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THE 


GAZETTEER  OF 


SCOTLAND 


BY 

Rev.  John  Wilson 

A   *  *  * 


EDINBURGH 


W.  &  A.  K.  JOHNSTON 

1882 


DR 


PREFACE. 


The  Publishers  have  been  induced  to  produce  the  present  Work,  from 
the  conviction  that  it  would  supply  a  long -felt  want :  namely,  a 
Gazetteer  of  Scotland,  extensive  enough  to  embrace  every  Town  and 
Village  in  the  Country,  of  any  importance,  as  existing  at  the  present 
day,  and  yet  portable  in  form  and  moderate  in  price. 

To  add  to  the  value  of  the  Work,  the  Census  of  1881  was  ex- 
tracted from  the  Official  Returns  expressly  for  it,  as  the  lists  to  be 
published  would '  not  be  available  for  the  earlier  portion  of  the  Work, 
already  in  the  hands  of  the  printer. 

Besides  the  usual  information,  as  to  Towns  and  Places  contained 
in  Gazetteers,  it  gives  the  Statistics  of  Real  Property,  Notices  of  Public 
Works,  Public  Buildings,  Churches,  Schools,  etc.  ;  whilst  the  Natural 
History  and  Historical  Incidents,  connected  with  particular  localities, 
have  not  been  omitted. 

From  the  great  experience  of  the  Author,  who  has  already  com- 
piled several  extensive  Gazetteers  and  Topographical  works,  the  Pub- 
lishers trust  that  this  Work  will  meet  the  approbation  of  the  numerous 
class  to  which  it  is  addressed. 


November,  1882. 


THE 

GAZETTEER  OF  SCOTLAND. 


AAN 


AAN,  affluent  of  the  Feugh,  in  Strachan 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

ABBETHUNE,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

ABBEY.parish,  containing  parts  of  Paisley 
and  Barrhead,  all  Johnstone,  and  several 
villages  in  Renfrewshire.  Its  length  is 
nearly  9  miles,  its  greatest  breadth  about 
5£  miles,  its  area  15,924  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty of  landward  part  in  1880-81,  £79,886. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  34,393;  quoad  sacra, 
13,637.  The  surface  is  partly  flat,  partly 
a  variety  of  valley,  undulation,  and  low 
hill-ridge,  and  partly  the  Gleniffer  portion 
of  the  Fereneze  Hills.  Coal,  ironstone, 
limestone,  and  aluminous  slate  abound,  and 
are  largely  worked.  Factories  and  other 
industrial  establishments  are  numerous. 
There  are  many  fine  modern  residences, 
several  old  mansions,  and  the  ruined  castles 
of  Crookston  and  Stanley.  The  parochial 
church  is  part  of  the  Abbey,  to  be  noticed 
in  our  account  of  Paisley ;  and  other 
churches  are  in  Paisley,  Barrhead,  John- 
stone, and  Elderslie.  10  schools,  for 
2338  scholars,  are  in  the  parts  outside  of 
Paisley  burgh,  and  2  of  them  and  en- 
largements for  1098  are  new. 

ABBEY,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  the  north- 
eastern outskirts  of  Edinburgh.  Pop.  2821. 
The  church  was  built  in  1876,  at  a  cost 
of  about  £8000,  and  contains  about  855 
sittings. 

ABBEY,  quoad  sacra  parish,  containing 
Arbroath  Abbey  and  part  of  Arbroath 
town,  Forfarshire.  Pop.  5119.  The  church 
contains  1281  sittings. 

ABBEY,  hamlet  on  the  Tyne,  1  mile  east 
of  Haddington.  A  Cistercian  convent  was 
founded  here  in  1178,  but  is  now  extinct ; 
and  a  Parliament  sat  here  in  1548. 

ABBEY,  village  on  the  Forth,  adjacent 
to  Cambuskenneth  Abbey,  1  mile  east  of 
Stirling. 

ABBEY,  burn  running  past  Dundrennan 
Abbeyto  Burnfoot  harbour,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

ABBEY-CRAIG,  precipitous  hill,  362  feet 
high,  1}  miles  east-north-east  of  Stirling. 


ABB 


It  forms  a  striking  feature  and  a  com- 
manding view-point  in  a  magnificent 
landscape.  It  was  held  by  the  army  of 
Sir  William  "Wallace  on  the  eve  of  the 
battle  of  Stirling  ;  and  it  is  surmounted  by 
Wallace's  Monument,  220  feet  high,  erected 
in  1861-69  at  a  cost  of  fully  £16,000. 

ABBEY-GREEN,  town,  better  known  as 
Lesmahagow,  Lanarkshire.     See  Lesma- 

HAGOW. 

ABBEY-HEAD,  small  headland  near 
mouth  of  Abbey-burn,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ABBEYHILL,  suburb  north-eastward 
from  foot  of  Canongate,  Edinburgh.  It  was 
once  aristocratic,  is  now  chiefly  modern 
and  squalid  ;  includes  a  railway  viaduct 
and  a  railway  station,  and  contains  a  public 
school,  built  in  1880-81  at  a  cost  of  £9704, 
with  accommodation  for  824  scholars. 

ABBEY  ST.  BATHANS,  parish,  with 
hamlet  on  Whitadder  water,  4  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Grant's  House  railway 
station,  Berwickshire.  Post  town,  Grant's 
House.  Acres,  4797.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £2630.  Pop.  250.  The  higher 
land  rises  to  heights  of  from  300  to  400 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  plains,  and  the 
entire  surface  consists  of  haughs,  slopes, 
and  tabular  hills.  A  priory  was  founded 
here  by  a  daughter  of  William  the  Lion, 
and  became  rich,  but  has  entirely  dis- 
appeared. The  church  adjoins  the  priory's 
site,  and  is  part  of  an  ancient  structure. 
The  public  school  has  about  80  scholars. 

ABBOTSFORD,  mansion  erected  by  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  adjacent  to  the  Tweed,  2 
miles  west  of  Melrose,  Roxburghshire.  It 
cost  upwards  of  £20,000,  exhibits  multi- 
plicity of  features  in  many  architectural 
styles,  includes  parts  and  objects  taken 
from  many  famous  ancient  edifices,  has 
been  aptly  described  as  'a  romance  in  stone 
and  lime,'  contains  numerous  interesting 
souvenirs  of  Sir  Walter,  and  is  engirt 
by  an  estate  which  he  transmuted  from 
moorishness  to  much  beauty. 

ABBOTSFORD,  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
south  side  of  Glasgow.  It  was  constituted 
in  1877.    Pop.  8891. 

A 


ABB 


ABBOTSFORD  FERRY,  station  on  Sel- 
kirk Railway,  opposite  Abbotsf ord,  2|  miles 
south  of  Galashiels. 

ABBOTSHALL,  parish,  containing  Link-  ! 
town  suburb  of  Kirkcaldy,  Fife.  Acres, 
4135.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,341. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  6435;  quoad  sacra,  5316. 
The  land  for  about  \  mile  from  the  shore 
is  flat,  and  extends  thence  about  2\  miles 
in  pleasant  swells  and  diversities.  Raith 
House,  lake,  and  grounds  are  delightful 
features;  and  Balwearie  Tower  is 
an  interesting  antiquity.  The  parochial 
church,  a  Free  church,  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  are  in  Linktown ; 
and  the  public  schools  are  under  Kirk- 
caldy board. 

ABBOTSHAUGH,  extinct  ancient  abbey 
in  Falkirk  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

ABBOT'S  ISLE,  verdant  islet  in  Stone- 
field  Bay,  Loch  Etive,  Argyleshire. 

ABBOTSRULE,  old  parish  divided  be- 
tween Southdean  and  Hobkirk,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

ABB'S-HEAD  (ST.),  bold  promontory  4 
miles  north-west  of  Eyemouth,  Berwick- 
shire. It  consists  of  trap  rock  with  mural 
front,  but  adjoins  contorted  cavernous 
stratified  rocks.  It  had  anciently  a  nun- 
nery, said  to  have  been  founded  by  a 
Northumbrian  princess ;  and  it  has  now 
a  lighthouse,  erected  in  1861,  with  flash- 
ing light  visible  at  the  distance  of  20 
nautical  miles. 

ABDEN,  seat,  near  Kinghorn,  Fife. 

ABDIE,  parish,  containing  Mount 
Pleasant  suburb  of  Newburgh,  Fife. 
Acres,  6371.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,439.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  983; 
quoad  sacra,  862.  The  land  includes 
a  rich  alluvial  tract  on  the  Tay,  but  is 
mostly  a  fine  diversity  of  hill  and  dale. 
Chief  features  are  Clatchard  Crag, 
Norman's  Law,  Inchrye  House,  Lindores 
House,  loch,  and  village,  and  vestiges  of 
a  castle  said  to  have  belonged  to  Macduff. 
The  church  contains  about  500  sittings, 
and  the  public  school  has  places  for  159 
scholars. 

ABERARDER,  glen,  with  vista  view  to 
Benaven,  off  left  side  of  the  Dee,  between 
Balmoral  and  Castleton,  Aberdeenshire. 

ABERARDER,  place  in  Daviot  parish, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Inverness. 

ABERARGIE,  village,  If  miles  west  of 
Abernethy,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Bridge  of  Earn. 

ABERCAIRNEY,  railway  station,  and 
seat,  3|  miles  east-north- east  of  Crieff, 
Perthshire. 

ABERCHALDER,  seat,  at  foot  of  Loch 
Oich,  Great  Glen,  Inverness-shire.  Prince 
Charles  Edward  concentrated  his  forces 
here  at  the  commencement  of  the  rebellion 
in  1745. 

ABERCHIRDER,  town,  9  miles  south-by- 
west  of  Banff.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Banff ;  a  banking  office ;  Established, 


ABE 


Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Baptist,  Epis- 
copalian, and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
and  2  public  schools.  Its  Free  church 
originated  in  the  Marnoch  contest,  one  of 
the  sharpest  which  led  to  the  Disruption, 
and  is  large  and  handsome.  Pop.  of  the 
town,  1358. 

ABERCORN,  parish,  extending  from 
Firth  of  Forth  to  vicinity  of  Winchburgh 
railway  station,  Linlithgowshire.  Post 
town,  South  Queensferry.  Acres,  4500. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,173.  Pop. 
856.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified, 
and  both  contains  and  commands  delight- 
ful views,  yet  rises  nowhere  higher  than 
350  feet  above  sea-level.  Chief  fea- 
tures are  Hopetoun  House  and  Binns 
House,  seats  of  the  Earl  of  Hopetoun  and 
Sir  Robert  Dalyell,  Bart.  Interesting 
spots  are  sites  of  a  Culdee  establishment 
and  a  famous  ancient  castle  ;  and  a  notable 
estate  is  one  which  passed  from  the  Hamil- 
tons,  but  continues  to  give  their  descen- 
dant the  titles  of  Earl,  Marquis,  and  Duke 
of  Abercorn.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished and  Free ;  and  there  are  2  public 
schools  with  about  111  scholars. 

ABERCROMBIE,  parish,  containing  St. 
Monance  town,  on  south-east  coast  of 
Fife.  Acres,  1203.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £6073.  Pop.  2054.  The  beach 
is  low  and  rocky,  the  land  thence  rises 
very  abruptly,  and  the  interior  has  un- 
dulations, but  is  mainly  flat.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  The  public 
school  is  partly  new,  and  has  about  211 
scholars,  and  it  and  3  others  have  jointly 
accommodation  for  398. 

ABERDALGIE,  parish,  from  1J  to  4£ 
miles  west  of  Bridge  of  Earn,  Perthshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Perth.  Acres, 
4165.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4657. 
Pop.  297.  The  surface  rises  from  the 
Earn  to  the  northern  boundary,  presents 
a  luxuriant  appearance,  and  commands 
picturesque  views.  The  chief  feature  is 
Dupplin  Castle,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Kinnoul.  The  public  school  has  about 
38  scholars. 

ABERDEEN,  city  on  the  south-east  verge 
of  Aberdeenshire,  at  mouth  of  river  Dee, 
90  miles  north-east-by-north  of  Perth.  It 
ranks  as  a  royal  and  parliamentary  burgh, 
a  place  of  sheriff  and  justiciary  courts,  a 
university  town,  a  seat  of  manufacture, 
and  a  head  port.  It  appears  first  on 
record  in  1179  ;  it  was  enthralled  by  the 
English  from  1296  till  1308,  but  expelled 
them  under  the  war-cry,  '  Bon-  accord ' ; 
it  was  destroyed  by  them  in  1336,  but  was 
soon  rebuilt,  and  then  called  New  Aber- 
deen. It  figured  much  in  subsequent 
national  events, both  political  and  military, 
and  it  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  a  branch  of 
the  family  of  Gordon.  Its  site  includes 
rising  ground  and  dell,  giving  diversity  to 
the  street  alignments ;  and  its  building 
material  is  granite,  occasioning  it  to  be 
called  the  Granite  City.  Its  thorough- 
fares, till  near  the  end  of  last  century, 


ABE 


3 


ABE 


were  narrow,  dense,  and  ill-built;  but  they 
have  from  time  to  time,  down  to  1881, 
been  so  improved  and  extended  as  to 
make  it  one  of  the  finest  cities  in  Great 
Britain.  Castle  Street,  in  its  centre,  is  a 
large,  grandly-edificed  rectangle.  Union 
Street,  extending  thence  about  f  mile  to 
the  west-south-west,  is  both  remarkably 
well-edificed  in  itself,  and  commands 
striking  views  of  other  parts  of  the  city. 
King  Street,  extending  northward  from 
Castle  Street,  is  little  inferior  to  Union 
Street ;  and  a  number  of  other  thorough- 
fares are  straight,  spacious,  and  pleasing. 

The  Municipal  and  County  Buildings, 
in  Castle  Street,  were  erected  in  1865-69, 
at  a  cost  of  about  £60,000.  The  post 
office,  at  foot  of  Market  Street,  was 
erected  in  1872-76,  at  a  cost  of  about 
£16,000.  The  North  of  Scotland  Bank,  at 
south-west  corner  of  Queen  Street,  was 
erected  in  1839,  at  a  cost  of  £14,000.  The 
Music  Hall  buildings,  in  Union  Street, 
were  completed  about  1855,  at  a  cost  of 
£16,500.  The  theatre,  in  Guild  Street, 
was  erected  in  1872,  at  a  cost  of  nearly 
£8000.  The  Market  Cross,in  Castle  Street, 
a  singularly  complex  ornamental  struc- 
ture, was  erected  in  1686,  and  reconstructed 
in  1842.  A  bridge,  spanning  a  ravine  in 
the  line  of  Union  Street,  was  erected  at  a 
cost  of  £13,342.  Victoria  Bridge,  across 
the  Dee,  in  line  of  Market  Street,  was 
completed  in  1881,  at  a  cost  of  fully 
£20,000.  The  Prince  Consort's  Monu- 
ment, at  south  end  of  Union  Terrace,  was 
inaugurated  in  1863.  The  Duke  of  Gor- 
don's Monument,  in  Castle  Street,  is  a 
colossal  granite  statue.  "Sir  William 
"Wallace's  Monument,  in  front  of  Union 
Terrace,  was  projected  in  February  1880. 
St.  Nicholas  Established  church,  oft'  Union 
Street,  was  originally  a  cathedral-like, 
cruciform  edifice,  suffered  partial  destruc- 
tion by  fire  in  1874,  and  was  restored  at  a 
cost  of  about  £15,000,  before  the  end  of 
1878.  The  North  Established  church,  in 
Queen  Street,  was  erected  in  1826,  at  a  cost 
of  £10,500.  The  East  and  West  Free 
churches,  in  Belmont  Street,  form  one 
imposing  cruciform  edifice.  Other  Pres- 
byterian churches,  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian,  are  modern  and 
good.  The  Congregational  chapel,  in 
Shiprow,  was  erected  in  1867,  at  a  cost  of 
more  than  £5500.  St.  Andrew's  Episco- 
palian church,  in  King  Street,  was  erected 
in  1817,  at  a  cost  of  £8000,  and  acquired  a 
new  chancel  in  1880.  St.  Mary's  Episco- 
palian church,  in  Carden  Place,  was 
erected  about  1864.  The  Roman  Catholic 
church,  in  Huntly  Street,  was  erected  in 
1860,  and  contains  1200  sittings.  Maris- 
chal  College,  in  Broad  Street,  was  erected 
in  1837-41 ;  occupies  the  site  of  previous 
buildings  dating  from  old  times  ;  and  in 
1860  was  constituted  one  university  with 
King's  College  in  Old  Aberdeen.  The 
Old  Academy,  long  famous  for  producing 
x   distinguished  scholars,  was  voted  in  May 


1880  to  be  converted  into  a  museum  of 
science  and  art.  A  public  school  in  Com- 
merce Street,  one  of  5  new  schools 
provided  by  the  burgh  school  board,  was 
built  in  1876,  at  a  cost  of  about  £4500. 
The  Infirmary,  at  Woolmanhill,  was 
erected  in  1840,  at  a  cost  of  about  £17,000. 
The  Lunatic  Asylum,  in  the  north-western 
outskirts,  was  completed  in  1819,  at  a  cost 
of  about  £20,000.  A  public  park  at  Allen- 
vale  was  begun  to  be  formed  in  August 
1881,  and  comprises  about  47  acres. 

The  city  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments ;  6  sub-offices,  with  each  a 
money  order  department  ;  railway  com- 
munication northward,  north-westward, 
westward,  and  southward  ;  2  head 
banking  offices,  6  branch  banking  offices, 
and  numerous  hotels  ;  contains  12  Estab- 
lished churches,  19  Free  churches,  6 
United  Presbyterian,  5  Congregational, 
2  Evangelical  Union,  3  Baptist,  5  Episco- 
palian, and  6  of  other  denominations  ; 
had  formerly  90  schools  for  12,708 
scholars,  and  now  has  86  schools  for 
14,677 ;  publishes  3  daily  newspapers 
and  5  weekly;  carries  on  large  manu- 
factures of  linens,  woollens,  and  cottons, 
and  much  business  in  iron  works, 
breweries,  distilleries,  granite  polishing 
works,  shipbuilding  yards,  and  other 
establishments ;  and  conducts  extensive 
export  of  its  own  produce,  and  of 
grain  and  fish.  Its  harbour  lies  within 
the  Dee's  mouth,  comprehends  an 
elaborate,  series  of  artificial  works, 
cost  long  ago  about  £500,000,  and  was 
designed  in  1876,  and  recommended 
again  near  the  end  of  1880,  to  undergo 
further  extension.  The  vessels  belonging 
to  the  port  at  end  of  1879  were  178 
sailing  vessels,  of  98,763  tons,  and  45 
steam  vessels,  of  20,421  tons ;  and  the 
arrivals  in  that  year  were  2030  British 
vessels,  of  486,581  tons,  and  143  foreign 
vessels,  of  34,566  tons  ;  the  departures, 
1985  British  vessels,  of  479,218  tons, 
and  137  foreign  vessels,  of  33,175  tons. 
The  parliamentary  burgh  sends  1 
member  to  Parliament,  and  the  university 
unites  with  Glasgow  University  in  sending 
another.  Real  property  of  the  burgh  in 
1880-81,  £429,267.    Pop.  in  1881,  105,003. 

ABERDEEN  (OLD),  suburb,  adjacent  to 
the  river  Don,  about  a  mile  north  of 
Aberdeen.  It  became  the  seat  of  a 
bishopric  in  1154,  acquired  a  university 
in  1494,  and  was  long  a  rival  to  Aberdeen, 
but  is  now  small,  quiet,  and  semi-rural, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Aberdeen.  The  nave 
of  its  cathedral  still  stands,  measures  126 
by  68  feet,  has  a  very  fine  western  window, 
and  is  used  as  Old  Machar  parish  church. 
King's  College  was  built  in  the  16th 
century,  underwent  much  renovation  and 
improvement  subsequent  to  1859,  and  has 
a  tower  surmounted  by  a  stone  crown, 
similar  to  that  of  St.  Giles'  Church  in 
Edinburgh.    The  arts  and  divinity  classes 


ABE 


4 


ABE 


are  held  in  this  college ;  the  law  and 
medicine  classes  are  held  in  Marischal 
College,  Aberdeen ;  and  the  number  of 
matriculated  students  in  the  winter  session 
of  1879-80  was  701,  in  the  summer 
session  of  1881,  233.  An  ancient  one- 
arched  bridge  and  a  modern  five-arched 
bridge  span  the  Don  in  the  near  vicinity  ; 
and  the  former  is  the  '  Brig  o'  Balgownie,' 
figuring  in  an  anecdote  and  lines  of 
Lord  Byron. 

ABERDEENSHIRE,  maritime  county,  ex- 
tending from  the  river  Dee  to  the  Moray 
Firth,  and  from  the  Dee's  mouth  to  the 
summits  of  the  Cairngorm  Mountains. 
Its  length  is  about  86  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  47  miles  ;  its  extent  of  coast 
about  70  miles  ;  its  circumference  about 
280  miles  ;  its  area  1970  square  miles. 
Its  ancient  divisions  were  Buchan,  Strath- 
bogie,  Formartine,  Garioch,  and  Mar  ;  and 
its  modern  districts  are  Deer,  Turriff, 
Huntly,  Garioch,  Alford,  Ellon,  New 
Machar,  Aberdeen,  Deeside,  and  Braemar. 
The  coast  has  few  indentations,  is  partly 
rocky  and  precipitous,  and  includes  the 
most  easterly  ground  in  Scotland.  About 
two-thirds  of  the  interior  are  either  sands, 
mosses,  moors,  hills,  or  mountains.  The 
northern,  eastern,  and  south-eastern  parts 
are  the  least  elevated,  and  comprise  a 
large  aggregate  of  low  flat  land  ;  while 
the  south-western  parts  are  prevailingly 
lofty  and  rugged,  and  include  summits 
and  offsets  of  the  Cairngorm  Mountains. 
The  chief  rocks  are  granite,  gneiss,  and 
mica  slate.  The  principal  rivers  are  the 
Dee,  the  Don,  the  Deveron,  and  the 
Ythan.  The  soils  are  very  various  and 
averagely  poor,  but  have  been  so  skilfully 
worked  as  to  be  remarkably  productive. 
The  towns  with  each  above  4000  inhabi- 
tants are  Aberdeen,  Peterhead,  and 
Fraserburgh  ;  with  each  above  2000, 
Huntly,  Inverury,  Turriff,  and  New  Pit- 
sligo ;  with  each  above  1000,  Old  Meldrum, 
Rosehearty,  and  Strichen ;  and  the  villages 
with  each  above  500,  Auchmull,  Ballater, 
Boddam,Cuminestone,  Ellon,  Inverallochy, 
Kintore,  New  Aberdour,  Newburgh,  and 
St.  Comb.  The  county  sends  2  mem- 
bers to  Parliament,  and  is  cut  for  that 
purpose  into  two  divisions,  eastern  and 
western.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£919,203.  Pop.  in  1871,  244,003  ;  in  1881, 
267,963. 

ABERDONA,  seat,  4J  miles  north-east  of 
Clackmannan. 

ABERDOUR,  village  and  parish  on  north 
coast  of  Firth  of  Forth,  Fife.  The  village 
stands  on  a  fine  sheltered  bay,  2|  miles 
west-by-south  of  Burntisland  ;  consists  of 
three  parts,  "Wester  Aberdour,  Easter 
Aberdour,  and  Newton ;  was  anciently  a 
royal  landing-place  for  Dunfermline  ;  con- 
tains the  site  of  an  ancient  nunnery  and 
finely  situated  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle  ; 
is  now  a  favourite  summer  resort  for 
rustication  and  sea-bathing;  maintains 
direct    steamboat    communication  with 


Leith  ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Burntisland,  an  Established  church,  a 
Free  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  166  scholars.  Pop.  610. — The  parish 
contains  also  Donibristle  colliery  and 
Wemyss  Square  villages,  and  includes 
Inchcolm  Island.  Acres,  5974.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £12,500..  Pop.  1736.  The 
coast  is  intricate,  diversified,  and  pictur- 
esque, and  commands  charming  views. 
The  land  thence,  to  a  hill-ridge  through 
the  centre,  is  mostly  fertile  and  beautiful, 
and  the  tract  on  the  north  is  mostly  bleak 
hill.  Aberdour  Castle  is  a  seat  of  Baron 
Aberdour,  the  Earl  of  Morton,  and  there 
are  4  other  mansions.  A  public  school 
is  at  Donibristle. 

ABERDOUR,  parish,  containing  New 
Aberdour  village,  on  north  coast  of 
Aberdeenshire.  New  Aberdour  stands  8 
miles  west-south-west  of  Fraserburgh,  was 
founded  in  1798,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Fraserburgh,  an  Established  church, 
a  Free  church,  and  2  public  schools  with 
about  238  scholars.  Pop.  642.— The  parish 
contains  also  the  fishing  village  of  Pennan, 
and  is  about  7  miles  long  and  5  miles 
broad.  Acres,  15,508.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £8672.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2124 ; 
quoad  sacra,  1903.  The  western  division 
rises  mostly  from  200  to  300  feet  above 
sea-level ;  the  eastern  division  is  compara- 
tively low  and  flat ;  the  whole  comprises 
a  great  proportion  of  moss,  moor,  and 
barren  land.  The  coast  is  rocky,  bold, 
and  cavernous  ;  includes  a  striking  natural 
feature  similar  to  the  Bullers  of  Buchan ; 
and  is  surmounted  at  one  point  by  the 
ruined  historical  castle  of  Dundargue. 
The  rocks  possess  much  interest  both  for 
science  and  for  utility.  There  are  4 
schools  for  440  scholars,  and  one  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  121  are  new. 

ABERFELDY,  town  at  terminus  of  branch 
of  Highland  Railway,  32|  miles  north-west 
of  Perth.  It  stands  on  Moness  burn, 
adjacent  to  the  Tay,  amid  a  picturesque 
tract  of  country  ;  is  famous  for  falls  on 
Moness  burn  in  a  wooded  dell,  sung  by 
Burns  as  the  4  Birks  o'  Aberfeldy ; '  has 
good  street  arrangements,  with  recent  ex- 
tension in  questionable  tastes ;  has  much  at- 
traction for  tourists  and  summer  residents, 
and  contains  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  3  banking  offices,  2  hotels, 
a  public  hall  projected  in  1880,  an  Estab- 
lished church,  also  projected  in  1880,  a 
large  Free  church,  a  large  Congregational 
church,  a  small  Baptist  chapel,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  240  scholars. 
Pop.  1260. 

ABERFOYLE,  parish  in  south-west  ex- 
tremity of  Perthshire,  with  post  office 
under  Stirling,  and  a  hotel  6|  miles  north- 
north- west  of  Bucklyvie  railway  station. 
Length,  lOi miles;  breadth,  5^- miles  ;  area, 
26,810  acre's.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£4579.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  465  ;  quoad 
sacra,  409.    A  bill  was  promoted  in  1880 


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for  a  railway,  on  a  capital  of  £55,000, 
from  the  vicinity  of  the  hotel  to  a  junction 
with  the  Forth  and  Clyde  Railway  between 
Bucklyvie  and  Balfron.  _  A  glen,  on  the 
south-east  border,  contains  the  hotel  and 
the  church ;  extends  about  2  miles  west- 
ward, with  a  width  of  about  £  mile,  and  is 
traversed  by  the  chief  head- stream  of  the 
river  Forth.  A  pass  at  the  glen's  head 
figured  much  in  the  raids  of  the  Highland 
caterans,  and  was  the  scene  of  a  victory 
by  Graham  of  Duchray  over  a  body  of 
Cromwell's  troops.  The  general  surface 
is  upland,  and  includes  Benvenue,  Ben- 
chochan,  and  some  lesser  mountains. 
Loch  Katrine,  the  Trossachs,  and  Loch 
Achray  are  on  the-  northern  border  ;  Loch 
Drunkie  is  in  the  north-east  corner  ;  and 
Locbs  Chon  and  Ard  are  in  the  south- 
west. The  aggregate  scenery  is  much 
diversified  and  richly  picturesque,  and 
many  spots  figure  graphically  in  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  Rob  Roy,  Waverley,  and  Lady  of 
the  Lake;  but  the  '  clachan '  of  his  romance, 
on  a  site  about  a  mile  west  of  the  hotel, 
is  now  extinct.  The  public  school  has 
about  65  scholars. 

ABERGELDIE,  seat  on  the  Dee,  2\  miles 
east  of  Balmoral,  Aberdeenshire.  The 
Birks  of  Abergeldie  are  the  subject  of  an 
old  melody,  transferred  by  Burns  to  his 
'Birks  o'  Aberfeldy.'  The  mansion  is  a 
modernized,  ancient,  castellated  edifice, 
and,  together  with  the  grounds,  was 
purchased  by  the  late  Prince  Consort,  and 
is  now  included  in  Balmoral  demesne. 

ABERIACHAN,  burn,  entering  left  side 
of  Loch  Ness,  4  miles  north-east  of  Fort- 
Augustus,  Inverness-shire.  It  traverses 
romantic  scenery,  makes  fine  falls,  and 
passes  a  large  spar  cave. 

ABERLADY,  village  and  parish  on  north- 
west coast  of  Haddingtonshire.  The  vil- 
lage stands  3  miles  west-by-north  of  Drem 
railway  station,  is  a  sea-bathing  resort,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  depart- 
ment, under  Longniddry,  an  Established 
church,  a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  185  scholars. 
Pop.  438. — The  parish  is  3f  miles  long, 
and  Z\  miles  broad.  Acres,  4319.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £11,270.  Pop.  1000. 
The  surface  rises  very  slowly  from  the 
shore,  and  looks  to  be  almost  flat,  yet 
presents  a  rich  appearance.  Gosford 
House,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Wemyss, 
and  Ballencrieff,  the  seat  of  Lord  Elibank, 
are  chief  features.  Aberlady  Bay,  taking 
name  from  the  parish,  is  an  encurvature 
from  Gullane  Point,  past  Prestonpans, 
Musselburgh,  and  Portobello,  to  Leith. 

ABERLEMNO  parish  around  Auldbar 
railway  station,  near  centre  of  Forfarshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Forfar.  Its 
length  is  6  miles,  its  greatest  breadth  4f 
miles,  its  area  8914  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £10,874.  Pop.  993.  The 
surface  is  partly  level,  partly  hilly,  and 
rises  from  about  200  to  about  600  feet 
above  sea-level.    The  seats  are  Auldbar 


Castle,  Balgavies,  and  Carsegownie  ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  Flemmington 
Castle  and  Melgund  Castle,  the  latter  a 
ruin  giving  the  title  of  viscount  to  the 
Earl  of  Minto.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished and  Free  ;  and  the  public  school  has 
about  104  scholars. 

ABERLOUR,  village  and  parish  on  south- 
west border  of  Banffshire.  The  village 
stands  on  the  Spey,  17  miles  south-west  of 
Keith,  was  founded  in  1812,  presents  a 
well-built  appearance,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Craigellachie,  a  railway 
station,  2  banking  offices,  an  Established 
Norman  church  of  1861,  a  Free  church,  an 
Episcopalian  early  English  church  of  1877, 
an  orphanage  connected  with  that  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  190  scholars. 
Pop.  721. — The  parish  is  9  miles  long  and 
5  miles  broad.  Acres,  14,781.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £6464.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  1912 ;  quoad  sacra,  1794.  The  Spey 
traces  all  the  boundary  with  Elginshire, 
and  is  here  deep  and  rapid.  Aberlour  burn, 
entering  that  river  at  the  village,  makes  a 
cascade  of  30  feet.  Craigellachie  on  the 
Spey  will  be  separately  noticed.  The 
south-western  district  is  mountainous,  and 
includes  most  of  Benrinnes ;  the  other 
districts  also  are  prevailingly  hilly,  yet 
about  two-thirds  of  the  entire  area  are 
cultivated.  Aberlour  House  is  an  elegant 
modern  mansion.  There  are  3  schools 
for  343  scholars,  and  include  recent  en- 
largements for  61. 

ABERLUTHNOTT,  ancient  parish,  now 
called  Marykirk,  Kincardineshire. 

ABERMILK,  ancient  parish,  now  called 
St.  Mungo,  Dumfriesshire. 

ABERNETHY,  village  in  Perthshire,  and 
parish,  partly  also  in  Fife.  The  village 
stands  7f  miles  south-east  of  Perth,  was 
anciently  a  seat  of  the  Culdees,  and  a 
capital  of  Pictavia ;  contains  an  ancient 
round  tower  similar  to  the  famous  round 
towers  of  Ireland ;  presents  now  a  plain, 
modern  appearance,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under  New- 
burgh,  a  railway  station,  an  Established 
church,  a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and 
a  recently  enlarged  public  school  for  362 
scholars.  Pop.  906. — The  parish  contains 
also  Aberargie  village,  includes  Mugdrum 
Island,  and  is  nearly  5  miles  long  and 
about  4  miles  broad.  Acres  in  Perthshire, 
7577;  in  Fife,  1967.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £12,788  and  £2343.  Pop.  1586 
and  128.  About  one-third  of  the  surface 
is  low,  rich  land  around  and  near  the 
confluence  of  the  Earn  and  the  Tay  ;  and 
the  rest  is  part  of  the  Ochil  Hills,  cloven 
by  Glenfarg.  The  seats  are  Carpow, 
Ayton,  and  Carey  ;  and  some  antiquities 
are  Balvaird  Castle,  remains  of  a  Roman 
camp,  and  vestiges  of  a  vitrified  fort. 

ABERNETHY,  parish  around  Nethy 
Bridge,  Broomhill,  and  Boat-of-Garten 
stations  on  Strathspey  and  Highland 
Railways,  east  border  of  Inverness-shire. 


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6 


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Area,  about  146  square  miles.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £8329.  Pop.  1530.  The 
surface  extends  along  the  Spey  from 
Rothiemurchus  to  Cromdale,  and  ascends 
thence  south-eastward  to  summits  of  the 
Cairngorms.  Small  part  is  low,  flat  land 
contiguous  to  the  Spey ;  and  much  of  the 
mountains  is  covered  with  natural  pine 
woods.  The  parish  has  a  post  office  under 
Grantown,  2  parochial  churches  with 
1000  and  600  sittings,  a  Free  church,  and 
3  public  schools  for  310  scholars. 

ABERNYTE,  parish  in  Sidlaw  district, 
Perthshire,  mainly  about  2  miles 
north-north-west  of  Inchture  railway 
station.  Post  town,  Inchture.  Acres, 
2532.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £3011. 
Pop.  275.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and 
rises  from  about  300  to  about  1155  feet 
above  sea-level.  A  Free  church  serves  for 
Abernyte  and  Rait.  The  public  school 
has  about  75  scholars. 

ABERTARF,  parish,  united  to  Boleskine, 
Inverness-shire. 

ABERUCHILL,  seat,  2  miles  west-south- 
west of  Comrie,  Perthshire. 

ABERUTHVEN,  village,  2£  miles  north- 
east of  Auchterarder,  Perthshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Auchterarder,  a  ruined 
ancient  church  used  as  a  burying-place  of 
the  Duke  of  Montrose,  a  Free  church,  and 
a  public  school.    Pop.  331. 

ABINGTON,  village  on  the  Clyde,  43J 
miles  south- west-by- south  of  Edinburgh. 
It  is  a  meet  for  huntsmen,  and  a  centre 
for  anglers,  and  it  has  a  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Lanarkshire,  a  railway  station, 
an  inn,  and  a  Free  church. 

ABOVE-THE-HILL,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Harray  parish,  Orkney. 

ABOYNE,  village  and  parish  in  Deeside 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village 
stands  on  the  Dee,  32^-  miles  west-south- 
west of  Aberdeen  ;  it  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Aberdeen,  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  an  inn,  a  suspension  bridge, 
an  Established  church  of  1842,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
164  scholars,  and  it  gives  the  titles  of 
baron,  viscount,  and  earl  to  the  Marquis 
of  Huntly.  Pop.  about  200. — The  present 
parish  comprises  the  old  parishes  of 
Aboyne  and  Glentanner,  and  extends 
from  Coull  to  Kincardineshire.  Acres, 
25,265.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8005. 
Pop.  1427.  About  one-tenth  of  the  land 
is  arable,  a  considerable  aggregate  is 
under  wood,  and  the  rest  is  pastoral  or 
heathy  hill  and  mountain.  Aboyne  Castle, 
the  seat  of  the  Marquis  of  Huntly,  stands 
near  the  village,  and  is  an  imposing  edifice 
of  dates  from  11th  century  till  recent 
years.  There  are  3  public  schools  for 
318  scholars,  and  one  of  them,  for  160,  is 
new. 

ACHADASHENAIG,  seat,  overlooking 
Aros  Bay,  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

ACHADHAMILLAN,  place  on  south-east 
side  of  Loch  Killisport,  Argyleshire. 


ACHAHOISH,  hamlet  at  head  of  Loch 
Killisport,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Lochgilphead. 

ACHALERAN,  place  in  Ardchattan 
parish,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  53  scholars. 

ACHALICK,  bay  on  east  side  of  Loch 
Fyne,  nearly  opposite  Tarbert,  Argyleshire. 

ACHALL,  lake  in  Lochbroom  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

ACHALL ADER,  ruined  baronial  fortalice 
on  Loch  Tolla,  Glenorchy,  Argyleshire. 

ACHALLY,  lake,  and  hill  1694  feet  high, 
in  Clunie  parish,  Perthshire. 

ACHANACY,  hill  in  Keith  parish,  Banff- 
shire. 

ACHANAULT.    See  Auchanault. 

A  CHANDARINE,  village  in  Inverary 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

ACHANEILAN,  deep  quagmire,  5  miles 
long,  adjacent  to  Loch  Shiel,  on  north 
border  of  Argyleshire. 

ACHANY,  seat,  4  miles  south-west  of 
Lairg,  Sutherland. 

ACHARACLE,  quoad  sacra  parish  around 
Loch  Shiel,  Argyleshire  and  Inverness- 
shire.  Pop.  1236.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Fort-William,  an  Established 
church,  a  Free  church  preaching-station, 
and  3  new  public  schools. 

ACHARDALE,  quondam  hamlet  in  Hal- 
kirk parish,  Caithness. 

ACHARN,  village,  and  burn  with  pic- 
turesque cascades,  2  miles  west-south-west 
of  Kenmore,  Perthshire. 

ACHASTLE,  ruined  old  castle  in  Latheron 
parish,  Caithness. 

ACHAVANICH,  place,  8  miles  north  of 
Dunbeath,  in  Caithness. 

ACHBRECK,  village  in  Glenlivet,  10 
miles  south  of  Dufftown,  Banffshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Ballindalloch. 

ACHILTIE,  lake  in  Contin  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

ACHINCASS.    See  Auchincass. 

ACHINDUIN,  ruined  episcopal  castle  on 
west  coast  of  Lismore  Island,  Argyleshire. 

ACHINDUNE,  ruined  strong  baronial 
fortalice  on  Fiddich  rivulet,  near  Dufftown, 
Banffshire. 

ACHLYNE,  noble  shooting-lodge  in  Glen- 
dochart,  Perthshire. 

ACHNACARRY,  hamlet  and  seat  at 
convergence  of  Glenarchaig  and  Great 
Glen,  Inverness-shire.  The  hamlet  has  a 
post  office  under  Fort- William. 

ACHNACLOICH,  lake  in  Rosskeen 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

ACHNACRAIG,  hamlet  at  mouth  of 
Loch  Don,  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire.  It 
is  the  ferry  station  to  Oban,  and  it  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Oban,  and  a  harbour. 

ACHNACROISH,  place,  3  miles  north  of 
Achnacraig,  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Oban. 

ACHNAGOL,  village  in  Inverary  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

ACHNAHANNET,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Kincardine  parish,  Ross-shire. 


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7 


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ACHNAHOW,  glen  in  Kildonan  parish, 
Sutherland. 

ACHNESS,  castle  near  foot  of  Glen- 
cassley,  Sutherland. 

ACHR  ANNIE,  wild  cataract  within 
frightful  chasm  on  river  Isla,  on  west 
border  of  Forfarshire. 

ACHRAY,  picturesque  lake  a  short 
distance  east  of  the  Trossachs,  Perthshire. 

ACHRISGILL,  impetuous  stream  run- 
ning to  Loch  Inchard,  on  west  coast  of 
Sutherland. 

ACHTERCAIRN,  hamlet  in  Gairloch 
parish,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  123  scholars. 

ACKERGILL,  place  on  Sinclair  Bay,  3 
miles  north  of  Wick,  Caithness.  It  has 
a  public  school,  and  it  was  designed  in 
December  1879  to  have  a  steamship  pier 
to  accommodate  steamers  in  lieu  of  their 
going  up  to  Wick.  Ackergill  Tower  is 
partly  an  ancient,  massive,  well-preserved 
fortalice,  and  partly  a  modern  castellated 
mansion. 

ADAM'S  ROW,  village  in  Newton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

ADAMTON,  seat  near  Monkton,  Ayr- 
shire. 

ADD,  river,  running  12  miles  south- 
westward  to  head  of  Loch  Crinan,  Argyle- 
shire. 

ADDIEWELL,  town,  about  a  mile  west 
of  West  Calder,  Edinburghshire.  It  was 
founded  subsequent  to  1864  ;  it  consists 
almost  wholly  of  extensive  paraffin  works 
and  of  houses  for  the  workmen  ;  and  it 
stands  adjacent  to  West  Calder  railway 
station,  and  has  a  post  office .  under  Mid- 
Calder.    Pop.  1819. 

ADIE,  hill  in  Rathven  parish,  Banffshire. 

ADIGO,  lake  in  Uig  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hedrides. 

ADVIE,  old  parish,  now  part  of  Crom- 
dale,  Elginshire.  It  has  a  railway  station 
8£  miles  north-east  of  Grantown,  a  post 
office  under  Ballindalloch,  and  a  chapel-of- 
ease. 

AE,  river,  running  16  miles  south-east- 
ward to  the  Kinnel,  at  2  miles  north-north- 
west of  Lochmaben,  Dumfriesshire. 

AFFLECK,  old  baronial  fortalice,  almost 
entire,  in  Monikie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

AFFLECK,  Ayrshire.   See  Auchinleck. 

AFFORSK,  romantic  ravine  in  Gamrie 
parish,  Banffshire. 

AFFRICK,  lake  and  river  in  Strath- 
affrick,  north-west  border  of  Inverness- 
shire.  The  lake  lies  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  strath,  measures  about  5  miles  in 
length,  and  is  overhung  by  Alpine  moun- 
tains. The  river  traverses  both  that  lake 
and  Loch  Benevean,  makes  several  fine 
cascades,  and  takes  afterwards  the  name 
of  Glass. 

AFTON,  rivulet,  running  6$  miles  north- 
ward to  the  Nith,  at  New  Cumnock,  Ayr- 
shire.   It  is  sung  by  Burns. 

AFTON-BRIDGEND,  village  on  Afton 
rivulet,  near  New  Cumnock,  Ayrshire.  It 
has  a  Free  church.    Pop.  350. 


AHEURICH,  glen  in  Sunart  district, 
Argyleshire. 

AICHILTIBUIE,  hamlet  in  Lochbroom 
parish,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  120  scholars. 

AIGAS.    See  Ellan-Aigas. 

AIKENHAULD,  site  of  old  parochial 
church  in  Oathlaw  parish,  Forfarshire. 

AIKENHEAD,  seat  in  Cathcart  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

AIKERNESS,  estate  in  Evie  parish, 
Orkney. 

AIKET,  ancient  castle  in  Dunlop  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

AIKEY-BRAE,  historical  spot  near  Old 
Deer,  Aberdeenshire. 

AILSA-CRAIG,  insular  conical  rock  in 
Firth  of  Clyde,  10  miles  west-by-north  of 
Girvan,  Ayrshire.  It  consists  of  syenitic 
trap,  rises  steeply  to  height  of  1114  feet 
above  mean  level  tide,  and  is  inhabited  by 
countless  multitudes  of  sea-fowl.    Pop.  7. 

AILSK,  wild  upland  lake,  a  source  of 
Oikell  river  in  Sutherland. 

AIRD,  peninsula,  5  miles  long,  in  Storno- 
way  parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

AIRD,  headland,  forming  north  -  east 
extremity  of  Skye  Island,  Inverness-shire. 

AIRD,  large,  rich,  picturesque  tract  on 
the  Beauly,  in  north-west  extremity  of 
Inverness-shire. 

AIRD,  rocky  promontory,  with  remains 
of  Scandinavian  fort,  in  Saddell  parish, 
Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

AIRD,  hamlet  in  Inch  parish,  Wigton- 
shire. 

AIRD  or  ARD,  any  hummocky  height, 
small  or  large,  low  or  high,  either  on 
coast  or  inland.  The  word  is  used  chiefly 
as  a  prefix,  and  mostly  in  the  form  of 
'Ard.' 

AIRDIT,  seat  in  Leuchars  parish,  Fife. 

AIRDRIE,  parliamentary  burgh,  12  miles 
east-by-north  of  Glasgow.  It  was  no  more 
than  a  small  hamlet  so  late  as  1725  ;  and 
it  rose  into  consequence,  and  has  con- 
tinued to  prosper,  in  connection  with 
mining  and  manufacture.  It  includes  a 
long,  spacious,  well-built  principal  street ; 
but  it  is  incompact,  and  straggles  into 
suburbs.  It  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  2  railway  stations,  4 
banking  offices,  a  large  hotel,  a  neat  town 
hall,  a  company's  public  hall,  3  Estab- 
lished churches,  4  Free  churches,  2 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  Congrega- 
tional, Evangelical  Union,  Baptist,  Wes- 
leyan,  and  Roman  Catholic  chapels,  3 
public  schools,  2  academies,  and  2 
other  schools,  and  it  publishes  a  weekly 
newspaper.  One  of  its  Established 
churches  was  erected  in  1875,  at  a  cost 
of  about  £6000,  and  contains  about  900 
sittings.  One  of  the  public  schools  was 
erected  in  1876,  at  a  cost  of  about  £8000, 
and  has  accommodation  for  about  800 
scholars.  The  burgh  unites  with  Hamil- 
ton, Lanark,  Falkirk,  and  Linlithgow  in 
sending  a  member  to  Parliament.  Pop. 
13,363. 


AIR 


8 


ALF 


AIRDRIE,  seat  in  Crail  parish,  Fife. 

AIRDS,  peninsula  between  Loch  Linnhe 
and  Loch  Creran,  Argyleshire. 

AIRDS,  bay  of  Loch  Etive,  Muckairn 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

AIRDSMOSS.    See  Aibsmoss. 

AIRI-INNIS,  lake  in  Morvern  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

AIRLEYWIGHT,  seat  in  Auchtergaven 
parish,  Perthshire. 

AIRLIE,  parish  on  west  border  of  For- 
farshire, midway  between  Kirriemuir  and 
Alyth.  Post  town,  Kirriemuir.  Length, 
6  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  4  miles ;  area, 
8923  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£11,092.  Pop.  844.  The  surface  is  partly 
low  ground  within  Strathmore,  and  partly 
a  series  of  ridges,  rising  thence  to  an  ex- 
treme altitude  of  about  510  feet.  Airlie 
Castle,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Airlie, 
stands  in  the  north-west  corner,  crowns 
a  rocky  promontory  at  the  influx  of  Mel- 
gum  rivulet  to  the  Isla,  is  an  elegant 
modern  edifice,  and  retains  vestiges  of  the 
'Bonnie  House  o'  Airlie,'  celebrated  in 
song.  Lindertis  House  and  P>aikie  House 
also  are  modern.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished and  Free ;  and  there  are  2 
public  schools  for  Airlie,  and  another  for 
it  and  part  of  Kirriemuir. 

AIRNTULLY.    See  Arntully. 

AIRSMOSS,  large  morass  between  Auch- 
inleck  and  Muirkirk,  Ayrshire.  It  was 
the  scene  in  1680  of  the  skirmish  in  which 
the  famous  Covenanter  Richard  Cameron 
fell ;  and  it  contains  a  monument  called 
'  Cameron's  Stone.' 

AIRTH,  village  and  parish  in  Carse  dis- 
trict, Stirlingshire.  The  village  stands 
near  the  Forth,  5  miles  north-by-east  of 
Falkirk,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Lar- 
bert.  Pop.  487. — The  parish  contains 
also  Dunmore  village,  and  extends  about 
5  miles  along  the  Forth.  Acres,  5477. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £13,769.  _  Pop. 
1362.  The  surface,  with  exception  of 
two  small  hills,  is  all  low  and  flat,  and 
most  of  it  is  very  fertile.  Airth  Hill  is  a 
circular  eminence  less  than  100  feet  high. 
Airth  Castle  is  an  elegant  modem  man- 
sion, and  was  preceded  by  an  ancient 
tower,  which  figures  in  the  history  of  Sir 
William  Wallace.  Dunmore  House,  the 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Dunmore,  is  a  pro- 
minent feature  ;  and  Higgin's  Nook  and 
Powfoulis  are  other  mansions.  The 
churches  are  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian.  The  schools  are 
4,  with  accommodation  for  466  scholars, 
and  one  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for 
200  are  new. 

AIRTHREY,  mineral  wells  and  an  es- 
tate on  northern  verge  of  Stirlingshire. 
The  wells  are  on  a  height  in  the  eastern 
vicinity  of  Bridge  of  Allan,  are  approached 
thence  by  ornate  walks,  and  have  a  neat 
bath  -  house.  The  estate  belongs  to 
Lord  Abercromby,  comprises  picturesque 
grounds  among  skirts  of  the  Ochil  Hills, 
and  has  a  fine  castellated  mansion. 


AITHSTING,  parish  united  to  Sand- 
sting,  Shetland. 

AIT-SUIDHE-THUIN,  lofty  mountain, 
with  magnificent  view,  at  head  of  Loch 
Portree,  Isle  of  Skye. 

AKERMOOR,  lake,  8  miles  south-west  of 
Selkirk. 

AKERNESS,  tract  in  extreme  north  of 
Westray  Island,  Orkney.  It  has  coast 
cliffs  so  torn  and  pierced  as  to  disport  the 
sea  billows  in  a  manner  similar  to  the 
Bullers  of  Buchan. 

ALAUNA,  quondam  Caledonian  town 
and  Roman  station  on  Allan  river,  near 
boundary  between  Perthshire  and  Stirling- 
shire. 

ALBANY,  originally  all  the  country  of 
the  Scottish  Celts,  afterwards  only  the 
region  now  forming  Breadalbane,  Athole, 
and  parts  of  Lochaber,  Glenorchy,  and 
Appin.  A  dukedom  of  Albany  was 
created  first  for  a  younger  son  of  Robert 
II.,  next  for  the  second  son  of  James  n. 

ALCLUYTH,  <  the  rock  on  the  Clyde,'  or 
Dumbarton  Castle,  as  known  to  the 
Venerable  Bede. 

ALDARDER,  streamlet  running  to  the 
Spey,  in  Knockando  parish,  Elginshire. 

ALDC AMBUS,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
Cockburnspath,  Berwickshire. 

ALDCATHIE,  detached  part  of  Dalmeny 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

ALDERNIE,  affluent  of  the  Fiddich,  in 
Boharm  parish,  Banffshire. 

ALDERSTONE,  seat  in  Haddington 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

ALDHAM,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
Whitekirk,  Haddingtonshire. 

ALDHOUSE,  village  in  East  Kilbride 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

ALDIE,  hamlet,  deserted  baronial  fort- 
alice,  and  estate  in  Fossaway  parish, 
Perthshire. 

ALDOURIE,  seat  and  public  school  in 
Dores  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

ALE,  affluent  of  the  Eye,  between  Ayton 
and  Eyemouth,  Berwickshire. 

ALE,  affluent  of  the  Teviot,  near  An- 
crum,  Roxburghshire. 

ALEMOOR,  lake  in  Roberton  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

ALEXANDRIA,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Vale  of  Leven,  Dumbartonshire. 
The  town  stands  on  Leven  river,  3|  miles 
north  of  Dumbarton  ;  forms  practically  a 
joint  town  with  Bonhill,  separated  from 
it  only  by  the  Leven ;  is  modern,  well- 
built,  and  prosperous ;  conducts  much 
business  in  connection  with  neighbouring 
printfields  and  other  public  works ;  and 
has  a  post  office  with  all  departments 
under  Dumbarton,  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  Congregational,  Wesleyan, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  2 
public  schools  with  about  745  scholars. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  6173;  of  the  quoad 
sacra  parish,  6616. 

ALFORD,  village,  parish,  and  district  in 
south-west  of  Aberdeenshire.   The  village 


ALG 


9 


ALL 


stands  on  the  Don,  at  terminus  of  branch 
railway,  29£  miles  west  -  north  -  west  of 
Aberdeen ;  is  a  scattered  place,  but  a 
centre  of  considerable  business  ;  and  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  under  Aberdeen,  2 
banking  offices,  a  hotel,  Established,  Free, 
and  Episcopalian  churches,  and  a  public 
school.  Pop.  529.  —  The  parish  is 
7  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad.  Acres, 
9102.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8198. 
Pop.  1472.  The  surface  is  partly  the 
western  portion  of  a  vale  10  miles  long, 
including  portions  of  3  other  parishes, 
and  partly  an  engirdling  series  of  hills  and 
mountains.  Less  than  half  is  under  the 
plough,  and  much  of  the  rest  is  moss, 
moor,  and  upland  pasture.  The  mansions 
are  Haughton  and  Breda.  There  are 
3  schools,  with  accommodation  for  292 
scholars. — The  district  comprehends  also 
the  parishes  of  Auchindoir,  Clatt,  Glen- 
bucket,  Keig,  Kildrummy,  Kinnethmont, 
Leochel,  Rhynie,  Strathdon,  Tullynessle, 
Tough,  Towie,  and  the  Aberdeenshire 
part  of  Cabrach. 

ALGUISH,  place,  10  miles  north-west  of 
Garve,  in  Ross-shire. 

ALLACHY,  head-stream  of  the  Tanner, 
Aboyne  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

ALLAN,  river  of  Perthshire  and  Stirling- 
shire, entering  the  Forth  1|  mile  north- 
west of  Stirling. 

ALLAN,  stream,  running  to  the  Teviot 
at  4  miles  south-west  of  Hawick,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

ALLANBANK,  hamlet  on  Whitadder 
water,  in  Edrom  parish,  Berwickshire. 

ALLAN  (BRIDGE  OF).  See  Bkidge  of 
Allan. 

ALLANDER,  river  of  Dumbartonshire 
and  Stirlingshire,  running  to  the  Kelvin  at 
4^  miles  west-south-west  of  Kirkintilloch, 

ALLANMOUTH,  place,  with  remains  of 
Border  peel,  4  miles  south-west  of  Hawick, 
E  oxburghshire. 

ALLANSHAW,  farmhouse,  formerly  an 
important  seat  in  Hamilton  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

ALLANTON,  village  on  the  Whitadder, 
1^  mile  south  of  Chirnside,  Berwickshire. 
It  has  a  Free  church. 

ALLANTON,  village  in  Hamilton  parish, 
Lanarkshire.    Pop.  351. 

ALLANTON,  seat  of  Sir  Henry  J.  S. 
Steuart,  Bart.,  3J  miles  east-north-east 
of  Wishaw,  Lanarkshire.  It  is  mainly 
modern,  but  includes  an  old  castle. 

ALLANTON,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Galston  parish,  Ayrshire. 

ALLANTON,  burn,  entering  the  Nith 
near  Auldgirth  Bridge,  Dumfriesshire. 

ALLARDYCE,  estate,  with  ruined  ancient 
mansion,  in  Arbuthnot  parish,  Kincardine- 
shire. 

ALLEAN,  seat  on  lower  part  of  the 
Tummel,  Perthshire. 

ALLEN,  stream,  running  6  miles  south- 
ward to  the  Tweed,  at  If  mile  west-north- 
west of  Melrose,  Roxburghshire.    Its  vale 


is  the  Glendearg  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Monastery. 

ALLERMUIR,  a  summit  of  the  Pentland 
Hills,  1617  feet  high,  5  miles  south-by- 
west  of  Edinburgh. 

ALLNESS.    See  Alness. 

ALLOA,  town  and  parish  in  Clackmannan- 
shire. The  town  stands  on  the  Forth,  7 
miles  east  of  Stirling  ;  has  railway  com- 
munication towards  the  four  points  of  the 
compass,  is  a  head  port,  a  seat  of  manu- 
facture, a  police  burgh,  and  the  political 
capital  of  Clackmannanshire  ;  dates  from 
ancient  times,  but  has  few  marks  of 
antiquity,  and  few  associations  with 
history  ;  shows  well-built  modern  streets 
and  some  elegant  outskirts,  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
junction  railway  station,  a  ferry  nexus 
with  South  Alloa  railway  station,  4 
banking  offices,  4  hotels,  a  county  court- 
house of  1865,  an  archaeological  hall 
of  1874,  a  steepled  Established  church  of 
1819,  2  Free  churches,  2  United  Pres- 
byterian churches,  a  Baptist  church  of 
1881,  an  Episcopalian  church,  a  Sweden- 
borgian  church,  a  burgh  school  of  1876,  a 
beautiful  small  academy,  and  a  new  dock, 
formed  in  1879-81.  Its  shipping  in  1879 
comprised  776  British  vessels,  of  95,900 
tons,  and  291  foreign  vessels,  of  46,281 
tons,  inwards  ;  and  755  British  vessels,  of 
93,260  tons,  and  298  foreign  vessels,  of 
51,866  tons,  outwards.  Alloa  Tower,  on 
its  east  side,  was  the  seat  of  the  Earls  of 
Mar,  dated  from  the  13th  century,  was 
burnt  in  1800,  and  is  now  a  thick-walled 
shell,  89  feet  high.  Alloa  Park  House, 
eastward  of  the  tower,  is  the  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Mar  and  Kellie,  an  ornate  hollow 
quadrangle,  185  feet  by  120.  Pop.  of 
the  police  burgh,  8812 ;  of  the  town, 
including  New  Sauchie  suburb,  10,591. — 
The  parish  excludes  New  Sauchie,  but  in- 
cludes Tullibody  village  and  2  islands,  and 
is  averagely  4  miles  long.  Acres,  5499. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £55,330.  Pop. 
11,638.  The  part  adjacent  to  the  Forth  is 
rich  carse,  and  the  rest  is  a  fertile  diversi- 
fied assemblage  of  vales,  rising  grounds, 
and  small  hills.  There  are  10  schools 
for  2022  scholars,  and  one  of  them  and  a 
class-room  for  450  are  new. 

ALLOA  (SOUTH),  place,  with  dock  and 
railway  station,  on  right  bank  of  the  Forth, 
opposite  Alloa.  The  dock  was  projected 
in  1875  by  a  company  with  large  capital. 

ALLOWAY,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
church,  2f  miles  south  of  Ayr.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  river  Doon  ;  and  it  com- 
prises, on  the  right  side,  an  old  parish  of 
Alio  way,  which  became  annexed  to  Ayr  ; 
on  the  left  side,  part  of  the  parish  of  May- 
bole.  Pop.  of  the  Ayr  part,  486  ;  of  the 
Maybole  part,  421.  The  new  church  was 
erected  in  1858.  The  old  church,  which 
served  for  the  old  civil  parish,  stands  in 
the  near  vicinity  of  the  new,  is  a  small, 
plain,  roofless  ruin,  and  has  much  celebrity 
as  the  scene  of  the  fiend  revelry  in  Burns' 


ALM 


10 


ALV 


Tarn  o'  Shanter.  The  '  Auld  Brig  o'  Doon, ' 
figuring  also  in  Tarn  o'  Shanter,  a  new- 
bridge  erected  since  Burns'  time,  a  cyclo- 
style monument  to  Burns,  erected  in  1820, 
and  a  neat  inn,  called  Burns',  are  in  the 
same  vicinity  :  and  Burns'  cottage,  where 
the  poet  was  born,  is  about  f  mile  to  the 
north,  and  was  purchased  in  September 
1880  for  £4000,  to  be  converted  into  a 
Burns'  museum. 

ALMAGILL,  hill,  with  ancient  Caledonian 
camp  and  extensive  view,  in  Dalton  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

ALMERICLOSS,  seat  in  St.  Yigeans 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

ALMOND,  river,  running  25  miles  north- 
eastward to  Firth  of  Forth,  between  Lin- 
lithgowshire and  Edinburghshire. 

ALMOND,  river,  running  22  miles  east- 
ward to  the  Tay,  at2|miles  north  of  Perth. 

ALMOND  BANK,  village  on  the  Almond, 
4  miles  north-west  of  Perth.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Perth,  and  a  railway 
station.    Pop.  317. 

ALMOND  CASTLE,  ruined  grand  edifice 
on  the  left  side  of  the  Avon,  5J  miles 
east-south-east  of  Falkirk.  It  dates  from 
the  time  of  James  in.,  and  was  often  held 
for  the  crown  by  the  Earls  of  Linlithgow. 

ALMONDDALE.    See  Amondell. 

ALNESS,  river,  town,  and  parish  in 
east  side  of  Boss-shire.  The  river  runs 
14  miles  eastward  and  south-eastward  to 
Cromarty  Firth,  at  about  10  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Dingwall,  and  it  forms  the 
boundary  between  Alness  and  Bosskeen 
parishes. — The  town  stands  on  the  river, 
near  its  mouth,  adjacent  to  the  Highland 
Kailway ;  consists  of  Alness  proper,  in 
Alness  parish,  and  Alness  Bridge  or 
Bridgend  of  Alness,  in  Bosskeen  parish, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  under  Inver- 
ness, a  railway  station,  a  banking  office, 
an  Established  church,  a  Free  church, 
and  2  public  schools.  Pop.  of  Alness 
proper,  about  202 ;  of  Alness  Bridge,  942. 
— The  parish  measures  about  20  miles  in 
length,  and  about  5  miles  in  mean  breadth. 
Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £8531.  Pop.1033. 
The  tract  adjacent  to  the  firth  is  mostly 
flat,  arable,  and  embellished ;  but  the  other 
parts  are  hilly  or  mountainous,  and  exten- 
sively barren.  Novar  House,  in  the  lower 
part,  is  a  fine  feature ;  and  2 lakes  and  Ault- 
grande  burn  richly  diversify  the  uplands. 
There  are  3  schools  for  191  scholars,  and  2  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  131  are  new. 

ALNWICK  LODGE,  collier  village  in 
Irvine  parish,  Ayrshire. 

ALTACHOYLACHAN,  burn  in  Glenlivet, 
Banffshire.  The  battle  of  1594,  commonly 
called  the  battle  of  Glenlivet,  was  fought 
on  its  banks. 

ALTANDOW,  hamlet  in  Lochbroom 
parish,  Boss-shire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  86  scholars. 

ALTASS,  place  4£  miles  from  Invershin, 
on  south  border  of  Sutherland.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Ardgay. 


ALTAVAIG,  low,  flat  islet,  with  site  of 
ancient  chapel,  off  north-east  coast  of  Skye. 

ALTBEA,  place,  with  pleasant  small  bay, 
on  east  side  of  Loch  Ewe,  Boss -shire. 

ALTDOURAN,  romantic  glen  in  Leswalt 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

ALTENS,  fishing  harbour  in  Nigg  parish, 
Kincar  din  eshire. 

ALTIMARLACH,  burn,  entering  Wick 
river  3  miles  west  of  Wick,  Caithness. 
The  notable  conflict  between  the  Campbells 
and  the  Sinclairs,  in  1680,  was  fought  on 
its  banks. 

ALTMORE,  hill-ridge,  5  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Buckie,  Banffshire. 

ALTMORE,  burn,  entering  the  Isla  1| 
mile  east  of  Keith,  Banffshire. 

ALTNABREAC,  place  with  post  office 
under  Wick,  and  with  railway  station,  274- 
miles  west-south-west  of  Wick,  Caithness. 

ALTNACH,  affluent  of  the  Aven,  near 
Tomantoul,  Banffshire. 

ALTNAHARRA,  place  near  head  of  Loch 
Naver,  21  miles  north  of  Lairg,  Sutherland. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Lairg,  an  inn, 
and  a  Free  church. 

ALTNARIE,  upland  affluent  of  the  Find- 
horn,  with  grand  cascade,  in  Ardclach 
parish,  Nairnshire. 

ALTON,  village  in  Loudoun  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

ALTRIVE,  farm,  1|-  mile  south-east  of 
foot  of  St.  Mary's  Loch,  Selkirkshire.  It 
was  the  last  residence  of  Hogg,  the  Ettrick 
Shepherd. 

ALTYRE,  old  parish,  now  part  of  Baff  ord, 
Elginshire.  Altyre  mansion  here  is  the 
seat  of  Sir  William  G.  Cumming,  Bart.  ; 
and  Altyre  burn  is  a  head-stream  of  Forres 
river. 

ALVA,  town  and  parish  forming  detached 
part  of  Stirlingshire.  The  town  stands  on 
low  flat  ground,  at  terminus  of  branch 
railway,  adjacent  to  acclivities  of  the 
Ochil  Hills,  7  miles  east-north-east  of 
Stirling  ;  extends  about  f  mile  across  the 
entrance  of  a  romantic  glen  of  its  own 
name ;  carries  on  woollen  manufacture, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  under  Stirling, 
2  banking  offices,  a  town  hall,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  a  public  school  of  1876,  with 
accommodation  for  more  than  700  scholars. 
Pop.  4961. — The  parish  measures  about  4^ 
by  2J  miles,  and  comprises  5458  acres. 
Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £13,971.  Pop. 
5113.  The  southern  part  is  low  and  fertile, 
and  the  other  parts  are  a  portion  of  the 
Ochils,  enclosing  Alva  Glen.  That  glen  is 
a  cul  de  sac  about  3  miles  long  ;  contains 
the  mansion  and  grounds  of  Alva  House  ; 
exhibits  striking  features  of  ravine,  cliff, 
and  waterfall ;  and  is  overhung  at  the 
head  by  Bencleuch,  the  loftiest  of  the 
Ochils.  There  are  4  schools,  with  ac- 
commodation for  934  scholars. 

ALV  AH,  parish  on  north-east  border  of 
Banffshire,  midway  between  Banff  and 
Turriff.    Post  town,  Banff.    Length  and 


ALY  11 


greatest  breadth,  each  about  6  miles ; 
area,  11,488  acres.  Keal  property  in 
1880-81,  £9712.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1356; 
quoad  sacra,  1187.  The  river  Deveron 
traces  most  of  the  north-eastern  boundary, 
and  traverses  there  a  romantic  chasm 
spanned  by  a  noble  bridge.  Much  of  the 
land  adjacent  to  the  river  is  alluvial,  but 
much  of  the  rest  is  hilly,  and  part  of  it 
barren.  There  are  2  public  schools, 
one  of  them  for  females  only,  and  they 
have  about  52  and  49  scholars. 

ALVES,  hamlet  and  parish  in  north-west 
of  Elginshire.  The  hamlet  lies  5|  miles 
west  of  Elgin,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Forres,  and  a  railway  station.  The  parish 
includes  about  a  mile  of  coast,  and  is  about 
6j  miles  long  and  5|  miles  broad.  Acres, 
9404.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £8992. 
Pop.  1117.  The  surface  presents  a  pleasant 
diversity  of  dale  and  hill.  The  Knock, 
on  the  east  border,  is  crowned  by  a  modern 
tower,  commands  an  extensive  view,  and 
is  traditionally  associated  with  the  story 
of  Macbeth  and  the  witches.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free  ;  and  the  public 
school  is  a  new  building,  with  accommoda- 
tion for  200  scholars. 

ALVIE,  parish  in  Badenoch  district, 
Inverness-shire.  It  contains  the  post  office 
of  Lynwilg,  under  Aviemore,  and  the  rail- 
way station  of  Kincraig.  Its  extreme 
length  is  upwards  of  20  miles,  and  its 
area  is  86,618  acres.  Eeal  property  in 
1880-81,  £8561.  Pop.  707.  The  surface 
is  bisected  by  the  Spey,  includes  part  of 
that  river's  strath,  averagely  about  650  feet 
above  sea-level,  and  extends  on  one  side 
to  one  of  the  loftiest  summits  of  the 
Central  Grampians,  on  the  other  side  to 
mountain  summits  considerably  lower. 
Loch  Alvie,  in  the  strath,  measures  about 
3  miles  in  circuit ;  and  Tor  Alvie,  adjacent 
to  that  lake,  is  a  lofty  crag  surmounted 
by  a  monumental  cairn.  Other  chief 
features  are  Kinrara,  a  seat  of  the  Duke 
of  Richmond ;  and  Belleville,  built  by 
'  Ossian '  Macpherson,  on  site  of  an  ancient 
stronghold  of  the  Comyns.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free  ;  and  the  public 
school  is  a  new  building,  with  accommoda- 
tion for  150  scholars. 

ALYTH,  town  on  east  border  of  Perth- 
shire, and  parish,  partly  also  on  west 
border  of  Forfarshire.  The  town  stands 
on  a  burn  of  its  own  name,  at  terminus  of 
branch  railway,  5£  miles  north-west  of 
Alyth  Junction  and  5  north-east  of  Blair- 
gowrie, carries  on  woollen  and  linen 
manufacture,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Meigle,  3  banking  offices,  an 
Established  Norman  church  of  1839, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and  Episcopal 
churches,  and  2  public  schools  with 
about  238  scholars.  Pop.  2377.  —  The 
parish  is  about  15  miles  long,  and  com- 
prises 19,972  acres  in  Perthshire,  and 
3324  in  Forfarshire.  Eeal  property  in 
1880-81  of  the  Perthshire  part,  £23,766 ;  of 


AND 


the  Forfarshire  part,  £1296.  Pop.  3521. 
A  tract  of  about  15  square  miles  is.  part  of 
Strathmore,  low  and  fertile,  and  the  other 
tracts  ascend  thence  toward  the  Grampians, 
and  are  variously  cultivated  ground,  moor, 
moss,  and  mountain.  Chief  objects  are 
Mount  Blair  Mountain,  King's  Seat  Hill, 
Sir  James  H.  Earn  say's  seat  of  Bamff 
House,  Balhary  and  Jordanstone  mansions, 
Inverquiech  Castle  ruins,  and  a  notable 
Pictish  entrenchment.  There  are  4 
schools  for  562  scholars,  and  one  of  them, 
for  300,  is  new. 

ALYTH  JUNCTION,  railway  station,  24J 
miles  north-east  of  Perth. 

AMISFIELD,  village,  5  miles  north-east 
of  Dumfries.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Dumfries,  and  a  railway  station.  Amisfield 
House  and  Tower  stand  in  the  vicinity,  and 
the  latter  is  a  remarkably  interesting  old 
baronial  fortalice. 

AMISFIELD,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Wemyss,  on  the  Tyne,  about  a  mile  east 
of  Haddington. 

AMONDELL,  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Buchan, 
on  Almond  river,  in  Uphall  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

AMPLE,  stream,  running  northward  to 
head  of  Loch  Earn,  Perthshire.  It  makes 
a  fine  cascade  adjacent  to  Edinample 
House. 

AMULREE,  village,  on  river  Bran,  10  miles 
south-west  of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Dunkeld,  an  inn,  a 
quoad  sacra  parish  church  for  a  pop.  of  458, 
a  Free  church  station,  and  a  public  school. 

ANCRUM,  village  and  parish,  near  centre 
of  Eoxburghshire.  The  village  stands  on 
Ale  river,  near  Ancrum  bridge,  on  the 
Teviot,  3|  miles  north-north-west  of 
Jedburgh  ;  is  near  the  site  of  an  ancient 
Caledonian  fort ;  had  a  monastery  of  the 
time  of  David  I.  and  a  large  establishment 
of  the  knights  of  Malta,  and  now  has  a 
post  office  under  Jedburgh,  an  ancient 
cross,  a  parochial  church,  a  Free  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  144  scholars. 
Pop.  430.  —  The  parish  is  6  miles  long, 
and  comprises  10,295  acres.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £15,586.  Pop.  1360.  The 
surface  is  pleasantly  diversified,  and  in- 
cludes considerable  eminences,  but  is 
nowhere  hilly.  The  river  Teviot  traces 
all  the  south-eastern  boundary,  and  the 
Ale  runs  through  the  centre,  and  has  a 
reach  of  rocky  banks  pierced  with  numer- 
ous artificial  caves.  Ancrum  Moor,  on 
the  north-east  border,  was  the  scene  of  a 
battle  between  the  Scotch  and  the  English 
in  1545.  Ancrum  House,  in  vicinity  of 
the  village,  is  the  seat  of  Sir  "William 
Scott,  Bart. ,  and  was  a  fine  old  baronial 
mansion,  but  suffered  such  utter  destruc- 
tion by  fire  in  1873  as  to  require  being 
rebuilt.  Chesters  House,  on  the  Teviot, 
is  another  fine  seat. 

ANDERSTON,  south-western  suburb  of 
Glasgow.  It  lies  averagely  about  a  mile 
west-south-west  of  the  Eoyal  Exchange,  is 
bounded  by  St.  Yincent  Street,  Macalpine 


AND 


12 


AND 


Street,  the  river  Clyde,  and  Finnieston ; 
extends  about  3|  furlongs  from  north  to 
south,  and  about  5  furlongs  from  east  to 
west ;  embraces  an  important  section  of 
the  harbour;  contains  many  factories, 
foundries,  and.  other  industrial  establish- 
ments, and  presents  for  the  most  part 
a  dingy  appearance,  very  different  from 
that  of  adjacent  places.  It  was  originally 
a  weavers'  village,  founded  in  1725 ;  it 
became  a  considerable  town,  with  the 
status  of  a  burgh  of  barony ;  it  was  long 
separated  from  the  outskirts  of  Glasgow 
by  a  wide  rural  tract,  and  it  was  even- 
tually overtaken  and  engirt  by  the  city's 
westward  extension,  and  included  in  Glas- 
gow municipal  burgh.  It  has  tramway 
communication  with  all  parts  of  the  city, 
and  it  contains  several  ornamental 
churches,  a  number  of  other  churches, 
and  a  very  large  public  school.  Pop.  of 
Anderston  quoad  sacra  parish,  7273;  of 
registration  district,  38,753. 

ANDREW  (ST.),  parish,  with  Established 
and  Free  churches,  in  New  Town  of  Edin- 
burgh.   Pop.  2963. 

ANDREW  (ST.),  parish,  with  Established 
and  Free  churches,  in  east  of  Glasgow. 
Pop.  quoad  sacra,  5221. 

ANDREWS  (ST.),  city  and  parish  on  east 
coast  of  Fife.  The  city  stands  at  terminus 
of  branch  railway,  45  miles  north-by-east 
of  Edinburgh ;  ranks  as  a  royal  and 
parliamentary  burgh,  a  university  town, 
a  nominal  seaport,  and  a  fashionable 
summer  resort ;  occupies  a  rocky  plateau 
about  50  feet  above  sea-level ;  overlooks  a 
wide  unsheltered  expansion  of  the  Eden's 
estuary,  called  St.  Andrews  Bay ;  adjoins 
a  large  extent  of  links  or  downs,  famous 
for  the  game  of  golf  ;  looks  landward  over 
a  low,  flat,  fertile  country,  screened  at 
some  miles'  distance  by  gentle  hills,  and 
presents  a  striking  appearance  as  seen  at 
a  little  distance,  and  a  very  suggestive 
one  as  seen  within  its  own  thoroughfares. 
It  dates  from  about  the  Culdee  times ;  it 
got  its  name  of  St.  Andrews  from  a  fiction 
that  some  bones  of  the  Apostle  Andrew 
were'  brought  to  it  by  an  ancient  ecclesi- 
astic; it  figured  long  and  powerfully  as 
the  Canterbury  of  Scotland ;  it  was  the 
scene  of  martyrdoms,  commotions,  and 
events  of  national  import  in  the  times  of 
the  Reformation  ;  it  figured  also  in  politi- 
cal matters  of  the  highest  consequence  at 
various  periods,  from  that  of  Robert  Bruce 
till  that  of  James  VI. ;  it  passed  eventually 
into  prolonged  neglect  and  decay,  till  most 
of  its  historical  splendour  became  lost  in 
mere  ruins  and  memory,  and  it  underwent 
such  modern  revival  as  has  rendered  it  a 
pleasant  and  prosperous  resort  of  literary 
men,  students,  wealthy  annuitants,  and 
summer  residents. 

The  town  comprises  regular,  well-built 
thoroughfares,  3  principal  old  streets, 
and  a  number  of  handsome  modern  ex- 
tensions ;  includes  great  public  buildings, 
and  grand,  picturesque,  historical  ruins  ; 


has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
4  banking  offices,  3  hotels,  and  a  number 
of  boarding  and  educational  estab- 
lishments, and  publishes  2  weekly  news- 
papers. The  old  town  hall  has  been 
renovated,  and  contains  curious  relics. 
The  new  town  hall  was  erected  in  1858-59, 
and  is  well  suited  for  public  assemblies. 
The  Martyrs'  Monument  was  erected  in 
1842,  and  is  45  feet  high.  Trinity  Church, 
erected  in  12th  century,  was  the  scene  of 
some  of  John  Knox's  heaviest  blows  at 
Romanism,  and  underwent  repair  in  1798. 
St.  Leonard's  Church  was  originally  St. 
Salvator's  Chapel,  erected  in  15th  century, 
and  contains  a  magnificent  monument  of 
its  founder,  Bishop  Kennedy.  Other 
churches  are  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
Congregational,  Baptist,  and  Episcopalian. 
The  University  Library  was  erected  in 
1764,  on  the  site  of  a  parliament  house. 
St.  Mary's  College  was  founded  in  1537, 
forms  two  sides  of  a  quadrangle,  and  is 
used  for  only  the  divinity  classes.  The 
United  College  comprises  St.  Salvator's, 
founded  in  1455,  St.  Leonard's,  founded  in 
1512,  united  in  1747  ;  forms  also  two  sides 
of  a  quadrangle,  and  is  entered  by  an 
archway  through  the  basement  of  a  lofty 
steeple.  The  number  of  matriculated 
students  in  1880  was  187.  The  Madras 
College,  for  secondary  education,  was 
erected  in  1832,  comprises  an  open  quad- 
rangle, and  has  accommodation  for  more 
than  1000  pupils.  4  other  schools  are 
in  the  burgh,  and  the  5  have  aggregately 
accommodation  for  2008  scholars.  The 
Castle  was  erected  towards  the  end  of 
14th  century,  succeeded  a  previous  strong 
structure  of  about  the  beginning  of  the 
13th  century,  served  as  both  a  fortress  and 
a  palace,  was  destroyed  in  connection  with 
the  events  of  the  Reformation,  and  is  now 
represented  chiefly  by  a  tower  and  part  of 
a  wall.  The  Cathedral  was  founded  in 
1162,  completed  in  1318,  and  destroyed  in 
1559,  was  a  cruciform  edifice  of  370  feet 
from  east  to  west  and  180  feet  from 
north  to  south,  and  is  now  represented 
by  only  the  east  end,  half  of  the  west 
end,  and  part  of  the  south  walls.  St. 
Rule's  Chapel  is  one  of  the  oldest 
ecclesiastical  structures  in  Scotland,  and, 
though  long  a  ruin,  still  shows  a  well- 
preserved  portion  of  a  very  small  church, 
with  a  tower  108  feet  high.  The  Augus- 
tine Monastery,  long  one  of  the  grandest  in 
Europe,  is  now  almost  entirely  extinct.  The 
Dominican  Monastery  is  still  represented 
by  a  fine  fragment  of  arched  roof.  St. 
Andrews  unites  with  6  other  Fife  burghs 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament.  A 
railway  to  Anstruther  was  begun  to  be 
formed  in  1881.  Pop.  of  the  parliamen- 
tary burgh,  6452. 

The  parish  excludes  the  St.  Leonards 
part  of  the  town,  but  includes  Strath- 
kinness  and  Boarhills  villages,  and  it 
measures  9  miles  in  length  and  less  than 
3  miles  in  greatest  breadth.   Acres,  11,482. 


AND 


13 


ANS 


Real  property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£25,250.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 7829;  quoad 
sacra,  6709.  The  river  and  estuary  of 
Eden  form  the  northern  boundary ;  the 
coast  thence  to  the  city  is  firm  sandy 
beach,  skirted  by  the  famous  links,  and 
the  coast  thence  to  the  southern  boundary 
is  mostly  rugged  and  rocky.  Much  of  the 
interior  is  low  flat  land,  and  the  rest  is 
mostly  low  hill  or  moor.  The  seats  are 
numerous.  3  schools,  with  accom- 
modation for  395  scholars,  serve  for  the 
landward  parts  of  both  this  parish  and 
St.  Leonards. 

ANDREWS  (ST.),  parish  on  east  side  of 
Pomona,  Orkney.  It  extends  from  the 
eastern  boundary  of  Kirkwall  parish  to 
the  sea,  includes  the  islands  of  Copinshay 
and  Kirkholm,  and  has  an  area  of  about 
13  square  miles.  Post  town,  Kirkwall. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £2063.  Pop. 
1695.  The  land  is  mostly  flat,  but  has 
diversities  of  surface,  and  rises  nowhere 
higher  than  about  350  feet.  The  coast 
includes  both  sandy  beach  and  precipitous 
rock,  and  has  a  large  sea  cavern.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free.  St. 
Andrews  and  Deerness  parishes  are  in 
some  respects  united,  and  they  have  3  new 
public  schools  for  290  scholars. 

ANDREWS-LHANBRYDE  (ST.),  village 
and  parish  in  Elginshire.  The  village 
stands  4  miles  south-east  of  Elgin,  and  has 
a  post  office,  of  the  name  of  Lhanbryde, 
under  Elgin.  Pop.  294.  The  parish  contains 
also  a  small  suburb  of, Elgin.  Acres,  9197. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £7894.  Pop.  1396. 
The  land  is  a  plain  diversified  with  small 
hills,  and  has  mostly  a  sandy  but  fertile 
soil.    There  are  3  schools  for  258  scholars. 

ANDUNTY,  lake  in  Petty  parish,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

ANGELS  HILL,  eminence,  with  small 
cairn  and  small  stone  circle,  in  Iona  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

ANGUS,  Forfarshire. 

ANKER VILLE,  village  in  Nigg  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

ANNAN,  river,  town,  and  parish  in 
Annandale,  Dumfriesshire.  The  river 
rises  among  the  Hartfell  Mountains,  runs 
about  30  miles  southward  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  Solway  Firth  ;  receives  Evan, 
Moffat,  Kinnel,  Dryfe,  Milk,  and  Mein 
waters,  and  is  notable  for  both  the 
kinds  and  the  qualities  of  its  fish. — The 
town  stands  on  the  river  about  a  mile 
from  the  Solway,  and  on  the  Glasgow  and 
South-Western  and  the  Solway  Junction 
Railways,  15J miles  south-east  of  Dumfries; 
ranks  as  a  royal  and  parliamentary  burgh, 
covers  ground  which  may  have  been 
occupied  by  a  Roman  station,  was  an 
important  post  of  the  Romanized  Britons 
and  of  their  successors  till  the  time  of 
William  the  Lion,  made  a  great  figure  in 
the  wars  of  the  Succession  and  in  the 
Border  forays,  had  a  grand  strong  castle 
of  Robert  Bruce  and  military  defences  of 
wall  and  fosse  ;  is  now  a  well-built  town 


of  modern  aspect,  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  2  railway  stations, 
3  banking  offices,  a  chief  hotel,  a  fine 
town  hall  of  1878,  a  new  water  supply  of 
1881,  a  steepled  Established  church,  Free 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  Con- 
gregational, Episcopalian,  and  Roman 
Catholic  chapels,  2  large  public  schools, 
and  a  mechanics'  institute  ;  and  unites 
with  Dumfries,  Lochmaben,  Sanquhar, 
and  Kirkcudbright  in  sending  a  member 
to  Parliament.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
exclusive  of  railways,  £10,805.  Pop. 
of  parliamentary  burgh,  3368. — The  parish 
contains  also  the  village  of  Annan- Water- 
foot,  and  part  of  the  village  of  Bridekirk, 
and  is  8  miles  long.  Acres,  10,915.  Real 
property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£15,801.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  5516;  quoad 
sacra,  4936.  The  coast  is  flat  and  tame, 
but  the  interior  is  diversified  by  swells, 
3  low  parallel  ridges,  and  3  small 
hills.  The  seats  are  Mount  Annan, 
Warmanbie,  and  Northfield.  The  town 
public  schools  are  the  quondam  aca- 
demy and  2  parochial,  with  about  140 
and  29  scholars  ;  and  the  landward  schools 
are  2,  with  accommodation  for  302  scholars. 

ANNANDALE,  basin  of  river  Annan. .  It 
begins  with  a  mountain  glen  about  5  miles 
long,  forms  then  the  vast  hollow  of  the 
Deil's  Beef-Tub,  and  is  thence  to  the 
firth  a  beautiful,  fertile,  hill-screened 
valley,  called  the  How  of  Annandale, 
partly  from  15  to  18  miles  wide.  It  con- 
tained strong  posts  of  the  Romans ;  be- 
came the  property  and  lordship  of  the 
royal  Bruces,  passed  to  the  Earl  of  Moray, 
the  Earls  of  Dunbar,  and  the  Earls  of 
Douglas,  and  gave  the  title  of  earl  from 
1643,  and  of  marquis  from  1701  till  1792, 
to  the  Johnstones. 

ANNAN-WATERFOOT,  port  of  Annan 
town,  at  mouth  of  Annan  river. 

ANNAT,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Kilchrenan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

ANNAT,  small  affluent  of  the  Teith,  near 
Doune,  Perthshire.  It  has  numerous 
cascades. 

ANNBANK,  town,  5  miles  east-by-north 
of  Ayr.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Kilmarnock,  a 
railway  station,  and  an  Established 
church.    Pop.  1309. 

ANNICK,  river,  running  about  14  miles 
south-westward  to  the  Irvine,  near  Irvine 
town,  Ayrshire. 

ANNICK  LODGE,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Irvine  parish,  Ayrshire. 

ANNIESLAND,  village  in  Renfrew  parish, 
Renfrewshire.    Pop.  440. 

ANNISTON,  seat  in  Inverkeilor  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

ANN'S  BRIDGE  (ST. ),  picturesque  locality 
on  Kinnel  river,  13  miles  north-north-east 
of  Dumfries. 

ANOCH,  place  near  head  of  Glenmoris- 
ton,  Inverness-shire. 

ANSTRUTHER,  seaport  town  and  2 
parishes    on   south-east   coast   of  Fife. 


ANT 


14 


ARA 


The  town  stands  at  terminus  of  the 
East  of  Fife  Kailway,  23f  miles  east-north- 
east of  Kirkcaldy  ;  comprises  the  royal 
burgh  of  Anstruther-Wester,  the  royal 
burgh  of  Anstruther  -  Easter,  and  the 
suburb  of  Cellardyke,  or  main  part  of  the 
royal  burgh  of  Kilrenny ;  forms  one  con- 
tinuous town,  with  slender  breadth,  along 
the  coast ;  has  a  head  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
3  banking  offices,  a  town  hall  of  1872, 
elaborate  harbour  works  begun  in  1866, 
and  costing  upwards  of  £60,000  till  1874, 
a  notable  and  very  ancient  Established 
church,  another  Established  church, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Evangelical 
Union,  and  Baptist  churches,  a  public 
school  with  about  340  scholars,  and  3 
other  public  schools;  figures  notably  in 
Dr.  Tennant's  Anster  Fair,  and  was  the 
birth-place  of  Maggie  Lauder  and  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Chalmers.  A  railway  to  St. 
Andrews  was  begun  to  be  formed  in  1881. 
The  burghs  unite  with  4  other  Fife 
burghs  in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament. 
Pop.  of  Anstruther-Wester,  594  ;  of  An- 
struther-Easter,  1349  ;  of  Kilrenny,  2769. 
■ — The  parishes  are  Anstruther-Wester  and 
Anstruther-Easter.  Acres,  911  and  25. 
Real  property  in  1880-81  of  landward  part 
of  Anstruther-Wester,  £1664.  Pop.  of  all 
Anstruther-Wester,  683. 

ANTERMONY,  hamlet  and  seat  in 
Campsie  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

ANTONINUS'  WALL,  quondam  Roman 
rampart,  from  Carriden  on  Firth  of  Forth 
to  a  point  near  Old  Kilpatrick  on  the 
Clyde.  It  was  nearly  36|  miles  long.  It 
comprised  a  wall  24  feet  thick  and  20  feet 
high,  and  a  north-side  fosse  40  feet  wide 
and  20  feet  deep.  It  had  3  forts  at 
each  end,  and  15  forts  at  regular  in- 
termediate distances,  and  it  has  yielded 
many  interesting  relics,  but  has  left  very 
few  and  slight  vestiges  in  situ. 

ANWOTH,  village  and  parish  on  south- 
west seaboard  of  Kirkcudbrightshire. 
The  village  stands  on  the  Fleet  opposite 
Gatehouse,  and  is  suburban  to  that  town. 
Pop.  337. — The  parish  includes  the  pen- 
insula between  Fleet  Bay  and  Wigton 
Bay,  and  is  about  miles  long.  Acres, 
11,774.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6797. 
Pop.  728.  The  coast  is  mostly  flat,  but 
partly  rocky,  and  has  2  large  caves. 
The  interior  is  tumulated  in  the  south 
and  centre,  and  bold  and  barren  in  the 
north.  The  seats  are  Cardoness,  Ardwall, 
Kirkclauch,  and  Rusco.  The  present 
parochial  church  is  modern,  and  contains 
400  sittings.  The  previous  church,  a 
barn-like  building,  was  served  by  the 
celebrated  Samuel  Rutherford,  and  is  still 
standing.  A  granite  obelisk  to  Ruther- 
ford's memory  was  erected  in  1842, 
destroyed  by  lightning  in  1847,  and  rebuilt 
in  1851,  and  makes  a  conspicuous  figure  on 
a  neighbouring  hill.  A  United  Presby- 
terian church  is  in  the  village,  but  takes 
designation  from  Gatehouse.     There  are 


3  schools  for  235  scholars,  and  one  of 
them,  for  70,  is  new. 

APP,  stream  of  Glenapp,  Ballantrae 
parish,  Ayrshire.  It  runs  south-westward 
to  Loch  Ryan. 

APPIN,  village  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  north  of  Argyleshire.  The  village 
stands  on  a  bay  of  its  own  name  on  south- 
east side  of  Loch  Linnhe,  12  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Oban,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Fort-William. — The  parish 
was  constituted  in  1868  ;  is  part  of  an  old 
parish  of  Appin,  now  united  to  Lismore  ; 
measures  about  18  miles  by  12,  and  ex- 
hibits much  diversity  and  picturesqueness 
of  landscape.  Pop.  762.  Appin  House, 
on  the  coast,  is  a  fine  mansion.  '  A  land 
that  was  famous  of  yore,  the  land  of 
green  Appin,'  is  sung  in  Hogg's  ballad, 
entitled,  'The  Stuarts  of  Appin.'  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free,  and 
the  public  school  has  about  87  scholars. 

APPIN,  vale  on  left  side  of  the  Tay, 
near  Aberfeldy,  Perthshire. 

APPIN,  hill,  with  large  cairn,  in  Tynron 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

APPIN,  estate  in  Dunfermline  parish,Fif  e. 
APPLEBY,  lake  in  Glasserton  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

APPLEGROSS,  hamlet,  vale,  and  parish 
on  south-west  coast  of  Ross-shire.  The 
hamlet  lies  on  a  bay  of  its  own  name,  14 
miles  north-by-west  of  Kyleakin ;  has  a 
post  office  under  Dingwall,  an  Established 
church,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  83  scholars,  and  had  anciently 
a  Culdee  cell,  followed  by  a  famous 
Romish  church,  now  represented  by  a 
curiously-sculptured  small  obelisk.  The 
vale  lies  around  the  hamlet,  and  is  over- 
hung by  lofty  sandstone  mountains  with 
grand  views.  The  parish  includes  Kis- 
horn,  Oroulin,  and  Ba  islands,  and 
measures  on  the  mainland  about  20  miles 
by  20.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4415. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2354;  quoad,  sacra, 
949.  The  surface,  with  small  exception, 
is  mountainous  and  bleak.  There  are  10 
schools  for  476  scholars,  and  8  of  them, 
for  383,  are  new. 

APPLEGARTH,parish,  containing  Nether- 
cleugh  and  Dinwoodie  railway  stations, 
in  centre  of  Annandale,  Dumfriesshire. 
Post  town,  Lockerby.  Length,  about  6 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  about  5  miles  ; 
area,  11,869  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £11,979.  Pop.  969.  The  river 
Annan  traces  all  the  western  boundary, 
and  the  Dryfe  traverses  the  interior. 
More  than  half  of  the  land  is  low  plain, 
and  the  rest  is  hilly.  Jardine  Hall,  the 
seat  of  Sir  Alexander  Jardine,  Bart.,  is  a 
chief  feature  ;  and  Balgray  and  Hook  are 
other  mansions.  There  are  2  public 
schools,  with  about  105  scholars. 

APPLETREE  HALL,  village  in  Wilton 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

ARASAIG,  village  and  district  on  south- 
west coast  of  Inverness-shire.    The  village 


ARA 


15 


ARB 


stands  on  north  side  of  Loch-na-Gaul, 
near  the  sea,  about  30  miles  south  of 
Kyleakin ;  is  regularly  called  at  by 
steamers,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Fort-William,  a 
large  inn,  an  Established  mission  church, 
a  Free  church  preaching-station,  a  Roman 
Catholic  church  with  600  sittings,  and  a 
Roman  Catholic  school.  The  district  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Loch  Morar,  on 
the  south  by  Loch  Aylort,  and  is  mostly 
mountainous  and  sterile. 

ARAY,  rivulet,  running  9  miles  south- 
ward to  Loch  Fyne,  in  vicinity  of  Inverary, 
Argyleshire.  It  traverses  a  romantic 
glen,  and  makes  2  fine  cascades. 

ARBEADIE,  village  in  Banchory-Ternan 
parish,  Kincardineshire.    Pop.  302. 

ARBIGLAND,  seat  in  Kirkbean  parish, 
Kirkcu  dbrightshire. 

ARBIRLOT,  village  and  parish  on  east 
coast  of  Forfarshire.  The  village  stands 
on  Elliot  rivulet,  3  miles  west-south-west 
of  Arbroath,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Arbroath.  The  parish  contains  also  Bon- 
nington  village,  and  is  about  4  miles  long. 
Acres,  6747.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£13,224.  Pop.  822.  The  coast  is  flat 
and  sandy,  and  the  interior  undulates  or 
gradually  rises,but  is  nowhere  hilly.  Kelly 
Castle  is  a  chief  feature.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free,  and  the  public 
school  is  a  new  building,  for  135  scholars. 

ARBORY,  conical  hill,  adjacent  to  the 
Clyde,  in  Lamington  parish,  Lanarkshire. 
It  rises  about  500  feet  above  the  Clyde's 
level,  and  has  extensive  rude  antiquities, 
apparently  of  the  Caledonian  times. 

ARBROATH,  town  and  parish  on  east 
coast  of  Forfarshire.  The  town  stands  at 
a  junction  of  railways,  opposite  Bell  Rock 
lighthouse,  16-J  miles  east-north-east  of 
Dundee ;  is  a  royal  and  parliamentary 
burgh,  a  head  port,  and  a  seat  of  manu- 
facture ;  made  a  great  figure  throughout 
the  Middle  Ages  in  connection  with  a 
grand  abbey,  but  has  figured  little  in  civil 
history,  and  is  the  '  Fairport '  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  Antiquary.  It  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  5 
banking  offices,  3  hotels,  a  town  hall, 
public  reading-rooms,  a  public  library,  a 
museum,  public  baths,  an  infirmary,  5 
Established  churches,  5  Free  churches, 
3  United  Presbyterian  churches,  and 
Original  Secession,  Congregational,  Evan- 
gelical Union,  Baptist,  Wesleyan,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  a  number 
of  public  schools  and  other  institutions. 
It  contains  some  well-built  streets  and 
handsome  public  buildings,  and  has  under- 
gone much  recent  improvement,  yet  shows 
less  attractiveness  than  many  other  British 
towns  of  its  size.  Its  abbey,  though  now 
a  fragmentary  ruin,  is  still  its  most  strik- 
ing feature,  was  founded  in  1178  by 
William  the  Lion,  stood  within  a  wall- 
engirt  area  of  1150  by  706  feet,  had  a 
cruciform  church  measuring  270  feet  from 
east  to  west  and  132  feet  from  north  to 


south,  and  now  exhibits  in  its  ruins 
beautiful  blendings  of  Norman  and  early 
pointed  architecture.  The  town  hall  is  a 
neat  edifice  of  1806.  The  market-place 
was  erected  in  1856,  at  a  cost  of  about 
£5000.  The  public  baths  were  projected 
in  September  1880.  The  burgh  church  in 
the  Romish  times  disappeared  after  the 
Reformation,  and  remains  of  it  were 
found  in  the  course  of  improving  the  har- 
bour in  1877.  The  present  burgh  church 
was  erected  in  1791,  acquired  an  elegant 
steeple  in  1830,  and  contains  1690  sittings. 
St.  Margaret's  Established  Church  was 
erected  in  1879,  at  a  cost  of  about  £6000, 
and  contains  1000  sittings.  Several  of 
the  other  churches  are  recent  and  good. 
15  schools,  for  3421  scholars,  are  in  the 
burgh,  and  3  of  them,  for  1660,  are 
new.  A  public  park  adjacent  to  the  north- 
eastern boundary  was  projected  in  1876. 
The  harbour  is  artificial,  and  a  dock  on  it 
was  completed  in  September  1877,  cost 
nearly  £40,000,  and  has  an  area  of 
2|  acres,  a  quayage  of  1313  feet,  and  a 
depth  of  17|-  feet  at  ordinary  spring  tides. 
The  shipping  in  1879  comprised  281  British 
vessels,  of  27,409  tons,  and  35  foreign 
vessels,  of  5404  tons,  inwards  ;  and  274 
British  vessels,  of  25,836  tons,  and  32 
foreign  vessels,  of  4928  tons,  outwards. 
The  parliamentary  burgh  unites  with 
Montrose,  Forfar,  Brechin,  and  Bervie  in 
sending  a  member  to  Parliament.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  exclusive  of  railways, 
£79,185.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  burgh, 
21,758. — The  parish  includes  less  than 
half  of  the  town,  the  rest  of  which  is  in 
St.  Vigeans.  Acres,  943.  Real  property 
of  landward  part  in  1880-81,  £1420.  Pop. , 
quoad  civilia,  9466;  quoad  sacra,  4706.  The 
parts  of  it  and  of  St.  Vigeans  outside  the 
burgh  are  under  one  board,  and  have 
school  accommodation  for  427  scholars. 

ARBROATH  AND  DUNDEE  RAILWAY. 
See  Dundee  and  Arbroath  Railway. 

ARBROATH  AND  FORFAR  RAILWAY, 
railway  from  Arbroath  harbour  north- 
westward and  west  -  north  -  westward  to 
Guthrie  Junction,  and  westward  thence  to 
Forfar.  It  is  15i  miles  long,  and  rises  220 
feet ;  it  was  completed  in  1839,  at  a  cost  of 
£131,644 ;  it  became  amalgamated  with  the 
Aberdeen  Railway,  and  through  that  with 
the  Caledonian,  and  the  dividend  for  it 
was  arranged  in  1876  to  stand  at  6  per 
cent,  till  1879,  and  become  permanently 
5|  in  1880. 

ARBROATH  AND  MONTROSE  RAIL- 
WAY, railway  from  junction  with  the 
North  British  system  at  Arbroath  north- 
ward along  the  coast  to  Montrose.  It  was 
undertaken  in  1871,  was,  with  some  local 
exception,  not  commenced  till  early  part 
of  1879,  was  partially  opened  for  goods 
traffic  in  October  1880,  and  cost,  till  near 
that  time,  £219,398.  It  goes  almost  due 
north  to  Lunan  Bay,  proceeds  thence  on 
the  coast  all  the  way  to  Ferryden,  circles 
thence  across  the  South  Esk  to  back  of 


AEB 


16 


ARD 


Montrose  High  Street,  sends  off  a  branch, 
about  a  mile  long,  into  junction  with 
Montrose  and  Bervie  Kail  way,  and  proceeds 
about  3  miles  north-westward  into  junction 
with  the  Caledonian.  Three  viaducts  are 
on  it  near  Lunan  Bay ;  an  elaborate  cutting, 
about  a  mile  long,  conveys  it  past  Ferryden ; 
two  viaducts,  costing  about  £8000  and 
£18,000,  take  it  across  the  two  arms  of  the 
South  Esk;  and  a  plot  of  33  acres,  re- 
claimed from  Montrose  lagoon  by  means 
of  a  lofty  sea-wall,  fully  a  mile  long,  is 
partly  occupied  by  its  Montrose  station. 

ARBUTHNOT,  parish  midway  between 
Fordoun  and  Bervie,  Kincardineshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Fordoun.  Its  length 
is  5  miles ;  its  area  9585  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £9767.  Pop.  809. 
The  surface  is  a  very  diversified  assemblage 
of  vale  and  hill,  and  rises  nowhere  higher 
than  about  650  feet.  The  mansions  are 
Arbuthnot  House  and  Kair,  and  the  former 
is  the  seat  of  Viscount  Arbuthnot.  The 
public  school  has  room  for  109  scholars. 

ARCHAIG,  lake  in  Glenarchaig,  Inver- 
ness-shire. It  measures  about  10  miles  in 
length  and  about  f  mile  in  mean  breadth, 
and  reaches  to  vicinity  of  Great  Glen ;  it 
describes,  from  head  to  foot,  the  segment 
of  a  circle,  it  is  overhung  by  lofty  peaked 
mountains,  and  it  has  a  wooded  islet  con- 
taining the  burial-place  of  the  Lochiel 
family. 

ARCHERBECK,  burn,  running  to  the 
Liddel,  in  Canonbie  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

ARCHERFIELD,  seat  in  Dirleton  parish, 
Haddingtonshire . 

ARCHIESTON,  village  in  Knockando 
parish,  Elginshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Craigellachie.    Pop.  375. 

ARCLET,  gloomy  small  lake  on  north- 
west border  of  Stirlingshire,  between 
Inversnaid  and  Loch  Katrine. 

ARD,  lake  on  south-west  verge  of  Perth- 
shire, skirted  by  road  from  Aberfoyle  to 
Inversnaid.  It  is  divided  by  a  gorge  into 
two  lakes,  larger  and  smaller  ;  it  measures 
about  4  miles  in  length,  and  from  3  to  9 
furlongs  in  breadth;  it  shares  much  of 
the  grandest  mountain  scenery  of  Lochs 
Katrine  and  Lomond;  it  presents  views 
ranging  from  the  beautiful  to  the  sublime ; 
it  contains  an  islet  crowned  with  a  ruined 
castle  of  Murdoch,  Duke  of  Albany ;  and 
it  has  on  its  shores  a  number  of  ornate 
residences. 

ARDALANISH,  headland  near  south- 
west extremity  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

ARDALLIE,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  north- 
east of  Aberdeenshire.  It  comprises  parts 
of  Cruden,  Ellon,  Longside,  and  Old  Deer. 
It  has  a  public  school  with  about  130 
scholars,  and  its  post  town  is  Mintlaw. 
Pop.  1258. 

ARDARGIE,  estate,  with  well-preserved 
small  Roman  camp,  in  Forgandenny  parish, 
Perthshire. 

ARDARUNAR,  headland  on  west  coast  of 
North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

ARDAVASAR.    See  Ardvarsae. 


ARDBEG,  headland,  forming  west  horn 
of  Rothesay  Bay,  Bute  Island. 

ARDBLAIR,  lake  and  old  seat  in  Blair- 
gowrie parish,  Perthshire. 

ARDCARNICH,  place,  5|  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Ullapool,  Ross-shire. 

ARDCHADUILL,  promontory  in  Loch- 
broom  parish,  Ross-shire. 

ARDCHATTAN,  parish  in  Lorn  district, 
Argyleshire.  It  is  bisected  by  Loch  Etive, 
comprises  Ardchattan  proper  on  the  north, 
and  Muckairn  on  the  south,  includes  Eriska 
and  Duirnish  Islands,  is  traversed  by  the 
Callander  and  Oban  Railway,  and  its  post 
town  is  Taynuilt,  under  Oban.  It  measures 
more  than  40  miles  in  length  and  about 
10  miles  in  mean  breadth.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £15,191.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
2001 ;  quoad  sacra,  1386.  —  Ardchattan 
proper  is  remarkably  mountainous,  and 
consists  very  largely  of  rugged  alpine 
masses,  and  great  wastes  of  moor  and 
moss,  yet  includes  charming  varieties  of 
fertile  plain,  pleasant  valley,  and  wooded 
hill.  Muckairn  contains  some  lofty  ground, 
yet  is  comparatively  low.  Ardchattan 
Priory,  on  Loch  Etive,  4  miles  north-west 
of  Taynuilt,  was  founded  in  1231,  is  notable 
for  a  national  council  held  in  it  by  Robert 
Bruce,  had  a  cruciform  church  with  central 
tower,  and  has  left  some  interesting  re- 
mains. Ardchattan  House,  originally  the 
prior's  residence,  is  now  a  modernized 
massive  mansion.  Other  seats  are  Loch- 
nell,  Barcaldine,  Inverawe,  and  Drimvuick, 
and  a  notable  antiquity  is  the  alleged  vestige 
of  the  Dalriadan  city  Berigonium.  The 
churches  are  2  Established  and  2  Free, 
and  the  public  schools  are  4,  with  about 
279  scholars 

ARDCHULLARIE.    See  Ardhullary. 

ARDCLACH,  hamlet  and  parish  in  Nairn- 
shire. The  hamlet  lies  on  Findhorn  river, 
9  miles  south-south-east  of  Nairn,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Forres.  The  parish 
measures  about  11  miles  by  1\.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £6812.  Pop.  1117. 
The  surface  is  sub-alpine,  but  includes  low 
tracts  on  the  Findhorn.  Coulmony  House 
is  the  only  mansion ;  and  a  sculptured 
obelisk,  similar  to  the  Forres  pillar,  is  the 
chief  antiquity.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished and  Free.  There  are  4  schools  for 
233  scholars,  and  one  of  them,  for  50,  is 
new. 

ARDEER,  town,  with  extensive  iron- 
works, suburban  to  Stevenston,  Ayrshire. 
Pop.  included  in  Stevenston. 

ARDELISTER,  islets  in  Kildalton  parish, 
Islay,  Argyleshire. 

ARDELVE,  hamlet  in  Lochbroom  parish, 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Lochalsh,  and  a  public  school. 

ARDEN,  suburb  of  Airdrie,  Lanarkshire. 
Pop.  294. 

ARDEN,  seat  of  Sir  James  Lumsden,  on 
Loch  Lomond,  1\  miles  north-north-west 
of  Dumbarton. 

ARDENADAM,  village  on  Holy  Loch, 
near  Dunoon,  Argyleshire. 


ARD 


17 


ARD 


ARDENCONNEL,  seat  in  Eow  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

ARDENTINNY,  village  on  Loch  Long,  5 
miles  north  of  Strone,  Argyleshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Greenock,  a  hotel,  and 
a  quoad  sacra  parish  church  for  a  pop.  of 
203 ;  and  it  figures  in  a  well-known  song 
of  Tannahill. 

ARDENTRIVE,  bay  in  Kerrera  Island, 
opposite  Oban,  Argyleshire.  Measures 
were  projected  in  1880  for  erecting  on  it 
villas  or  a  village,  building  a  pier,  and 
instituting  a  steam  ferry  to  Oban. 

ARDEONAIG,  village  on  Loch  Tay,  8^ 
miles  north-east  of  Killin,  Perthshire.  It 
has  an  inn,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public 
school. 

ARDERSIER,  parish  on  Moray  Firth  and 
Highland  Railway,  in  north-east  corner 
of  Inverness  -  shire.  It  contains  Fort- 
George  and  most  of  Campbelton  village, 
and  has  a  post  office  of  its  own  name, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Fort-George  Station.  Acres, 
3824.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4424. 
Pop.  2086.  The  shore  is  flat  and  sandy, 
and  the  interior  rises,  with  various  cha- 
racter, to  a  border  hill  about  200  feet 
high.  The  churches  are  Established,  Free, 
and  United  Presbyterian ;  and  there  are 
2  public  schools  with  about  293  scholars. 

ARDFERN,  hamlet  on  upper  part  of 
Loch  Craignish,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Lochgilphead. 

ARDFINAIG,  place  at  south-western  ex- 
tremity of  Mull,  opposite  Iona,  Argyleshire. 

ARDGARTEN,  small  low  peninsula,  with 
mansion,  between  Glencroe  and  Loch 
Long,  Argyleshire. 

ARDGAY,  village,  adjacent  to  Highland 
Railway,  on  northern  verge  of  Ross-shire, 
near  Bonar  Bridge.  It  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  commodious 
inn,  and  a  public  school. 

ARDGOUR,  district  in  Argyleshire,  and 
quoad  sacra  parish,  partly  also  in  Inverness- 
shire.  The  district  is  a  peninsula  between 
Loch  Eil  and  Loch  Shiel,  measures  about 
13  miles  by  11,  contains  Ardgour  House 
near  Corran  Ferry,  and  has  a  post  office  of 
its  own  name,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  under  Fort-William. 
The  parish  is  called  Ballachulish  and  Ard- 
gour.   Pop.  749. 

ARDGOWAN,  seat  of  Sir  Michael  R.  S. 
Stewart,  Bart.,  near  Innerkip,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

ARDGREENAN,  seat  in  Tongland  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ARDHULLARY,  seat  and  two  mountains 
on  east  side  of  Loch  Lubnaig,  Perthshire. 

ARDINCAPLE,  a  seat  of  Sir  James 
Colquhoun,  Bart.,  formerly  jointure-house 
of  the  Dowager-Duchess  of  Argyle,  adja- 
cent to  Gareloch,  in  vicinity  of  Helens- 
burgh, Dumbartonshire. 

ARDINCAPLE,  seat  on  Seil  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

ARDINNING,  small  lake  in  Strathblane 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 


ARDKENNETH,  place,  with  Roman 
Catholic  chapel,  in  northern  part  of  South 
Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

ARDKINGLASS,  seat  and  vestiges  of 
ancient  castle  on  upper  part  of  Loch 
Fyne,  near  foot  of  Glenkinglass,  Argyle- 
shire. 

ARDLAIR,  place  on  north  side,  near  foot 
of  Loch  Maree,  Ross-shire. 

ARDLAMONT,  headland,  seat,  and  public 
school  between  Kyles  of  Bute  and  mouth 
of  Loch  Fyne,  Argyleshire. 

ARDLE,  rivulet  of  Strathardle,  running 
13  miles  south  -  south  -  eastward  to  the 
Ericht,  in  Perthshire. 

ARDLER,  railway  station,  18J  miles 
north-east  of  Perth. 

ARDLISH,  seat  on  east  side  of  upper 
part  of  Loch  Lomond. 

ARDLUI,  steamboat  station,  seat,  and 
public  school,  at  head  of  Loch  Lomond. 

ARDLUSSA,  seat  and  streamlet  in  J  ura 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

ARDMADDY,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Breadalbane  on  the  coast,  10  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Oban,  Argyleshire. 

ARDMARNOCH,  seat  on  Loch  Fyne,  in 
Kilfinan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

ARDMATTY,  fort  on  east  side,  upper 
part  of  Loch  Etive,  Argyleshire. 

ARDMEANACH,  large,  broad  -  backed, 
hilly  peninsula  between  Cromarty  Firth 
and  Moray  Firth,  Ross-shire. 

ARDMELLIE,  seat  in  Marnoch  parish, 
Banffshire. 

ARDMICHAEL,  headland  on  west  coast 
of  South  Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

ARDMIDDLE,  hill,  and  hamlet  with 
public  school,  in  west  of  Turriff  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

ARDMILE,  headland  on  west  coast  of 
South  Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

ARDMILLAN,  seat,  1\  miles  south-south- 
west of  Girvan,  Ayrshire. 

ARDMINISH,  bay  and  headland  on  east 
side  of  Gigha  Island,  Argyleshire. 

ARDMORE,  wooded  peninsula,  with  seat, 
on  Firth  of  Clyde,  between  Dumbarton 
and  Helensburgh. 

ARDMORE,  bay,  headland,  and  islets  on 
east  side  of  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

ARDMORE,  headland  and  bay  at  northern 
extremity  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

ARDMORE,  headland  in  Vaternish  dis- 
trict, Isle  of  Skye. 

ARDMORE,  harbour  in  Eddertoun 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

ARDMUCKNISH,  bay  on  north  side  of 
Loch  Etive,  immediately  within  that  loch's 
mouth,  Argyleshire. 

ARDNAC ALLIO CH,  promontory  at  east 
end  of  Ulva,  Argyleshire. 

ARDNACROSS,  bay  and  estate,  6  miles 
north-east  of  Campbelton,  Argyleshire. 

ARDNAMURCHAN,  hamlet,  headland, 
and  district,  Argyleshire,  and  parish, 
partly  also  in  Inverness-shire.  The  ham- 
let lies  on  the  coast,  7  miles  by  water 
north-north-west  of  Tobermory,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  department, 


ARD 


18 


ARD 


under  Fort-William,  a  parochial  church 
with  600  sittings,  and  a  Free  church.  The 
headland  faces  the  Atlantic  with  salient 
point,  4J  miles  north-west  of  the  hamlet ; 
exhibits  a  broad,  bold,  rugged  appearance  ; 
forms  the  most  westerly  ground  on  main- 
land of  Scotland  ;  and  is  crowned  with  a 
lighthouse  showing  a  fixed  light  visible  at 
the  distance  of  18  nautical  miles.  The 
district  is  a  peninsula,  extending  eastward 
from  the  headland;  measures  about  16 
miles  in  length  and  about  4J  miles  in  mean 
breadth  ;  consists  chiefly  of  very  diversified 
hills,  rising  nowhere  higher  than  1759  feet ; 
and  includes  considerable  skirts  and  inter- 
spersions  of  good  arable  land.  The  parish 
comprises  also  Sunart  district  in  Argyle- 
shire,  and  Moidart,  Arasaig,  and  South 
Morar  districts,  together  with  Shona 
Island,  in  Inverness-shire.  Its  extreme 
length,  by  any  road,  is  about  70  miles,  its 
extreme  breadth  about  40  miles,  Real 
property  in  1880-81  of  the  Argyleshire  part, 
£10,372;  of  the  Inverness-shire  part,£9512. 
Pop.  of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia,  4091 ; 
quoad  sacra,  2234.  There  are  9  schools 
for  506  scholars,  and  5  of  them,  for  249, 
are  new. 

ARDNEIL,  sea  cliff  at  south-west  ex- 
tremity of  West  Kilbride  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

ARDNISH,  headland  at  south-west  end 
of  Coll  Island,  Argyleshire. 

ARDNOE,  headland  at  mouth  of  Loch 
Crinan,  Argyleshire. 

ARDO,  seat  near  the  Dee  in  Banchory- 
Devenick  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

ARDOCH,  parish,  containing  Braco  and 
Greenloaning  villages,  Perthshire.  Acres, 
22,127.  Pop.  1102.  The  surface  adjoins 
the  watershed  between  Strathallan  and 
Strathearn,  and  is  drained  by  the  Knaik 
to  Allan  river.  Ardoch  House,  and  a 
Roman  camp  within  that  mansion's 
grounds,  are  chief  features.  The  Roman 
camp  is  the  best  preserved  and  most 
notable  in  Great  Britain ;  has  been  the 
subject  of  much  controversy  as  to  its 
connection  or  non-connection  with  the 
battle  of  'Mons  Grampus,'  comprises  3 
oblongs  of  420  by  375,  of  1060  by  900,  and 
of  2850  by  1590  feet ;  underwent  consider- 
able damage  by  the  formation  of  General 
Wade's  military  roads,  yet  retains  distinct 
features  of  its  original  conformation,  and 
possesses  additional  interest  in  the  exist- 
ence, for  miles  around  it,  of  remains  or 
traces  of  Caledonian  forts  or  entrench- 
ments. The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  ;  and  there 
are  3  public  schools  for  215  scholars. 

ARDQYNE,  hill  in  Oyne  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

ARDPATRICK,  headland,  seat,  and 
hamlet  at  south-western  extremity  of 
Knapdale,  Argyleshire.  The  hamlet  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
under  Greenock. 

ARDRISHAIG,  seaport  town  at  entrance 
of  Crinan  Canal,  2  miles  south-south-west 


of  Lochgilphead,  Argyleshire.  It  prospers 
in  connection  with  the  canal  traffic  and 
the  herring  fishery,  and  it  has  a  post  office, 
with  all  departments,  under  Lochgilphead, 
a  hotel,  a  quoad  sacra  parish  church,  a  Free 
church,  an  Episcopalian  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  160  scholars. 
Pop.  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  1210. 

ARDROSS,  seat  and  post  office,  4^  miles 
north  of  Alness,  Ross-shire.  The  seat  is 
modern  and  castellated,  and  the  post 
office  is  under  Alness. 

ARDROSS,  ruined  baronial  fortalice  on 
the  coast  near  Elie,  Fife. 
<  ARDROSSAN,  town  and  parish  on  north 
side  of  Ayr  Bay,  Ayrshire.  The  town  is  a 
police  burgh,  a  head  port,  and  a  watering- 
place  ;  stands  on  a  branch  of  Glasgow  and 
South- Western  Railway,  31J  miles  south- 
west of  Glasgow;  includes  a  small  low 
promontory,  long  the  site  of  ancient 
hamlet,  baronial  castle,  and  parochial 
church;  was  itself  founded  in  1806,  with 
design  of  being  the  chief  out-port  of 
Glasgow;  suffered  such  defeat  of  that 
design  as  caused  it  to  struggle  slowly 
toward  importance ;  consists  of  spacious, 
well-built  streets,  a  fine  crescent,  and 
numerous  villas ;  contains  the  Earl  of 
Eglinton's  seaside  seat  of  the  Pavilion  ; 
commands  delightful  views  across  the 
waters  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde ;  is  so  near 
Saltcoats  as  to  render  that  town  almost 
conjoint  with  it;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  3  banking  offices,  3  hotels, 
2  Established  churches,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  Congregational,  and  Episco- 
palian churches,  and  2  public  schools. 
The  harbour  is  artificial,  was  constructed 
at  enormous  cost,  and  affords  facile  steam- 
boat communication  with  Arran  and 
Ireland.  The  arrivals  at  the  port  in  1879 
were  3748  British  vessels,  of  396,905  tons, 
and  54  foreign  vessels  of  13,308  tons  ;  the 
departures,  3630  British  vessels,  of  389,872 
tons,  and  56  foreign  vessels,  of  14,515  tons. 
Pop.  3960. — The  parish  includes  also  the 
larger  part  of  Saltcoats,  and  measures 
about  6  miles  by  3f .  Acres,  6668.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £39,905.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  7754  ;  quoad  sacra,  3656. 
Most  of  the  land  is  low,  with  generally 
light,  fertile  soil,  and  that  in  the  north- 
west is  hilly,  culminating  at  706  feet  above 
sea-level.  There  are  4  schools  for  1245 
scholars,  and  2  of  them,  for  1000,  are  new. 

ARDROSSAN  (NEW),  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Ardrossan  parish,  Ayrshire.  It  was 
constituted  in  1851,  and  its  church  stands 
in  the  town,  and  was  built  as  a  chapel-of- 
ease  in  1844.    Pop.  4022. 

ARDSHIEL,  seat  near  junction  of  Loch 
Leven  and  Loch  Linnhe,  north  verge  of 
Argyleshire. 

ARDSKINISH,  headland  at  south- 
western extremity  of  Colonsay  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

ARDSTINCHAR,  old  castle  near  Ballan- 
trae,  Ayrshire. 


AED 


19 


ARG 


ARDTALNAIG,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Kenmore  parish,  Perthshire. 

ARDTEALLA,  bay  in  Kildalton  parish, 
lsl ay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

ARDTOE,  headland  and  bay  on  north 
coast  of  Ardnamurchan  district,  Argyle- 
shire. 

ARDTORNISH.    See  Artornish. 

ARDTUN,  basaltic  headland  at  mouth 
of  Loch  Scriden,  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

ARDUTHIE,  part  of  Stonehaven,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

ARDVAR,  small  harbour  in  Assynt 
parish,  Sutherland. 

ARDVARSAR,  bay,  headland,  and  ham- 
let on  Sleat  Sound,  Isle  of  Skye.  The 
hamlet  has  a  post  office  under  Broadford. 

ARDVERIKIE,  ruined  seat  on  west  side 
of  Loch  Laggan,  Inverness-shire.  It  was 
built  as  a  hunting-lodge  in  1840,  by  the 
Marquis  of  Abercorn ;  was  occupied,  along 
with  temporary  erections,  in  the  autumn 
of  1847,  by  the  royal  family  and  their 
household ;  passed  to  Sir  John  Ramsden, 
and  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1874. 

ARDVOIRLICH,  seat  on  south  side  of 
Loch  Earn,  Perthshire.  It  is  the  Darlin- 
varoch  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Legend  of 
Montrose. 

ARDVOIRLICH,  small  bay  on  west  side, 
near  head  of  Loch  Lomond. 

ARDVRACK,  ruined  ancient  castle  on 
Loch  Assynt,  Sutherland.  It  belonged  to 
the  Macleods,  and  was  the  place  of  the 
Marquis  of  Montrose's  durance  after  his 
capture  in  1650. 

ARDVRECKNISH,  shooting  -  lodge  of 
Earl  of  Breadalbane,  on  Loch  Tolla, 
Glenorchy,  Argyleshire. 

ARDWAL,  island  in  Borgue  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ARDWALL,  seat  in  Anwoth  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ARDWELL,  bay,  headland,  village,  and 
seat  in  Stoneykirk  parish,  Wigtonshire. 
The  village  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Stranraer. 

AREEMING,  estate  in  Kirkpatrick- 
Durham  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ARGYLE,  district  in  mainland  of  Argyle- 
shire. It  is  separated  from  Lorn  by 
Lochs  Awe,  Avich,  and  Melfort ;  from 
Cowal  by  Loch  Fyne  ;  from  Knapdale  by 
Loch  Gilp  and  the  Crinan  Canal.  Its 
name  signifies  '  The  Land  of  the  Gael.' 

ARGYLE'S  BOWLING  GREEN,  group  of 
mountains  overhanging  Loch  Long,  from 
Glencroe  to  Loch  Goil,  on  east  border  of 
Argyleshire.  The  mountains  culminate 
in  a  summit  2497  feet  high  ;  they  are  all 
lofty,  precipitous,  and  rugged ;  they  ex- 
hibit a  wild,  savage,  impressive  aspect  ; 
they  are  so  fissured  and  curved  over  flank 
and  crown  as  to  seem,  in  the  distance,  like 
a  mass  of  statuary,  and  they  figure 
superbly  on  the  horizon  of  multitudes  of 
views  on  upper  parts  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde. 

ARGYLESHIRE,  maritime  county  in 
south-west  of  Scotland.    It  extends  about 


115  miles  southward  from  boundary  with 
Inverness-shire  to  the  North  Channel 
opposite  Ireland,  and  includes  Tyree,  Mull, 
Jura,  Islay,  and  46  other  inhabited  islands. 
Its  greatest  breadth  on  the  mainland  is  55 
miles,  but  to  the  extremity  of  the  islands 
is  85  miles ;  its  coast  line,  both  from  in- 
tersection of  its  mainland  by  sea-lochs 
and  from  inclusion  of  the  islands,  is  pro- 
portionately enormous  ;  and  its  land  area 
is  3255  square  miles.  Part  of  its  main- 
land lies  north  of  Loch  Linnhe,  and  com- 
prises the  districts  of  Locheil.  Ardgour, Sun- 
art,  Ardnamurchan,  and  Morvern ;  and  the 
rest  is  divided  into  the  districts  of  Lorn, 
Argyle,  Cowal,  Knapdale,  and  Kintyre. 
The  islands  comprehend  all  the  Southern 
Hebrides  of  modern  times,  but  not  all  of 
ancient  times,  and  form  the  Mull  group, 
with  Tyree  and  Coll  in  the  north,  and  the 
group  of  Jura  and  Islay,  with  Colonsay  and 
Gigha,  in  the  south.  Most  of  the  mainland, 
and  most  of  Mull  and  Jura,  are  grandly 
mountainous,  and  very  much  of  the  former 
is  intermixture  of  alpine  heights,  bleak 
moors,  deep  glens,  long  sea-lochs,  and  ex- 
tensive lakes.  A  large  proportion  of  the 
whole,  both  continental  and  insular, 
displays  much  force  and  picturesqueness 
of  scenery.  A  number  of  the  mountain 
peaks  rise  to  altitudes  of  more  than  3000 
feet,  and  many  more  are  not  much  lower. 
The  chief  sea-lochs  are  Eil,  Leven,  Linnhe, 
Sunart,  Etive,  Craignish,  Swein,  Killis- 
port,  Tarbert,  Fyne,  Long,  Striven, 
Riddan,  Tua,  Na-Keal,  Scriden,  and 
Indal.  The  principal  lakes  are  Shiel  on  the 
northern  boundary,  Awe  between  Lorn 
and  Argyle,  and  Eck  in  Cowal.  The  chief 
streams  are  the  Orchy  entering  Loch  Awe, 
and  the  Awe  leaving  that  lake  ;  but  lesser 
streams  are  very  numerous,  and  many  of 
them  interesting.  The  rocks  are  prin- 
cipally granite,  quartz,  mica  slate,  and 
trap,  but  include,  at  Ballachulish  and 
Easdale,  plentiful  and  famous  roofing 
slate.  The  ground  capable  of  cultivation 
lies  chiefly  along  the  coast,  and  amounts 
to  about  one-eighth  of  the  entire  land 
area.  A  large  portion  of  the  property 
belongs  to  the  Duke  of  Argyle  and  the 
Earl  of  Breadalbane.  The  distillation  of 
whisky,  carried  on  at  Campbelton  and  in 
Islay,  is  the  chief  manufacture.  The 
towns  are  Inverary,  Campbelton,  Dunoon, 
Oban,  Lochgilphead,  Ardrishaig,  Tarbert, 
and  Ballachulish ;  and  only  7  other 
seats  of  population  have  each  more  than 
300  inhabitants.  The  chief  antiquities 
are  Caledonian  stone  circles,  Scandinavian 
duns,  the  castles  of  Dunstaffnage,  Dunolly, 
Mingarry,  Artornish,  Kilchurn,  Skipnish, 
Dunoon,  and  Carrick,  and  the  ecclesias- 
tical ruins  of  Iona,  Oronsay,  Ardchattan, 
Kilmun,  and  Kintyre.  Pop.  in  1S71, 
75,679  ;  in  1881,  76,440.  Real  property  in 
1879-80,  exclusive  of  canals,  £499,736. 

ARGYLE  STONE,  mountain,  2939  feet 
high,  3  miles  south-east  of  Alvie  church, 
Inverness-shire. 


ARI 


20 


ARR 


ARICHONAN,  lofty  hill  in  North  Knap- 
dale  parish,  Argyleshire. 

ARICLINY,  lake  in  Kildonan  parish, 
Sutherland. 

ARIENAS,  lake  in  Morvern  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

ARINACRUMACHD,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Applecross  parish,  Ross-shire. 

ARINANGOUR,  seaport  village  in  Coll 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

ARISAIG.    See  Akasaig. 

ARITY,  burn  in  Inverarity  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

ARKAIG.    See  Archaig. 

ARKENDEITH,  ruined  old  fortalice  in 
Avoch  parish,  Ross-shire. 

ARKLE,  isolated  tapering  mountain, 
2578  feet  high,  in  Edderachyllis  parish, 
Sutherland. 

ARKLET.    See  Arclet. 

ARLERY,  seat  near  Milnathort,  Kinross- 
shire. 

ARMADALE,  town,  2J  miles  west  of 
Bathgate,  Linlithgowshire.  It  was  scarcely 
even  a  hamlet  till  within  a  recent  period  ; 
it  became  a  town  and  has  prospered  in 
connection  with  mineral  industries ;  and  it 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Bathgate, 
a  railway  station,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  Wesley  an  and  Episcopalian 
chapels,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
215  scholars.    Pop.  2642. 

ARMADALE,  rivulet,  bay,  fishing  village, 
and  headland  in  Farr  parish,  Sutherland. 
The  rivulet  is  short,  but  important.  The 
bay  receives  the  rivulet,  lies  between 
Strathy  head  and  Armadale  headland,  and 
is  one  of  the  safest  landing-places  on  the 
north  coast.  The  village  stands  on  the 
bay,  20  miles  west-south-west  of  Thurso, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Thurso,  and  a 
small  public  school. 

ARMADALE,  seat  of  Lord  Macdonald  on 
south-east  coast  of  Skye  Island,  7  miles 
north-east  of  Sleat  point.  It  is  a  castellated 
edifice  of  1815,  and  has  well -wooded 
grounds. 

ARMANDAVE,  acclivitous  mountain,  on 
west  side  of  Loch  Lubnaig,  Perthshire. 

ARMIT,  affluent  of  Gala  water,  at  5  miles 
north-  north  -  west  of  Stow,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

ARNAGE,  railway  station  and  seat,  3|- 
miles  north-north-west  of  Ellon,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

ARNAL,  rivulet  in  Barvas  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

ARNATE,  head -stream  of  the  Ardle, 
Perthshire. 

ARNBARROW,  hill  in  Fordoun  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

ARNCROACH,  hamlet  in  Carnbee  parish, 
Fife.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Pitten- 
weem,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school. 

ARNDEAN,  seat,  2  miles  east-north-east 
of  Dollar,  Clackmannanshire. 

ARNDILLY,  seat  on  the  Spey,  in  Boharm 
parish,  Banffshire. 

ARNGASK,  parish  in  the  counties  of 


Kinross,  Fife,  and  Perth.  It  contains 
Damhead  village,  with  post  office  under 
Kinross.  Acres  of  the  Kinross  part,  1801 ; 
of  the  Fife  part,  1834 ;  of  the  Perth  part, 
2815.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £1897, 
£2379,  £2506.  Pop.  129,  219,  and  199.  The 
surface  includes  hills  of  the  Ochils,  and  is 
richly  diversified.  The  church  contains 
380  sittings,  and  the  public  school  has 
accommodation  for  150  scholars. 

ARNGIBBON,  seat  and  glen,  about  2§ 
miles  east  of  Bucklyvie,  Stirlingshire. 

ARNGOMERY,  seat  near  Kippen, 
Stirlingshire. 

ARNHALL,  hamlet  in  Fettercairn  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

ARNIFOUL,  village  in  Glammis  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

ARNISDALE,  village  in  Glenelg  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

ARNISH,  point  in  Loch  Stornoway, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.  A  lighthouse  is 
on  it,  with  revolving  light,  visible  at  the 
distance  of  12  nautical  miles. 

ARNISH,  bay  on  west  side  of  Raasay 
Island,  Inverness-shire. 

ARNISORT,  sea -loch  and  hamlet  in 
north-west  of  Skye  Island,  Inverness-shire. 
The  sea-loch  is  a  branch  of  Loch  Snizort, 
and  the  hamlet  has  a  post  office  under 
Portree. 

ARNISTON,  seat  of  the  Dundas  family 
on  the  South  Esk,  13  miles  south-south- 
east of  Edinburgh. 

ARNISTON  COLLIERY,  village  in  Cock- 
pen  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

ARNPRIOR,  village  in  Perthshire  section 
of  Kippen  parish. 

ARNSHEEN,  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Colmonell  parish,  Ayrshire.  Its  post  town 
is  Girvan.    Pop.  1059. 

ARNTULLY,  village  and  estate,  8  miles 
north  of  Perth. 

AROS,  village,  bay,  and  ruined  old  castle, 
on  east  coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 
The  village  stands  on  the  bay  9  miles 
south-south-east  of  Tobermory,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  telegraph,  under  Oban, 
and  an  inn.  The  bay,  though  small,  is 
screened  by  lofty  cliffs,  streaked  with 
cascades.  The  old  castle  crowns  one  of 
the  cliffs,  was  a  residence  of  the  Lords  of 
the  Isles,  and  is  now  a  mere  lofty  fragment. 

ARRADOUL,  place,  with  Episcopalian 
chapel,  in  Rathven  parish,  Banffshire. 

ARRAN,  island  in  south  of  Buteshire. 
It  lies  in  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  6|  miles 
south-west  of  the  nearest  part  of  Bute, 
4f  miles  east  of  the  nearest  part  of  Kin- 
tyre,  and  10|-  west  of  the  nearest  part  of 
Ayrshire.  Its  length,  from  north-by-west 
to  south-by-east,  is  20^  miles  ;  its  mean 
breadth  is  about  6|-  miles  ;  and  its  area  is 
105,436  acres.  Its  northern  half  is  chiefly 
a  mass  of  rugged  mountains,  with  altitudes 
up  to  2874  feet,  embosoming  many  deep 
ravines  and  glens.  Its  southern  half  is 
principally  undulated,  rolling,  and  hilly, 
with  many  summits  of  greater  altitude 
than  500  feet,  and  with  much  diversity  of 


ARR 


21 


ASH 


intervening  vale  and  plain.  Its  coast  is 
mostly  a  narrow  strip  of  low  ground,  over- 
hung by  mountain  or  hill,  and  traversed 
all  round  by  a  good  public  road.  Its 
aggregate  character  exhibits  vast  diversity, 
force,  and  wealth  of  landscape,  and 
possesses  more  interest  for  geologists  and 
naturalists  than  any  other  tract  of  equal 
extent  in  Great  Britain.  Most  of  it  be- 
longs to  the  Duke  of  Hamilton.  Brodick 
Castle,  near  the  middle  of  the  east  coast, 
is  a  seat  of  the  duke  ;  and  Lamlash  Bay, 
about  6  miles  south  of  that  seat,  is  a  road- 
stead famous  for  both  capacity  and  safety. 
Brodick  and  Lamlash  villages  are  the 
largest  seats  of  population,  and  draw 
many  summer  visitors.  Pop.  of  the 
island,  4745. 

ARROCHAR,  village  and  parish  in  north 
of  Dumbartonshire.  The  village  stands 
on  east  side,  near  head  of  Loch  Long,  17£ 
miles  north  of  Helensburgh ;  is  a  terminus 
of  steam  communication  on  the  Upper 
Clyde,  and  a  resort  of  tourists  and  summer 
visitors ;  is  engirt  by  very  grand,  striking 
scenery ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Dumbarton,  an 
excellent  hotel,  an  Established  church  of 
1847,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  60  scholars. —The  parish  con- 
tains also  the  village  of  Tarbet,  and  is 
about  15  miles  long.  Acres,  25,858.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5291.  Pop.  517. 
The  surface  extends  about  3  miles  along 
Loch  Long,  and  nearly  14  miles  along 
Loch  Lomond  ;  is  bordered  along  all  the 
west  by  Argyleshire,  and  all  the  north  by 
Perthshire;  displays  rich,  diversified  High- 
land scenery,  and  is  so  full  of  mountain 
and  moor  as  to  comprise  only  about  400 
acres  of  arable  land. 

ARTARIG,  fort  on  east  side,  near  head 
of  Loch  Striven,  Argyleshire. 

ARTHURLEE,  several  localities  at  and  near 
Barrhead,  Renfrewshire.  Cross- Arthurlee 
is  a  suburb,  and  was  the  place  of  the 
earliest  bieachfield  in  Scotland.  West 
Arthurlee  is  a  neighbouring  village. 
South  Arthurlee  is  noted  for  the  erec- 
tion of  an  extensive  printfield  in  1835. 
Arthurlee  estate  belonged  anciently  to  a 
branch  of  the  noble  family  of  Darnley, 
but  underwent  division  among  several  pro- 
prietors, acquired  several  mansions,  and 
became  a  populous  seat  of  manufacturing 
industry.  Arthurlee  House,  one  of  the 
mansions,  is  a  handsome  modern  edifice. 
An  ancient  cross-shaft  stands  near  that 
mansion,  and  was  reinstated  on  its  original 
site  there  in  1872. 

ARTHUR'S  OVEN,  famous  quondam 
Roman  antiquity,  on  a  site  near  Carron 
ironworks,  Stirlingshire.  It  was  an 
edifice  in  form  resembling  a  bee-hive,  and 
measured  88  feet  in  circumference,  but 
was  destroyed  in  1743. 

ARTHUR'S  SEAT,  conspicuous  hill  in 
Queen's  Park,  contiguous  to  Edinburgh. 
It  ascends  from  a  base  about  f  mile  long ; 
culminates  in  a  conical  summit  822  feet 


above  sea-level;  presents  to  the  west  a 
precipitous  face,  with  shoulder  and  skirt 
outlined  like  a  lion  couchant,  and  com- 
mands from  its  summit  an  exquisite 
panoramic  view. 

ARTHUR'S  SEAT,  rock  on  north  side 
of  Dunbarrow  Hill,  in  Dunnichen  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

ARTHUR'S  STONE,  ancient  standing 
stone  and  modern  seat  in  Coupar-Angus 
parish,  Perthshire. 

ARTORNISH,  ruined  ancient  castle  on 
coast  of  Morvern  parish,  Argyleshire.  It 
was  a  great  stronghold  of  the  Lords  of  the 
Isles,  and  a  meeting-place  of  their  national 
councils ;  is  graphically  described  as 
restored  by  his  imagination  in  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  Lord  of  the  Isles,  and  consists  now 
of  little  else  than  remains  of  a  tower  and 
fragments  of  outworks. 

ASCAI6,  lake  in  Kildonan  parish, 
Sutherland. 

ASCOG,  bay,  village,  lake,  and  estate  on 
easb  side  of  Bute  Island,  Buteshire.  The 
bay  is  about  LJ  miles  south-east  of  Rothe- 
say. The  village  is  chiefly  a  long  chain  of 
villas  and  ornate  cottages,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Rothesay,  and  a  Free  church. 
The  lake  lies  adjacent,  and  has  an  area  of 
75£  acres.  The  estate,  with  mansion,  was 
sold  in  1876  for  £39,420. 

ASCRIB,  island  in  Duirnish  parish, 
Skye,  Inverness-shire. 

ASHARE,  section  of  Edderachyllis  par- 
ish, Sutherland. 

ASHBURN,  seat  in  Innerkip  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

ASHDALE,  rivulet  with  two  cascades, 
and  glen  with  grand  scenery,  in  southern 
extremity  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

ASHDOW,  waterfall  on  west  border  of 
Killearn  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

ASHFIELD,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
North  Knapdale  parish,  Argyleshire. 

ASHGROVE.  seat  and  small  lake  in 
Kilwinning  parish,  Ayrshire. 

ASHIESTIEL,  seat  on  the  Tweed,  71 
miles  north-west  of  Selkirk.  It  was  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  residence,  the  place  where 
he  wrote  a  number  of  his  works,  during  the 
ten  years  prior  to  his  removal  to  Abbots- 
ford. 

ASHINTULLY,  seat  in  Kirkmichael 
parish,  Perthshire. 

ASHKIRK,  village  in  Roxburghshire, 
and  parish  partly  also  in  Selkirkshire. 
The  village  stands  on  Ale  river,  6  miles 
north -north-west  of  Hawick,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Hawick,  a  parochial 
church,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  100  scholars.  The  parish 
comprises  8339  acres  in  Roxburghshire, 
and  3369  in  Selkirkshire.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £5163  and  £2738.  Pop.  362 
and  138.  The  surface  includes  pieces  of 
level  land  on  the  Ale,  but  is  elsewhere  all 
hilly.  There  are  2  schools,  with  accommo- 
dation for  174  scholars. 

ASHLEY,  seat  in  Batho  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 


ASH 


22 


AUC 


ASHLEY,  lake  in  Dores  parish,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

ASHTON,  southern  part  of  Gourock, 
Renfrewshire.  It  extends  south-westward 
along  the  coast,  opposite  Kirn  and  Dunoon, 
and  consists  chiefly  of  villas  and  neat  two- 
storey  houses,  principally  on  a  narrow 
belt  of  low  ground,  but  partly  on  steep, 
overhanging  braes. 

ASKADIL,  headland  on  north-west  of 
Ardnamurchan  peninsula,  Argyleshire. 

ASKAIG  (PORT).    See  Port-Askaig. 

ASLEISK,  ruined  old  baronial  f  ortalice,  5 
miles  east  of  Forres,  Elginshire. 

ASSEL,  burn,  entering  Stinchar  river, 
Ayrshire. 

ASSLEED,  affluent  of  the  Ythan,  between 
New  Deer  and  Methlick  parishes,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

ASSYNT,  parish  in  extreme  south-west 
of  Sutherland.  It  contains  Lochinver 
village,  and  has  a  post  office  of  its  own 
name  under  Lairg.  Its  length  is  20  miles,  its 
greatest  breadth  11  miles.  Eeal  property  in 
1880-81,  £6649.  Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  2776 ; 
quoad  sacra,  1390.  The  coast  includes  all 
the  peninsula  terminating  in  Store  Point, 
and  goes  thence  to  south  side  of  head  of 
Kyle-Scow  ;  and  the  shore  for  the  most 
part  is  rocky,  bold,  and  dangerous.  Old- 
ney  Island,  and  numerous  islets  and  in- 
sulated rocks,  lie  adjacent.  The  interior 
is  one  of  the  most  rugged  tracts  in  Scot- 
land, and  may  be  described  as  mainly  an 
assemblage  of  towering  mountains,  rocky 
hills,  wild  crags,  and  deep  ravines,  with 
interspersion  of  lakes  and  numerous 
lakelets  and  tarns.  Quinag,  Suilven, 
Canisp,  and  Benmore-Assynt  are  chief 
mountains,  and  the  last  has  an  altitude  of 
3281  feet.  Loch  Assynt  is  the  chief  lake, 
measures  6f  miles  in  length,  and  about  1 
mile  in  extreme  breadth ;  has  intricate 
shores  and  a  winding  contour,  and  is 
flanked  and  overhung  by  diversified  crags 
and  mountains.  Several  caves  and  some 
natural  arches  are  on  the  coast,  and  some 
caves  are  in  the  interior.  Clachtoll  dun, 
Ardyrack  ruined  castle,  and  Calda  ruined 
mansion  are  the  chief  antiquities.  The 
churches  are  2  Established  and  2  Free. 
There  are  8  schools  for  539  scholars,  and 
4  of  them,  for  330,  are  new. 

ASTOUNE,  old  f ortalice  in  Alford  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

ATHELSTANEFORD,  village  and  parish 
in  north-west  of  Haddingtonshire.  The 
village  stands  3  miles  north-north-east  of 
Haddington,  adjoins  the  scene  of  an  early 
battle  between  the  Scotch  and  the  English, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Drem,  a  modern 
church  with  about  500  sittings,  remains  of 
a  church  of  the  12th  century,  and  a  public 
school  for  161  scholars. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Drem  village,  and  comprises 
5077  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£11,724.  Pop.  762.  The  surface  touches 
the  north  base  of  the  Garleton  Hills,  and 
has  considerable  inequalities.  Gilmerton, 
the  seat  of  Sir  David  Kinloch,  Bart.,  is  a 


chief  feature,  and  a  ruined  strong  man- 
sion of  the  Earls  of  Winton  is  a  chief 
antiquity. 

ATHOLE,  district  in  extreme  north  of 
Perthshire.  It  comprises  an  area  of  about 
450  square  miles ;  includes  a  prominent 
portion  of  the  Central  Grampians,  and  an 
extensive  deer  forest ;  exhibits  features  of 
alpine  height,  deep  glen,  rushing  stream, 
large  lake,  and  massive  wood,  eminently 
picturesque ;  gives  the  titles  of  earl,  mar- 
quis, and  duke  to  a  branch  of  the  family 
of  Murray,  and  contains  the  duke's  chief 
seat,  Blair  Castle. 

AUCHABER,   seat    in    Forgue  parish, 

AUCHANAULT,  place,  22J  miles  west  of 
Dingwall,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Ross-shire,  and  a  railway 
station. 

AUCHANS,  seat  in  Dundonald  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

AUCHENAIRN,  village,  3  miles  north-by- 
east  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  170  scholars.    Pop.  634. 

AUCHENBATHIE,  ruined  ancient  castle, 
once  the  property  of  Sir  William  Wallace, 
4^  miles  east-south-east  of  Lochwinnoch, 
Renfrewshire. 

AUCHENBLAE,  village,  5|  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Laurencekirk,  Kincardine- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Fordoun,  a  banking  office,  a  hotel,  a  town 
hall,  and  a  public  school. 

AUCHENCAIRN,  bay,  village,  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  in  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The 
bay  opens  at  7  miles  east  of  Kirkcudbright ; 
is  about  2|  miles  long  and  1  mile  wide  ;  has 
Heston  Isle  across  its  mouth,  causing  it  to 
look  like  a  lake ;  and  possesses  both  harbour 
for  small  craft  and  shelter  for  vessels  of  bur- 
den.— The  village  stands  at  the  bay's  head, 
is  a  sea-bathing  resort,  and  has  beautiful 
environs,  a  post  office,  with  monej^  order 
department,  under  Castle-Douglas,  2  inns, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  mixed 
and  infant  public  schools,  with  about  173 
and  157  scholars.  Pop.  441. — The  quoad 
sacra  parish  is  part  of  Rerrick,  and  was 
constituted  prior  to  1870.    Pop.  1037. 

AUCHENCRUIVE,  seat  and  railway 
station  in  St.  Quivox  parish,  near 
Ayr. 

AUCHENDAVY,  hamlet  on  site  of  a  fort 
of  Antoninus'  Wall,  2  miles  east  of  Kirk- 
intilloch, Dumbartonshire. 

AUCHENDRANE,  seat  of  Sir  Peter  Coats, 
and  quondam  castle,  the  scene  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  Ayrshire  Tragedy,  on  left 
bank  of  the  Doon,  near  the  Ayr  and 
Girvan  Railway,  Ayrshire. 

AUCHENDRYNE,  suburb  of  Castleton- 
Braemar,  Aberdeenshire.    Pop.  269. 

AUCHENGEAN,  hamlet  in  Falkirk 
parish,  Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  84  scholars. 

AUCHENGELLOCH,  wild  tract,  notable 
for  conventicles  of  the  Covenanters,  in 
Avondale  parish,  Lanarkshire. 


AUC 


23 


AUC 


AUCHENGOOL,  estate  inRerrick  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

AUCHENGRAY,  place,  5f  miles  north  of 
Carstairs  Junction,  Lanarkshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Lanark,  arid  a  railwaj' 
station. 

AUCHENHEATH,  village,  miles  south 
of  Larkhall,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  railway 
station,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
152  scholars.    Pop.  612. 

AUCHENLOCH,  small  village  in  Cadder 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

AUCHENREOCH,  seat  in  Strickathrow 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

AUCHENREOCH,  lake  in  Urr  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

AUCHENROATH,  seat  near  Rothes 
village,  Elginshire. 

AUCHENSAUGH,  hill,  2^  miles  south  of 
Douglas,  Lanarkshire.  It  was  the  scene 
of  a  notable  swearing  of  Solemn  League 
and  Covenant  by  a  body  of  Cameronians. 

AUCHENTORLIE,  seat,  near  Paisley, 
Renfrewshire. 

AUCHENTORLIE,  seat  and  vestiges  of 
ancient  hill-fort,  in  Old  Kilpatrick  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

AUCHERNACH,  seat  in  Strathdon 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

AUCHINBLAE.    See  Auchenblae. 

AUCHINCASS,  ruined  ancient  castle  on 
Evan  river,  near  Beattock,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

AUCHINCHEW,  cliff-walled  amphi- 
theatre, vale,  and  cascades,  on  south  coast 
of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

AUCHINCLOACH,  burn,  and  lands  with 
traditions  of  the  battle  of  1645,  in  Kilsyth 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

AUCHINCLOICH,  hamlet  in  Ochiltree 
parish,  Ayrshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Kilmarnock. 

AUCHINCRAW,  village,  3  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Chirnside,  Berwickshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Ayton. 

AUCHINDACHY,  railway  station,  3£ 
miles  south-west  of  Keith,  Banffshire. 

AUCHINDINNY,  village  on  the  North 
Esk,  with  railway  station,  8  miles  by  road, 
but  12  by  railway,  south  of  Edinburgh. 
Pop.  405. 

AUCHINDOIR,  parish,  averagely  7  miles 
nurth-west  of  Alford,  Aberdeenshire.  It 
contains  Lumsden  village,  with  post  office 
under  Aberdeen,  and  it  measures  about  7 
miles  in  both  length  and  breadth.  Acres, 
15,310.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6405. 
Pop.  1514.  The  surface  includes  part  of 
Buck  of  Cabrach  Mountain ;  comprises 
hill-ridges  of  very  various  height,  and 
intervening  vales  of  very  various  width ; 
and  is  traversed  by  Bogie  river.  The  seats 
are  Clova,  Craig,  and  Druminnor;  and 
the  chief  antiquity  is  the  ruin  of  an 
ancient  church  with  Saxon  doorway.  The 
churches  are  Established,  2  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Episcopalian,  and  there 
are  2  public  schools  for  200  scholars. 

AUCHINDUNE,  ruined  old  castle  in 
Mortlach  parish,  Banffshire. 


AUCHINFLOWER,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Ballantrae  parish,  Ayrshire. 

AU  CHINGR AMONT,  suburb  of  Hamil- 
ton, Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  United  Presby- 
terian church. 

AU CHINH ALRIG,  village  in  Bellie  parish, 
Banffshire. 

AUCHINLECK,— vulgarly  AFFLECK,— 
town  and  parish  in  east  of  Kyle  district, 
Ayrshire.  The  town  stands  on  Lugar 
water,  13f  miles  south-south-east  of  Kil- 
marnock, and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Cumnock  ;  a  rail- 
way station,  a  parochial  church,  a  United 
Original  Secession  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  303  scholars.  Pop.  1528. 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Common  -  Dyke,  Cronberry,  and  Dern- 
conner,  most  of  the  town  of  Lugar,  and 
small  part  of  the  town  of  Cumnock.  Its 
length  is  16  miles,  its  mean  breadth  not 
more  than  2.  Acres,  24,129.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £31,330.  Pop.  6681. 
The  eastern  section  is  hilly  and  wild,  and 
includes  some  lofty  summits  ;  the  western 
section,  low,  fertile,  and  embellished ;  and 
the  middle  section  is  of  medium  character. 
About  one-third  of  the  entire  area  is  in 
tillage.  Auchinleck  House,  3  miles  west 
of  the  town,  was  erected  by  the  judge 
Lord  Auchinleck,  father  of  the  biographer 
of  Dr.  Johnson.  A  ruined  baronial 
fortalice,  the  residence  of  the  early  Bos- 
wells  from  the  time  of  James  IV.,  stands 
in  that  mansion's  neighbourhood,  and 
remains  of  another  old  fortalice  are  in  the 
eastern  district.  There  are  6  schools  for 
1248  scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  an 
enlargement  for  250  are  new. 

AUCHINLECK,  lofty  hill,  4  miles  west  of 
Queensberry,  Dumfriesshire. 

AUCHINLILLY,  cascade  on  the  Carron, 
west  of  Denny,  Stirlingshire. 

AUCHINLOCHAN,  village  in  Kilfinan 
parish,  Argyleshire.    Pop.  340. 

AUCHINMULLY,  village  in  east  side  of 
Kilsyth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

AU CHINR  AITH,  village  in  Blantyre 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  687. 

AUCHINSTARRY,  seat  in  Kilsyth 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

AUCHINSTARRY,  village  in  Cumber- 
nauld parish,  Dumbartonshire.   Pop.  626. 

AU CHINTIBBER,  village  in  Blantyre 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  435. 

AUCHINTOUL,  seat  in  Marnock  parish, 
Banffshire. 

AUCHIRIES,  hamlet  in  Cruden  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  167  scholars. 

AUCHLEE,  estate,  with  two  well-pre- 
served ancient  Caledonian  stone  circles,  in 
Banchoi-y-Devenick  parish,  Kincardine- 
shire. 

AUCHLEEKS,  hamlet  and  seat  in  Blair  - 
Athole  parish,  Perthshire.  The  hamlet 
has  a  post  office  under  Blair- Athole. 

AUCHLEVEN,  village  in  Premnay 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Insch. 


AUG 


24 


AUC 


AUCHLOCHAN,  seat  near  Lesmahagow, 
Lanarkshire. 

AUCHLOSSEN,  lake  in  Lumphanan  and 
Aboyne  parishes,  Aberdeenshire. 

AUCHLUNIES,  seat  in  Maryculter  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

AUCHLUNKART,  seat  in  Boharm  parish, 
Banffshire. 

AUCHMEDDEN,  estate,  with  public 
school,  and  with  reach  of  bold  coast,  in 
Aberdour  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

AUCHMILL,  town,  with  large  quarries 
of  fine  granite,  3  miles  north-west  of 
Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Aberdeen.    Pop.  1319. 

AUCHMILLAN,  village,  2  miles  north  of 
Mauchline,  Ayrshire. 

AUCHMITHIE,  fishing  village,  Z\  miles 
north-east  of  Arbroath,  Forfarshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Arbroath,  a  chapel-of- 
ease,  and  an  ingenious  water  supply  pro- 
vided in  1880.  A  range  of  bold  cliffs  pierced 
with  caves  is  contiguous,  and  figures  as 
the  scene  of  the  escape  of  Sir  Arthur  and 
Miss  "Wardour  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Antiquary.  A  large  quantity  of  old  coins 
and  metal  tokens  was  discovered  in  the 
neighbouring  beach  in  1877.  Pop.  of  the 
village,  359. 

AUCHMORE,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Breadalbane,  at  the  head  of  Loch  Tay, 
Perthshire. 

AUCHMORE,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Lochalsh  parish,  Ross-shire. 

AUCHMUTY,  hamlet  in  Markinch  parish, 
Fife. 

AUCHNACARRY.    See  Achnacaeey. 

AUCHNACRAIG.    See  Achnaceaig. 

AUCHNAGATT,  place,  7J  miles  north 
of  Ellon,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Ellon,  and  a  railway  station. 

AUCHNASHEEN,  place,  28f  miles  west 
of  Dingwall,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post 
office,  designated  Auchnasheen,  Ross-shire ; 
a  railway  station,  and  a  hotel. 

AUCHNASHELLACH,  place,  1SJ  miles 
south-west  of  Auchnasheen,  Ross-shire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Lochcarron,  and 
a  railway  station. 

AUCHRY,  seat  in  Monquhitter  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

AUCHTERARDER,  town  and  parish  in 
south-east  of  Perthshire.  The  town  stands 
about  a  mile  from  a  railway  station  of  its 
own  name,  14  miles  south-west  of  Perth  ; 
dates  from  ancient  times,  and  was  once  a 
royal  burgh ;  passed  through  long  declension 
and  much  disaster,  but  eventually  became 
a  prosperous  seat  of  manufacture  ;  figured 
in  the  first  and  not  the  least  of  the  church 
conflicts  which  led  to  the  Disruption  of 
1843  ;  comprises  a  main  street  upwards  of 
a  mile  long,  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  2  banking  offices, 
2  hotels,  a  towered  town-hall  of  1872, 
Established,  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
and  Evangelical  Union  churches,  and  2 
public  schools.  Pop.  2666. — The  parish 
contains  also  Aberuthven,  Smith yhaugh, 


and  Borland-Park  villages,  and  mea- 
sures nearly  8  miles  in  length  and  about  3 
miles  in  breadth.  Acres,  11,181.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £19,452.  Pop.  3648. 
The  northern  section  undulates  or  de- 
clines to  the  river  Earn,  and  is  nearly  all 
arable ;  and  the  southern  section  rises 
toward  the  summit  line  of  the  Ochil  Hills. 
Chief  seats  are  Auchterarder  Castle  and 
Auchterarder  House  ;  and  a  chief  antiquity 
is  the  fragment  of  a  strong  castle  of 
Malcolm  Canmore.  There  are  5  schools  for 
671  scholars,  and2of  them,for  360,are  new. 

AUCHTERDERRAN,  parish,  containing 
most  of  Lochgelly  town,  and  part  of 
Cardenden  village,  in  south-west  of  Fife. 
It  measures  about  5  miles  by  3,  and  com- 
prises 7818  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £19,295.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
4332;  quoad  sacra,  1747.  The  surface  is 
beautified  by  Lochgelly  Lake,  and  about 
500  acres  of  wood,  and  includes  variously 
flat  ground,  valley,  and  hill.  The  churches 
are  Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian. There  are  3  public  schools  for 
1067  scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  an 
enlargement  for  510  are  new. 

AUCHTERGAVEN,— vulgarly  OCHTER- 
GAEN, — village  and  parish  in  Strathtay 
district,  Perthshire.  The  village  stands 
about  3  miles  north-west  of  Stanley  rail- 
way station,  and  9  north-north-west  of 
Perth,  and  is  a  straggling  place.  The 
parish  contains  also  the  post  office  village 
of  Bankfoot,  the  villages  of  Cairniehill 
and  Waterloo,  and  most  of  the  post  office 
village  of  Stanley.  Its  length  is  10  miles  ; 
its  mean  breadth  is  about  3  miles;  and 
its  area  is  12,941  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £15,048.  Pop.  2195.  The  surface 
rises  from  the  Tay,  up  Strathardie,  to  the 
summit  of  a  low  range  of  the  Grampians, 
and  consists  chiefly  of  swelling  knolls  and 
sloping  ridges.  The  seats  are  Stanley 
House,  Airleywight,  and  Tullybelton.  The 
poet  Nicol  was  a  native,  and  sang  the 
beauties  of  the  landscape  in  his  '  Bonnie 
Ordie  Braes.'  The  churches  are  the 
parochial,  with  nearly  1200  sittings,  2 
Free,  and  a  United  Presbyterian.  There  are 
2  public  schools  for  550  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  450  are  new. 

AUCHTERHOUSE,  village  and  parish  on 
south-west  border  of  Forfarshire.  The 
village  stands  7  miles  by  road,  but  much 
farther  by  railway,  north-west  of  Dundee, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  telegraph,  under 
Dundee,  and  a  railway  station.  The  parish 
measures  about  4£  by  3|  miles,  and  com- 
prises 5708  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £10,366.  Pop.  661.  The  sur- 
face rises  from  the  narrow  vale  of  Dighty 
water,  northward  to  summits  of  the  Sidlaw 
Hills,  is  diversified  by  undulating  heights, 
and  becomes  steep  and  precipitous  in  the 
north.  The  chief  residences  are  Auchter- 
house  and  Balbouchly,  the  former  an  old 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Airlie  ;  and  the  chief 
antiquity  is  the  fragment  of  a  strong 
baronial  fortalice,  said  to  have  been  visited 


AUC 


25 


AUL 


by  Sir  William  Wallace.  There  are  2 
public  schools,  male  and  female,  with 
about  77  and  53  scholars. 

AUCHTERLESS,  hamlet  and  parish  on 
north-west  border  of  Aberdeenshire.  The 
hamlet  lies  6  miles  south-by-west  of  Turriff, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  telegraph,  under 
Turriff,  and  a  railway  station.  The  parish 
contains  also  the  village  of  Gordonstown, 
and  is  about  8  miles  long.  Acres,  16,826. 
Keal  property  in  1879-80,  £14,772.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  2144;  quoad  sacra,  1948. 
The  surface  comprises  the  upper  part  of 
the  Ythan's  basin,  all  north-eastward  from 
a  line  within  about  a  mile  from  that 
river's  source.  Chief  antiquities  are  traces 
of  a  Eoman  camp,  and  remains  of  numerous 
ancient  Caledonian  stone  circles.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free.  There 
are  4  schools,  with  accommodation  for  365 

SCA°UCHTERMAIRNIE,  seat  in  Kennoway 
parish,  Fife. 

AUCHTERMUCHTY,  town  and  parish 
on  north-west  border  of  Fife.  The  town 
stands  adjacent  to  the  Kinross  and  Perth 
Railway,  4f  miles  west  of  Ladybank 
Junction ;  dates  from  ancient  times,  and 
was  once  a  royal  burgh ;  figures  in  the 
humorous  poem  ascribed  to  James  v.,  and 
entitled,  '  The  Wife  of  Auchtermuchty ; ' 
comprises  streets  and  lanes  of  irregular 
construction  ;  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  a  railway  station,  2  bank- 
ing offices,  2  chief  inns,  a  public  hall,  an 
Established  church,,  a  Free  church,  2 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  2 
public  schools.  Pop.  1673. — The  parish 
contains  also  most  of  Dunshelt  village. 
Acres,  3530.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£8498.  Pop.  4332.  The  limits  include  a 
portion  of  the  rich  strath  of  the  Eden,  and 
a  portion  of  the  Ochil  Hills.  The  seats 
areMyres  Castle,  Bellevue,  and  Southfield. 
There  are  5  schools  for  498  scholars,  and 
1  of  them,  for  70,  is  new. 

AUCHTERNEED,  small  village  at  head 
of  Strathpeffer,  and  skirt  of  Benwyvis, 
Ross-shire. 

AUCHTERTOOL,  village  and  parish  in 
south-west  of  Fife.  The  village  stands  2f 
miles  east  of  Cowdenbeath  railway  station, 
and  4|  west  of  Kirkcaldy,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Kirkcaldy.  Pop.,  with  New- 
bigging,  about  240. — The  parish  comprises 
2738  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£7789.  Pop.  706.  The  Cullalo  Hills, 
with  very  steep  acclivity,  are  in  the  west ; 
and  a  deep,  narrow  ravine,  with  cascade, 
is  in  the  east.  Other  chief  features  are 
Camilla  Loch,  and  ruined  Hallyards  House. 
There  are  2  schools  for  169  scholars. 

AUCHTERTYRE,  village  in  Newtyle 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

AUCHTON,  hamlet  in  Balquhidder 
parish,  Perthshire. 

AUCHTYFARDLE,  seat  near  Lesmaha- 
gow,  Lanarkshire. 

AUCHVISH,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  South  Knapdale  parish,  Argyleshire. 


AUGMUND'S  HOW,  ruined  ancient  fort 
on  Elsness  promontory,  Sanday  Island, 
Orkney. 

AUGUSTUS(FORT).  See  Fort-Augustus. 

AULDBAR,  railway  station,  and  modern- 
ized ancient  castle,  5  miles  east-north-east 
of  Forfar. 

AULD  DAVIE,  head-stream  of  the  Ythan, 
Aberdeenshire. 

AULDEARN,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
east of  Nairnshire.  The  village  stands 
2£  miles  south-east  of  Nairn,  dates  from 
remote  times,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Nairn.  Pop.  363. — The  parish  measures 
about  7  miles  by  5,  and  comprises  14,035 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,082. 
Pop.  1292.  The  surface  skirts  the  Moray 
Firth,  is  low,  yet  diversified  for  3  miles 
thence,  and  rises  afterwards  into  con- 
siderable hills.  The  battle  of  1645, 
between  the  Marquis  of  Montrose  and 
General  Hurry,  was  fought  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  village.  The  seats  are  Boath  and 
Lethen  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  the 
old  fortalice  of  Inshoch  Castle,  vestiges  of 
Moyness  Castle,  and  remains  of  2  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circles.  The  churches 
are  Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian ;  and  the  public  schools  are  2,  with 
about  123  scholars. 

AULDFIELD.    See  POLLOCKSHAWS. 

AULDGIRTH,  place  on  the  Nith,  near 
Glasgow  and  South-Western  Railway,  8 
miles  north-north-west  of  Dumfries.  It 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Dumfries, 
a  railway  station,  an  inn,  and  a 
bridge. 

AULDHOUSE,  burn,  entering  the  White 
Cart  at  Pollockshaws,  Renfrewshire. 

AULDNACHUIRN,  burn,  entering  the 
Lossie  in  Dallas  parish,  Elginshire. 

AULDWICK,  dismantled  ancient  baro- 
nial stronghold,  on  coast  of  Wick  parish, 
Caithness. 

AULD  WIFE'S  LIFT,  cromlech,  18  feet 
long  and  11  feet  broad,  in  Baldernock 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

AULTDINNY,  burn  in  Aboyne  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

AULTGRANDE,  small  river,  entering 
Cromarty  Firth  about  10  miles  north-east 
of  Dingwall,  Ross-shire.  It  issues  from 
Loch  Glass,  runs  about  7  miles  north-east- 
ward, traverses  a  profound  long  chasm, 
and  makes  a  series  of  cascades. 

AULTGUISH,  rivulet,  traversing  moun- 
tain forest  of  Rinsky,  to  north-west  side 
of  Loch  Ness,  nearly  opposite  the  Falls 
of  Foyers,  Inverness-shire.  It  makes  one 
leap  of  at  least  100  feet,  and  is  elsewhere 
a  continuous  cataract. 

AULTKOLLIE,  deep  tortuous  ravine  in 
Loth  parish,  Sutherland. 

AULTNACAILLICH,  birth-place  of  the 
famous  Gaelic  poet  Donn,  in  Durness 
parish,  Sutherland. 

AULTNAHARRA.    See  Altnaharea. 

AULTNANCOORACH,  affluent  of  the 
Aultgrande,  Ross-shire. 


AUL 


26 


AWE 


AULTROY,  burn  in  Aboyne  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

AULTSIGH,  rivulet,  issuing  from  tarn 
on  a  shoulder  of  Mealfourvounie  Mountain, 
and  descending  in  cataracts  and  leaps  to 
north-west  side  of  Loch  Ness,  Inverness- 
shire. 

AUQUHIRIE,  seat  in  Dunnottar  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

AUSDALE,  hamlet,  4  miles  south-west 
of  Berriedale,  Caithness ;  and  rivulet 
passing  that  hamlet  and  leaping  into  the 
sea  over  a  lofty  cliff. 

AUSKERRY,  small  island,  2|  miles  south 
of  Stronsay,  Orkney.  A  lighthouse  is  on 
it,  with  fixed  light  visible  at  the  distance 
of  16  nautical  miles.    Pop.  8. 

AVEN,  lake  and  river  in  south-west 
extremity  of  Banffshire.  The  lake  has  an 
elevation  of  about  1800  feet  above  sea-level, 
and  is  immediately  overhung  by  Cairngorm 
Mountains.  The  river  issues  from  the 
lake,  traverses  for  some  distance  an  alpine 
glen,  and  runs  altogether  about  30  miles, 
chiefly  northward,  to  the  Spey  at  Ballin- 
dalloch. 

AVICH,  lake  and  stream  in  Dalavich 
old  parish,  Argyleshire.  The  lake  com- 
mences 4  miles  east  of  head  of  Loch 
Melfort ;  measures  about  3|  miles  in 
length  and  7  furlongs  in  width;  has  fine 
ornature  of  outline,  banks,  and  islets  ;  and 
is  associated  with  2  notable  old  Celtic 
poems.  The  stream  issues  from  the  lake, 
and  runs  about  2  miles  to  Loch  Awe. 

AVIEMORE,  place,  adjacent  to  Highland 
Railway,  llf  miles  north-east  of  Kingussie, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  station  on  the 
railway,  and  a  post  office  designated  of 
Inverness-shire,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments. 

AVOCH,  fishing  town  and  parish  in 
Ardmeanach  district,  Ross-shire.  The 
town  stands  on  a  small  bay  of  its  own 
name,  If  mile  south-west  of  Fortrose, 
and  has  pleasant  environs,  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under 
Inverness,  an  inn,  a  good  pier,  Established, 
Free,  and  Congregational  churches,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  105  scholars. 
Pop.  905.— The  parish  is  about  4  miles 
long  and  2|  miles  broad.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £7395.  Pop.  1691.  The 
surface  is  partly  a  gentle  slope,  partly  a 
diversity  of  hill  and  dale,  partly  a  portion  of 
the  Mullbuy.  The  seats  are  Avoch  House 
and  Rosehaugh  ;  and  the  antiquities  are 
the  ruined  fortalice  of  Arkendeith,  and 
the  site  of  Avoch  Castle,  which  belonged 
to  successively  the  Earls  of  Ross  and 
the  Crown.  There  are  3  schools  for  382 
scholars,  and  1  of  them,  for  160,  is  new. 

AVOCHY,  seat  near  Huntly,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

AVON,  river,  running  about  18  miles 
eastward  and  north-eastward,  partly  be- 
tween Stirlingshire  and  Linlithgowshire, 
to  Firth  of  Forth,  at  2^  miles  west  of 
Borrowstounness. 

AVON,  river,  running  about  16  miles 


north-eastward  and  5^  north-westward  to 
the  Clyde,  in  vicinity  of  Hamilton,  Lanark- 
shire. It  traverses  first  a  moorish  tract, 
next  a  beautiful  diversified  lowland  tract, 
next  a  richly  romantic  dell. 
AVONBANK,  seat  near  Larkhall,  Lan- 

AVONBRIDGE,  village  on  the  Avon,  3£ 
miles  west  -  south  -  west  of  Slamannan, 
Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  railway  station 
and  a  United  Presbyterian  church. 

AVONDALE,  parish,  containing  Strath- 
aven  town,  on  west  border  of  Lanarkshire. 
Its  length  is  about  14  miles,  its  breadth 
about  8  miles,  its  area  37,533  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £39,948.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  5466 ;  quoad  sacra,  3216.  The 
area  is  pretty  equally  bisected  by  the 
Avon,  and  the  lands  comprise  flat  tracts 
on  that  river,  rising  grounds  from  both 
sides  of  these  flats,  and  moorish  eminences 
and  mosses  in  the  west.  Several  mansions 
are  near  Strathavon,  and  the  ruined  famous 
castle  of  Avondale  is  in  it.     There  are 

2  Established  churches,  a  Free  church, 

3  United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  6 
schools  for  855  scholars. 

AVONDHU,  head- stream  of  the  river 
Forth. 

AVONHEAD,  village  in  New  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public 
school,  with  about  130  scholars.   Pop.  435. 

AVONHOLM,  seat  in  Glassforcl  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

AVONSUIDH,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Dun- 
more,  in  Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

AVONTON,  seat  near  Linlithgow. 

AWE,  small  lake,  3  miles  south  of  head 
of  Loch  Assynt,  Sutherland.  It  lies 
among  massive  mountains,  and  contains 
wooded  islets. 

AWE,  lake,  river,  and  pass  in  central 
part  of  mainland  of  Argyleshire.  The 
lake  extends  24  miles  north-north-east- 
ward to  base  of  Bencruachan,  has  a  mean 
breadth  of  not  more  than  a  mile,  but  ex- 
pands towards  the  foot  to  a  mean  breadth 
of  about  2  miles ;  forms  there  2  off- 
sets or  horns,  the  one  receiving  the  river 
Orchy,  the  other  discharging  the  river 
Awe ;  exhibits  great  variety  of  scenery, 
passing  from  plainness  at  the  head  to  gor- 
geous grandeur  at  the  foot ;  looks,  in  its 
broadest  parts,  to  be  remarkably  small,  as 
compared  with  the  magnitude  and  loftiness 
of  the  mountains  overhanging  it ;  has 
everywhere,  but  especially  toward  the 
foot,  much  intricacy  and  ornature  of  shore 
line  ;  possesses  much  diversity  and  wealth 
of  trout-fishing,  all  open  to  the  public  ; 
began,  in  the  summer  of  1876,  to  be  tra- 
versed by  a  screw-steamer,  in  communica- 
tion with  public  conveyances  to  its  shores ; 
is  now  crossed  near  its  foot  by  the  Callan- 
der and  Oban  Railway,  sweeping  round  to 
the  gorge  of  Awe  river;  and  has  at  its 
foot  a  railway  station,  a  steamboat  pier, 
and  a  new  hotel. — The  river  leaves  the 
lake  in  calm  current,  enters  a  narrow, 
deep,  stupendous  gorge,  traverses  there  a 


AYL 


27 


AYR 


wildly  broken,  rocky  bottom,  and  goes  4 
miles  north-westward,  mostly  in  tumultu- 
ous rush,  to  Loch  Etive  at  Buna  we. — The 
pass  occurs  in  the  river's  gorge  ;  is  flanked 
at  one  part  by  a  precipice  1308  feet  high ; 
was  formerly  traversable  there  only  by  an 
almost  mural  ascent,  commanded  at  the 
top  by  a  fortalice,  but  is  now  facilitated 
by  a  bridge  ;  and  was  the  scene  of  an 
exploit  by  Sir  William  "Wallace,  and  a 
skirmish  between  King  Eobert  Bruce  and 
Macdougal  of  Lorn. 

AYLORT,  sea-loch,  between  Moydart 
and  Arasaig  districts,  Inverness-shire.  _  It 
is  4  miles  wide  at  the  mouth,  divides 
into  2  parts,  Loch  Aylort  proper  on  the 
south,  Loch-na-Nua  on  the  north,  and  has 
a  total  length  from  west  to  east  of  9 
miles. 

AYR,  river,  bay,  and  headlands  in  Ayr- 
shire. The  river  rises  on  the  eastern 
border  of  the  widest  part  of  the  county  ; 
traverses,  first,  bleak  moors  and  hill  pas- 
tures, next,  an  ornate  plain,  next,  a  low 
narrow  dell ;  is  subject  to  such  freshets  as 
make  it,  in  Burns'  phrase,  'just  one  long 
lengthened  tumbling  sea ; '  and  runs  alto- 
gether about  33  miles  westward  to  Ayr 
bay  at  Ayr  town. — The  bay  is  a  lateral 
expansion  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde  ;  has  a 
land-line  in  nearly  the  form  of  a  segment 
of  a  circle,  with  prevailingly  low  shores ; 
and  measures  20  miles  oouth-south-east- 
ward  from  Fairlie  Head  to  Ayr  Heads, 
and  nearly  7  miles  in  mean  breadth. — The 
headland,  or  Ayr  Heads,  are  rocky,  pre- 
cipitous projections  from  the  skirt  of 
Brown  Carrick  Hill,  and  have  a  height  of 
about  200  feet. 

AYR,  town  and  parish  on  coast  of  Ayr- 
shire. The  town  stands  at  mouth  of  Ayr 
river,  and  is  bisected  by  it  into  nearly 
equal  parts;  comprises,  on  the  left  side, 
Ayr  proper,  on  the  right  side,  Newton- 
upon-Ayr,  Wallacetown,  and  Content ; 
forms,  nevertheless,  one  strictly  compact 
town  ;  commands  charming  views  around 
the  bay  and  across  to  Arran ;  ranks  as  a 
royal  and  parliamentary  burgh,  a  seat  of 
county  and  judiciary  courts,  and  a  head 
port ;  consists  partly  of  handsome  square 
and  streets,  partly  of  neat  but  plain 
thoroughfares,  partly  of  poor  or  antiquated 
quarters ;  includes  a  new  suburb,  com- 
pleted to  the  extent  of  about  60  cottages 
in  May  1880  ;  carries  on  a  variety  and 
large  aggregate  of  manufacture  and  com- 
merce ;  publishes  3  newspapers ;  and  has 
a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
2  railway  stations,  7  banking  offices,  5 
hotels,  several  ornamental  public  build- 
ings, 3  Established  churches,  4  Free 
churches,  2  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
Original  Secession,  Congregational,  Evan- 
gelical Union,  Episcopalian,  Methodist, 
Moravian,  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
and  a  number  of  educational  and  miscel- 
laneous institutions.  The  Town  Buildings 
and  Assembly  Booms,  at  corner  of  High 
Street  and  Sandgate,  are  an  elegant  edifice, 


with  tower  and  spire  226  feet  high.  The 
Municipal  Court-rooms  and  Public  Hall, 
contiguous  to  those  buildings,  were  com- 
pleted in  September  1881,  at  a  cost  of 
about  £30,000 ;  and  the  hall  in  them  has 
accommodation  for  about  1500  persons. 
The  County  Buildings,  in  Wellington 
Square,  are  on  the  model  of  an  ancient 
temple  in  Rome,  and  cost  upwards  of 
£30,000.  Wallace  Tower,  in  High  Street, 
is  a  Gothic  structure  of  1830,  with  a  statue 
of  Wallace  in  its  front,  and  with  the 

1  dungeon  clock '  removed  to  it  from  an 
old  demolished  steeple.  The  '  Twa  Brigs ' 
of  Burns'  dialogue  stand  within  500  yards 
of  each  other ;  and  the  new  one  showed 
signs  of  giving  way  in  January  1877,  and 
was  replaced  by  a  five-arched  structure,  at 
a  cost  of  £16,300.  One  of  the  Established 
churches  is  a  cruciform  edifice  of  the  17th 
century,  and  was  erected  in  lieu  of  a  very 
ancient  one  which  Cromwell  environed 
with  a  large  fort,  and  converted  into  an 
armoury.  The  new  Academy  was  opened 
in  September  1880,  cost  about  £8000,  and 
has  accommodation  for  about  550  scholars. 

2  new  public  schools  were  erected  in 
1875,  at  a  cost  of  £8672,  and  have  accom- 
modation for  1000  scholars ;  and  a  new 
industrial  school  was  erected  in  1876,  at  a 
cost  of  £5500.  A  new  hospital,  measuring 
240  by  120  feet,  was  founded  in  1881. 
The  harbour  was  formerly  shallow  and 
inconvenient,  but  underwent  great  im- 
provement and  extension  in  1874-78,  at  a 
cost  of  about  £200,000.  A  new  dock  was 
then  formed,  measuring  650  feet  by  400, 
comprising  7i  acres  of  water  area,  rising 
in  its  quay  walls  33  feet  from  foundation 
to  coping,  and  having  a  water  depth  on 
the  sill  of  22  feet  at  high  water  of  spring- 
tides. Three  hydraulic  hoists  also  were 
then  erected,  at  a  further  cost  of  £9700. 
A  new  slip  dock  and  a  fine  esplanade  were 
contracted  for  in  May  1880,  to  cost  £13,036. 
The  shipping  in  the  year  1879  comprised 
2392  British  vessels,  of  251,303  tons,  and 
16  foreign  vessels,  of  4665  tons,  inward ; 
and  2367  British  vessels,  of  236,858  tons, 
and  15  foreign  vessels,  of  4480  tons,  out- 
ward. The  parliamentary  burgh  unites 
with  Irvine,  Campbelton,  Inverary,  and 
Oban  in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £94,078.  Pop. 
20,987. 

The  parish  includes  the  royal  burgh, 
extends  from  the  xiver  Ayr  to  the  river 
Doon,  and  measures  about  5|  miles  by  4. 
Acres,  6935.  Real  property  of  landward 
part  in  1880-81,  £17,204.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  quoad  civilia,  10,086 ;  quoad  sacra, 
9582.  The  western  section  is  low,  flat,  and 
fertile ;  but  the  eastern  section  rises 
gradually  to  the  boundary,  and  is  com- 
paratively unproductive.  The  chief  seats 
are  Castlehill,  Rozelle,  Newark,  Cambus- 
doon,  Doonholm,  Bellisle,  and  Mount 
Charles.  The  parochial  charge  is  double  ; 
and  there  is  a  church  at  Alloway.  The 
burgh    has    17    schools,    with  accom- 


AYE 


28 


BAC 


modation  for  about  4226  scholars,  and 
Alloway  has  1  with  accommodation  for 
148. 

AYR  ROAD,  railway  station,  1^  miles 
south-east  of  Larkhall,  Lanarkshire. 

AYRSHIRE,  maritime  county  on  east 
side  of  Firth  of  Clyde,  bounded  inland  by 
Renfrewshire,  Lanarkshire,  Dumfriesshire, 
Kirkcudbrightshire,  and  Wigtonshire.  Its 
length,  from  north  to  south,  is  60  miles ; 
its  breadth  varies  from  a  few  miles  to  30 ; 
and  its  area  is  1149  square  miles.  Its  form 
is  proximately  that  of  a  half-moon,  with 
the  concavity  to  the  west,  but  curved  much 
more  in  the  north  than  in  the  south.  Its 
natural  features  and  popular  nomenclature 
divide  it  into  Cunningham,  north  of  the 
river  Irvine ;  Kyle,  between  the  river  Irvine 
and  the  river  Doon ;  and  Carrick,  south  of 
the  river  Doon.  Custom  also  sub-divides 
Kyle,  by  the  river  Ayr,  into  Kyle  Stewart 
and  King's  Kyle.  Cunningham  and  Kyle 
are  mostly  low  country,  with  low  coast, 
but  have  interior  diversities  and  a  hilly 
border ;  and  Carrick,  though  containing 
considerable  aggregate  of  arable  land,  is 
largely  occupied  by  the  western  end  of  the 
Southern  Highlands,  and  consists  mostly 
of  a  broken  assemblage  of  hill,  moor,  and 
mountain.  A  large  proportion  of  the 
entire  county,  together  with  the  flanking 
reaches  of  Firth  of  Clyde  and  the  mountains 
on  the  western  horizon,  forms  one  con- 
tinuous landscape,  as  seen  from  thousands 
of  vantage-grounds  within  its  own  limits. 
The  chief  rivers,  besides  the  Irvine,  the 
Ayr,  and  the  Doon,  are  the  Garnock,  the 
Girvan,  and  the  Stinchar;  and  the  chief 
lake  is  Doon.  Sandstone,  limestone,  coal, 
and  ironstone  abound,  and  are  extensively 
worked.  The  soils  range  from  rich  loam 
to  barren  moor,  or  from  best  to  worst,  but 
may  be  characterized  as  sandy  on  the  coast, 
clayey  in  the  interior  low  tracts,  and 
heathy  or  mossy  on  the  uplands.  Agri- 
culture in  all  departments,  but  specially 
in  the  dairy  husbandry,  is  skilful  and 
flourishing.  Principal  industries  are  iron- 
working,  engine  -  making,  coal  -  mining, 
woollen  manufacture,  cotton  manufacture, 
and  pottery  work.  The  chief  towns  are  Ayr 
and  Kilmarnock ;  the  other  towns,  with  each 
more  than  3000  inhabitants,  are  Ardrossan, 
Beith,  Dairy,  Galston,  Girvan,  Hurl- 
ford,  Irvine,  Kilbirnie,  Kilwinning,  May- 
bole,  Saltcoats,  Stevenston,  and  Stewar- 
ton  ;  the  others,  with  each  more  than  2000 
inhabitants,  are  Catrine,  Cumnock,  Largs, 
Muirkirk,  Newmilns,  and  Troon ;  the 
others,  with  each  more  than  1000  inhabi- 
tants, are  Annbank,  Auchinleck,  Bank- 
head,  Burnfoothill,  Dalmellington,  Darvel, 
Eglinton,  Kilmaurs,  Lugar,  Mauchline, 
"Waterside,  and  West  Kilbride  ;  and  the 
villages,  with  each  more  than  300  in- 
habitants, amount  to  48.  Ayrshire 
belonged  anciently  to  the  Damnii  and  the 
Novantes ;  passed  to  successively  the 
Romans,  the  Cambrians,  and  the  North- 
umbrians ;  was  the  scene  of  many  of 


"Wallace's  and  Bruce's  conflicts  with  the 
English  ;  and  figured  prominently  in  the 
sufferings  and  struggles  of  the  Covenanters. 
It  contains  many  monuments  of  all  times, 
from  the  Caledonian  downward,  and  is 
noted  for  the  abbey  ruins  of  Kilwinning 
and  Crossraguel.  It  is  now  divided  ad- 
ministratively into  the  districts  of  Ayr 
and  Kilmarnock,  and  representatively  into 
the  divisions  of  north  and  south,  each 
division  sending  a  member  to  Parliament. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £1,085,710.  Pop. 
in  1871,  200,809 ;  in  1881,  217,504. 

AYTON,  village  and  parish  on  coast  of 
Berwickshire.  The  village  stands  on  Eye 
water,  21  miles  south-east  of  Dunbar,  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
a  railway  station,  2  banking  offices, 
3  inns,  a  fine  parochial  church  of 
1865,  2  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  2  public  schools  with  about  233 
scholars.  Pop.  771.  —  The  parish  con- 
tains also  part  of  Burnmouth  vil- 
lage, and  small  part  of  Eyemouth  town, 
and  measures  about  4^  miles  by  3^. 
Acres,  6699.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£15,897.  _  Pop.  2040.  The  coast  is  rocky 
and  precipitous  ;  the  southern  part  of  the 
interior  is  hilly,  and  the  northern  part  is 
undulating.  The  seats  are  Ayton  Castle, 
Gunsgreen,  Netherbyres,  Prenderguest, 
Peelwalls,  and  Whiterig ;  and  the  first  of 
them  stands  near  the  village,  was  rebuilt 
in  1851,  and  occupies  the  site  of  an  ancient 
fortalice  which  figured  in  the  Border  war- 
fare.   A  public  school  is  at  Burnmouth. 


BA,  island  in  Applecross  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

BA,  lake  and  rivulet  in  Torosay  parish, 
Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

BA,  hill  in  Drumblade  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

BAADS,  estate  in  West  Calder  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

BAADS,  battlefield  in  960,  between  the 
Scots  and  the  Danes,  near  Cullen,  Banff- 
shire. 

BABERTNESS,  headland,  6  miles  east- 
by-south  of  St.  Andrews,  Fife. 

BABERTON,  seat  in  Currie  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. It  is  said  to  have  belonged  to 
James  VI.,  and  it  was  occupied  for  some 
time  by  Charles  x.  of  France. 

BABYLON,  quondam  Owenite  establish- 
ment, near  Bellshill,  Lanarkshire.  It  cost 
about  £48,000,  and  went  to  utter  ruin. 

BACHBEG  and  BACHMORE,  two  of  the 
Treshinish  isles,  near  north-west  coast  of 
Mull,  Argyleshire. 

BACK,  village  in  Stornoway  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Stornoway,  and  a  Free  church.    Pop.  582. 

BACKBURN,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Beith  parish,  Ayrshire. 

BACKIES,  village  and  ruined  Pictish 
tower  in  Golspie  parish,  Sutherland.  The 
village  has  a  public  school,  with  about  64 
scholars. 


BAC 


2' 


"J 


BAL 


BACKIES,  hunting-lodge  in  Glenbucket 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

BACKLESS,  hill  in  Watten  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

BACKMUIR,  village  in  Liff  parish,  south- 
west border  of  Forfarshire. 

BACKMUIR,  village  in  Largo  parish, 
Fife. 

BACKWATER,  hamlet,  and  affluent  of 
the  Isla,  in  Lintrathen  parish,  Forfarshire. 
The  hamlet  has  a  public  school. 

BADCALL,  rivulet,  bay,  and  hamlet, 
in  Edderachyllis  parish,  Sutherland.  The 
rivulet  receives  the  outflow  of  a  chain  of 
small  trouting  lakes,  and  runs  6  miles 
westward  to  the  bay ;  the  bay  extends 
about  1^  mile  to  the  sea,  and  is  sheltered 
at  its  mouth  by  a  group  of  islets  ;  and  the 
hamlet  lies  at  the  bay's  head,  and  has  the 
parochial  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  69  scholars. 

BADDAGYIE,  lake  in  Coigach  district, 
Cromartyshire. 

BADEN,  lake  in  upper  part  of  Kildonan 
parish,  Sutherland. 

BADENOCH,  district  in  south-east  of 
Inverness-shire.  It  comprises  the  basin  of 
the  Spey,  from  the  sources  of  that  river  to 
vicinity  of  Upper  Craigellachie  ;  measures 
about  35  miles  in  length  and  28  miles  in 
breadth  ;  is  bounded  on  one  side  by  sum- 
mits of  the  Central  Gi-ampians,  on  the  other 
side  by  the  summits  of  the  Monadhleadh 
Mountains ;  and,  excepting  tracts  adjacent 
to  the  river,  exhibits  everywhere  a  wildly 
Highland  character.  It  belonged  anciently 
to  the  Comyns,  and  passed,  in  the  time  of 
Robert  n.,  to  the  '  Wolf  of  Badenoch,'  the 
Earl  of  Buchan. 

BADENSCOTH,  village  in  Auchterless 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Aberdeen,  a  banking  office,  and  2 
public  schools,  male  and  female,  with 
about  79  and  76  scholars. 

BADENTOY,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Banchory-Devenick  parish,  Kincardine- 
shire. 

BADENYON,  quondam  old  castle,  cele- 
brated in  the  song  of  '  John  o'  Badeny on, ' 
in  Glenbucket  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

BAH.    See  Ba. 

BAHIA,  sea-loch  in  north-east  of  Barra 
Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

BAIDLAND,  hill  in  Dairy  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

BAIKIE,  quondam  noble  castle  in  Airlie 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

BAILEUR,  place  on  south-east  side,  near 
mouth  of  Loch  Killisport,  Argyleshire. 

BAILLIESTON,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  the  north  of  Lanarkshire.  The 
town  stands  6f  miles  east  of  Glasgow,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Glasgow,  a  railway 
station,  and  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Episcopalian  churches. 
Pop.  2927.  The  quoad  sacra  parish  bears 
the  alternative  name  of  Crosshill.  Pop. 
3477. 

BAINSFORD,  suburb  of  Falkirk,  Stirling- 
shire.   It  stands  on  the  Forth  and  Clyde 


canal,  about  a  mile  north  of  Falkirk 
proper ;  connects,  in  street  continuity, 
with  Grahamstown ;  and  has  a  Free 
church  of  1880,  and  industrial  connection 
with  Carron  ironworks. 

BALADO,  railway  station,  3  miles  east  of 
Crook  of  Devon,  Kinross-shire. 

BALAKLAVA,  village  a  little  west  of 
Johnstone,  Renfrewshire.  It  was  founded 
in  1856  in  connection  with  ironstone  mines. 

BALALLAN,  village  in  Lochs  parish, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  535. 

BALAS,  seat  in  Cupar  parish,  Fife. 

BALBARDIE,  seat  and  lake  near  Bath- 
gate, Linlithgowshire. 

BALBEGGIE,  village,  miles  north-east 
of  Perth.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Perth, 
a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  51  scholars. 

BALBEGNO,  castle  of  1509,  near  Fetter- 
cairn,  Kincardineshire. 

BALBEUCHLY,  estate  in  Auchterhouse 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

BALBIRNIE,  village  and  seat  near  Mark- 
inch,  Fife.  The  village  is  called  Balbirnie 
Mills. 

BALBIRNIE,  village  in  Ruthven  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BALBITHAN,  old  seat  inKeithhall  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  figures  in  the  history 
of  the  Marquis  of  Montrose,  and  in  that  of 
the  fugitives  from  Culloden  field. 

BALBLAIR,  place  in  Kilmorack  parish, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  105  scholars. 

BALBLAIR,  place  in  Fodderty  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

BALBLAIR,  lofty  terrace,  about  a  mile 
west  of  Nairn.  It  was  the  camping-place 
of  the  royal  army  on  the  eve  of  the  battle 
of  Culloden. 

BALBROGIE,  village  in  Coupar-Angus 
parish,  Perthshire. 

BALBUNNOCK,  village  in  Longf  organ 
parish,  Perthshire. 

BALCARRES,  seat  of  Sir  Coutts  T. 
Lindsay,  Bart.,  in  Kilconquhar  parish, 
Fife.  It  is  a  renovated  Tudor  edifice,  and 
it  belonged  to  the  ancestors  of  the  Earl  of 
Crawford,  and  gives  him  the  titles  of 
baron  and  earl. 

BALCARRY,  seat  and  headland  in 
Rerrick  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BALCASKIE,  seat  of  Sir  Robert  An- 
struther,  Bart.,  2  miles  north-west  of 
Pittenweem,  Fife. 

BALCASTLE,  hamlet  in  Slamannan 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

BALCASTLE,  ancient  Caledonian  fort, 
near  Kilsyth,  Stirlingshire. 

BALCHRISTIE,  seat  on  site  of  ancient 
Culdee  cell,  near  Colinsburgh,  Fife. 

BALCLADDICH,  bay,  6£  miles  north- 
west of  Lochinver,  Sutherland. 

BALCLUTHA,place  mentioned  in  Ossian, 
supposed  to  be  Dumbarton  rock  or  castle. 

BALCOMIE,  quondam  seat  of  the  Earls 
of  Kellie,  near  Crail,  Fife.  It  was  once- 
very  large,  but  became  curtailed  into  a 
j  farmhouse. 


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30 


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BALCONY,  castellated  mansion,  formerly 
a  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Ross,  near  Evanton, 
Ross-shire. 

BALCRUVIE,  ruined  ancient  castle  in 
Largo  parish,  Fife. 

BALCURVIE,  village  in  Markinch  parish, 
Fife.  It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
83  scholars. 

BALDERNOCK,  parish  on  south  border 
of  Stirlingshire,  averagely  1\  miles  north 
of  Glasgow.  Post  town,  Glasgow.  Acres, 
4322.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £3868. 
Pop.  569.  The  surface  rises  from  the 
river  Kelvin  to  the  skirt  of  Campsie  Fells, 
and  comprises  successively  alluvial  flat, 
swelling  knolls,  and  moorish  hill.  The 
minerals  include  coal,  lime,  ironstone,  fire- 
clay, pyrites,  and  alum-ore  ;  and  an  in- 
teresting antiquity  is  the  large  cromlech, 
called  Auld  Wife's  Lift.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  The  public 
school  has  accommodation  for  105  scholars. 

BALDOON,  estate,  with  ruined  castle,  \\ 
miles  south- south-west  of  "Wigton.  The 
castle  was  the  scene  of  the  incident  which 
suggested  to  Sir  Walter  Scott  the  tragic 
end  of  his  Bride  of  Lammermoor . 

BALDOVAN,  village,  with  railway  sta- 
tion, 7f  miles  north-north- west  of  Dundee. 
Baldovan  House  is  the  seat  of  Sir  John 
Ogilvie,  Bart. 

BALDOVIE,  hamlet  and  seat  near  Kirrie- 
muir, Forfarshire.  The  hamlet  has  a  post 
office  under  Dundee. 

BALDOWRIE,  seat  on  south-west  border 
of  Forfarshire,  near  Coupar- Angus. 

BALDRAGON,  railway  station,  8f  miles 
north-north-west  of  Dundee. 

BALDRIDGE,  estate  and  suburb  on  north- 
west side  of  Dunfermline,  Fife.  The 
suburb  has  a  public  school  with  about  240 
scliolctrs 

BALERNO,  village  on  Water  of  Leith,  7 
miles  south-west  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
under  Currie,  a  railway  station,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  112  scholars.    Pop.  474. 

BALFIELD,  hamlet  in  Lethnot  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BALFOUR,  remnant  of  castle  built  by 
Cardinal  Beaton,  in  Kingoldrum  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BALFOUR,  seat  on  the  Leven,  in  Mark- 
inch  parish,  Fife. 

BALFOUR,  seat  near  Kincardine  O'Neil, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BALFOUR,  hamlet  and  splendid  modern 
mansion  in  Shapinshay  Island,  Orkney. 
The  hamlet  has  a  post  office  under  Kirk- 
wall. 

BALFRISHEL,  village  in  Boleskine 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

BALFRON,  town  and  parish  in  Strath- 
endrick  district,  Stirlingshire.  The  town 
stands  on  Endrick  river,  1\  mile  east  of  a 
railway  station  of  its  own  name,  19f  miles 
west-south-west  of  Stirling ;  is  a  neat 
modern  seat  of  manufacture,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 


departments,  under  Glasgow,  a  banking 
office,  a  parochial  church,  a  United  Pres- 
byterian church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  147  scholars.  Pop.  970. — The  parish 
contains  also  Holm  of  Balfron  hamlet,  and 
is  about  11  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad. 
Acres,  7820.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£7767.  Pop.  1327.  The  surface  includes 
a  fine  tract  of  6  miles  along  the  Endrick, 
and  rises  thence  northward  to  Balgair 
Moor.  There  are  a  Free  church  for  Kill- 
earn  and  Balfron,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  at  Holm  of  Balfron,  and  2  public 
schools  for  288  scholars. 

BALGAIR,  estate  in  Balfron  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

BALGARVIE,  seat  in  Monimail  parish, 
Fife. 

B  ALGA  VIES,  seat  and  lake  near  Auld- 
bar  railway  station,  Forfarshire. 

BALGAY,  wooded  hill,  with  public  park, 
in  north-western  outskirts  of  Dundee. 

BALGEDDIE,  hamlet  in  Portmoak  parish, 
Kinross-shire.  It  has  a  United  Presby- 
terian church. 

BALGIE,  rivulet  in  Applecross  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

BALGLASS,  estate  in  Killearn  parisb, 
Stirlingshire.  An  ancient  fortalice  on  it 
is  believed  to  have  been  a  retreat  of  Sir 
William  Wallace. 

BALGONAR,  seat  in  Saline  parish,  Fife. 

BALGONE,  seat  of  Sir  George  Suttie, 
Bart.,  in  North  Berwick  parish,  Hadding- 
tonshire. 

BALGONIE,  or  MILTON  OF  BALGONIE, 

quoad  sacra  parish  with  village  on  river 
Leven,  2  miles  south-east  of  Markinch, 
Fife.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Markinch, 
an  Established  church  with  650  sittings, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  80  scholars. 
Pop.  1394.  Coalton,  or  Coalton  of  Bal- 
gonie,  village  is  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  419. 
Balgonie  House  and  Balgonie  Castle  are 
also  in  the  vicinity,  and  the  latter  is  a  large 
ancient  baronial  fortalice,  and  was  once  a 
seat  of  the  Earls  of  Leven. 

BALGOWAN,  railway  station,  estate, 
and  public  school,  9  miles  west  of  Perth. 
The  school  has  about  87  scholars. 

BALGOWN,  bay  in  Kirkmaiden  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

BALGOWNIE,  seat  and  bridge  in  Old 
Machar  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

BALGRAY,  hamlet  on  the  Kelvin,  about 
3  miles  north -north-west  of  Glasgow. 
Nearly  30  fossil  trees  were  discovered 
in  a  quarry  here,  about  1828,  all  exogenous, 
standing  close  to  one  another  in  their 
natural  position. 

BALGRAY,  hamlet  in  Tealing  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BALGREGGAN,  seat  in  Stoneykirk 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

BALHADDIE,  hamlet  in  Ardoch  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BALHARY,  seat  in  Alyth  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

BALIGARVE,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Lismore  parish,  Argyleshire. 


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3 


1 


BAL 


BALIGIL,  burn  on  east  boundary  of 
Farr  parish,  Sutherland. 

BALIGRUNDLE,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Lismore  parish,  Argyleshire. 

BALINTORE.    See  Ballintoke. 

BALINTRAID,  harbour  with  pier  in 
Kilmuir-Easter  parish,  Eoss-shire. 

BALISHEAR,  island,  about  3^  miles  long, 
near  south-west  coast  of  North  XJist,  Outer 
Hebrides.    Pop.  197. 

BALKAIL,  seat  adjacent  to  Glenluce, 
Wigtonshire. 

BALKELLO,  hamlet  in  Tealing  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BALLACHULISH,  town  on  northern 
verge  of  Argyleshire,  and  quoad  sacra 
parish,  partly  also  in  Inverness-shire. 
The  town  comprises  Ballachulish  Ferry  on 
Loch  Leven,  11J  miles  south-south-west 
of  Fort-William, and  Ballachulish  quarries, 
in  mouth  of  Glencoe,  a  short  distance  to 
the  east ;  is  a  centre  of  business,  and  of 
tourist  routes  for  an  extensive  surround- 
ing country ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
telegraph,  under  Fort-William,  a  banking 
office,  a  hotel,  an  Established  church, 
enlarged  in  1880,  a  Free  church,  and 
a  notable  Episcopalian  church.  Slate 
quarries  here  began  to  be  worked  in  1697, 
underwent  great  stimulation  in  1863, 
and  yield  about  15,000,000  of  slates  a 
year.  Pop.  of  the  town,  1075. — The  quoad 
sacra  parish  excludes  the  town,  and  is 
called  either  North  Ballachulish  or  Balla- 
chulish and  Ardgour,  and  has  Established, 
Free,  and  Episcopalian  churches.  Pop.  749. 

BALLAGAN,  cascade  of  70  feet  on 
Blane  river,  at  its  emergence  from  Lennox 
Hills,  in  Strathblane,  Stirlingshire. 

BALLANBREICH  (popularly  BAM- 
BREICH),  barony  on  the  Tay,  in  Flisk 
parish,  Fife.  It  gives  the-  title  of  baroness 
to  the  Countess  of  Rothes,  and  it  retains 
ruins  of  a  magnificent  ancient  castle. 

BALLANDARG,  seat  in  Kirriemuir 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

BALLANGEICH,  ancient  footway  from 
north  side  of  Stirling  Castle,  Stirling.  It 
was  James  v.'s  line  of  exit  on  his  eccentric 
incognito  expeditions,  and  gave  him  the 
popular  soubriquet  of  'Gudeman  o'  Ballan- 
geich.' 

BALLANREE,  cliff  at  Berigonium  on 
Ardchattan  coast,  Argyleshire.  Its  name 
signifies  'King's  town,'  and  aids  the 
traditional  fancy  that  Berigonium  was  a 
capital  or  royal  city  of  Dalriada. 

BALLANTRAE,  village  and  parish  in 
south-western  extremity  of  Ayrshire. 
The  village  stands  on  Stinchar  river,  near 
the'  sea,  12^  miles  south-south-west  of 
Gii -van,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Girvan,  a  banking  office,  an  inn,  an 
artificial  tidal  harbour,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  201  scholars.  Pop.  424. —The 
parish  contains  also  Glenapp  hamlet,  and 
is  about  10  miles  long  and  nearly  10  miles 
broad.    Acres,  33,561.    Real  property  in 


1880-81,  £15,214.  Pop.  1442.  The  land 
is  much  diversified,  and  rises  from  low 
ground  on  the  shore  to  mountains  on 
the  flank  of  the  Southern  Highlands. 
There  are  4  schools  for  366  scholars,  and  2 
of  them  and  a  class-room  for  170  are  new. 

BALLAT,  bog  in  Drymen  parish,  Stir- 
lingshire. It  lies  at  the  watershed  between 
the  Clyde  and  the  Forth,  yet  is  only  222 
feet  above  sea-level. 

BALLATER,  village  on  the  Dee,  43£ 
miles  west-by-south  of  Aberdeen.  It 
presents  a  pleasant  appearance,  amid 
charming  environs  ;  is  a  favourite  summer 
resort,  both  for  its  own  sake  and  for  the 
sake  of  its  vicinity  to  Pannanich  wells  ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  under  Aber- 
deen, a  railway  station,  2  banking  offices, 
a  hotel,  an  Albert  Memorial  Hall  of  1875, 
barracks  for  soldiers  in  summer  attendance 
on  the  Queen,  a  fine  bridge  in  lieu  of  2 
previous  bridges  swept  away  by  floods,  a 
water  supply  of  1873,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  87  scholars.  Pop.  759. — Ballater 
Pass,  beyond  a  hill  in  the  north-western 
vicinity,  is  a  precipitous  wooded  gorge  ; 
and  Ballater  or  Monaltrie  House  stands 
near  the  pass's  south-east  end. 

BALLATRICH,  farmhouse,  where  Lord 
Byron  lived  when  a  boy,  near  Ballater, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BALLECHIN,  seat  in  Logierait  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BALLEDGARNO,  or  BALLERNO,  village 
and  seat  in  Inchture  parish,  Perthshire. 

BALLENACH,  place  near  west  end  of 
Crinan  Canal,  Argyleshire. 

BALLENCRIEFF,  a  seat  of  Lord  Elibank, 
in  Aberlady  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

BALLENCRIEFF,  stream,  running  north- 
westward to  the  Avon,  in  Torphichen 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

BALLENDRICK,  seat  in  Dunbarny  par- 
ish, Pertb  shire. 

BALLENDRUM,  place  in  Glenmoriston, 
Inverness-shire. 

BALLESHARE.    See  Balisheak. 

BALLEYAIRD,  place,  3  miles  north  of 
Grantown,  Elginshire. 

BALLIANLAY,  place  in  North  Bute 
parish,  Buteshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  46  scholars. 

BALLIGRO GAN,  place,  6J  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Campbelton,  Argyleshire. 

BALLIKINRAIN,  seat  near  Killearn, 
Stirlingshire. 

BALLIMORE,  seat  in  Kilfinan  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

BALLINDALLOCH,  hamlet  and  mansion 
on  the  Spey,  9f  miles  south-west  of  Aber- 
lour,  Banffshire.  The  hamlet  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Craigellachie,  and  a 
railway  station.  The  mansion  is  a 
seat  of  Sir  George  Macpherson  -  Grant, 
Bart. 

BALLINDALLOCH,  estate  and  factory  in 
I   Balfron  parish,  Stirlingshire. 


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32 


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BALLINDEAN,  hamlet,  mansion,  and 
hill,  in  Inchture  parish,  Perthshire. 

BALLINGRY  (popularly  BINGRY),  parish, 
containing  small  part  of  Lochgelly  post 
town,  Fife.  Acres,  4621.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £8036.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
1065 ;  quoad  sacra,  460.  About  one- 
third  is  under  the  plough.  Binarty  Hill, 
screening  south  end  of  Loch  Leven,  is 
partly  within  the  northern  border.  The 
drained  bed  of  Loch  Ore,  once  a  consider- 
able lake,  lies  in  the  northern  section. 
Lochore  House,  between  that  and  Binarty, 
is  a  prominent  feature.  The  site  of  a 
Roman  camp,  thought  to  have  been  the 
scene  of  a  victory  over  the  ninth  Roman 
Legion  by  the  Caledonians,  lies  to  the 
west  of  that  mansion.  The  church  was 
renovated  in  1876,  and  the  public  school  is 
new,  and  has  capacity  for  250  scholars. 

BALLINLUIG,  village,  8J  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire.  It 
stands  adjacent  to  deflection  of  branch 
railway  to  Aberfeldy,  and  has  a  station 
there  and  a  head  post  office. 

BALLINTORE,  fishing  village,  about  7 
miles  south  -  east  of  Tairi,  Ross-shire. 
Pop.  435. 

BALLINTUIM,  hamlet  in  Kirkmichael 
parish,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Blairgowrie,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  63  scholars. 

BALLO,  one  of  the  Sidlaw  Hills,  in  Long- 
forgan  parish,  Perthshire. 

BALLOCH,  village  on  Leven  river,  near 
foot  of  Loch  Lomond,  4^  miles  north  of 
Dumbarton.  It  adjoins  the  junction  of 
Vale  of  Leven  and  Forth  and  Clyde  Rail- 
ways ;  communicates  by  a  railway  of  about 
7  furlongs  with  a  steamboat  pier  on  Loch 
Lomond  ;  and  has  a  railway  station,  an 
excellent  hotel,  and  a  fine  suspension 
bridge.  Pop.  159.  Balloch  Castle,  in 
its  vicinity,  is  a  modern  seat ;  and  a  pre- 
vious Balloch  Castle,  now  extinct,  was  a 
fortified  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Lennox. 

BALLOCH,  village  in  Inverness  parish, 
Inverness-shire 

BALLOCH,  small  lake  at  foot  of  Torlum, 
Muthil  parish,  Perthshire. 

BALLOCH,  original  pile  of  Taymouth 
Castle,  Perthshire. 

BALLOCH,  hill,  1199  feet  high,  near 
Keith,  Banffshire. 

BALLOCH,  hill  on  north-west  boundary 
of  Kildonan  parish,  Sutherland. 

BALLOCHLEAM,  battle-field  between 
the  Grahams  and  the  Leckies,  near 
boundary  between  Gargunnock  and  Kip- 
pen  parishes,  Stirlingshire. 

BALLOCHMORIE,  seat  in  Colmonell 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

BALLOCHMYLE,  seat  and  grounds,  sung 
by  the  poet  Burns,  on  the  river  Ayr,  1^ 
miles  south  -  east  of  Mauchline,  Ayr- 
shire. 

BALLOCHNEY,  suburb  of  Airdrie,  and 
part  of  Monkland  railway  system,  Lanark- 
shire. 

BALLOCHVOY,  village,  about  4  miles 


west  -  south  -  west  of  Tobermory,  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

BALLOGIE,  seat,  small  Roman  Catholic 
chapel,  and  public  school  with  about  73 
scholars,  in  Birse  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

BALLONE,  dilapidated,  large,  ancient 
castle  of  the  Earls  of  Ross,  in  Tarbat 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

BALLUMBIE,  seat  and  remains  of  old 
castle  in  Murroes  parish,  Forfarshire. 

BALLYGRANT,  place  in  south-east  of 
Islay  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Greenock. 

BALLYOUKIN,  seat  near  Pitlochrie, 
Perthshire. 

BALLYPHUILL,  hamlet  in  Kincardine 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

BALLYSHEAR,  seat  in  Southend  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

BALMACAAN,  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Sea- 
field,  in  lower  valley  of  Urquhart,  near 
Loch  Ness,  Inverness-shire. 

BALMACARRA,  seat  and  hotel  on  north 
side  of  Loch  Alsh,  Ross-shire. 

BALMACLELLAN,  village  and  parish  in 
north  of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Ken  river,  1^  mile  north  of 
New  Galloway,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
New  Galloway.  The  parish  extends  from 
the  Ken  to  the  boundary  with  Dumfries- 
shire at  Loch  Urr,  and  is  about  14  miles 
long  and  10  miles  broad.  Acres,  23,019. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £11,565.  Pop. , 
quoad  civilia,  937;  quoad  sacra,  787. 
The  tract,  for  2  or  3  miles  from  the 
Ken,  is  low  ground,  diversified  by  '  drums,' 
and  the  rest  of  the  surface  is  chiefly  an 
assemblage  of  moors,  mosses,  and  rugged 
hills.  There  are  3  public  schools,  with 
about  168  scholars. 

BALMADIES,  estate,  with  Ochterlony 
mansion,  in  Rescobie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

BALMAE,  seat  near  Kirkcudbright, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BALMAGHIE,  parish  on  right  side  of 
the  Dee,  near  Castle-Douglas,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. It  is  about  9  miles  long  and 
7  miles  broad,  and  comprises  21,069  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £11,920.  Pop. 
924.  Much  of  the  land  adjacent  to  the 
Dee  is  meadow,  most  in  the  south-east  is 
level,  and  the  rest  is  a  mixture  of  hills, 
hollows,  lakes,  and  morasses.  3  of  the 
lakes  have  much  attraction  for  anglers, 
and  one  of  them  adjoins  a  hotel  and  a  spa. 
The  chief  seats  are  Balmaghie  House 
and  Duchrae ;  the  chief  antiquity  is 
Thrieve  Castle,  and  a  chief  association  is 
with  the  history  of  the  Covenanters.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free ;  and 
there  are  3  public  schools,  with  about  180 
scholars. 

BALMAHA,  village  on  east  shore  of 
Loch  Lomond,  about  11  miles  north-by- 
east  of  Dumbarton.  It  has  a  pier  and  a 
large  chemical  work,  and  it  adjoins  a 
mountain  pass  by  which  the  Highland 
caterans  made  descents  into  the  Lowlands. 

BALMAKEWAN,  seat  in  Mary  kirk  parish  „ 
Kincardineshire. 


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33 


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BALMALCOLM,  village  in  Kettle  parish, 
Fife. 

BALMANGAN,  small  harbour,  and  ruined 
ancient  tower,  at  mouth  of  the  Dee's 
estuary,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BALMANNO,  fine  old  baronial  fortalice, 
converted  into  farmhouse,  2|  miles  west  of 
Abernethy,  Perthshire. 

BALMANNO,  seat  in  Marykirk  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

BALMAODAN,  old  parish,  now  called 
Ardchattan,  Argyleshire.  Remains  of  old 
church,  bearing  the  old  name,  still  exist. 

BALMASHANNAR,  hill,  with  quarry, 
near  Forfar. 

BALMBRAE,  village  in  Falkland  parish, 
Fife. 

BALMEDIE,  hamlet  in  Belhelvie  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  141  scholars. 

BALMEECHY,  place  in  Fearn  parish, 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  57  scholars. 

BALMERINO  (popularly  BALMIRNIE), 
village  and  parish  on  Firth  of  Tay,  Fife. 
The  village  stands  4j  miles  west-south-west 
of  Newport,  is  near  remains  of  an  abbey 
founded  in  1229,  and  gave  the  peerage  title 
of  baron  to  the  family  of  Elphinstone, 
attainted  in  1746. — The  parish  contains 
also  the  villages  of  Galdry  and  Coultry  ; 
and  its  post  town  is  Newport.  Acres, 
3431.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6926. 
Pop.  664.  The  shore  is  bold  and  rocky, 
and  the  interior  includes  a  fertile  valley  be- 
tween two  hill-ridges.  Birkhill,  Naughton 
House,  and  Naughton  Castle  are  chief 
objects ;  and  the  last  is  a  vestige  of  a  struc- 
ture said  to  have  been  built  by  a  natural  son 
of  William  the  Lion.  The  public  school 
has  about  97  scholars. 

BALMORAL,  royal  castle  on  the  Dee,  7 
miles  west-south-west  of  Ballater,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  occupies  a  charming  site, 
with  splendid  views ;  it  has  grounds  ex- 
tending, jointly  with  those  of  Abergeldie 
and  Birkhall,  about  11  miles  along  the 
Dee ;  it  superseded  a  previous  edifice, 
which  belonged  to  the  Earl  of  Fife,  and 
was  purchased  and  occupied  by  the  royal 
family ;  it  was  erected  in  1853,  after  designs 
by  Smith  of  Aberdeen,  under  direction  of 
the  Prince  Consort ;  it  is  in  modified  form 
of  the  old  Scottish  baronial  style,  and  it 
comprises  2  blocks,  connecting  wings,  and  a 
projecting  tower  35  feet  square  and  80  feet 
high. 

BALMORE,  village  and  haughsin  Balder- 
nock  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

BALMULE,  seat  in  Dunfermline  parish, 
Fife. 

BALMULLO,  village,  3  miles  south-south- 
east of  Newport,  Fife.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Leuchars,  a  United  Original  Seces- 
sion church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  95  scholars.    Pop.  258. 

BALMUNGO,  seat,  if  mile  south  of  St. 
Andrews,  Fife. 

BALMURE,  seat  in  Mains  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 


BALMUTO,  seat,  with  ancient  tower,  in 
Kinghorn  parish,  Fife. 

BALNABOTH,  seat  near  Kirriemuir, 
Forfarshire. 

BALNABRUACH,  fishing  village  in  Nigg 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

BALNACRAIG,  estate,  with  old  mansion 
and  Carlogie  House,  in  Aboyne  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BALNAGOWAN,  seat  in  Kilmuir-Easter 
parish,  Ross-shire.  It  belonged  once  to 
the  Earls  of  Ross,  and  belongs  now  to  Sir 
Charles  W.  F.  A.  Ross,  Bart. 

BALNAGUARD,  village  in  Little  Dun- 
keld  parish,  Perthshire. 

BALNAHUA,  island  midway  between 
Lunga  and  Easdale,  Argyleshire.  It  mea- 
sures only  about  a  mile  in  circuit,  but  is 
all  one  slate  quarry.    Pop.  108. 

BALNAKIEL,  old  seat,  first  of  the 
Bishops  of  Sutherland,  next  of  Lords 
Reay,  in  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

BALNAMOON,  seat  in  Menmuir  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BALNAPALING,  fishing  village  in  Nigg 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

BALNASUIN,  hamlet  in  Weem  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BALQUHAIN,  seat  and  ruined  ancient 
castle  in  Chapel  of  Garioch  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. The  castle  was  occupied  by 
Queen  Mary  on  the  eve  of  the  battle  of 
Corrachie,  and  was  burnt  by  the  Duke  of 
Cumberland  in  1746. 

BALQUHAPPLE,  old  chapelry,  now  part 
of  Kincardine  parish,  Perthshire. 

BALQUHATSON,  estate,  with  rich  coal 
mines,  in  Slamannan  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

BALQUHIDDER,  village  and  parish  in 
south-west  of  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  near  foot  of  Loch  Voil,  If  mile 
west  of  King's  House  railway  station,  and 
12^  north-west  of  Callander,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Crieff,  a  handsome 
parochial  church  of  1855,  a  Free  church,  a 
public  school  with  about  61  scholars,  and 
a  churchyard,  containing  the  grave  and 
rude  monument  of  Rob  Roy. — The  parish 
contains  also  the  villages  of  Lochearn- 
head  and  Strath yre,  and  is  about  18  miles 
long  and  6^  miles  broad.  Acres,  54,675. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8832.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  759 ;  quoad  sacra,  627. 
The  outline  is  somewhat  triangular,  and 
projects  a  long  acute  angle  to  the  west. 
The  borders,  except  at  head  of  Loch  Earn 
and  at  upper  part  of  Loch  Lubnaig,  consist 
of  portions  of  the  Grampians,  the  song- 
celebrated  'Braes  o'  Balquhidder.'  The 
chief  part  of  the  interior  is  a  strath, 
watered  by  Loch  Doine,  Loch  Voil,  and  the 
stream  running  thence  to  Loch  Lubnaig. 
The  seats  are  Stronvar,  Edinchip,  and 
Edinample. 

BALQUHOLLY,  ancient  castle,  mostly 
superseded  by  Hatton  Castle,  in  Turriff 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

BALRUDDERY,  seat  in  Liff  parish,  For- 
farshire. 


c 


BAL 


14 


BAN 


BALRYMONTH  (East  and  West),  two 
liills  in  St.  Andrews  parish,  Fife. 

BALSHANDIE,  lake  in  Lundie  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BALTA,  islet  near  east  side  of  Unst 
Island,  Shetland. 

BALTA  SOUND,  land-locked  bay  and 
hamlet  on  east  side  of  Unst  Island,  Shet- 
land. The  bay  is  2  miles  long,  and 
looks  like  a  lake ;  and  the  hamlet  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegi-aph 
departments,  under  Lerwick,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  57  scholars. 

BALTHAYOCK,  section  of  Kinnoul 
parish,  with  modern  mansion,  and  ruined 
ancient  strong  fortalice,  in  eastern  vicinity 
of  Perth. 

BALVAIG,  stream,  traversing  Lochs 
Doine  and  "Voil,  and  entering  Loch  Lub- 
naig,  Perthshire. 

BALVAIRD,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Mans- 
field, in  Fife  section  of  Abernethy  parish. 

BALVAIRD,  seat  near  Eutherglen, 
Lanarkshire. 

BALVENNY,  dilapidated  seat  of  the  Earl 
of  Fife,  in  Mortlach  parish,  Banffshire. 

BALVICAR,  village  on  Seil  Island, 
Argyle  shire. 

BAL VRAID,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Dornoch  parish,  Sutherland. 

BALWAHANAID,  hamlet  in  Weem  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

BALWEARIE,  remains  of  strong  ancient 
baronial  fortalice,  in  Abbotshall  parish, 
Fife.  The  fortalice  belonged  to  a  branch 
of  the  family  of  Scott ;  was  the  residence, 
in  the  13th  century,  of  the  famous  reputed 
wizard,  Sir  Michael  Scott ;  passed  to  the 
Melvilles ;  and  gives  the  title  of  baron  to 
the  Earl  of  Leven. 

BALWHERNE,  village  in  Methven 
parish,  Perthshire. 

BAMBREICH.    See  Ballanbreich. 

BAMFF,  seat  of  Sir  James  H.  Ramsay, 
Bart.,  in  Alyth  parish,  Perthshire. 

BAMIRNIE.    See  Balmerino. 

BANAVTE,  place  on  Caledonian  Canal, 
mile  from  the  canal's  end  near  Fort- 
William,  Inverness-shire.  It  occurs  im- 
mediately above  the  grand  ascending  series 
of  8  locks,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  tele- 
graph, under  Fort- William,  and  a  hotel. 

BANCHORY,  village  on  the  Dee,  17  miles 
west-south-west  of  Aberdeen.  It  is  modern 
and  neatly  built,  attracts  many  summer 
visitors,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Aberdeen,  a  railway  station,  3  bank- 
ing offices,  a  hotel,  a  town  hall  of  1873,  an 
Established  church  with  nearly  1200 
sittings,  a  Free  church  of  1880,  an 
Episcopalian  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  123  scholars.    Pop.  681. 

BANCHORY-DEVENICK,  parish  on  lower 
reach  of  the  Dee,  in  Aberdeenshire  and 
Kincardineshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen.  The  Aberdeenshire  section 
comprises  only  33  acres,  and  is  within 
Aberdeen  parliamentary  burgh ;  but  it 
formerly  comprised  also  other  2268  acres, 


transferred  in  1867  to  Peterculter.  Pop. 
1216.  The  Kincardineshire  section  con- 
tains Findon  and  Portlethen  villages, 
includes  3  miles  of  coast,  and  is  5  miles 
long  and  2|-  miles  broad.  Acres,  7739. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £14,412.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  8101 ;  quoad  sacra,  1707.  The 
coast  is  bold  and  rocky,  and  the  interior  is 
mostly  rugged  and  stony.  Chief  things 
of  interest  are  the  reach  of  the  Dee,  and 
2  ancient  Caledonian  stone  circles. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  Free. 
There  are  2  public  schools  for  590 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  class-rooms 
for  240  are  new. 

BANCHORY-TERNAN,  parish  on  the 
Dee,  in  Aberdeenshire  and  Kincardine- 
shire. It  contains  Banchory  village,  and 
is  8^  miles  long  and  1\'  miles  broad. 
Acres  of  the  Aberdeenshire  part,  1058. 
Real  property  in  1880-81  not  reported. 
Acres  of  the  Kincardineshire  part,  19,021. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £19,659.  Pop. 
3066.  The  northern  section  begins  with 
the  lofty  isolated  hill  of  Fare,  but  is 
elsewhere  comparatively  low ;  the  middle 
section  is  part  of  the  valley  of  the 
Dee  ;  and  the  southern  section  includes  a 
lofty  hill-ridge,  and  terminates  in  one  of 
the  Grampians.  Chief  features  are  the 
mansions  of  Crathes  Castle  and  Tilwhilly 
Castle,  and  the  bed  of  the  large  drained 
lake  of  Leys.  The  churches  and  a  central 
school  are  in  Banchory  village  ;  and  there 
are  altogether  5  public  schools,  with  about 
scholars 

BANCLEROCHE,  seat  at  mouth  of  Kirk- 
ton  Glen,  Campsie  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

BANDIRRAN,  seat  in  Kettins  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BANDIRRAN  (SOUTH),  detached  section 
of  Caputh  parish,  surrounded  by  Collace, 
Perthshire. 

BANDRUM,  seat  in  Saline  parish,  Fife. 

BANETON,  village  in  Kennoway  parish, 
Fife. 

BANFF,  town  and  parish  on  coast  of 
Banffshire.  The  town  stands  at  mouth  of 
river  Deveron,  50  miles  north  of  Aberdeen, 
and  is  a  parliamentary  burgh  and  a  head 
port ;  but  as  such  comprises  2  towns, 
Banff  proper  and  Macduff,  about  \  mile 
distant  from  each  other,  on  opposite  sides 
of  the  river,  there  spanned  by  an  elegant 
seven-arched  bridge.  Banff  proper  is  on 
the  left  bank,  occupies  a  diversified  hill 
slope,  presents  exteriorly  a  picturesque 
j  appearance,  commands  fine  views,  and 
has  charming  environs,  including  the 
noble  park  of  Duff  House.  It  sprang 
from  a  sti'ong  royal  castle,  as  early  as  at 
least  the  time  of  Malcolm  IV.  ;  it  very 
soon  became  a  royal  burgh  ;  it  now  com- 
prises several  well-built  streets ;  it  was 
destined  in  1877  to  undergo  handsome 
extension ;  and  it  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  a  railway  station, 
5  banking  offices,  5  hotels,  a  steepled 
town  hall,  a  recently  erected  court-house, 
an  interesting  museum,  a  large  library,  a 


BAN 


35 


BAN 


fine  recent  bath-house,  Established,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  and  Episcopalian 
churches  ;  Congregational,  Wesleyan, 
United  Brethren,  and  Roman  Catholic 
chapels ;  a  burgh  public  school  and  a 
number  of  other  public  schools  ;  publishes 
a  weekly  newspaper;  and  carries  on 
woollen  manufacture,  iron-founding,  and 
other  industries.  The  ancient  castle 
figured  much  in  history,  and  is  now  repre- 
sented, by  a  plain  modern  structure.  The 
Established  church  is  conspicuous,  and 
contains  1500  sittings.  The  United  Pres- 
byterian church  was  erected  in  1880,  and 
superseded  an  old  one.  The  Episcopalian 
church  is  small  but  elegant.  The  commerce 
of  the  port  in  1879  comprised  459  British 
vessels,  of  34,379  tons,  and  34  foreign 
vessels,  of  2788  tons,  inward ;  and  441 
British  vessels,  of  33,196  tons,  and  26 
foreign  vessels,  of  2029  tons,  outward. 
Real  property  of  the  parliamentary  burgh 
inl880-81,  £12,192.  Pop.  of  the  royal  burgh, 
4185  ;  of  the  parliamentary  burgh,  7871. 

The  paiish  is  about  6^  miles  long  south- 
westward,  but  not  more  than  about  2 
miles  broad.  Acres,  6073.  Real  property 
of  landward  part  in  1880-81,  £6351.  Pop. , 
quoad  civilia,  5200 ;  quoad  sacra,  4810. 
The  northern  section  rises  nowhere  higher 
than  about  250  feet  above  sea-level,  yet  is 
picturesquely  diversified;  and  the  southern 
section  contains  considerably  higher  ground, 
yet  presents  a  very  tame  appearance.  A 
prominent  feature  is  the  Earl  of  Fife's 
seat  of  Duff  House,  and  a  chief  antiquity 
is  Inchdrewer  Castle.  There  are,  for  the 
burgh,  the  landward  districts,  and  the 
quoad  sacra  parish  of  Ord,  13  schools, 
with  accommodation  for  1698  scholars. 

BANFFSHIRE,  seaboard  county  in  north- 
east of  Scotland.  It  includes  St.  Fergus 
parish  and  Straloch  estate,  surrounded  by 
distant  parts  of  Aberdeenshire,  but  consists 
chiefly  of  continuous  country,  extending 
from  Moray  Firth  south-south-westward  to 
Cairngorm  Mountains.  This  main  body 
measures  32  miles  along  the  coast  and  50 
miles  inward,  but  is  averagely  not  more 
than  about  12  miles  broad,  and  the  entire 
county  has  an  area  of  686  square  miles. 
The  southern  section,  to  the  extent  of  not 
more  than  one-half  of  the  entire  length, 
but  with  an  average  breadth  of  only  about 
8  miles,  is  wildly  mountainous,  partly 
alpine,  with  intersections  of  glen  and  vale  ; 
and  the  northern  section  is  a  diversity  of 
pastoral  hills,  many-shaped  eminences, 
and  rich  tracts  of  small  plain  and  long 
valley.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Spey, 
on  reaches  of  the  western  boundary ;  the 
Deveron,  mostly  near  or  on  the  eastern 
boundary  ;  the  Aven  and  the  Fiddich,  run- 
ning to  the  Spey  ;  the  Isla,  running  to  the 
Deveron  ;  and  the  Boyne,  entering  the  sea 
between  Banff  and  Portsoy.  Serpentine 
and  marble  are  near  Portsoy ;  good  slate 
is  near  Banff  and  Keith;  and  limestone 
abounds  throughout  extensive  tracts.  The 
arable  land  forms  a  comparatively  small 


portion  of  the  entire  area  ;  and  its  soil  for 
the  most  part  is  either  a  stiff  deep  clay, 
a  deep  black  loam,  or  a  mixture  of  moss 
or  gravel.  The  fisheries  are  extensive, 
but  the  manufactures  are  of  small  value. 
The  towns  with  each  more  than  3000 
inhabitants  are  Banff,  Macduff,  Buckie, 
and  Keith ;  the  towns  with  each  more 
than  1000  inhabitants  are  Cullen,  Portsoy, 
Aberchirder,  Dufftown,  and  Portnockie; 
the  villages  with  each  more  than  600 
inhabitants  are  Port  Gordon,  Porteasy, 
Whitehills,  Gardenstown,  Findochty,  and 
Newmills ;  and  the  villages  with  each 
more  than  300  inhabitants  are  Charles- 
town,  Tomintoul,  Fefcterangus,  and  For- 
dyce.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £239,298. 
Pop.  in  1871,  62,023  ;  in  1881,  62,751. 

BANGOUR,  estate  in  Uphall  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

BANK,  place  in  Old  Deer  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  114  scholars. 

BANKEND,  village  in  Caerlaverock  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Dumfries. 

BANKEND,  hamlet  in  Kirkgunzeon 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BANKFOOT,  village,  3  miles  west-north- 
west of  Stanley  Junction,  Perthshire.  It 
is  modern,  was  the  birth-place  of  the  poet 
Nicol,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Perth,  a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  40  scholars. 
Pop.  627. 

BANKFOOT,  hamlet  in  Coylton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

BANKHEAD,  suburb  of  Wick,  Caithness. 

BANKHEAD,  village  and  colliery  in 
Dreghorn  and  Kilmarnock  parishes,  Ayr- 
shire. 

BANKHEAD,  village  in  Newhills  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BANKHEAD,  hamlet  in  Monikie  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  65  scholars. 

BANKHEAD,  seat  in  Rutherglen  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

BANKHEAD,  railway  station,  2  miles 
east-north-east  of  Carstairs  Junction, 
Lanarkshire. 

BANKS,  hamlet  in  Mouswald  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BANKTON,  quondam  seat  near  Tranent, 
Haddingtonshire.  It  was  the  residence  of 
Colonel  Gardiner,  who  fell  adjacent  to  it 
in  the  battle  of  Prestonpans,  and  it  was 
destroyed  by  fire  about  1854. 

BANKTON  -  PARK,  village  in  Kettle 
parish,  Fife. 

BANNACHRA,  ruined  old  fortalice  in 
Glenfruin,  Dumbartonshire. 

BANNAVIE.    See  Banavie. 

BANNISKIRK,  quondam  old  chapel  in 
Halkirk  parish,  Caithness. 

BANNOCK,  rivulet,  running  9  miles  east- 
north-eastward  to  the  Forth,  at  2h  miles 
below  Stirling. 

BANNOCKBURN,   town,    quoad  sacra 


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36 


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parish,  and  battle-field,  in  St.  Ninians 
parish,  Stirlingshire.  The  town  stands 
on  Bannock  rivulet,  2f  miles  south-south- 
east of  Stirling,  is  a  seat  of  nourishing 
woollen  manufacture,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Stirling,  a  railway 
station,  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  323  scholars.  Pop.  of 
the  town,  2549  ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish, 
3281. — The  battle-field,  the  scene  of  Bruce's 
famous  victory  in  1314,  lies  on  Bannock 
rivulet,  adjacent  to  the  south  end  of  St. 
Ninians  town,  and  retains,  under  an  iron 
grating,  with  surmounting  flag-staff,  frag- 
ments of  the  large  block  of  stone  in  which 
Bruce  planted  his  standard. 

BANNO  CKBURN  -  MUIR,  suburb  of 
Bannockburn  town,  Stirlingshire.  It  has 
a  public  school  with  about  136  scholars. 

BANTASKINE,  seat  near  Falkirk,  Stir- 
lingshire. 

BANTON,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
village,  1^  mile  north-east  of  Kilsyth, 
Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Denny.  Pop.  of  the  village,  461 ;  of  the 
parish,  793. 

BARACHNIE,  village  in  Crossbill 
section  of  Old  Monkland  parish,  Lanark- 
shire.   Pop.  279. 

BARASSIE,  railway  station,  1  mile  from 
Troon,  Ayrshire. 

BARBARA VILLE,  village  in  Kilmuir- 
Easter  parish,  Ross-shire. 

BARBAS WALLS ,  village  in  Buthven 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

BARBER,  hamlet  in  Boseneath  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

BARBIESTON,  modernized  old  baronial 
fortalice  near  Dalrymple,  Ayrshire. 

BARBRECK,  seat  and  vale  in  Craignish 
parish,  Argyleshire.  The  vale  is  believed 
to  have  been  the  scene  of  a  battle  between 
the  Dalriadans  and  the  Norsemen. 

BARCALDINE,  estate,  with  modern 
mansion  and  ancient  castle,  on  Loch 
Creran,  Ardchattan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

BARCAPLE,  seat  "in  Tongland  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BARCLOSH,  ruined  ancient  seat  of  Lord 
Herries,  in  Kirkgunzeon  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

BARD,  bold  headland  at  south  end  of 
Bressay  Island,  Shetland. 

BARDOWIE,  lake,  5  miles  north-north- 
west of  Glasgow. 

BARGALLY,  seat  in  Minnigaff  parish, 
Kirkc  u  dbright  shire . 

BARGANY,  seat  in  Dailly  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

BARGARRAN,  place  associated  with  a 
notable  trial  for  witchcraft,  in  Erskine 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

BARGATON,  lake,  7  miles  north-east  of 
Gatehouse,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BARGEDDIE,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  north  of  Lanarkshire.  The 
village  stands  2h  miles  west  of  Coatbridge, 
was  mostly  built  after  1871,  and  has  a 


post  office  under  Glasgow,  and  flourishing 
ironworks.  The  parish  was  constituted 
in  1876  ;  and  the  church  was  opened  near 
the  end  of  that  year,  and  cost,  with  the 
manse,  about  £9000.  Pop.  of  the  village, 
659  ;  of  the  parish,  2889. 

BARGRENNAN,  quoad  sacra  parish, 
comprising  part  of  Minnigaff  in  Kirkcud- 
brightshire, and  part  of  Penningham  in 
"Wigtonshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Newton-Stewart,  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  203  and  163. 

BARHEAD.    See  Barrhead. 

BARHILL,  eminence,  with  vestiges  of 
Roman  fort,  in  Kirkintilloch  parish, 
Dumbartonshrie. 

BARHILL,  Ayrshire.    See  Barrhill. 

BARHOLM,  seat  near  Creetown,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

BARHULLION,  hiU  in  Glasserton  parish, 
"Wigtonshire. 

BARJARG,  village  and  estate  in  Keir 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

BARLEYSIDE,  village  in  Falkirk  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

BARLOCCO,  seat  in  Rerrick  parish, 
Kirkcu  dbright  shire . 

BARMEKIN,  lofty  hill,  with  ancient  cir- 
cular fortification,inEcht  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

BARMORE,  peninsula  and  seat  on  west 
side  of  Loch  Fyne,  2^  miles  north  of 
Tarbert,  Argyleshire. 

BARNBARROCH,  place  in  Colvencl 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a 
public  school  with  about  66  scholars. 

BARNBARROCH,  seat  in  Kirkinner 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BARNBOUGLE,  splendid  edifice  of  1880- 
82,  with  fragment  of  ancient  castle,  on 
the  Firth  of  Forth,  in  Dalmeny  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

BARNCLUITH,  curious  suite  of  old  build- 
ings and  gardens,  on  bold  bank  of  Avon 
river,  between  Cadzow  Castle  and  Hamil- 
ton, Lanarkshire. 

BARNHILL,  eastern  suburb  of  Glasgow. 
The  Barony  poorhouse  is  here,  and  has 
accommodation  for  1500  inmates  ;  and  a 
new  hospital  in  connection  with  it  was 
opened  in  1880,  and  has  accommodation 
for  300  patients. 

BARNHILL,  village  in  Blantyre  parish, 
Lanarkshire.    Pop.  455. 

BARNHILL,  village  in  Monifieth  parish, 
Forfarshire.    Pop.  396. 

BARNHILL,  seat  in  Kinnoul  parish,. 
Perthshire. 

BARNIEL,  place  on  west  side  of  Loch 
Eck,  Argyleshire. 

BARNKIRK,  small  hill  in  Annan  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BARNOCK,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Avondale  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

BARNS,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  "VVemyss, 
on  the  Tweed,  near  influx  of  the  Manor, 
Peeblesshire. 

BARNS,  estate  in  Cleish  parish,  Kinross- 
shire. 

BARNS,  ruined  mansion  in  Grail  parish,. 


BAR 


87 


BAR 


Fife.  Drummond  of  Hawthornden  wrote 
here  his  1  Battle  of  the  Dunghill.'' 

BARNSDALE,  extinct  ancient  castle  in 
Rescobie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

BARNS  (EAST),  village,  2f  miles  south- 
east of  Dunbar,  Haddingtonshire.  It  has 
a  public  school  with  about  115  scholars. 

BARNSHEAN,  lake,  5  miles  east- north- 
east of  Maybole,  Ayrshire. 

BARNS  (WEST),  village,  2  miles  west  of 
Dunbar,  Haddingtonshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Dunbar,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  162  scholars.    Pop.  529. 

BARNTALLOCH,  extinct  old  castle  in 
Langholm  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

BARNTON,  seat  in  Cramond  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

BARNWELL,  old  parish,  divided  between 
Craigie  and  Tarbolton.  Ayrshire. 

BARNYARDS,  village  in  Kilconquhar 
parish,  Fife.    Pop.  350. 

BAROCHAN,  seat  in  Houston  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

BARONALD,  seat  near  Lanark. 

BARONY,  parish,  comprising  large  por- 
tion of  city  and  suburbs  of  Glasgow.  It 
was  constituted  a  separate  parish  in  1595, 
and  it  is  now  divided  into  numerous  quoad 
sacra  parishes.  Acres,  1789.  Real  pro- 
perty of  landward  part  inl880-81,  £151,416. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  236,622  ;  quoad  sacra, 
6590.  The  parochial  church  stands  near 
the  Cathedral,  was  built  in  1801,  and 
is  a  spacious  but  tasteless  and  towerless 
structure.  The  Barony  Free  church  stands 
a  little  west  of  that,  and  is  a  recent  Norman 
edifice  with  lofty  tower.  Most  of  the 
public  schools  are  within  the  city ;  the 
parochial  poorhouse  is  in  Barnhill  suburb  ; 
and  the  parochial  lunatic  asylum  is  at 
AVoodielee,  near  Lenzie. 

BARONY,  headland  between  Mull  Sound 
and  Loch  Linnhe,  Argyleshire. 

BARR,  village  and  parish  in  south-east 
of  Carrick,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands 
on  Stinchar  river,  7  miles  east-south-east 
of  Girvan,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Girvan,  a  railway  station,  a  parochial 
church,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  81  scholars. — The  parish 
measures  about  20  miles  by  8,  and  com- 
prises 54,876  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £15,104.  Pop.  600.  Most  of 
the  surface  is  either  hilly,  moorish,  or 
mountainous  ;  and  the  arable  land  is  only 
about  1200  acres.  There  are  3  public 
schools  for  148  scholars. 

BARR,  place  in  Galston  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
244  scholars. 

BARR,  glen  in  Killean  parish,  Kintyre, 
Argyleshire. 

BARR,  estate,  with  roofless  old  castle, 
in  Lochwinnoch  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

BARR,  hill  in  St.  Mungo  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

BARRA,  island  and  parish  in  south  end  of 
Outer  Hebrides.  The  island  lies  about  45 
miles  south-south-west  of  Lochmaddy ; 
measures  9  miles  in  length  and  5^  miles 


in  breadth  ;  is  screened  along  the  west  by 
vast,  cavernous,  shattered  rocks ;  rises  into 
roundish  pastoral  hills ;  belonged  for  many 
ages  to  the  Macneils  ;  contains  the  modern 
mansion  of  Barra  Castle ;  and  has  a  post 
officeunder  Lochmaddy,  a  parochial  church, 
a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  56  scholars.  Pop.  1864. 
— The  parish  includes  8  other  inhabited 
islands,  and  upwards  of  12  uninhabited 
ones  ;  and  it  measures  about  20  miles  in 
length,  and  terminates  at  Barrahead.  Real 
property  in  1880-  81,  £2098.    Pop.  2161. 

BARRA,  hill  in  Bourtie  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

BARRAHEAD,  headland  at  southern 
extremity  of  Outer  Hebrides.  A  light- 
house was  erected  on  it  in  1833,  and  shows 
an  intermittent  light  visible  at  the  distance 
of  32  nautical  miles. 

BARRAS,  suburb  of  Lochmaben,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

BARRAS,  section  of  Kinneff  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

BARREL  OF  BUTTER,  small  skerry  in 
Orphir  parish,  Orkney. 

BARRHEAD,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  east  of  Renfrewshire.  The  town 
stands  on  Levern  river,  6J  miles  south- 
west of  Glasgow,  is  a  prosperous  seat  of 
manufacture,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Glasgow,  a  railway  station,  2 
banking  offices,  a  public  hall,  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Evangelical 
Union,  and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and 
2  public  schools.  All  the  churches  are 
modern,  1  of  the  schools  is  recent,  and 
the  number  of  scholars  is  about  624.  Pop. 
of  the  town,  9429  ;  of  the  parish,  6728. 

BARRHILL,  village  on  Dusk  rivulet,  in 
centre  of  Colmonell  parish,  Ayrshire.  It 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  depart- 
ment, under  Girvan,  a  railway  station, 
a  banking  office,  a  Free  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  101  scholars. 

BARRIE.    See  Barky. 

BARRISDALE,  seat  in  Glenelg  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

BARRMILL,  village  in  Beith  parish, 
Ayrshire.  It  has  a  station  on  branch  rail- 
way, and  a  public  school  with  about  95 
scholars.    Pop.  279. 

BARROCH,  seat  of  Sir  John  R.  G. 
Sinclair,  Bart.,  10  miles  north-north -west 
of  Wick,  Caithness. 

BARROGILL,  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Caith- 
ness, on  north  coast  of  Canisbay  parish, 
Caithness. 

BARROWFIELD,  eastern  suburb  of  Glas- 
gow, on  quondam  Borough  Moor,  where 
Regent  Moray's  army  encamped  on  eve  of 
battle  of  Langside.  It  has  a  quoad  sacra 
parish  church,  and  a  Free  church.  Pop. 
of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  8087. 

BARRSCHOL,  section  of  Rogart  parish, 
Sutherland. 

BARRY,  village  and  parish  in  south-east 
extremity  of  Forfarshire.  The  village 
stands  9  miles  east-north-east  of  Dundee, 


BAR 


38 


BAY 


and  has  a  railway  station,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  91  scholars.  The  parish  contains 
also  most  of  the  post  town  of  Carnoustie, 
and  is  about  4  miles  long  and  3  miles 
broad.  Acres,  5328.  Keal  property  in 
1880-81,  £16,596.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
3233;  quoad  sacra,  1229.  The  coast  is 
flat  and  sandy,  and  includes  Buddonness 
at  entrance  of  the  Firth  of  Tay.  The 
interior  commences  with  a  verdant  bank, 
and  forms  a  fertile  flat,  elevated  about  50 
feet  above  the  coast.  Churches  and  a 
public  school  are  in  Carnoustie. 

BARRY,  hill  in  Alyth  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

BARSCOBE,  lake,  3  miles  east  of  Dairy, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BAR  SHAW,  seat  near  Paisley,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

BAR  SKIMMING,  seat  of  Sir  William  F. 
Miller,  Bart.,  on  the  river  Ayr,  2^  miles 
south  -  west  of  Mauchline,  Ayrshire.  It 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in  March  1882. 

BARTHOL,  place  in  Tarves  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  has  a  quoad  sacra  parish 
church  for  a  pop.  of  797,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  121  scholars. 

BARVAS,  village  and  parish  in  north  of 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.  The  village  stands 
on  west  coast,  at  mouth  of  rivulet  of 
its  own  name,  about  15  miles  north-north- 
west of  Stornoway ;  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Stornoway,  a  parochial  church,  a 
Free  church,  and  2  public  schools  with 
about  89  scholars.  Pop.  561. — The  parish 
contains  also  the  villages  of  Bragar, 
Knockard,  Erropie,  and  Swainbost ;  and 
measures  about  22  miles  by  8.  Acres, 
89,654.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £3109. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  5325;  quoad  sacra, 
2600.  The  coast  is  bold  and  rocky,  and 
includes  the  terminating  promontory  called 
the  Butt.  A  tract  of  less  than  a  mile  in 
mean  breadth  along  the  shore  is  the  only 
cultivated  land,  and  all  the  rest  of  the 
interior  is  mossy  moor.  There  are  6 
schools  for  955  scholars,  and  3  of  these 
and  2  enlargements  for  784  are  new. 

BARVICK,  rivulet  entering  the  Turret 
near  Crieff,  Perthshire. 

BARWHINNOCK,  seat  in  Tvvynholm 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BASHAW,  place,  with  limestone  and 
petrifying  springs,  in  Carluke  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

BASKET,  place,  with  ironstone  mines,  in 
Blantyre  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

BASS,  insulated  basaltic  crag,  3J  miles 
north-east  of  North  Berwick,  Haddington- 
shire. It  measures  350  feet  in  height,  and 
fully  a  mile  in  circumference  ;  is  accessible 
at  only  one  point ;  and  was  successively  a 
retreat  of  the  Culdee  St.  Baldred,  a  strong- 
hold of  the  Lauder  family,  a  state  prison 
of  distinguished  Covenanters,  and  the  last 
place  in  Scotland  which  resisted  the  Revolu- 
tion. 

BASS,  mound  adjacent  to  Inverury,  Aber- 
deenshire.    It  was  long  the  subject  of 


curious  traditions,  and  a  puzzle  to  anti- 
quaries, but  is  simply  an  accumulation  of 
diluvial  drift. 

BASSENDEAN,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
"Westruther,  Berwickshire. 

BASTA,  voe  or  bay  on  east  side  of  Yell 
Island,  Shetland. 

BASTLERIDGE,  estate  in  Ayton  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

BATHA,  lake  in  Fortingal  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

BATHGATE,  town  and  parish  in  west  of 
Linlithgowshire.  The  town  stands  at  a 
convergence  of  railways,  18^  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Edinburgh ;  is  partly  old 
and  irregular  on  an  acclivity,  partly  new 
and  regular  on  low  ground ;  carries  on 
much  business  in  connection  with  rich, 
extensive,  surrounding  mineral  field  ;  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
4  banking  offices,  Established,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  Evangelical  Union, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  handsome 
free  academy,  and  a  large  public  school. 
Pop.  4S87. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
town  of  Armadale  and  the  village  of  Dur- 
hamton,  and  is  about  7f  miles  long  and  4 
miles  broad.  Acres,  10,876.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £45,234.  Pop.  9450.  The 
north-eastern  section  is  hilly,  and  the  rest 
is  almost  level.  Bituminous  minerals, 
ironstone,  and  limestone  are  extensively 
worked.  Chief  seats  are  Balbardie  and 
Boghead.  There  are  8  schools  for  2367 
scholars,  and  3  of  these,  for  1250,  are  new. 
A  resolution  was  taken  in  August  1881 
to  erect  a  new  parochial  church. 

BATHGATE  AND  EDINBURGH  RAIL- 
WAY, about  10^  miles  long,  from  Bathgate 
to  a  junction  with  the  Edinburgh  and  Glas- 
gow line  of  the  North  British  system  near 
Ratho  station.  It  was  leased  for  999  years 
to  the  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow,  and  passed 
with  that  to  the  North  British. 

BATTLEDYKES,  farm,  with  remains  of 
Roman  camp,  in  Oathlaw  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

BATTLEHILL,  scene  of  ancient  sanguin- 
ary fight  between  the  Scotch  and  the 
English,  in  Annan  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

BATTLEHILL,  scene  of  ancient  conflict 
between  the  Comyns  and  the  Gordons, 
near  Huntly,  Aberdeenshire. 

BATTLEKNOWES,  place,  with  traces  of 
Roman  camp,  in  Whitsome  parish,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

BATTLELAW,  scene  of  ancient  conflict 
between  the  Scotch  and  the  Danes,  in 
Balmerino  parish,  Fife. 

BATTOCK  (MOUNT),  summit,  2554  feet 
high,  at  meeting-point  of  Aberdeenshire, 
Kincardineshire,  and  Forfarshire. 

BAUCHRAN,  lake  in  Glenstrathfarrar, 
Inverness-shire. 

BAWKIE,  bay  at  south  end  of  Dunoon, 
Argyleshire. 

BAYBLE,  2  villages,  Lower  and  Upper,  in 
Stornoway  parish,  Outer  Hebrides.  Pop. 
431  and  481. 

BAYFIELD,  seat  in  Nigg  parish,  Ross-shire. 


BAY 


39 


BEL 


BAYHEAD,  suburb  of  Stornoway,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

BEACON,  conical  hill  in  Bressay  Island, 
Shetland. 

BEALACH-NAMBO,  natural  terrace,  on 
north  shoulder  of  Benvenue,  about  800 
feet  above  Loch  Katrine,  Perthshire. 

BEANOCH,  lake,  3  miles  north-east  of 
Lochinver,  Sutherland. 

BEARSDEN,  village,  5  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  telegraph,  under  Glasgow,  and 
a  railway  station.    Pop.  764. 

BEATH,  parish,  containing  the  post  office 
village  of  Cowdenbeath,  the  villages  of 
Hill  of  Beath  and  Oakfield,  and  most  of 
the  village  of  Kelty,  in  west  of  Fife.  Its 
length  is  about  4  miles,  its  breadth  about 

3  miles,  its  area  6345  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £21,493.  Pop.  5442. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  rugged,  and  diver- 
sified. Beath  Hill,  on  the  south-western 
boundary,  has  a  beautiful  appearance, 
and  commands  an  extensive  view.  Coal 
abounds,  and  is  largely  worked.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free,  the 
latter  at  Kelty.  There  are  3  public 
schools,  all  new,  for  1150  scholars. 

BEATTOCK,  railway  station,  2  miles 
south-south- west  of  Moffat,  and  61^  southr 
by-west  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  neat  offices 
and  a  hotel,  and  is  adjacent  to  the  post 
office  village  of  Craigitiands.  A  railway 
from  it  to  Moffat  was  begun  to  be  formed 
in  December  1881. 

BEAUFORT  CASTLE,  seat  of  Lord  Lovat, 

4  miles  south-west  of  Beauly,  Inverness- 
shire.  A  previous  castle  on  its  site  was 
besieged  by  the  English  in  1303,  seized  and 
injured  by  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  utterly 
destroyed  after  the  battle  of  Culloden. 

BEAULY,  river,  sea-loch,  and  village, 
on  north-west  border  of  Inverness-shire. 
The  river  is  formed  by  union  of  the  Glass 
and  the  Farrar  ;  runs  windingly  about  10 
miles  north-eastward  to  head  of  the  sea- 
loch,  and  is  notable  for  its  falls  of  Kilmo- 
rack. — The  sea-loch  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Inverness-shire  and 
Ross-shire  ;  extends  7  miles  eastward, 
with  maximum  breadth  of  2  miles ;  and 
connects,  by  strait  of  Kessock  ferry, 
with  head  of  Moray  Firth. — Th^  village 
stands  on  the  river  near  influx  to  the  loch, 
10  miles  west  of  Inverness ;  is  old, 
modernized,  and  well-built,  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  2  banking  offices,  a  harbour,  2 
hotels,  ruins  of  a  priory  of  1230,  an  Estab- 
lished church,  a  Free  church,  a  Roman 
Catholic  chapel,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  143  scholars.    Pop.  903. 

BEAUMONT,  rivulet  of  east  border  of 
Roxburghshire,  running  10 miles  northward 
there,  and  passing  into  England  to  the  Till. 

BEDLAY,  old  fortalice,  quondam  seat 
of  the  Earls  of  Kilmarnock,  near  Chryston, 
Lanarkshire. 

BEDLORMIE,  old  fortalice  in  Torphichen 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 


BEDRULE,  hamlet  and  parish  in  centre 
of  Roxburghshire.  The  hamlet  lies  on 
Eule  river,  3|  miles  south-west  of  Jed- 
burgh, and  includes  the  parochial  church, 
and  remains  of  the  old  castle  of  the 
Turnbulls.  The  parish  contains  2  other 
small  hamlets,  and  its  post  town  is 
Jedburgh.  Acres,  3917.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £4459.  Pop.  269.  The  surface 
includes  part  of  Dunian  Mountain,  and 
part  of  alluvial  tracts  on  the  Teviot. 
The  public  school  has  about  58  scholars. 

BEE,  large  irregular  sea-loch  in  north  of 
South  Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

BEECHFIELD,  place  near  Meikle  Gar- 
nock,  Hamilton  parish ,  Lanarkshire.  It  has 
a  public  school  of  1876  for  150  scholars. 

BEECHWOOD,  a  seat  of  Sir  Sidney 
Dundas,  Bart.,  in  Corstorphine  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

BEECHWOOD,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

BEECHWOOD,  seat  in  Kettins  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BEESWING,  place  near  Killywhan  rail- 
way station,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Dumfries. 

BEG,  sea-loch,  branching  from  Loch 
Bracadale,  Isle  of  Skye. 

BEGLIE  (WICKS  OF),  hill-pass,  with 
grand  view,  3 \  miles  west  of  Abernethy, 
Perthshire. 

BEIL,  seat  and  village  in  Stenton  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

BEITH,  town  in  Ayrshire,  and  parish 
partly  also  in  Renfrewshire.  The  town 
stands  on  an  eminence  near  a  railway 
junction,  11  miles  south-west-by-south  of 
Paisley ;  dates,  with  slight  exception,  from 
times  subsequent  to  the  Revolution  ; 
carries  on  a  variety  of  manufactures  ;  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
a  railway  station,  3  banking  offices,  a 
hotel,  a  town  hall,  a  parochial  church,  a 
Free  church,  2  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  an  Evangelical  Union  chapel,  an 
industrial  school,  and  2  public  schools. 
Pop.  4037. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  of  Barrmill,  Gateside,  and  Burn- 
house,  and  part  of  the  village  of  Langbar. 
Acres  in  Ayrshire,  10,678  ;  in  Renfrew- 
shire, 544.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£31,034,  and  £637.  Pop.  6555.  A  hill- 
ridge,  with  summits  of  from  500  to  600 
feet  above  sea-level,  extends  along  the 
north-east  border ;  the  land  declines  and 
undulates  thence  to  the  west  and  south- 
west ;  and  the  narrow  strath  traversed  by 
Glasgow  and  Ayr  Railway,  from  Paisley 
to  Kilwinning,  attains  its  highest  point 
in  the  west,  at  only  about  95  feet  above 
sea-level.  Caldwell  and  "Woodside  are 
chief  seats,  and  Giffen  Castle  was  long 
conspicuous,  but  fell  in  1838.  There  are 
8  schools  for  1069  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  class-rooms  for  459  are  new. 

BELCHESTER,  seat  in  Eccles  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

BELDCRAIG,  dell,  3  miles  east-north* 
east  of  Moffat,  Dumfriesshire. 


BEL 


40 


BEL 


BELFORD,  hill,  1092  feet  high,  in  Hou- 
nam  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

BELHAVEN,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
liarish  on  east  coast  of  Haddingtonshire. 
The  village  stands  at  head  of  small  bay 
about  a  mile  west  of  Dunbar,  has  a  public 
school  with  about  66  scholars,  and  gives  the 
peerage  title  of  baron  to  a  branch  of  the 
family  of  Hamilton.  Pop.  of  the  village, 
434  ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  1351. 

BELHELVIE,  parish  on  east  coast  of 
Aberdeenshire,  averagely  7  miles  north  of 
Aberdeen.  It  contains  the  hamlets  of 
Calmedie,  Craigie,  Wester  Hatton,  Menie, 
and  Shiels,  and  has  a  post  office  of  its  own 
name  under  Aberdeen.  It  measures  about 
6  miles  by  5,  and  comprises  12,148  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £13,622.  Pop. 
1850.  The  coast  is  low  and  sandy ;  the 
interior  rises  gradually,  but  is  diversified 
with  hillocks  and  low  hill-ridges,  and  the 
western  boundary  is  a  continuous  ridge 
about  800  feet  high.  The  churches  are 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian. There  are  5  schools  for  399 
scholars,  and  3  of  them,  for  240,  are  new. 

BELLA,  head-stream  of  the  Lugar,  Ayr- 
shire. 

BELLABEG,  seat  in  Strathdon  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BELLADRUM,  seat  in  Kiltarlity  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

BELLAHOUSTON,  quoad  sacra  parish, 
within  Govan  parish,  in  south-western 
outskirts  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  6002.  A 
handsome  academy  here,  on  Paisley  Road, 
was  erected  in  1876. 

BELLANOCH,  place  in  North  Knapdale 
parish,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  80  scholars. 

BELLEISLE,  seat  in  Ayr  parish,  Ayrshire. 

BELLEVILLE,  seat  in  Alvie  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

BELLEVUE,  seat  near  Auchtermuchty, 
Fife. 

BELLFIELD,  suburban  village  between 
Stirling  and  St.  Ninians,  Stirlingshire. 

BELLFIELD,  seat  near  Kirknewton, 
Edinburghshire. 

BELLFIELD,  seat  near  Kilmarnock, 
Ayrshire. 

BELLFIELD,  seat  near  Cupar,  Fife. 

BELLIE,  parish,  containing  the  post 
town  of  Fochabers,  in  Elginshire,  and  the 
villages  of  Auchinhalrig,  Dallachy,  Bog- 
moor,  and  Tugnet,  in  Banffshire.  Its 
length  is  nearly  6  miles,  its  greatest 
breadth  nearly  4  miles.  Acres  in  Elgin- 
shire, 4875;  in  Banffshire,  8337.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £3848  and  £5631. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2365;  quoad  sacra, 
2047.  The  river  Spey  bounds  the  west, 
and  the  Moray  Firth  bounds  the  north. 
The  Spey  here  has,  at  different  periods, 
shifted  much  westward  from  its  original 
channel,  and  the  land  over  which  it  has 
receded  forms  a  considerable  portion  of 
the  parochial  area.  Gordon  Castle,  a  seat 
of  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  is  a  chief 
feature.    The  old  parochial  church  stood, 


till  1797,  about  a  mile  north  of  Gordon 
Castle,  but  the  present  parochial  church, 
and  other  places  of  worship,  are  in 
Fochabers.  A  very  fine  free  school, 
erected  in  1846,  also  is  in  Fochabers  ;  and 
Bellie  public  school  has  about  176  scholars. 

BELL  ROCK,  reef,  with  lighthouse,  12 
miles  south-by-east  of  Arbroath,  Forfar- 
shire. The  lighthouse  was  erected  in 
1807-11,  at  a  cost  of  £60,000,  and  shows  a 
revolving  light  visible  at  the  distance  of 
15^  nautical  miles. 

BELLRORY,  hill  in  Glentanner  section 
of  Aboyne  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

BELLSHILL,  town,  9  miles  byroad  south- 
east of  Glasgow.  It  prospers  in  connection 
with  the  working  of  rich  neighbouring 
mines  ;  and  it  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  depai'tment,  under  Glasgow, 
a  railway  station,  a  banking  office,  a  new 
quoad  sacra  parish  church,  a  Free  church, 
a  United  Presbyterian  church,  an  Evangeli- 
cal Union  chapel,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  173  scholars.  Pop.  of  the  town,  2760 ; 
of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  3334. 

BELLSHILL,  MOTHERWELL,  AND 
WISHAW  RAILWAY.  This  was  projected 
by  an  independent  company  ;  it  received 
the  sanction  of  the  Standing  Orders  Com- 
mittee in  Jan.  1880,  and  it  was  designed  to 
strike  from  the  North  British  at  Bellshill 
station,  to  traverse  a  rich  mineral  district 
by  way  of  Motherwell  to  Wishaw,  and  to 
give  direct  communication  thence  with  the 
east  of  Glasgow. 

BELLSIDE,  station  for  Omoa,  on  Cleland 
branch  of  Caledonian  Railway,  Lanark- 
shire. An  Established  church  near  it  was 
projected  in  1877. 

BELLSMAINS,  hamlet  in  Borthwick 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

BELLSQUARRY,  village  in  Midcalder 
parish,  Edinburghshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  96  scholars. 

BELLSTOWN,  hamlet  in  Methven  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BELLWOOD,  seat  in  Glencorse  vale, 
Edinburghshire. 

BELLWOOD,  seat  on  face  of  Kinnoul 
Hill,  fronting  Perth. 

BELLYCONE,  village  in  Madderty  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BELMADUTHY,  seat  of  Sir  Eyan 
Mackenzie,  Bart.,  in  Knockbain  parish, 
Ross -shire. 

BELMONT,  seat  near  Corstorphine, 
Edinburghshire. 

BELMONT,  seat  near  Uyeasound,  Unst 
Island,  Shetland. 

BELMONT  CASTLE,  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
"YVh arn cliff e,  near  Meikle,  Perthshire. 

BELNABOTH,  place,  with  ruined  ancient 
chapel,  in  Towie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

BELNAGOAK,  hill  in  Methlick  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BELRETIRO,  seat  on  west  side  near 
foot  of  Loch  Lomond,  Dumbartonshire. 

BELSES,  village,  with  railway  station, 
1\  miles  north-north-east  of  Hawick, 
Roxburghshire. 


BEL 


41 


BEN 


BELTON,  old  parish,  now  part  of  Dunbar 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

BELTONFORD,  hamlet  in  Dunbar  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

BELTREES,  hamlet  in  Lochwinnoch 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

BELTY,  rivulet,  running  to  the  Dee,  in 
Banchory  -  Ternan  parish,  Kincardine- 
shire. 

BELVIDERE,  seat  on  the  Clyde  in 
eastern  outskirts  of  Glasgow. 

BEMERSYDE,  estate,  with  old  baronial 
mansion,  on  the  Tweed  near  Di'yburgh, 
on  south-west  verge  of  Berwickshire. 

BENABOURD,  alpine  mountain,  3924 
feet  high,  one  of  the  Cairngorms,  Aber- 
deenshire and  Banffshire. 

BENABOURD,  lofty  mountain  in  Glen- 
orchy  parish,  Argyleshire. 

BENACHALLY,  mountain,  1694 feet  high, 
with  magnificentview,  5  miles  north-north- 
east of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire. 

BENACHASTLE,  mountain,  2897  feet 
high,  14  miles  west  of  Killin,  Perthshire. 

BENACLEIDH,  grand  mountain  on  east 
flank  of  Loch  Awe,  Argyleshire. 

BEN AGH ARLAGAN ,  isolated  mountain 
in  Fortingal  parish,  Perthshire. 

BENAIGAN,  bulky  mountain,  1500  feet 
high,  flanking  the  Spey  about  7  miles 
south  of  Fochabers. 

BENALDER,  wild,  precipitous  moun- 
tain-range, 3757  feet  high,  overhanging 
Loch  Ericht,  on  south-east  border  of 
Inverness-shire. 

BENALLIGIN,  mountain,  3015  feet  high, 
overhanging  Loch  Torridon,  in  Ross- 
shire. 

BENANOIR,  peaked  mountain,- 2566  feet 
high,  one  of  the  '  Paps  of  Jura,'  in  Jura 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

BENARMINE,  mountain,  2306  feet  high, 
at  head  of  Strathnaver,  Sutherland. 

BENARTHUR,  or  COBBLER,  mountain, 
with  fantastically  outlined  peak,  2863  feet 
high,  overhanging  head  of  Loch  Long, 
Argyleshire. 

BENATTOW,  alpine  mountain,  3383  feet 
high,  at  head  of  Strath  a  ffrick,  on  mutual 
border  of  Inverness-shire  and  Ross-shire. 

BENAVEALLICH,  mountain,  1936  feet 
high,  in  Loth  parish,  Sutherland. 

BENAVEN,  alpine  mountain,  3843  feet 
high,  one  of  the  Cairngorms,  Aberdeen- 
shire and  Banffshire. 

BEN  AW,  mountain  in  Glenbucket  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BEN  AWN,  bare,  bold,  rocky  mountain, 
1800  feet  high,  overhanging  north  side  of 
foot  of  Loch  Katrine,  Perthshire. 

BENBECULA,  island,  between  North  Uist 
and  South  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  mea- 
sures about  8  miles  by  7  ;  is  all  a  low,  flat, 
intricate  mixture  of  lands,  marshes,  lakes, 
and  bays,  and  has  a  Free  church  and  a 
Roman  Catholic  church.    Pop.  1661. 

BENBEOCH,  mountain,  with  cave  and 
basaltic  colonnades,  in  Dalmellington 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

BENBLAVEN.    See  Blabhein. 


BENBREAC,  mountain,  2338  feet  high, 
in  Ardchattan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

BENBREAC,  summit,  1482  feet  high,  in 
north  of  Jura,  Argyleshire. 

BENBREAC,  hill,  946  feet  high,  5  miles 
north-west  of  Poolewe,  Ross-shire. 

BENBUI,  summit,  1797  feet  high,  on 
east  side  of  Strathnairn,  Inverness-shire. 

BENBUY,  mountain,  2352  feet  high,  in 
south-east  of  Mull,  Argyleshire. 

BENBUY,  lofty  mountain  near  head  of 
Glenshira,  Argyleshire. 

BENCAILLIACH,  mountain,  2387  feet 
high,  adjacent  to  Kyle-Rhea,  Isle  of  Skye. 

BENCAIRN,  hill,  1200  feet  high,  in 
Rerrick  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BENCARRICK,  mountain,  2848  feet  high, 
north  of  Glenstrae,  Argyleshire. 

BENCHALUIM,  mountain,  3354  feet 
high,  12  miles  west-by-south  of  Killin, 
Perthshire. 

BENCHAPULL,  mountain  in  Kilninver 
parish,  Areyleshire. 

BENCHEILT,  hill,  940  feet  high,  4 
miles  north-west  of  Lybster,  Caithness. 

BENCHINNAN,  mountain  -  range,  24 
miles  long  and  from  9  to  15  miles  broad, 
bordered  by  peaks  3180  and  3250  feet  high, 
cut  by  ravines  and  glens,  and  comprising 
the  section  of  Grampians  within  Forfar- 
shire. 

BENCHOAN,  mountain,  3101  feet  high, 
4^  miles  north  of  head  of  Loch  Katrine, 
Perthshire. 

BENCHOCHAN,  mountain  on  east  side 
of  Loch  Chon,  Perthshire. 

BENCHONZIE,  mountain,  8048  feet 
hieh,  at  head  of  Glenturret,  Perthshire. 

BENCLACHAN,  mountain,  2028  feet 
high,  near  Applecross  village,  Ross-shire. 

BENCLEUGH,  summit  of  the  Ochils,  2352 
feet  high,  8  miles  north-east  of  Stirling. 

BENCLYBRIC,  alpine  eonical  mountain, 
3164  feet  high,  with  very  extensive  view, 
in  almost  exact  centre  of  Sutherland. 

BENCRUACHAN,  peninsulated,  massive 
alpine  mountain,  3670  feet  high,  with 
magnificent  view,  between  Loch  Awe  and 
Loch  Etive,  Argyleshire. 

BENCRUBEN,  mountain,  1932  feet  high, 
on  west  side  of  Glentruim,  Inverness-shire. 

BENDEANAVAIG,  lofty,  remarkably- 
outlined  mountain,  overhanging  Loch 
Portree,  Isle  of  Skye. 

BENDEARG,  alpine  mountain,  3304  feet 
high,  8  miles  north-by- west  of  Blair  - 
Athole  village,  Perthshire. 

BENDEARG,  alpine  mountain,  3551  feet 
high,  near  head  of  Loch  Broom,  Ross-shire. 

BENDEARG,  mountain -range  on  west 
coast  of  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

BENDHEICEACH,  alpine  mountain,  3074 
feet  high,  8^  miles  west  of  Killin,  Perth- 
shire. 

BENDOCHY,  parish,  with  church,  2  miles 
north-west  of  Coupar-Angus,  Perthshire. 
Its  post  town  is  Coupar-Angus.  Acres, 
9368.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £12,075. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  715;  quoad  sacra,  499. 
The  southern  section,  around  the  church, 


BEN 


42 


BEN 


is  variously  level,  undulating,  and  hilly ; 
and  the  northern  one  lies  detached  at  from 
8  to  13  miles  to  the  north-west,  is  partly 
a  rable,  and  includes  skirts  of  the  Grampians. 
The  public  school  has  about  52  scholars. 

BENDONICH,  mountain,  2774  feet  high, 
2J  miles  north-by-east  of  Lochgoilhead, 
Argyleshire. 

BENDORAN,  mountain  on  east  side  of 
Loch  Tolla,  Argyleshire. 

BENDUAN,  mountain  on  north  side  of 
Strathdonan,  Sutherland. 

BENEADDAN,  or  BENYATTAN,  moun- 
tain, 2308  feet  high,  on  south  side  of  Loch 
Sunart,  Argyleshire. 

BENEAGACH,  mountain,  2259  feet  high, 
3  miles  south  of  foot  of  Loch  Tummel, 
Perthshire. 

BENEAGEEN.    See  Benaigan. 

BENEAY,  mountain,  6J  miles  south-west 
of  Kinlochewe,  Ross-shire. 

BENEIGEN,  mountain  on  south  side  of 
Loch  Fannich,  Ross-shire. 

BENERAIRD,  hill,  1435  feet  high,  in 
Ballantrae  parish,  Ayrshire. 

BENETHRA,  mountain,  2003  feet  high, 
3  miles  south-by-west  of  Stenscholl,  Isle 
of  Skye. 

BENEUNAICH,  alpine  mountain,  3242 
feet  high,  on  west  side  of  Glenstrae, 
Argyleshire. 

BENEVACHART,  mountain,  about  3000 
feet  high,  10  miles  west  of  Beauly,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

BENFAD,  alpine  mountain-range,  with 
pyramidal  summits,  in  Glenshiel  parish, 
Boss-shire. 

BENFHIONNLAIDH,  alpine  summit,  3149 
feet  high,  on  south  side  of  upper  part  of 
Glencreran,  Argyleshire. 

BENFILE,  massive  lofty  mountain,  with 
white  quartz  peaks,  on  left  side  of  head 
of  Loch  Maree,  Ross-shire. 

BENFIN,  summit  of  alpine  range  on 
north  side  of  Loch  Fannich,  Ross-shire. 

BENGAIRN.    See  Bencairn. 

BENGAL,  village  in  Dryfesdale  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BENGLAMAIG,  mountain  on  south  side 
of  Loch  Sligachan,  Isle  of  Skye. 

BENGLASS,  mountain,  overhanging 
Glendouglas,  near  middle  of  west  side  of 
Loch  Lomond. 

BENGLOE.    See  Benygloe. 

BENGNUIS,  mountain,  2597  feet  high, 
with  tarn,  on  south  side  of  Gleniorsa, 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

BENGOBHLACH,  mountain,  2074  feet 
high,  4  miles  west  of  Ullapool,  Ross-shire. 

BENGRIAM,  mountain,  1935  feet  high, 
at  meeting-point  of  Farr,  Reay,  and 
Kildonan  parishes,  Sutherland. 

BENHALLIVAL,  mountain,  with  two 
tabular  summits,  1583  and  1527  feet  high, 
called  Macleod's  Tables,  in  Bracadale 
parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

BENHAR,  village  in  Whitburn  parish, 
Linlithgowshire.  Pop.  763.  A  church 
for  it  and  Harthill  was  erected  in  1877, 
and  contains  660  sittings. 


BENHEE,  mountain,  2858  feet  high,  on 
mutual  border  of  Farr  and  Edderachyliis 
parishes,  Sutherland. 

BENHEINISH,  loftiest  ground  in  Tyree 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

BENHESKERNICH,  alpine  mountain, 
3530  feet  high,  at  head  of  south  side  of 
Glenlyon,  Perthshire. 

BENHIANT,  mountain,  1759  feet  high, 
on  south  side  of  Ardnamurchan  peninsula, 
Argyleshire. 

BENHIEL,  mountain  on  west  side  of 
Loch  Loyal,  Sutherland. 

BENHILL,  hill-range,  with  extensive 
view,  in  Ruthven  parish,  Banffshire. 

BENHOLM,  seaside  parish,  containing 
Johnshaven  town,  in  Kincardineshire. 
Acres,  4891.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£8521.  A  belt  of  low,  flat  land  lies  along 
the  shore ;  an  ancient  sea-beach  bounds 
that  belt ;  and  a  series  of  eminences, 
with  intervening  dales,  rises  thence  to 
the  inland  boundary.  Benholm  Castle  is 
a  well-preserved,  ancient,  strong  baronial 
fortalice.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian ;  and 
there  are  2  public  schools,  with  about 
155  scholars. 

BENHOPE,  massive  alpine  mountain, 
3040  feet  high,  at  east  side  of  head  of  Loch 
Hope,  in  Sutherland. 

BENHORN,  mountain,  1712  feet  high,  on 
north  side  of  Dunrobin  glen,  in  Sutherland. 

BENHUTIG,  hill,  1340  feet  high,  adjacent 
to  Whitenhead,  in  Sutherland. 

BENIMA,  mountain,  3250  feet  high, 
in  northern  vicinity  of  Benarthur,  at  head 
of  Loch  Long,  Argyleshire. 

BENINTURK,  or  BENTORC,  mountain, 
1491  feet  high,  near  centre  of  Kintyre, 
Argyleshire. 

BENKETLAN,  beautifully  outlined  lofty 
mountain,  in  Ardchattan  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

BENKILLY,  mountain,  2152  feet  high, 
on  north-west  side  of  Loch  Linnhe,  Argyle- 
shire. 

BENKLIBRECK.    See  Benclybric. 

BENLAGA,  mountain  on  north  of  Loch 
Sunart,  Argyleshire. 

BENLAIR,  massive  lofty  mountain  over- 
hanging north  side  of  lower  part  of  Loch 
Maree,  in  Ross-shire. 

BENLAOGHILL.    See  Benloyal. 

BENLAOIDH,  or  BENLOY,  alpine 
mountain,  with  peaked  summit  3708  feet 
high,  6  miles  east-south-east  of  Dalmally, 
Argyleshire. 

BENLAWERS,  broad-based,  grandly  out- 
lined, cone-capped,  alpine  mountain,  3984 
feet  high,  with  magnificent  extensive  view, 
on  north-west  side  of  Loch  Tay,  Perth- 
shire. 

BENLEATHAN,  mountain,  2312  feet 
high,  3  miles  south  of  Killin,  Perthshire. 

BENLEDI,  broad-based  mountain,  2875 
feet  high,  with  tarn,  and  with  gorgeous 
view,  in  west-north-western  vicinity  of 
Callander,  Perthshire. 

BENLEVEN,      peninsulated  district, 


BEN 


43 


BEN 


between  Loch  Lomond  and  river  Leven 
on  the  one  side,  and  Loch  Long  and 
Gareloch  on  the  other,  Dumbartonshire. 

BENLIGA,  mountain  in  Stobo  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

BENLOCHAIN,  mountain,  2306  feet  high, 
2h  miles  west-by-south  of  Lochgoilhead, 
Argyleshire. 

BENLOMOND,  massive  alpine  mountain, 
ascending  slowly  from  the  south,  breaking- 
down  precipitously  on  the  north,  culmi- 
nating at  3912  feet  above  sea-level,  and 
commanding  a  most  extensive  and 
magnificent  view,  on  east  side  of  upper 
part  of  Loch  Lomond,  Stirlingshire. 

BENLOY.    See  Benlaoidh. 

BENLOYAL,  picturesque  mountain,  with 
splintered  summit  2505  feet  high,  on  west 
side  of  Loch  Loyal,  in  Sutherland. 

BENLUNDIE,  hill,  1154  feet  high,  near 
Golspie,  in  Sutherland. 

BENMACDHU,  loftiest  of  the  Cairngorm 
Mountains,  with  summit  4296  feet  high, 
at  12  miles  north-west  of  Castleton- 
Braemar,  Aberdeenshire. 

BENMAIGH.    See  Benbuy,  Mull  Island. 

BENMEAN,  mountain  in  Morvern  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

BENMORE,  alpine  double-coned  moun- 
tain, 3843  feet  high,  on  south  side  of  upper 
part  of  Glendochart,  Perthshire. 

BENMORE,  massive  alpine  mountain, 
extending  from  Loch  -  na  -  Keal  to  Loch 
Scriden,  and  culminating  at  3172  feet 
above  sea-level,  in  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

BENMORE,  grand  alpine  mountain,  with 
summit  3281  feet  high,  at  4J  miles  east- 
south-east  of  head  of  Loch  Assynt,  Suther- 
land. 

BENMORE,  alpine  mountain-range,  with 
pyramidal  summits,  in  Glenshiel  parish, 
Boss-shire. 

BENMORE,  mountain, 1  2038  feet  high, 
in  middle  of  east  coast  of  South  Uist 
Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

BENMORE,  remarkably  outlined  moun- 
tain, 6|  miles  north-west  of  Ullapool, 
Boss-shire. 

BENMORE,  steep,  lofty  mountain,  over- 
hanging Glenmassan,  Gleneachaig,  and 
Loch  Eck,  in  Cowal,  Argyleshire. 

BENMORE,  notable  mountain  in  Lochs 
parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

BENMORE,  mountain,  2367  feet  high,  in 
Bum  Island,  Inner  Hebrides. 

BENNABUIRD.    See  Bexaboukd. 

BENNACALLIOCH,  peaked  mountain, 
near  Broadford,  Isle  of  Skye. 

BENNACHIE,  summit,  1619  feet  high, 
with  Caledonian  stone  circle,  3  miles 
south  of  Oyne,  Aberdeenshire. 

BENNAMAIN,  one  of  the  Cairngorms,  in 
north-eastern  vicinity  of  Benmacdhu. 

BENNAN,  hill,  920  feet  high,  6^  miles 
south-east  of  Maybole,  Ayrshire. 

BENNAN,  headland  terminating  Struey 
cliffs,  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

BENNAVROCHAN,  one  of  the  Cairn- 
gorms, 3795  feet  high,  in  southern  vicinity 
of  Cairn+.oul. 


BENNETSTON,  village  in  Polmont  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

BENNEVIS,  loftiest  mountain  in  Great 
Britain.  It  rises  abruptly  from  low  ground 
adjacent  to  Fort -William,  Inverness-shire  ; 
attains  an  altitude  of  4406  feet ;  com- 
mands a  sublime  extensive  view ; 
discharges  into  Nevis  river  a  waterfall 
thought  by  many  persons  to  be  finer  than 
the  Falls  of  Foyers  ;  and  is  skirted  round 
the  base,  up  Glennevis,  by  a  public 
carriage  drive  formed  in  1880. 

BENNEWE,  flat-topped  mountain,  with 
extensive  view,  in  Strathdon  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BENNUIS.    See  Bengnuis. 

BENOCHY,  seat  near  Kirkcaldy,  Fife. 

BENOCHY,  Aberdeenshire.  See  Ben- 
nachie. 

BENRAH,  hill,  780  feet  high,  11  miles 
west-south-west  of  Thurso,  Caithness. 

BENREITHE,  summit  of  Argyle's  Bowl- 
ing-green, Argyleshire.  Its  height  is  2141 
feet. 

BENRESIPOL,  mountain,  2792  feet  high, 
5  miles  west-north-west  of  Strontian, 
Argyleshire. 

BENRINNES,  massive  mountain,  2747 
feet  high,  with  extensive  view,  in 
southern  vicinity  of  Aberlour,  Banffshire. 

BENROSSAL,  mountain  on  east  side  of 
upper  part  of  Strathnaver,  Sutherland. 

BENRUADH,  mountain,  2178  feet  high, 
on  east  side  of  lower  part  of  Lock  Eck, 
Argyleshire. 

BENSCARBA,  summit,  1490  feet  high, 
in  Scarba  Island,  Argyleshire. 

BENSCARRACH,  mountain,  8  miles 
west-north -west  of  Lairg,  in  Sutherland. 

BENSCREEL,  mountain,  3196  feet  high, 
on  north  side  of  Loch  Hourn,  Inverness- 
shire. 

BENSHALGS,  small  lake  in  Knockando 
parish,  Elginshire. 

BENSLEY.  village  in  Kilwinning  parish, 
Ayrshire.    Pop.  318. 

BENSMEORALE,  mountain,  6  miles 
north-north-west  of  Brora,  in  Sutherland. 

BENSPIONNA,  mountain,  2535  feet  high, 
on  west  side  of  upper  part  of  Loch  Eriboll, 
in  Sutherland. 

BENSTACK,  pyramidal  mountain,  2364 
feet  high,  overhanging  Loch  Stack,  in 
Edderachyllis  parish,  Sutherland. 

BENSTARIVE,  stern,  massive  mountain, 
3541  feet  high,  on  east  side  of  upper  part 
of  Loch  Etive,  Argyleshire. 

BENSTOMINO,  mountain  on  east  side  of 
Loch  Loyal,  in  Sutherland. 

BENSTROME,  mountain,  3  miles  south 
of  Benstack,  in  Sutherland. 

BENT,  place  in  Lesmahagow  parish, 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  105  scholars. 

BENTARSEN,  mountain,  2149  feet  high, 
on  north  side  of  head  of  Glenfruin,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 

BENTOAIG,  mountain,  2712  feet  high,  2 
miles  north-west  of  Loch  Tolla,  Glenorchy, 
Argyleshire. 


BEN 


44 


BER 


BENTORC.    See  Benintukk. 

BENTRILLEACHAN,  mountain,  2752 
feet  high,  on  west  side  of  upper  part  of 
Loch  Etive,  Argyleshire. 

BENTS,  railway  station,  4f  miles  south 
of  Bathgate,  Linlithgowshire. 

BENTS,  seat  in  West  Calder  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

BENTS,  affluent  of  the  Don,  at  eastern 
boundary  of  Alford  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

BENUAIG,  hill,  1320  feet  high,  at  head 
of  Loch-na-Keal,  in  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

BENUAISH.    See  Benwyvis. 

BENUARIE,  mountain,  1923  feet  high, 
8  miles  west  of  Helmsdale,  in  Sutherland. 

BENULAR,  mountain,  \\  miles  south- 
west of  Lochgoilhead,  Argyleshire. 

BENULAY,  alpine  mountain  in  Kintail 
parish,  Boss-shire. 

BENUNA,  mountain  on  south-west  side 
of  Glencroe,  Argyleshire. 

BENURANMORE  and  BENURANBEG, 
mountains,  3427  and  3011  feet  high,  on 
north-east  verge  of  Blair-Athole  parish, 
contiguous  to  Aberdeenshire. 

BENUSHINISH,  mountain  in  Lochs 
parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

BENVADDA,  mountain  in  north-western 
vicinity  of  Bengriam,  Sutherland. 

BENVALLA,  mountain  in  Stobo  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

BENVAN,  mountain,  with  fine  view,  in 
Kilmartin  parish,  Argyleshire. 

BENVAREN,  mountain,  2345  feet  high, 
in  north-west  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

BENVEEDAN,  massive  alpine  mountain, 
in  Ardchattan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

BENVENUE,  mountain,  2386  feet  high, 
overhanging  south  side  of  Loch  Katrine, 
Perthshire. 

BENVIE,  village  and  old  parish,  an- 
nexed to  Liff,  on  south-west  border  of  For- 
farshire. 

BENVIGORY,  hill,  scene  of  sanguinary 
fight  between  the  Macdonalds  and  the 
Macleans,  on  east  side  of  Islay  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

BENVOIRLICH,  mountain,  3224  feet 
high,  with  extensive  magnificent  view, 
3  miles  south  of  middle  of  Loch  Earn, 
Perthshire. 

BENVOIRLICH,  mountain,  3091  feet 
high,  overhanging  Loch  Sloy,  near  head  of 
Loch  Lomond,  Dumbartonshire. 

BENVOLLICH,  mountain,  5  miles  north 
of  middle  of  Loch  Rannoch,  Perthshire. 

BENVRACKY,  mountain,  2757  feet  high, 
with  splendid  view,  adjacent  to  east  side 
of  Killiecrankie  Pass,  Perthshire. 

BENVRAGIE,  hill,  1384  feet  high, 
crowned  by  colossal  statue,  near  Golspie, 
Sutherland. 

BENVRAICK,  summit,  1922  feet  high, 
5  miles  north -north-west  of  Drymen, 
Stirlingshire. 

BENVUI,  hill  in  Eigg  Island,  Inner 
Hebrides. 

BENVUROCK,  mountain,  2961  feet  high, 


in  east-south-eastern  vicinity  of  Benygloe, 
Perthshire. 

BENWHAT,  hill  and  village,  3  miles  north 
of  Dalmellington,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  772. 

BENWYVIS,  huge-based,  broad-shoul- 
dered, lumpish  mountain,  culminating  at 
3426  feet,  8  miles  north-west  of  Dingwall, 
in  Ross-shire,  and  commanding  a  sublime 
view. 

BENYASH,  lofty  hill,  in  north-west  of 
Ardnamurchan  peninsula,  Argyleshire. 

BENYATTAN.    See  Beneadden. 

BENYGLOE,  huge-based,  four-summited 
mountain,  with  extreme  altitude  of  3671 
feet,  on  left  flank  of  Glentilt,  Perth- 
shire. 

BEOCH,  place  on  east  side  of  Loch  Ryan, 
4  miles  north-north-e^st  of  Stranraer, 
"Wigtonshire. 

BEORAIK,  lake  in  east  of  Arasaig  dis- 
trict, Inverness-shire. 

BERBETH,  seat  on  the  Doon,  2  miles 
south  of  Dalmellington,  Ayrshire. 

BERIGONIUM,  site  of  alleged  ancient 
capital  of  Dalriada,  on  the  coast,  6  miles 
north-north-east  of  Oban,  Argyleshire. 
The  place  is  now  called  Dunmacsniachan, 
and  contains  only  such  vestiges  as  seem  to 
indicate  its  having  been  the  site  of  a  small 
Scandinavian  settlement. 

BERNARDS  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  Established  and  Free  churches,  in 
north  of  New  Town,  Edinburgh.  Pop.  5682. 

BERNARDS  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Glasgow.    Pop.  11,176. 

BERNERA,  island  in  south  side  of  Loch 
Roag,  west  coast  of  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 
It  measures  about  8  miles  by  2,  is  sur- 
rounded by  numerous  islets,  one  of  them 
called  Little  Bernera,  and  contains  the 
largest  group  of  ancient  standing  stones  in 
Great  Britain.    Pop.  596. 

BERNERA,  island  in  Harris  Sound,  near 
northern  extremity  of  North  Uist,  Outer 
Hebrides.  It  measures  about  3j  miles  by 
2,  and  has  a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church. 
Pop.  452. 

BERNERA,  island  at  southern  extremity 
of  Outer  Hebrides.  It  measures  about  1 
mile  by  f ,  and  rises  from  cliffs  to  a  height 
of  about  500  feet.    Pop.  57. 

BERNISDALE,  place  in  Snizort  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  117  scholars. 

BERNORY,  coast  rock,  with  3  caves,  in 
Orphir  parish,  Orkney. 

BERRIEDALE,  rivulet,  village,  castle, 
and  quoad  sacra  parish  on  south  border  of 
Caithness.  The  rivulet  rises  among  Mor- 
vern  Mountains,  and  runs  about  16  miles 
eastward  and  south-eastward  to  the  sea, 
near  north  base  of  the  Ord. — The  village 
stands  in  a  gorge  at  the  rivulet's  mouth, 
9 J  miles  north-east  of  Helmsdale  ;  has  a 
post  office  under  Golspie,  an  Established 
church,  and  a  Free  church,  and  gives  the 
title  of  baron  to  the  Earl  of  Caithness. — 
The  castle  stands  adjacent  to  the  village, 
and  is  a  ruined  old  baronial  fortalice. 
Pop.  of  the  parish,  1184. 


BER 


45 


BIG 


BERRYHEAD,  grand  rocky  promontory 
at  south  end  of  Walls,  Orkney. 

BERRYHILL,  place  in  Cainbusnethan 
parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  256  scholars. 

BERRYHILL,  seat,  2  miles  west  of  Peter- 
head, Aberdeenshire. 

BERRYHILL,  estate  in  Kilsyth  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

BERRYKNOWE,  seat  near  south-western 
outskirts  of  Glasgow. 

BERTHA,  site  of  ancient  town,  on 
quondam  Roman  road,  at  influx  of  the 
Almond  to  the  Tay,  2  miles  north  of  Perth. 

BERTRAM-SHOTTS.    See  Shotts. 

BERVIE,  rivulet,  town,  and  parish  in 
Kincardineshire.  The  rivulet  runs  curv- 
ingly  about  12  miles  eastward  to  the  sea. 
— The  town  stands  on  the  right  side  of  the 
rivulet's  mouth,  at  terminus  of  Montrose 
and  Bervie  Railway  ;  ranks  as  a  royal  and 
parliamentary  burgh,  grouped  with  Mon- 
trose, Arbroath,  Brechin,  and  Forfar  ;  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Fordoun, 
2  banking  offices,  a  modern  town  hall,  a 
public  hall  of  1876,  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  79  scholars. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £2877.  Pop. 
1095. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
village  of  Gourdon,  and  comprises  2332 
acres.  Real  property  of  landward  part  in 
1880-81,  £3746.  Pop.  2107.  The  surface 
ascends  gradually  inland,  but  has  two 
nearly  parallel  hill-ridges.  There  are  2 
public  schools  for  351  scholars,  and  1  of 
them,  for  170,  is  new. 

BERVIE  BROW,  bold  promontory  at  left 
side  of  mouth  of  Bervie  rivulet,  Kincar- 
dineshire. 

BERWICK  (NORTH),  town  and  parish  on 
north  coast  of  Haddingtonshire.  The 
town  stands  at  terminus  of  branch  railway 
amid  charming  environs,  adjacent  to  fine 
beach  and  golfing  links,  22}  miles  east- 
north-east  of  Edinburgh ;  is  a  royal  burgh, 
a  nominal  seaport,  and  a  fashionable 
watering-place  ;  unites  with  Haddington, 
Dunbar,  Jedburgh,  and  Lauder  in  sending 
a  member  to  Parliament ;  consists  chiefly 
of  2  streets,  at  nearly  right  angles  with 
each  other ;  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  2  banking  offices,  2 
hotels,  2  private  hotels,  a  town  hall  pro- 
jected in  1872,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Episcopalian  churches, 
a  public  school  with  about  266  scholars, 
and  some  remains  of  an  ancient  nunnery, 
celebrated  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Marmion. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £9271.  Pop. 
1398.  —  The  parish  includes  Tantallon 
Castle  and  the  Bass,  and  measures  on  the 
mainland  about  3g  miles  by  3.  Acres, 
5067.  Real  property  of  landward  part  in 
18S0-81,t  £17,511.  Pop.  of  the  whole, 
2688.  North  Berwick  Law,  in  southern 
vicinity  of  the  town,  is  an  embellished, 
conical  hill,  612  feet  high,  and  commands 
an    exquisite  panoramic  view.  Xorth 


Berwick  or  Leucine  House,  east-south-east 
of  the  Law,  is  the  seat  of  Sir  Hew  H. 

'  Dalrymple,  Bart.  The  coast  of  the  parish 
is  rocky  and  indented,  the  interior  is 
richly  cultivated,  and  the  southern  dis- 
trict is  crossed  by  a  picturesque  range  of 
trap  rocks.  There  are  1  schools  for  482 
scholars,  and  1  of  them,  for  400,  is  new. 

BERWICKSHIRE,  county  in  extreme 
south-east  of  Scotland.  Its  boundary,  on 
the  north,  is  a  line  through  the  centre  of 
the  Lammermoor  Hills ;  on  the  east,  the 
German  Ocean  ;  on  the  south,  an  artificial 
line  of  4^  miles,  and  the  river  Tweed, 
dividing  it  from  England  ;  on  the  west, 
partly  the  river  Leader,  and  partly  an 
artificial  line  dividing  it  from  Roxburgh- 

!   shire  and  Edinburghshire.     Its  greatest 

I  length  is  34  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth, 
21  miles  ;  its  coast  line,  about  22  mdes  ; 
its  area,  464  square  mdes.  The  Lammer- 
moor Hills,  to  the  average  breadth  of 
about  7  miles,  occupy  all  the  north ;  a 
diversified  tract  of  hill,  dale,  and  ravine, 
about  5|  miles  in  mean  breadth,  faced 
mostly  with  high,  rocky,  precipitous 
coast,  forms  all  the  east ;  the  Merse,  a 
diversified  luxuriant  champaign,  occupies 
all  the  south  ;  and  Lauderdale,  partly  vale 

j  and  partly  hilly,  forms  the  west.  The 
rocks  are  chiefly  Silurian  and  devonian, 
and  the  soils  are  exceedingly  various. 
The  chief  rivers,  besides  the  Tweed  and 
the  Leader,  are  the  Whitadder  and  the 
Blackadder  ;  and  the  smaller  streams  of 
any  note  are  the  Eye,  the  Dye,  the  Ale, 
and  the  Leet.  Agriculture  is  in  prime 
condition,  and  fisheries  are  important,  but 
manufactures  are  of  small  amount.  The 
towns  with  each  between  2000  and  3000 
inhabitants  are  Dunse  and  Eyemouth ; 
the  towns  with  each  between  1000  and 
2000  inhabitants  are  Coldstream,  Earlston, 
and  Lauder ;  and  the  towns  or  villages 
with  each  between  300  and  900  inhabitants 
are  Greenlaw,  Chirnside.  Ayton,  Colding- 
ham,  Gordon,  Leitholm,  Paxton,  Swinton, 
and  Burnmouth.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£355,123.  Pop.  in  1S71,  36,486 ;  in  1881, 
35,383. 

BETHELNIE,  hill,  with  traces  of  Roman 
camp,  4  miles  north-west  of  Old  Meldrum, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BETTYHILL,  place  at  foot  of  Strath- 
naver,  Sutherland. 

BEVELAW,  water  -  reservoir  and  old 
royal  hunting-seat  on  the  Pentlands,  5 
I  miles  north-west  of  Penicuick,  Edinburgh- 
l  shire. 

BIEL.    See  Beil. 

BIELDSIDE,  seat  in  Peterculter  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BIGGA,  island,  about  2^-  miles  long,  in 
Yell  Sound,  Shetland. 

BIGGAR,  rivulet  of  Lanarkshire  and 
Peeblesshire,  and  town  and  parish  on 
south-east  border  of  Lanarkshire.  The 
rivulet  runs  about  4  miles  southward,  and 
5  miles  eastward  to  the  Tweed,  at  Sh  miles 
south-west  of  Peebles.— The  town  stanus- 


BIG 


46 


BIR 


on  the  rivulet,  15f  miles  west-south-west 
of  Peebles ;  consists  of  2  parts,  ancient 
and  modern  ;  was  the  scene  of  a  battle 
between  Sir  "William  Wallace  and  the 
English ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  a  railway  station,  3  banking 
offices,  3  chief  inns,  a  large  ancient  moat, 
a  good  bridge  of  1873,  a  cruciform  parochial 
church  of  1545.  a  handsome  United  Presby- 
terian church  of  1878,  and  3  public  schools 
with  about  343  scholars.  Pop.  1556. — 
The  parish  is  6h  miles  long,  and  comprises 
7272  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£14,445.  Pop.  2128.  The  surface  is  partly 
hilly,  and  partly  portion  of  a  dingle 
extending  from  the  Clyde  to  the  Tweed. 
The  seats  are  Biggar  Park,  Cambus- 
Wallace,  Edmonston,  and  Carwood. 

BIGHOUSE,  seat  on  Halladale  water, 
near  Melvich  village,  Sutherland. 

BIGHOUSE,  seat  in  Edrom  parish,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

BILBSTER,  burn  and  seat  in  Wick 
parish,  Caithness. 

BILLHOLM,  seat  in  Westerkirk  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BILLY  CASTLE,  fragment  of  strong 
ancient  fortress,  which  figured  much  in 
the  Border  wars,  2  miles  north  of  Chirn- 
side,  Berwickshire.  Billy  Mire,  around  it, 
was  a  morass  which  afforded  it  great 
defence,  and  gave  name  to  an  international 
truce,  but  is  now  drained  and  cultivated. 

BILLYNESS,  headland  at  Anstruther 
Bay,  Fife. 

BILSDEAN,  hamlet  in  Oldham  stocks 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

BIMAR,  skerry,  with  beacon,  f  mile 
south-west  of  North  Queensferry,  Fife. 

BINCHINNAN.    See  Benchinnan. 

BINEND,  small  lake  in  Eaglesham  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

BINGHILL,  seat  in  Peterculter  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BINGRY.    See  Ballinory. 

BINN,  abrupt,  bare,  lofty  hill,  over- 
looking Firth  of  Forth,  in  Burntisland 
parish,  Fife. 

BINN,  conical,  conspicuous  hill,  1048 
feet  high,  2  miles  south-west  of  Cullen, 
Banffshire. 

BINNANS,  hill,  with  precipitous  face 
and  grand  view,  on  the  coast  between 
Greenock  and  Gourock,  Renfrewshire. 

BINNIE,  place,  with  famous  sandstone 
quarry,  in  Uphall  parish,  Linlithgow- 
shire. 

BINNIEHILL,  village  in  Slamannan 
parish,  Stirlingshire.    Pop.  434. 

BINNING,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
Linlithgow  parish,  Linlithgowshire.  It 
gives  the  title  of  baron  to  the  Earl  of 
Haddington. 

BINNS,  seat  of  Sir  Robert  A.  O.  Dalyell, 
Bart.,  in  Abercorn  parish,  Linlithgow- 
shire. 

BINRAM'S  CROSS,  small  stone  -  capped 
mound,  alleged  to  be  the  tomb  of  a 
notorious  clerical  necromancer,  on  west  side 
of  St.  Mary's  Loch,  Selkirkshire. 


BINSNESS,  estate  in  Dyke  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

BIRD,  headland  at  south  side  of  mouth 
of  Loch  Goil,  Argyleshire. 

BIRDSTONE,  village  in  Campsie  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

BIRGHAM,  village  on  the  Tweed,  3£ 
miles  west  -  by  -  south  of  Coldstream, 
Berwickshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Coldstream,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  67  scholars. 

BIRKHALL,  royal  seat  within  Balmoral 
demesne,  Aberdeenshire. 

BIRKHILL,  village  in  Liff  parish,  Forfar- 
shire.   Pop.  177. 

BIRKHILL,  seat  in  Balmerino  parish, 
Fife. 

BIRKHILL,  small  inn,  amid  high  moors, 
notable  in  the  history  of  the  Covenanters, 
4^  miles  south-south-west  of  the  head  of 
St.  Mary's  Loch,  Selkirkshire. 

BIRKHILLSIDE,  seat  in  Legerwood 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

BIRKWOOD,  seat  near  Lesmahagow, 
Lanarkshire. 

BIRLEYHILL,  place  in  Durrisdeer  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  90  scholars. 

BIRNAM,  hill,  pass,  and  village,  near 
Dunkeld,  Perthshire.  The  hill  adjoins 
right  bank  of  the  Tay,  2^  miles  south  of 
Dunkeld ;  is  traversed,  on  a  terrace-line 
round  its  east  skirts,  by  the  Highland 
Railway  ;  has  a  height  of  1324  feet  above 
sea-level ;  commands  a  very  striking  view  ; 
figures  notably  in  Shakespeare's  story  of 
Macbeth ;  and  retains  vestiges  of  King 
Duncan's  residence,  and  of  a  vitrified  fort. 
— The  pass  is  a  gorge  traversed  by  the  Tay 
at  east  end  of  the  hill,  and  is  frequently 
called  the  Mouth  of  the  Highlands. — The 
village  stands  at  Dunkeld  railway  station, 
15£  miles  north-north-west  of  Perth ;  is 
recent,  well-edificed,  and  picturesque  ;  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Dunkeld,  a 
very  large  and  ornate  hotel,  and  a  Gothic 
Episcopalian  church.    Pop.  268. 

BIRNESS,  place,  6  miles  from  Ellon, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Ellon. 

BIRNIE,  parish  on  the  Lossie,  averagely 
4  miles  south-south- west  of  Elgin.  Post 
town,  Elgin.  Length,  7  miles.  Acres, 
6777.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £2770. 
Pop.  367.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
rises  from  about  50  to  1000  feet  above  sea- 
level.  A  spot,  formerly  called  Castlehill, 
was  probably  the  site  of  the  residence  of 
the  earliest  Bishops  of  Moray.  The  public 
school  has  about  85  scholars. 

BIRNS,  affluent  of  the  Tyne,  between 
Pencaitland  and  Salton  parishes,  Hadding- 
tonshire. 

BIRRENS,  large  well-preserved  Roman 
camp,  1J  mile  east-north-east  of  Eccle- 
fechan,  Dumfriesshire. 

BIRSAY  and  HARRAY,  united  parish 
in  north-west  of  Pomona,  Orkney.  Birsay 
includes  about  8  miles  of  coast,  mostly 


BIR 


47 


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bold  and  rocky  ;  measures  about  8  miles  by 
5  ;  is  partly  hilly,  partly  rich  arable  land  ; 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Kirkwall. 
Harray  extends  inland  and  southwards 
from  the  south-east  of  Birsay  ;  measures 
about  6  miles  by  4 ;  is  mostly  flat,  and 
somewhat  swampy  ;  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Stromness.  Real  property  of  the 
united  parish  in  1880-81,  £3651.  Pop. 
2326.  Birsay  contains  a  ruined  magni- 
ficent palace  of  the  Earls  and  Bishops  of 
Orkney ;  contains  also  many  ancient  stand- 
ing stones  and  Picts'  houses ;  includes  a 
peninsulated  tract,  with  traces  of  ancient 
fortification  ;  and  in  1876  was  constituted  a 
separate  parish  quoad  sacra.  Its  church 
was  renovated  in  1867,  and  contains  500 
sittings.  Other  churches  are  Harray 
parochial,  Birsay  Free,  and  Harray  and 
Sandwick  Free.  There  are  4  schools 
for  384  scholars,  and  3  of  them  and 
class-room  for  324  are  new. 

BIRSE,  parish  immediately  south-east  of 
Aboyne,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen.  Its  length  is  fully 
9  miles  ;  its  breadth  fully  7  miles  ;  its  area, 
31,219  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£7005.  Pop.  1093.  The  surface  extends 
from  the  Dee  to  a  watershed  of  the  Gram- 
pians ;  is  hilly  and  mountainous,  and 
comprises  only  about  3360  acres  of  arable 
land.  The  chief  residences  are  Finzean 
and  Ballogie.  The  parochial  church  con- 
tains about  500  sittings,  and  a  Roman 
Catholic  chapel  at  Ballogie  is  small.  There 
are  3  schools,  with  accommodation  for 
196  scholars. 

BIRSLEY,  historical  place,  with  coal 
mines,  in  Tranent  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

BIRTHWOOD,  seat  in  Culter  parish, 

BISHOPBRIGGS,  village,.  miles  north- 
east of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow,  a  railway  station,  a  Free  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  94  scholars. 
Pop.  832. 

BISHOPMILL,  suburb  of  Elgin.  Pop.  1196. 

BISHOP'S  LOCH,  small  lake  in  Cadder 
and  Old  Monkland  parishes,  Lanarkshire. 

BISHOP'S  LOCH,  small  lake  in  the  south 
of  New  Machar  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

BISHOPTON,  village,  mansion,  and  hill- 
ridge  in  Renfrewshire.  The  village  stands 
5|  miles  north-west  of  Paisley,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Glasgow,  a  railway 
station,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
50  scholars.  Pop.  280.  —  The  mansion 
stands  on  the  adjacent  hill-side,  commands 
a  charming  view,  and  was  once  the  rural 
seat  of  the  Archbishop  of  Glasgow. — The 
hill-ridge  separates  the  Clyde  from  the 
low  land  of  Gryfesdale,  and  is  pierced  by 
a  long  tunnel  of  the  Glasgow  and  Greenock 
Railway. 

BIXTER,  voe  or  bay  in  Sandsting  parish, 
Shetland. 

BIZZYBERRY,  lofty  hill  in  Biggar parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

BLABHEIN,  wild,  fissured,  pinnacled 
mountain-ridge,  with  extreme  height  of 


3019  feet,  and  with  sublime  view,  between 
Loch  Slappin  and  Loch  Scavaig,  in  south- 
east of  Isle  of  Skye. 

BLACKADDER,  river,  running  about  20 
miles  eastward  to  the  "Whitadder,  near 
Allanton,  Berwickshire. 

BLACKADDER  HOUSE,  seat  of  Sir 
George  A.  F.  H.  Boswell,  Bart.,  in  Edrom 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

BLACKBRAES,  village  in  Muiravonside 
parish,  Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  226  scholars.    Pop.  387. 

BLACKBURN,  village,  2|  miles  south  of 
Bathgate,  Linlithgowshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Bathgate,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  159  scholars.    Pop.  790. 

BLACKBURN,  village  about  2  miles 
south-east  of  Kintore,  Aberdeenshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Aberdeen,  and  a 
Free  church. 

BLACK  BURN,  rivulet,  making  3  great 
cascades,  and  entering  the  Liddel  near 
Newcastleton,  Roxburghshire. 

BLACK  BURN,  rivulet,  running  to  the 
North  Esk,  in  Mary  kirk  parish,  Kincar- 
dineshire. 

BLACK  BURN,  rivulet,  running  to  Loch 
of  Drum,  Aberdeenshire. 

BLACK  CART,  rivulet,  running  9  miles 
north  -  eastward  into  confluence  with 
White  Cart,  2^  miles  north  of  Paisley, 
Renfrewshire. 

BLACK  CAVE,  great  cavern  in  Struey 
rocks,  on  south  coast  of  Arran  Island, 
Buteshire. 

BLACKCRAIG,  village  in  Minnigaff 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BLACK  CRAIG,  mountain,  2298  feet 
high,  in  New  Cumnock  parish,  Ayrshire. 

BLACK  CRAIG,  mountain  in  Port  of 
Menteith  parish,  Perthshire. 

BLACK  CRAIG,  hill,  with  grand  view, 
in  Creich  parish,  Fife. 

BLACKDEAN,  hill,  1642  feet  high,  U 
miles  south-east  of  Morebattle,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

BLACK  DEE,  river,  running  about  18 
miles  south-eastward  into  confluence  with 
the  Ken,  to  form  the  Dee,  in  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

BLACK  ESK,  head-stream  of  the  Esk, 
in  Eskdalemuir  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

BLACKFAULDS,  seat  near  Rutherglen, 
Lanarkshire. 

BLACKFORD,  village  and  parish  in 
south-east  of  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  10  miles  north-east  of  Dunblane, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Braco,  a  railway  station, 
a  banking  office,  a  hotel,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  116  scholars.  Pop.  679. — The  parish 
is  about  10  miles  long  and  5  broad,  and 
comprises  21,453  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £17,588.  Pop.  1595.  The  river 
Earn  bounds  the  north,  Devon  water  the 
south,  and  the  Madrany,  the  Ruthven, 
and  the  Allan  traverse  parts  of  the 
interior.  The  northern  district  is  rich, 
well-cultivated  strath  ;  the  middle  district 


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48 


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comprises  Tullibardine  glen  and  moor ; 
and  the  southern  district  is  part  of  the 
Ochil  Hills.  There  are  3  public  schools 
for  231  scholars. 

BLACKFORD,  hill  in  southern  environs 
of  Edinburgh,  with  fine  view  of  that  city. 

BLACKFRIARS.  See  Andrews  (St.), 
Ayr,  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Perth, 
Stirling,  and  "VVigton. 

BLACKHALL,  village,  2\  miles  west-by- 
north  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Edinburgh. 

BLACKHALL,  railway  station,  3f  miles 
north-east  of  Morningside,  Lanarkshire. 

BLACKHALL,  roofless,  strong,  ancient 
baronial  mansion,  in  the  south-east  en- 
virons of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

BLACKHALL,  seat  near  Banchory,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

BLACKHILL,  quoad  sacra  parish  near 
Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Peterhead,  a  recently  erected 
church,  and  extensive  granite  quarries. 
Pop.  867. 

BLACKHILL,  place  on  Monkland  Canal, 
2  miles  east-north-east  of  Glasgow.  The 
canal  here  descends  96  feet  by  means  of 
double  locks  and  an  inclined  plane. 

BLACKHILLOCK,  place  in  Keith  parish, 
Banffshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Keith. 

BLACKHILLS,  place  in  Skene  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BLACKHOPE,  summit,  2136  feet  high, 
of  Moorfoot  Hills,  on  mutual  border  of 
Edinburghshire  and  Peeblesshire. 

BLACKHOUSE,  ruined  ancient  fortalice, 
the  scene  of  the  Douglas  tragedy,  in  the 
glen  of  Douglas  Burn,  and  group  of  stern, 
high  mountains  at  head  of  that  glen,  in 
Yarrow  parish,  Selkirkshire. 

BLACK  ISLE,  peninsula  between  Cro- 
marty Firth,  Moray  Firth,  and  Beauly 
Loch,  Ross-shire. 

BLACK  KNOWE,  each  of  3  mountains  in 
south-west  of  Selkirkshire. 

BLACKLARG,  mountain,  2231  feet  high, 
at  meeting  point  of  Ayrshire,  Dumfries- 
shire, and  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BLACKLAW,  place  in  Marnoch  parish, 
Banffshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  159  scholars. 

BLACKLAW,  small  hill,  with  rich,  exten- 
sive view,  in  Fowlis  section  of  Lundie 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

BLACK  LOCH,  small  lake  in  Dumfries 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

BLACK  LOCH,  small  lake  in  Mearns 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

BLACK  LOCH,  small  lake  in  Dunferm- 
line parish,  Fife. 

BLACK  LOCH,  marshy  lake  in  Blair- 
gowrie parish,  Perthshire. 

BLACK  LOCHS,  2  lakes,  Great  and 
Little,  in  Slamannan  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

BLACKMILL,  bay  in  Luing  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

BLACKMORE,  hill,  1639  feet  high,  near 
Dolphinton  village,  Lanarkshire. 

BLACKNESS,  village  and  castle  on  Firth 


of  Forth,  3 j  miles  north-east  of  Linlithgow. 
The  village  was  long  the  port  of  Linlithgow, 
and  had  considerable  commerce,  but 
eventually  became  a  merely  nominal  port 
and  little  else  than  a  hamlet. — The  castle 
dates  from  ancient  times,  and  succeeded  a 
previous  pile ;  was  long  regarded  as  one  of 
the  government  forts  of  Scotland  ;  passed 
latterly  into  a  state  of  desuetude ; 
underwent  transmutation,  along  with 
erection  of  adjacent  buildings,  in  1871-73, 
at  a  cost  of  about  £10,000,  in  order  to 
become  the  central  ammunition  depot 
of  Scotland ;  and  was  afterwards  to  be 
adapted  and  enlarged  by  other  alterations 
and  additional  buildings. 

BLACKPOTS,  place  in  Boyndie  parish, 
Banffshire. 

BLACK  QUARTER,  part  of  Inch  parish, 
formed  in  1628  into  Portpatrick  parish, 
Wigton  shire. 

BLACKRIDGE,  village,  miles  west- 
by-south  of  Bathgate,  Linlithgowshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Bathgate,  a  Free 
church  preaching-station,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  46  scholars. 

BLACK  ROCK,  lion-shaped  hill,  with 
vitrified  fort,  overhanging  head  of  Glen- 
farigag,  Inverness-shire. 

BLACKROOT,  hill,  4  miles  south-east  of 
Galston,  Ayrshire. 

BLACKSBOAT,  place,  8J  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Aberlour,  Banffshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Craigellachie,  and 
a  railway  station. 

BLACKSHAW,  village  in  Caerlaverock 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

BLACKSHIELS,  village  near  north  base 
of  Soutra  Hill,  15  miles  south-east  of 
Edinburgh.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Edinburgh. 

BLACKSIDE-END,  hill,  1342  feet  high, 
with  grand  view,  on  north-east  boundary 
of  Sorn  parish,  Ayrshire. 

BLACK  SPOUT,  cascade  of  about  120 
feet,  on  Edradour  burn,  near  Pitlochrie, 
Perthshire. 

BLACKSTON,  railway  junction  station,. 
11  miles  north-east  of  Airdrie,  Lanark- 
shire. 

BLACKSTOUN,  seat  in  Kilbarchan 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

BLACKSTOWN,  village  in  Erskine  parish, 
Renfrewshire.    Pop.  311. 

BLACKWATER,  affluent  of  the  Ken, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BLACKWATER,  stream  running  to 
Drimadown  Bay,  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

BLACKWATER,  head  -  stream  of  the 
Ericht,  Perthshire. 

BLACKWATER,  head  -  stream  of  the 
Deveron,  Banffshire. 

BLACKWATER,  head  -  stream  of  the 
Conan,  Ross-shire. 

BLACKWATER,  rivulet,  confluent  with 
the  Brora,  Sutherland. 

BLACKWOOD,  seat  and  railway  station 
in  Lesmahagow  parish,  Lanarkshire.  See 
also  Southfield. 


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49 


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BLACKWOOD,  seat  and  hill,  with 
delightful  views,  5J  miles  south-south- 
east of  Thornhill,  Dumfriesshire. 

BLADENOCH,  river  and  village  in  north- 
east of  "Wigtonshire.  The  river  runs 
about  24  miles  south-south-eastward  to 
Wigton  Bay,  in  vicinity  of  Wigton 
town ;  and  the  village  stands  on  the 
river  about  a  mile  south-west  of  the  town, 
and  has  a  post  office  designated  Bladenoch, 
"Wigtonshire. 

BLAINSLEE,  village  on  north-east  verge 
of  Melrose  parish,  Koxburghshire.  It  has 
a  public  school  with  about  58  scholars. 

BLAIR,  any  flat  tract  now  or  formerly 
moss  or  heath.  The  name  occurs  princi- 
pally as  a  prefix. 

BLAIR,  suburb  of  Dairy,  Ayrshire.  It 
has  public  works,  and  is  sometimes  called 
Blair  Works. 

BLAIR,  seat  in  Carnock  parish,  Fife. 

BLAIR  AD  AM,  hamlet,  4^  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Kinross.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Kinross,  and  a  railway 
station.  Blairadam  House  stands  about  a 
mile  to  the  west. 

BLAIR- ATHOLE,  village  and  parish  in 
Athole  district,  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  35J  miles  north  -  north  -  west  of 
Perth,  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
a  railway  station,  a  banking  office,  a 
large  ornate  hotel,  Established,  Free, 
and  Baptist  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  163  scholars.  —  The  parish 
is  about  27  miles  long  and  15  miles 
broad,  and  comprises  181,114  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £21,051.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1742 ;  quoad  sacra,  1687. 
Strathgarry,  from  Struan  Point  to  Killie- 
crankie  Pass,  is  the  mainly  inhabited 
portion ;  Glentilt,  Glenf  endar,  Glenerich- 
i  kie,  and  part  of  Strathtummel  include 
other  portions  of  low  ground ;  nearly  all 
I  the  rest  of  the  area  is  filled  with  the 
Grampians ;  and  the  whole  has  been 
j  summarily  noticed  in  our  article  on 
Athole.  Blair  Castle,  the  seat  of  the 
l  Duke  of  Athole,  is  a  conspicuous  feature  ; 
and  Lude  and  Auchleeks  are  the  chief 
other  residences.  An  Episcopalian  church 
is  at  Bridge  of  Tilt.  There  are  6  schools, 
with  accommodation  for  358  scholars. 

BLAIRBEG,  place  in  Urquhart  parish, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  public  school 
I  with  about  105  scholars. 

BLAIR  BETH,  seat  near  Rutherglen, 
Lanarkshire. 

BLAIRBURN,  village  in  Culross  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BLAIR  CASTLE,  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Athole,  near  Blair- Athole  village,  Perth- 
shire. It  dates  from  old  unrecorded  time, 
served  long  as  a  strong  military  post,  was 
r  garrisoned  by  the  Marquis  of  Montrose, 
.  stormed  by  Cromwell,  occupied  by 
'|  Claverhouse,  and  besieged  by  the  rebels 
in  1745 ;  underwent  transmutation  into 
the  form  of  a  mansion,  in  a  manner  to 


retain  a  very  plain  appearance,  was 
inhabited  for  3  weeks  in  1845  by  the 
royal  family,  and  began  in  1872  to 
undergo  extensive  architectural  embellish- 
ment. 

BLAIR  CASTLE,  seat  in  Culross  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BLAIRDAFF,  place  in  Chapel  of  Garioch 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  chapel-of- 
ease  and  a  Free  church. 

BLAIRDERON,  one  of  the  Ochils,  2072 
feet  high,  5|  miles  east-by-north  of  Dun- 
blane, Perthshire. 

BLAIRDRUMMOND,  estate,  famous  for 
remarkable  georgical  improvement,  in  Kin- 
cardine parish,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  large 
mansion,  a  fine  park,  a  post  office  under 
Stirling,  and  a  public  school. 

BLAIRESSAN,  place,  believed  to  have 
been  a  battle  scene  between  the  Romans 
and  the  Caledonians,  a  little  north  of  Kil- 
learn  village,  Stirlingshire. 

BLAIRFINDY,  estate,  with  ruined  noble 
hunting-seat,  in  Inveraven  parish,  Banff- 
shire. 

BLAIRGOWRIE,  town  and  parish  in 
north-east  of  Perthshire.  The  town  stands 
on  river  Ericht,  at  terminus  of  branch  rail- 
way, amid  charming  environs,  24J  miles 
north-east  of  Perth ;  was  only  a  mean 
village  at  commencement  of  present  cen- 
tury, is  now  a  flourishing  seat  of  textile 
manufactures ;  publishes  2  weekly  news- 
papers, has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  4  banking  offices,  7 
hotels,  a  town  hall,  2  Established 
churches,  2  Free  churches,  Congrega- 
tional, Episcopalian,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
687  scholars,  and  includes  practically  the 
suburbs  of  New  Rattray  and  Old  Rattray. 
Pop.  of  the  town  proper,  4537 ;  of  the 
town  and  suburbs,  7070.  —  The  parish 
contains  also  Lornty  village ;  is  intersected 
for  about  2  miles  by  other  parishes,  an^ 
measures,  exclusive  of  the  intersection, 
about  9  miles  in  length.  Acres,  15,303. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £26,378.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  5162 ;  quoad  sacra,  1624. 
The  surface  partly  lies  within  Strathmore, 
partly  extends  northward  thence  to  summits 
of  the  Grampians,  and  is  diversified  by  5 
water-courses  and  6  lakes.  The  chief 
seats  are  Blairgowrie  House,  Newton,  and 
Ardblair.  There  are  2  schools  for  864 
scholars,  and  1  of  them,  for  726,  is 
new. 

BLAIRINGONE,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
village  on  the  Devon,  If  mile  east  of 
Dollar,  Clackmannanshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Dollar,  a  small  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  105  scholars. 
Pop.  418. 

BLAIRLOGIE,  village,  3  miles  east- 
north-east  of  Stirling.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Stirling,  and  a  United  Presbyterian 
church.  Blairlogie  Castle,  in  its  vicinity, 
is  an  old  structure  transmuted  into  a  farm- 
house. 

BLAIRMAND,  place  in  Boyndie  parish, 
D 


BLA 


50 


BOA 


Banffshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  77  scholars. 

BLAIRMORE,  village  on  west  side  of 
Loch  Long,  near  the  loch's  mouth,  Argyll- 
shire. It  is  recent  and  well  built,  and  it 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Greenock, 
and  a  good  steamboat  pier.    Pop.  244. 

BLAIRMORE,  hamlet  in  Kenmore  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BLAIRQUHAN,  seat  of  Sir  Edward  H. 
Blair,  Bart.,  in  Kirkmichael  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

BLAIRS,  estate,  with  Boman  Catholic 
college,  on  the  Dee,  6  miles  south-west  of 
Aberdeen. 

BLAIRS,  lake  in  Bafford  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

BLAIRVOCKIE,  seat  on  east  side  of  Loch 
Lomond,  Stirlingshire. 

BLALOWNE,  seat  near  Cupar,  Fife. 

BLANE,  small  river,  making  a  series  of 
cascades  among  the  Lennox  Hills,  running 
thence  north-westward  to  the  Endrick, 
and  giving  the  name  of  Strathblane  to  its 
basin  in  Stirlingshire. 

BLANEFIELD,  village  3  miles  south-east 
of  Killearn,  Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  department,  under 
Glasgow,  and  a  railway  station.  Pop. 
169. 

BLANE'S  CHAPEL  (ST.),  ruined  ancient 
church  in  Kingarth  parish,  Bute  Island, 
Buteshire. 

BLANE  VALLEY  RAILWAY,  8J  miles  long, 
from  North  British  system  at  Lennoxtown 
down  the  course  of  Blane  river.  It  was 
opened  for  goods  in  1866,  for  passengers  in 
1867,  and  an  extension  of  it,  nearly  3  miles 
long,  into  junction  with  the  Forth  and 
Clyde  Bailway,  was  promoted  in  1880. 

BLANTYRE,  2  villages,  town,  and  par- 
ish, in  north-west  of  Lanarkshire.  Low 
Blantyre  village  stands  about  1^  mile  from 
the  Clyde,  8  miles  south-east  of  Glasgow, 
and  has  a  parochial  church  with  800  sittings, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  259  scholars. 
Pop.  698. — High  Blantyre  village  stands 
near  the  north-western  environs  of  Hamil- 
ton, and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Glasgow,  a  station  on 
the  Hamilton  and  Strathaven  Bailway,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  277  scholars. — 
Blantyre  station  is  on  Glasgow  and  Hamil- 
ton branch  of  Caledonian  Railway,  8  miles 
from  Glasgow,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow. — Blantyre  "Works  town  stands 
near  that  station,  adjacent  to  the  Clyde  ; 
is  a  remarkably  neat  and  clean  seat  of 
cotton  manufacture  ;  has  a  banking  office, 
a  masonic  hall  of  1878,  a  United  Presby- 
terian memorial  church  to  the  African 
explorer  Dr.  Livingstone,  projected  in 
1881,  and  a  suspension  bridge ;  and  was 
the  place  where  Dr.  Livingstone  spent 
some  years  as  a  juvenile  factory-worker. 
Pop.  1849. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  of  Barnhill,  Stonefield,  Hunthill, 
Auchinraith,  and  Auchintibber  ;  gives  the 
peerage  title  of  baron  to  the  family  of 


Stuart ;  and  is  about  &  miles  long,  but 
comparatively  narrow.  Acres,  3954.  Beal 
property  in  1880-81,  £38,081.  Pop.  9760. 
The  surface  is  low,  and  mostly  level. 
Blantyre  Priory,  founded  by  Alexander  II., 
and  now  a  tottering  ruin,  crowns  a  lofty 
rock  contiguous  to  the  Clyde.  The 
churches,  besides  the  parochial,  are  Free 
and  United  Presbyterian.  There  are  2 
public  schools  for  800  scholars,  and  both 
of  them  are  new. 

BLAROUR,  place  in  Kilmonivaig  parish, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  95  scholars. 

BLAVALIG,  hills,  5  miles  north-east  of 
Pitlochrie,  Perthshire. 

BLAVEN.    See  Blabhein. 

BLEBO,  village  in  Kemback  parish,  Fife. 
Pop.  217. 

BLELACK,seat  in  Logie-Coldstone  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BLERVIE,seat,with  remains  of  old  castle, 
in  Bafford  parish,  Elginshire. 

BLINKBONNY,  section  of  Slamannan 
village,  in  Slamannan  parish,  Stirling- 
shire.   Pop.  255. 

BLINKBONNY,  hill  in  Nenthorn  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

BLOODY,  bay,  where  was  a  sea  fight  in 
1480, near  Tobermory,  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

BLOODY,  creek  at  south  end  of  Iona 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

BLOOMHILL,  seat  in  Cardross  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

BLUE-MULL,  or  BLUMEL,  sound  between 
Yell  and  Unst  Islands,  Shetland. 

BLUE-ROW,  hamlet  in  New  Kilpatrick 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

BLUEVALE,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  north- 
east of  Glasgow.    Pop.  3635. 

BLYTHE  BRIDGE,  place,  3  miles  from 
Dolphinton,  with  post  office  under  that 
village,  Lanarkshire. 

BLYTHSWOOD,  seat  on  peninsula  be- 
tween the  Clyde  and  the  Cart,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

BLYTHSWOOD,  quoad  sacra  parish  and 
registration  district,  with  square,  about  ^ 
mile  west  of  Royal  Exchange,  Glasgow.  Pop. 
of  the  parish,  5950  :  of  the  district,  30,463. 

BOARHILLS,  village  on  the  coast,  4 
miles  east-south-east  of  St.  Andrews, 
Fife.  It  has  a  post  office  under  St. 
Andrews. 

BOATGREEN,  harbour  of  Gatehouse, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BOATH,  place  in  Alness  parish,  Ross- 
shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
43  scholars. 

BOATH,  seat  of  Sir  James  A.  Dunbar, 
Bart.,  near  Auldearn,  Nairnshire. 

BOATH,  hill  in  Carmylie  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

BOAT  OF  BRIDGE,  place  on  the  Spey, 
in  Boharm  parish,  Banffshire. 

BOAT  OF  GARTEN,  place,  16f  miles 
north-north-east  of  Kingussie,  Inverness- 
shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Carr 
Bridge,  and  a  railway  station. 


BOA 


5 


1 


BON 


BOAT  OF  INCH,  place,  with  railway- 
station,  5j£  miles  north-east  of  Kingussie, 
Inverness-shire. 

BOCHASTLE,  ridge,  about  300  feet  high, 
in  western  vicinity  of  Callander,  Perth- 
shire. It  has  remains  of  an  ancient 
Caledonian  fort,  and  it  was  assumed  by 
.Sir  Walter  Scott  to  be  the  site  of  a  Roman 
camp. 

BOCHLE,  high  hill,  bisecting  Glenlivet 
Valley, ,  Banffshire. 

BODDAM,  fishing  town,  3  miles  south 
of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Peterhead,  a  chapel-of- 
ease,  and  a  public  school  with  about  280 
scholars.  Pop.  1117.  Boddam  Castle,  on 
a  neighbouring  headland,  adjacent  to 
Buchanness,  is  a  ruined  strong  seat  of  the 
Earls  Marischal. 

BODOTRIA,  Firth  of  Forth,  as  known  to 
the  Romans. 

BODSBECK,  farm,  the  scene  of  Hogg's 
'  Brownie  of  Bodsbeck,'  about  4  miles 
east-north-east  of  Moffat,  Dumfriesshire. 

BOGANY,  headland  flanking  east  side 
of  Rothesay  Bay,  Buteshire. 

BOGBRAE,  place  in  Cruden  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  149  scholars. 

BOGHALL,  quondam  strong  castle  of  the 
Earls  of  Wigton,  near  Biggar,  Lanarkshire. 

BOGHEAD,  village  in  Lesmahagow 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

BOGHEAD,  seat  near  Bathgate,  Linlith- 
gowshire. 

BOGHOUSE,  quondam  castle  in  Craw- 
fordjohn  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

BOGIE,  small  river,  running  about  14 
miles  northward  to  the  Deveron,  in 
north-west  of  Aberdeenshire. 

BOGIE,  seat  near  Kirkcaldy,  Fife. 

BOGMUCHALS,  place  in  Fordyce  parish, 
Banffshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  49  scholars. 

BOG  OF  GIGHT,  original  form  of  Gordon 
Castle,  Bellie  parish,  Banffshire. 

BOGRIE,  old  tower,  often  a  refuge  of 
the  Covenanters,  in  Dunscore  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.  " 

BOGROY,  place,  7  miles  from  Inver- 
ness. It  has  a  post  office  under  Inver- 
ness. 

BOGSIDE,  station  on  Stirling  and  Dun- 
fermline Railway,  6  miles  east  of  Alloa. 

BOGTON,  lake,  on  the  Doon,  in  Dal- 
mellington  parish,  Ayrshire. 

BOHALLY,  place,  3  miles  from  Pit- 
lochrie,  with  post  office  under  that  village, 
Perthshire. 

BOHARM,  parish  in  Banffshire  and 
Elginshire,  averagely  6  miles  north-east  of 
Abcrlour.  Its  post  town  is  Keith.  Its 
length  is  about  13  miles;  its  breadth 
about  9  miles ;  its  area,  8906  acres  in 
Banffshire,  and  7835  in  Elginshire.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £4493  and  £3102. 
Pop.  543  and  623.  The  Spey  bounds 
the  west,  and  the  Fiddich  bounds  the 
south  and  south-west.  Benagen  Mountain 
occupies  much  of  the  area ;  and  a  curved 


valley,  overhung  by  that  mountain,  and 
ascending  to  about  400  feet  above  sea- 
level,  comprises  most  of  the  arable  land. 
The  seats  are  Arndilly  and  Auchlunkart ; 
and  the  chief  antiquity  is  Bucharin  Castle. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  Free. 
There  are  4  schools  for  272  scholars,  and 
1  of  them,  for  80,  is  new. 

BOHESPICK,  tract  on  the  Tummel,  in 
Blair- Athole  parish,  Perthshire. 

BOINDIE.    See  Boyndie. 

BOISDALE,  sea-loch  on  east  side  of 
South  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

BOLD,  burn,  running  to  the  Tweed,  in 
Traquair  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

BOLESKINE,  parish,  containing  Fort- 
Augustus  and  Balfrischel  villages,  in 
Inverness-shire.  Its  length  is  about  21 
miles ;  its  mean  breadth  about  10  miles. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,874.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1388 ;  quoad  sacra,  1314. 
The  limits  include  parts  of  the  Great 
Glen,  Stratherrick,  Corryarrick,  and  the 
Monadhleadh  Mountains,  numerous  lakes, 
the  Fall  of  Foyers,  and  part  of  both  shores 
of  Loch  Ness.  A  chief  residence  is 
Boleskine  House,  and  chief  antiquities 
are  vitrified  forts.  The  parochial  church 
contains  428  sittings,  and  other  churches 
are  in  Fort-Augustus.  The  public  school 
has  about  84  scholars. 

BOLFRACKS,  detached  tract  of  Fortingal 
parish,  with  Bolfracks  House,  3^  miles 
east  of  Taymouth  Castle,  Perthshire. 

BOLSA,  headland  in  north-west  of 
Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

BOLSHAN,  estate,  with  site  of  ancient 
castle,  in  Kinnell  parish,  Forfarshire. 

BOLTON,  parish,  with  church,  2f  miles 
south-by -west  of  Haddington.  Post  town, 
Haddington.  Acres,  3106.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £4339.  Pop.  337.  The 
surface  is  pleasantly  undulated,  and  all 
arable.  The  churches  are  Bolton  paro- 
chial, and  Bolton  and  Salton  Free.  The 
public  school  has  accommodation  for  67 
scholars. 

BOMBIE,  ruined  ancient  castle  in 
Kirkcudbright  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BONA,  ancient  parish,  now  united  to 
that  of  Inverness. 

BON  -  ACCORD,  Aberdeen,  fancifully 
called  so  in  allusion  to  its  ancient  wat- 
ery. 

BONALLY,  seat  in  Colinton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

BONAR,  or  BONAR  BRIDGE,  village  on 
strait  of  Dornoch  Firth,  south  verge  of 
Sutherland,  13f  miles  west-north-west  of 
Tain.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Ardgay, 
a  railway  station,  a  banking  office,  an  inn, 
and  a  strong  costly  bridge  of  1812.  Pop.  313. 

BONAW.    See  Bunawe. 

BONCASTLE,  moundish  site  of  ancient 
outpost  of  Douglas  Castle,  Douglas  parish, 

BONCHESTER,  verdant  lofty  hill,  with 
remains  of  apparently  Roman  works,  in 
Hobkirk  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

BONCHESTER  BRIDGE,  hamlet  adjacent 


BON 


5: 


,2 


BOR 


to  Bonchester,  Roxburghshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Hawick. 

BONERBO,  place  in  Carnbee  parish, 
Fife.  It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
60  scholars. 

BO'NESS.    See  Bokrowstownness. 

BONESSAN,  village  at  head  of  Loch 
Laich,  near  south-western  extremity  of 
Mull  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Oban,  an  Established 
church  with  350  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  110  scholars.    Pop.  214. 

BONGATE,  village  in  Jedburgh  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

BONHARD,  seat  in  Carriden  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

BONHARD,  seat  in  Scone  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

BONHILL,  town  and  parish  in  Dum- 
bartonshire. The  town  is  practically  con- 
joint with  Alexandria,  divided  from  it 
only  by  the  river  Leven ;  dates  from 
ancient  times,  but  is  a  seat  and  centre  of 
modern  industries  ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under 
Dumbarton,  a  banking  office,  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  a 
public  school  with  about  379  scholars,  and 
waterworks  projected  in  1880.  Pop.  2940. 
—The  parish  contains  also  the  towns  of 
Alexandria  and  Jamestown,  and  the 
villages  of  Balloch,  Dalvault,  and  Mill  of 
Halden,  and  it  comprises  the  upper  half 
of  the  Vale  of  Leven,  and  extends  about 
3  miles  across  the  foot  of  Loch  Lomond. 
Acres,  8373.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£42,363.  Pop.,  quoad civilia,  12,524 ;  quoad 
sacra,  2983.  The  surface  abounds  in 
both  natural  beauty  and  artificial  embel- 
lishment. 9  large  print  works  are 
within  its  vale ;  and  Tillichewan  Castle, 
Bonhill  Place,  Levenfield,  Bromley,  Bal- 
loch Castle,  Cameron  House,  Belretiro, 
Arden,  and  other  mansions  are  chief 
residences.  Churches  are  in  Alexandria 
and  Jamestown.  There  are  2  public 
schools  for  1481  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  967  are  new. 

BON  JEDWARD,  village  on  site  of  Roman 
station,  2  miles  north  of  Jedburgh,  Rox- 
burghshire. Bonjedward  House,  in  its 
vicinity,  belongs  to  the  Marquis  of 
Lothian. 

BONKLE,  village  in  central  part  of 
Cambusnethan  parish,  Lanarkshire.  It 
has  a  United  Presbyterian  church. 

BONNETHILL,  eastern  suburb  of  Dun- 
dee.   It  has  a  Free  church. 

BONNINGTON,  suburb  on  Water  of  Leith, 
about  a  mile  north  of  Edinburgh.  It  is 
chiefly  modern,  and  well  edificed  ;  and  it 
has  a  railway  station,  a  handsome  United 
Presbyterian  church  of  1880,  and  a  large 
public  school. 

BONNINGTON.  village  and  seat  in  Ratho 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

BONNINGTON,  hamlet  in  Arbirlot parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  58  scholars- 


BONNINGTON,  seat  and  water-fall  on 
the  Clyde,  in  Lanarkshire.  The  seat  is  in 
south-eastern  vicinity  of  Lanark,  belongs 
to  Sir  Charles  W.  F.  A.  Ross,  Bart.,  and 
has  fine  grounds,  through  which  the  fall 
is  approached  from  Lanark.  The  fall  is 
the  uppermost  of  the  Falls  of  Clyde,  and 
forms  a  sheer  leap  of  30  feet,  split  by  a 
projecting  rock. 

BONNY,  rivulet  entering  the  Carron  3 
miles  west  of  Falkirk,  Stirlingshire. 

BONNYBRIDGE,  town  on  Bonny 
rivulet,  4  miles  west  of  Falkirk.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Denny,  a  quoad  sacra 
parish  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  255  scholars.  Pop.  of  town,  1782 ; 
of  quoad  sacra  parish,  1940. 

BONNYMOOR,  tract  noted  for  a  skirmish 
in  1820  between  Radicals  and  Royal  troops, 
about  a  mile  south  of  Bonnybridge. 

BONNYRIGG,  town,  2  miles  south-west 
of  Dalkeith,  Edinburghshire.  It  was 
formerly  a  collier  village,  but  is  now  a 
genteel  summer  resort ;  and  it  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  department,  under 
Lasswade,  a  railway  station,  a  banking 
office,  a  volunteer  hall,  a  bowling-green, 
recently  formed  waterworks,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
152  scholars.    Pop.  2425. 

BONNYTON,  suburb  of  Kilmarnock, 
Ayrshire. 

BONNYTOWN,  part  of  Old  Montrose 
estate,  with  vestige  of  ancient  castle  in 
Mary  ton  parish,  Forfarshire. 

BONSHAW,  old  tower  near  Kirtlebridge, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BONSKEID,  seat  amid  rich  wild  scenery, 
largely  covered  with  natural  beechwood, 
about  4^  miles  north-west  of  Pitlochrie, 
Perthshire. 

BOON,  round,  massive  hill,  1070  feet 
high,  in  Legerwood  parish,  Berwickshire. 

BOON-DREICH,  small  affluent  of  the 
Leader,  near  Lauder,  Berwickshire. 

BOQUHAN,  seat  and  glen  near  Gargun- 
nock,  Stirlingshire.  The  glen  somewhat 
resembles  the  Trossachs. 

BORA,  pastoral  islet  in  Rendall  parish, 
Orkney. 

BORELAND,  collier  village,  about  | 
mile  south-east  of  Gallatown,  Fife.  It 
has  a  public  school  with  about  68  scholars. 

BORELAND,  seat  in  Hutton  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BORELAND  PARK,  village  in  Auch- 
terarder  parish,  Perthshire. 

BORENNICH,  section  of  Blair-Athole 
parish,  on  the  Tummel,  Perthshire. 

BORERAY,  islet  near  St.  Kilda,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

BORESTON,  village  in  Dairy  parish, 
Ayrshire.    Pop.  401. 

BORGIE,  rivulet  running  from  Loch 
Loyal  to  Torrisdale  Bay,  Sutherland. 

BORGUE,  village  and  parish  on  sea- 
board of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  village 
stands  4^  miles  south-west  of  Kirkcud- 
bright, and  has  a  post  office  under  Kirk- 
cudbright,   a    conspicuous  Established 


BOR 


53 


BOR 


church,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  178  scholars. — The 
parish  contains  also  Kirkandrews  and 
Chapelton  villages,  includes  Ardwell  and 
Little  Ross  Islands,  and  is  10  miles  long 
and  7  miles  broad.  Acres,  13,531.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £13,997.  Pop.  1129. 
The  coast  extends  3^  miles  along  Kirk- 
cudbright Bay  and  5^  miles  along  Sol- 
way  Firth,  and  is  considerably  indented, 
and  partly  rocky  and  precipitous.  The 
interior  is  mainly  an  intermixture  of  very 
numerous  ancient  lake  bottoms,  with  great 
variety  of  rising  grounds  and  little  hills. 
Earlston,  the  seat  of  Sir  "William  Gordon, 
Bart.,  is  the  chief  residence,  and  Plumton 
Castle  and  Balmangan  Tower  are  chief 
antiquities. 

BORLEY,  small  lake  in  Durness  parish, 
Sutherland. 

BOROUGHHEAD,  promontory  at  east 
side  of  mouth  of  Luce  Bay,  Wigtonshire. 

BOROUGHMOOR,  quondam  extensive 
common,  now  partly  edificed  with  hand- 
some suburbs,  adjacent  to  south  side  of 
Edinburgh. 

BORROBOL,  railway  station  between 
Kildonan  and  Kinbrace,  Sutherland. 

BORROLAN,  lake,  7  miles  south  of 
Assynt  church,  in  Sutherland. 

BORROWDALE,  seat  on  Loch-na-Nuah, 
south-west  coast  of  Inverness-shire. 

BORROWSTOWN,  coast  hamlet,  near 
caves  and  natural  arch,  6  miles  west  of 
Thurso.  Caithness. 

BORROWSTOWN,  village  in  Borrows- 
townness  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

BORROWSTOWNNESS,  or  BO'NESS, 
town  and  parish  on  north-west  border  of 
LinHthgowshire.  The  town  stands  on 
the  Forth,  3  miles  north  of  Linlithgow  ; 
connects,  by  branch  line,  with  the  Scottish 
railway  systems  ;  is  ahead  port,  and  a  seat  of 
manufacture ;  stands  on  peninsular  ground, 
very  slightly  elevated  above  high-water 
level ;  consists  chiefly  of  narrow  streets, 
and  presents  a  murky  appearance  ;  has 
a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
2  banking  offices,  a  public  hall  of  1878, 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  365  scholars  ;  publishes  a 
weekly  newspaper,  and  conducts  much 
business  in  connection  with  coal-mining, 
iron-working,  shipbuilding,  and  other 
industries.  The  harbour  formerly  com- 
prised^ only  a  basin  240  feet  broad  and  2 
piers  566  feet  long,  with  maximum  water- 
depth  of  20  feet  at  spring  tides.  New 
harbour  works,  preliminary  to  the  for- 
mation of  a  great  wet  dock,  and  comprising 
seaward  extension  of  the  old  piers,  were 
constructed  in  187S-79  at  a  cost  of  about 
£30,000.  The  new  dock  was  begun  to  be 
formed  in  October  1879  ;  is  situated  en- 
tirely on  land  reclaimed  from  the  sea 
below  high-water  line  ;  has  an  outside 
barrier  3000  feet  long,  serving  as  a  wharf 
for  small  vessels  ;  comprises  7^  acres  of 
dock  water,  about  5  acres  of  timber  pond, 


and  about  17^  acres  of  other  area ;  has  a 
depth  of  23  feet  on  the  sill  at  high-water  ; 
was  estimated  to  cost  £181,750,  and  was 
opened  in  September  1881.  The  arrivals  in 
1879  were  746  British  vessels,  of  67,007  tons, 
and  1445  foreign  vessels,  of  183,223  tons  ; 
the  departures,  749  British  vessels,  of 
67,856  tons,  and  1432  foreign  vessels,  of 
176,570  tons.  Pop.  of  the  town,  5241. 
— The  parish  includes  also  Newtown  and 
Kinneil  villages,  but  excludes  Grange- 
pans  suburb.  Area,  3141  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £24,073.  Pop. 
6088.  A  hill  520  feet  high  is  in  the 
extreme  south-east,  and  commands  a  very 
fine  view.  The  surface  slopes  thence  to 
the  west  and  the  north,  but  forms  a  steep 
bank  at  various  distances  from  the  shore, 
and  includes  a  low,  fiat,  alluvial  tract  in 
the  north-west.  The  soil  is  mostly  a  deep 
rich  loam.  The  rocks  are  carboniferous, 
and  abound  in  coal  and  ironstone.  Kin- 
neil House,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Hamilton, 
is  the  chief  residence.  Antoninus'  Wall 
traversed  the  parish,  and  had  a  station  on 
its  west  border.  There  are  6  schools  for 
742  scholars,  and  3  of  them  and  an  en- 
largement for  494  are  new. 

BORTHWICK,  hamlet,  castle,  and  parish 
in  east  of  Edinburghshire.  The  hamlet 
lies  near  Fushiebridge  railway  station, 
13|  miles  south-east  of  Edinburgh,  and 
has  a  steepled  parochial  church  of  1865, 
and  2  public  schools  with  about  168 
scholars. — The  castle  stands  adjacent  to 
the  hamlet ;  is  a  quadrangular  baronial 
tower  of  the  15th  century,  the  largest 
in  Scotland,  and  in  good  preservation; 
was  the  retreat  of  Queen  Mary  and 
the  Earl  of  Bothwell  during  four  days 
of  peril  after  marriage,  and  sustained  a 
siege  with  some  injury  by  Cromwell. — The 
parish  contains  also  9  other  hamlets,  and 
part  of  the  villages  of  Gorebridge,  Ford, 
and  Stobb's  Mills.  Its  length  is  nearly  6 
miles,  its  breadth  about  4  miles,  its  area 
9806  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£16,529.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1741 ;  quoad 
sacra,  1374.  The  surface  commences  at  a 
watershed  of  the  Moorfoot  Hills  ;  extends 
northward  to  the  border  of  the  great 
Lothian  plain,  and  exhibits  diversity  of 
hill  and  vale.  Coal  and  limestone  abound, 
and  are  largely  worked.  The  seats  are 
Arniston,  Middleton,  Vogrie,  Currie,  and 
Harvieston,  and  the  antiquities  are  Borth- 
wick  Castle,  Catcune  Castle,  and  the  old 
parochial  church. 

BORTHWICK,  rivulet,  running  about  13 
miles  north-eastward  and  eastward  to  the 
Teviot,  at  2  miles  south-west  of  Hawick, 
Roxburghshire. 

BORTHWICKBRAE,  seat  in  Roberton 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

BORTHWICKSHIELS,  seat  in  Roberton 
parish .  Roxburghshire. 

BORVE,  rivulet,  running  to  the  sea,  in 
Barvas  parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

BORVE,  ruined  ancient  castle  on  west 
side  of  Benbecula  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 


BOS 


54 


BOV 


BOSTON,  church  in  Dunse,  Berwickshire. 

BOSWELLS  (ST.),  village  and  parish 
on  north  border  of  Roxburghshire.  The 
village  is  commonly  called  Lessudden ; 
succeeded  an  ancient  village  of  St. 
Boswells  about  f  mile  to  the  south,  dating 
from  the  Culdee  times,  possessing  16 
strong  bastile  houses  in  the  feudal  times, 
and  destroyed  by  the  English  in  1544 ; 
stands  near  the  Tweed,  4  miles  south- 
east of  Melrose ;  adjoins  a  large  common, 
flanked  by  a  hunting  establishment  of  the 
Duke  of  Buccleuch,  and  used  for  a  famous 
annual  sheep  and  cattle  fair,  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  2  good  inns, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  140  scholars. 
Pop.  438.  The  parish  comprises  3155 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,395. 
Pop.  959.  The  surface,  though  overhung 
by  the  Eildon  Hills,  is  nearly  all  low,  and 
either  flat  or  undulating.  The  seats  are 
Lessudden  House,  Elliston,  Benrig,  Max- 
poffle,  and  St.  Boswell's  Bank. 

BOTHKENNAR,  parish,  containing  Skin- 
flats  village,  part  of  Grangemouth  town, 
and  parts  of  Carronshore  and  Kinnaird 
villages,  in  Carse  district,  Stirlingshire. 
Post  town,  Falkirk.  Acres,  1774.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £18,157.  Pop.  3210. 
The  surface  is  a  dead  flat,  all  rich  alluvium. 
The  public  school  has  about  269  scholars. 

BOTHWELL,  town,  park,  and  parish  in 
middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  town 
stands  amid  delightful  environs,  2|  miles 
north-west  of  Hamilton ;  is  a  favourite 
summer  resort  of  wealthy  Glasgow  citizens ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  all  departments, 
under  Hamilton,  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  a  hotel,  a  water  scheme 
which  ,  cost  £35,335  up  to  April  1880,  a 
towered  parochial  church  of  1833,  the 
choir  of  an  ancient  collegiate  church 
adjoining  the  parochial  one,  Free  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  165  scholars. 
Pop.  1520. — The  park  lies  adjacent  to  the 
town,  extends  far  to  the  north-west, 
belongs  to  the  Earl  of  Home,  and  contains 
his  mansion  of  Bothwell  Hall,  and  the 
large  imposing  ruin  of  Bothwell  Castle, 
once  held  by  Sir  "William  "Wallace,  and 
figuring  greatly  for  ages  as  both  a  palatial 
residence  and  a  military  strength. — The 
parish  contains  also  Bellshill,  Holytown, 
Carnbroe,  Carfin,  Chapelhall,  Mossend, 
Nackerton,  Newarthill,  and  Uddingston, 
and  parts  of  Calderbank  and  Cleland. 
Its  length  is  about  8J  miles  ;  its  breadth 
about  4  miles ;  its  area,  13,644  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £127,942.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  25,466  ;  quoad  sacra,  7597. 
Bothwell  Bridge,  the  scene  of  the  crushing 
defeat  of  the  Covenanters  in  1679,  spans 
the  Clyde  about  \  mile  south-south-east 
of  Bothwell  town,  but  was  widened  and 
greatly  altered  in  1826  and  1871.  The 
Clyde  meanders  about  4^  miles  along  the 
south-western  boundary,  beneath  diversi- 


fied beautiful  banks,  celebrated  in  ancient 
song.  The  land,  for  the  most  part, 
undulates,  and  rises  thence  toward  the 
north-east,  and  includes  there  a  plateau 
averagely  about  300  feet  high,  with  culmi- 
nating height  of  about  680  feet.  Coal, 
ironstone,  and  sandstone  abound,  and  are 
extensively  worked.  Woodhall,  Cleland, 
Carfin,  Carnbroe,  St.  Enoch's  Hall,  and 
Douglas  Park  are  chief  residences.  There 
are  20  schools  for  3795  scholars,  and  6 
of  them  and  enlargements  for  1610  are 
new. 

BOTHWELL,  small  affluent  of  the  Whit- 
adder,  at  boundary  between  Haddington- 
shire and  Berwickshire. 

BOTHWELL  AND  HAMILTON  RAIL- 
WAY. This  was  authorized  in  1874,  on  a 
capital  of  £500,000  ;  and  it  comprises  a 
main  line,  a  sub-main  line,  and  a  multipli- 
city of  branches.  The  main  line  strikes 
from  the  North  British  at  Shettleston, 
goes  south-eastward,  past  Uddingston, 
Bothwell,  and  Greenfield,  to  Hamilton, 
and  was  in  operation  in  1877.  The  sub- 
main  line  strikes  from  the  main  line  about 
400  yards  north  of  Bothwell  station  ;  goes 
north-eastward,  past  Bellshill  and  across 
Rosehall  estate,  to  the  North  British  at 
Whifflet ;  and  was  opened  in  May  1879. 
The  numerous  branches  traverse  the 
principal  intervening  mineral  tracts,  and 
serve  largely  for  transport  of  coal. 

BOTHWELL  BRANCH  RAILWAY.  This 
belongs  to  the  Caledonian  system,  goes 
from  Falside  Junction  to  Bothwell,  is 
about  \\  mile  long,  and  was  opened  in 
March  1877. 

BOTHWELLHAUGH,  quondam  seat  about 
a  mile  east  of  Bothwell  Bridge,  Bothwell 
parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  belonged  to  James 
Hamilton,  who  shot  the  Regent  Moray. 

BOTRIPHNIE,  parish,  averagely  6 
miles  south-west  of  Keith,  Banffshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Keith.  It  measures 
about  4£  miles  by  3,  and  comprises  9459 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4571. 
Pop.  696.  The  greater  part  is  a  beauti- 
ful strath,  traversed  by  the  Isla,  and 
flanked  by  two  hills.  The  only  seat  is 
Botriphnie  House.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free.  The  public  school 
has  accommodation  for  127  scholars. 

BOURJO,  very  large  ancient  tumulus, 
on  Eildon  Hills,  Roxburghshire. 

BOURTIE,  parish,  a  little  south  of  Old 
Meldrum,  Aberdeenshire.  Post  town, 
Old  Meldrum.  It  is  5  miles  long,  and 
comprises  5693  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £5796.  Pop.  463.  The  surface 
is  mainly  a  low  tract  about  a  mile  broad, 
flanked  by  considerably  high  hills.  The 
antiquities  include  two  ancient  Caledonian 
stone  circles,  and  remains  of  a  remarkable 
old  fortification,  misnamed  Comyn'sCamp. 
The  public  school  has  about  49  scholars. 

BOUSTA,  hamlet  in  Dunrossness  parish, 
Shetland. 

BOVERAY,  island  in  North  Uist  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  137. 


BOW 


5. 


1 5 


BRA 


BOW,  coast  cave  in  Fordyce  parish, 
Banffshire. 

BOWBEAT,  summit  of  Moorfoot  Hills, 
2049  feet  high,  in  Temple  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

BOWDEN,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
west of  Roxburghshire.  The  village  stands 
3  miles  south  of  Melrose,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Newton  St.  Boswells,  an 
ancient  cross,  a  beautiful  fountain,  a 
partly  ancient  parochial  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  92  scholars. 
The  parish  contains  Midlem  village,  and 
is  about  6  miles  long,  and  4^  miles  broad. 
Acres,  7667.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£9147.  Pop.  769.  The  surface  includes 
about  one-half  of  the  Eildon  Hills,  and 
descends  thence  in  a  series  of  alternate 
parallel  ridges  and  vales  to  Ale  river. 
The  seats  are  Cavers  Carre,  Linthill,  and 
Kippilaw ;  and  the  antiquities  are  vestiges 
of  ancient  camps,  remains  of  an  ancient 
military  road,  and  the  site  of  the  strong  noble 
f  ortalice  of  Holydean.  There  are  3  schools, 
with  accommodation  for  247  scholars. 

BOWDEN,  hill,  with  traces  of  ancient 
camp,  in  Torphichen  parish,  Linlithgow- 
shire. 

BOWER,  parish,  with  railway  station, 
llj  miles  west-north-west  of  Wick,  Caith- 
ness. It  has  a  post  office  under  Halkirk. 
Its  length  is  7  miles,  its  breadth  4  miles. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £9113.  Pop. 
1608.  Two  eminences  and  two  lakes 
diversify  the  surface ;  and  one  of  the 
former  is  crowned  by  a  Scandinavian  rude 
round  tower,  and  commands  an  extensive 
view.  The  churches  are  Established  and 
Free.  There  are  4  schools  for  399  scholars, 
and  3  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for 
335  are  new. 

BOWER,  vestige  of  ancient  royal  hunt- 
ing-seat on  the  Clyde,  in  Lamington  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

BOWERHOPE,  mountain  in  Yarrow 
parish,  Selkirkshire. 

BOWERHOUSES,  seat  in  Spott  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

BO WERMADDEN,  e  state  in  Bower  parish, 
Caithness. 

BOWHILL,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Buccleuch,  on  the  Yarrow,  3  miles  west 
of  Selkirk. 

BOWHOUSE,  railway  station,  %\  miles 
south-west  of  Borrowstownness. 

BOWLAND,  seat  in  Stow  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

BOWLAND  BRIDGE,  railway  station,  3 
miles  south -south-east  of  Stow  village, 
Edinburghshire. 

BOWLING,  or  BOWLING  BAY,  village  on 
the  Clyde,  at  exit  of  Forth  and  Clyde 
Canal,  3^  miles  east-south-east  of  Dum- 
barton. It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Glasgow,  a  railway  station,  a  hotel, 
wharves,  a  shipbuilding  yard,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  121  scholars. 
Pop.  687. 

BOWMONT.    See  Blaumont. 


BOWMORE,  seaport  village,  near  head 
of  Lochindaal,  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 
It  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Greenock, 
a  large  distillery,  a  Free  church,  a  Baptist 
chapel,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
182  scholars.    Pop.  823. 

BOW  OF  FIFE,  place,  about  a  mile  from 
Cupar,  Fife.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Cupar. 

BOWRIEFAULD,  village  in  Dunnichen 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

BOYNDIE,  seaside  parish,  contiguous 
to  Banff  parish,  Banffshire.  It  contains 
Whitehills  village,  with  post  office  under 
Banff,  and  is  about  7  miles  long,  and 
nearly  3  miles  broad.  Acres,  6945.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £8117.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  2004 ;  quoad  sacra,  1801.  The 
coast  is  chiefly  rocky  ;  and  the  interior  is 
partly  a  fine  valley  traversed  by  Boyndie 
rivulet  to  the  sea,  and  partly  flat  low 
plateau.  Chief  objects  are  Boyne  Castle, 
and  3  ancient  Caledonian  stone  circles. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  Free  ; 
and  there  are  2  new  public  schools  for  280 
scholars. 

BOYNDLIE,  seat  in  Tyrie  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

BOYNE,  rivulet  and  old  castle  in  north 
of  Banffshire.  The  rivulet  runs  about  8 
miles  to  the  sea,  at  4f  miles  west  of  Banff ; 
and  the  castle  crowns  a  crag  near  the 
rivulet's  mouth,  was  once  a  noble  seat, 
and  is  now  a  tolerably  well-preserved 
ruin. 

BOYSACK,  hamlet  in  Inverkeilor  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BRAAL,  large,  strong,  ancient  castle  in 
Halkirk  parish,  Caithness. 

BRAAMBURY,  headland,  near  Brora, 
Sutherland. 

BRAAN.    See  Bran. 

BRABLOCH,  seat  near  Paisley,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

BRABSTER,  seat  in  Canisbay  parish, 
Caithness. 

BRABSTERDORRAN,  estate  in  Bower 
parish,  Caithness. 

BRACADALE,  parish  in  south-west 
of  Skye,  Inverness-shire.  It  contains 
Struan  hamlet,  with  post  office  under 
Portree ;  includes  Minginish  district, 
and  Soay  and  Wiay  Islands,  and  is  about 
20  miles  long  and  8  miles  broad.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £6734.  Pop.  929. 
The  coast  is  partly  flat,  but  mostly  high 
and  rocky,  and  is  cut  by  Lochs  Bracadale, 
Eynort,  Brittle,  and  Scavaig.  Loch  Braca- 
dale extends  1%  miles  north-eastward, 
with  mean  breadth  of  about  4  miles,  has 
numerous  islets,  bays,  and  offsets,  and  is 
flanked  on  much  of  its  south-east  side  by 
mural  cavernous  cliffs,  terminating  in  the 
bold  lofty  headland  of  Taliskar .  The  interior 
includes  part  of  Cuchullin  Mountains,  and 
is  elsewhere  a  diversity  of  hill  and  vale. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  Free, 
and  there  are  4  new  public  schools  for  182 
scholars. 


BRA 


56 


BRA 


BRACHMAIT,  place  in  Durris  parish, 
Kincardineshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  80  scholars. 

BRACHOLY,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
Petty,  Inverness-shire. 

BRACK,  small  lake  in  Balmaclellan 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BRACKLEY,  old  castle,  the  scene  of  a 
tragedy  in  1592,  near  Ballater,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

BRACKLIN,  cascade  of  50  feet,  in  chasm 
on  Keltie  rivulet,  near  Callander,  Perth- 
shire. 

BRACKMUIRHILL,  place  in  Dunnottar 
parish,  Kincardineshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  56  scholars. 

BRACKNESS.    See  Breckness. 

BRACO,  village,  Lj  mile  north  of  Green- 
loaning  railway  station,  Perthshire.  It 
stands  adjacent  to  the  celebrated  Roman 
camp  of  Arcloch,  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  a  hotel,  an  Estab- 
lished church,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public 
school.    Pop.  270. 

BRACO,  estate  and  burn  in  Grange 
parish,  Banffshire. 

BRACTULLO,  artificial  conical  mound, 
formerly  place  of  capital  punishment,  in 
Kirkden  parish,  Forfarshire. 

BRADAN,  lake,  7  miles  south-south-east 
of  Straiton,  Ayrshire. 

BRAE,  section  of  Kilmonivaig  parish, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  an  Established 
church,  served  by  a  minister  on  the  royal 
bounty. 

BRAE,  place,  with  post  office,  under 
Lerwick,  Shetland. 

BRAE-AMAT,  section  of  Kincardine 
parish  in  Cromartyshire,  surrounded  by 
Boss-shire. 

BRAE  -  DUNSTAN,  low  hill-ridge  in 
Eccles  parish,  Berwickshire. 

BRAE-GRUDIE,  place  in  Strathbrora, 
Sutherland. 

BRAEHEAD,  village  in  Carnwath  parish, 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  with  500  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  174  scholars.    Pop.  432. 

BRAEHEAD,  seat  in  Cramond  parish, 
E  dinbu  rghshire. 

BRAEHEAD,  or  KIRKWOOD  COLLIERY, 
village  in  Old  Monkland  parish,  Lanark- 
shire.   Pop.  667. 

BRAEHEADS,  seat  near  Larkhall, 
Lanarkshire. 

BRAEHEADS,  rising  ground  on  the 
Tweed,  at  St.  Boswells  village,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

BRAE-LYON,  mountains  on  north  side  of 
head  of  Glenlyon,  Perthshire. 

BRAEMAR,  village  and  old  parish  in 
extreme  south-west  of  Aberdeenshire. 
The  village  is  properly  Castletown,  and 
will  be  noticed  under  that  name,  but  it 
has  a  post  office  of  Braemar,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Aberdeen,  2  castles  of  Braemar,  new  and 
old,  and  a  public  school  of  Braemar  with 
about  61  scholars.  The  parish  is  now 
part  of  Crathie. 


BRAE-MORAY,  chief  part  of  Edinkillie 

parish,  Elginshire. 

BRAE-RIACH,  alpine  mountain,  4248 
!  feet  high,  one  of  the  Cairngorms,  Aber- 
]   deenshire  and  Inverness-shire. 

BRAE-ROY,  tract  in  Kilmonivaig  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

BRAES,  section  of  Gartly  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire and  Banffshire. 

BRAESIDE,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Fetlar  parish,  Shetland. 

BRAES  OF  ABERNETHY,  section  of 
Grampians  in  Abernethy  parish,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

BRAES  OF  ANGUS,  section  of  Grampians 
in  Forfarshire. 

BRAES  OF  AVON,  section  of  Grampians 
in  Kirkmichael  parish,  Banffshire. 

BRAES  OF  BALQUHIDDER,  section  of 
Grampians  in  Balquhidder  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

BRAES  OF  DOUNE,  broad-based  moun- 
tain-range, westward  from  upper  part  of 
Strathallan,  Perthshire. 

BRAES  OF  FORDOUN,  skirts  of  Gram- 
pians in  Fordoun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

BRAES  OF  GLENIFFER,  hill-range  about 
2  miles  south-west  of  Paisley,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

I  BRAES  OF  GLENLIVET,  mountain  group 
I  in  upper  part  of  Inveraven  parish,  Banff - 
!  shire. 

(      BRAES  OF  GLENORCHY,  alpine  moun- 
tains in  upper  part  of  Glenorchy  parish, 
i  Argyleshire. 

BRAES  OF  KILPATRICK,  section  of 
I   Lennox  Hills,  in  Old  Kilpatrick  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

BRAES  OF  LORN,  section  of  Kilninver 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

BRAES  OF  ORWELL,  section  of  Ochil 
Hills  in  Orwell  parish,  Kinross-shire. 

BRAES  OF  PETTY,  upland  of  Petty 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

BRAES  OF  PORTREE,  section  of  Portree 
parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

BRAGANESS,  headland  in  Sandsting 
parish,  Shetland. 

BRAGAR,  village  in Barvas  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  635. 

BRAGRUM,  hamlet  in  Methven  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BRAHAN,  castellated  seat,  formerly  of 
the  Earls  of  Seaforth,  in  Urray  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

BRAID,  hill-range,  with  fine  view,  in 
southern  vicinity  of  Edinburgh. 

BRAID,  small  sea-inlet  in  Wick  parish, 
|  Caithness. 

BRAIDWOOD,  village,  mansion,  and 
!  railway  station  in  Carluke  parish,  Lanark- 
|  shire.  The  village  has  a  public  school 
I  with  about  128  scholars.  Pop.,  with 
j   Harestanes  and  Thornhill,  616. 

BRAIGHEMOR,  bay  on  west  side  of 
Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

BRAINSFORD.    See  Bainsford. 
BRALLAIG,  lake  in  Kilninver  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

BRAN,  small  river,  running  about  14 


BRA 


57 


BRE 


miles  north-eastward  to  the  Tay,  opposite 
Dunkeld,  Perthshire.  It  makes,  in  its 
lowermost  reach,  a  leap  of  about  85  feet, 
and  a  long  tumultuous  cataract. 

BRANAULT,  hamlet  in  Ardnamurchan 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

BRANBURY,  hill,  with  fine  sandstone 
quarry,  in  Clyne  parish,  Sutherland. 

BRANDERBURGH.  section  of  Lossie- 
mouth town,  Elginshire.    Pop.  1888. 

BRANDIR,  pass  of  Awe,  Argyleshire. 
See  Awe. 

BRANDY,  lake  in  Clova  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

BRANXHOLM,  seat  on  the  Teviot,  3 
miles  south-west  of  Hawick,Roxburghshire. 
It  belongs  to  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch  ;  is 
now  a  modern-looking  mansion,  with  very 
strong  old  tower ;  was  formerly  a  great 
fortress,  and  figures  graphically  as  such 
in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Lay  of  the  Last 

BRANY,  head-stream  of  the  North  Esk, 
in  Lochlee  parish,  Forfarshire. 

BRAXFIELD,  seat  near  Lanark,  Lanark- 
shire. 

BRAXY,  hill,  684  feet  high,  5  miles 
south-west  of  Stonehaven,  Kincardine- 
shire. 

BREACACHA,  deserted,  tolerably  entire, 
very  ancient  castle,  in  Coll  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

BREADALBANE,  district  in  north-west 
of  Perthshire.  It  adjoins  Inverness-shire 
and  Argyleshire,  measures  about  33  miles 
by  31,  is  prevailingly  rugged  and  moun- 
tainous, and  consists  largely  of  masses  of 
the  Grampians,  and  it  gives  the  title  of 
earl  to  a  branch  of  the  family  of  Campbell. 

BREAKISH,  place  in  Strath  parish,  Isle 
of  Skye.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  52  scholars. 

BREASCLETE,  village;,  16  miles  west  of 
Stornoway,  Cuter  Hebrides.    Pop.  352. 

BRECHIN,  town,  mansion,  and  parish 
in  north-east  of  Forfarshire.  The  town 
stands  on  the  South  Esk,  at  terminus  of 
branch  railway,  19j  miles  north-east  of 
Forfar  ;  dates  from  the  Culdee  times,  and 
became  the  seat  of  a  diocese  ;  is  a  royal 
and  parliamentary  burgh,  uniting  with 
Forfar,  Arbroath,  Montrose,  and  Bervie 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ; 
comprises  a  main  street  about  a  mile 
long,  and  some  lesser  streets  ;  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  5  banking 
offices,  3  hotels,  a  town  hall  of  the  latter 
part  of  last  century,  a  public  hall  of  1838, 
a  public  library,  2  Established  churches, 
2  Free  churches,  3  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  an  Evangelical  Union  chapel, 
an  Episcopalian  church,  a  large  public 
school  of  1876,  5  other  public  schools, 
and  a  new  water  supply,  obtained  in  1874 
at  a  cost  of  £15,000  ;  publishes  a  weekly 
newspaper,  and  carries  on  extensive  manu- 
facture of  sail-cloth  and  brown  linen.  Its 
cathedral  was  founded  by  David  I.,  but 
never  completed  ;  measured  166  feet  by 
61,  was  partly  destroyed  at  the  Reforma- 


tion, and  the  nave  of  it  is  now  the  parish 
church.  A  steeple,  128  feet  high,  is  at 
its  north-west  corner,  and  a  round  tower, 
similar  to  the  round  tower  of  Abernethy 
and  the  round  towers  of  Ireland,  is 
adjacent  to  its  south-west  corner.  Ileal 
property  of  the  burgh  in  1880-81,  £26,517. 
Pop.  9031. — The  mansion,  Brechin  Castle, 
is  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Dalhousie  ;  stands 
on  a  rock  overhanging  the  South  Esk,  in 
western  vicinity  of  the  town  ;  and  occupies 
the  site  of  an  ancient  baronial  fortalice 
which  stoutly  resisted  Edward  I.  of  Eng- 
land.— The  parish  contains  also  the  villages 
of  Little  Brechin  and  Trinity  Moor,  and 
is  about  7  miles  long  and  6  miles  broad. 
Acres,  14,313.  Real  property  of  landward 
part  in  1880-81,  £20,854.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  10,499  :  quoad  sacra,  8827.  The 
surface  is  mostly  level,  but  includes  the 
eminence  of  Burghill,  and  is  overlooked 
at  short  distance  by  the  frontier  Grampians. 
The  seats,  besides  Brechin  Castle,  are 
Eskmount,  Keithock,  and  Ardovie.  There 
are  11  schools  for  1944  scholars,  and  3  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  980  are  new. 

BRECHIN  (EAST),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Brechin  parish,  Forfarshire.    Pop.  1672. 

BRECHIN  (LITTLE),  village  in  Brechin 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

BRECKEN,  hill  in  St.  Mungo  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BRECKNESS,  headland  and  mansion  at 
north  side  of  entrance  of  Hoy  Sound, 
Orkney.  The  mansion  was  erected  in 
1633  by  the  last  Bishop  of  Orkney. 

BRECKRY,  glen  and  rivulet  in  Southend 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

BRECON,  voe  or  bay  in  north  of  Yell 
Island,  Shetland. 

BRECONBEDS,  place  in  Annan  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  110  scholars. 

BREDA,  seat,  1\  miles  west  of  Alford, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BREDIELAND,  estate  in  Abbey  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

BREICH.    See  Briech. 

BRESSAY,  island,  sound,  and  parish  in 
south  of  Shetland.  The  island  lies 
between  Noss  and  Mainland,  opposite 
Lerwick,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Lerwick.  Its  length  is  6f  miles,  its 
breadth  mostly  between  2  and  3  miles. 
Its  coast  is  rocky,  partly  high  and  partly 
cavernous  ;  and  its  interior  is  tumulated, 
includes  aconicalhill  724feethigh,  and  con- 
tains a  conspicuous  ancient  standing  stone, 
and  some  vestiges  of  Scandinavian  build- 
ings. Pop.  847. — The  sound  divides  the 
island  from  Mainland ;  is  a  capacious,  well- 
sheltered,  natural  harbour,  and  serves  as  the 
harbour  of  Lerwick,  a  rendezvous  of  whale- 
ships,  and  a  great  centre  of  herring-fishery. 
— The  parish  contains  also  Noss,  Papa, 
Hevera,  Holm,  East  Burra,  and  "West 
Burra  islands,  and  the  Quarff  portion  ot 
Mainland.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£1880.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1768  ;  quoad 
sacra,  850.     The  churches  are  3  Estab- 


BRE 


58 


BRI 


lished,  and.  4  Dissenting.  There  are  6 
schools  for  337  scholars,  and  5  of  them  for 
270  are  new. 

BREWERY,  hamlet  in  Borthwick  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

BRIARACHAN,  head -stream  of  the 
Ardle,  Perthshire. 

BRIDEKIRK,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  south  of  Annandale,  Dumfries- 
shire. The  village  stands  on  Annan  river, 
3  miles  north-north  west  of  Annan  town, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Annan,  and  a 
three-arched  bridge.  Pop.  of  the  village, 
309  ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  702. 

BRIDESNESS,  headland  at  south-east  of 
North  Konaldshay  Island,  Orkney. 

BRIDGEGATE,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  adjacent 
to  north  side  of  Clyde,  Glasgow.  Pop. 
3119. 

BRIDGEND,  suburb  on  right  bank  of  the 
Leven,  adjacent  to  Dumbarton. 

BRIDGEND,  suburb  on  left  bank  of  the 
Tay,  adjacent  to  Perth. 

BRIDGEND,  suburb  on  right  bank  of  the 
Nith,  adjacent  to  Dumfries.  It  figures  in 
history  as  Bridgend,  but  is  now  called 
Maxwelltown,  which  see. 

BRIDGEND,  suburb  of  Dalkeith,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

BRIDGEND,  suburb  of  Crieff,  Perth- 
shire. 

BRIDGEND,  suburb  of  Ceres,  Fife. 

BRIDGEND,  hamlet  on  the  Tweed,  about 
a  mile  west  of  Melrose,  Roxburghshire. 
A  curious  ancient  bridge  here  was  sur- 
mounted by  a  castellated  gateway,  and 
figures  in  Sir  "Walter  Scott's  Monastery, 
but  has  disappeared. 

BRIDGEND,  hamlet  in  Lintrathen  par- 
ish, Forfarshire. 

BRIDGEND,  place  in  Euthven  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

BRIDGEND,  village  in  Kenmore  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BRIDGEND,  place  in  Kilbirnie  parish, 
Ayrshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  199  scholars. 

BRIDGEND,  part  of  Alness  town,  Ross- 
shire.    Pop.  942. 

BRIDGEND,  village  at  head  of  Lochin- 
daal,  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  under  Greenock. 

BRIDGEND,  village  near  Bathgate, 
Linlithgowshire.    Pop.  253. 

BRIDGEND,  hamlet  on  the  Clyde,  2 
miles  south-east  of  Lanark. 

BRIDGEND,  estate  in  Lochwinnoch  par- 
ish, Renfrewshire. 

BRIDGEND  (OLD),  village  in  Galston 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

BRIDGENESS,  village  in  Carriden  par- 
ish, Linlithgowshire.    Pop.  260. 

BRIDGE  OF  ALLAN,town  on  Allan  river, 
3  miles  north  of  Stirling.  It  ranks  high 
as  a  resort  of  invalids  and  convalescents, 
owes  its  celebrity  to  at  once  its  climate, 
its  structure,  its  environs,  its  views,  and 
its  vicinity  to  Airthrey  mineral  wells; 


looks,  as  seen  from  Stirling,  to  be  a  town 
of  villas ;  communicates  with  Stirling  by 
tramway  cars,  and  commands  wide  extent 
and  variety  of  charming  walks  and  drives;  1 
publishes  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
railway  station,  2  banking  offices,  4  hotels, 
a  hydropathic  establishment,  a  museum,  4 
handsome  modern  churches,  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and  Episcopa- 
lian, and  a  public  school  with  about  189 
scholars.  Pop.  at  the  census  of  1881, 
3005;  but  the  summer  visitors  are 
usually  from  30,000  to  40,000. 

BRIDGE  OF  ALVAH,  remarkable  bridge 
on  the  Deveron,  in  a  bold  chasm,  3  miles 
south  of  Banff. 

BRIDGE  OF  BRUAN,  place  in  Braes  of 
Abernethy,  Inverness-shire. 

BRIDGE  OF  BUCKET,  hamlet  in  Glen- 
bucket  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Aberdeen. 

BRIDGE  OF  CALLY,  place,  5  miles  north- 
west of  Blairgowrie,  Perthshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Blairgowrie. 

BRIDGE  OF  CANNY,  place  in  Banchory- 
Ternan  parish,  Kincardineshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Aberdeen. 

BRIDGE  OF  CAY,  place,  10  miles  south- 
west of  Grantown,  Elginshire. 

BRIDGE  OF  CREE.    See  Ceeebkidge. 

BRIDGE  OF  DEE,  village  on  the  Dee, 
2|  miles  south-west  of  Castle-Douglas, 
Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a  railway 
station. 

BRIDGE  OF  DEE,  place  on  the  Dee, 
suburban  to  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen. 

BRIDGE  OF  DON,  place  on  the  Don, 
suburban  to  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen,  and  a  public  school. 

BRIDGE  OF  DOUGLAS,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Glenaray  parish,  Argyleshire. 

BRIDGE  OF  DRIP,  bridge  on  the  Forth, 
2j  miles  west-north-west  of  Stirling. 

BRIDGE  OF  DULSIE,  place  on  Findhorn 
river,  10  miles  south-south-east  of  Nairn. 

BRIDGE  OF  DUN,  place,  4  miles  east  of 
Brechin,  Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Montrose,  and  a  railway  junction 
station. 

BRIDGE  OF  EARN,  village  on  river  Earn, 
4  miles  south-by-east  of  Perth.  It  is  a 
resort  of  invalids  and  convalescents  ;  owes 
its  attractions  to  climate,  environs, 
command  of  walks  and  drives,  and 
vicinity  to  Pitcaithly  wells ;  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
railway  station,  and  a  hotel.    Pop.  304. 

BRIDGE  OF  ETRISH,  place  on  Truim 
rivulet,  south  of  Dalwhinnie,  Inverness - 
shire. 

BRIDGE  OF  FEUGH,  bridge  on  cataract- 
ine  reach  of  Feugh  river,  south-west  of 
Banchory,  Kincardineshire. 

BRIDGE  OF  GAIRN,  place  in  Glenmuick 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen. 

BRIDGE  OF  GRUDIE,  place  near  south 
side  of  Loch  Maree,  Ross-shire. 


BRI 


59 


BRO 


BRIDGE  OF  MARNOCH,  place,  with  post 
office  under  Huntly,  Aberdeenshire. 

BRIDGE  OF  MUCHALLS,  place  in 
Fetteresso  parish,  Kincardineshire.  It 
has    a   public    school   with    about  68 

BRIDGE  OF  POTARCH,  place  on  the 
Dee,  11  mile  east-south-east  of  Kincardine 
0*Neil,  Aberdeenshire. 

BRIDGE  OF  ROY,  hamlet,  10  miles  north- 
east of  Fort-William,  Inverness-shire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Fort-William,  an 
inn,  and  a  public  school  with  about  75 
scholars. 

BRIDGE  OF  TEITH,  suburb  of  Doune, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  United  Presbyterian 
church. 

BRIDGE  OF  TILT,  village  at  mouth  of 
river  Tilt,  adjacent  to  a  railway  viaduct, 
near  Blair-Athole  railway  station,  Perth- 
shire. It  has  a  hotel,  and  an  Episcopalian 
church. 

BRIDGE  OF  TURK,  place,  7  miles  west 
of  Callander,  Perthshire.  It  figures  in 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Callander. 

BRIDGE  OF  URR,  village  in  Kirkpatrick- 
Durham  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BRIDGE  OF  WEIR,  town,  4f  miles  west- 
north-west  of  Paisley,  Eenfrewshire.  It  is 
a  seat  of  manufacture,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Paisley,  and  a  Free  church. 
Pop.  1267. 

BRIDGE  OF  WESTFIELD,  place,  with 
post  office  under  Thurso,  Caithness. 

BRIDGETON,  eastern  suburb  of  Glasgow. 
It  is  large  and  mostly  squalid,  includes  a 
public  pavilion  with  clock-tower  erected 
in  1875,  contains  a  number  of  factories, 
communicates  by  tramway  with  all  parts 
of  the  city,  and  has  a  quoad  sacra  parish 
church,  a  Free  church,  a  United  Original 
Secession  church,  and  a  large  public  school. 
Pop.  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  6383 ;  of  regis- 
tration district,  39,628. 

BRIDGETON,  village  in  Eedgorton  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BRIDGETON,  seat  and  hill  in  St.  Cyrus 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

BRIDIANOCH,  headland  in  west  of  Rum 
Island,  Inner  Hebrides. 

BRIECH,  rivulet  rising  in  Cambusnethan 
parish,  Lanarkshire,  running  3  miles 
eastwai-d  to  meeting  point  with  Linlith- 
gowshire and  Edinburghshire,  and 
proceeding  8  miles  north-eastward  along 
the  boundary  between  these  two  counties 
to  the  river  Almond. 

BRIECH,  railway  station,  near  Briech 
rivulet,  between  Fauldhouse  and  West 
Calder. 

BRIERBUSH,  village  in  Penpont  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BRIGHAM.    See  Birgham. 

BRIGHTON,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Cupar  parish,  Fife. 

BRIGIE,  hill,  575  feet  high,  near  Mull 
of  Galloway,  Wigtonshire. 

BRIG  0'  BALGOWNIE,  old  bridge  on  the 
Don,  near  Old  Aberdeen. 


BRIG  0'  TRAM,  feature  on  coast  of 
Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

BRIGTON,  seat  and  hill  in  Kinnettles 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

BRIMMOND,  hill,  859  feet  high,  7  miles 
west-by-north  of  Aberdeen. 

BRIMSNESS,  small  headland  in  Thurso 
parish,  Caithness. 

BRINDISTER,  voe  or  bay,  with  excellent 
anchorage,  in  Sandsting  parish,  Shetland. 

BRINDY,  part  of  lofty  hill -ridge,  divid- 
ing Garioch  district  from  Alford  Yale, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BRISBANE,  seat  and  glen  in  Largs 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

BRISHMEAL,  basaltic  hill,  with  grand 
view,  on  Bracaclale  coast,  Isle  of  Skye 

BRISTO,  old  suburb,  now  absorbed  in 
southern  part  of  Edinburgh. 

BRITTLE,  sea-loch  in  Minginish  district, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

BROAD  BAY,  sea-loch,  8  miles  long  and 
4  miles  broad,  in  Stornoway  parish, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

BROADCHAPEL,  seat  near  Lochmaben, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BROADFIELD,  seat  in  Kilmalcolm  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

BROADFORD,  village,  bay,  and  rivulet, 
in  Strath  parish,  Isle  of  Skye.  The 
village  stands  at  the  bay's  head  and 
rivulet's  mouth,  8  miles  south-west  of 
Kyleakin,  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
an  inn,  an  Established  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  64  scholars. 

BROADHAVEN,  fishing  village  in  Wick 
parish,  Caithness. 

BROADLAW,  mountain,  2723  feet  high, 
with  grand  view  on  north-east  border  of 
Tweedsmuir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

BROADMEADOWS,  seat  on  Yarrow 
river,  4i  miles  west-by-north  of  Selkirk. 

BROADMEADOWS,  seat  in  Hutton  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

BROADSEA,  fishing  village,  near  Fraser- 
burgh, Aberdeenshire.    Pop.  423. 

BROATS,  seat  in  Kirkpatrick-Fleming 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

BROCHEL,  dilapidated  strong  old  castle 
on  Raasay  Island,  Inverness-shire. 

BROCK,  small  affluent  of  the  Levern, 
Renfrewshire. 

BROCKLEHURST,  hamlet  in  Mouswald 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

BROCKS  BRAE,  rising  ground,  adjacent 
to  south-west  end  of  St.  Ninians,  Stirling- 
shire. The  '  Bore  Stone,'  in  which  Bruce 
j  planted  his  standard  at  the  battle  of 
Bannockburn,  is  on  it. 

BRODICHAN,  lake  in  Crathie  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BRODICK,  bay,  village,  ducal  seat,  and 
quoad  sacra  parish  in  Arran  Island,  Bute- 
shire. The  bay  is  near  the  middle  of  the 
east  coast,  14  miles  west-south-west  of 
Ardrossan,  has  a  crescent  form  on  a  chord 
of  about  3  miles,  and  is  overlooked  by  the 
mouths  of  3  glens  amid  grand  lofty  moun- 
tains.— The  village  lies  dispersedly  on  the 


RRO 


60 


BRO 


bay,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  all  depart- 
ments, under  Ardrossan,  a  hotel,  an  iron 
pier  of  1872,  and  a  church. — The  seat, 
Brodick  Castle,  belongs  to  the  Duke  of 
Hamilton,  stands  amid  ornate  grounds 
on  north  side  of  the  village,  is  a  spacious 
modern  edifice  with  lofty  tower,  and 
occupies  the  site  of  an  ancient  fortalice 
of  the  Lords  of  the  Isles. — The  quoad  sacra 
parish  is  part  of  Kilbride.    Pop.  933. 

BRODIE,  railway  station  and  mansion, 
3i miles  west-by- south  of  Forres, Elginshire. 

"BRODIESORD,  place  in  Fordyce  parish, 
Banffshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  55  scholars. 

BROGAR  BRIDGE,  place  at  southern 
extremity  of  Loch  Stenness,  Orkney. 

BROICH,  seat  and  burn  in  Kippen  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

BROLUM,  sea-loch  on  south-east  coast 
of  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

BROMLAND,  seat  in  Troqueer  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BRONACH,  burn  in  Laggan  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

BRONY,  vale  in  Ellon  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

BROOM,  village  in  Dyke  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

BROOM,  island  in  the  Spey,  in  Knock- 
ando  parish,  Elginshire. 

BROOM,  sea-loch,  16  miles  long,  on  west 
coast  of  Ross-shire. 

BROOM,  mountain,  2302  feet  high,  near 
head  of  Glenisla,  Forfarshire. 

BROOM,  farm,  said  to  have  been  the 
scene  of  a  severe  repulse  of  Robert  Bruce 
by  the  English,  in  Cummertrees  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BROOMHALL,  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Elgin, 
near  the  Forth,  in  Dunfermline  parish, 
Fife. 

BROOMHILL,  seat  near  Larkhall, 
Lanarkshire. 

BROOMHILL,  lake  near  Lochmaben, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BROOMHILL,  railway  station,  3J  miles 
south  -  south  -  west  of  Grantown,  Elgin- 
shire. 

BROOMHILL,  estate,  with  home  for 
incurables,  near  Kirkintilloch,  Dumbarton- 
shire. It  was  purchased  for  £14,000,  and 
the  home  on  it  was  opened  in  1875. 

BROOMHOLM,  seat,  thought  to  be  on 
site  of  ancient  Caledonian  town,  2  miles 
south  of  Langholm,  Dumfriesshire. 

BROOMHOUSE,  village  in  Old  Monkland 
parish,  6  miles  by  road  south-east  of  Glas- 
gow.   It  has  a  railway  station.    Pop.  371. 

BROOMHOUSE,  seat  in  Edrom  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

BROOMIEKNOWE,  village,  with  railway 
station,  1J  mile  west-south-west  of  Esk- 
bank,  Edinburghshire. 

BROOMIEKNOWE,  hamlet  in  Heriot 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

BROOMIELAW,  north  side  of  harbour, 
Glasgow. 

BROOMKNOLL,  part  of  Airdrie,  Lanark- 
shire. 


BROOMLANDS,  hamlet  in  Inchinnan 

parish,  Renfrewshire. 

BROOMLEE,  railway  station,  serving  for 
West  Linton,  Peeblesshire. 

BROOMLEY,  seat  near  Alexandria,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 

BROOM  (LITTLE),  sea-loch,  8$  miles 
long,  separated  by  only  a  narrow  ridge 
from  Loch  Broom,  Ross-shire. 

BROOMRIG,  seat  on  the  Nith,  in  Holy- 
wood  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

BRORA,  river,  lake,  and  village  in  south- 
east of  Sutherland.  The  river  runs  about 
24  miles  south-eastward,  along  a  pictur- 
esque glen  to  the  sea,  at  4^  miles  north- 
east of  Golspie. — The  lake  is  an  expansion 
of  the  lower  reach  of  the  river,  4  miles 
long,  and  looking  to  be  a  chain  of  3  lakes. 
— The  village  stands  at  the  river's  mouth, 
adjoins  a  remarkable  coal-field,  and  has  a 
post  office  with  all  departments  designated 
of  Sutherlandshire,  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  and  a  small  harbour. 
Pop.  579. 

BROTHER,  lake  in  Mearns  parish,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

BROTHER,  small  island,  near  south 
coast  of  Yell,  Shetland. 

BROTHERSTONE,  hill,  1362  feet  high, 
4  miles  south-east  of  Borthwick,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

BROTHERTON,  seat  in  Benholm  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

BROTHOCK,  rivulet  entering  the  sea  at 
Arbroath,  Forfarshire. 

BROUGH,  fishing  hamlet  in  Dunnet 
parish,  Caithness. 

BROUGH,  seat  in  Fetlar  Island, Shetland. 

BROUGH,  semi-insular  headland,  appar- 
ently once  a  rock  fortification,  on  north- 
west coast  of  Birsay  parish,  Orkney. 

BROUGH,  dilapidated  Scandinavian 
castle,  on  north  coast  of  Delting  parish, 
Shetland. 

BROUGHTON,  village  and  parish  in  west 
of  Peeblesshire.  The  village  stands  on  a 
burn  of  its  own  name,  5  miles  east  of 
Biggar,  and  has  a  Free  church  and  a  public 
school.  — The  parish  is  properly  threefold, 
Broughton,  Glenholm,  and  Kilbucho, 
contains  Rachan  Mill,  with  post  office 
under  Biggar,  and  measures  9^  by  5^- 
miles.  Acres,  18,065.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £9574.  Pop.  665.  The  surface 
comprises  3  vales,  traversed  by  burns  to 
Biggar  water,  mostly  flanked  by  hill 
ranges,  and  2  of  them  closed  at  the  head 
by  lofty  mountains.  The  seats  are 
Broughton  Place,  Mossfennan,  Quarter, 
and  Rachan.  The  parochial  church  is  in 
Kilbucho,  and  public  schools  are  in  Kil- 
bucho and  Glenholm. 

BROUGHTON,  old  suburb,  now  absorbed 
in  New  Town  of  Edinburgh. 

BROUGHTY  FERRY,  town  and  2  quoad 
sacra  parishes,  on  south  border  of  Forfar- 
shire. The  town  stands  on  Firth  of  Tay, 
3|-  miles  east  of  Dundee  ;  connects  rail- 
ways from  the  west,  the  north,  and  the 
north-east  with  the  ferry  to  Tayport  ;  is  a 


BRO 


61 


BUC 


favourite  watering-place,  with  numerous 
villas  and  several  mansions,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  all  departments,  under  Dundee, 
2  banking  offices,  3  hotels,  a  renovated  old 
castle,  a  monument  of  1860  to  Dr.  Thomas 
Dick,  2  Established  churches,  2  Free 
churches,  3  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
Congregational  and  Baptist  chapels,  an 
Episcopalian  church,  a  Good  Templars' 
hall  of  1874,  and  12  schools  with  accommo- 
dation for  1305  scholars.  4  of  the 
churches — Established,  Free,  United  Pres- 
byterian, and  Episcopalian — are  recent  and 
handsome,  and  2  of  the  schools  and  an  en- 
largement for  300  scholars  are  new.  Pop.  of 
the  town,  7407 ;  of  the  2  parishes,  Droughty 
Ferry  and  St.  Stephens,  5549  and  1836. 

BROW,  decayed  small  watering-place  on 
Solway  Firth,  in  Ruthwell  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. The  poet  Burns  made  his  last 
and  vain  effort  here  for  regaining  health. 

BROWHOUSES,  village  on  ooast  of 
Gretna  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

BROWN-CARRICK,  broad-based  hill,  940 
feet  high,  with  magnificent  view,  between 
Doon  river  and  Firth  of  Clyde,  Ayrshire. 

BROWNFIELD,  part  of  Glasgow,  ad- 
jacent to  east  side  of  Anderston. 

BROWNHILLS,  seat  near  St.  Andrews, 
Fife. 

BROWNLEE,  and  WEST  BROWNLEE, 

seats  near  Dalserf,  Lanarkshire. 

BROXBURN,  rivulet,  entering  the  sea 
about  a  mile  south-east  of  Dunbar, 
Haddingtonshire. 

BROXBURN,  rivulet  and  town  in  east  of 
Linlithgowshire.  The  rivulet  runs  about 
8  miles  east-north-eastward  to  the  Almond, 
at  |  mile  above  Kirkliston. — The  town 
stands  on  the  rivulet,  12  miles  west-by- 
south  of  Edinburgh,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Edinburgh,  a  public  hall  of 
1872,  a  United  Presbyterian  church  of 
1881,  a  Roman  Catholic  school-chapel,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  212  scholars. 
Pop.  3066. 

BROXMOUTH,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Roxburgh,  1£  mile  east  of  Dunbar,  Had- 
dingtonshire. Its  park  was  Cromwell's 
headquarters  on  eve  of  the  battle  of  Dun- 
bar. 

BRUAN,  hamlet,  8  miles  south-west  of 
Wick,  Caithness.    It  has  a  Free  church. 

BRUAR,  rivulet,  running  10  miles  south- 
ward to  the  Garry  at  3  miles  west  of 
Blair- Athole,  Perthshire.  It  makes  in  the 
lower  part  of  its  course  an  enormous 
descent,  with  series  of  cataracts  and  3 
famous  falls. 

BRUCEFIELD,  seat  in  Clackmannan 
parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

BRUCEFIELD,  tract,  alleged  to  have 
been  the  battle-scene  of  1308  between 
Bruce  and  Comyn,  in  Bourtie  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BRUCEFIELD  FEUS,  village  in  Dun- 
fermline parish,  Fife. 

BRUCEHAVEN,  harbour,  adjacent  to 
Limekilns  village,  Fife. 


BRUCE'S  CASTLE,  place,  alleged  to  have 
been  a  retreat  of  King  Robert  Bruce,  at 
south-east  skirt  of  Schichallion  Mountain, 
Perthshire. 

BRUCH-NA-FREA,  north-west  summit 
of  Cuchullin  Mountains,  Isle  of  Skye. 

BRUCKLAY,  village  in  New  Deer  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  railway  station, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  78  scholars. 

BRUIACH,  lake  in  Kiltarlity  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

BRUNSTAIN,  seat,  If  mile  south  of 
Portobello,  Edinburghshire. 

BRUNSTANE,  ruined  ancient  castle,  1\ 
miles  south-west  of  Penicuick,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

BRUNSWARK,  tabular-topped  hill,  740 
feet  high,  with  magnificent  view,  8  miles 
north  of  Annan,  Dumfriesshire.  It  was  a 
Roman  central  station,  and  it  has  well- 
preserved  remains  of  2  Roman  camps. 

BRUNTISLAND.    See  Burntisland. 

BRUNTON,  village  in  Criech  parish, 
Fife.    It  has  a  post  office  under  Cupar. 

BRURIE,  island  in  Nesting  parish,  Shet- 
land.   Pop.  50. 

BRUX,  seat  in  Tullynessle  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

BRUXIE,  hill  in  Arbuthnot  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

BRYDEKIRK.    See  Bridekikk. 

BUACHAILLE,  basaltic  islet  adjacent  to 
Staffa,  Argyleshire. 

BUACHAILLE-ETIVE,  massive  moun- 
tain, 3120  feet  high,  at  south  side  of  head 
of  Glencoe,  Argyleshire. 

BUALNALUIB,  place  in  Gairloch  parish, 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  118  scholars. 

BUCCLEUCH,  ancienfc  parish,  now  part 
of  Ettrick  parish,  Selkirkshire.  It  gives 
the  title  of  duke  to  the  chief  of  the 
family  of  Scott. 

BUCCLEUCH,  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
south  side  of  Edinburgh.    Pop.  9672. 

BUCHAN,  district  in  north  of  Aberdeen- 
shire. It  extends  from  the  east  coast 
almost  to  the  Deveron,  and  measures 
about  40  miles  by  27,  and  it  gives  the 
title  of  earl  to  a  branch  of  the  family  of 
Erskine. 

BUCHANAN,  parish  in  west  border  of 
Stirlingshire.  It  lies  along  the  greater 
part  of  Loch  Lomond  ;  extends  from  head 
of  Loch  Katrine  to  lowmost  reach  of 
Endrick  river ;  includes  Inchcallioch, 
Inchmurrin,  Inchfad,  Inchdruin,  and  Inch- 
torr  islands  ;  contains  Inversnaid,  Rowar- 
dennan,  and  Balmaha;  and  measures, 
exclusive  of  the  islands,  about  20  miles 
by  6.  Its  post  town  is  Drymen,  under 
Glasgow,  and  stands  adjacent  to  the 
southern  boundary.  Acres,  41,598.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £8436.  Pop.  550. 
The  surface  consists  mostly  of  the  moun- 
tain-ridge culminating  in  Benlomond,  but 
comprises  a  rich  lowland  tract  between 
the  end  of  that  ridge  and  the  Endrick. 
Buchanan  House  there  is  the  seat  of  the 
Duke  of    Montrose,  and   succeeded  a 


BUO 


62 


BUN 


previous  mansion  accidentally  burnt  in 
1850.  The  public .  school  has  about  26 
schol  3*rs 

BU CH  ANHAVEN,  fishing  village,  subur- 
ban to  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire. 

BUCHANNESS,  promontory,  3  miles 
south  of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire.  An 
islet  near  it  shares  its  name,  and  has 
a  lighthouse  with  flashing  light  visible  at 
the  distance  of  16  nautical  miles. 

BUCHANTY,  village  in  Fowlis-Wester 
parish,  Perthshire. 

BUCHANY,  village  near  Doune,  Perth- 
shire. 

BUCHARIN,  remnant  of  ancient  castle 
in  Boharm  parish,  Banffshire. 

BUCHLYVIE,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish,  with  railway  station,  15|  miles  west 
of  Stirling.  The  village  has  a  post  office 
under  Stirling,  a  banking  office,  a  parochial 
church  of  1876,  a  Free  church,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  106  scholars.  Pop.  319. — The 
parish  was  constituted  in  1875.  Pop. 
789. 

BUCHOLIE,  ruined  strong  old  castle,  on 
coast  of  Canisbay  parish,  Caithness. 

BUCKET,  affluent  of  the  Don,  draining 
Glenbucket,  Aberdeenshire. 

BUCKHAVEN,  fishing  town,  4£  miles 
north-east  of  Dysart,  Fife.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph  de- 
partments, under  Leven,  2  banking  offices,  a 
pier  and  harbour  formed  under  the  Board 
of  Fisheries,  a  Free  church,  a  United  Pres- 
byterian church,  and  2  public  schools  with 
about  420  scholars,  and  it  presents  a 
curious  irregular  appearance,  and  figures 
grotesquely  in  the  old  publication,  History 
of  the  College  of  Buckhaven.  Pop.  2952. 
A  branch  railway  from  Buckhaven  to 
Wemyss  was  opened  in  1881. 

BUCKHOLMSIDE,  part  of  Galashiels 
town. 

BUCKIE,  town  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
on  coast  of  Banffshire.  The  town  stands 
5  miles  west  -  by  -  south  of  Oullen  ;  is 
bisected  by  a  burn  of  its  own  name, 
dividing  it  into  East  Buckie  and  Nether 
Buckie  ;  has  a  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments under  Fochabers,  2  banking  offices, 
a  new  harbour  constructed  in  1874-80  at 
cost  of  £60,000,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  Episcopalian,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  and  male  and  female 
public  schools  with  about  152  and  96 
scholars,  and  is  the  headquarters  of  one 
of  the  25  fishery  districts  of  Scotland. 
A  branch  railway  to  it  from  Keith  was 
decided  on  in  March  1882.  Pop.  of  the 
town,  4175 ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  4349. 

BUCKIE,  glen  in  Balquhidder  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BUCKLAND,  affluent  of  the  Dee,  near 
Kirkcudbright. 

BUCKLAW,  seat  in  New  Deer  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

BU CKLERHE AD,  hamlet  in  Murroes 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

BUCKLERHOLE,  vestige  of  old  Border 


fortalice,  in  Mouswald  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

BUCKLYVIE.    See  Buchlyvie. 

BUCK  OF  CABRACH.    See  Cabrach. 

BUDDO,  dangerous  rock  in  St.  Andrews 
Bay,  Fife. 

BUDDONNESS,  low,  sandy  headland  at 
north  side  of  mouth  of  Firth  of  Tay, 
Forfarshire. 

BUIE,  stream  entering  Loch  Creran, 
Argyleshire. 

BUIE,  lake  in  Criech  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

BUILG,  lake  in  Kirkmichael  parish, 
Banffshire. 

BUITTLE,  parishbetween  Castle-Douglas 
and  Dalbeattie,  and  extending  to  the 
coast  at  west  side  of  Urr  river,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. It  contains  Palnackie  village, 
and  its  post  town  is  Castle-Douglas.  Its 
length  is  10  miles,  its  greatest  breadth  3| 
miles,  its  area  11,391  acres.  Keal  property 
in  1880-81,  £12,994.  Pop.  991.  The 
surface  is  finely  diversified  with  hill  and 
dale.  Granite  abounds,  and  was  for  some 
time  extensively  quarried.  Buittle  Castle, 
now  represented  by  only  vaults  and 
ditches,  was  a  favourite  residence  of  John 
Baliol.  There  are  2  public  schools  for  144 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  is  new. 

BULAY,  two  islets,  Greater  and  Lesser, 
off  south  coast  of  Skye. 

BULLERHOLES,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Kilwinning  parish,  Ayrshire. 

BULLERS  OF  BUCHAN,  village  and 
shattered  range  of  sea  cliff,  5^  miles 
south  of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire.  The 
cliff  is  intricately  torn  and  perforated,  and 
includes  a  natural  tunnel  with  shaft  swept 
by  sea-billows  in  storms. 

BULLIONFIELD,  place,  with  paperworks, 
adjacent  to  Invergowrie,  4  miles  west  of 
Dundee. 

BULLION  WELL,  mineral  spring  in 
Ecclesmachan  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

BULVICAR,  bay  in  Seil  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

BULWARK,  place  in  Old  Deer  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  69  scholars. 

BUNACHTON,  lake  on  north  border  of 
Daviot  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

BUNAVOULIN,  place  in  Morvern  parish, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Fort-William,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  48  scholars. 

BUNA  WE,  village  at  influx  of  river  Awe 
to  Loch  Etive,  Argyleshire.  It  adjoins 
extensive  ironworks,  and  maintains  a 
ferry  across  Loch  Etive. 

BUNCHREW,  railway  station  and  seat, 
3|  miles  west  of  Inverness. 

BUNDALLOCH,  fishing  village  on  Loch 
Long,  in  Kintail  parish,  Ross-shire. 

BUNESS,  seat  and  chrome  quarry  in 
Unst  Island,  Shetland. 

BUNESSAN.    See  Bonessan. 

BUNKER'S  HILL,  site  of  James  Square, 
Edinburgh. 

BUNKLE,   parish,   averagely  3j  miles 


BUN" 


63 


BUR 


north-north -east  of  Dunse,  Berwickshire. 
Post  town,  Edrom.  Acres,  9189.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £12,136.  Pop.  726. 
The  south-eastern  section  is  nearly  level, 
and  the  north-western  is  part  of  the 
Lammermoors,  called  Bunkle  Edge.  The 
seats  are  Blanerne,  Cruiksfield,  and  Easter 
Cruicksfield.  The  public  school  has  about 
75  scholars. 

BUNMAN,  hill  with  fine  view  in  Kirk- 
maiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

BUNROY,  hamlet  in  Kilmonivaig  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

BUNZEON,  estate  in  Cults  parish, 
Fife. 

BURDIEHOUSE,  hamlet,  with  limekilns, 
on  burn  of  its  own  name,  3^  miles  south 
of  Edinburgh.  The  burn  runs  8J  miles 
from  the  Pentlands  north-eastward  to 
Firth  of  Forth. 

BURD YARDS,  estate  in  Forres  parish, 
Elginshire. 

BURG,  bold  headland  in  Kilfinichen 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

BURGAR,  seat  in  Evie  parish,  Orkney. 
BURGHEAD,  bay,  promontory,  town, 
and  quoad  sacra  parish  in  Elginshire. 
The  bay  lies  immediately  east  of  mouth  of 
Findhorn  river,  has'a  proximately  half -moon 
form  on  a  chord  of  about  4  miles,  and  is 
entirely  exposed  to  the  north-north-west. 
— The  promontory  flanks  the  east  side  of 
the  bay,  projects  about  •§  mile  from  the 
adjacent  coast  line,  presents  to  the  sea  a 
precipitous  front  about  80  feet  high,  and 
was  the  site  of  successively  a  Roman 
station  and  Scandinavian  works. — The 
town  stands  on  the  south-west  slope  of 
the  promontory,  at  terminus  of  branch 
railway,  11  miles  north-west  of  Elgin ;  is 
a  watering-place,  a  small  seaport,  and  an 
important  fishing-station,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Elgin,  a  banking  office, 
a  hotel,  a  suite  of  baths,  a  public  reading- 
room,  an  artificial  harbour,  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  2  public  schools  with  about  305 
scholars.  Pop.  of  the  town,  1411 ;  of  the 
quoad  sacra  parish,  2059. 

BURGIE,  estate,  with  ancient  castle, 
modern  mansion,  and  public  school,  in 
Bafford  parish,  Elginshire. 

BURLEIGH,  ruined  baronial  castle, 
near  Milnathort,  Kinross-shire.  It 
belonged  to  the  Lords  Balfour,  who  were 
attainted  in  1716,  and  whose  descendant 
was  restored  to  the  peerage  in  1869. 

BURN,  seat  in  Fettercairn  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

BURNBANK,  fishing  village  in  Nigg 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

BURNBANK,  streamlet  running  to  the 
Forth  in  Kincardine  parish,  Perthshire. 

BURNBRAE,  place  near  Methven,  Perth- 
shire.   It  has  a  post  office  under  Perth. 

BURNBRIDGE,  village  in  Muiravonside 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

BURNESS,  parish  in  Sanday  Island, 
Orkney.      It     comprises     the  island's 


north-west  peninsula,  and  is  united  to 
Cross. 

BURNESS,  lake  in  Westray  Island, 
Orkney. 

BURNFOOT,  small  harbour  at  head  of 
Luce  Bay,  Wigtonshire. 

BURNFOOT,  small  harbour  in  Rerrick 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

BURNFOOT,  seat  in  Westerkirk  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

BURNFOOT,  places  in  Carriden  parish, 
Linlithgowshire ;  Glendovan  parish,  Perth- 
shire ;  Gargunnock  parish,  Stirlingshire ; 
and  Lochwinnoch  parish ,  Renfrewshire. 

BURNFOOTHILL,  town  in  Dalmelling- 
ton  parish,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  1690. 

BURNHAVEN,  fishing  village  in  Peter- 
head parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a 
public  school  which  about  94  scholars. 
Pop.  320. 

BURNHEAD,  hamlet  in  Penpont  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  United  Presby- 
terian church. 

BURNHEAD.  place  in  Dunscore  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  113  scholars. 

BURNHOUSE,  village  in  Beith  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

BURNHOUSE,  seat  in  Stow  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

BURNMOUTH,  fishing  village  in  Ayton 
parish,  Berwickshire.  It  has  a  railway 
station,  and  a  public  school  with  about  100 
scholars.    Pop.  with  Ross,  371. 

BURN  OF  CAMBUS,  place  near  Doune, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Stirling. 

BURN  OF  VAT,  streamlet  crossing  a 
vertical  vat-like  cave,  in  east  end  of  Tullich 
section  of  Glenmuick  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

BURN  ROW,  village  in  Slamannan 
parish,  Stirlingshire.    Pop.  353. 

BURNS,  hamlet  in  Milton  section  of 
Markinch  parish,  Fife. 

BURNSIDE,  village,  suburban  to  Dum- 
barton.   Pop.  386. 

BURNSIDE,  village  in  Muiravonside 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

BURNSIDE,  village,  suburban  to  Kettle, 
Fife. 

BURNSIDE,  place  in  Tannadice  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  public  school,  with 
about  67  scholars. 

BURNSIDE,  part  of  Kilsyth  burgh, 
Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  247  scholars. 

BURNSIDE,  place  in  Dairy  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
104  scholars. 

BURNSIDE,  village  in  St.  Cyrus  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

BURNSIDE,  village  in  Nairn  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

BURNSIDE,  seat  in  Rathven  parish, 
Banffshire. 

BURNSIDE,  hamlet  near  Birnam,  Perth- 
shire. 

BURNSIDE,  seat  in  Rescobie  parish, 
Forfarshire. 


BUR 


64 


BUT 


BURNSWARK.  See  Bkunswabk. 
BURNTISLAND,  town  and  parish  on 
south  coast  of  Fife.  The  town  stands  on 
Firth  of  Forth,  6  miles  south-west-by-south 
of  Kirkcaldy  ;  occupies  a  low  peninsula  in 
front  of  near  screen  of  high  sheltering  hills ; 
connects  the  railways  through  Fife  with 
the  ferry  to  Granton ;  belonged  anciently 
to  Dunfermline  Abbey,  and  had  once 
defensive  walls,  but  figures  little  in  history  ; 
ranks  now  as  a  sea-bathing  resort,  a  sea- 
port, a  royal  burgh,  and  a  parliamentary 
burgh,  uniting  with  Kinghom,  Kirkcaldy, 
and  Dysart  in  sending  a  member  to 
Parliament ;  comprises  2  principal 
streets,  parallel  to  each  other,  and  some 
lanes ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  2  banking  offices,  a  hotel, 
extensive  waterworks,  an  excellent  arti- 
ficial harbour,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Episcopalian  churches, 
a  public  school  with  capacity  for  600 
scholars,  and  several  local  institutions. 
New  waterworks,  constructed  at  a  cost  of 
about  £25,000,  were  opened  in  1879 ;  and 
together  with  previous  works  they  yield 
to  the  inhabitants  70  gallons  per  head  per 
day.  The  harbour,  even  prior  to  the  rail- 
way period,  was  the  best  on  the  Firth  of 
Forth,  and  had  much  capacity  and  good 
appliances ;  and  it  underwent  much  ex- 
tension and  improvement  to  fit  it  for 
the  purposes  of  the  railway  ferry.  A  new 
dock  also  was  completed  in  December 
1876,  at  a  cost  of  more  than  £90,000; 
measures  530  feet  in  length,  450  feet  in 
breadth,  and  5|  acres  in  water  area  ;  and 
has  a  depth  of  22J  feet  on  the  sill  at  high 
water  of  spring  tides.  The  shipment  of 
coal  forms  a  prominent  business,  and  is 
aided  by  two  hydraulic  hoists,  which  cost 
£4000.  The  export  trade  underwent  great 
increase  after  1876,  continued  to  rise 
steadily  and  rapidly,  while  that  of  nearly 
all  the  other  ports  of  Scotland  underwent 
depression,  and  was  so  high  in  the  latter 
part  of  1879  as  to  yield  harbour  revenue 
at  the  rate  of  about  £11,000  a  year.  Eeal 
property  of  the  burgh  in  1880-81,  £23,904. 
Pop.  4099.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Kirkton  village,  and  comprises  2565  acres. 
Real  property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81 . 
£9491.  Pop.  4821.  The  coast  is  about 
3  miles  long, — -g-  sandy,  and  f  rocky.  The 
interior,  for  about  ^  mile  from  the  shore, 
is  low,  and  afterwards  rises  abruptly  into 
bold  hills.  The  seats  are  Colinswell,  New- 
bigging,  and  Grange  ;  and  other  interesting 
objects  are  Rossend  Castle,  Knockdavie 
ruined  fortalice,  and  remains  at  Kirkton 
of  the  ancient  parochial  church.  There 
are  3  schools,  with  accommodation  for  951 
scholars. 

BURNWELL,  seat  near  Kilmarnock, 
Ayrshire. 

BURRA,  2  islands,  parish,  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  in  south  of  Shetland.  The 
islands  are  East  and  West  Burra,  they  lie 
off  the  west  coast,  divided  by  Cliff  Sound 
from  the  mainland,  averagely  about  10 


miles  south-west  of  Lerwick  ;  they  extend 
parallel  to  each  other,  respectively  6  and 
5  miles,  and  are  in  one  place  so  near  each 
other  as  to  be  connected  by  a  rude  bridge  ; 
and  they  consist  mostly  of  narrow  hill-ridges 
with  rocky  shores.  Pop.  215  and  427. — 
The  parish  includes  also  Hevera  and  Papa 
Islands,  is  united  to  Bressay,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Lerwick. — The  quoad 
sacra  parish  includes  also  Quarff.  Pop. 
918.    See  Bressay. 

BURRA  FIRTH,  deep  sandy  bay  in  north 
of  Unst  Island,  Shetland. 

BURRANESS,  headland,  with  Scandina- 
vian fort,  in  north-east  of  Yell  Island, 
Shetland. 

BURRAVOE,  bay  and  hamlet  at  south- 
east extremity  of  Yell  Island,  Shetland. 
The  hamlet  has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick, 
a  chapel-of-ease,  and  a  public  school. 

BURRAY,  island  and  parish  in  south- 
east of  Orkney.  The  island  lies  between 
South  Ronaldshay  and  Pomona,  measures 
about  4J  miles  in  length,  and  2|  miles  in 
extreme  breadth,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Kirkwall,  a  chapel-of-ease,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  131  scholars. 
Pop.  685.  —  The  parish  includes  also 
Hun  da  and  Glenisholm  Islands,  and  is 
united  to  South  Ronaldshay. 

BURRELTON,  village  near  Wood  side 
railway  station,  13J  miles  north-east  of 
Perth.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Coupar- 
Angus,  and  a  Free  church.  Pop.  with 
Woodside,  486. 

BURWICK,  place  on  south-east  of  South 
Ronaldshay,  Orkney.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Kirkwall,  and  an  inn. 

BUSBY,  town  on  the  White  Cart,  6 
miles  south-by-west  of  Glasgow.  It  is  a 
seat  of  manufacture,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Glasgow,  a  railway  station, 
a  Free  church,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel  of  1880, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  257 
scholars.    Pop.  2155. 

BUSH,  seat  in  Glencorse  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

BUSH,  burn  on  eastern  boundary  of 
Kilsyth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

BUSTA,  eastward  branch  of  St.  Magnus 
Bay,  Shetland. 

BUTE,  island  in  Firth  of  Clyde.  It  is 
separated  from  Argyleshire  by  the  narrow 
channel  called  Kyles  of  Bute  ;  it  extends 
16  miles  south  -  south  -  eastward,  with  a 
breadth  of  from  2  to  5  miles  ;  it  has  mostly 
a  rocky  coast,  with  intervention  of  fine 
beachy  bays ;  it  comprises  4  districts, 
separated  by  nearly  parallel  dingles  ;  it 
exhibits  a  pleasing  variety  of  hill,  rising 
ground,  slope,  and  vale ;  it  rises  to  a 
height  of  nearly  1000  feet  in  the  north, 
and  to  heights  of  more  than  500  feet  in 
the  middle  and  the  south;  it  contains  a 
lake  of  fully  388  acres,  and  6  smaller 
lakes ;  it  gives  the  titles  of  earl  and 
marquis  to  a  branch  of  the  family  of 
Stuart,  and  it    contains  the  Marquis's 


BUT 


65 


CAE 


magnificent  re-constructed  seat  of  Mount 
Stuart.    Pop.  10,998. 

BUTE  (KYLES  OF).  See  Kyles  OF 
Bute. 

BUTELAND,  estate  in  Currie  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

BUTE  (NORTH),  parish  containing  Port- 
Bannatyne  or  Kamesburgh  village,  and 
comprising  the  northern  part  of  Bute 
Island  and  all  Inchmarnock,  Buteshire. 
Acres,  14,764.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£12,196.  Pop.  1192.  The  post  office 
is  Kamesburgh,  under  Rothesay ;  the 
churches  are  Established  and  Free  ;  and 
2  public  schools,  with  accommodation 
for  263  scholars,  belong  jointly  to  it  and 
the  landward  parts  of  Rothesay  parish. 

BUTESHIRE,  insular  county  in  Firth  of 
Clyde.  It  comprises  the  islands  of  Bute, 
Arran,  Big  Cumbray,  Little  Cumbray, 
Holy  Isle,  Inchmarnock,  and  Pladda,  and 
has  an  area  of  225  square  miles.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £115,991.  Pop.  in 
1871,  16,977 ;  in  1881,  17,666.  The  only 
towns  are  Rothesay  and  Millport,  and  the 
only  village  with  more  than  500  inhabitants 
is  Port-Bannatyne.  The  county,  inclusive 
of  Rothesay  burgh,  sends  one  member  to 
Parliament. 

BUTTERGASK,  village  in  Ardoch  parish, 
Perthshire. 

BUTTERSTONE,  village,  seat,  and  lake 
in  Caputh  parish,  Perthshire.  The  village 
has  a  post  office  under  Dunkeld. 

BUTT  OF  LEWIS,  bold  rugged  promon- 
tory at  northern  extremity  of  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides.  A  lighthouse  is  on  it,  with 
fixed  light  visible  at  the  distance  of  18 
nautical  miles. 

BUTTURICH,  modern  seat,  on  site  of  large 
ancient  fortalice,  near  Loch  Lomond,  2 
miles  north  of  Balloch,  Dumbartonshire. 

BUXBURN,  place  on  burn  of  its  own 
name,  5  miles  north-west  of  Aberdeen.  It 
has  a  railway  station,  an  Episcopalian 
chapel  of  1880,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  112  scholars. 

BYRES,  estate,  3  miles  north-north- west 
of  Hamilton.  It  gives  the  title  of  baron  to 
the  Earl  of  Haddington. 

BYTH,  seat  in  King  Edward  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.    See  also  Newbtth. 


CAAF,  affluent  of  the  Garnock,  Ayrshire. 

CABRACH,  parish  in  Aberdeenshire  and 
Banffshire,  averagely  about  11  miles  west- 
south- west  of  Huntly.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Aberdeen.  Its  length  is  12  miles ; 
its  greatest  breadth  8  miles  ;  its  area  14,622 
acres  in  Aberdeenshire,  and  19,481  acres  in 
Banffshire.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£1347  and  £2107.  Pop.  312  and  370. 
The  entire  surface  is  mountainous,  and  the 
Buck  of  Cabrach,  on  its  eastern  boundary, 
has  a  height  of  2368  feet  above  sea-level. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  United 
Presbyterian.  There  are  2  public  schools 
for  170  scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  a  class- 
room are  new. 


CACHILRIGH,  hill  in  Torphichen  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

CADBOLL, ancient  castle, now  represented 
by  only  two  or  three  vaults,  on  coast  of 
Fearn  parish,  Ross-shire. 

CADDAM,  extinct  village  in  Coupar- 
Angus  parish,  Perthshire. 

CADDEN,  extinct  old  castle  on  peninsular 
rock  in  Kinneff  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

CADDER,  affluent  of  the  Avon  in  Avon- 
dale  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CADDER,  village  and  parish  on  north 
border  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village  stands 
adjacent  to  the  site  of  a  fort  of  Antoninus' 
"Wall,  near  the  river  Kelvin,  5  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Glasgow,  and  is  a  small 
scattered  place,  but  contains  the  parochial 
church,  erected  in  1830,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  124  scholars. — The  parish 
contains  also  the  villages  of  Bishopbriggs, 
Chryston,  Auchinairn,  Garnkirk,  Mollin- 
burn,  Auchenloch,  Muirhead,  and  Moodies- 
burn,  and  parts  of  Lenzie  and  Garnqueen. 
Its  length  is  about  10  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  3f  miles  ;  its  area  13,969 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £49,508. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  6965;  quoad  sacra, 
2934.  The  surface  is  all  low,  and  either 
level  or  but  slightly  undulated.  The  soils 
are  exceedingly  various.  Coal,  limestone, 
and  fine  sandstone  are  more  or  less  plenti- 
ful; and  rich  extensive  beds  of  fire-clay 
lie  around  Garnkirk.  The  chief  seats  are 
Cadder  House,  Garnkirk,  Gartloch,  Spring- 
field, Bedlay,  Robroyston,  Gartferry,  and 
Glaudhall;  and  principal  objects  of  antiqua- 
rian interest  are  vestiges  of  Antoninus'  Wall 
and  site  of  the  house  in  which  Sir  William 
Wallace  was  betrayed.  The  churches  are 
2  Established,  2  Free,  and  a  United  Presby- 
terian. There  are  7  schools  for  1213 
scholars,  and  3  of  them  for  870  are  new. 

CADDON,  affluent  of  the  Tweed,  drain- 
ing the  part  of  Stow  parish  within  Selkirk- 
shire. 

CADDONFOOT,  quoad  sacra  parish  around 
influx  of  the  Caddon  to  the  Tweed,  aver- 
agely 4J  miles  west-south-west  of  Gala- 
shiels. It  contains  Clovenfords  village, 
with  post  office  under  Galashiels,  and  has 
a  church,  enlarged  in  1875,  and  a  new 
public  school  with  accommodation  for  135 
scholars.    Pop.  693. 

CADZOW,  burn  running  from  Glassford 
through  Hamilton  to  the  Clyde ;  village  and 
quoad  sacra  parish  on  Hamilton  part  of 
that  burn  ;  and  ruined  castellated  seat  of 
ancestors  of  the  Duke  of  Hamilton  on 
Avon  river,  1£  mile  south-south-east  of 
Hamilton.  Pop.,  of  the  village,  675;  of 
the  quoad  sacra  parish,  7163. 

CAERBANTORIGUM,  ancient  Caledonian 
fort  on  hill  with  very  extensive  view  in 
Kirkcudbright  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CAERKETAN,  or  KIRKYETTAN,  one  of 
the  Pentland  Hills,  in  Colinton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

CAERLANRIG,  tract  in  Teviothead  par- 
ish, Roxburghshire. 

CAERLAVEROCK,  peninsular  parish,  be- 
E 


CAE 


G6 


CAI 


tween  the  Nith  and  the  Lochar,  on  the 
coast  of  Dumfriesshire.  It  contains  Glen- 
caple  and  Bankend  villages,  each  with  post 
office  under  Dumfries ;  contains  also  4 
smaller  villages,  and  part  of  Kelton.  Its 
length  is  about  6  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
about  miles  ;  its  area  5664  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £9086.  Pop.  1046. 
The  south-eastern  part  is  low  and  level ; 
and  the  middle  and  north-western  parts 
are  an  elongated  hill,  descending  gradually 
to  the  Nith  and  to  the  Lochar.  Conheath 
House  is  a  chief  residence.  Vestiges  of 
Caledonian  and  Roman  works  are  on  the 
hill.  Caerlaverock  Castle,  one  of  the 
grandest  baronial  ruins  in  Scotland,  stands 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Nith  ;  was  erected 
about  1420  on  site  of  a  previous  strong 
castle ;  served  both  as  an  important  for- 
tress and  a  noble  residence ;  forms  three 
sides  of  a  triangle  with  interior  open  court ; 
exhibits  much  beauty  of  architecture  and 
sculpture ;  is  so  well  preserved  as  to 
retain  a  comparatively  fresh  aspect ;  and 
appears  to  have  been  in  some  respects, 
though  not  in  all,  the  prototype  of  Sir 
"Walter  Scott's  '  Ellangowan '  in  his  Guy 
Mannering.  The  grave  and  monument  of 
the  person  whose  popular  soubriquet  gave 
title  to  Sir  Walter's  Old  Mortality  are  in 
the  parochial  burying-ground.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free,  and  the  latter  is 
in  Glencaple.  The  public  school  is  called 
Hutton  Hall,  and  has  about  113  scholars. 

CAERWINNING,  hill,  with  vestiges  of 
ancient  fortification,  near  Dairy,  Ayrshire. 

CAILM,  lake  in  Reay  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

CAINAIL,  glen  in  Torosay  parish,  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

CAIRN,  small  river,  uniting  with  the 
Glenesland  to  form  the  Cluden,  on  west 
border  of  Dumfriesshire. 

CAIRN,  hill  in  Tundergarth  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CAIRN,  hill  in  Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wig- 
tonshire. 

CAIRN,  two  summits  of  the  Pentlands, 
East  and  West,  1839  and  1844  feet  high,  in 
Edinburghshire. 

CAIRN,  hill  in  Culsamond  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

CAIRNAIG,  rivulet,  entering  the  Fleet, 
in  Sutherland. 

CAIRNAKAY,  mountain  ridge,  south- 
westward  from  Benrinnes  to  the  Aven's 
glen,  in  Banffshire. 

CAIRN  APPLE,  lofty  hill  on  east  border 
of  Torphichen  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

CAIRN- A-QUHEEN,  stone  tumulus  about 
1J  mile  west  of  Crathie  church,  Aberdeen- 
shire. Its  name  was  the  war-cry  of  the 
ancient  clans  of  Deeside. 

CAIRN-ARC,  very  ancient  large  cairn 
near  mouth  of  river  Ness,  Inverness-shire. 

CAIRN  -  A  -  VAIN,  ancient  large  cairn, 
orowning  one  of  the  Ochil  Hills,  on  north 
border  of  Orwell  parish,  Kinross-shire. 

CAIRNAVERAN,  hill,  crowned  with 
cairn,  in  Alford  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 


CAIRNBALLOCH,  one  of  the  Monadh- 
leadh  mountains,  Inverness-shire. 

CAIRNBAN,  place,  with  nine  locks  on 
Crinal  Canal,  2\  miles  west-north-west  of 
Lochgilphead,  Argyleshire. 

CAIRNBAN,  mountain,  3443  feet  high, 
10  miles  east  -  north  -  east  of  Kingussie, 
Inverness-shire. 

CAIRNBANNO,  seat,  11  miles  west-south- 
west of  Mintlaw,  Aberdeenshire.  The 
tract  around  it  has  one  public  school  of  its 
name,  with  about  124  scholars,  in  New 
Deer  parish  ;  and  another,  with  about  31 
scholars,  in  Monquhitter. 

CAIRNBANNOCH,  mountain,  3314  feet 
high,  near  Lochnagar,  Aberdeenshire. 

CAIRNBARROW,  farm,  with  large  cairns, 
in  Glass  parish,  Banffshire. 

CAIRNBEDDIE,  village  in  St.  Martin's 
parish,  Perthshire.  A  moated  mound  here 
is  said  to  have  been  the  site  of  a  castle  of 
Macbeth. 

CAIRNBRAN,  large  cairn  in  Loth  parish, 
Sutherland. 

CAIRNBRENNOCH,  mountain  on  north 
verge  of  Blair- Athole  parish,  Perthshire. 

CAIRNBROE,  or  CARNBROE,  seat  in 
Bothwell  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CAIRNBULG,  headland,  conspicuous 
ruined  baronial  castle,  and  fishing  village 
2\  miles  south-east  of  Fraserburgh,  Aber- 
deenshire. The  village  possesses,  con- 
jointly with  Inverallochy,  a  quoad  sacra 
parochial  church,  and  a  large  public  school. 
Pop.  459. 

CAIRNBURGBEG,  and  CAIRNBURG- 
MORE,  two  of  the  Treshinish  Isles  near 
north-west  coast  of  Mull,  Argyleshire. 

CAIRNCHUNAIG,  lofty  mountain  on 
mutual  border  of  Rosskeen  and  Kincardine 
parishes,  Ross-shire. 

CAIRNCONAN,  hill,  with  very  fine  view, 
on  west  border  of  St.  Vigeans  parish,  For- 

CAIRN-CUILDICH,  true  site  of  original 
Culdee  establishment  on  west  coast  of  Iona 
Island,  Ax-gyleshire. 

CAIRNDOW,  hamlet  on  east  side  near 
head  of  Loch  Fyne,  Argyleshire.  It  com- 
municates by  steamboat  with  Inverary, 
and  has  a  post  office,  designated  of 
Argyleshire,  and  a  good  inn. 

CAIRNECLAR,  mountain,  3250  feet  high, 
13  miles  north  of  Bridge  of  Tilt,  Perth- 
shire. 

CAIRNESS,  estate,  with  modern  man- 
sion, and  with  post  office  under  Aberdeen, 
in  Lonmay  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CAIRNEY.    See  Cairnie. 

CAIRNEYHILL,  village,  3  miles  west- 
south- west  of  Dunfermline,  Fife.  It  has 
a  United  Presbyterian  church  with  400 
sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
89  scholars.    Pop.  293. 

CAIRNEYHILL,  village  adjacent  to  Bank- 
foot,  in  Auchtergaven  parish,  Perthshire. 

CAIRNFARRY,  headland  at  north  end  of 
Gigha  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CAIRNFERG,  conspicuous  conical  moun- 
tain in  Birse  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 


CAT 


67 


CAI 


CAIRNFIELD,  seat  in  Rathven  parish, 
Banffshire. 

CAIRNGARROCH,  bay  in  Kirkmaiden 
parish,  Wigton shire. 

CAIRNGORMS,  alpine  mountain  group 
of  Central  Grampians  around  meeting- 
point  of  Aberdeenshire,  Banffshire,  and 
Inverness-shire.  They  occupy  an  area  of 
about  140  square  miles ;  they  comprise 
a  number  of  masses  and  summits,  separated 
by  depressions  and  glens  ;  they  culminate 
in  Benmacdhu  at  an  altitude  of  4296  feet 
above  sea-level ;  and  they  give  their  name 
to  certain  fine  rock  crystals. 

CAIRNGRASSIE,  place  near  Stonehaven, 
Kincardineshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Stonehaven. 

CAIRNGREGOR,  mountain  at  source  of 
Nairn  river,  16  miles  south  of  Inverness. 

CAIRNHARROW,  hill,  1497  feet  high, 
with  extensive  fine  view,  4  miles  south- 
east of  Creetown,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CAIRNHILL,  seat  near  Airdrie,  Lanark- 
shire. 

CAIRNHILL,  seat  near  Kilmarnock,  Ayr- 
shire. 

CAIRNHOLY,  tumulus  of  antiquarian 
note  in  Kirkmabreck  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

CAIRNIE,  parish,  chiefly  in  Aberdeen- 
shire, and  partly  in  Banffshire.  It  lies 
midway  between  Huntly  and  Keith,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Huntly.  Its  length 
is  8  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  nearly 
4|  miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81  of 
the  Aberdeenshire  part,  £7701 ;  of  the 
Banffshire  part,  £912.  Pop.  1565  and  60. 
Some  of  the  surface  is  low  ground,  with 
deep  fertile  soil ;  and  some  consists  of 
hills,  largely  covered  with  plantation. 
About  nine-tenths  of  the  whole  belong  to 
the  Duke  of  Richmond.  .  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free.  There  are  five 
schools  for  310  scholars,  and  one  of  them 
for  70  is  new. 

CAIRNIE,  seat  in  Kilconquhar  parish, 
Fife. 

CAIRNIE,  seat  in  Cupar  parish,  Fife. 
CAIRNIEMOUNT,  or  CAIRN-O'-MOUNT, 

hill,  1488  feet  high,  at  meeting-point  of 
Fordoun,  Fettercairn,  and  Strachan  par- 
ishes, Kincardineshire. 

CAIRNIES,  estate,  with  Scottish  Episco- 
pal college,  on  the  Almond,  10  miles  west- 
north-west  of  Perth.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Perth. 

CAIRN-IRENAN,  spot  of  antiquarian 
interest,  giving  name  by  transmutation  to 
Killearnan  parish,  Ross-shire. 

CAIRNISH.    See  Cakinish. 

CAIRNKINNA,  mountain,  1813  feet  high, 
in  Penpont  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CAIRNLAW,  mountain,  3|  miles  east- 
south-east  of  Tweedsmuir  church,  Peebles- 
shire. 

CAIRNMONEARN,  lofty  hill,  one  of  the 
Grampians,  in  Durris  parish,  Kincardine- 
shire. 

CAIRNMORE,  mountain  in  Strathdon 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 


CAIRNMORE,  large  cairn  of  antiquarian 
interest  in  Aboyne  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CAIRNMORE,  each  of  two  farms  named 
from  large  cairns  in  Logie-Coldstone  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CAIRNMORE,  farm,  named  from  large 
cairn,  in  Glass  parish,  Banffshire. 

CAIRNMUIR,  cairn,  456  feet  in  circuit, 
and  14  feet  high,  in  Caputh  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

CAIRNMUIR,  seat  in  Kirkurd  parish, 
I^GGfolGSstiirG. 

CAIRN-NA-  CUIMHNE,  historical  cairn, 
contiguous  to  narrow  pass  on  the  Dee,  in 
Crathie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CAIRNNOVVIE,  place  in  Methlick  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
95  scholars. 

CAIRN-O'-MOUNT.  See  Cairniemount. 

CAIRNPIOT,  hill,  593  feet  high,  with 
fine  view,  and  with  vestiges  of  military 
works,  in  Portpatrick  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

CAIRNRYAN,  seaport  village  on  Loch 
Ryan,  6J  miles  north  of  Stranraer,  Wig- 
tonshire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Stran- 
raer, an  Established  church,  and  a  Free 
church. 

CAIRNS,  ruined  baronial  fortalice  in 
Mid-Calder  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

CAIRNSERY,  lake  near  Poolewe,  Ross- 
shire. 

CAIRNSMORE,  seat  in  Minnigaff  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CAIRNSMUIR,  mountain,  2331  feet  high, 
with  magnificent  view,  on  mutual  border 
of  Minnigaff  and  Kirkmabreck  parishes, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CAIRNSMUIR,  mountain,  2612  feet  high, 
in  Carsphairn  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CAIRNTABLE,  mountain,  1944  feet  high, 
on  mutual  border  of  Muirkirk  parish,  Ayr- 
shire, and  Douglas  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CAIRNTAGGART,  mountain,  about  3000 
feet  high,  on  mutual  border  of  Crathie  and 
Glenmuick  parishes,  Aberdeenshire. 

CAIRNTOUL,  alpine  mountain,  4241  feet 
high,  one  of  the  Cairngorms,  Aberdeenshire 
and  Inverness-shire. 

CAIRNVAICKAN,  mountain,  2442  feet 
high,  3  miles  south  of  Strathdon  church, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CAIRNWILLIAM,  mountain  on  mutual 
border  of  Tough  and  Monymusk  parishes, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CAIRSTON,  place  in  Stromness  parish, 
Orkney.  It  gives  name  to  a  presbytery  of 
the  Established  Church. 

CAISTEAL-ABHAIL,  summit,  2735  feet 
high,  north-west  of  Goatfell,  Arran  Island, 
Buteshire. 

CAITESEAL,  hill,  1250  feet  high,  ad- 
jacent to  Loch  Seaforth,  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

CAITHA,  hamlet  in  Stow  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  46  scholars. 

CAITHNESS,  county  in  extreme  north- 
east of  mainland  of  Scotland.  Its  length 
is  53  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  33  miles  ; 


CAI 


68 


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its  coast-line  105  miles ;  its  circuit  about 
145  miles  ;  its  area  712  square  miles.  The 
coast,  with  exception  of  that  of  some 
bays,  is  bold  and  rocky,  and  in  some  parts 
cavernous.  The  landward  border,  com- 
mencing with  the  Ord  on  south-east  coast, 
and  terminating  12  miles  west-south-west 
of  Thurso  on  north  coast,  is  nearly  all 
upland,  partly  mountainous,  partly  hilly, 
and  attains  on  one  summit  an  altitude  of 
2331  feet.  The  interior,  with  small  excep- 
tion, is  tame  low  country,  either  flat  or 
but  slightly  undulated,  and  includes  a 
large  proportion  of  deep  bog  and  moorish 
morass.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Thurso, 
the  Wick,  and  the  Berriedale ;  but  they 
have  little  economical  value  except  for 
their  fish.  The  lakes  are  very  numerous, 
but  only  3  of  them  are  each  more  than 
1  mile  long.  Sandstone  flag  is  a  principal 
rock,  and  is  very  extensively  quarried  and 
exported.  Agriculture,  especially  as  viewed 
under  disadvantageous  conditions  of  soil  and 
climate,  is  highly  improved  and  skilful. 
The  fishing,  curing,  and  exporting  of  her- 
ring is  a  prominent  industry.  The  chief 
towns  are  "Wick  and  Thurso  ;  and  the  chief 
villages  are  Castletown,  Lybster,  Halkirk, 
Keiss,  and  Sarclet.  Heal  property  in 
1880-81,  £133,922.  Pop.  in  1871,  39,992 ; 
in  1881,  38,845. 

CAITNISH,  place,  with  series  of  cascades, 
on  river  Orchy,  in  Glenorchy  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

CAKEMUIR,  old  castle  in  Cranston  par- 
ish, Edinburghshire.  An  apartment  in 
it  is  called  Queen  Mary's  room,  and  got 
that  name  from  having  received  her  on 
her  flight  from  Borthwick  Castle. 

CALAIR,  impetuous  burn  in  Balquhidder 
parish,  Perthshire. 

CALART,  hill  at  eastern  boundary  of 
Rothiemurchus  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

CALASAND,  bay  on  east  side  of  Sanday 
Island,  Orkney. 

CALDARVAN,  seat  in  Kilmaronock  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

C ALDER,  district  in  extreme  west  of 
Edinburghshire.  It  was  early  divided  into 
Calder-Comitis  on  the  west,  and  Calder- 
Clere  on  the  east ;  and  the  former  section 
was  afterwards  divided  into  Mid-Calder 
and  West-Calder. 

C ALDER,  seat  of  Lord  Torphichen  in 
Mid-Calder  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

CALDER,  rivulet,  running  about  10  miles 
north-eastward  to  the  Clyde,  at  5J  miles 
south-east  of  Glasgow.  It  is  called  Park 
burn  in  its  upper  part,  Calder  in  its  middle 
part,  and  Rotten  Calder  in  its  lower  part. 

CALDER,  rivulet,  running  7  miles  east- 
south-eastward  to  Castle  Semple  Loch,  in 
west  of  Renfrewshire. 

CALDER,  rivulet,  entering  left  side  of 
the  Spey,  in  Kingussie  parish,  Inverness- 
shire. 

CALDER,  hamlet  and  lake  in  north-west 
of  Halkirk  parish,  Caithness.  The  hamlet 
has  a  post  office  under  Thurso,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  52  scholars.    The  lake  is 


about  2  miles  long,  and  sends  off  a  burn  of 
its  own  name  to  Thurso  river. 

CALDER,  Lanarkshire.    See  Caddl:r. 

CALDER,  Nairnshire.    See  Cawdor. 

CALDERBANK,  town  on  North  Calder 
river,  partly  in  Bothwell  parish,  but  chiefly 
in  Old  Monkland,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Airdrie,  and  an  Established 
church  ;  is  adjacent  to  a  rich  mineral  field  ; 
and  was  proposed  near  end  of  1872  to  be 
reached  by  a  branch  railway.    Pop.  1749. 

CALDERBANK,  seat  in  Blantyre  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CALDERBRAES,  suburb  of  Calderbank 
town,  Lanarkshire. 

CALDERCRUIX,  village  with  railway  sta- 
tion, 4|-  miles  east  of  Airdrie,  Lanarkshire. 
Pop.  306. 

CALDER  (EAST),  village  and  parish  on 
west  border  of  Edinburghshire.  The  village 
stands  near  Mid-Calder  railway  station, 
11  miles  west-south- west  of  Edinburgh, 
and  has  a  ruined  ancient  parochial  church ,  a 
United  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  174  scholars.  Pop.  734. 
— The  parish  was  originally  Calder-Clere 
barony,  and  is  now  united  to  Kirknewton. 

CALDERGROVE,  seat  in  Cambuslang 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CALDERHALL,  seat  in  Kirknewton  par- 
ish, Edinburghshire. 

CALDERHAUGH,  place  in  Lochwinnoch 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

CALDERHEAD,  registration  district,  dis- 
joined in  1863  from  Cambusnethan  and 
Shotts,Lanarkshire.  It  has  an  Established 
church.    Pop.  4158. 

CALDER  IRONWORKS,  town  on  North 
Calder  river,  comprising  Calder  Proper  in 
Old  Monkland  parish,  and  New  Carnbroe  in 
Bothwell  parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  2180. 

CALDER  (MID),  village  and  parish  in 
west  of  Edinburghshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Almond  river,  2£  miles  west  of 
railway  station  of  its  own  name,  10  miles 
south-west  of  Edinburgh,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Edinburgh,  a  public 
hall  of  1880,  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  197  scholars.  Pop.  657.— The 
parish  contains  also  the  village  of  Bells - 
quarry,  extends  south-eastward  to  water- 
shed of  Pentland  Hills,  and  is  9  miles 
long,  but  comparatively  narrow.  Acres, 
12,294.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £17,431. 
Pop.  1695.  The  north-western  section  is 
mostly  level  and  fertile  ;  the  south-eastern 
section  ascends  to  the  summits  of  Cairn 
Hills  ;  and  the  total  surface  is  about  one- 
third  arable  and  two  -  thirds  pastoral. 
The  chief  residence  is  Calder  House  ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  a  Roman  camp,  ruins 
of  Cairns  and  Murieston  Castles,  and  the 
ancient  towers  and  battlements  of  Lin- 
house.  Public  schools  are  at  Bellsquarry 
and  Causewayend. 

CALDER  (NORTH),  small  river,  running 
13  miles  south-westward  to  the  Clyde,  at  5 
miles  south-east  of  Glasgow. 


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69 


CAL 


CALDERS,  cliff-screened  small  sea-inlet 
in  Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

CALDERSIDE,  place  on  the  Calder,  in 
Blantyre  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CALDER  (SOUTH),  small  river,  running 
about  11  miles  south-westward  to  the 
Clyde,  at  1\  mile  north  of  Hamilton.  It 
is  crossed,  near  Motherwell,  by  a  lofty 
viaduct  of  Caledonian  Railway. 

CALDER  (WEST),  town  and  parish  in 
extreme  west  of  Edinburghshire.  The 
town  stands  15f  miles  south-west  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  was  only  a  village  with  434  inhabi- 
tants in  1851 ;  rose  rapidly  to  the  condition 
of  a  great  centre  of  industry  ;  flourishes  in 
connection  with  paraffin  works,  collieries, 
and  ironworks  in  an  extensive  tract  around 
it ;  and  has  a  head  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  a  railway 
station,  a  banking  office,  Established,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  and  Eoman  Catholic 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
254  scholars.  Pop.  2291.  —  The  parish 
contains  also  Addiewell  town  and  Gavie- 
side,  Mossend,  and  Cobinshaw  villages. 
Its  length  is  nearly  9  miles ;  its  breadth  from 
1J  to  9  miles ;  its  area  21,089  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £43,846.  Pop.  7681. 
The  surface  has  a  general  elevation  of 
nearly  500  feet  above  sea-level,  and  rises 
in  the  south-east  to  the  watershed  of 
Pentlands.  Bituminous  minerals,  lime- 
stone, and  ironstone  are  plentiful.  The 
chief  residences  are  Hermand,  Harburn, 
and  Limefield ;  and  the  chief  antiquities 
are  an  old  castle  and  remains  of  a  Roman 
camp.  There  are  8  schools  for  1499 
scholars,  and  one  of  them  for  200  is  new. 

CALDERWOOD,  seat  of  Sir  William 
Maxwell,  Bart.,  in  East  Kilbride  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CALDHAM,  hamlet  in  Marykirk  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

CALDRON,  cascade  into  dark  cavern  on 
Lednock  river,  near  Comrie,  Perthshire. 

CALDRON,  series  of  cascades  on  the 
Devon,  near  Crook  of  Devon,  or  meeting- 
point  of  Perthshire  and  Kinross-shire. 

CALDRONLEE,  place,  with  limeworks, 
in  Kirkpatrick-Fleming  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

CALDWELL,  seat  and  railway  station, 
4|  miles  east  of  Beith,  Ayrshire. 

CALEDONIA,  originally  the  mainland  of 
Ross-shire,  and  greater  part  of  the  main- 
land' of  Inverness-shire ;  afterwards  all 
parts  of  the  mainland  of  Scotland  north  of 
the  Forth  and  the  Clyde  ;  subsequently  all 
the  mainland  of  Britain  north  of  the  Tweed, 
or  the  southern  Tyne  and  the  southern 
Eden.  Caledonia,  in  its  ultimate  or  largest 
form,  was  distributed  among  21  tribes  of 
Britons  or  ancient  Caledonians. 

CALEDONIAN  CANAL,  line  of  inland 
navigation  from  head  of  Moray  Firth,  near 
Inverness,  to  middle  of  Loch  Eil,  near 
Fort-William,  Inverness-shire.  It  traverses 
the  Great  Glen ;  includes  22  miles  of 
artificial  cut,  and  38^  miles  through  Lochs 
Dochfour,  Ness,  Oich,  and  Lochy ;  has  a 


minimum  depth  of  17  feet,  so  as  to  serve 
for  sea-borne  vessels;  was  begun  to  be 
formed  in  1803,  but  not  completed  till 
1847  ;  and  cost,  up  to  that  date,  more  than 
£1,256,000. 

CALEDONIAN  RAILWAY,  extensive 
ramified  railway  system  throughout  much 
of  Scotland  into  west  side  of  English 
border.  It  originally  did  no  more  than 
connect  a  large  portion  of  the  southern 
Lowlands  of  Scotland  with  the  English 
railways  at  Carlisle  ;  comprised  only  great 
forks  from  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow  to 
Carstairs,  branches  from  the  Glasgow  fork 
to  south  side  of  Glasgow,  Strathaven,  and 
the  south  border  of  Stirlingshire,  and  a 
main  trunk  from  Carstairs  to  Carlisle ; 
and  was  completed  to  that  extent  in  1848  ; 
but  it  now,  by  amalgamations,  new  lines, 
new  branches,  and  working  connections, 
extends  from  Aberdeen  to  Carlisle,  from 
Oban  to  Edinburgh,  from  Wemyss  Bay  to 
Leith,  from  Lockerby  to  Portpatrick,— has 
connections  with  all  the  other  Scottish 
railway  systems,  the  North  British,  the 
Glasgow  and  South- Western,  the  Highland, 
and  the  Great  North  of  Scotland, — and  thus 
gives  conveyance  from  every  existing  rail- 
way point  in  Scotland  into  communication 
with  the  English  railways  at  Carlisle.  Its 
paid-up  capital  in  1879-80  was  £27,370,193 
in  stock  and  share  capital,  £13,039,680  in 
ordinary  capital,  and  £6,954,976  in  loans 
and  debenture  stock. 

CALF,  islet  near  north-eastern  extremity 
of  Eday  Island,  Orkney. 

CALF,  ARGYLESHIRE.    See  Calve. 

CALFA,  islet  near  Tyree  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

CALF  SOUND,  sea-belt,  with  harbour, 
between  Calf  islet  and  Eday,  Orkney.  A 
hamlet  of  its  own  name,  with  an  inn,  is  on 
its  Eday  side. 

CALGARRY,  seat  and  small  bay  on 
north-west  coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

CALLADER,  lake,  5  miles  south-south- 
east of  Castleto  wn-Braemar,  Aberdeenshire. 

CALLANDER,  town  and  parish  in  south- 
west of  Perthshire.  The  town  stands  on 
river  Teith,  16^  miles  north-west  of  Stir- 
ling ;  has  environs  overhung  or  horizoned 
by  very  striking  Highland  scenery;  is  a 
tourists'  centre,  and  a  summer  retreat  of 
very  high  attraction  ;  comprises  well-built, 
regular,  cleanly  streets  ;  includes  a  noble 
villa  on  ground  believed  to  have  been 
occupied  by  a  Roman  camp  ;  includes  also 
vestiges  of  an  ancient  seat  of  the  Earls  of 
Linlithgow  and  Callander ;  and  has  a  post 
office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Perthshire,  a 
railway  station,  2  banking  offices,  3  hotels, 
public  halls  of  1878,  waterworks  of  1872,  Es- 
tablished, Free,  and  Episcopalian  churches, 
and  a  public  school.  Pop.  1522.  —  The 
parish  measures  about  19  miles  in  length, 
and  5  miles  in  greatest  breadth.  Acres, 
51,186.  Real  property  in  1880  -  81, 
£19,039.    Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2167  ;  quoad 


CAL 


'0 


CAM 


sacra,  1940.  The  vale  of  Teith,  upward 
from  the  town,  overhung  on  the  west  by 
Benledi,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Crag  of 
Callander  and  hills  of  Leny,  and  all  within 
the  eastern  section  of  the  parish,  is  the 
chief  seat  of  population.  The  Crag  of 
Callander  is  a  bold  stupendous  rock,  with 
aspects  strikingly  contrasted  to  that  of  the 
vale.  A  line  along  the  southern  border, 
past  Lochs  Vennachoir and  Achray,  through 
the  Trossachs,  to  upper  part  of  Loch 
Katrine,  teems  with  the  scenery  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake ;  so  also 
does  a  line  from  the  Teith's  vale  up  the 
side  of  Loch  Lubnaig  to  the  northern 
boundary.  Most  other  parts,  and  likewise 
some  screens  of  these  lines,  are  mountainous 
and  heathy.  There  are  3  schools  for 
304  scholars,  and  one  of  them  for  150  is 
new. 

CALLANDER,  seat  near  Falkirk,  Stirling- 
shire. It  is  partly  ancient,  it  belonged  to 
the  Earls  of  Linlithgow,  it  was  frequently 
visited  by  Queen  Mary,  and  it  suffered 
storm  and  capture  by  Cromwell. 

CALLANDER  AND  OBAN  RAILWAY, 
railway  70f  miles  long,  first  northward 
then  curvingly  westward  from  Callander 
in  Perthshire  to  Oban  in  Argyleshire.  It 
was  authorized  in  1865,  terminated  for 
some  time  at  Tyndrum,  and  was  opened 
from  Tyndrum  to  Dalmally  in  1877,  and 
from  Dalmally  to  Oban  in  1880.  It 
curves  from  Callander  into  Pass  of  Leny, 
goes  northward  past  Lochearnhead  and 
through  Glenogle  to  vicinity  of  Killin, 
curves  there  rapidly  to  the  west,  goes  up 
Glendochart  and  Strathfillan  to  Tyndrum, 
descends  past  the  north-west  skirt  of  Ben- 
loy  to  Dalmally,  crosses  Loch  Awe  a  little 
to  the  east  of  Kilchurn  Castle,  sweeps 
thence  round  to  the  Pass  of  Brandir,  has 
a  station  adjacent  to  new  hotel  about  4 
miles  from  Dalmally,  proceeds  down  the 
gorge  of  the  Awe  and  along  the  south  side 
of  Loch  Etive,  and  terminates  contiguously 
to  sea-walls  and  other  works  at  Oban,  com- 
pleted in  1881.  It  belongs,  by  arrange- 
ment, to  the  Caledonian  system. 

CALLENDS,  seat,  hill,  and  burn,  in  New- 
lands  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

CALLERNISH,  tract,  with  village  and 
great  group  of  Caledonian  standing  stones, 
in  Uig  parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CALLIEVAR,  hill,  1747  feet  high,  4  miles 
west  of  Alford,  Aberdeenshire. 

CALLIGRAY.    See  Killigray. 

CALLIOCH,  headland,  with  very  grand 
view,  at  north-western  extremity  of  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

CALLOW,  seat,  a  little  north  of  Tighna- 
bruaich,  Argyleshire. 

CALLUMS,  wooded  hill  in  Crieff  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CALLY,  seat  near  Gatehouse,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

CALLY  (BRIDGE  OF).  See  Bridge  of 
Cally. 

CALLY  (STRONE  OF),  place  in  Ben- 
dochy  parish,  Perthshire. 


CALNADULACH,  village  in  Muckairn 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

CALROSSIE,  seat  in  Logie-Easter  parish, 
Boss-shire. 

CALTON,  eastern  suburb  of  Edinburgh. 
It  once  formed  part  of  Restalrig  barony, 
was  annexed  to  Edinburgh  in  1725,  ranked 
for  a  time  as  a  separate  bailiary,  and  was 
eventually  incorporated  with  the  burgh  of 
Edinburgh.  Its  streets  and  lanes  were 
always  few ;  they  have  suffered  decrease 
of  importance  in  result  of  modern  city 
improvement ;  they  lie  on  the  skirts  or 
at  the  base  of  the  southern  and  western 
sides  of  Calton  Hill ;  and  they  are  desig- 
nated in  two  divisions  as  High  Calton  and 
Low  Calton.  Their  south  side  is  a  narrow 
vale,  dividing  them  from  Canongate  ;  their 
south-west  corner  is  a  gorge,  spanned  by 
Regent  bridge,  and  dividing  them  from 
the  New  Town ;  and  their  side  thence 
north-eastward  is  a  ravine  curving  from 
the  gorge  and  merging  in  the  plain  toward 
Leith.  Calton  Hill,  the  main  feature  of 
the  suburb,  and  now  an  ornate  as  well  as 
very  prominent  feature  of  the  city,  mea- 
sures about  5  furlongs  by  3,  rises  to  an 
altitude  of  344  feet  above  sea-level,  is 
largely  occupied  by  elegant  terraced  streets 
and  ornamental  public  structures,  and 
commands  one  of  the  richest  panoramic 
views  in  Europe. 

CALTON,  suburb,  parish,  and  registra- 
tion district,  in  east  of  Glasgow.  The 
suburb  adjoins  the  eastern  part  of  Glasgow 
Green;  lies  bet  ween  Gallowgate  and  Bridge- 
ton,  and  extends  eastward  to  the  city's 
outskirts ;  includes  numerous  streets  in 
various  alignment ;  is  largely  occupied  by 
factories,  and  by  working-men's  dwelling- 
houses  ;  presents,  on  the  whole,  a  bustling 
and  dingy  appearance ;  and  contains  6 
Established  churches,  4  Free  churches,  4 
United  Presbyterian,  and  6  of  other  deno- 
minations. The  parish  lies  wholly  within 
Glasgow  parliamentary  burgh.  Pop.  39,590. 
Pop.  of  registration  district,  37,448. 

CALVA,  sea-loch  in  Edderachyllis  parish, 
Sutherland. 

CALVE,  islet  at  mouth  of  Tobermory 
harbour,  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CAL  VINE,  place  in  Blair- Athole  parish, 
with  post  office  under  Blair- Athole,  Perth- 
shire. 

CAMA,  lake  in  Assynt  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

CAMBIE,  streamlet,  entering  the  Leven, 
in  Leslie  parish,  Fife. 

CAMBO,  seat  of  Sir  Thomas  Erskine, 
Bart.,  in  Kingsbarns  parish,  Fife. 

CAMBUS,  village  on  the  Forth,  2 
miles  west  of  Alloa,  Clackmannanshire. 
It  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Stirling ;  a 
railway  station,  a  small  harbour,  and  a 
large  distillery. 

CAMBUSBARRON,  town,  1J  mile  south- 
west of  Stirling.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Stirling,  a  mission  church  projected  in 
1876,  a  Free  church,  a  public  school  with 


CAM 


7 


1 


CAM 


about  161  scholars,  and  a  large  woollen 
factory.    Pop.  1135. 

CAMBUSCROSS,  place  near  Isle  Oronsay, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

CAMBUSCURRY,  hill  in  Eddertoun  par- 
ish, Ross-shire. 

CAMBUSDOON,  seat  near  Ayr,  Ayrshire. 

CAMBUSKENNETH,  abbey  and  village  on 
the  Forth,  about  a  mile  east  of  Stirling.  The 
abbey  was  founded  in  1147  by  David  I.  ; 
figured  conjointly  with  Stirling  Castle  in 
some  great  public  affairs ;  was  the  burial 
place  of  James  in.  and  his  queen  ;  is  now  re- 
presented chiefly  by  a  massive  early-pointed 
tower,  70  feet  high  ;  and  contains  a  me- 
morial tomb  of  1865  of  James  in.  and  his 
queen.    Pop.  of  the  village,  217. 

CAMBU SLANG,  town  and  parish  in 
north  of  Lanarkshire.  The  town  stands 
about  \  mile  from  the  Clyde,  4  miles 
south-east  of  Glasgow ;  consists  of  eight 
sections,  or  villages,  on  the  banks  of  a 
picturesque  burn  ;  is  near  a  natural  amphi- 
theatre, used  in  1742  as  a  place  of  worship, 
and  then  the  scene  of  a  religious  revival 
known  as  '  the  Cambuslang  wark ; '  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Glasgow ; 
a  railway  station,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Congregational  churches ; 
and  2  public  schools  with  about  304  scholars. 
Pop.  5538. — The  parish  excludes  a  small  part 
of  the  town,  but  includes  Silverbank,  New- 
ton-Colliery, and  Ridley  wood  villages.  Its 
length  is  4f  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3£ 
miles  ;  its  area  5160  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £56,565.  Pop.  9447.  The 
surface  includes  a  hill -ridge,  with  the 
summits  of  Dechmont  and  Turnlaw ;  de- 
clines thence  in  a  fine  series  of  swells  and 
undulations ;  and  terminates  in  low,  flat 
lands  on  the  Clyde.  Coal  abounds,  and  is 
largely  worked  ;  ironstone  also  is  plentiful. 
Chief  seats  are  Gilbertfield,  Newton,  and 
Caldergrove ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
traces  of  ancient  buildings  on  Dechmont, 
and  a  circular  mound  on  which  stood 
Drumsarguard  Castle.  There  are  5  schools 
for  1017  scholars,  and  2  of  them  and  an 
enlargement  for  680  are  new. 

CAMBUSMICHAEL,  old  parish,  now 
united  to  St.  Martin's,  Perthshire. 

CAMBUSMORE,  seat  on  the  Teith,  about 
2  miles  south-east  of  Callander,  Perth- 
shire. 

CAMBUSNAGLASS,  small  bay  on  west 
side  of  upper  part  of  Loch  Lomond,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 

CAMBUSNETHAN,  town  and  parish  in 
middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  town 
stands  f  mile  east  of  Wishaw,  and  has  an 
Established  church,  a  Free  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  309  scholars. 
Pop.  1829. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
towns  of  Wishaw,  Newmains,  and  Over- 
town,  the  villages  of  Stane,  Morningside, 
Chapel,  Clydesdale  Rows,  Waterloo, 
Bonkle,  and  Stewarton,  and  part  of 
Shotts  Ironworks.  Its  length  is  9f  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  3^  miles ;  its  area 


16,608  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£91,037.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  20,823 ;  quoad 
sacra,  4548.  The  Clyde  bounds  the 
western  end;  the  South  Calder  bounds 
most  of  the  north  -  eastern  side ;  the 
Garrion  burn,  along  a  deep  ravine,  bounds 
the  lower  part  of  the  south-eastern  side  ; 
and  head-streams  of  Briech  water,  running 
into  Linlithgowshire,  drain  the  eastern 
end.  The  lands  adjacent  to  the  Clyde  are 
low,  level,  fertile  haugh ;  those  in  the 
middle  parts  are  variegated  plateau, 
mostly  with  good  argillaceous  soil  ;  and 
those  in  the  east  are  principally  moorish, 
and  rise  to  a  maximum  height  of  about 
900  feet.  Excellent  coal,  ironstone,  and 
sandstone  abound,  and  are  extensively 
worked.  Ironworks,  tileworks,  a  large 
distillery,  and  textile  manufacture  employ 
very  many  hands.  The  chief  seats  are 
Cambusnethan  House,  Wishaw  House, 
Coltness,  Allanton,  and  Muirhouse.  Es- 
tablished churches  are  at  Overtown  and 
Newmains,  a  United  Presbyterian  church 
is  at  Bonkle,  and  churches  of  six  de- 
nominations are  at  Wishaw.  There  are 
10  schools  for  3751  scholars,  and  3  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  1320  are  new. 

CAMBUS  (OLD).    See  Aldcambus. 

CAMBUS  O'MAY,  railway  station  be- 
tween Dinnet  and  Ballater,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

CAMBUSTANE,  hill,  surmounted  by 
monument  105  feet  high,  in  Monikie 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

CAMBUS-VIC-HUSTAN,  small  safe  har- 
bour in  Assynt  parish,  Sutherland. 

CAMBUS-VIC-KER-CHIR,  partially  well- 
sheltered  harbour  in  Assynt  parish, 
Sutherland. 

CAMBUSVRACKAN,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Glenlyon,  Perthshire. 

CAMBUS -WALLACE,  place,  lmile  north- 
west of  Doune,  Perthshire. 

CAMBUS  -  WALLACE,  seat  in  Biggar 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CAMELON,  town  on  Forth  and  Clyde 
Canal,  about  a  mile  west  of  Falkirk, 
Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Falkirk,  and  a  quoad  sacra  parish 
church.  Pop.  of  the  town,  2014;  of  the 
quoad  sacra  parish,  2795. 

CAMELON  (OLD),  spot  on  Carron  river, 
near  Camelon,  Stirlingshire.  A  Roman 
town,  with  harbour,  stood  here,  and 
communicated  by  iter  from  Antoninus' 
Wall  with  the  country  north  of  the  Forth. 

CAMERON,  parish,  with  church,  2,\  miles 
south-south-west  of  St.  Andrews,  Fife. 
Post  town,  St.  Andrews.  Length  and 
extreme  breadth,  each  41  miles ;  area, 
9325  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£11,857.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1003;  quoad 
sacra,  768.  The  surface  presents  an 
undulating  appearance,  but  includes 
Drumcarro  Hill.  Coal,  limestone,  and  sand- 
stone are  plentiful.  The  chief  seat  is 
Mount  Melville.  A  United  Presbyterian 
church  is  at  Lathones,  and  public  schools 


CAM 


72 


CAM 


are  near  the  parochial  church,  and  at 
Radernie  and  Denhead. 

CAMERON,  seat  on  west  side,  near  foot 
of  Loch  Lomond,  Dumbartonshire. 

CAMERON  BRIDGE,  hamlet,  1|  mile 
south  of  Edinburgh. 

CAMERON  BRIDGE,  village  on  Leven 
river,  2  miles  west  of  Leven,  Fife.  It  has 
a  railway  station  and  a  large  distillery. 

CAMILLA,  lake  in  Auchtertool  parish, 
Fife. 

CAMISENDUN,  bay,  with  prime  anchor- 
age, in  Loch  Eriboll,  Durness  parish, 
Sutherland. 

CAMLACHIE,  suburb,  mile  east  of 
cross  of  Glasgow.  It  connects  the  City 
proper  v/ith  Parkhead  suburb,  is  inhabited 
chiefly  by  operatives,  presents  a  dingy 
unpleasant  appearance,  has  an  Established 
church  and  a  Free  church,  and  gives  name 
to  a  registration  district.  Pop.  of  the 
district,  37,933. 

CAMMACHMORE,  estate  in  Fetteresso 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

CAMMUSMORE,  bay  in  Kilmuir  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

CAMP,  castles  in  Craigie  parish,  Ayr- 
shire ;  in  Roberton  parish,  Roxburghshire  ; 
in  Aberlemno  parish,  Forfarshire  ;  and  on 
Turin  Hill,  in  Rescobie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

CAMP,  hills  in  Dairy  parish,  Ayrshire ; 
in  Yetholm  parish,  Roxburghshire ;  in 
Cathcart  parish,  Renfrewshire ;  and  in 
Lumphanan  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CAMPBELL  (CASTLE).  See  Castle 
Campbell. 

CAMPBELTON,  town  and  parish  in 
Kintyre  district,  Argyleshire.  The  town 
stands  at  head  of  sea-loch  of  its  own  name, 
12  miles  in  direct  line  north-east  of  Mull 
of  Kintyre,  and  35  by  water  west-south- 
west of  Ayr  ;  was  the  original  capital  of 
Dalriada,  and  was  then  called  Dalruadh- 
ain ;  lost  some  importance  by  removal  of 
the  royal  court  to  Dunstaffnage  ;  became 
the  centre  of  the  extensive  missionary 
operations  of  St.  Kiaran ;  shared  after- 
wards the  prosperity  attending  the  rise  of 
the  Macdonalds,  Lords  of  the  Isles ;  was 
either  renovated  or  rebuilt  by  them,  and 
acquired  then  a  strong  castle  called  Kin- 
loch-Kerran  ;  gave  such  trouble  to  James 
v.  in  his  contests  with  the  Macdonalds  as 
induced  him  to  make  a  grant  of  it,  and  of 
the  surrounding  country,  to  the  family  of 
Argyle ;  and  in  course  of  time  was  greatly 
improved  under  their  administration,  and 
changed  its  old  name  for  that  of  Camp- 
belton.  Its  sea-loch  is  about  2  miles  long 
and  about  1  mile  broad,  is  a  singularly 
excellent  natural  harbour,  and  has  good 
piers  and  prime  anchorage.  The  town 
curves  round  the  head  of  the  loch  in  the 
manner  of  a  crescent ;  presents,  with  its 
outskirts,  a  very  pleasant  appearance ; 
possesses,  in  centre  of  its  main  street, 
a  highly  interesting  sculptured  ancient 
granite  cross ;  ranks  as  a  royal  and  par- 
liamentary burgh,  uniting  with  Ayr, 
Irvine,  Inverary,  and  Oban  in  sending  a 


member  to  Parliament ;  is  a  head  port  and 
the  head  station  of  one  of  the  twenty-five 
fishery  districts  of  Scotland ;  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  3  bank- 
ing offices,  2  hotels,  2  Established  churches, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Episcopa- 
lian, and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  4 
public  schools,  acquired  subsequent  to 
1876,  new  waterworks,  and  extended 
harbour  works  ;  publishes  2  weekly  news- 
papers ;  and  carries  on  a  vast  trade  in  the 
distilling  and  exporting  of  whisky.  The 
shipping  of  the  port  in  1879  amounted  to 
918  British  vessels  of  87,165  tons,  and  15 
foreign  vessels  of  2014  tons,  inward ;  and 
909  British  vessels  of  86,206  tons,  and  15 
foreign  vessels  of  2013  tons,  outward. 
Real  property  of  the  burgh  in  1880-81, 
£27,339.  Pop.  7558.— The  parish  contains 
also  the  villages  of  Dalintober  and  Drum- 
lemble,  and  comprehends  the  four  old  par- 
ishes of  Kilkerran,  Kilkivan,  Kilchusland, 
and  Kilmichael.  Its  length  is  12^  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  6  miles ;  its  area 
44,220  acres.  Real  property  of  landward 
part  in  1880-81,  £29,866.  Pop.  9620. 
The  limits  include  Devaar  islet  across  the 
mouth  of  Campbelton  loch  ;  include  also 
Ardnacross,  small  bay  6  miles  to  the 
north  ;  and  extend  westward  to  the  Atlan- 
tic. A  plain,  about  4  miles  long  and  3 
miles  broad,  and  not  higher  than  40  feet 
above  sea-level,  extends  westward  from 
the  town  to  head  of  Machirhanish  bay ; 
and  hill  tracts  rise  from  the  sides  of  that 
plain  to  the  northern  and  the  southern 
boundaries,  and  attain  elevations  of  from 
800  to  about  1154  feet.  Coal  and  por- 
phyry have  been  worked.  Plantations 
are  on  the  estates  of  Kildalloig,  Knock- 
rioch,  Drummore,  Oatfield,  Ascomil,  and 
Limecraigs.  There  are  10  schools  for 
1600  scholars,  and  2  of  them  and  2  en- 
largements for  810  are  new. 

CAMPBELTON,  coast  village,  1J  mile 
south-east  of  Fort-George,  Inverness-shire. 
It  has  a  chalybeate  spring,  a  hotel,  and 
a  United  Presbyterian  church.  Pop. 
668. 

CAMPERDOWN,  railway  station,  and 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Camperdown,  5 j  miles 
north-west  of  Dundee. 

CAMPFIELD,  hamlet  in  Kincardine 
O'Neil  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Aberdeen,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  80  scholars. 

CAMPHILL,  village,  seat,  and  wooded 
height,  in  Cathcart  parish,  Renfrewshire. 
The  village  is  a  recently  erected  suburb  of 
Glasgow,  and  has  an  elegant  United  Pres- 
byterian church.  The  height  has  vestiges 
of  a  Roman  camp,  and  commands  a  very 
fine  view. 

CAMP-KNOW,  conical  hillock,  anciently 
surrounded  by  a  ditch,  in  Blantyre  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CAMPLE,  rivulet,  running  about  8  miles 
to  the  Nith,  near  Thornhill,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

CAMPMUIR,  hamlet  near  vestiges  of 


CAM 


73 


CAN 


ancient  camp,  in  Kettins  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

CAMPMUIR,  place,  with  traces  of  ancient 
camp,  in  Langton  parish,  Berwickshire. 

CAMPS,  affluent  of  the  Clyde,  at  Craw- 
ford village,  Lanarkshire. 

CAMPSAILE,  bay,  with  prime  anchor- 
age, on  south-west  side  of  Gareloch, 
miles  west  of  Helensburgh,  Dumbarton- 
shire. 

CAMPSIE,  village  and  parish  on  south 
border  of  Stirlingshire.  The  village  stands 
at  mouth  of  Kirkton  Glen,  mile  north- 
west of  Lennoxtown  ;  bears  the  name  of 
Clachan  of  Campsie ;  and  has  a  public 
school  with  about  62  scholars,  and 
remains  of  the  old  parochial  church. 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  town  of 
Lennoxtown,  and  the  villages  of  Haughead, 
Milton,  Torrance,  Balgrochan,  Craighead, 
Antermony,  and  Birdston.  Its  length  is 
about  7  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about 
5  miles  ;  its  area  17,872  acres.  Beal  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £30,820.  Pop.  5873. 
The  southern  district  is  bounded  by  the 
river  Kelvin,  includes  part  of  the  great 
strath  traversed  by  Forth  and  Clyde  Canal, 
has  much  breadth  in  the  east  but  contracts 
toward  the  west,  and  is  all  an  undulating 
plain.  The  western  district,  immediately 
north  of  narrow  part  of  that  plain,  is  a 
hill-range  called  the  South  Brae,  with 
extreme  altitude  of  about  700  feet  above 
sea-level.  The  northern  district  is  all  a 
part  of  the  Lennox  Hills,  bears  the  name 
of  Campsie  Fells,  culminates  at  an  alti- 
tude of  1894  feet  above  sea-level,  and  com- 
prises glens,  ravines,  and  crags  of  strikingly 
picturesque  character,  including  miniature 
resemblances  to  the  Trossachs,  and  forming 
a  popular  holiday  resort.  Coal,  limestone, 
and  aluminous  minerals  abound,  and  are 
extensively  worked ;  and  many  kinds  of 
industry  are  skilfully  carried  on.  The 
chief  seats  are  Lennox  Castle,  Craigbarnet, 
Bancleroche,  Kincaid,  Antermony,  Glorat, 
and  Auchinreoch ;  and  chief  antiquities 
are  traces  of  two  ancient  Caledonian  forts. 
Established,  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
and  Boman  Catholic  churches  are  in 
Lennoxtown.  There  are  7  schools  for 
1166  scholars,  and  2  of  the  schools  and  2 
enlargements  for  555  are  new. 

CAMPSIE  FELLS,  section  of  Lennox 
Hills,  within  Campsie  parish,  Stirlingshire. 
But  the  name  is  sometimes  given  to  a 
wider  section  of  these  hills,  and  sometimes 
to  the  entire  range. 

CAMPSIE  GLEN,  railway  station  near 
Campsie  village,  Stirlingshire. 

CAMPSIE  LINN,  cataract  on  the  Tay,  a 
short  distance  north  of  Stanley,  Perth- 
shire. It  figures  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth. 

CAMPSTER,  place  in  south-west  of  Wick 
parish,  Caithness. 

CAMPTOWN,  place  near  vestiges  of 
ancient  camp  in  Jedburgh  parish,  Box- 
burghshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Jedburgh. 


CAMSERNY,  stream,  with  cascade,  in 
Dull  parish,  Perthshire. 

CAMSTRADDEN,  bay  and  residence  on 
Loch  Lomond,  in  Luss  parish,  Dumbarton- 
shire. 

CAMUS-ESKAN,  seat  near  Helensburgh, 
Dumbartonshire. 

CANAAN,  handsome  modern  suburb, 
between  Bruntsfield  Links  and  Morning- 
side,  on  south  side  of  Edinburgh. 

CANDACRAIG,  seat  in  Strathdon  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CANDAR,  rivulet  entering  the  Avon  at 
1^  mile  south-east  of  Stonehouse,  Lanark- 
shire. 

CANDICK,  headland  at  south-east  ex- 
tremity of  Walls,  Orkney.  A  lighthouse 
is  on  it,  with  revolving  light  visible  at  the 
distance  of  15  nautical  miles. 

CANDIDA  CASA.    See  Whithorn. 

CANDLESTICK,  cavern  in  Duirinish  par- 
ish, Isle  of  Skye. 

CANDREN,  medicinal  spring,  1\  miles 
east  of  Paisley,  Benfrewshire. 

CANDY,  burn  entering  Biggar  river  at 
boundary  between  Lanarkshire  and  Peebles- 
shire. 

CANISBAY,  parish  in  north-east  corner 
of  Caithness.  It  has  a  post  office  of  its 
own  name  under  Wick ;  contains  Houna 
and  Mey  hamlets,  John  o'  Groat's  House, 
and  Duncansby,  Freswick,  and  Gills  town- 
ships ;  forms  the  north-eastern  extremity 
of  mainland  of  Scotland;  and  includes 
Stroma  Island  in  Pentland  Firth.  It 
measures,  on  the  mainland,  8  miles  of 
eastern  coast,  11  miles  of  northern  coast, 
and  12f  miles  of  inland  boundary.  Beal 
property  in  1880-81,  £5902.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  2626;  quoad  sacra,  2373.  The 
eastern  coast  has  a  sandy  beach  at  Fres- 
wick Bay,  but  is  elsewhere  bold  and 
precipitous,  and  terminates  in  the  grand 
circular  promontory  of  Duncansby  Head  ; 
the  north  coast  is  more  level,  yet  has 
pieces  of  considerably  high  rock,  and 
includes  Mey  Head ;  and  the  interior  is 
remarkably  level,  and  rises  nowhere  higher 
than  about  300  feet  on  Ward  or  Watch 
Hill.  The  residences  are  Barrogill  Castle, 
the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Caithness,  West 
Canisbay  House,  and  the  relinquished 
mansions  of  Brabster  and  Freswick;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  ruins  of  Bucholie 
Castle,  and  remains  or  traces  of  ancient 
churches.  The  present  churches  are 
Established  and  Free ;  and  there  are  7 
schools  for  502  scholars. 

CANISP,  lofty  mountain  in  Assynt  par- 
ish, Sutherland. 

CANNA,  island,  7>\  miles  north-west  of 
Bum,  and  12  miles  south-west  of  nearest 
point  of  Skye,  Inner  Hebrides.  Sanda 
Island  is  nearly  contiguous  to  it  on  the 
east,  and  some  stacks  and  skerries  are 
adjacent.  It  and  they  form  a  group  4| 
miles  long  and  2  miles  broad ;  consist  of 
eruptive  rocks  from  100  to  800  feet  high ; 
and  exhibit  striking  features  of  cliff, 
natural    tower,    and    basaltic  terrace. 


CAN 


74 


CAP 


Canna  has  a  post  office  under  Greenock. 
Pop.  48. 

CANNACHY  BRIDGE,  place  on  the 
North  Esk,  in  Edzell  parish,  Forfarshire. 

CANNICH,  small  river,  running  about 
14  miles  north-eastward  and  eastward  into 
confluence  with  the  Affrick  to  form  the 
Glass  in  north-west  of  Inverness-shire.  A 
hamlet  of  its  own  name  is  on  it  in  Kil- 
morack  parish,  and  has  a  public  school 
with  about  34  scholars. 

CANNISBURN,  hamlet  in  New  Kil- 
patrick  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

CANNOR,  lake  in  Glenmuick  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  An  islet  in  it  was  formerly 
crowned  with  a  fortified  hunting-seat  of 
Malcolm  Canmore. 

CANNY,  burn  entering  left  side  of  the 
Dee,  in  Banchory-Ternan  parish,  Kincar- 
dineshire. 

CANONBIE,  village  and  parish  on  east 
border  of  Dumfriesshire.  The  village 
stands  on  the  river  Esk,  6  miles  south-by- 
east  of  Langholm,  and  has  a  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments,  de- 
signated of  Dumfriesshire,  a  railway  station, 
an  Established  church,  a  Free  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  218  scholars. — 
The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of  Bow- 
anburn  and  Forgebraehead,  and  is  9  miles 
long  and  miles  broad.  Acres,  24,142. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £14,123.  Pop. 
2723.  The  central  tract,  along  the  Esk,  is 
flat ;  the  tracts  thence,  east  and  west,  are 
diversified  by  ridges  ;  and  the  tract  in  the 
north-east  is  hilly.  Coal,  limestone,  and 
sandstone  abound,  and  are  largely  worked. 
The  chief  residences  are  Woodhouselees, 
Forge,  Marsh  House,  Crookholm,  and 
Woodslee  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are 
remains  of  a  Roman  station,  vestiges  of  an 
ancient  priory,  the  walls  of  Hollows  and 
Harelaw  towers,  famous  in  the  history 
of  Border  raids,  and  sites  of  5  other 
mediaeval  Border  towers.  There  are  5 
schools  for  606  scholars,  and  2  of  them  and 
an  enlargement  for  170  are  new. 

CANONGATE,  suburb  and  parish  at  east 
end  of  Edinburgh.  The  suburb  originated 
in  the  erection  of  Holyrood  Abbey  ;  it  was 
largely  occupied  first  by  retainers  of  the 
Abbey,  next  by  retainers  of  the  royal 
court ;  it  then  possessed  much  splendour, 
and  contained  many  noble  mansions  ;  it 
suffered  great  devastation  by  the  English 
in  1544,  underwent  grand  reconstruction, 
and  continued  to  be  much  inhabited  by 
the  nobility  till  the  National  Union  ;  and 
it  then  began  to  be  occupied  mainly  by 
the  operative  classes,  and  thenceforth 
declined  rapidly  into  a  condition  of  poverty 
and  squalor.  It  was  long  so  divided  from 
Edinburgh  by  an  open  tract  as  to  be  a 
separate  town,  but  it  eventually  grew  into 
strict  contiguity  with  all  the  eastern  end 
of  the  Old  City  ;  it  now,  in  its  main  street, 
or  Canongate  proper,  extends  from  the 
palace  yard  of  Holyrood  to  the  foot  of 
Netherbow,  and  measures  in  that  line 
about  650  yards ;  it  is  winged,  on  both 


sides  of  its  main  street,  with  numerous 
narrow  alleys  or  closes  ;  it  has  there  also, 
in  the  same  length  and  direction  as  the 
closes,  5  modern  or  renovated  streets ; 
and  it  likewise  includes  the  two  flanking 
thoroughfares  of  North  Back  and  South 
Back,  and  the  salient  thoroughfares  of 
Watergate,  Abbeyhill,  St.  John's  Hill, 
and  Pleasance.  Its  most  noticeable  build- 
ings are  several  quondam  noble  mansions 
now  in  a  state  of  utter  decadence, — Queens- 
berry  House,  quondam  mansion  of  the 
Dukes  of  Queensberry,  now  the  House  of 
Eefuge  for  the  Destitute ;  Moray  House, 
quondam  mansion  of  the  Earls  of  Moray, 
now  the  Normal  School  of  the  Free 
Church  ;  the  Tolbooth,  a  curious  edifice  of 
1591 ;  3  Established  churches,  4  Free 
churches,  a  United  Presbyterian  church, 
an  Episcopalian  church  ;  a  public  school  of 
1878,  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  £7400  ;  and 
Queensberry  Lodge,  a  genteel  female 
reformatory  erected  in  1866.  The  parish 
includes  also  Holyrood  and  Arthur's  Seat. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81  of  landward 
part,  £364.    Pop.  of  the  whole,  9908. 

CANONGATE  (NEW),  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Canongate,  Edinburgh. 

CANONMILLS,  small  old  suburb  on 
Water  of  Leith,  contiguous  to  northern 
outskirts  of  New  Town  of  Edinburgh.  It 
originated  in  the  erection  of  corn  mills  for 
the  vassals  of  the  canons  of  Holyrood  ;  it 
was  then,  and  continued  till  modern  times, 
about  a  mile  from  the  city ;  and  it  now 
presents  a  mixture  of  old  features,  par- 
ticularly large  flour  mills,  with  modern 
buildings.  A  public  school  for  it  and 
adjacent  places  was  completed  in  1880  at 
a  cost  of  less  than  £7000,  and  has  accom- 
modation for  about  800  scholars. 

CANT,  hill  in  Shotts  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CANTICK.    See  Candick. 

CANTLAY,  hill  with  large  cairn  in 
Fetteresso  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

CANTRAY,  seat  on  river  Nairn,  in  Croy 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

CANTSDAM,  public  school,  with  about 
274  scholars,  in  Beath  parish,  Fife. 

CANTY,  bay,  3  miles  east  of  North  Ber- 
wick, Haddingtonshire. 

CANTYRE.    See  Kintyre. 

CAOL,  sea-loch  in  Kilfinichen  parish, 
Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CAOLISPORT.    See  Killisport. 

CAOLVALLOCH,  hamlet  in  Weem  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

CAPEHOPE,  streamlet  and  vale  in 
Hounam  parish,  Eoxburghshire. 

CAPEL,  mountain  at  head  of  Glenesk, 
Forfarshire. 

CAPELAW,  one  of  the  Pentland  Hills, 
in  Colinton  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

CAPEL  FELL,  mountain  adjacent  to 
source  of  Ettrick  river,  on  south-west 
verge  of  Selkirkshire. 

CAPELRIG,  seat  in  north  of  Mearns 
parish.  Eenfrewshire. 

CAPENOCH,  seat  and  hill  in  Keir  parish » 
Dumfriesshire. 


CAP 


75 


CAR 


CAPE  WRATH,  massive,  bold,  pyramidal 
headland,  about  300  feet  high,  at  north- 
western extremity  of  mainland  of  Scotland. 
A  lighthouse  is  on  it,  erected  in  1828  at  a 
cost  of  £14,000,  and  shows  a  revolving 
light  visible  at  the  distance  of  25  nautical 
miles. 

CAPPLA,  headstream  of  the  Ae,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

CAPRINGTON,  castellated  seat  about  a 
mile  west  of  Riccarton,  Ayrshire. 

CAPUTH,  village  in  Perthshire,  and  par- 
ish partly  also  in  Forfarshire.  The  village 
stands  on  the  Tay,  5  miles  south-east  of 
Dunkeld,  and  contains  the  parochial 
church. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
post  office  villages  of  Meikleour  and 
Spittalfield,  the  villages  of  Craigie,  Fun- 
garth,  and  Kincairnie,  and  part  of  the 
post  town  of  Dunkeld  ;  and  consists  of  a 
main  body  and  9  detached  districts  in 
Perthshire,  and  3  detached  districts  in 
Forfarshire.  The  main  body  lies  wholly 
in  Stormont,  and  measures  about  13  miles 
in  length,  and  from  2  to  7  miles  in  breadth. 
The  Perthshire  detached  districts  are  Bal- 
holmie,  within  Cargill ;  Gormack,  within 
Kinloch  ;  Craigtown,  within  Kirkmichael ; 
South  Bandirran,  within  Collace;  and  Logie, 
Cairns,  Chapelton,  Meadows,  and  Crofty, 
within  Clunie ;  and  the  Forfarshire  de- 
tached districts  are  Balbeuchly,  within 
Auchterhouse ;  Broughty  Castle,  near 
Dundee  ;  and  Fofarty,  within  Kinnettles. 
Acres  in  Perthshire,  18,922;  in  Forfar- 
shire, 567.  Real .  property  in  1880-81 
of  the  Perthshire  parts,  £19,722.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  2096 ;  quoad  sacra,  all  in 
Perthshire,  2031.  The  main  body  com- 
prises the  greater  part  of  the  rich 
champaign  of  Stormont,  and  includes 
picturesque  uplands  to  the  north  and  the 
north-west.  Roofing  slate  is  worked,  and 
limestone  abounds.  The  chief  seats  are 
Delvine,  Meikleour,  Glendelvine,  Snaigow, 
Stenton,  Kincairney,  and  Hillhead  ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  cairns,  Caledonian 
stone  circles,  Pictish  forts,  and  Roman 
camps.  There  are  6  schools  with  accom- 
modation for  318  scholars. 

CARA,  island  about  a  mile  south  of 
Gigha,  Argyleshire.  Its  circuit  is  about  3 
miles  ;  and  its  south  end,  called  the  Mull 
of  Cara,  is  a  mural  rock  117  feet  high, 
pierced  with  a  large  cave.    Pop.  4. 

CARALDSTON,  or  CARESTON,  parish, 
averagely  4^  miles  west  of  Brechin,  For- 
farshire. It  has  a  post  office  under 
Brechin.  Acres,  2085.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £2697.  Pop.  194.  The  land 
lies  around  the  confluence  of  the  South 
Esk  and  the  Noran,  and  has  a  deep, 
fertile  soil.  Caraldston  or  Careston 
Castle,  an  edifice  chiefly  of  early  part  of 
15th  century,  is  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Fife.  The  public  school  has  about  55 
scholars. 

CARBERRY,  hill  and  old  baronial  man- 
sion, 2  miles  south-east  of  Musselburgh, 
Edinburghshire.     The  hill  was  the  place 


of  Queen  Mary's  surrender  in  1567 ;  and 
the  mansion  is  the  seat  of  Lord  Elphin- 
stone. 

CARBERRY,  farm,  with  supposed  site  of 
Roman  station,  in  Dysart  parish,  Fife. 

CARBETH,  seat  in  Killearn  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

CARBETH  -  GUTHRIE,  seat  in  Strath- 
blane  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

CARBOST,  place  on  Loch  Harport,  Isle 
of  Skye.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Broadford,  and  a 
distillery. 

CARBROOK,  seat  in  Dunipace  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

CARBUDDO,  or  KIRKBUDDO,  southern 
section  of  Guthrie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

CARBY,  isolated  hill,  2  miles  south  of 
Newcastleton,  Roxburghshire.  It  has  a 
circular  camp  with  8  concentric  walls, 
and  it  commands  an  extensive  panoramic 
view. 

CARDEN,  mountain,  2218  feet  high,  in 
Kilbucho  section  of  Broughton  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

CARDENDEN,  village  and  glen  in  south 
of  Auchterderran  parish,  Fife.  The  village 
stands  9f  miles  east-north-east  of  Dun- 
fermline, and  has  a  railway  station.  Pop. 
147.  The  glen  is  in  the  basin  of  Ore 
river,  and  is  wide,  unwooded,  and  fertile, 
and  has  rich  substrata  of  coal. 

CARDERROCH,  part  of  Cadder  estate, 
in  Cadder  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CARDONALD,  estate,  with  railway  sta- 
tion and  with  site  of  picturesque  old 
castle,  3  miles  east  of  Paisley,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

CARDONALD  MILLS,  village  in  vicinity 
of  Cardonald  station,  Renfrewshire. 

CARDONESS,  seat  of  Sir  William  Max- 
well, Bart.,  in  Anwoth  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. Cardoness  Castle,  a  tall 
ancient  tower,  is  in  its  vicinity. 

CARDOWAN,  place,  with  Roman  Catholic 
chapel,  near  Stepps  railway  station,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

CARDRONA,  seat  and  railway  station  on 
the  Tweed,  3j  miles  east-south-east  of 
Peebles. 

CARDROSS,  village  and  parish  on  north 
side  of  the  Clyde  in  Dumbartonshire.  The 
village  stands  3  miles  west-north -west  of 
Dumbarton,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Dumbartonshire,  a  railway 
station,  a  drill  hall,  an  Established  church, 
a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
150  scholars.  Pop.  521.  The  parish  contains 
also  Renton  town  and  part  of  Dumbarton, 
and  is  7f  miles  long  and  2J  miles  broad. 
Acres,  8264.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£27,189.  Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  9365 ;  quoad 
sacra,  1342.  The  surface  includes  the  fine 
wooded  promontory  of  Ardmore,  rises  gradu- 
ally from  the  Clyde  and  the  Leven,  and  is 
bordered  by  a  hill -ridge  with  extreme 
altitude  of  943  feet.  The  seats -are  Ard- 
more, Keppoch,  Bloomhill,  and  Camus- 
Eskan;  and  a  spot  of  great  antiquarian 


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76 


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interest  is  the  site  of  the  castle  in  which 
King  Robert  Bruce  died.  There  are  public 
schools  for  694  scholars,  and  enlargements 
of  them  for  460  are  new. 

CARDROSS,  seat  in  Port-of-Menteith 
parish,  Perthshire. 

CARDRYNE,  place  in  Kirkmaiden  par- 
ish, Wigtonshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  88  scholars. 

CARESTON.    See  Caraldston. 

CARFIN,  town  and  mansion  on  South 
Calder  river,  near  Cleland,  Lanarkshire. 
The  town  carries  on  much  trade  in  connec- 
tion with  rich  surrounding  mineral  field,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Motherwell,  and  a  rail- 
way station.   Pop.,  with  Cleekhimin,  1428. 

CARFRAE,  farm,  with  site  of  ancient, 
large,  circular  fortification,  in  Garvald 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

CARFRAE  MILL,  place,  5|  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Lauder,  Berwickshire. 

CARGEN,  rivulet,  running  about  8  miles 
eastward  to  the  Nith,  in  north-east  of 
Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  enters  the  Nith 
at  3 J  miles  south  of  Dumfries ;  and  the 
seats  of  Cargen  and  Cargenholm  are  on  it 
near  its  mouth. 

CARGILL,  village  and  parish  on  eastern 
border  of  Perthshire.  The  village  stands 
near  the  Tay,  j  mile  south-west  of  influx 
of  the  Isla,  and  11^  miles  north-north-east 
of  Perth ;  and  has  a  railway  station,  a 
parochial  church,  and  a  Free  church. — The 
parish  contains  also  the  post  office  village 
of  Burrelton,  and  the  villages  of  Woodside 
and  Wolfhill,  and  measures  about  6J  miles 
by  3.  Acres,  9495.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £12,997.  Pop.  1348.  The 
surface  rises  gradually  for  about  a  mile 
from  the  Tay,  extends  from  rolling  plain 
to  Sidlaw  Hills,  and  exhibits  a  charming 
appearance.  Chief  objects  of  interest  are 
the  quondam  noble  mansion  of  Stobhall,the 
ruins  of  an  ancient  dependency  of  Coupar 
Abbey,  and  vestiges  of  a  Roman  station. 
There  are  2  public  schools  for  276  scholars, 
and  an  enlargement  of  one  of  them  for 
143  is  new. 

CARINGTON.    See  Carrington. 

CARINISH,  village  on  east  side  of  North 
Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Lochmaddy,  an  Established 
church,  served  by  a  minister  on  the  Royal 
Bounty,  and  a  Free  church.    Pop.  228. 

CARITY,  rivulet,  running  about  9  miles 
eastward  to  the  South  Esk,  at  3  miles 
north-north-east  of  Kirriemuir,  Forfar- 
shire. 

CARLAVEROCK.    See  Caerlaverock. 
CARLEBAR,  seat  near  Barrhead,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

CARLETON,  bay,  hill,  and  ruined  old 
fortalice,  in  Colmonell  parish,  Ayrshire. 

CARLINTOOTH,  mountain,  1801  feet 
high,  on  mutual  border  of  Southdean  and 
Castleton  parishes,  Roxburghshire. 

CARLINWARK,  lake  and  seat  adjacent 
to  Castle-Douglas,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CARLOGIE,  seat  in  Aboyne  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 


CARLONAN,  cascade  on  Aray  rivulet, 
near  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 

CARLOPS,  village,  14  miles  south  of 
Edinburgh.    It  has  a  Free  church. 

CARLOWAY,  village  in  Lochs  parish, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Stornoway,  and  a  Free  church. 
Pop.  316. 

CARLOWS,  cascade  on  the  Tweed,  in 
Tweedsmuir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

CARLTON,  hill  in  Glasserton  parish, 
"Wigtonshire. 

CARLUKE,  town  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  town  stands 
near  Caledonian  Railway,  adjacent  to  pic- 
turesque ravine,  amid  a  fine  tabular  tract, 
19J  miles  east-south-east  of  Glasgow.  It 
dates  from  old  times,  went  long  into 
decay,  and  rose  in  modern  times  into  well- 
built,  pleasant,  prosperous  condition.  It 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments, a  railway  station,  2  bank- 
ing offices,  3  hotels,  good  waterworks, 
opened  in  January  1880;  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Original  Seces- 
sion, Evangelical  Union,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  all  modern  or  quite 
recent ;  an  evangelistic  hall  of  1879  ;  a 
public  school  of  1877,  for  600  scholars  ;  and 
a  quondam  parochial  school,  then  con- 
verted into  an  infant  school ;  and  it 
conducts  much  business  in  connection 
with  a  rich  surrounding  mineral  field. 
Pop.  3867.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
the  villages  of  Braidwood,  Law,  Kilcad- 
zow,  and  Yieldshields.  Its  length  is  8 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  4^  miles ;  its 
area  15,345  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £48,911.  Pop.  8552.  The  south- 
western boundary  is  all  traced  by  the 
Clyde,  and  the  interior  is  traversed  by 
little  affluents  along  deep  ravines.  The 
tracts  adjacent  to  the  Clyde  are  low,  rich 
lands,  either  alluvial  or  argillaceous, 
largely  covered  with  orchards  and  woods  ; 
the  central  tracts  are  plateau,  averagely 
about  450  feet  high,  varied  by  roundish 
hills,  and  mostly  under  the  plough ;  and 
the  north-eastern  tracts  are  chiefly  ascend- 
ing, bleak,  barren  moor.  Mauldslie  Castle 
and  Milton  Lockhart  are  chief  residences  ; 
and  Hallbar,  a  square  tower  in  a  romantic 
dell,  is  the  principal  antiquity.  An  Estab- 
lished church  of  1880,  and  a  Free  church 
of  1879,  are  in  Law.  11  schools  are  in  the 
parish,  and  have  accommodation  for  1315 
scholars. 

CARMACOUP,  estate  in  Douglas  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CARMAN,  hill-summit  in  Cardross  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire. 

CARMEL,  rivulet,  running  about  10 
miles  south  -  westward  to  Irvine  river, 
about  3  miles  above  Irvine  town,  Ayr- 
shire. 

CARMICHAEL,  parish  in  upper  ward  of 
Lanarkshire.  Its  post  town  is  Thankerton. 
Its  length  is  nearly  6  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  5j  miles ;  its  area  11,314  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £9091.   Pop.  770. 


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The  surface  includes  part  of  Tinto 
Mountain,  and  descends  thence,  with 
much  diversity  of  hill  and  vale,  to  the 
rivers  Clyde  and  Douglas.  The  rocks 
include  excellent  coal  and  limestone. 
Carmichael  House  belonged  to  the  Earl 
of  Hyndford,  and  is  now  a  seat  of 
Sir  W.  C.  J.  Carmichael  Anstruther, 
Bart.  The  public  school  has  about  56 
scholars. 

CARMOUNT,  moor  and  hill  on  mutual 
border  of  Dunnottar  and  Glenbervie  par- 
ishes, Kincardineshire. 

CARMUNNOCK,  village  and  parish  on 
north-west  border  of  Lanarkshire.  The 
village  stands  3^  miles  south-south-west  of 
Butherglen,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow,  a  parochial  church  with  470 
sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  about  103 
scholars.  Pop.  315. — The  parish  measures 
about  5  miles  by  2,  and  comprises  3479 
acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £7599. 
Pop.  722.  The  surface  includes  part  of 
Cathkin  Hill,  commanding  a  most  magni- 
ficent view,  and  is  all  beautifully  diversi- 
fied with  hill  and  dale.  The  seats  are 
Cathkin  House  and  Castlemilk,  and  the 
antiquities  are  remains  of  a  Eoman  road 
and  a  Roman  camp. 

CARMYLE,  village  on  the  Clyde,  4J 
miles  south-east  of  Glasgow.  It  is  beauti- 
fully situated,  and  has  a  railway  station. 
Pop.  484. 

CARMYLIE,  parish,  averagely  6J  miles 
west-by-north  of  Arbroath,  Forfarshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Arbroath.  Its 
length  is  about  5  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
about  3f  miles  ;  its  area  7553  acres.  Eeal 
property  in  1880  -  81,  £8838.  Pop.  1137. 
The  land  consists  of  skirts  and  vales  of 
south-eastern  Sidlaws,  presents  no  bold  I 
feature  or  lofty  height,  and,  with  excep-  j 
tion  of  one  summit,  is  all  under  the  j 
plough.  Flagstone  quarries  in  it  have 
been  worked  for  several  centuries,  produce 
now  about  150  tons  of  flags  per  day,  and 
have  a  railway  for  carrying  them  to 
Arbroath.  The  seats  are  Guynd  and 
Conansythe ;  and  the  antiquities  are 
vestiges  and  sites  of  cairns  and  Caledonian 
standing  stones  and  forts.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  There  are  3  I 
schools  for  377  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for 
120  is  new. 

CARNA,  small  island  in  Loch  Sunart, 
Argyleshire.    Pop.  7. 

CARNABATTAN,  lake  in  Kiltarlity  par- 
ish, Inverness-shire. 

CARNAC,  fosse  of  quondam  Pictish  fort, 
in  Dunbarny  parish,  Perthshire. 

CARNACH,  quoad  sacra  parish,  compris- 
ing a  narrow  valley  about  14  miles  long, 
on  south  border  of  Eoss-shire.  Post  town, 
Beauly.    Pop.  296. 

CARNACLAISER,   place,    with  public 
school,  in  Urray  parish,  Eoss-shire. 

CARN-A-MAIREE,   lofty  mountain  in 
Glenlyon,  Perthshire. 

CARNAN,  small  affluent  of  the  Etive, 
in  Ardchattan  parish,  Argyleshire. 


CARNAN,  sea-loch  in  north-east  of 
South  Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CARNASOUG,  mountain,  8  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Kinlochewe,  Eoss-shire. 

CARNASSARY,  ruined,  notable  histori- 
cal castle,  in  Kilmartin  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

CARNAVADDY,  cavern,  once  the  retreat 
of  a  notable  bandit,  in  Benclybric,  Suther- 
land. 

CARNBANE,  mountain  on  north  flank 
of  Glenstrathfarrar,  Inverness-shire. 

CARNBEE,  parish,  with  church,  2f  miles 
north-by-west  of  Pittenweem,  Fife.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Pittenweem.  Its 
length  is  4J  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  3^ 
miles  ;  its  area  8396  acres.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £14,816.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
1057;  quoad  sacra,  982.  A  high  hill- 
ridge  extends  through  the  middle  from 
east  to  west,  and  commands  very  fine 
views.  The  section  southward  of  the 
ridge  is  rich,  highly  cultivated  land ;  but 
the  section  northward  lies  high,  and  has 
an  inferior  soil.  Coal,  limestone,  and 
sandstone  are  worked.  Balcaskie,  the 
seat  of  Sir  Eobert  Anstruther,  Bart.,  is  a 
chief  residence ;  and  Kellie  Castle,  once  the 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Kellie,  is  now  a  farm- 
house. The  churches  are  Established 
and  Free,  and  there  are  3  schools  for  297 
scholars. 

CARNBO,  place  about  4  miles  from  Kin- 
ross.   It  has  a  post  office  under  Kinross. 

CARNBROE  (LOW),  section  of  Mossend 
town,  Lanarkshire. 

CARNBROE  (NEW),  section  of  Odder 
Ironworks  town,  Lanarkshire. 

CARNDEARG,  lofty  mountain  in  Fortin- 
gal  parish,  Perthshire. 

CARNEIL,  hill  in  Carnock  parish,  Fife. 

CARNLIATH,  one  of  the  summits  of 
Benygloe,  in  Blair- Athole,  Perthshire. 

CARN-NAN-EUN,  hill  in  north  of  Colon- 
say  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CARNOCK,  village  and  parish  on  south- 
west border  of  Fife.  The  village  stands 
3^  miles  west-north-west  of  Dunfermline, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Dunfermline, 
a  fine  parochial  church  of  1840,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  86 
scholars.  Pop.  303. — The  parish  contains 
also  the  villages  of  Cairneyhill  and  Gowk- 
hall,  and  the  greater  part  of  Oakley  Iron- 
works. Its  length  is  3  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  2f  miles  ;  its  area  3492  acres.  Eeal 
property  in  1880-81,  £5902.  Pop.  1055. 
The  surface  is  partly  level,  partly  undu- 
lated and  diversified,  and  partly  occupied 
with  considerable  hills.  Coal  abounds, 
and  ironstone  and  sandstone  are  found. 
The  chief  seats  are  Carnock  House  and 
Luskar,  and  the  chief  antiquity  is  the  site 
of  a  Eoman  camp.  John  Erskine,  author 
of  the  Institutes  of  the  Law  of  Scotland, 
was  a  native ;  and  Thomas  Gillespie, 
founder  of  the  Belief  Church,  now  part  of 
the  United  Presbyterian  Church,  was  par- 
ish minister.  There  are  3  schools,  with 
accommodation  for  512  scholars. 


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78 


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CARNOCK,  estate  in  St.  Ninians  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

CARNOCK,  burn,  running  about  6  miles 
north-eastward,  partly  through  a  deep 
chasm,  to  the  Blane,  at  2  miles  south-west 
of  Killearn,  Stirlingshire. 

CARNOUSIE,  seat  in  Forglen  parish, 
Banffshire. 

CARNOUSTIE,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  on  south-east  coast  of  Forfarshire. 
The  town  stands  6  miles  south-west  of 
Arbroath ;  is  a  sea-bathing  resort,  and  a 
place  of  linen  manufacture ;  consists  of 
Carnoustie  proper  and  Lower  Victoria, 
Ravensby,  Newton,  and  "Westhaven  sub- 
urbs ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  a  railway  station,  2  banking 
offices,  4  hotels,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Original  Secession 
churches,  an  Episcopalian  church,  founded 
in  August  1880,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  171  scholars.  Pop.,  of  the  town 
proper,  2650 ;  of  the  town  and  suburbs, 
3243  ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  1999. 

CARNSALLOCH,  estate  in  Kirkmahoe 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CARNTORKIE,  one  of  the  summits  of 
Benygloe,  in  Blair-Athole  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

CARNWATH,  village  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village  stands 
f  mile  east  of  a  railway  station  of  its  own 
name,  26  miles  south-south-west  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  is  partly  old  and  partly  recent ; 
adjoins  an  artificial  mound,  formerly  forti- 
fied, and  supposed  to  have  been  a  defensive 
work  in  the  cause  of  Robert  Bruce  ;  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Lanarkshire,  a 
banking  office,  a  modern  parochial  church 
contiguous  to  fine  remains  of  an  ancient 
collegiate  one,  a  Free  church,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  217  scholars ;  and  gives  to  the 
family  of  Dalzell  the  title  of  earl,  created 
in  1639,  attainted  in  1715,  and  restored  in 
1825.  Pop.  845. — The  parish  contains 
also  the  villages  of  Wilsontown,  Braehead, 
Forth,  Haywood,  and  Newbigging,  and 
part  of  Carstairs  Junction.  Its  length  is 
8J  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  1\  miles  ;  its 
area  30,446  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £42,726.  Pop.  5831.  Low,  flat 
lands  lie  adjacent  to  the  Clyde  and  the 
Medwin,  yet  have  an  elevation  of  about 
600  feet  above  sea-level ;  and  other  lands 
are  mostly  plateau  and  low  hill,  nowhere 
higher  than  about  600  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  low  lands.  Much  is  bare  moor,  and 
about  one-half  is  bleak,  wild,  and  unculti- 
vated. Coal,  ironstone,  and  limestone  are 
plentiful  around  Wilsontown.  Carnwath 
House  is  a  seat  of  Sir  Simon  M.  Lockhart, 
Bart. ;  and  Cowthally  Castle,  now  a  ruin, 
was  a  seat  of  the  noble  family  of  Somer- 
ville.  Established  churches  are  at  Forth 
and  Haywood,  a  Free  church  is  between 
Forth  and  Wilsontown,  and  a  United  Pres- 
byterian church  is  at  Braehead.  8  schools 
for  1481  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and 


4  of  them  and  enlargements  for  967  are 
new. 

CAROLINE  PARK,  a  seat  of  the  Duke 
of  Buccleuch,  near  Granton,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

CAROLINE  PLACE,  village  in  St.  Mar- 
tins parish,  Perthshire. 

CAROLSIDE,  seat  on  the  Leader,  about 
a  mile  north  of  Earlston,  Berwickshire. 

CARPOW,  seat  in  Abernethy  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CARR,  burn,  entering  left  side  of  the 
Dee,  2  miles  above  Castleton-Braemar, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  makes  a  pretty  cascade. 

CARR,  reef,  with  beacon,  about  Lj  mile 
from  Fifeness,  eastern  extremity  of  Fife. 

CARR,  seat  of  Sir  Robert  P.  Douglas, 
Bart.,  Perthshire. 

CARRADALE,  hamlet,  small  bay,  small 
peninsula,  rocky  sea  cliff,  and  rivulet  of  7 
miles  entering  the  bay,  14  miles  north-by- 
east  of  Campbelton,  Argyleshire.  The 
hamlet  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Argyleshire,  an  iron  pier  of  1872,  an  Estab- 
lished church,  and  a  public  school.  The 
peninsula  contains  ruins  of  a  vitrified  fort 
about  450  feet  in  circuit.  The  sea  cliff 
is  crowned  with  remains  of  a  considerable 
old  fortalice. 

CARRAIG,  dangerous  rock,  unseen  at 
high  water,  between  Lismore  and  Mull 
Islands.  Argyleshire. 

CARR  BRIDGE,  hamlet  on  Dulnain 
river,  24J  miles  south-east  of  Inverness. 
It  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Aviemore,  an  inn,  and  a 
Free  church. 

CARRICK,  southern  district  of  Ayrshire. 
It  measures  about  32  miles  by  20 ;  has 
mostly  a  broken,  hilly  surface,  correspond- 
ing to  its  name,  signifying  '  a  rock ; ' 
figures  as  an  earldom  in  the  history  of 
the  royal  Bruces ;  and  continues  to  give 
the  title  of  earl  to  the  Prince  of  Wales. 

CARRICK,  ancient  and  tolerably  entire 
castle  on  west  side  of  Loch  Goil,  Argyle- 
shire. It  dates  at  least  from  the  end  of 
fifth  century,  and  belonged  to  the  Crown, 
but  was  held  by  the  Earl  of  Argyle  as 
hereditary  keeper.  A  place  adjacent  to  it 
has  a  post  office  of  Carrick,  under  Greenock. 

CARRICK,  seat  in  Eday  Island,  Orkney. 

CARRIDEN,  parish  on  coast  of  Linlith- 
gowshire. It  contains  Blackness,  the 
Grangepans  suburb  of  Borrowstownness, 
and  3  hamlets,  and  its  post  town  is 
Borrowstownness.  Its  length  along  the 
coast  is  4|  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  is 
2  miles  ;  and  its  area  is  2705  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880  -  81,  £8581.  Pop.  1989. 
The  surface  rises  rapidly  from  the  shore, 
declines  again  to  the  south,  includes  part 
of  Irongath  Hills,  and  is  aggregately  very 
unequal.  The  rocks  are  mostly  carboni- 
ferous, and  include  many  seams  of  coal. 
Carriden  House  is  the  seat  of  Admiral  Sir 
James  Hope.  Antoninus'  Wall  had  its 
eastern  termination  on  this  coast.  The 
parochial  church  stands  about  \\  mile  east- 


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70 


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south-east  of  Borrowstownness,  and  public 
schools  are  there  and  in  Grangepans. 

CARRINGTON,  village  and  parish  in 
south  of  Edinburghshire.  The  village 
stands  5  miles  south-by-west  of  Dalkeith, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Gorebridge.  The 
parish  measures  4|  miles  by  2§,  and  com- 
prises 4403  acres.  Real  property  in  1880- 
81,  £6347.  Pop.  606.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  but  is  mostly  arable.  Whitehall 
House,  is  a  chief  feature.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free,  the  latter  serving 
also  for  Temple  parish ;  and  the  public 
school  has  accommodation  for  130,  scholars. 

CARROL,  abrupt  precipice  overhanging 
Loch  Brora,  in  Clyne  parish,  Suther- 
landshire. 

CARRON,  daugh  in  Aberlour  parish, 
and  hill  partly  also  in  Inveraven  parish, 
Banffshire. 

CARRON,  meadow-bog  of  about  500 
acres,  on  plateau  near  the  centre  of  Lennox 
Hills,  Stirlingshire. 

CARRON,  river  issuing  from  Carron  bog 
and  running  about  20  miles  eastward  to 
the  Forth,  at  Grangemouth.  Its  banks 
have  been  the  scene  of  many  memorable 
events,  and  are  famous  in  song  for  their 
beauty. 

CARRON,  rivulet,  running  about  9  miles 
southward  to  the  Nith,  in  vicinity  of 
Carronbridge,  Dumfriesshire.  It  is  crossed, 
near  the  foot,  by  a  very  fine  railway 
viaduct. 

CARRON,  rivulet,  running  about  7  miles 
eastward  to  the  sea,  at  Stonehaven,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

CARRON,  sea-loch  in  south-west  of  Ross- 
shire.  It  commences  at  influx  of  Carron 
river ;  goes  8  miles  south-westward,  with 
average  width  of  less  than  a  mile ;  expands 
suddenly  to  width  of  about  2J  miles  ;  sends 
off  north-north-eastward  a  branch  called 
Loch  Kishorn  ;  and  proceeds  7  miles  south- 
westward  to  the  sea,  with  average  width 
of  3  miles. 

CARRON,  small  river,  running  about  16 
miles  south-westward,  forming  a  chain  of 
small  lakes,  and  falling  into  head  of  Loch 
Carron,  Ross-shire. 

CARRON,  station  on  Strathspey  railway, 
3}  miles  south-west  of  Aberlour,  Banffshire. 
It  has  a  post  office,  called  Carron  Station, 
under  Craigellachie. 

CARRONBRIDGE,  village  on  Carron 
rivulet.  If  mile  north-west  of  Thornhill, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Thornhill,  and  a  railway  station. 

CARRONBRIDGE,  place  on  Carron  river, 
near  Denny,  Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Denny. 

CARRONHALL,  village  on  Carron  river, 
in  Larbert  parish,  Stirlingshire.    Pop.  313. 

CARRON  IRONWORKS,  vast  iron- 
foundry  on  river  Carron,  1^  mile  north- 
north-east  of  Falkirk,  Stirlingshire.  It 
was  projected  in  1760;  is  now,  and  has 
long  been,  the  largest  foundry  in  Europe  ; 
employs  about  2000  men  ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  simply  designated  Carron,  under 


Larbert,  and  a  United  Presbyterian  church 
of  1881. 

CARRONSHORE,  village  on  Carron  river, 
2  miles  west  of  Grangemouth.  It  is  con- 
nected with  Carron  ironworks  by  a  double- 
line  railway,  and  it  has  a  post  office  under 
Falkirk,  an  Established  church,  projected 
in  1876,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
236  scholars.    Pop.  962. 

CARRON  (WEST),  village,  with  iron- 
works, on  river  Carron,  in  Larbert  and 
Falkirk  parishes,  Stirlingshire.    Pop.  902. 

CARROY,  small  sea  -  loch,  projecting 
north-eastward  from  Loch  Bracadale,  in 
Skye. 

CARRUCHAN,  seat  in  Troqueer  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CARRUTH,  seat  in  Kilmalcolm  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

CARRUTHERS,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
Middlebie,  Dumfriesshire. 

CARRUTHERSTOWN,  place,  3  miles 
from  Kirtleb ridge,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Lockerby. 

CARRY  BLAIR,  place,  with  ancient 
sculptured  obelisk,  in  Eddertoun  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

CARSAIG,  place,  with  two  grand  natural 
arches,  between  Lochbuy  mouth  and 
Innimore  head,  on  south  coast  of  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

CARSE,  bay  in  Kirkbean  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

CARSE,  seat  and  hill  in  Rescobie  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

CARSEBRIDGE,  coal-field  in  Alloa  parish, 
Clackmannanshire. 

CARSEBURN,  village  in  Forfar  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

CARSECREUCH,  ancient  castle,  once  the 
seat  of  the  Earls  of  Stair,  in  Old  Luce 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

CARSEGILL,  seat  in  Westerkirk  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CARSEGOWNIE,  transmuted  old  fortified 
seat  in  Aberlemno  parish,  Forfarshire. 

CARSE  GRANGE,  small  village  in  Errol 
parish,  Perthshire. 

CARSE  OF  CLACKMANNAN,  section  of 
Carse  of  Forth  within  Clackmannanshire. 

CARSE  OF  FALKIRK,  section  of  Carse 
of  Forth,  from  Airth  in  Stirlingshire  to 
Borrowstownness  in  Linlithgowshire. 

CARSE  OF  FORTH,  low,  flat,  alluvial 
land  along  both  sides  of  the  Forth,  from 
foot  of  the  Grampians  to  the  heights  of 
Carriden,  in  the  counties  of  Perth,  Clack- 
mannan, Stirling,  and  Linlithgow. 

CARSE  OF  GOWRIE,  low,  flat,  alluvial 
tract  along  north  side  of  the  Tay,  from  base 
of  Kinnoul  Hill,  in  Perthshire,  to  vicinity 
of  Dundee,  Forfarshire.  It  seems  to  have 
lain  under  water  till  far  into  the  human 
period ;  and  it  includes  some  low  eminences, 
now  called  Inches,  which  seem  to  have 
been  islands. 

CARSE  OF  KINNEIL,  terminal  part  of 
Carse  of  Forth,  around  Borrowstownness, 
Linlithgowshire. 

CARSE  OF  STIRLING  section  of  Carse 


CAR 


80 


CAS 


of  Forth  from  Craigforth  to  Airth,  in 
Stirlingshire. 

CARSETHORN,  village  in  Kirkbean 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CARSK,  place,  13  miles  north-north- 
west of  Lairg,  in  Sutherland. 

CARSKEY,  seat  and  bay  in  Southend 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

CARSLOGIE,  old  seat  in  Cupar  parish, 
Fife. 

CARSPHAIRN,  village  and  parish  on 
northern  border  of  Kirkcudbrightshire. 
The  village  stands  on  Deugh  rivulet,  about 
12  miles  north-north-west  of  New  Gal- 
loway, and  has  a  post  office  under  Dairy, 
a  hotel,  a  parochial  church  with  about  400 
sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  about  76 
scholars. — The  parish  measures  about  15^ 
miles  by  10,  and  comprises  54,624  acres. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £11,339.  Pop. 
484.  The  western  border  includes  part  of 
Loch  Doon,  and  the  interior  is  much 
streaked  with  upland  streams,  exhibits 
great  diversity  of  glen  and  mountain 
scenery,  culminates  on  Cairnsmuir  at  2612 
feet  above  sea-level,  contains  a  well- 
preserved  Roman  camp  and  a  well-pre- 
served reach  of  Roman  road,  and  abounds 
in  memories  of  the  Covenanters.  There  is 
a  Free  church  for  Carsphairn  and  Dalmel- 
lington. 

CARSTAIRS,  village  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village  stands 
about  a  mile  north  of  Carstairs  Junction, 
occupies  the  site  of  the  Caledonian  and 
Roman  town  Coria,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Lanark,  a  parochial  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  170  scholars. 
Pop.  528.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Ravenstruther  village  and  most  of  Car- 
stairs  Junction.  Its  length  is  1\  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  3  miles;  its  area 
9820  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£15,737.  Pop.  1955.  The  Clyde  bounds 
the  south-east  end,  and  Mouse  rivulet 
crosses  the  interior.  The  land  is  diversified 
by  multitudes  of  sand  knolls,  of  exceedingly 
various  shape  and  size.  Carstairs  House, 
adjacent  to  the  Clyde,  is  a  chief  feature. 

CARSTAIRS  JUNCTION,  village,  with 
railway  station  at  meeting-point  of  rail- 
ways from  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Dolphin- 
ton,  and  Carlisle,  27|  miles  south-west-by- 
south  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  post  office  de- 
signated of  Lanarkshire.  It  sprang  entirely 
from  the  formation  of  the  Caledonian  Rail- 
way ;  and  it  has  ample  buildings  and 
appliances  for  accommodating  and  re- 
arranging railway  trains.    Pop.  888. 

CART,  river,  formed  by  conflux  of  Black 
and  White  Carts,  and  running  about  7 
furlongs  northward  to  the  Clyde,  at  6^  miles 
west-north-west  of  Glasgow. 

CART,  burn,  running  to  the  Lossie,  in 
Dallas  parish,  Elginshire. 

CART  (BLACK),  small  river,  running 
about  9  miles  north-eastward  from  Castle- 
Semple  Loch  to  confluence  with  White 
Cart,  Renfrewshire. 

CARTERBAR,  east  shoulder  of  Carter 


Fell,  on  mutual  border  of  Roxburghshire 
and  England.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
public  road  from  Jedburgh  to  Newcastle- 
on-Tyne. 

CARTER  FELL,  mountain,  1815  feet 
high,  one  of  the  Cheviots,  on  mutual  border 
of  Roxburghshire  and  England,  9^  miles 
south  -  south  -  east  of  Jedburgh.  The 
famous  skirmish  of  1575,  sung  as  the 
'  Raid  of  the  Red  Swire,'  was  fought  on  it. 

CARTERHAUGH,  meadow  at  confluence 
of  the  Ettrick  and  the  Yarrow,  Selkirk- 
shire. It  is  the  scene  of  the  fairy  ballad 
of  'Tamlane.' 

CARTLAND,  village  in  north-west  of 
Lanark  parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a 
public  school. 

CARTLAND  CRAGS,  great  chasm,  tra- 
versed by  lowmost  reach  of  Mouse  rivulet, 
in  north-west  vicinity  of  Lanark.  It  ex- 
tends fully  f  mile,  in  curved  line,  from 
east  -  north  -  east  to  west  -  south  -  west ; 
appears  to  be  a  rent  through  a  tabular  hill, 
caused  by  vertical  earthquake  stroke  ;  is 
flanked  by  perpendicular,  fissured,  rugged 
cliffs,  with  maximum  height  of  about  400 
feet  on  one  side,  and  more  than  200  feet 
on  the  other  ;  and  shows  correspondence 
of  the  two  sides,  face  to  face  and  part  to 
part,  in  almost  every  crack  and  salience. 

CARTSBURN,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  east 
end  of  Greenock,Renfrewshire.  Pop.  10,639. 

CARTSDYKE,  or  CRAWFURDSDIKE, 
eastern  suburb  of  Greenock,  Renfrewshire. 
It  was  originally  a  separate  village  ;  and  it 
became  a  burgh  of  barony,  and  a  rival  to 
Greenock ;  but  it  now  stands  compact  with 
that  town,  and  is  part  of  the  parliamentary 
burgh.  It  has  a  railway  station,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  large  public  school. 

CART  (WHITE),  river,  rising  in  south- 
east extremity  of  Renfrewshire,  and  run- 
ning about  19  miles  deviously,  past  Busby, 
Pollockshaws,  and  Paisley,  to  a  confluence 
with  the  Black  Cart. 

CARTY,  harbour  on  Cree  river,  1^  mile 
south-south-east  of  Newton-Stewart,  Wig- 
tonshire. 

CARVY,  small  affluent  of  the  Don,  in 
Strathdon  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CARWOOD,  seat  and  burn  in  Biggar 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CASH  FEUS,  section  of  Strathmiglo 
town,  Fife.    Pop.  698. 

CASHOGLE,  estate  in  Durisdeer  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CASKIEBEN,  seat,  9  miles  north-west- 
by-west  of  Aberdeen. 

CASSENCARRIE,  old  building,  with 
tower,  in  Kirkmabreck  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

CASSILIS,  railway  station  and  mansion, 
6J  miles  south  of  Ayr,  Ayrshire.  The 
mansion  is  partly  modern,  but  chiefly  an 
edifice  of  15th  century,  belongs  to  the 
Marquis  of  Ailsa,  and  is  the  scene  of  the 
famous  traditional  story  of  Sir  John  Faa. 
The  Kennedys  of  Dunure  have  been  Earls 
of  Cassilis  in  the  peerage  of  Scotland  since 
1511,  and  acquired  the  Marquisate  of  Ailsa 


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81 


CAS 


in  the  peerage  of  the  United  Kingdom  in 
1831. 

CASSLEY,  small  river,  running  15  miles 
south-south-eastward  to  the  Oikell,  near 
Rosehall,  at  the  boundary  between  Suther- 
land and  Ross-shire. 

CASTLE,  village  in  New  Cumnock 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

CASTLE,  small  bay  in  Portpatrick 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

CASTLE,  bay  in  Barra  Island,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

CASTLEBANK,  seat  near  Lanark,  Lanark- 
shire. 

CASTLEBAY,  place  in  Barra  Island, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Lochmaddy. 

CASTLE  -  CAMPBELL,  or  CASTLE- 
GLOOM,  ruined,  strong,  noble  fortalice, 
about  a  mile  north-north-west  of  Dollar, 
Clackmannanshire.  It  crowns  a  round 
isolated  mound  at  top  of  a  wooded  ravine ; 
it  dates  from  some  period  unknown  to 
record  ;  and  it  became  the  property  of  the 
Earls  of  Argyle  in  1493,  and  was  burnt  by 
the  Marquis  of  Montrose  in  1645. 

CASTLECARY,  railway  station,  and  re- 
mains of  a  principal  station  on  Antoninus' 
Wall,  7  miles  west-south-west  of  Falkirk, 
Stirlingshire. 

CASTLE-CLANYARD,  ruined  old  seat  in 
Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

CASTLE  -  CLUGGY,  remains  of  strong 
ancient  fortalice  in  Monivaird  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CASTLE  -  COEFFIN,  ruined  ivy  -  clad 
ancient  fortalice,  supposed  to  be  Danish, 
on  Lismore  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CASTLE -COLE,  curious  Scandinavian 
tower,  with  uncemented  walls  11  feet 
thick,  in  Clyne  parish,  Sutherland. 

CASTLE-CRAIG,  seat  of  Sir  William  H. 
G.  Carmichael,  Bart.,  in  Kirkurd  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

CASTLE-CRAIG,  fragment  of  seat  of  the 
Bishops  of  Ross  in  Resolis  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

CASTLE-CRAIG,  place,  with  remains  of 
fort,  adjacent  to  Tillicoultry, Clackmannan- 
shire. 

CASTLE-CRAIG,  rising  ground,  with  re- 
mains of  small  Roman  camp,  in  West  Calder 
paiish,  Edinburghshire. 

CASTLE-CRAIGNISH.    See  Craignish. 

CASTLE-DANGEROUS.    See  Douglas. 

CASTLE-DONNAN,  ruined  ancient  forta- 
lice in  Kintail  parish,  Ross-shire. 

CASTLE-DOUGLAS,  town  in  Kirkcud- 
brightshire, 19|  miles  south-west  of  Dum- 
fries. It  sprang  from  a  hamlet  called 
Causewayend  or  Carlinwark,  and  took  its 
present  name  in  1792,  with  allusion  to  the 
famous  Douglas  Castle  of  Thrieve,  1|  mile 
to  the  west.  It  rose  suddenly  to  import- 
ance, sustained  a  check  by  failure  of  cotton 
manufacture,  flourished  speedily  again, 
and  is  now  the  main  centre  of  business  for 
eastern  Galloway.  It  stands  on  a  gentle 
declivity  adjacent  to  Carlinwark  Loch  ; 
consists  of  spacious  streets,  crossing  one 


another  at  right  angles,  with  gardens  in 
their  rear  ;  and  presents  an  airy,  pleasant, 
well-built  appearance.  It  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  2  banking  offices,  3  hotels,  a  town 
hall,  an  Established  church,  2  Free  churches, 
United  Presbyterian,  Episcopalian,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  Mechanics' 
Institute,  2  public  schools  with  about  417 
scholars,  and  public  'waterworks  of  1880. 
Pop.  2565. 

CASTLE  -  DOWNREAY,  ruined  ancient 
seat  of  the  Mackays,  in  Reay  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

CASTLEDYKES,  site  of  ancient  castle  of 
the  Comyns,  on  the  Nith,  a  little  south  of 
Dumfries. 

CASTLEDYKES,  site  of  Roman  station, 
on  the  Clyde,  in  Carstairs  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

CASTLEFAIRN,  headstream  of  the  Cairn, 
in  Glencairn  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CASTLE-FORBES,  seat  of  Lord  Forbes, 
on  the  Don,  in  Keig  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

CASTLE-FRASER,  seat,  2  miles  south- 
west of  Kemnay,  Aberdeenshire. 

CASTLE-GILMOUR,  farm,  with  impor- 
tant minerals,  in  Sanquhar  parish,  Dum- 
f  ricssliirG 

CASTLE  -  GIRNIGOE,  ruined  ancient 
stronghold  of  the  Earls  of  Caithness,  on 
the  coast  3  miles  north-east  of  Wick, 
Caithness. 

CASTLE-GLOOM.  See  Castle-Campbell. 

CASTLEGOWER,  farm, with  vitrified  fort, 
in  Buittle  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CASTLE-GRANT,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Seafield,  near  Grantown,  Elginshire. 

CASTLE  -  HAYNE,  vestige  of  strong 
ancient  fortalice,  on  coast  of  Borgue  par- 
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CASTLEHILL,  village  in  Carluke  parish, 
Lanarkshire.    Pop.  485. 

CASTLEHILL,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Kippen  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

CASTLEHILL,  south-western  section  of 
Inverness.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Inverness. 

CASTLEHILL,  bay,  harbour,  and  ship- 
ment place  of  paving-flag,  in  Olrig  parish, 
Caithness. 

CASTLE -HILL,  each  of  at  least  46 
eminences  in  Scotland,  now  or  formerly 
crowned  by  a  castle. 

CASTLE-HUNTLY,  grand  mansion,  once 
the  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Strathmore,  in 
Longforgan  parish,  Perthshire. 

CASTLE-ISLAND,  islet,  famous  in  the 
history  of  Queen  Mary,  in  Loch  Leven, 
Kinross-shire. 

CASTLE-ISLAND,  islet  near  Eigg,  Inner 
Hebrides. 

CASTLE  -  KENNEDY,  railway  station, 
post  office,  lake,  and  ruined  noble  man- 
sion, in  Inch  parish,  Wigtonshire.  The 
station  is  3  miles  east-by-south  of  Stran- 
raer. The  post  office  is  designated  Castle- 
Kennedy  Station,  Wigtonshire.  The  lake 
measures  2  miles  by       has  picturesque 


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82 


CAS 


features,  contains  two  islets,  and  is  nearly 
bisected  by  two  peninsulas.  The  mansion 
was  built  in  the  time  of  James  vi., 
belonged  to  the  Earls  of  Cassilis,  passed 
to  the  Earls  of  Stair,  and  was  accidentally 
burnt  in  1715.  The  parochial  church  of 
Inch,  and  a  public  school  with  about  90 
scholars,  are  adjacent  to  the  lake. 

CASTLE-KILCHURN.    See  Kilchurn. 

CASTLE-KNAP,  vestige  of  ancient  State 
prison,  in  Lunan  parish,  Forfarshire. 

CASTLE  -  LACHLAN,  seat  in  Strachur 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

CASTLELAW,  lofty  conical  hill,  with 
vestige  of  large  Scandinavian  fort,  and 
with  extensive  view,  2  miles  south  of 
Forgandenny,  Perthshire. 

CASTLELAW,  lofty  hill,  one  of  the  Lam- 
mermoors,  with  large  circular  camp,  in 
Yester  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

CASTLELAW,  eminence,  with  vestige  of 
ancient  camp,  in  Glencorse  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

CASTLELAW,  seat  in  Coldstream  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

CASTLELAW,  hill,  with  ancient  Cale- 
donian fort,  in  Yetholm  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

CASTLE-LEATHERS,  estate  in  Inverness 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

CASTLE-LEOD,  noble  mansion,  long  a 
seat  of  the  Earls  of  Cromarty,  and  now 
belonging  to  the  Duchess  of  Sutherland, 
at  head  of  Strathpeffer,  Ross-shire. 

CASTLE  LOCH,  lake  of  more  than  200 
acres,  adjacent  to  Lochmaben,  Dumfries- 
shire. It  is  rich  in  both  kinds  and  quan- 
tities of  fish,  and  contains  a  peculiar 
species  called  the  vendace ;  and  it  has, 
on  a  peninsula,  the  remains  of  the  royal 
castle  of  the  Bruces. 

CASTLE -LYON,  quondam  seat  in  Bor- 
rowstownness parish,  Linlithgowshire;  also 
quondam  name  of  Castle-Huntly,  Perth- 
shire. 

CASTLE-MAINS,  seat  near  Lesmahagow, 
Lanarkshire. 

CASTLE-MAOIL,  ruined  ancient  strong 
fortalice,  adjacent  to  Kyleakin,  Inverness- 
shire. 

CASTLE-MEARNAIG,  ancient  fortalice, 
surmounting  conical  rock,  on  Kingairloch 
coast,  opposite  Lismore,  Argyleshire. 

CASTLE-MENZIES,  seat  of  Sir  Robert 
Menzies,  Bart.,  near  the  Tay,  in  Weem 
parish,  Perthshire. 

CASTLEMILK,  seat  in  St.  Mungo  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire. 

CASTLEMILK,  seat  in  Carmunnock  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire.  Queen  Mary  slept  in  it 
on  the  night  before  the  battle  of  Langside. 

CASTLE-NA-COIR,  ruined  old  baronial 
fortalice,  near  mouth  of  Cassley  river,  on 
south  border  of  Sutherland. 

CASTLE -NEWE,  seat  of  Sir  Charles 
Forbes,  on  upper  part  of  Don  river,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

CASTLE -O'ER,  Saxon  camp,  formerly 
thought  to  be  Roman,  in  Eskdalemuir 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 


CASTLE-POINT,  low  wooded  headland 
at  eastern  extremity  of  Roseneath  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

CASTLE-QUA,  quondam  fort  on  a  brink 
of  Cartland  Crags,  Lanarkshire.  It  dated 
from  the  Caledonian  times,  and  may  have 
been  held  by  Sir  William  Wallace  at  his 
assault  on  Lanark. 

CASTLE-RACHAL,  ruined  Scandinavian 
fortalice  on  north-west  side  of  Lismore 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

CASTLE  -  RANKINE,  affluent  of  the 
Carron,  with  industrial  works,  in  Denny 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

CASTLE-ROY,  remnant  of  large,  strong, 
ancient  fortalice  in  Abernethy  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

CASTLES,  lofty  hill,  with  ancient  camp, 
in  Yester  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

CASTLES,  pinnacled  cliff,  pierced  with 
spacious  cave,  on  south  side  of  Ulva 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

CASTLE-SEMPLE,  lake  and  mansion  in 
Lochwinnoch  parish,  Renfrewshire.  The 
lake  was  reduced  by  drainage  from  up- 
wards of  600  acres  to  about  200  acres  ;  has 
3  wooded  islets,  and  richly  embellished 
cincture  ;  contains  several  kinds  of  fish, 
and  is  frequented  by  waterfowl.  The 
mansion  is  on  its  west  side,  near  the  foot, 
and  is  a  modern  edifice  on  site  of  an 
ancient  one. 

CASTLE  -  SHUNA,  ruined  ancient  fort- 
alice, on  Shuna  Island,  in  Loch  Linnhe, 
Argyleshire. 

CASTLE  -  SINCLAIR,  ruined  ancient 
fortalice  of  the  Earls  of  Caithness,  adja- 
cent to  Castle-Girnigoe,  on  Wick  coast, 
Caithness. 

CASTLE-SPIRITIN,  remnant  of  small 
baronial  keep  on  upper  part  of  river  Ness, 
Inverness-shire. 

CASTLE-SPYNIE,  ancient,  partly  vitri- 
fied fort  on  rocky  peak  of  southern  screen 
of  Loch  Beauly,  Inverness-shire. 

CASTLE-STALKER,  unroofed  hunting- 
seat  of  King  James  IV.,  afterwards  resi- 
dence of  the  Stewarts  of  Appin,  on  insu- 
lated rock,  off  mouth  of  Appin  Bay, 
Argyleshire. 

CASTLE-STALKER,  ruined  old  fortalice, 
picturesque  and  conspicuous,  on  Eriskay 
Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CASTLE-STEWART,  lake  and  neglected 
seat  in  Glasserton  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

CASTLE-STEWART,  ruined  old  seat  in 
Penningham  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

CASTLE-STRIPE,  streamlet  and  traces  of 
old  castle  in  Inveraven  parish,  Banffshire. 

CASTLE-STUART,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Moray  in  Petty  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

CASTLE-SWIN,  ruined  ancient  strong 
fortalice  on  Loch  Swin,  North  Knapdale 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

CASTLE-TIRIM,  ruined  strong  ancient 
fortalice  on  Loch  Moydart,  Inverness-shire. 

CASTLETON,  parish,  containing  the  post 
office  villages  of  Newcastleton  and  Riccar- 
ton,  in  south  of  Roxburghshire.  It 
adjoins  England,  figures  in  history  and  in 


CAS 


8: 


CAT 


popular  nomenclature  as  Liddesdale,  is 
the  country  of  the  '  Dandy  Dinmont '  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  Guy  Mannering,  and 
contains  many  scenes  like  that  of  Dandy 
Dinmont's  farm,  much  modified  by  modern 
improvement.  Its  length  is  about  20 
miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  14  miles ;  its 
area  67,858  acres.  Eeal  property  in 
1880-81,  £29,262.  Pop.  2256.  The  border 
districts,  excepting  the  south,  are  moun- 
tainous ;  the  interior  districts  are  mostly 
hilly ;  a  large  proportion  of  the  whole  is 
moorish,  bleak,  and  wild  ;  and  the  inhabi- 
ted parts  are  chiefly  low  tracts  along 
Hermitage  and  Liddle  rivers.  Hermitage 
Castle,  notable  both  in  structure  and  in 
history,  is  a  prominent  feature ;  and 
monuments  of  the  Caledonian,  the  Roman, 
and  the  feudal  times  are  numerous.  The 
churches  are  Established,  Free,  and  Uni- 
ted Presbyterian.  There  are  4  schools  for 
418  scholars,  and  2  of  them  and  enlarge- 
ments for  170  are  new. 

CASTLETON,  small  village  in  Borthwick 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

CASTLETON,  farm,  with  ruins  of  ancient 
royal  palace,  in  Fordoun  parish,  Kincar- 
dineshire. 

CASTLETON,  estate,  with  vestiges  of 
archi-episcopal  mansion  of  14th  century, 
in  Muckart  parish,  Perthshire. 

CASTLETON,  hill,  with  site  of  ancient 
castle,  in  Avoch  parish,  Ross-shire. 

CASTLETON-BRAEMAR,  village  at  influx 
of  the  Cluny  to  the  Dee,  60  miles  west-by- 
south  of  Aberdeen.  •  It  is  a  tourists'  centre 
for  exploring  the  Dee's  upper  basin  and 
the  Cairngorm  Mountains  ;  it  adjoins  the 
ruin  of  an  ancient  fortalice  of  the  Earls  of 
Max-,  said  to  have  been  originally  a  hunting- 
seat  of  Malcolm  Canmore  ;  it  is  near  a 
castellated  edifice  of  1720,  long  used  by  a 
Government  garrison  ;  and  it  has  a  post 
office  of  Braemar,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Aberdeen, 
2  hotels,  Established,  Free,  and  Roman 
Catholic  Churches,  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.,  with  adjacent  part  of  quoad  sacra 
parish,  859. 

CASTLETON  (NEW).    See  Newcastle-  ■ 

TON. 

CASTLETOWN,  town  at  head  of  Dunnet 
Bay,  5  miles  east  of  Thurso,  Caithness.  It 
is  modern,  contains  some  handsome  houses, 
conducts  a  large  trade  in  working  and  ex- 
porting pavement  flags,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
department,  under  Thurso,  a  banking  office, 
Established,  Free,  and  Original  Secession 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
113  scholars.    Pop.  932. 

CASTLE-URQUHART.  See  Urquhaet, 
Inverness-shire. 

CASTLE  VARRICH,  ruined  fortalice  on 
small  promontory  near  head  of  Kyle  of 
Tongue,  Sutherland. 

CASTLE-WALLANS,  vestige  of  old  fort- 
alice, said  to  have  been  a  refuge  of  Sir 
William  Wallace,  on  the  Clyde,  in  Carluke 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 


CASTLEWIGG,  seat  in  Whithorn  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

CASTRAGOE,  harbour  in  Birsay  parish, 
Orkney. 

CASTRAMOUNT,  ancient  small  moat  in 
Girthon  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CATACOL,  hamlet  at  mouth  of  Glen- 
catacol,  Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  Tradi- 
tion says  that  a  battle  was  fought  on  its 
site  between  Fingal  and  his  enemies. 

CATCUNE,  hamlet  and  ruined  fortalice, 
in  Borthwick  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

CATERLINE,  village  and  ancient  parish 
in  Kincardineshire.  The  village  stands  on 
the  coast,  5  miles  north  -  north  -  east  of 
Bervie,  and  has  a  pier  and  an  Episcopalian 
church.  The  parish  is  now  united  to 
Kinneff. 

CATERTHUN,  hills,  with  remains  of 
very  strong  and  extensive  ancient  Cale- 
donian fortifications,  4^  miles  north-west 
of  Brechin,  Forfarshire. 

CATFIRTH,  voe  or  bay  on  southern 
boundary  of  Nesting  parish,  Shetland. 

CATHCART,  parish,  chiefly  in  Renfrew- 
shire, but  partly  in  Lanarkshire,  and  in- 
cluding parts  of  the  southern  suburbs  of 
Glasgow.  It  has  a  post  office  of  its  own 
name  under  Glasgow,  and  contains  the 
Queen's  Park,  the  town  of  Crossbill,  the  vil- 
lages of  New  Cathcart,  Old  Cathcart,  Cross- 
myloof,  Langside,  Camphill,  Prospect  Hill, 
Florida,  Clarkston-Toll,  Hangingshaw,  Mill- 
bridge,  Netherlee,  and  part  of  the  town 
of  Busby.  Its  length  is  4  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  2  miles ;  its  area,  in  Renfrew- 
shire, 2667  acres  ;  in  Lanarkshire,  1397  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £86,113  and 
£4381.  Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  12,023  and  188 ; 
quoad  sacra,  7242  and  73.  The  northern 
section  is  a  charming  expanse  of  rolling 
landscape,  very  rich  in  both  natural  beauty 
and  artificial  embellishment ;  but  the 
southern  section  is  somewhat  hilly  and 
comparatively  bleak  and  barren.  A  tract 
of  much  interest  is  the  battlefield  of  Lang- 
side  ;  and  an  object  of  much  note  is  Cath- 
cart Castle,  a  place  of  conflict  in  the  times 
of  Wallace  and  Bruce,  and  long  the  seat  of 
the  distinguished  family  of  its  own  name, 
but  now  a  diminished  ivy-clad  ruin.  The 
Cathcart  family  acquired  the  title  of 
baron  in  the  peerage  of  Scotland  about 
1447,  and  the  titles  of  viscount  and  earl  in 
the  peerage  of  the  United  Kingdom  in 
respectively  1807  and  1814.  Their  heredi- 
tary estates  were  alienated  in  1546,  but 
partly  repurchased  within  the  present 
century.  Their  present  seat  in  the  parish 
is  Cathcart  House.  Other  seats  are  Aiken- 
head,  Langside,  Netherlee,  Camphill,  and 
numerous  villas.  The  churches  are  3 
Established,  4  Free,  and  4  United  Pres- 
byterian. There  are  10  schools  for  1686 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  700  are  new. 

CATHCART  (NEW),  village  on  the  White 
Cart,  2J  miles  south  of  Glasgow.  It  was 
founded  about  the  beginning  of  present 
century.    Pop.  689. 

CATHCART  (OLD),  village  on  the  White 


CAT 


84 


CAW 


Cart,  near  New  Cathcart.  It  contains 
Cathcart  parochial  church,  a  fine  edifice. 
Pop. ,  with  Holmhead  and  Braehead,  1003. 

CATHERINEFIELD,  place  in  Dumfries 
parish,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  93  scholars. 

CATHERINE'S  (ST.), ferry  on  Loch  Fyne, 
opposite  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 

CATHKIN,  seat  in  Carmunnock  parish, 
and  hill  on  mutual  border  of  Carmunnock 
and  Rutherglen  parishes,  Lanarkshire.  The 
hill  commands  a  magnificent  view. 

CATHLAW,  seat  and  hill  in  Torphichen 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

CATLAW,  mountain,  2196  feet  high,  in 
Kingoldrum  parish,  Forfarshire. 

CATRAIL,  military  work,  generally  sup- 
posed to  have  been  constructed  by  the 
Romanized  Caledonians  as  a  defence 
against  the  Saxons,  and  extending  from 
vicinity  of  Galashiels  southward  to  vicinity 
of  western  end  of  Cheviot  Hills.  It  con- 
sisted of  a  fosse  and  a  double  rampart  from 
20  to  24  feet  broad,  aided  at  intervals  by 
hill  -  forts ;  and  it  is  still  distinct  or 
traceable  in  several  parts. 

CATRINE,  town  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Ayrshire.  The  town  stands  on  Ayr  river, 
2  miles  east  -  south  -  east  of  Mauchline  ; 
was  founded  in  1787,  as  a  seat  of  cotton 
manufacture ;  is  built  on  a  regular  plan, 
with  central  square  and  streets  crossing 
one  another  at  right  angles ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  department,  under 
Mauchline,  a  banking  office,  a  hotel,  Es- 
tablished, Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and 
Evangelical  Union  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  316  scholars.  Pop.  of 
both  town  and  parish,  2638.  Catrine  House, 
in  the  vicinity,  figures  in  the  biography  of 
Prof.  Dugald  Stewart  and  the  poet  Burns. 

CATSTANE,  monumental  stone,  com- 
memorative of  a  battle  between  Kenneth 
and  Constantine  in  995,  on  Almond  river, 
in  Kirkliston  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

CATTER,  seat  in  Kilmaronock  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

CAULDCHAPEL,  farm,  with  ancient 
camp  and  tumulus,  in  "Wandell  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CAULDCLEUCH,  mountain,  1996  feet 
high,  on  mutual  border  of  Teviothead  and 
Castleton  parishes,  Roxburghshire. 

CAULDHAME,  hamlet  in  section  of 
Kippen  parish,  within  Perthshire. 

CAULDRON,  lake  in  Dryfesdale  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CAULDSHIELDS,  lake  in  section  of  Gala- 
shiels parish,  within  Roxburghshire. 

CAULDSTANE,  pass  through  Pentland 
Hills,  south-west  of  East  Cairn,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

CAUSEWAYEND,  railway  station,  5J 
miles  south  -  west  of  Borrowstownness, 
Linlithgowshire. 

CAUSEWAYEND,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Mid-Calder  parish,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

CAUSEWAYHEAD,  village,  1£  mile  north 
of  Stirling.     It  has  a  post  office  under 


Stirling,  a  railway  station,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  110  scholars.    Pop.  370. 
CAUSEWAYSIDE,  suburb  of  Tollcross, 

CAUSEWAY-STONES,  village  in  Blantyre 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  464. 

CAVA,  island  in  Orphir  parish,  Orkney. 

CAVENS,  seat  in  Kirkbean  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. A  castellated  residence  of 
the  Regent  Morton  stood  on  a  spot  near. 

CAVE  OF  GOLD,  basaltic  cavern  near 
Loch  Staffin,  Isle  of  Skye. 

CAVE  OF  THE  KETTLE,  coast  cavern, 
with  vertical  shaft  discharging  lofty  jet 
d'eau,  at  Tighary  Point,  in  North  Uist, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

CAVERS,  parish,  containing  the  post 
office  village  of  Denholm,  in  Roxburgh- 
shire. Its  length  is  nearly  12  miles ;  its 
breadth,  in  some  parts,  not  much  more 
than  2  miles  ;  its  area  18,254  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £15,896.  Pop.  1318. 
The  Teviot  bounds  its  north-west  side,  and 
the  Rule  its  north-east  end.  The  surface 
near  these  streams  is  partly  rich  alluvial 
land  ;  farther  back  is  a  beautiful  as- 
semblage of  undulation,  dale,  ravine,  and 
hill,  terminating  in  part  of  Ruberslaw 
Mountain  ;  in  the  extreme  south,  is  mostly 
bleak,  moorish,  and  mountainous.  Cavers 
House  is  the  only  mansion.  The  churches 
are  Established,  Free,  and  Congregational. 
There  are  3  schools  for  Cavers  and  Kirkton, 
with  accommodation  for  467  scholars,  and 
2  of  them  and  enlargements  with  accom- 
modation for  291  are  new. 

CAVERS-CARRE,  seat  in  Bowden  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

CAVERTON,  village,  4|  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Kelso,  Roxburghshire.  It 
has  a  public  school  with  about  56  scholars. 

CAVERTON  EDGE,  extensive  moor  near 
Caverton  village,  Roxburghshire.  It  was 
formerly  used  for  the  Kelso  races. 

CAWDOR,  village  in  Nairnshire,  and 
parish  partly  also  in  Inverness-shire.  The 
village  stands  5J  miles  south-west-by-south 
of  Nairn ;  has  a  post  office  under  Nairn, 
an  Established  church,  a  Free  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  99  scholars, 
and  gives  the  titles  of  baron  and  earl  to 
a  branch  of  the  family  of  Campbell. — The 
parish  extends  about  3^  miles  along  Nairn 
river,  varies  in  breadth  there  from  about 
1  mile  to  5  miles,  and  has  an  offset  across 
Findhorn  river  to  the  extent  of  more  than 
16  miles.  Acres,  in  Nairnshire,  27,414 ; 
in  Inverness-shire,  1952.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £4500  and  £599.  Pop.  959  and 
111.  The  tract  along  the  Nairn,  to 
the  breadth  of  about  a  mile,  is  cultivated 
plain,  and  the  surface  thence  rises  into 
ranges  of  considerable  hills.  Cawdor 
Castle,  partly  a  grand  structure  of  14th 
century,  is  the  seat  of  Earl  Cawdor,  was 
a  hiding-place  of  Lord  Lovat  after  the 
battle  of  Culloden,  and  is  traditionally 
but  foolishly  alleged  to  have  been  the 
scene  of  the  murder  of  King  Duncan  by 
Macbeth.    The  churches  are  Established 


CAW 


85 


CHA 


and  Free,  and  there  are  2  new  public 
schools  with  accommodation  for  176 
scholars. 

CAWPLA,  burn  and  lake  in  Neilston 
parish,  Eenfrewshire. 

CEANNABIN,  mountain  in  Durness  par- 
ish, Sutherland. 

CEANNAMHARA,  bold  headland,  cloven, 
shattered,  and  swarming  with  seafowl,  at 
western  extremity  of  Tyree  Island,  Argyle- 
shire.  . 

CEANNARD,  lake  on  Grandtully  Hill, 
Dull  parish,  Perthshire. 

CEANNARD,  rivulet  traversing  Strath- 
ceannard,  in  Coigach  district,  Cromarty- 
shire. 

CEANNLOCH,  rivulet  entering  head  of 
Loch  Roag,  in  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CEAN- RESORT,  mountain  at  head  of 
Loch  Resort,  in  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CEATHRAMHGARBH,  district  between 
Loch  Inchard  and  Loch  Laxford,  Edder- 
achyllis  parish,  Sutherland. 

CELLAR,  headland  in  north-east  of 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CELLARDYKE,  fishing  town  contiguous 
to  Anstruther,  on  south-east  coast  of  Fife. 
It  got  its  name  from  storage  cellars  for 
fish  ;  it  forms  part  of  the  royal  burgh  of 
Kilrenny ;  and  it  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Anstruther,  a  banking  office,  and 
infant  and  female  public  schools  with 
about  134  and  55  scholars.    Pop.  2568. 

CERES,  town  and  parish  in  east  centre 
of  Fife.  The  town  stands  on  burn  of  its 
own  name,  2J  miles  south-east  of  Cupar  ; 
includes  the  suburbs  of  Bridgend  and 
Glaidney ;  carries  on  considerable  manu- 
facture of  brown  linen ;  and  has  a  post 
office,with  most  departments,  under  Cupar, 
a  public  green,  an  Established  church, 
a  Free  church,  2  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  a  public  school  with  about  184 
scholars,  and  the  burial  vault  of  the 
Earls  of  Crawford.  Pop.  839.  —  The 
parish  contains  also  the  villages  of  Craig- 
rothie  and  Chance  Inn,  but  excludes  the 
suburb  of  Glaidney.  Its  length  is  6£ 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3f  miles ;  its 
urea  10,075  acres.  Real  property  in  1880- 
81,  £17,541.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2063; 
quoad  sacra,  1963.  The  surface  is 
pleasantly  diversified,  but  mainly  consists 
of  fine  valley  screened  by  Tarvet  Hill  and 
Magus  Moor.  Limestone  is  largely  worked, 
building  stone  is  extensively  quarried, 
and  coal  abounds,  but  is  not  now  worked. 
A  basaltic  colonnade  is  onNewbiggingfarm. 
Teasses  and  Edenwood  are  principal  seats ; 
Craighall  House  and  Struthers  House  are 
ruins ;  and  a  tower  about  50  feet  high  is 
on  Scotstarvet  estate.  There  are  4  schools 
for  497  scholars,  and  an  enlargement  of 
1  of  them  for  100  is  new. 

CESSFORD,  village  and  old  castle  in 
east  of  Roxburghshire.  The  village  stands 
on  burn  of  its  own  name,  6£  miles  south- 
east of  Jedburgh,  and  gives  the  titles  of 
baron  and  marquis  to  the  Duke  of  Rox- 


burghe. — The  castle  was  the  residence  of 
the  Duke  of  Roxburghe's  ancestors ; 
figured  in  many  events  of  the  Border 
raids  and  warfare ;  had  a  strength  not 
much  less  than  that  of  Dunbar  and  Fast 
Castles ;  and  is  now  represented  by  a 
ruined  massive  keep,  with  frightful 
dungeon. 

CESSNOCK,  rivulet,  running  about  9 
miles  north-north-westward  to  the  Irvine, 
at  2  miles  below  Galston,  Ayrshire. 

CHALMERS,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  east- 
ern part  of  Glasgow.    Pop.  4415. 

CHAMPFLEURIE,  seat,  2J  miles  east  of 
Linlithgow. 

CHANCE  INN,  village  midway  between 
Ceres  and  Cupar,  Fife. 

CHANCE  INN,  place  in  Inverkeilor  par- 
ish, Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Forfarshire. 

CHANLOCK,  verdant  round  hill  in  Pen- 
pont  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CHANNELKIRK,  parish  in  extreme 
north-west  of  Berwickshire.  Post  town, 
Lauder.  Length,  nearly  8  miles  ;  greatest 
breadth,  5  miles  ;  area,  14,191  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £8524.  Pop.  607. 
The  surface  is  an  assemblage  of  hills  and 
vales,  among  the  Lammermoors,  in  upper 
part  of  basin  of  the  Leader.  The  hills  are 
mostly  bleak  and  heathy,  and  the  vales 
comprise  about  3000  acres  of  arable  land. 
Oxton  village  is  in  the  south-east.  The 
parochial  church  contains  about  300 
sittings,  and  the  public  school  has  accom- 
modation for  169  scholars. 

CHANONRY,  town  and  headland  in 
Rosemarkie  parish,  Ross-shire.  The  town 
stands  on  the  coast  about  ^  mile  south- 
west of  Rosemarkie  burgh  ;  took  the  name 
of  Chanonry  from  being  the  canonry  and 
bishop's  seat  of  Ross ;  and  was  united  to 
Rosemarkie  burgh  in  the  time  of  James 
II.,  under  the  common  name  of  Fortrose. 
The  headland  projects  east-south-eastward 
to  vicinity  of  Fort-George,  contracts  Moray 
Firth  there  to  a  width  of  ly  mile,  and  has 
a  ferry  station  and  a  lighthouse,  the  latter 
with  a  fixed  light  visible  at  the  distance  of 
11  nautical  miles. 

CHAPEL,  any  spot  which  is  or  was  the 
site  of  an  ancient  chapel,  as  in  the  par- 
ishes of  Bothwell,  Crawford,  Dirleton, 
Kelso,  Larbert,  Dalserf,  Lauder,  Lillies- 
leaf,  Tynron,  and  New  Kilpatrick. 

CHAPEL,  small  village  in  Newtyle  par- 
ish, Forfarshire. 

CHAPEL,  village  contiguous  to  Gateside, 
in  Neilston  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

CHAPEL,  village  in  Cambusnethan  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire.    Pop.  414. 

CHAPEL,  village  in  Abbotshall  parish, 
Fife. 

CHAPELDEN,  place,  with  remains  of 
ancient  chapel,  in  Aberdour  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

CHAPEL-DERMID,  place,  with  remains 
of  ancient  burying-ground,  in  Row  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 


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86 


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CHAPEL-DOCKIE,  site  of  ancient  chapel 
in  Monifieth  parish,  Forfarshire. 

CH  APEL-D  ON  AN ,  site  of  ancient  chapel 
in  Girvan  parish,  Ayrshire. 

CHAPELFIELD,  site  of  ancient  chapel 
in  Abbey  St.  Bathans  parish,  Berwick- 
shire. 

CHAPELFIELD,  site  of  ancient  chapel 
and  burying -ground  in  Edrom  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

CHAPELFIELD,  site  of  ancient  church, 
with  remains  of  ancient  burying-ground,  in 
Dunlichity  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

CHAPEL-GARDEN,  place,  with  remains 
of  ancient  chapel,  in  "Wemyss  parish, 
Fife. 

CHAPELGILL,  mountain,  2282  feet 
high,  5  miles  south-south-west  of  Brough- 
ton,  Peeblesshire. 

CHAPEL  -  GREEN,  place,  _  with  public 
school,  in  Kilsyth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

CHAPELHALL,  town,  2  miles  north-by- 
east  of  Holytown,  Lanarkshire.  It  stands 
adjacent  to  extensive  collieries,  has  exten- 
sive ironworks,  is  quite  modern  and  well 
built,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Airdrie, 
a  Free  church,  and  a  Roman  Catholic 
church.    Pop.  1829. 

CHAPELHILL,  any  eminence  now  or 
formerly  crowned  with  ancient  chapel,  as 
in  the  parishes  of  Culter,  Dundonald, 
Kirkmahoe,  Logie,  Monedie,  Muthil,  Rob- 
erton,  Rothes,  Rothesay,  Tarbat,  and 
Trinity-Gask. 

CHAPELHILL,  eminence  on  the  Clyde, 
near  Old  Kilpatrick  village,  Dumbarton- 
shire. It  was  occupied  by  the  western 
terminal  forts  of  Antoninus'  Wall,  and  it 
has  yielded  many  Roman  relics. 

CHAPELHILL,  place,  with  United  Pres- 
byterian church,  in  Nigg  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

CHAPELHILL,  village  in  Monzie  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CHAPELHOPE,  hill  on  west  side  of 
Loch-of-the-Lowes,  on  south-west  border 
of  Selkirkshire.  It  has  the  site  of  an 
ancient  chapel,  and  is  crowned  with  a 
massive  monument,  erected  about  1862,  to 
Hogg,  the  '  Ettrick  Shepherd.' 

CHAPELKNOWE,  site  of  celebrated 
chapel  on  Old  Melrose  peninsula,  Rox- 
burghshire. The  chapel  succeeded  a  Cul- 
dee  establishment,  was  erected  in  the 
time  of  Malcolm  in.,  figured  as  a  great 
resort  of  pilgrims,  and  was  burnt  by  the 
English  in  the  time  of  Robert  Bruce. 

CHAPELKNOWE,  village,  7|  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Langholm,  Dumfriesshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Dumfries- 
shire, and  a  United  Presbyterian  church. 

CHAPELKNOWE,  site  of  ancient  chapel 
at  west  end  of  Leitholm  village,  Berwick- 
shire. 

CHAPEL-LAROCH,  site  of  ancient  chapel, 
in  Drymen  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

CHAPEL-OF-GARIOCH,  parish,  contain- 
ing the  post  office  and  railway  station  of 
Pitcaple,  in  Garioch  district,  Aberdeen- 
shire.   Its  length  is  10  miles  ;  its  greatest 


breadth  5  miles  ;  its  area  13,059  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £13,181.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1923 ;  quoad  sacra,  1780. 
The  river  Ury  intersects  the  broadest 
part,  and  the  river  Don  traces  the 
southern  boundary.  The  land  is  uneven, 
but  neither  mountainous  nor  hilly.  A 
notable  place  is  the  battlefield  of  Harlaw. 
The  seats  are  Pitcaple,  Pitrodie,  Fetternear, 
and  Logie-Elphinstone ;  and  the  antiquities 
are  a  Caledonian  stone  circle,  the  hiero- 
glyphic Maiden  stone,  the  ruined  Balquhain 
Castle,  and  part  of  Pitcaple  Castle.  The 
churches  are  2  Established  and  2  Free. 
There  are  3  schools  for  388  scholars,  and  1 
of  them  and  class-rooms  for  200  are  new. 

CHAPEL-PARK,  place,  with  vestige  of 
ancient  monastery,  in  Ladykirk  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

CHAPEL  -  PATRICK,  site  of  ancient 
chapel  in  Portpatrick  parish,  Wigton- 
shire. 

CHAPEL-RONE,  site  of  ancient  chapel 
in  Dalserf  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CHAPELROSSAN,  bay  and  hamlet  in 
Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

CHAPELSHADE,  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Dundee.  It  has  an  Established  church 
and  a  Free  church.    Pop.  5989. 

CHAPELTON,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire. 
The  village  stands  about  5  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Hamilton,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Hamilton,  an  Established 
church,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  76  scholars.  Pop.  721. — The 
quoad  sacra  parish  was  constituted  in  1875. 
Pop.  937. 

CHAPELTON,  one  of  the  villages  or 
sections  of  Cambuslang  town,  Lanark- 
shire. 

CHAPELTON,  hamlet  inGlenlivet,  Banff- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Ballindal- 
loch  and  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel. 

CHAPELTON,  hamlet  in  Borgue  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CHAPELTON,  place,  with  burying-ground 
and  remains  of  ancient  chapel,  in  Inver- 
keilor  parish,  Forfarshire. 

CHAPELTON,  property  in  Fetteresso 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

CHAPELTON,  site  of  ancient  chapel  and 
burying  -  ground,  in  Cumbernauld  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

CHAPELTON,  place,  with  ancient  bury- 
ing-ground, in  Rescobie  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

CHAPELTON,  site  of  ancient  chapel  in 
Methlick  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CHAPELTON,  place,  with  vestige  of 
ancient  chapel,  in  Leslie  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

CHARLESTON,  southern  suburb  of 
Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

CHARLESTON,  village  in  Glammis 
parish,  Forfarshire.  ft 

CHARLESTON,,  village  in  Rathien  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CHARLESTON,  village  in  Knockbaiii 
parish,  Ross-shire. 


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87 


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CHARLESTON,  village  in  Nigg  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

CHARLESTON,  Deeside,  Aberdeenshire. 
See  Aboyne. 

CHARLESTOWN,  seaport  village  on 
Firth  of  Forth,  adjacent  to  Limekilns,  4 
miles  west  of  Inverkeithing,  Fife.  It  was 
founded  in  1778,  serves  chiefly  for  exporta- 
tion of  lime  and  coal,  acquired  a  break- 
water and  great  improvement  of  its  harbour 
in  1876,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  all  de- 
partments, under  Dunfermline,  andapublic 
school  with  about  87  scholars.    Pop.  557. 

CHARLESTOWN,  Banffshire.  See  Aber- 

LOUR. 

CHARLETON,  seat  near  Elie,  Fife. 
CHARLETON,  seat  near  St.  Andrews, 
Fife. 

CHARLETON,  seat  near  Dubton  railway- 
station,  Forfarshire. 

CHARLOTTE  (FORT).    See  Lerwick. 

CHARLOTTE  (PORT).  See  Port-Char- 
lotte. 

CHARNAC,  lake  in  Eosskeen  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

CHARNAN,  sea-loch,  with  small  harbour, 
in  South  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CHARTERHALL,  seat  in  Fogo  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

CHARTERS,  all  Southdean  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire, the  upper  section  of  that 
parish  being  Southdean-Proper. 

CHARTERS  CHESTS,  oave  in  steep  shelv- 
ing rock  on  the  Dee,  in  Braemar,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

CHARTERSHALL,  hamlet,  with  distil- 
lery, 3^  miles  south  of  Stirling. 

CHATELHERAULT,  ducal  summer-house 
in  ravine  of  the  Avon,  within  Hamilton 
wood,  near  Hamilton,  Lanarkshire.  It  was 
built  in  1730,  has  decorations  in  the  style 
of  Louis  Quatorze,  and  .shows  a  fantastic 
fa9ade.  The  Duke  of  Hamilton  bears  the 
French  title  of  Duke  of  Chatelherault, 
dating  from  1548. 

CHEESE  BAY,  natural  harbour  on  north- 
east of  North  Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CHEESE  WELL,  spring,  long  held  in 
superstitious  awe,  on  Minchmoor  Moun- 
tain, 7^  miles  west-north-west  of  Selkirk. 

CHERRYBANK,  village  in  East  Church 
parish,  Perth.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Perth,  and  a  public  school  with  about  135 

CHERRYTREES,  seat  in  Yetholm  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

CHESTERBANK,  estate,  with  site  of 
ancient  camp,  in  Ayton  parish,  Berwick- 
shire. 

CHESTERHALL,  seat  in  Cranston  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

CHESTERHILL,  village  in  Cranston 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

CHESTERHILL,  mound,  with  fine  well 
and  site  of  ancient  edifice,  at  west  end  of 
Anstruther,  Fife. 

CHESTERLEES,  place,  with  remains  of 
ancient  camp,  in  Dolphinton  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CHESTERPARK,   place,   with   site  of 


Roman  camp,  in  Newtyle  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

CHESTERS,  seat  on  the  Teviot,  in 
Ancrum  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

CHESTERS,  place,  with  remains  of 
Roman  camp,  in  Fogo  parish,  Berwick- 
shire. 

CHESTERS,  steep  conical  eminence,  with 
ancient  camp,  in  Manor  parish,  Peebles- 
shire. 

CHESTERS,  ancient  camp  in  Kirkurd 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

CHESTERS,  ancient  camp  of  5  or  6  acres, 
in  Bolton  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

CHESTHILL,  seat  in  Fortingal  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CHEVIOTS,  broad  mountain  range,  about 
45  miles  long,  on  mutual  border  of  Scotland 
and  England.  It  culminates  at  2668  feet 
above  sea-level  on  Cheviot-Proper,  13  miles 
south  -  south  -  east  of  Kelso  ;  it  consists 
chiefly  of  domical  or  sugar-loafed  forms, 
amassed  like  clustering  cones  ;  it  is  mostly 
green  pasture  grazed  by  the  fine-woolled 
sheep  called  from  it  the  Cheviots  ;  and  it 
includes  many  scenes  of  the  tumult  and 
bloodshed  of  the  Border  raids. 

CHICKEN,  headland  in  Stornoway 
parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CHIRMAT,  wooded  hill  in  Borthwick 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

CHIRNSIDE,  village  and  parish  in  east 
of  Merse  district,  Berwickshire.  The 
village  stands  about  a  mile  east-south-east 
of  railway  station  of  its  own  name,  4| 
miles  east-north-east  of  Dunse  ;  occupies 
the  slope  of  a  rounded,  broad-based  hill, 
commanding  an  extensive  view,  and  de- 
clining to  the  left  side  of  Whitadder 
river  ;  consists  chiefly  of  two  streets,  nearly 
in  the  lines  of  the  letter  T ;  and  has  a 
post  office  with  all  departments,  designated 
of  Berwickshire,  a  banking  office,  2  inns, 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
116  scholars.  _  Pop.  939.  —  The  parish 
measures  3^  miles  by  3,  and  comprises  5553 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £13,222. 
Pop.  1516.  The  surface,  with  exception  of 
Chirnside  Hill,  is  all  a  rich  plain.  The 
seats  are  Ninewells  and  Mains.  There  are 
2  schools  with  accommodation  for  215 
scholars. 

CHISHOLM,  large  estate  in  Kilmorack 
parish,  Inverness-shire.  It  exhibits  much 
picturesque  scenery,  and  includes  a  gorge 
called  Chisholm's  Pass,  presenting  some 
resemblance  to  Killiecrankie  and  the 
Trossachs. 

CHISHOLME,  seat  in  Roberton  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

CHOARIC,  island-in  Loch  Eriboll,  Suther- 
land. 

CHON,  picturesque  lake,  2  miles  long, 
in  Aberfoyle  parish,  Perthshire. 

CHORRH,  lake  in  Kincardine  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

CHRIST'S  KIRK,  ancient  parish,  now 
part  of  Kinnethmont,  Aberdeenshire. 

CHRYSTON,  village  and  quoad  sacra 


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88 


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parish  on  north  border  of  Lanarkshire. 
The  village  stands  1|  mile  north-north- 
east of  Garnkirk  railway  station,  and  has 
an  Established  church  and  a  Free  church, 
2  public  schools  with  about  252  scholars, 
and  a  recent  monument  to  Walter  Watson, 
author  of  '  Chryston  Fair'  and  other  poems. 
Pop.,  of  the  village,  with  Muirhead,  721 ; 
of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  3179. 

CILLIECHRIST,  or  KILCHRIST,  ancient 
chapelry  in  Urray  parish,  Ross-shire.  Its 
cbapel  was  the  scene,  in  early  part  of  17th 
century,  of  a  dreadful  tragedy,  known  as 
the  'Raid  of  Cilliechrist.'  The  burying- 
ground  of  the  chapelry  still  exists. 

CIR-VOHR,  mountain-ridge  in  centre  of 
northern  half  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 
It  measures  about  1\  miles  in  length,  and 
has  a  sharp,  jagged  summit-line,  with  at 
least  6  peaks  upwards  of  2000  feet  high. 

CLACHAIG,  place  in  Dunoon  parish, 
Argyllshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Greenock. 

CLACHAN,  Dumbartonshire.  See  Luss 
and  Roseneath. 

CLACHAN,  hamlet  in  Portree  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  27  scholars. 

CLACHAN,  hamlet  in  Farr  parish, 
Sutherland.  It  contains  the  parochial 
church. 

CLACHAN,  hamlet  in  Penningham  par- 
ish, Wigtonshire.  It  contains  the  ruined 
old  parochial  church,  with  burying- 
ground. 

CLACHAN,  hamlet  near  Balfron,  Stir- 
lingshire. It  has  a  United  Presbyterian 
church. 

CLACHAN,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  See 
Dalry. 

CLACHAN,  lake,  emitting  head  streams 
of  the  river  Nairn,  in  tast  of  Inverness- 
shire. 

CLACHAN,  narrow  strait  between  Seil 
Island  and  Lorn  mainland,  Argyleshire. 

CLACHAN,  Stirlingshire.    See  Campsie. 

CLACHAN,  village  in  Lismore  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

CLACHAN,  village  in  Kilcalmonell  par- 
ish, Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Greenock,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  58  scholars. 

CLACHANHEUGH,  rocky  promontory  on 
west  side  of  Loch  Ryan,  Wigtonshire. 

CLACHBEN,  hill-summit,  912  feet  high, 
in  northern  part  of  Jura  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

CLACHLAND,  headland  on  north  side  of 
Lamlash  Bay,  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

CLACHNABANE,  mountain,  1906  feet 
high,  with  extensive  view,  in  Strachan 
parisb,  Kincardineshire. 

CLACHNAHARRY,  village  at  mouth  of 
Caledonian  Canal,  about  a  mile  west  of 
Inverness.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Inverness,  a  railway  station,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  146  scholars.  Pop. 
277.  Adjacent  rocks  gave  origin  to  its 
name,  signifying  '  Watchman's  Stone  ; ' 
were  the  station  of  a  sentinel  in  the  old 


times  to  announce  the  approach  of  marau- 
ders ;  and  are  crowned  with  a  pillar  com- 
memorative of  a  battle,  in  14th  century, 
between  the  Munroes  and  the  Clan 
Chattan. 

CLACHOG,  headland  in  south-west  of 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

CLACKMANNAN,  town  and  parish  in 
Clackmannanshire.  The  town  stands  2 
miles  east-by-south  of  Alloa  ;  was  for  ages 
the  seat  of  the  chief  of  the  Bruces ;  con- 
tains an  ancient,  thick  -  walled  tower, 
believed  to  have  been  built  by  King 
Robert  Bruce ;  is  nominally  the  capital 
of  Clackmannanshire,  but  mostly  super- 
seded in  that  character  by  Alloa  ;  includes 
a  spacious  main  street,  considerably  edi- 
ficed  with  mean  houses  ;  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Alloa,  a  railway  station,  a 
county  hall,  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  135  scholars.  Pop.  1503. — 
The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Sauchie,  Fishcross,  New  Sauchie,  Kennet, 
Westfield,  and  Forest  Mill.  Its  length 
is  6  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about  4 
miles  ;  its  area  9427  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £19,003.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
4518;  quoad  sacra,  2758.  The  Forth 
forms  the  south-western  boundary,  and 
the  South  Devon  traverses  the  interior. 
The  land  for  about  1^  mile  from  the 
Forth  is  rich,  flat  carse,  and  elsewhere  is 
partly  valley,  partly  undulated  slope,  and 
partly  low  hill.  Coal  and  ironstone 
abound  and  are  largely  worked.  The 
chief  seats  are  Schaw  Park,  Kennet 
House,  Kennet  Pans,  Brucefield,  Aber- 
dona,  and  Kilbagie.  There  are  6  schools 
for  811  scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  an 
enlargement  for  350  are  new. 

CLACKMANNAN  POW,  harbour  on  the 
Forth,  at  mouth  of  South  Devon  river,  \\ 
mile  south-east  of  Alloa,  Clackmannan- 
shire. 

CLACKMANNANSHIRE,  county  adjacent 
to  south-eastern  parts  of  Perthshire.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  water-sheds  of 
the  Ochil  Hills,  on  the  south  and  the 
south-west  by  the  Forth.  Its  length  is  10 
miles ;  its  breadth  8  miles ;  its  area  50 
square  miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£123,849.  Pop.,  in  1871,  23,747 ;  in  1881, 
25,677.  The  surface  adjacent  to  the  Forth 
is  carse  ;  farther  north  is  variously  valley, 
undulation,  and  low  hill ;  among  the 
Ochils  is  glen  and  brae,  with  fine  sheep 
pasturage.  The  only  parishes  are  Alloa, 
Clackmannan,  Dollar,  Tillicoultry,  part  of 
Logie,  and  small  part  of  Stirling  ;  the  only 
towns  are  Alloa,  Clackmannan,  Tilli- 
coultry, and  most  of  Dollar  ;  and  the  only 
villages,  with  each  more  than  300  inhabi- 
tants, are  Coalsnaughton,  Menstrie,  Tulli- 
body, Devonside,  Fishcross  with  Sauchie, 
and  part  of  Causewayhead. 

CLADACH,  headland  in  south-west  of 
Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CLADICH,  hamlet  on  east  side  of  Loch 
Awe,  10  miles  north  of  Inverary,  Argyle- 


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89 


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shire.  It  has  a  post  office  designated  of 
Argyleshire,  an  inn,  and  a  public  school. 

CLAGGAN,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Morvern  parish,  Argyleshire. 

CLAIG,  ruined  ancient  fortalice  on 
Freuch  Isle,  in  Sound  of  Islay,  Argyle- 
shire. 

CLAIGEAN,  bay  on  east  side  of  Islay 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

CLAIRINCH,  islet  near  south  side  of 
Inchcallioch,  in  Loch  Lomond. 

CLAISTRAN,  seat  in  Orphir  parish, 
Orkney. 

CLAMSHELL,  basaltic  cave,  130  feet  long, 
in  Staffa  islet,  Argyleshire. 

CLANYARD,  bay  and  ruined  baronial 
fortalice  in  Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigton- 
shire. 

CLAONAIG,  rivulet  in  Saddell  parish, 
Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

CLAONARY,  village  in  Inverary  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

CLARE,  lake,  4  miles  south-by-west  of 
Kinlochewe,  Ross-shire. 

CLAREBAND,  village  in  Crossmichael 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CLARENCEFIELD,  village,  2  miles  east 
of  Ruthwell,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Annan. 

CLARILAW,  place  in  Wilton  parish, 
Roxburghshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  58  scholars. 

CLARKSTON,  suburb  of  Airdrie  and 
quoad  sacra  parish,  Lanarkshire.  The 
suburb  stands  considerably  east  of  Airdrie, 
is  conjoint  with  Drumgelloch,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Airdrie,  a  railway  station, 
a  church  originally  built  as  a  chapel-of- 
ease,  and  a  public  school  with  about  285 
scholars.  The  quoad  sacra  parish  contains 
also  a  chapel  -  of  -  ease  at  Meadowfield. 
Pop.  7073. 

CLARKSTON,  railway  station,  4  miles 
north  of  Eaglesham,  Renfrewshire. 

CLARKSTONE,  seat  in  Polmont  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

CLARKSTON-TOLL,  village  near  Clark- 
ston  railway  station,  Renfrewshire.  Pop. 
with  Sheddens,  727. 

CLARY,  estate,  with  remains  of  man- 
sion, in  Penningham  parish,  Wigton- 
shire. 

GLASHBENNIE,  large  ancient  standing- 
stone  and  sandstone  quarry,  in  Errol 
parish,  Perthshire. 

CLASHCARNACH,  small  harbour,  3  miles 
east  of  Cape  Wrath,  Sutherland. 

CLASHMACH,  hiU  in  Huntly  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CLASHMORE,  hamlet  in  Dornoch  par- 
ish, Sutherland.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Dornoch,  and  an  inn. 

CLASHNESSIE,  bay  and  village  in  Assynt 
parish,  Sutherland. 

CLASKEN,  lake  between  Glassary  and 
Loch  Fyne,  Argyleshire. 

CLATCHARD,  precipitous  basaltic  crag 
a  little  south-east  of  Newburgh,  Fife. 

CLATHEY,  village  in  Gask  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 


CLATHICK,  seat  in  Monivaird  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CLATT,  village  and  parish  in  Garioch 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village  stands 
10  miles  south  of  Huntly,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Kinnethmont.  The  parish  mea- 
sures about  4  miles  by  3,  and  comprises 
5711  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£4101.  Pop.  452.  Some  rising  grounds 
are  in  the  north-west,  high  hills  are  in  the 
south,  and  a  plain,  with  elevation  of  about 
600  feet  above  sea-level,  forms  all  the  rest 
of  the  surface.  The  church  contains  290 
sittings,  and  the  public  school  has  about 
70  scholars. 

CLATTERING  BRIGGS,  hamlet  in  For- 
doun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

CLATTO,  seat  and  hill  in  St.  Andrews 
parish,  Fife. 

CLAVA,  place,  with  public  school  and 
assemblage  of  ancient  Caledonian  stone 
circles,  in  Croy  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

CLAVEN,  low  hill-range  in  Dundonald 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

CLAVERHOUSE,  village  and  estate  in 
Mains  parish,  Forfarshire.  The  village 
has  a  post  office  under  Dundee.  Pop.  120. 
The  estate  belonged  to  Viscount  Dundee, 
the  persecutor  of  the  Covenanters  ;  and  it 
now  has,  on  the  site  of  his  extinct  man- 
sion, a  monumental  structure  in  form  of 
a  ruin. 

CLAY,  sea-loch  in  south  of  Lochs  parish, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CLAYBARNS,  village  in  Newton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

CLAYHOLE,  suburb  of  Stranraer,  Wig- 
tonshire. 

CLAYHOUSE,  village  in  Borthwick  par- 
ish, Edinburghshire. 

CLAYPOTS,  castellated  structure  of  16th 
century,  about  a  mile  north  -  west  of 
Broughty-Ferry,  Forfarshire. 

CLAYQUHAT,  district  of  Blairgowrie 
parish,  Perthshire. 

CLAYSHANK,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
Stonykirk,  Wigtonshire. 

CLEARBURN,  quondam  village  in  Dud- 
dingstone  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

CLEARBURN,  small  lake  in  Yarrow  par- 
ish, Selkirkshire. 

CLEAT,  seat  adjacent  to  Pierowall 
village,  in  Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

CLEEKHIMIN,  suburb  of  Carfin,  Lanark- 
shire. 

CLEGHORN,  railway  station  and  seat  2| 
miles  west  of  Carstairs  Junction,  Lanark- 
shire. The  station  is  on  the  Caledonian 
Railway,  adjacent  to  deflection  of  the  line 
to  Lanark  and  Douglas.  The  seat  has  a 
picturesque,  well- wooded  park,  containing 
vestiges  of  a  very  large  Roman  camp. 

CLEISH,  village  and  parish  in  Kinross- 
shire.  The  village  stands  about  3  miles 
south-south-west  of  Kinross,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Kinross.  The  parish 
measures  6£  miles  in  length,  and  2\  miles 
in  greatest  breadth,  and  comprises  6201 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £7028. 
Pop.  498.      The  arable  land  lies  from 


CLE 


90 


CLO 


380  to  500  feet  above  sea-level ;  and  the 
Cleish  Hills,  on  the  boundary  with  Fife, 
rise  to  altitudes  of  from  1030  to  1215  feet. 
The  chief  seat  is  Blair- Adam,  and  the  chief 
antiquity  is  traces  of  an  ancient  fort  or 
camp  on  highest  of  the  Cleish  Hills.  The 
church  contains  upwards  of  400  sittings, 
and  the  public  school  has  about  37 
scholars. 

CLELAND,  town  on  the  South  Calder,  3f 
miles  south-east  of  Holytown,  Lanark- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Mother- 
well, a  railway  station,  extensive  iron- 
works, a  Free  church,  a  Koman  Catholic 
church  of  1877,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  195  scholars,  and  is  near  an  Estab- 
lished church  projected  in  1877.  Pop.,  with 
Omoa,  1503.  Cleland  House,  in  its  vicinity, 
crowns  a  cliff  on  the  South  Calder's  right 
bank  ;  and  a  large  cave,  said  to  have  been 
a  hiding-place  in  the  times  of  Robert 
Bruce  and  of  the  Covenanters,  is  in  the 
cliff. 

CLEMENT  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Aberdeen.    Pop.  7528. 

CLEMENT  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Dundee.    Pop.  5682. 

CLERKINGTON,  seat  on  the  Tyne,  1£ 
mile  south-south-west  of  Haddington. 

CLERKSTON.    See  Clakkston. 

CLERMISTON,  seat  near  Corstorphine, 
Edinburghshire. 

CLESHAM,  mountain,  2662  feet  high,  in 
north  of  Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CLETT,  insulated  rock,  about  400  feet 
high,  adjacent  to  Holborn  Head,  Caithness. 

CLEUGH,  burn,  traversing  romantic 
glen,  and  making  fine  cascades,  in  Sorn 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

CLEUGHBRAE,  hamlet  in  Mouswald 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CLEUGHEARN,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Eglinton,  on  Calder  river,  in  East  Kilbride 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CLEUGHHEADS,  hill,  with  vestiges  of 
two  Koman  camps,  in  Applegarth  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CLEUGHHOUSE,  burn  in  Keir  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CLIGKAMIER,  lake,  with  island  crowned 
by  Scandinavian  tower,  near  Lerwick, 
Shetland. 

CLIFF,  hill  in  Quarff  parish,  Shetland. 
CLIFF,  loch,  3  miles  long,  in  Unst  Island, 
Shetland. 

CLIFF,  sound,  8|  miles  long,  between 
Burra  Islands  and  Mainland,  Shetland. 

CLIFFDALE,  seat  in  Shapinshay  Island, 
Orkney. 

CLIFTON,  mining  village  near  Tyndrum, 
Perthshire. 

CLIFTON,  hamlet  in  Kirkliston  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

CLIFTON,  hill,  quondam  village,  and 
ancient  chapelry,  in  Morebattle  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

CLIFTON-HALL,  estate  in  Kirkliston 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

CLIFTON-PARK,  seat  in  Linton  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 


CLIMPY,  coal-field  in  Carnwath  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CLINTMAINS,  hamlet  in  Merton  parish, 
Berwickshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Newton  St.  Boswells. 

CLINTS,  hill  in  Channelkirk  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

CLINTS,  lofty  hill  in  Kirkmabreck  par- 
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CLINTWOOD,  quondam  strong  castle,  on 
Flight  farm,  in  Castleton  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

CLIPPENS,  seat  in  Kilbarchan  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

CLIPPENS-SQUARE,  village  in  Kilbar- 
chan parish,  Renfrewshire.    Pop.  674. 

CLISHEIM.    See  Clesham. 

CLOAK,  quondam  castle  in  Lochwinnoch 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

CLOBER,  seat  in  New  Kilpatrick  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

CLOCH,  small  headland,  with  fine  view, 
at  sudden  bend  of  Firth  of  Clyde,  2f  miles 
west-south-west  of  Kempock  Point,  at 
Gourock,  Renfrewshire.  A  circular  light- 
house, 76  feet  high,  is  on  it,  and  shows  a 
fixed  white  light. 

CLOCHAN,  place  near  Fochabers  railway 
station,  Elginshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Fochabers. 

CLOCHCAN,  hamlet  in  Old  Deer  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  135  scholars. 

CLOCHFOLDICH,  seat  on  the  Tay,  be- 
tween Logierait  and  Weem,  Perthshire. 

CLOCHODERICK,  farm,  with  ancient 
stone  22  feet  long,  17  feet  broad,  and  12 
feet  high,  in  Kilbarchan  parish,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

CLOCKSBRIGGS,  railway  station,  2£ 
miles  north-east  of  Forfar. 

CLOGHILL,  seat  in  Newhills  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CLOLA,  hamlet  in  Old  Deer  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen,  and  a  Free  church. 

CLONAIG,  hamlet  in  Saddell  parish, 
Kintyre,  Argyleshire.  It  has  an  Estab- 
lished, church  and  a  public  school. 

CLONCAIRD,  old  seat,  with  modern 
front,  in  Kirkmichael  parish,  Ayrshire. 

CLOON,  hill,  5J  miles  west-by-north  of 
Kinross. 

CLOSEBURN,  village  and  parish  in 
Nithsdale,  Dumfriesshire.  The  village 
stands  2^  miles  south- south-east  of  Thorn- 
hill,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Thornhill, 
a  railway  station,  an  inn,  a  mineral  spring, 
an  Established  church,  a  Free  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  65  scholars. 
— The  parish  measures  10  miles  in  length, 
and  nearly  1\  in  greatest  breadth,  and 
comprises  29,102  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £18,334.  Pop.  1505.  The  Nith 
traces  most  of  the  south-western  boundary ; 
the  Cample  most  of  the  western  ;  and  the 
Ae  most  of  the  eastern.  The  surface  near 
the  Nith  is  rich,  low  valley ;  farther  up  is 
slightly  diversified  arable  plain ;  in  the 
centre  is  an  expanse  of  moor,  partly 


CLO 


91 


CLY 


reclaimed ;  in  the  north  is  part  of  the 
Southern  Highlands,  culminating  on 
Queensberry.  A  striking  natural  feature 
is  Crichup  linn.  Limestone  abounds,  and 
is  largely  worked.  Closeburn  Hall  is  a 
fine  Grecian  mansion,  and  Closeburn 
Castle  is  a  well-preserved  ancient  baronial 
tower.  Wallace  Hall  is  a  large  notable 
endowed  school. 

CLOSTERS,  burn,  passing  site  of  quondam 
ancient  nunnery,  in  Olrig  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

CLOUSTA,  voe  or  bay  in  Sandsting  par- 
ish, Shetland. 

CLOVA,  quoad  sacra  parish  on  north- 
west border  of  Forfarshire.  It  is  united 
politically  to  Cortachy ;  it  consists  chiefly 
of  lofty  portions  of  the  Benchinnan  Moun- 
tains ;  it  includes  an  inhabited  portion 
about  4  miles  long,  and  little  more  than  a 
mile  broad  ;  it  communicates  by  post  with 
Kirriemuir,  14  miles  south-by-east  of  its 
church  ;  and  it  has  a  small  public  school. 
Pop.  105. 

CLOVA,  seat  in  Auchindoir  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

CLOVEN,  cluster  of  abrupt  wooded  emin- 
ences adjacent  to  Forres,  Elginshire.  The 
loftiest  one  is  surmounted  by  a  three- 
storey  octagonal  tower  to  the  memory  of 
Lord  Nelson. 

CLOVENFORD,  village  on  Caddon  rivulet, 
3^  miles  west  of  Galashiels,  Selkirkshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Galashiels,  a 
railway  station,  and  an  inn. 

CLUANY,  lake  about  6  miles  long,  and 
an  inn,  about  25  miles  south-west  of  Inver- 
morriston,  Inverness-shire. 

CLUDEN,  small  river,  formed  by  con- 
fluence of  the  Cairn  and  the  Glenisland, 
and  running  about  7  miles  east-south-east- 
ward to  the  Nith  at  Lincluden,  1J  mile 
north  of  Dumfries. 

CLUDEN,  small  village  in  Holywood 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CLUGGY,  remnant  of  strong  ancient 
castle  in  Monivaird  parish,  Perthshire. 

CLUMLY,  lake  in  Sandwick  parish, 
Orkney. 

CLUN,  birth-place  of  Sir  James  Mack- 
intosh, in  Dores  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

CLUNAS,  place  about  9  miles  from  Nairn. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Nairn. 

CLUNE,  eminences,  with  charming  views, 
in  Carnock  parish,  Fife. 

CLUNES,  railway  station,  1\  miles  west 
of  Inverness. 

CLUNIE,  parish  in  Stormont  district, 
Perthshire ;  averagely  about  4^  miles  west- 
by-south  of  Blairgowrie.  It  contains 
Forneth  post  office  under  Blairgowrie.  Its 
length  is  8^-  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  4 
miles ;  its  area  11,384  acres.  Keal  property 
in  1880-81,  £8018.  Pop.  582.  The  surface 
comprises  small  part  of  Strathmore,  and 
part  of  the  Lower  Grampians ;  ranges  from 
about  150  to  about  1800  feet  of  altitude  above 
sea-level ;  and  includes  about  2500  acres  of 
arable  land.  Loch  Clunie,  a  little  south-east 
of  its  centre,  measures  about  2£  miles  in  cir- 


cuit, and  contains  a  beautiful  islet  with  an 
old  castle  belonging  to  the  Earl  of  Airlie. 
Clunie  Craig  is  a  mass  of  trap  rock,  about 
600  feet  high.  The  chief  seats  are  Forneth 
and  Goudie ;  and  the  antiquities  are 
cairns,  tumuli,  and  vestiges  of  several  for- 
tifications and  of  5  religious  houses.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free  ;  and 
the  public  school  has  about  142  scholars. 

CLUNIE,  rivulet,  running  about  10  miles 
northward  to  the  Dee,  near  Castleton- 
Braemar,  Aberdeenshire. 

CLUNY,  parish,  averagely  14  miles  west- 
north-west  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post  office 
of  its  own  name  under  Aberdeen.  Its 
length  is  about  10  miles  ;  its  breadth  about 
2  miles  ;  its  area  9741  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £7527.  Pop.  1298.  The  surface 
is  intersected  by  Torr  bui'n,  running  north- 
ward to  the  Don  ;  has  mostly  a  warm  dry 
soil ;  and  to  about  four-fifths  of  its  extent 
is  under  cultivation.  The  seats  are  Cluny 
Castle  and  Castle -Fraser.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free  ;  and  the  public 
school  has  about  100  scholars. 

CLUNY,  seat  in  Marnoch  parish,  Banff- 
shire. 

CLUNY,  estate  in  Rafford  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

CLUNY,  place  in  Kinglassie  parish,  Fife. 
It  has  a  public  school  with  about  143 
scholars. 

CLUNY  CASTLE,  seat  of  the  representa- 
tive of  the  chiefs  of  the  clan  Macpherson, 
9J  miles  west-south-west  of  Kingussie, 
Inverness-shire. 

CLYDE,  river  and  firth  in  south-west 
of  Scotland.  The  river  rises  on  southern 
verge  of  Lanarkshire,  runs  northward  to 
east  base  of  Tinto,  curves  round  north 
base  of  that  mountain,  and  goes  thence 
north-westward,  past  Lanark,  Hamilton, 
and  Glasgow,  to  commencement  of  the  firth 
near  Dumbarton  Castle.  The  distance 
from  its  remotest  source  to  head  of  the 
firth,  measured  in  straight  line,  is  62  miles, 
and  measured  along  its  channel  must  be 
considerably  more  than  100  miles.  Its 
sources  lie  in  central  part  of  Southern 
Highlands,  at  least  1400  feet  above  sea- 
level  ;  its  head-streams  are  numerous, 
rapid,  and  well  stocked  with  fish  ;  and  its 
course,  down  to  Tinto,  is  mostly  flanked 
and  overhung  by  bleak  tame  uplands,  con- 
sisting principally  of  silurian  rocks.  Its 
run  past  Tinto  describes  a  curve  of  about  20 
miles  between  points  only  1\  miles  asunder, 
and  is  slow  and  calm,  on  an  average 
elevation  of  about  572  feet  above  sea- 
level.  It  then  enters  a  region  of  sand- 
stones and  shales,  becomes  about  doubled 
in  volume  by  influx  of  Douglas  river, 
changes  suddenly  into  tumultuous 
torrent,  performs  within  4  miles  its 
series  of  famous  falls,  makes  there  an 
aggregate  descent  of  about  300  feet,  and 
traverses  there  a  succession  of  gorges  and 
defiles  intensely  interesting,  alike  to 
students  of  geology  and  to  admirers  of  the 
picturesque.     Its  flanks,   for  about  12 


CLY 


92 


COA 


miles  onward  from  vicinity  of  Lanark, 
with  average  breadth  of  nearly  6  miles, 
form  a  continuous  graduated  hollow,  aptly 
termed  the  Trough  of  Clyde  ;  have,  on 
both  sides,  successively  haugh,  rising 
ground,  and  elevated  plateau ;  and  are 
so  richly  embellished  with  gardens,  woods, 
and  parks  as  to  be  well  designated  the 
Orchard  of  Scotland.  The  valley  thence, 
to  a  line  about  7  miles  below  Glasgow,  is 
all  a  very  slightly  diversified  plain  on  rich 
\mderlying  coal-field,  relieved  only  by 
2  hill-ridges  in  the  near  distance,  and 
various  heights  in  the  far  horizon.  But 
the  channel  presents  a  marvellous  change  ; 
assumes  at  Glasgow,  for  about  2  miles,  the 
appearance  of  a  broad  continuous  dock, 
crowded  with  shipping ;  and  has  been  so 
deepened,  widened,  straightened,  and 
stone-embanked,  all  the  way  thence  to 
the  firth,  as  to  be  practically  a  deep,  long, 
open  bay,  navigated  by  sea-borne  vessels, 
and  as  uniform  as  a  canal.  The  banks,  at 
from  7  to  11  miles  below  Glasgow,  are 
closely  overhung  on  the  right  by  the 
picturesque  range  of  the  Kilpatrick  Hills, 
and  overlooked  on  the  left  by  the  ornate 
reach  of  the  Bishopton  Hills,  which  ter- 
minate the  Clydesdale  coal-field ;  and  then 
they  suddenly  open  on  the  right,  around 
Dumbarton  Castle,  into  the  long  exquisite 
vista  of  the  vale  of  Leven. 

The  firth,  in  its  first  section,  extends 
about  8  miles  in  almost  direct  line  with  the 
river's  prevalent  course  from  Lanark ;  ex- 
pands there  gradually  from  a  width  of 
about  5  furlongs  to  a  width  of  about 
3^-  miles ;  is  flanked  on  both  sides  at 
near  distance  by  hill-ranges,  with  cul- 
minating height  of  nearly  1000  feet ;  and 
splits  at  the  lower  end  into  the  main 
channel,  striking  to  the  west,  and  Gareloch 
extending  to  the  north-west.  The  main 
channel,  in  the  first  instance,  goes  only 
about  3  miles  to  the  west ;  sends  off  Loch 
Long  to  the  north,  and  Holy  Loch  to  the 
west-north-west ;  has  a  mean  breadth  of 
about  2  miles  ;  and  at  a  line  from  Cloch 
Point  to  Dunoon  turns  suddenly  to  the 
south.  '  The  firth  thence,  for  about  20 
miles,  expands  to  a  width  of  about  5  miles, 
sends  off  the  Kyles  round  the  northern 
part  of  Bute  Island  ;  contains  on  its  east 
side  the  islands  of  Big  and  Little  Cum- 
bray;  and  flings,  from  its  west  side,  the 
Sound  of  Bute,  with  continuation  of  the 
long,  diversified  Loch  Fyne.  It  then 
becomes  a  gulf,  averagely  about  32  miles 
wide,  and  from  45  to  48  miles  long  ;  con- 
tains, on  its  west  side,  the  large  island  of 
Arran ;  curves  on  its  east  side,  opposite 
Arran,  into  the  large  semi- circular  bay  of 
Ayr  ;  has  in  its  middle  the  insulated  lofty 
cone  of  Ailsa  Craig ;  and  merges  at  its 
south  end  into  the  northward  wing  of  the 
Irish  Sea.  The  several  lochs,  bays,  and 
shores  of  the  firth  are  noticed  in  separate 
articles. 

CLYDEBANK,  town  on  right  side  of  the 
Clyde,  near  Dalmuir  railway  station,  Dum- 


bartonshire. It  is  of  quite  recent  origin, 
was  formed  in  connection  with  shipbuilding 
works,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Glasgow,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church 
of  1875-76,  a  United  Presbyterian  church 
of  later  date,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
175  scholars.  Pop.  of  the  town,  1632 ;  of 
the  quoad  sacra  parish,  2892. 

CLYDE  IRONWORKS,  village  near  the 
Clyde,  in  Old  Monkland  parish,  Lanark- 
shire.   Pop.  670. 

CLYDESDALE,  popularly  the  part  of  the 
valley  of  the  Clyde  within  Lanarkshire,  but 
anciently  either  all  that  valley  or  the 
entire  basin  of  the  Clyde. 

CLYDESDALE-ROWS,  village  in  Cam- 
busnethan  parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  785. 

CLYNDER,  hamlet  on  Gareloch,  Dum- 
bartonshire. It  has  a  post  office  under 
Helensburgh,  and  an  iron  United  Pres- 
byterian church  of  1881. 

CLYNE,  parish,  containing  Brora  post 
town  and  railway  station,  on  east  side  of 
Sutherland.  Its  length  is  19  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  7  miles.  Beal  property 
in  1880-81,  £5976.  Pop.  1812.  /  The 
coast  is  low  and  sandy  ;  the  tract  inward 
thence  is  diversified  and  arable ;  the  central 
parts  are  a  picturesque  assemblage  of  glen 
and  upland ;  and  the  most  inland  section 
is  a  mass  of  bleak  lofty  mountain.  Much 
of  the  surface  is  richly  beautified  by 
Strathbeg  and  Brora  rivulets,  and  by  Loch 
Brora.  Chief  objects  are  Castle  Cole  and 
Craigbar.  The  churches  are  Established 
and  Free  ;  and  there  are  2  schools  with 
accommodation  for  290  scholars. 

CLYTH,  harbour,  headland,  and  ruined 
ancient  strong  castle,  10^  miles  south-west 
of  Wick,  Caithness. 

CNOC.    See  Knock. 

COAL  BURN,  streamlet,  running  to  the 
South  Calder,  in  Cambusnethan  parish, 

COALCRAIGIE,  one  of  the  Ochil  Hills  on 
mutual  border  of  Perthshire  and  Kinross- 
shire. 

COALSNAUGHTON,  village,  inhabited 
chiefly  by  colliers,  in  Tillicoultry  parish, 
Clackmannanshire.    Pop.  899. 

COALSTON,  seat  on  the  Tyne,  2  miles 
south  of  Haddington. 

COALTON,  village  in  Markinch  parish, 
Fife.    Pop.  419. 

COALTON,  village  in  Kettle  parish, 
Fife. 

COALTON,  decayed  village  in  Ceres 
parish,  Fife. 

COALTOWN,  village  in  Wemyss  parish, 
Fife.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Dysart. 
Pop.  422. 

COALYBURN,  side  station  on  Dolphinton 
railway,  and  colliery,  in  Linton  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

COALYLAND,  collier  village  and  coal- 
field, in  Alloa  parish,  Clackmannan- 
shire. 

COAT,  ruined  old  castle  on  the  Avon,  in 
Stonehouse  parish,  Lanarkshire. 


COA 


9: 


•3 


coc 


COATBRIDGE,  town  at  convergence  of 
railways,  and  on  Monkland  Canal,  10  miles 
east-by-south  of  Glasgow.  It  is  entirely 
modern  ;  it  stands  in  the  centre  of  many 
ironworks,  many  collieries,  and  many 
establishments  connected  with  mineral 
traffic ;  it  originated,  and  is  maintained, 
by  the  working  of  these  ;  it  lies  under  such 
clouds  of  smoke,  and  such  glare  of  numer- 
ous smelting  furnaces,  as  give  it,  especi- 
ally at  night,  a  startlingly  grim  appearance; 
it  forms,  not  a  compact  town,  but  a  nucleus 
of  good  streets  surrounded  by  straggling 
diverse  suburbs ;  it  comprises,  within  the 
census  limits,  Coatbridge-Proper,  Lang- 
loan,  Gartsherrie,  and  High  Sunnyside, 
but  might  be  regarded  as  including  also 
some  other  edificed  outskirts  ;  and  it  has 
a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
4  banking  offices,  2  hotels,  a  conspicuous 
Established  church,  2  Free  churches, 
United  Presbyterian,  Congregational, 
Evangelical  Union,  Baptist,  Methodist, 
Episcopalian,  and  Eoman  Catholic 
churches,  and  2  public  schools  with  about 
666  scholars.    Pop.  17,500. 

COATDYKE,  town  on  mutual  border  of 
Old  Monkland  and  New  Monkland  par- 
ishes, between  Coatbridge  and  Airdrie, 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  under  Coat- 
bridge.   Pop.  1701. 

COATES,  lands,  now  partly  occupied  by 
St.  Mary's  Cathedral,  Melville  Street,  and 
neighbouring  places  at  west  end  of  New 
Town  of  Edinburgh. 

COATES  (WEST),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
west  of  Coates  lands,  Edinburgh.  The 
church  was  built  in  1869,  and  cost  £7500. 
Pop.  5848. 

COATS,  one  of  the  villages  or  sections  of 
Cambuslang  town,  Lanarkshire. 

COATS,  quoad  sacra  parish  adjacent  to 
Coatbridge,  Lanarkshire.  Its  church  was 
erected  in  1875,  and  is  large  and  hand- 
some.   Pop.  4150. 

COATSHILL,  eminence,  with  moat,  in 
Moffat  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

COATSHILL,  seat  near  Blantyre  Works, 
Lanarkshire. 

COATT,  farm,  with  ancient  Caledonian 
stone  circle,  in  Eskdalemuir  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

COBAIRDY,  seat  in  Forgue  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

COBBLER.    See  Benarthur. 

COBINSHAW,  railway  station,  lake,  and 
village,  near  watershed  between  the  Lo- 
thians  and  Clydesdale,  18^  miles  south- 
west of  Edinburgh.  The  lake  was  formed 
as  reservoir  for  feeding  the  Union  Canal, 
covers  more  than  500  acres,  and  has  been 
stocked  with  trout  and  salmon  ova.  The 
village  has  a  public  school  with  about  70 
scholars. 

COCKAIRNEY,  seat  in  Dalgetty  parish, 
Fife. 

COCK-BRIDGE,  place  on  the  river  Don, 
in  Strathdon  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

COCKBURNLAW,  broad  -  based,  lofty, 


conical  hill,  three-fourths  engirt  by  Whit- 
adder  water,  in  Dunse  parish,  Berwickshire. 

COCKBURNSPATH,  village  and  parish 
in  north-east  corner  of  Berwickshire.  The 
village  stands  near  the  coast,  1\  miles  south- 
east of  Dunbar,  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  a  railway  station, 
a  good  inn,  an  ancient  cross,  a  parochial 
church  with  400  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  130  scholars.  Pop.  233.  — 
The  parish  measures  1\  by  4f  miles,  and 
comprises  12,652  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £12,051.  Pop.  1130.  The  coast 
begins  at  Dunglass  Dean,  on  boundary 
with  Haddingtonshire  ;  extends  4|  miles 
east-south-eastward  to  within  2  miles  of 
Fast  Castle ;  includes  the  remarkable 
features  of  Cove  Harbour,  Redheugh, 
Siccar  Point,  and  mouth  of  Pease  Dean ; 
and  is  all  rocky,  steep,  and  bold.  The 
interior  includes  part  of  the  eastern  or 
lower  Lammermoors  ;  is  diversified  by  hill 
and  dale,  and  partly  intersected  by  deep 
ravines ;  and  consists  mainly  of  arable 
lands  near  the  sea,  and  pastoral  heights  in 
the  centre  and  the  west.  Cockburnspath 
Castle,  about  a  mile  south-east  of  the 
village,  belonged  to  the  Earls  of  Dunbar, 
passed  to  the  Earls  of  Home,  answers 
somewhat  to  the  '  Ravens  wood  Castle  '  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  Bride  of  Lammermoor, 
and  is  now  a  comparatively  small  ruin. 
A  Free  church,  designated  of  Cockburns- 
path, is  at  Oldhamstocks  village,  in  Had- 
dingtonshire ;  and  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  stands  at  Stockbridge,  about  a  mile 
south-west  of  Cockburnspath  village. 

COCKENZIE,  seaport  town  on  the  Forth, 
about  a  mile  north-east  of  Prestonpans, 
Haddingtonshire.  It  includes  the  suburb 
of  Port-Seaton,  exports  large  quantities  of 
coal,  and  has  a  good  harbour,  a  post  office 
under  Prestonpans,  an  Established  church, 
a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  170  scholars.  Its  hai'bour  was  a 
private  one,  constructed  in  1834  at  a  cost 
of  about  £6000,  and  was  about  to  be 
improved  and  to  acquire  a  breakwater  in 
1880  at  a  cost  of  about  £11,000.  Pop.  1612. 

COCKLAW,  burn  in  Walston  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

COCKLAW,  farm,  with  site  of  ancient 
round  tower,  supposed  to  have  been  con- 
nected with  a  Roman  station,  in  Currie 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

COCKLAW,  hill  in  Mordington  parish, 
^Berwickshire 

COCKLAW,"  one  of  the  Cheviots,  1716 
feet  high,  on  the  border  of  Scotland,  8 
miles  south-south-east  of  Yetholm,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

COCKLE,  long  sandy  ridge  in  Renfrew- 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

COCKLE,  rivulet,  running  to  the  Forth, 
at  east  boundary  of  Dalmeny  parish,  Lin- 
lithgowshire. 

COCKLEROI,  hill,  with  extensive  view, 
If  mile  south-south-west  of  Linlithgow. 

COCKPEN,  parish,  containing  Bonny- 
rigg town,  part  of  Lasswade  town,  and  all 


coc 


COL 


Hunterfield,  Dalhousie,  Poltonhall,  Hill- 
head,  Prestonholm,  Skiltiemuir,  Gowks- 
hill,  Westmill,  and  Stobhill  -  Engine 
villages,  in  Edinburghshire.  Its  length  is 
3|  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  2%  miles  ; 
its  area  2950  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £21,071.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
4544 ;  quoad  sacra,  3431.  The  surface 
is  undulated,  but  looks  to  be  flat,  and 
consists  wholly  of  fertile  land.  Coal  and 
good  sandstone  abound.  Dalhousie  Castle, 
a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Dalhousie,  is  a  chief 
feature.  Cockpen  House,  the  residence  of 
the  'Laird  of  Cockpen'  of  Scottish  song, 
stood  on  a  romantic  spot  near  the  castle. 
The  parochial  church  is  a  handsome 
edifice  of  1820,  and  contains  625  sittings. 
Free  churches  are  in  Bonnyrigg  and  Stob- 
hill. There  are  4  schools  with  accom- 
modation for  575  scholars. 

COCKPOOL,  remnant  of  old  baronial 
castle,  in  Buthwell  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

COCKS,  burn,  running  eastward  to  the 
Calder,  in  Lanarkshire. 

COCKUM,  rivulet,  running  southward  to 
the  Gala,  near  Stow  village,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

COE,  rivulet,  traversing  Glencoe,  and 
entering  Loch  Leven,  in  Argyleshire. 

COGRIEBURN,  place  in  Johnstone  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

COICH,  or  QUOICH,  affluent  of  the  Dee, 
in  Crathie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

COIGACH,  district  of  Cromartyshire, 
bounded  by  the  Minch,  Loch  Broom,  Boss- 
shire,  and  Sutherland.  It  is  included  in 
Lochbroom  parish,  contains  Ullapool  vil- 
lage, has  a  post  office  of  its  own  name 
under  that  village,  measures  22  miles  by 
8,  is  mostly  mountainous,  and  contains  the 
fine  vales  of  Strathceannard  and  Bhidorch. 

COIGNAFEARN,  mountain  near  source 
of  Findhorn  river,  Inverness-shire. 

COILA.    See  Coyl. 

COILANTOGLE,  ford  on  Vennachoir 
rivulet,  at  effluence  from  Loch  Venna- 
choir, 2|  miles  south-west  of  Callander, 
Perthshire.  It  was  '  Clan  Alpine's  out- 
most guard,'  the  place  to  which  Boderick 
Dhu  led  Fitz- James ;  ■  but,  for  its  use  as 
a  ford,  it  has  been  superseded  by  a  bridge. 

COILSFIELD,  seat,  f  mile  south-east 
of  Tarbolton,  Ayrshire.  It  was  Burns' 
'  Castle  o'  Montgomery,'  where  his  '  High- 
land Mary '  served  as  dairymaid  ;  it  be- 
longed, in  his  time,  to  Colonel  Hugh 
Montgomery,  who  became  Earl  of  Eglinton ; 
and  it  is  now  called  Montgomery. 

COILTIE,  rivulet,  rising  on  lofty  shoulder 
of  Mealfourvounie  Mountain,  and  running 
impetuously  about  7  miles  to  Loch  Ness,  in 
Inverness-shire. 

COINICH,  seat  and  streamlet  in  Kingair- 
loch,  Argyleshire. 

COINNEAG,  lake  in  Bosskeen  parish, 
Boss -shire. 

COIRE,  lake  in  Daviot  parish,  Inverness- 
shire. 

COIR-NA-FEARN,  lake  in  Farr  parish, 
Sutherland. 


COIR-NAN-URISKIN,  large,  deep,  cir- 
cular hollow,  engirt  by  acclivitous  lofty 
rocks,  on  face  of  Benvenue,  overlooking 
Loch  Katrine,  in  Perthshire. 

COIRUISK.    See  Cokkiskin. 

COLDBACKY,  terminal  part  of  mountain- 
range,  in  Tongue  parish,  Sutherland. 

COLDINGHAM,  village  and  parish  on 
coast  of  Berwickshire.  The  village  stands 
3  miles  north-north- east  of  Boston  Junc- 
tion, and  has  a  post  office  under  Ayton, 
an  inn,  a  Volunteer  hall  of  1872,  interest- 
ing remains  of  an  ancient  priory,  a  parochial 
church,  a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  121  scholars. 
Pop.  572.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Beston,  Auchincraw,  and  Coldingham- 
Shore  villages,  and  Houndwood  and 
Grants  House  hamlets.  Its  length  is  8J 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  1\  miles  ;  its 
area  24,021  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880- 
81,  £32,579.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3173  ; 
quoad  sacra,  1644.  The  coast  measures 
6|  miles  in  direct  line,  but  fully  9  miles  in 
line  of  sinuosities  ;  is  all  bold  and  rocky, 
has  numerous  caves  and  fissures,  and  in- 
cludes St.  Abb's  Head  and  Fast  Castle. 
The  interior  is  mostly  uneven,  contains 
lower  terminal  ranges  of  the  Lammermoors, 
and  consists  partly  of  fertile  vales  and 
hollows,  but  largely  of  pastoral  or  barren 
moorland.  Coldingham  Loch,  with  an 
area  of  about  30  acres,  lies  about  300  yards 
from  the  sea,  and  has  an  elevation  of  about 
300  feet  above  sea-level.  The  seats  are 
Coldingham  Law,  Homefield,  Templehall, 
Press,  Highlaws,  Houndwood,  Fairlaw, 
Coveyheugh,  Newmains,  Berrybank, 
Stoneshiel,  Sunnyside,  and.  Benton ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  vestiges  of  2 
ancient  Caledonian  camps,  vestiges  of  2 
Boman  camps,  ruins  of  Fast  Castle,  and 
traces  or  sites  of  numerous  Border  peels. 
Established  and  Free  churches  are  at 
Houndwood ;  and  there  are  within  the 
parish  6  schools  with  accommodation  for 
scliol&rs 

COLDINGHAMSHIRE,  ancient  district, 
comprehending  Coldingham,  Eyemouth, 
Ayton,  and  Aldcambus  parishes,  and 
parts  of  Mordington,  Foulden,  Chirnside, 
Bunkle,  and  Cockburnspath,  in  Berwick- 
shire. 

COLDINGHAM-SHORE,  fishing  village 
in  Coldingham  parish,  Berwickshire.  It 
has  a  public  school  with  about  54  scholars. 
Pop.  298. 

COLDROCHIE,  streamlet  on  boundary 
between  Bedgorton  and  Monedie  parishes, 
Perthshire. 

COLDSTONE.    See  Logie-Coldstone. 

COLDSTREAM,  town  and  parish  on 
southern  border  of  Berwickshire.  The 
town  stands  on  high  bank  overlooking  the 
Tweed,  9J-  miles  north-east-by-east  of 
Kelso  ;  was  the  place  of  an  international 
truce  in  1491 ;  gave  origin  to  the  regiment 
called  the  Coldsti-eam  Guards,  raised  by 
General  Monk ;  is  near  a  ford  of  the 
Tweed,  crossed  by  many  armies,  both 


COL 


95 


COL 


Scotch  and  English,  in  the  international 
wars  ;  gave  interment,  in  the  cemetery  of 
an  ancient  wealthy  nunnery,  to  most  of 
the  distinguished  Scottish  officers  who  fell 
at  the  battle  of  Flodden  ;  presents  a  well- 
built  but  irregularly-aligned  appearance  ; 
and  has  a  head  post  office  with  most  de- 
partments, a  railway  station  If  mile 
distant,  2  banking  offices,  3  hotels,  an 
elegant  five-arched  bridge  on  the  Tweed, 
a  recent  lofty  monument  to  Mr.  Charles 
Marjoribanks,  a  Volunteer  hall  of  1872,  an 
Established  church,  a  Free  church,  2 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  2 
public  schools  with  about  279  scholars. 
Pop.  1616. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
village  of  Lennel,  and  measures  about  4f 
miles  by  3^.  Acres,  8320.  Keal  property 
in  1880-81,  £20,499.  Pop.  2561.  The 
surface  is  flat  and  well  cultivated.  The 
seats  are  the  Hirsel,  the  Lees,  Lennel 
House,  Milne-Graden,  Hope  Park,  and 
Castle-Law.  There  are  4  schools  for  550 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  250  are  new. 

COLE  CASTLE.    See  Castle-Cole. 

COLFIN,  railway  station  and  glen,  3 
miles  north-east  of  Portpatrick,  Wigton- 
shire. 

COLGRAVE,  sound,  3  miles  broad, 
between  Yell  and  Fetlar,  in  Shetland. 

COLIGARTH,  section  of  Lady  parish, 
Sanday  Island,  Orkney. 

COLIN.    See  Collin. 

COLINESS,  headland,  projecting  into 
Otterswick  Bay,  in  Sanday  Island,  Orkney. 
A  very  large  ancient  artificial  mound  is 
on  it. 

COLINSBURGH,  village,  4  miles  east  of 
Largo,  Fife.  It  has  a  post  office  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,designated 
of  Fife,  a  banking  office,  a  good  inn,  a 
United  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  100  scholars.    Pop.  366. 

COLIN'S  ISLE,  islet  in  mouth  of  river 
Cart,  Eenfrewshire. 

COLINTON,  village  and  parish  in  Edin- 
burghshire. The  village  stands  on  "Water 
of  Leith,  4  miles  south-west  of  Edinburgh, 
is  small  but  charming,  was  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Covenanters'  army  on  the 
eve  of  the  battle  of  Rullion  Green,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Midlothian,  a 
railway  station,  a  parochial  church,  and  2 
public  schools,  male  and  female,  with 
about  130  scholars.  The  parish  contains 
also  the  village  of  Juniper  Green,  the 
hamlets  of  Hailes  Quarry,  Swanston,  and 
Longstone,  and  most  of  the  village  of 
Slateford.  Its  length  is  about  4  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  about  3f  miles ;  its 
area  5640  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£33,595.  Pop.  4347.  The  surface  includes 
Craiglockhart  Hill,  part  of  the  Pentlands, 
a  winding  reach  of  the  ravine  of  Water 
of  Leith,  arable  lands  at  from  250  to  600 
feet  above  sea-level,  and  a  profusion  of 
groves  and  hedge-rows,  and  exhibits  in  the 
aggregate  a  richly  diversified  appearance. 
Chief  seats  are  Colinton  House,  Bonally 


Castle,  Craiglockhart  House,  Comiston 
j  House,  and  Dreghorn  Castle ;  an  in- 
teresting new  feature  is  Craiglockhart 
hydropathic  establishment ;  and  chief 
things  of  antiquarian  interest  are  the  site 
of  Redhall  Castle,  and  a  road  very  nearly 
on  the  line  of  part  of  the  Roman  road 
from  York  to  Carriden.  A  Free  church 
and  2  public  schools  are  at  Juniper  Green  ; 
and  a  United  Presbyterian  church  and  a 
public  school  are  at  Slateford. 

COLLNTRAIVE,  place  on  north  side  of 
Kyles  of  Bute,  south  verge  of  Cowal, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Greenock,  and  is  a  place  of  call  by 
steamers. 

COLIPOLE,  village  on  Luing  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

COLL,  village  in  Stornoway  parish, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  491. 

COLL,  island,  2  miles  north-east  of 
Tyree,  and  7  north  -  west  of  Mull, 
Argyleshire  Hebrides.  It  lies  parallel  to 
Mull,  and  measures  13  miles  in  length, 
and  3£  in  extreme  breadth.  It  was 
formerly  in  the  parish  of  Tyree,  but  was 
constituted  a  separate  parish  in  1866. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4181.  Pop. 
643.  It  contains  the  village  of  Arinan- 
gour,  and  has  a  post  office  of  its  own  name 
under  Oban.  Its  coast  is  mostly  bold  and 
rocky  ;  its  interior  rises  nowhere  higher 
than  about  300  feet ;  and  its  surface,  to 
the  extent  of  about  two-thirds,  is  barren. 
Its  chief  residence  is  the  seat  of  its  prin- 
cipal landowner ;  and  its  antiquities  are 
a  castle,  probably  built  by  one  of  the 
Lords  of  the  Isles,  vestiges  of  8  Scandina- 
vian forts,  and  remains  of  3  ancient 
religious  houses.  The  churches  are  Es- 
tablished and  Free  ;  and  there  are  3  public 
schools  with  accommodation  for  134 
scholars. 

COLLABOL,  place,  with  post  office  under 
Lairg,  Sutherlandshire. 

COLLAGE,  village  and  parish  in  Gowrie 
district,  Perthshire.  The  village  stands  8 
miles  north-east  of  Perth,  and  is  near 
Woodside  railway  station  and  Balbeggie 
village,  with  post  office  under  Perth.  The 
parish  contains  KinrOssie  and  Saugher 
hamlets,  and  comprises  2927  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £3740.  Pop.  409. 
The  southern  section  is  flat,  and  the 
northern  one  includes  part  of  the  Sidlaw 
Hills.  The  chief  seat  and  antiquities  are 
on  Dunsinnan  estate.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free.  The  public  school 
has  accommodation  for  103  scholars. 

COLLAFIRTH,  voe  or  bay  in  North- 
maven  parish,  Shetland. 

COLLAIRNEY,  ruined  ancient  strong 
fortalice  in  Dunbog  parish,  Fife. 

COLLEGE,  parish  in  north-east  of  Glas- 
gow.   Pop. ,  quoad  sacra,  2409. 

COLLEGE,  hamlet  in  Duffus  parish, 
Elginshire. 

COLLEGE,  rising  ground,  crowned  with 
Roslin  chapel,  near  Roslin  village,  Edin- 
burghshire. 


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96 


COL 


COLLESSIE,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
west of  Fife.  The  village  stands  4J  miles 
south-east-hy-south  of  Newburgh,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Ladybank,  a  railway 
station,  an  old  Established  church,  a  Free 
church  of  1876,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  146  scholars.  The  parish  contains 
also  the  villages  of  Ladybank,  Monkston, 
Edenton,  Giffordton,  and  Kinloch.  Its 
length  is  6  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
miles ;  its  area  8699  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £13,182.  Pop.  1989. 
The  river  Eden  traces  the  southern  bound- 
ary. The  land  thence,  and  through  the 
centre,  is  flat,  but  in  the  north  and  north- 
west slopes  upward  to  a  bordering  range  of 
heights.  The  chief  seats  are  Rankeilor, 
Pitlair,  Kinloch,  Lochiehead,  and  Rossie  ; 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  2 
castles,  thought  to  have  been  erected  for 
defending  the  pass  from  Perth  to  Central 
Fife.  There  are  3  schools  with  accommo- 
dation for  516  scholars,  and  a  class-room  in 
1  of  them  with  accommodation  for  100  is 
new. 

COLLIEMORE,  lofty  hill  on  boundary  of 
Blairgowrie  parish,  Perthshire. 

COLLIESTON,  estate  in  Dunscore  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

COLLIN,  field  of  battle  between  the 
Scotch  and  the  Danes,  near  Scone,  Perth- 
shire. 

COLLIN,  seat  in  Rerrick  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

COLLIN,  village,  3^  miles  east  of  Dum- 
fries. It  has  a  post  office  under  Dumfries, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  123  scholars. 
Pop.  309. 

COLLISTON,  village,  on  romantic  bay, 
in  Slains  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Ellon,  and  is  chiefly  a 
fishing  place,  but  also  a  resort  of  summer 
visitors.    Pop.  421. 

COLLISTON,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish,  3^  miles  north-west  of  Arbroath, 
Forfarshire.  The  village  has  a  railway 
station,  an  Established  church,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  72 
scholars.  Colliston  House,  near  the  village, 
is  said  to  have  been  built  by  Cardinal 
Beaton.  The  quoad  sacra  parish  was  con- 
stituted in  1876.    Pop.  659. 

COLLOCKBURN,  one  of  the  villages  or 
sections  of  Cambuslang  town,  Lanark- 
shire. 

COLLUTHIE,  old  seat  in  Moonzie  parish, 
Fife. 

COLMELLIE,  place,  with  2  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circles,  on  skirt  of  Mount 
Battock,  in  Edzell  parish,  Forfarshire. 

COLMONELL,  village  and  parish  in 
Carrick  district,  Ayrshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Stinchar  river,  1\  miles  south  of 
Girvan,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Girvan, 
an  Established  church,  a  Free  church,  a 
United  Original  Secession  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  132  scholars. 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  village 
of  Barrhill,  and  the  hamlets  of  Pinwherry 
and  Lendalfoot.    Its  length  is  about  19 


miles;  its  greatest  breadth  about  7  miles;  its 
area  47,490  acres.  Real  property  in  1880- 
81,  £25,502.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2191 ; 
quoad  sacra,  1132.  The  surface  is  an 
assemblage  of  vales  and  hills,  and  rises  no- 
where higher  than  about  700  feet  above  sea- 
level.  The  chief  seats  are  Knockdolian, 
Dalgerrock,  Ballochmorie,  Drumlamford, 
and  Penmore  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are 
cairns,  forts,  and  ruined  Craigneil  Castle. 
An  Established  church  is  at  Arnsheen,  and 
a  Free  church  is  at  Barrhill.  6  schools 
for  496  scholars  are  within  the  parish,  and 
1  of  them  for  60  is  new. 

COLMSLIE,  hill  in  Melrose  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

COLONSAY,  island  and  parish  in  Argyle- 
shire  Hebrides.  The  island  lies  4  miles 
north-west  of  northern  extremity  of  Islay ; 
extends  8  miles  north-north-eastward,  with 
extreme  breadth  of  about  3^  miles ;  rises 
nowhere  higher  than  493  feet  above  sea- 
level  ;  is  partly  fertile,  but  more  largely 
moorish  and  rugged  ;  contains  the  modern 
mansion  of  the  Macneills,  and  remains  of 
several  ancient  chapels ;  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Greenock,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  34  scholars.  A  monument  to 
the  late  Lord  Colonsay,  a  granite  obelisk 
fully  30  feet  high,  was  erected  on  a  head- 
land on  its  east  side  in  1876.  The  parish 
includes  also  Oronsay  Island,  almost  con- 
tiguous on  the  south.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £3132.    Pop.  395. 

COLONSAY  (LITTLE),  small  island  in 
mouth  of  Loch-na-Keal,  west  side  of  Mull, 
Argyleshire. 

COLPORT.    See  Coulpokt. 

COLPY,  hamlet  and  burn  in  Culsamond 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  The  hamlet  has  a 
post  office  under  Insch. 

COLQUHALZIE,  seat  on  the  Earn,  near 
Innerpeffray,  Perthshire. 

COLQUHINNY,  place  on  the  Don,  5£ 
miles  east-north-east  of  Strathdon  church, 
Aberdeenshire. 

COLSAY,  small  island,  8  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Sumburgh  Head,  Shetland. 

COLTBRIDGE,  suburban  village  on 
Water  of  Leith,  St.  Cuthbert's  parish, 
Edinburgh.  It  communicates  by  tramway 
with  the  city,  and  has  a  public  school  with 
about  97  scholars. 

COLTFIELD,  railway  station  and  hamlet 
in  Alves  parish,  Elginshire. 

COLTNESS,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Cambusnethan  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. The  village  is  suburban  to  New- 
mains,  and  has  extensive  ironworks. 
Coltness  House,  in  its  vicinity,  is  a  large 
handsome  mansion.  Pop.  of  Newmains 
and  Coltness  town,  2682 ;  of  Coltness 
quoad  sacra  parish,  2896. 

COLTSTON,  village  in  New  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

COLUMBA  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Paisley.    Pop.  1981. 

COLUMBA  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Glasgow.  Pop.  the  Gaelic  speaking  in- 
habitants. 


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97 


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COLVEND,  seaboard  parish,  with  church 
6  miles  south-by-east  of  Dalbeattie,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. It  has  a  post  office  of  its 
own  name  under  Dalbeattie,  and  contains 
Southwick,  with  a  post  office  under  Dum- 
fries and  a  railway  station.  Its  length  is 
nearly  9  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  1\ 
miles ;  its  area  18,666  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £12,488.  Pop.  1281. 
The  coast  is  rocky,  bold,  precipitous,  and 
romantic,  and  has  caverns  and  crevices 
formerly  used  by  smugglers,  and  supposed 
to  have  suggested  to  Sir  Walter  Scott 
some  scenes  and  incidents  in  his  Guy 
Mannering.  The  interior  includes  part 
of  Criffel  Mountain  ;  is  mostly  hilly,  wild, 
and  pastoral ;  and  contains  a  number  of 
small  lakes  well  stocked  with  fish.  The 
antiquities  are  a  ruined  castle,  a  vitrified 
fort,  and  remains  of  two  camps.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  United 
Presbyterian.  There  are  5  schools  for  394 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  190  are  new. 

COLZEAN,  castellated  seat  of  the  Mar- 
quis of  Ailsa,  on  sea-cliff  If  mile  north- 
north-west  of  Kirkoswald,  Ayrshire.  6 
caves,  one  of  them  about  200  feet  long, 
pierce  the  face  of  the  cliff. 

COLZIUM,  seat  of  Sir  William  Edmond- 
stone,  Bart.,  glen,  and  ruined  castle,  in 
Kilsyth  parish,  Stirling. 

COMARAICH,  estate  in  Applecross  par- 
ish, Ross-shire. 

COMBS  (ST.),  fishing  village,  6  miles 
south-east  of  Fraserburgh,  Aberdeenshire. 
It  has  a  public  school  with  about  131 
scholars.    Pop.  614. 

COMELY  BANK,  suburban  village,  com- 
prising chain  of  villas,  in  St.  Cuthbert's 
parish,  Edkdmrgh. 

COMELY  BANK,  village  in  Melrose  par- 
ish, Roxburghshire. 

COMELY  GREEN,  small  north-eastern 
suburb  of  Edinburgh. 

COMESTON,  farm,  with  ancient  battle- 
field, in  St.  Cyrus  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

COMISTON,  seat  of  Sir  John  Forrest, 
Bart.,  in  Colinton  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

COMLONGAN,  ancient,  strong,  well-pre- 
served baronial  castle,  in  Ruthwell  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

COMMONDYKE,  village  in  Auchinleck 
parish,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  1048. 

COMMONHEAD,  railway  station,  \  mile 
north-east  of  Airdrie,  Lanarkshire. 

COMORE,  reservoir,  16  acres  in  area,  24 
feet  deep,  in  Neilston  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

COMPASS,  hill,  powerfully  disturbing 
the  magnetic  needle,  in  Canna  Island, 
Inner  Hebrides. 

COMPSTON,  modern  seat  and  ruined 
ancient  baronial  fortalice,  in  Twynholm 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

COMRIE,  town  and  parish  in  Strathearn 
district,  Perthshire.  The  town  stands  on 
the  Earn,  at  influx  of  the  Lednock  and 
the  Ruchill,  6  miles  west  of  Crieff ;  con- 
sists of  Comrie  Proper  on  the  left  bank, 
and  Dalginross  and  Ross  on  the  right ; 
is  surrounded,  to  a  wide  extent,  with 


remarkably  picturesque  scenery  ;  possesses 
strong  attractions  for  tourists  and  summer 
visitors  ;  includes  a  principal  street  about 
two-thirds  of  a  mile  long,  and  a  six-arched 
bridge ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  all 
departments,  under  Crieff,  a  banking 
office,  a  hotel,  a  public  reading-room,  a 
spacious  steepled  Established  church  of 
1805,  a  large  Gothic  Free  church  of  1881, 
a  handsome  United  Presbyterian  church 
of  1867,  a  public  school  with  about  164 
scholars,  and  an  industrial  school  with 
about  89.  A  branch  railway  from  Crieff, 
possibly  with  continuation  to  Lochearn- 
head,  was  projected  in  1880.  The  town  is 
notable  for  frequent  earthquakes, but  never 
with  any  seriously  damaging  effect.  Pop. 
1038.  —  The  parish  contains  also  the 
village  of  St.  Fillans,  and  is  13  miles 
long  and  10  miles  broad.  Acres,  60,593. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £16,247.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1726 ;  quoad  sacra,  1844. 
The  northern  and  southern  boundaries  are 
formed  by  lofty  mountain  water-sheds, 
with  culminating  summits  2922  and  3180 
feet  high ;  and  the  interior  is  a  many- 
featured  assemblage  of  mountain,  glen,  and 
valley.  The  chief  waters  are  Loch  Earn 
and  the  river  Earn  along  the  centre,  and 
the  rivulets  Lednock  and  Ruchill  down 
the  flanks.  The  scenery,  especially  along 
the  centre,  is  surpassingly  rich  and  diver- 
sified. The  views  from  Lord  Melville's 
Monument,  LJ  mile  north  of  the  town,  and 
from  other  elevated  spots,  are  among  the 
most  splendid  in  Britain.  The  arable  land 
comprises  not  more  than  about  one -eighth 
of  the  entire  area,  and  has  mostly  a  light, 
gravelly  soil.  The  chief  residences  are 
Comrie  House,  Dunira,  Dalhonzie,  Aber- 
uchill,  and  Ardvoirlich  ;  and  the  first  and 
second  are  seats  of  Sir  Sidney  Dundas, 
Bart.  The  chief  antiquity  is  the  vestige 
of  a  large  Roman  camp,  adjacent  to  Dalgin- 
ross. 4  schools  for  364  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  2  of  them  for  75  are  new. 

COMYN'S  CASTLE,  extinct  residence 
of  the  Red  Comyn,  in  Kirkmahoe  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CON.    See  Chon. 

CONA,  rivulet,  glen,  and  mansion  in 
Ardgour,  Argyleshire. 

CONACHAN,  loftiest  summit  of  St. 
Kilda  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CONACHAN,  pastoral  hills  in  Fowlis- 
Wester  parish,  Perthshire. 

CONAIT,  rivulet  in  Fortingal  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CONAN,  river  and  mansion  in  south  of 
Ross-shire.  The  river  runs  about  35  miles 
eastward  to  head  of  Cromarty  Firth ; 
receives  in  its  progress  the  affluents  of  Fan- 
nich,  Garve,  Meig,  and  Orrin ;  and  affords 
excellent  salmon  fishing,  but  is  preserved. 
The  mansion  stands  near  Conan-Bridge,and 
is  a  seat  of  Sir  Kenneth  S.  Mackenzie,  Bart. 

CONAN-BRIDGE,  village  on  Conan  river, 
1\  miles  south-south- west  of  Dingwall, 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 

G 


CON 


98 


COR 


nated  of  Ross-shire,  a  railway  station,  a 
good  inn,  a  five-arched  bridge,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  112  scholars.    Pop.  385. 

CONANSYTHE,  seat  in  Carmylie  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

CONDIE,  hill,  adjacent  to  May  rivulet, 
and  seat  near  Forgandenny,  Perthshire. 

CONDORRAT,  village,  2f  miles  south- 
west of  Cumbernauld,  Dumbartonshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Airdrie,  and  an 
Established  church  of  1875.    Pop.  620. 

CONGALTON,  barony  in  Dirleton  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

CONGHOILLIS,  ancient  parish,  now 
called  Inverkeilor,  Forfarshire. 

CONGLASS,  affluent  of  the  Aven,  in 
Kirkmichael  parish,  Banffshire. 

CONHEATH,  seat  in  Caerlaverock  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire. 

CONICAVAL,  hamlet  in  Edenkillie  par- 
ish, Elginshire. 

CONIGLEN,  streamlet  and  vale  in  South- 
end parish,  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

CONINGSBURGH,  hamlet  and  ancient 
parish  in  south  of  Shetland.  The  hamlet 
lies  on  the  coast,  9  miles  south-south- west 
of  Lerwick,  and  has  a  Free  church.  The 
parish  is  now  annexed  to  Dunrossness. 

CONNAGE,  fishing  village  in  Petty  par- 
ish. Inverness-shire. 

CONNEL,  lake  in  Kirkcolm  parish, 
"Wigtonshire. 

CONNEL,  place  adjacent  to  Connel  Ferry, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Oban. 

CONNEL  FERRY,  strait  in  Loch  Etive, 
3  miles  east  of  Dunstaffnage,  Argyleshire. 
It  takes  across  the  communication  from 
Oban  to  Appin,  has  an  inn  on  each  side, 
gives  name  to  an  adjacent  railway  station 
6  miles  from  Oban,  and  is  swept  by  a  tidal 
cataract  believed  to  be  the  Lora  of  Ossian, 
and  noticed  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Lord  of 
the  Isles. 

CONNEL  PARK,  village  in  New  Cumnock 
parish,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  495. 

CONRY,  affluent  of  the  Don  in  Strathdon 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CONTENT,  north-eastern  suburb  or  sec- 
tion of  Ayr,  Ayrshire. 

CONTIN,  hamlet  and  parish  in  south- 
east of  Ross-shire.  The  hamlet  lies  on 
Garve  river,  near  influx  to  the  Conan, 
about  8  miles  south-west  of  Dingwall, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Dingwall,  an 
inn,  a  parochial  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  80  scholars.  The  parish 
measured  along  roads  is  33  miles  in  length, 
and  not  much  less  in  breadth.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £17,949.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  1422 ;  quoad  sacra,  708.  The 
surface  is  mostly  mountainous  and  sterile, 
yet  includes  numerous  glens  and  vales,  and 
is  much  diversified  by  lakes  and  streams.  A 
chief  object  is  Coul,  the  seat  of  Sir  Arthur 
G.  R.  Mackenzie,  Bart.  Two  quoad  sacra 
parish  churches,  2  Free  churches,  and  2 
schools  for  138  scholars,  are  in  the  parish, 
and  1  of  the  schools  for  100  scholars  is  new. 

CONTULLICH,  burn  in  Aboyne  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 


CONVAL,  hill,  with  vestiges  of  Danish 
camp,  in  Mortlach  parish,  Banffshire. 

CONVETH,  estate  in  Laurencekirk  par- 
ish, Kincardineshire. 

CONVINTH,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
Kiltarlity,  Inverness-shire. 

COODHAM,  estate  in  Symington  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

COOKNEY,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
church  and  public  school,  4J  miles  north 
of  Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire.  The 
church  contains  about  700  sittings,  and  the 
school  has  about  80  scholars.    Pop.  1976. 

COPAY,  island  in  Sound  of  Harris, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

COPINSHAY,  island  in  St.  Andrew  par- 
ish, Orkney.    Pop.  5. 

COPPERCLEUCH,  place,  with  post  office 
under  Selkirk. 

COQUET,  river,  running  about  a  mile  on 
south-east  boundary  of  Oxnam  parish, 
Roxburghshire,  but  belonging  everywhere 
else  to  England. 

CORAFUAR,  mountain  in  Luss  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

CORAH,  vestige  of  ancient  castle,  a  seat 
of  Lord  Herries,  in  Kirkgunzeon  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CORBELLY,  roundish  hill  contiguous  to 
Maxwelltown  suburb  of  Dumfries.  It 
commands  a  delightful  panoramic  view ; 
has,  on  its  east  shoulder,  an  observatory 
and  museum  ;  and  is  edificed,  on  its  town- 
ward  slopes,  by  new  streets. 

CORBET,  renovated  old  Border  tower 
in  Morebattle  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

CORBIE,  burn  in  Inverarity  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

CORBIEHALL,  farm,  with  vestiges  of 
Roman  camp,  in  Carstairs  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

CORBIEHALL,  suburb  of  Borrowstown- 
ness,  Linlithgowshire. 

CORBIEHILL,  hamlet  in  Balmerino  par- 
ish, Fife. 

CORBIE  POT,  glen  in  Maryculter  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

CORBIE'S  KNOWE,  artificial  mound,  with 
traces  of  ancient  fort,  on  Lunan  Bay, 
Forfarshire. 

CORCHINNAN,  head -stream  of  Bogie 
river,  Aberdeenshire. 

CORE,  head-stream  of  the  Tweed,  in 
Tweedsmuir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

CORE,  one  of  the  Ochil  Hills,  2\  miles 
south  of  Blackford,  Perthshire. 

COREEN,  hill-range  on  northern  bound- 
ary of  Alford  district,  Aberdeenshire. 

COREHOUSE,  modern  mansion  and 
ruined  ancient  castle  on  the  Clyde,  adja- 
cent to  Corra  Linn,  Lanarkshire. 

COR-ELLAN,  islet  in  South  Knapdale 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

CORF,  seat  near  Newburgh,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

CORFHOUSE,  bay  in  Kintail  parish, 

Ross-shire. 

CORGARF,  quoad  sacra  parish  around 
sources  and  head-streams  of  the  Don, 
Aberdeenshire.    It  has  a  post  office  under 


COR 


09 


COR 


Aberdeen,  a  military  station,  a  church 
with  350  sittings,  and  a  small  Roman 
Catholic  chapel.  An  ancient  castle  occupied 
the  site  of  the  military  station  ;  was  for 
ages  a  hunting-seat  of  the  Earls  of  Mar,  and 
was  burnt  in  1551  by  Sir  Adam  Gordon, 
when  27  persons  perished  in  the  flames. 

CORHABBIE,  hill  in  Mortlach  parish, 
Banffshire. 

CORICHBAD,  deer  preserve  of  the  Earl 
of  Breadalbane,  in  upper  part  of  Glen- 
orchy,  Argyleshire. 

CORINAHENCHAR,  bay  in  Torosay  par- 
ish, Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CORINESSIE,  vale  in  Durness  parish, 
Sutherland. 

CORKINDALE  LAW,  hill,  with  magnifi- 
cent panoramic  view,  in  Neilston  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

CORKRIE,  bay  in  Kirkmaiden  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

CORLIE,  loftiest  hill-summit  in  Green- 
ock parish,  Renfrewshire.  It  commands 
a  rich,  diversified,  extensive  view. 

CORMIE,  eminence  crowned  with  Raith 
Tower  in  Abbotshall  parish,  Fife. 

CORMILLIGAN,  lofty  hill  in  Tynron 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CORMORANTS'  CAVE,  basaltic  cavern, 
224  feet  long  and  50  feet  high,  in  Staffa 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

CORNACHANTIAN,  mountain  in  Luss 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

CORNAIG,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Coll  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CORNAL,  ruined  baronial  fortalice  on 
Moffat  river,  in  Moffat  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

CORNAMAUGH,  lake  in  Kildonan  par- 
ish, Sutherland. 

CORNCAIRN,  village,  8  miles  south-west 
of  Banff. 

CORNCOCKLE,  moor,  2  miles  north  of 
Lochmaben,  Dumfriesshire.  A  building- 
stone  is  quarried  on  it  notable  for  peculiar 
fossil  footprints. 

CORNHILL,  place,  12  miles  north-east 
of  Keith,  Banffshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Banff,  and  a  railway  station. 

CORNHILL,  seat  in  Culter  parish,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

CORNHILL,  seat  in  Old  Machar  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CORNIE,  burn  in  Abercorn  parish,  Lin- 
lithgowshire. 

CORNISH,  Like,  7  miles  south  of  Straiton, 
Ayrshire. 

CORNTOWN,  battle-field  near  Stirling. 
It  was  the  scene  of  the  battle  in  1297 
commonly  called  the  Battle  of  Stirling. 

CORODALE,  cave  on  east  side  of  South 
Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  was,  for 
some  days  in  1746,  the  abode  of  Prince 
Charles  Edward. 

CORPACH,  village  at  south-west  end  of 
Caledonian  Canal,  1\  miles  north  of  Fort- 
William,  Inverness-shire.  It  is  the  land- 
ing-place for  steamboat  passengers,  and  it 
has  a  pier,  an  Established  church,  and  an 
obeliskal  monument  to  Colonel  Cameron. 


CORR,  islet  off  mouth  of  Loch  Swin, 
Argyleshire. 

CORR,  lake,  5  miles  long,  adjacent,  to 
south-east  side  of  Benclybric,  in  centre  of 
Sutherland. 

CORRACHREE,  seat  in  Logie-Coldstone 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CORRA-DHUN,  vestige  of  ancient  castle 
in  Canna  Island,  Inner  Hebrides. 

CORRAL,  burn  in  Auchtergaven  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CORRA  LINN,  second  fall  of  Clyde,  in 
vicinity  of  Lanark.  It  occurs  within  a 
picturesque  amphitheatre,  with  maximum 
height  of  120  feet ;  it  includes  first  a  fall 
of  a  few  feet,  next  a  fall  of  about  30  feet, 
next  a  cataract  of  about  90  feet,  next  a 
grand  final  leap  ;  and  it  makes,  in  these,  a 
total  descent  of  84  feet. 

CORRAN,  rivulet,  running  to  the  sea,  in 
Jura  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CORRAN,  ferry  across  lower  part  of 
West  Loch  Tarbert,  Argyleshire. 

CORRAN,  ferry  across  foot  of  Loch  Eil, 
between  Ardgour  district,  Argyleshire, 
and  Lochaber  district,  Inverness-shire. 

CORRENNIE,hill-range,1578  feet  high,  in 
Cluny  and  Tough  parishes,  Aberdeenshire. 

CORRICHIE,  vale  on  mutual  border  of 
Aberdeenshire  and  Kincardineshire,  14 
miles  west-by-south  of  Aberdeen.  It  was 
the  scene  of  the  battle  in  1562  between 
the  forces  of  Queen  Mary  and  those  of 
her  antagonists. 

CORRIE,  coast  village,  4J  miles  north 
of  Brodick,  Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Brodick,  and  a 
small  harbour  with  a  quay. 

CORRIE,  ancient  parish,  now  united  to 
Hutton,  Dumfriesshire.  Corrie  Burn  in 
it  is  an  affluent  of  the  Milk  ;  Corrie  Law 
is  a  beautiful  hill,  with  fine  view ;  and 
Corrie  public  school  has  about  63  scholars. 

CORRIE,  hill  in  Kilsyth  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

CORRIE,  place,  with  remains  of  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Rogart  parish, 
Sutherlandshire. 

CORRIEDOW,  glen  in  Kiltarlity  parish, 
Inverness-shire.  A  cave  in  it  is  said  to 
have  been  inhabited  for  some  days  by 
Prince  Charles  Edward. 

CORRIEDOWN,  heights,  with  notable 
cairn,  in  Rathven  parish,  Banffshire. 

CORRIEMONY,  plain,  seat,  and  public 
school  in  Urquhart  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

CORRIEMUCKLOCK,  place,  with  inn, 
about  a  mile  south  of  Amulree,  Perthshire. 

CORRIEMULZIE,  burn,  entering  the  Dee 
3  miles  above  Castleton-Braemar,  Aberdeen- 
shire. It  makes  a  beautiful  snow-white 
cascade  within  a  wooded  precipitous  ravine. 

CORRIEVRECKAN,  tortured  tidal  cur- 
rent, popularly  regarded  as  a  dreadful 
whirlpool,  in  strait  between  Jura  and 
Scarba  Islands,  Argyleshire. 

CORRISEL,  seat  in  Penningham  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

CORRISKIN,  or  CORUISK,  lake,  about 
3  miles  in  circuit,  among  Cuchullin  Moun- 


COR 


100 


COT 


tains,  Isle  of  Skye.  Its  scenery  is  dis- 
mally wild,  dark,  and  stern,  and  is 
graphically  described  by  Sir  Walter  Scott 
in  his  Lord  of  the  Isles. 

CORRYARRICK,  steep  lofty  mountain- 
ridge,  from  vicinity  of  Loch  Oich  to  south- 
west end  of  Monadhleadh  Mountains,  In- 
verness-shire. It  is  traversed,  in  zigzag 
course,  by  the  road  from  Fort-Augustus 
into  Badenoch  ;  and  that  road  over  it  was 
Prince  Charles's  route  at  commence- 
ment of  the  rebellion  in  1745.  The  height, 
at  highest  summit,  is  2922  feet ;  at 
summit  of  the  pass,  1864  feet. 

CORRYAUR,  bleak  barren  hill-range  in 
Muthill  parish,  Perthshire. 

CORRYBROUGH,  seat  in  Moy  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

CORRYFEARN,  hills  in  Eddertoun 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

CORRYGILL,  headland  at  south  side  of 
Brodick  Bay,  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

CORRYHABBIE,  mountain,  2563  feet 
high,  8  miles  south-by-west  of  Dufftown, 
Banffshire. 

CORRYVARLEGAN,  wild  lofty  mountain- 
pass,  on  the  way  from  Loch  Hourn  in 
Inverness-shire  to  Glenshiel  in  Boss-shire. 

CORSANCONE,  hiU,  1547  feet  high,  in 
New  Cumnock  parish,  Argyleshire. 

CORSBIE,  seat  near  Newton-Stewart, 
Wigtonshire. 

CORSBIE,  barony  in  Legerwood  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

CORSE,  seat  in  Forgue  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

CORSE,  hill,  21  miles  west-by-north  of 
Aberdeen.  Numerous  small  tumuli  and 
remains  of  military  works  are  on  it,  and 
are  associated  by  tradition  with  the  closing 
scenes  of  the  career  of  Macbeth.  Corse 
Castle,  in  its  vicinity,  was  built  in  1581, 
and  is  now  a  ruin. 

CORSEDARDER,  hill  in  Birse  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CORSEGLASS,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Dairy  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CORSEMILL,  village,  3  miles  south-east 
of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

CORSEWALL,  small  headland,  modern 
mansion,  and  ruined  strong  ancient  fort- 
alice,  in  Kirkcolm  parish,  Wigtonshire. 
The  headland  lies  2J  miles  west-south- 
west of  mouth  of  Loch  Ryan,  confronts  the 
North  Channel,  and  has  a  lighthouse  with 
revolving  light  visible  at  the  distance  of 
15  nautical  miles. 

CORSOCK,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Urr  river,  10  miles  north  of 
Castle-Douglas,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Dalbeattie,  an  Established  church  and  a 
Free  church.  Corsock  Castle  is  the  ruined 
seat  of  Robert  Nelson,  who  figured  pro- 
minently among  the  persecuted  Covenan- 
ters. Corsock  lake  contains  large  trout, 
and  has  two  boats,  but  is  preserved.  Pop. 
of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  611. 

CORSTON,  hill -ridge  in  Kirknewton 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 


CORSTORPHINE,  village  and  parish  in 
the  north-west  of  Edinburghshire.  The 
village  stands  3 \  miles  west  of  Edinburgh, 
is  a  summer  resort  of  Edinburgh  families, 
commands  a  charming  view  to  the  Pent- 
land  Hills,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Mid-Lothian,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, a  second-pointed  parochial  church  of 
1492,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  193  scholars.  Pop.  952.— The 
parish  contains  also  the  hamlets  of  Gogar, 
Stanhope-Mills,  and  Four-Mile -Hill.  Its 
length  is.about  4  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
about  1\  miles ;  its  area  3654  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £21,515.  Pop.  2156. 
Most  of  the  surface  is  level ;  but  a  ridge, 
called  Corstorphine  Hill,  extends  from 
the  skirt  of  the  village  about  f  mile  to  a 
wooded  eastern  crest  about  474  feet  high, 
and  commands  there  a  superb  view  of 
Edinburgh,  and  of  the  country  eastward  to 
the  German  Ocean.  The  chief  residences 
are  Corstorphine  House,  Clermiston, 
Beechwood,  Belmont,  Ravelston,  Gogar 
House,  Gogar  Burn,  and  Gogar  Mount. 

CORTACHY,  parish  in  north  of  Forfar- 
shire, extending  southward  to  within  3 
miles  of  Kirriemuir.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Kirriemuir ;  and  it  forms  of  itself 
a  quoad  sacra  parish,  but  is  united  politi- 
cally to  Clova.  Acres  of  the  united  parish, 
42,322.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £7516. 
Pop.  442.  Length  and  greatest  breadth 
of  Cortachy-Proper,  13  and  5J  miles.  Pop. 
337.  The  surface  consists  mostly  of  a 
portion  of  the  Benchinnan  Mountains,  but 
includes  some  meadow  land  along  the 
course  of  the  South  Esk.  Cortachy 
Castle,  on  that  river,  is  the  favourite  seat 
of  the  Earl  of  Airlie,  and  is  partly  ancient, 
but  chiefly  modern.  The  parochial  church 
was  built  in  1829,  and  contains  650  sittings. 
3  schools,  with  accommodation  for  198 
scholars,  serve  for  Cortachy  and  Clova.  See 
Clova. 

CORTES,  estate  with  modern  mansion 
and  ancient  Caledonian  stone  circle,  in 
Ruthven  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CORUISK.    See  Corriskin. 

CORWAR,  seat  in  Colmonell  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

COSHEVILLE,  place,  with  inn,  3|  miles 
north  of  Kenmore,  Perthshire. 

COSSINS,  quondam  old  castle  in  Glam- 
mis  parish,  Forfarshire. 

COSTA,  headland  and  hamlet  at  northern 
extremity  of  Pomona,  Orkney.  The  head- 
land is  the  bold,  precipitous,  rocky  face  of 
a  considerable  hill ;  and  the  hamlet  has  a 
public  school  with  about  44  scholars. 

COTBURN,  hill  in  Turriff  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

COTCHET,  hill-ridge  in  Eccles  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

COTHAL,  place,  with  woollen  mills,  in 
Fintray  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

COTHIEMUIR,  hill,  with  ancient  Cale- 
donian stone  circle,  in  Keig  parish,, 
Aberdeenshire. 


COT 


101 


COV 


COTHILL,  lake  in  Slains  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

COTTACK,  village  in  Dun  score  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  contains  the  parochial 
church. 

COTTON,  village  in  St.  Madoes  parish, 
Perthshire. 

COTTON,  village  in  Dunnichen  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

COTTON,  two  quondam  villages,  Cotton- 
Ingliston  and  Cotton  -  Invereighty,  in 
Kinnettles  parish,  Forfarshire. 

COTTS,  lake  in  Urquhart  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

COUFFURACH,  village  in  Enzie  section 
of  Rathven  parish,  Banffshire. 

COUL,  seat  of  Sir  Arthur  G.  R.  Macken- 
zie. Bart.,  near  Conan-Bridge,  Ross-shire. 

COULALT,  burn  in  Inveraven  parish, 
Banffshire. 

COULALT,  lake  in  Knockando  parish, 
Elginshire. 

COULARD,  hill  in  Drainie  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

COULAX,  hill,  1407  feet  high,  in  north- 
west of  Hoy,  Orkney. 

COULBEG,  hill  in  Coigach  district, 
Cromartyshire. 

COULBEG,  mountain  in  Assynt  parish, 
Sutherland. 

COULL,  parish  adjacent  to  north  side  of 
Aboyne,  Aberdeenshire.  Its  post  town  is 
Aboyne,  under  Aberdeen.  Its  length  is 
about  5  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about 
31  miles ;  its  area  9044  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £4007.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  783 ;  quoad  sacra,  526.  The 
land  is  partly  flat  and  partly  a  bordering 
hill-range.  Chief  objects  are  an'  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  traces  of  an 
ancient  chapel,  vestiges  of  Coull  Castle, 
and  ruins  of  Corse  Castle.  The  public 
school  has  about  83  scholars. 

COULMONY,  seat  in  Ardclach  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

COULMORE,  hill  in  Coigach  district, 
Cromartyshire. 

COULPORT,  village  on  east  side  of  Loch 
Long,  5  miles  north-north-west  of  Cove, 
Dumbartonshire.  It  was  the  place  where 
the  Kibble  Crystal  Palace,  now  in  Glasgow 
Botanic  Garden,  was  originally  erected  ; 
it  now  contains  many  residences  of  wealthy 
Glasgow  merchants ;  and  it  underwent 
extension  and  acquired  a  pier  in  1880. 

COULTER,  railway  station,  \\  mile 
south-west  of  Biggar,  Lanarkshire. 

COULTER,  small  lake  in  St.  Ninian's 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

COULTRY,  village  in  Balmerino  parish, 
Fife. 

COUMFELL,  hill,  1009  feet  high,  6 
miles  north-east  of  Langholm,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

COUNTESSWELLS,  seat  in  Peterculter 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

COUPAR-ANGUS,  town  and  parish  partly 
in  Forfarshire,  but  chiefly  in  Perthshire. 
The  town  stands  near  the  Isla,  on  a  small 
affluent  of  that  river,  12f  miles  by  road, 


but  15|  miles  by  railway,  north-east-by- 
north  of  Perth;  adjoins  the  site  of  a 
Roman  camp  and  vestiges  of  an  ancient 
abbey;  dates  from  old  times,  and  has 
undergone  much  recent  improvement ; 
carries  on  linen  manufacture  and  other 
industries  ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  a  railway  station,  3 
banking  offices,  a  hotel  and  inns,  a  town 
hall,  a  new  water  supply  of  1874,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Original 
Secession,  Evangelical  Union,  and  Episco- 
palian churches,  and  a  public  school  of 
1877  for  about  500  scholars.  Pop.  2154 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  villages 
of  Balbrogie,  Longluis,  and  Washington, 
and  measures  about  5  miles  in  length 
and  from  \\  to  2}  miles  in  breadth. 
Acres  in  Forfarshire,  184;  in  Perthshire, 
4515.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £1790 
and  £14,312.  Pop.  265  and  228L  The. 
surface  is  part  of  Strathmore,  bisected 
by  a  ridge  commanding  a  splendid  view. 

COURANCE,  hamlet  in  Kirkmichael  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Lockerby. 

COURTHILLS,  mounds  or  rising-grounds, 
formerly  used  as  seats  of  justice,  in  Auch- 
tergaven,  Bellie,  Cathcart,  Dairy  (Ayr- 
shire), Lunan,  Pettie,  Rosemarkie,  Tar- 
bolton,  and  other  parishes.  That  in 
Rosemarkie  gives  name  to  a  public  school 
with  about  77  scholars. 

COUSLAND,  village,  3  miles  east  of 
Dalkeith,  Edinburghshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Dalkeith. 

COUTHALLY.    See  Cowthally. 

COVANT,  burn  in  Hamilton  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

COVE,  fishing  village,  4  miles  south-by- 
east  of  Aberdeen.  It  stands  near  a  large 
cavern  opening  from  the  sea,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Aberdeen,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, a  slightly  improved  natural  harbour, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  69  scholars. 
Pop.  464. 

COVE,  seat  in  Kirkpatrick-Fleming  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire. 

COVE,  small  bay,  engirt  by  lofty  cliffs, 
and  possessing  a  small  harbour  for  fishing- 
boats,  in  Cockburnspath  parish,  Berwick- 
shire. 

COVE,  watering-place  on  east  side  near 
mouth  of  Loch  Long,  Dumbartonshire. 
It  forms  part  of  the  police  burgh  of  Kil- 
creggan  and  Cove ;  consists  chiefly  of 
villas  and  ornate  cottages  ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Dumbarton- 
shire, and  a  steamboat  pier.    Pop.  432. 

COVE-A-CHIARAN,  cave,  anciently  a 
residence  of  St.  Kiaran,  in  Campbelton 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

COVESEA,  popularly  CAUSEA,  coast 
village,  hill,  and  skerries,  in  Drainie  parish, 
Elginshire.  The  hill  has  a  deep,  mural, 
fissured,  and  cavernous  sea  front ;  and  the 
skerries  have  a  lighthouse,  with  revolving 
light  visible  at  the  distance  of  18  nautical 
miles. 


COY 


102 


COY 


COVINGTON,  village  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village  stands 
about  11  mile  north  of  Thankerton  railway 
station,  and  adjoins  a  ruined  castellated 
tower  of  1442.  The  parish  contains  also 
Thankerton  village,  with  post  office  desig- 
nated Thankerton,  Lanarkshire ;  and  it 
measures  about  4  miles  by  2f,  and 
comprises  5114  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £6295.  Pop.  444.  The  Clyde 
traces  the  eastern  and  north  -  eastern 
boundary.  Part  of  Tinto  Mountain  is  on 
the  southern  border ;  pastoral  uplands  go 
northward  from  it ;  and  arable  and  meadow 
lands  form  the  rest  of  the  surface.  The 
only  seat  is  St.  John's  Kirk ;  and  the 
antiquities,  besides  the  ruined  tower  at 
the  village,  are  4  circular  camps.  Coving- 
ton Mill  was  the  place  where  the  famous 
Covenanter  Donald  Cargill  was  taken 
prisoner.  The  public  school  has  about 
55  scholars. 

COWAL,  eastern  district  of  Argyleshire. 
It  is  bounded,  except  on  the  north,  by 
Loch  Fyne,  the  Kyles  of  Bute,  the  Firth 
of  Clyde,  and  Loch  Long ;  contains  the 
sea-lochs  Riddan,  Striven,  and  Goil,  and 
the  fresh  water  Loch  Eck ;  and  includes 
some  low  tracts  of  land,  but  is  mainly 
mountninous. 

COWBRAE,  lofty  hill,  with  extensive 
view,  on  southern  boundary  of  Borthwick 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

COWCADDENS,  city  section  in  middle  of 
northern  border  of  Glasgow.  It  sprang 
from  an  isolated  hamlet  on  the  pasture- 
common  of  the  city  ;  was  surrounded  and 
absorbed  by  the  city's  street  extensions ; 
is  now  a  mixture  of  irregular  and  regular, 
ill-built  and  well  -  built  thoroughfares  ; 
presents  a  better  appearance  than  that  of 
many  second-rate  manufacturing  towns ; 
and  contains  an  arcade  of  1852,  a  theatre, 
the  Free  Church  Normal  school,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  United  Presbyterian  church. 

COWCASH,  natural  harbour,  about  a 
mile  south  of  the  harbour  of  Aberdeen. 

COWDEN,  coal-field  in  Dalkeith  parish, 
E  dinburgh  shire . 

COWDEN,  seat,  2J  miles  east-north-east 
of  Dollar,  Clackmannanshire.  It  occupies 
the  site  of  an  ancient  fortalice  of  the 
Bishop  of  St.  Andrews. 

COWDENBEATH,  town,  5£  miles  north- 
east of  Dunfermline,  Fife.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Fif  eshire,  a  rail- 
way station,  and  a  Free  church.  Pop.  2769. 

COWDENHILLS,  village  in  Carriden 
parish,  Linlithgowshire.    Pop.  272. 

COWDENKNOWES,  seat  and  hill  on  east 
side  of  Leader  "Water,  between  Earlston 
and  the  Tweed,  in  Berwickshire.  The 
hill  is  now  bare  and  verdant,  but  was 
formerly  covered  with  brushwood,  and  is 
celebrated  in  the  song  of  'The  Broom  o' 
the  Cowdenknowes.' 

COWDONHILL,  estate  in  New  Kilpat- 
rick  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

COWGASK,  farm,  with  site  of  ancient 


chapel,  in  Trinity  -  Gask  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

COWGATE,  thoroughfare,  about  800 
yards  long,  from  Grassmarket  to  South 
Back  of  Canongate,  in  Edinburgh.  It 
was  originally  a  rural  ravine,  traversed  by 
an  open  road ;  it  became,  and  long  con- 
tinued, a  densely  and  elegantly  edificed 
aristocratic  quarter  ;  it  is  now  a  crowded, 
squalid  retreat  of  the  poor,  but  retains 
many  defaced  features  of  its  former  gran- 
deur ;  and  it  contains  two  Free  churches, 
a  large  Roman  Catholic  church,  and  a 
Heriot  school. 

COWGATE,  modernized  ancient  street, 
running  eastward  to  the  line  of  the 
quondam  town  walls  of  Dundee.  Its  port 
or  archway  in  these  walls  is  notable  for 
the  famous  Wishart  having  preached  on  it 
during  the  prevalence  of  plague  in  1544. 

COWGLEN,  coal-field  in  Eastwood  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

COWHILL,  seat  in  Holywood  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

COWIE,  small  river,  running  about  9 
miles  east- south-eastward  to  the  sea  at 
Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire.  It  descends 
from  the  frontier  Grampians,  often  in 
strong  freshet ;  and  it  is  crossed  by  the 
Caledonian  Railway  on  a  lofty  fourteen- 
arched  viaduct. 

COWIE,  fishing  village,  1£  mile  north- 
north-east  of  Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire. 
It  dates  from  at  least  the  time  of  Mal- 
colm Canmore  ;  is  near  the  vestiges  of  a 
fortalice  said  to  have  been  built  by  that 
sovereign ;  and  has  ruins  of  an  ancient 
chapel,  which  passed  to  Marischal  College, 
Aberdeen. 

COWIE'S  LINN,  cascade  of  about  30 
feet,  on  a  burn  running  to  upper  part  of 
Eddlestone  river,  Peeblesshire. 

COWLAIRS,  railway  station  and  depot 
on  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow  line  of  North 
British  system,  at  deflection  of  the  branch 
to  Helensburgh,  1^  mile  north-north-east 
of  Glasgow. 

COWPITS,  village  in  Inveresk  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

COWSHAVEN,  coast  cave  in  Aberdour 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  was  Lord  Pit- 
sligo's  hiding-place  after  the  battle  of 
Culloden. 

COWSRIEVE,  hill  in  Peterhead  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

COWTHALLY,  ruined  strong  castle, 
about  1J  mile  north-west  of  Carnwath, 
Lanarkshire. 

COXTON,  small,  square,  turreted  fort- 
alice, south-east  of  Elgin. 

COYL,  small  river,  running  about  10 
miles  north-westward  to  Ayr  river,  at  4 
miles  east  of  Ayr  town.  It  has  a  cascade 
of  about  15  feet. 

COYLTON,  village  and  parish  in  Kyle 
district,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands  6 
miles  east-south-east  of  Ayr,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Ayr,  a  parochial  church 
containing  744  sittings,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  194  scholars.    The  parish  con- 


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103 


CRA 


tains  also  the  villages  of  Craighall,  Bank- 
foot,  Gadgirthholm,  Knockshoggleholm, 
and  Joppa.  Its  length  is  about  12  miles  ; 
its  breadth  nearly  2  miles  ;  its  area  11,584 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £20,947. 
Pop.  3100.  The  river  Ayr  traces  much 
of  the  north-western  boundary ;  the  Coyl 
traverses  the  interior ;  and  the  Doon 
drains  part  of  the  south-eastern  end.  The 
lower  section  is  partly  flat  and  partly 
undulating  ;  the  middle  section  contains 
the  Craigs  of  Coyl,  rising  to  a  height  of  798 
feet  above  sea-level;  and  the  upper  section 
is  hilly,  rises  to  a  height  of  more  than  1100 
feet  above  sea-level,  and  commands  there 
extensive  views.  About  8110  acres  are 
arable.  Coal,  limestone,  sandstone,  and 
trap  rock  abound,  and  are  extensively 
worked.  The  chief  seats  are  Sundrum, 
Gadgirth,  and  Rankinston;  and  a  chief 
antiquity  is  a  large  stone  popularly  re- 
garded as  a  monument  of  'Auld  King 
Coil,' — a  fabulous  monarch  from  whom  a 
false  tradition  derived  the  names  of  Coyl, 
Coylton,  and  Kyle. 

CRACHIE,  mountain  affluent  of  the 
Shochie,  Perthshire. 

CRAGGACH,  glen,  with  millstone  quarry, 
in  Reay  parish,  Caithness. 

CRAGGANESTER,  hamlet  in  Weem 
parish,  Perthshire. 

CRAGGANTOUL,  hamlet  in  Weem  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CRAGGIE,  lake  in  Tongue  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

CRAIBSTONE,  seat  on  Buxburn  rivulet, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CRAICHIE,  village  in  Dunnichen  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Forfar,  and  a  public  school  with  about  137 
scholars 

CRAICK,  hill,  1482  feet  high,  in  Roberton 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

CRAIG,  parish  on  east  coast  of  Forfar- 
shire. It  contains  Ferryden  town,  with 
post  office  under  Montrose,  and  Usan 
village,  and  includes  Inchbrayock  Island. 
Its  length  is  nearly  6  miles ;  its  breadth 
3  miles;  its  area  4371  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £10,824.  Pop.  2589. 
The  mainland  is  partly  a  peninsula, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Montrose  basin 
and  South  Esk  river,  on  the  east  and 
south-east  by  the  German  Ocean ;  and 
rises  gradually  from  the  north  and  the 
east  toward  the  south-west,  till  it  reaches 
an  elevation  of  about  400  feet  above  sea- 
level.  The  northward  slope  is  ornate,  and 
commands  a  magnificent  view ;  and  the 
sea-coast  is  very  rocky  and  partly  preci- 
pitous. The  chief  seats  are  Rossie,  Dun- 
ninald,  and  Usan  ;  and  the  chief  anti- 
cmities  are  vestiges  of  Craig  Castle,  a 
strong  structure,  often  mentioned  in 
Scottish  history  ;  and  the  sites  of  another 
old  castle  and  an  old  fort.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free  ;  and  the  former 
is  a  handsome  conspicuous  edifice  with 
800  sittings.  There  are  5  schools  with 
accommodation  for  467  scholars. 


CRAIG,  estate  in  Madderty  parish, 
Perthshire.  It  once  contained  a  village  of 
Craig,  ranking  as  a  burgh  of  barony  ;  and 
it  now  contains  the  modern  village  of  St. 
David's. 

CRAIG,  seat  and  burn  in  Auchindoir 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CRAIG,  seat  in  Kilmaurs  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

CRAIG,  seat  in  Colmonell  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

CRAIG,  quondam  baronial  fortalice  in 
Glenisla  parish,  Forfarshire. 

CRAIG,  hill  in  Troqueer  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

CRAIGABODDICK,  hill-range  on  mutual 
border  of  Loth  and  Kildonan  parishes, 
Sutherland. 

CRAIGACHROCHCAN,  lofty  bank  and 
bridge  on  the  Aven,  in  Inveraven  parish, 
Banffshire. 

CRAIGAIRIE,  high  moorish  hill,  10  miles 
north  of  Glenluce,  Wigtonshire. 

CRAIGALLEON,  lake  in  Strathblane 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

CRAIGAMMEL,  curious  object  on  coast 
of  Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

CRAIGANDARROCH,  lofty  hill  in  Glen- 
muick  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CRAIGANFHIACH,  precipitous  crag, 
giving  off  a  loud  echo,  in  Fodderty  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

CRAIGANOIN,  hill  and  pass  on  mutual 
border  of  Moy  and  Daviot  parishes,  In- 
verness-shire. The  pass  was  the  scene 
of  what  is  called  the  '  Rout  of  Moy '  in  the 
rebellion  of  1745-46. 

CRAIGANROY,  commodious  safe  harbour 
in  Loch  Duich,  Glenshiel  parish,  Ross-shire. 

CRAIGBANK,  village  in  New  Cumnock 
parish,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  302. 

CRAIGBAR,  steep  rocky  precipice,  with 
remains  of  ancient  fortification,  at  side  of 
Loch  Brora,  in  Clyne  parish,  Sutherland. 

CRAIGBARNET,  seat  in  Campsie  parish, 
Stirlingshire.  s 

CRAIGBEG,  mountain  in  Durris  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

CRAIGBENYON,  mountain,  3  miles 
north-east  of  Callander,  Perthshire. 

CRAIGBHOKIE,  lofty  precipitous  cliff 
at  narrow  part  of  Loth  glen,  in  Loth 
parish,  Sutherland. 

CRAIGBINNY,  hill,  3J  miles  south-east 
of  Linlithgow. 

CRAIGBODDICH,  lofty  precipitous  cliff 
in  Loth  glen  and  parish,  Sutherland. 

CRAIGCAFFIE,  old  castle,  transmuted 
into  farmhouse,  in  Inch  parish,  Wigton- 
shire. 

CRAIGCHAILLEACH,  picturesque  peaked 
mountain  -  range,  in  vicinity  of  Killin, 
Perthshire. 

CRAIGCLEUGH,  burn  on  mutual  bound- 
ary of  Westerkirk  and  Langholm  parishes, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CRAIGCROOK,  seat  on  east  skirt  of 
Corstorphine  Hill,  2^  miles  west  of  Edin- 
burgh. It  was  long  the  residence  of  Lord 
J  effrey. 


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104 


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CRAIGDAIMVIE,  islet  off  Keils  Point, 
in  Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 

CRAIGDALLIE,  village  in  Kinnaird 
parish,  Perthshire. 

CRAIGDAM,  village  in  Tarves  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  United  Presby- 
terian church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  94  scholars. 

CRAIGDARROCH,  seat  and  head-stream 
of  the  Cairn,  in  Glencairn  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

CRAIGDARROCH,  seat  in  Contin  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

CRAIGDHU,  mountain  in  Port-of-Men- 
teith  parish,  Perthshire. 

CRAIGDHU,  lofty  seriated  height,  flank- 
ing part  of  Truim  river,  Inverness-shire. 
It  was  the  gathering  place  of  the  Clan 
Macpherson. 

CRAIGDHULOCH,  cliff,  upwards  of  1000 
feet  high,  overhanging  Loch  Dhuloch,  at 
head  of  Glenmuick,  on  mutual  border  of 
Aberdeenshire  and  Forfarshire. 

CRAIGELLACHIE,  hamlet,  one -arched 
bridge  of  150  feet  span,  and  bold  rocky 
romantic  height  on  the  Spey,  1J  mile 
north-east  of  Aberlour,  Banffshire.  The 
hamlet  has  a  head  post  office  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  a  station 
at  junction  of  Strathspey  and  Morayshire 
railways,  and  a  hotel. 

CRAIGELLACHIE,  bold  rocky  romantic 
height  on  the  Spey,  adjacent  to  Aviemore, 
Inverness-shire.  The  Clan  Grant  took 
from  it  their  war-cry,  '  Stand  fast,  Craigel- 
lachie.' 

CRAIGENCALLIE,  scene  of  successful 
stratagem  by  King  Robert  Bruce,  at  head 
of  Loch  Dee,  in  Minnigaff  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

CRAIGENCRUNE,  hill  in  Creich  parish, 
Fife. 

CRAIGEND,  village  in  East  Church 
parish,  Perth.  It  has  a  United  Presby- 
terian church  and  a  public  school. 

CRAIGEND,  village  in  Crosshill  district 
of  Old  Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CRAIGEND,  hill  in  north-west  corner  of 
Lanark  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CRAIGEND,  lake  and  farm  in  Newabbey 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  lake  is 
small  but  beautiful,  and  the  farm  has  a 
large  easily-moved  rocking-stone. 

CRAIGEND,  seat  in  Strathblane  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

CRAIGEND  OR  AN,  railway  station  and 
steamboat  harbour  about  a  mile  east  of 
Helensburgh,  Dumbartonshire.  They  were 
formed  in  1880-82  at  a  cost  of  £50,000. 

CRAIGENDS,  seat  in  Kilbarchan  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

CRAIGENFEICH,  place,  with  crags  of 
Osmond  stone,  in  Eaglesham  parish,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

CRAIGENGAR,  hill,  1700  feet  high,  with 
very  large  cave,  at  meeting  point  of  Lanark- 
shire, Edinburghshire,  and  Peeblesshire. 

CRAIGENGELT,  estate,  with  seat  and 
numerous  artificial  hillocks,  in  St.  Ninian's 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 


CRAIGENGOWER,  hill,  1086  feet  high, 
crowned  with  monument  to  Colonel  Blair, 
and  commanding  a  grand  view,  in  Straiten 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

CRAIGENS CORE,  mountain  in  Glen- 
bucket  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CRAIGFOODIE,  seat  and  hill  in  Dairsie 
parish,  Fife. 

CRAIGFORTH,  seat  and  bold  picturesque 
wooded  crag,  about  1J  mile  west  of 
Stirling. 

CRAIG  GHARTIN,  crag  at  west  end 
of  hill-range  commencing  in  Craigellachie, 
near  Aviemore,  Inverness- shire. 

CRAIG  GIBBON,  hill,  crowned  by  ob- 
elisk, in  Auchtergaven  parish,  Perthshire. 

CRAIGGIES,  section  of  Rogart  parish, 
Sutherland. 

CRAIG  GOWAN,  hill,  overlooking  Bal- 
moral Castle,  Aberdeenshire. 

CRAIGHALL,  two  villages,  New  and 
Old,  about  2  miles  south-south- west  of 
Musselburgh,  Edinburghshire.  Coal  mines 
are  adjacent,  and  an  Established  church 
for  the  miners  was  opened  in  1877,  and 
contains  500  sittings.    Pop.  1365. 

CRAIGHALL,  village  in  Coylton  parish, 
Ayrshire.    A  coal  mine  is  in  its  vicinity. 

CRAIGHALL,  seat  in  Ceres  parish,  Fife. 

CRAIGHALL,  seat,  surmounting  lofty 
cliff,  on  Ericht  river,  in  Rattray  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CRAIGHEAD,  place  in  Campsie  parish, 
Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  108  scholars. 

CRAIGHEAD,  seat  in  Blantyre  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CRAIGHEAD,  headland  in  Firth  of  Tay, 
near  Newport,  Fife. 

CRAIGHOLM,  residence  in  vicinity  of 
Burntisland,  Fife.  It  was  occupied  for 
several  summers  by  Rev.  Dr.  Chalmers. 

CRAIGHOUSE,  place  on  Jura  Island, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  under  Greenock. 

CRAIGIE,  parish,  averagely  about  3J 
miles  south  of  Kilmarnock,  Ayrshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  of  its  own  name  under 
Kilmarnock.  Its  length  is  7  miles;  its 
average  breadth  about  1^  mile ;  its  area 
6576  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,752.  Pop.  590.  The  surface  is 
mostly  level  and  fertile,  but  includes  some 
pastoral  eminences,  one  of  them  about  500 
feet  high,  commanding  an  extensive  view. 
The  seats  are  Cairnhill,  Barnwell,  and 
Underwood ;  and  the  chief  antiquity  is 
the  ruined  Craigie  Castle,  once  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Wallaces  of  Craigie.  The 
public  school  is  new,  and  has  accommoda- 
tion for  100  scholars. 

CRAIGIE,  village  and  site  of  old  castle, 
in  East  Church  parish,  Perth. 

CRAIGIE,  village  in  Caputh  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CRAIGIE,  village  and  hill  in  Dalmeny 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

CRAIGIE,  hamlet  in  Belhelvie  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  53  scholars. 


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105 


CRA 


CRAIGIE,  hill  in  Leuchars  parish, 
Fife. 

CRAIGIE,  estate  on  the  Tay,  between 
Dundee  and  Broughty  -  Ferry,  Forfar- 
shire. 

CRAIGIE,  lake,  continuous  with  Loch 
Loyal,  in  Sutherland. 

CRAIGIEBARNS,  hill,  about  1000  feet 
high,  in  northern  vicinity  of  Dunkeld, 
Perthshire.  It  has  very  striking  and 
diversified  features,  both  natural  and 
artificial,  and  commands  a  rich,  extensive 
view. 

CRAIGIEBURN,  seat,  with  wooded 
grounds,  2\  miles  east  of  Moffat.  It  is 
sung  by  both  Burns  and  Hogg. 

CRAIGIEHALL,  estate  on  Almond  river, 
in  Dalmeny  parish.  Linlithgowshire. 

CRAIGIEHOW,  hill  in  Avoch  parish, 
lloss-shire. 

CRAIGIELANDS,  modern  village,  adja- 
cent to  Beattock railway  station,  Dumfries- 
shire.   It  has  a  post  office  under  Moffat. 

CRAIGIEVAR,  mansion  and  hamlet  in 
Leochel  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  The  man- 
sion is  Craigievar  Castle,  a  renovated  old 
structure,  a  seat  of  Sir  William  Forbes, 
Bart.  ;  and  the  hamlet  has  a  post  office 
under  Aberdeen. 

CRAIGIEVINEAN.    See  Craigvinean. 
CRAIGINLENUE,  mountain  in  Luss  par- 
ish, Dumbartonshire. 

CRAIGLAND,  burn  on  boundary  of 
Avoch  parish,  Ross-shire. 

CRAIGLAW,  seat  in  Kirkcowan  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

CRAIGLEA,  slate  quarry  in  Fowlis- 
Wester  parish,  Perthshire. 

CRAIGLEITH,  great  sandstone  quarry 
and  new  villa  village,  about  2  miles  north- 
west of  Edinburgh. 

CRAIGLEITH,  islet,  about  a  mile  north 
of  North  Berwick,  Haddingtonshire. 

CRAIGLIOCH,  cliff,  at  romantic  gorge  of 
Ericht  river,  2  miles  north  of  Blairgowrie, 
Perthshire. 

CRAIGLOCKHART,  hill,  seat,  hydro- 
pathic establishment,  and  Established 
church,  about  2  miles  south-west  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  hill  is  wooded,  partly  basaltic, 
and  about  540  feet  high.  The  hydropathic 
establishment  was  opened  in  1880,  cost 
about  £45,000,  presents  a  frontage  of  280 
feet  to  the  west,  and  has  fully  13  acres  of 
recreation  grounds.  The  church  was  in 
course  of  erection  in  the  same  year,  and 
serves  for  Slateford  and  Gorgie  districts. 

CRAIGLOCKHART,  ruined  strong  lofty 
tower,  on  Mouse  rivulet,  near  Lanark. 

CRAIGLUG,  hill  in  Creich  parish, 
Fife. 

CRAIGLUSCAR,  hill,  2^  miles  north- 
west of  Dunfermline,  Fife. 

CRAIGLUSH,  lake  in  course  of  Lunan 
river,  in  Caputh  parish,  Perthshire. 

CRAIGMADDIE,  estate,  with  modern 
mansion,  fragment  of  ancient  castle,  and 
group  of  memorial  cairns,  2£  miles  north- 
east of  Milngavie,  south  border  of  Stirling- 
shire. 


CRAIGMARK,  village  in  Dalmellington 
parish,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  383. 

CRAIGMARLOCH,  village  on  the  Kelvin, 
at  boundary  between  Kilsyth  and  Cum- 
bernauld. 

CRAIGMILE,  seat  near  Kincardine 
O'Neil,  Aberdeenshire. 

CRAIGMILL,  village  at  south  base  of 
Abbey-Craig,  near  Stirling. 

CRAIGMILL,  place  in  Rattray  parish, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  79  scholars. 

CRAIGMILLAR,  ruined  grand  castle,  2| 
miles  south-east  of  Edinburgh.  It  dates 
from  unknown  times  ;  belonged  for  many 
ages  to  private  parties ;  was  the  prison 
of  a  brother  of  James  ill.,  and.  the 
residence  of  James  v.  in  his  minority; 
became  the  chief  country  retreat  of  Queen 
Mary ;  and  now,  as  a  ruin,  is  large,  strong, 
well  preserved,  and  strikingly  pictur- 
esque. 

CRAIGMON,  mountain  on  north  side  of 
Loch  Miulie,in  Grlenfarrar, Inverness-shire. 

CRAIGMONY,  prominent  rocky  hill  in 
Urquhart  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

CRAIGMORE,  seat  near  Ascog,  Isle  of 
Bute. 

CRAIGMORE,  mountain,  2306  feet  high, 
14  miles  north-north-east  of  Lairg,  Suther- 
land. 

CRAIGMORE,  precipitous  hill,  flanking 
part  of  Aberfoyle  vale,  in  Aberfoyle  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

CRAIG-NA-COHELIG,  great  mural  crag 
at  side  of  Loch  Lubnaig,  Perthshire. 

CRAIG -NA-FEILE,  insulated  natural 
pillar,  looking  like  a  statue,  near  Loch 
Staffin,  Isle  of  Skye. 

CRAIGNAIR,  hill,  with  granite  quarry, 
in  Buittle  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CRAIGNEIL,  ruined  ancient  fortalice, 
believed  to  have  been  a  retreat  of  King 
Robert  Bruce,  in  Colmonell  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

CRAIGNETHAN,  ruined  ancient  castle, 
on  Nethan  river,  about  a  mile  from  the 
Clyde,  in  Lesmahagow  parish,  Lanarkshire. 
It  was  built  by  an  ancestor  of  the  Duke  of 
Hamilton;  figured  long  as  both  a  noble 
residence  and  a  strong  fort ;  is  said  to 
have  been  inhabited  by  Queen  Mary  for 
several  days,  on  the  eve  of  the  battle  of 
Langside ;  suffered  removal  of  most  of  its 
walls  for  erection  of  neighbouring  build- 
ings ;  and,  as  depicted  by  his  imagination, 
was  Sir  Walter  Scott's  '  Tillietudlem 
Castle '  in  his  Old  Mortality. 

CRAIGNEUK,  town,  about  £  mile  east  of 
Motherwell,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  450  scholars,  and  is  near 
an  excellent  flagstone  quarry. 

CRAIGNISDALE,  hill  in  Kilmuir  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye.  It  is  partly  precipi- 
tous and  basaltic,  has  a  height  of  about 
1000  feet,  and  is  crowned  by  the  Quir- 
aing. 

CRAIGNISH,  sea-loch  and  parish  in  Lorn 
district,  Argyleshire.  The  loch  opens  from 
lower  part  of  Loch  Crinan ;  extends  6  miles 


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106 


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to  the  north-east ;  has  a  width  of  from  3  miles 
at  the  mouth  to  7  furlongs  near  the  head  ; 
and  is  sprinkled  with  numerous  islands, 
islets,  and  rocks.  The  parish  comprises  a 
peninsula,  widening  from  a  point  to  2j 
miles  between  the  loch  and  Jura  Sound ; 
extends  thence  to  a  total  length  of  about 
11  miles ;  and  has  an  average  breadth  of 
about  2  miles.  Its  post  town  is  Crinan, 
under  Lochgilphead.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £3950.  Pop.  451.  The  surface 
is  partly  flat,  partly  rugged,  and  partly  an 
assemblage  of  moors  and  hills,  with  ex- 
treme altitude  of  about  700  feet.#  The 
seats  are  Barbreck,  Dail,  and  Craignish 
Castle,  the  last  variously  ancient  and 
modern,  notable  for  resisting  a  long  siege 
by  Colkitto ;  and  the  antiquities  include 
vestiges  of  eleven  Scandinavian  forts  and 
remains  of  two  religious  houses.  The 
church  contains  500  sittings,  and  the  public 
school  has  about  71  scholars. 

CRAIGNISTON,  hill  and  burn  in  Fordoun 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

CRAIGNURE,  small  bay  and  hamlet  on 
east  side  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 
The  bay  goes  inward  from  Duart  Castle  ; 
and  the  hamlet  lies  near  its  head,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Oban,  an  inn,  and  a 
church. 

CRAIGO,  village  and  seat  on  the  North 
Esk,  21j  miles  north-east  of  Forfar.  The 
village  is  a  seat  of  manufacture,  and  has  a 
railway  station,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  110  scholars.    Pop.  124. 

CRAIGOBNEY,  hill  in  Auchtergaven 
parish,  Perthshire. 

CRAIGOCH,  burn  in  Portpatrick  parish, 
"Wigtonshire. 

CRAIGOWL,  hill,  1100  feet  high,  in 
Tealing  parish,  Forfarshire.  It  is  one  of 
the  loftiest  of  the  Sidlaws. 

CRAIG-PHADRICK,  hill,  1150  feet  high, 
2  miles  west  of  Inverness.  It  commences 
the  north-west  hill-flank  of  the  Great 
Glen  ;  has  wooded  acclivities,  rocky  escarp- 
ments, and  a  tabular  summit ;  is  crowned 
by  a  large,  oblong,  double-walled  vit- 
rified fort ;  and  commands  an  extensive 
view. 

CRAIGROSSIE,  mountain,  culminating 
4  miles  east-south-east  of  Auchterarder, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  height  of  2359  feet 
above  sea-level,  and  is  one  of  the  most  pro- 
minent of  the  Ochils. 

CRAIGROTHIE,  village,  2  miles  west  of 
Ceres,  Fife. 

CRAIGROWNIE,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
church  between  Kilcreggan  and  Cove,  on 
Roseneath  peninsula,  Dumbartonshire. 
Pop.  1136. 

CRAIGROYSTON,  cave  on  east  side  of 
Loch  Lomond,  1|  mile  north  of  Inversnaid. 
It  is  said  to  have  given  shelter  to  King 
Robert  Bruce,  and  to  have  been  used  by 
Rob  Roy  for  holding  council  with  his  sub- 
alterns ;  and  it  is  often  called  Rob  Roy's 
Cave. 

CRAIGS,  village  at  boundary  between 
Polinont    and    Muiravonside  parishes, 


Stirlingshire.  Pop.  with  Compthall  and 
Rumford,  314. 

CRAIGS,  place  near  Old  Kilpatrick, 
Dumbartonshire.  It  has  a  United  Presby- 
terian church. 

CRAIGS,  estate  in  "YVesterkirk  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CRAIGSIMMY,  hill  in  Creich  parish,  Fife. 

CRAIGS  OF  KYLE.    See  Coylton. 

CRAIGSPARROW,  hill  in  Newburgh 
parish,  Fife. 

CRAIGSTON,  castellated  seat  in  King- 
Edward  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CRAIGSTON,  place  in  Barra  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  56  scholars. 

CRAIGTHORNHILL,  seat  in  Glassford 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CRAIGTON,  village  in  Monikie  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Carnoustie. 

CRAIGTON,  place  within  Peterhead 
burgh,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  142  scholars. 

CRAIGTON,  place  in  New  Kilpatrick 
parish,  Dumbartonshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  56  scholars. 

CRAIGTON,  seat  near  the  railway,  west 
of  Pollockshields,  Renfrewshire. 

CRAIGTON,  estate  in  Abercorn  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

CRAIGTURRAH,  acclivitous  hill  in 
Tynron  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CRAIGVINEAN,  long  rugged  wooded 
hill-ridge  in  Little  Dunkeld  parish,  Perth- 
shire. It  figures  prominently  in  the  grand 
scenery  around  Dunkeld,  and  commands 
extensive  views. 

CRAIKMOOR,  hill  in  Roberton  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

CRAIL,  town  and  parish  in  south-east 
corner  of  Fife.  The  town  stands  on  the 
coast,  4  miles  east-north-east  of  An- 
struther  ;  is  a  seaport  and  a  royal  burgh, 
uniting  with  St.  Andrews  and  5  other  Fife 
burghs  in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ; 
had  anciently  a  royal  castle,  inhabited  by 
David  I.  ;  retains  in  many  of  its  houses  an 
antique  aspect ;  contains  an  ancient  fine 
Gothic  church,  famous  as  the  place  where 
John  Knox  preached  the  sermon  which 
created  the  popular  rush  against  the 
monasteries  ;  figures  more  in  fisheries  than 
in  commerce  or  manufactures ;  and  has  a 
post  office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Fifeshire,  a 
banking  office,  a  public  library,  some  ruins  of 
an  ancient  priory,  a  Free  church,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  263  scholars.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £3441.  Pop.  1145.— The  parish 
includes  Fifeness,  has  about  4  miles  of 
coast,  and  measures  6  miles  in  length,  and 
about  2|  miles  in  extreme  breadth.  Acres, 
6383.  Real  property  of  landward  part  in 
1880-81,  £11,766.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  1752. 
The  coast  is  mostly  bold  and  rocky ;  and  the 
interior  rises  abruptly  thence  to  elevations 
of  from  20  to  80  feet,  swells  gradually 
thence  to  the  west,  and  has  a  prevailingly 


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107 


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flat  and  naked  appearance.  The  seats  are 
Airdrie,  Kingsmuir,  Kirkmay,  Wormi- 
stone,  and  Balcomie  ;  and  a  curious  object 
is  a  dry-stone  dyke  about  ^  mile  in  length, 
enclosing  a  triangular  space  at  Fifeness, 
and  traditionally  alleged  to  have  been  con- 
structed by  the  Danes. 

CRAILING,  village  and  parish'  in  north 
centre  of  Roxburghshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Oxnam  rivulet,  4  miles  north- 
east of  Jedburgh,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Kelso,  a  parochial  church,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
71  scholars.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
the  village  and  railway  station  of  Nisbet, 
is  bisected  by  the  Teviot,  and  measures 
about  4  by  3f  miles.  Acres,  9997.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £10,156.  Pop.  638. 
The  land  is  mostly  fine  valley,  rising  gently 
from  both  sides  of  the  Teviot,  but  includes 
Penielheugh  Hill,  with  its  surmounting 
conspicuous  monument.  The  chief  re- 
sidences are  Crailing  House  and  the  Mar- 
quis of  Lothian's  seat  of  Mounteviot. 

CRAILSTON,  seat  in  Newhills  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CRAMMAG,  headland  in  Kirkmaiden 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

CRAMOND,  village  and  island  in 
Edinburghshire,  and  parish  partly  also  in 
Linlithgowshire.  The  village  stands  on 
the  coast  at  mouth  of  Almond  river,  5| 
miles  west-north-west  of  Edinburgh ;  oc- 
cupies the  site  of  a  Roman  station ;  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Cramond-Bridge, 
a  small  harbour, '  a  cruciform  parochial 
church  of  1656,  a  burying-ground  in  which 
an  ancient  Runic  ring  was  recently  found, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  95  scholars. 
Pop.  952. — The  island  lies  -f  mile  north- 
north-east  of  the  village,  is  accessible  on 
foot  at  low  water,  comprises  about  19  acres, 
and  is  pastured  by  sheep. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Granton,  Davidson's  Mains,  and 
Wardie  villages,  Cramond-Bridge  hamlet, 
and  small  part  of  Leith  burgh.  Its  length 
is  6  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  2  miles ; 
its  area  4747  acres  in  Edinburghshire,  and 
530  in  Linlithgowshire.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £38,870  and  £969.  Pop.  2877 
and  84.  The  Almond  runs  between  the 
Edinburghshire  and  the  Linlithgowshire 
sections,  and  has  here  finely  embellished 
banks.  The  land  includes  part  of  Corstor- 
phine  Hill,  is  elsewhere  either  flat  or 
undulating,  possesses  a  large  aggregate  of 
wood,  and  presents  on  the  whole  a  very 
rich  appearance.  Ironstone  and  coal  are 
found,  and  iron  is  forged  at  works  on  the 
Almond.  Chief  residences  are  Barnton 
House,  Cramond  House,  Caroline  Park, 
Lauriston  Castle,  Craigcrook,  New  Saugh- 
ton,  Braehead,  and  numerous  other 
mansions  and  villas.  An  Established 
church  is  at  Granton,  and  Free  churches 
are  at  Davidson's  Mains  and  Wardie.  6 
schools  for  483  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  1  of  them  for  114  is  new. 

CRAMOND-BRIDGE,  hamlet  on  Almond 
river,  6  miles  west-by-north  of  Edinburgh. 


It  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Mid- 
lothian, and  a  hotel. 

CRAMOND  -  REGIS,  ancient  hunting- 
seat  of  the  kings  of  Scotland,  on  ground 
now  occupied  by  Barnton  House,  in 
Cramond  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

CRANE,  lake  in  Dunsyre  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. It  lies  amid  moors  and  marshes  at 
about  800  feet  above  sea-level. 

CRANNICH,  section  of  Weem  parish,  on 
north-west  side  of  Loch  Tay,  Perthshire. 

CRANSHAW,  hill  in  Houna*m  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

CRANSHAWS,  parish  on  north  border  of 
Berwickshire,  with  church  8  miles  north- 
west of  Dunse.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Dunse.  It  consists  of  two  sections  lying 
from  f  mile  to  2\  miles  apart ;  it  measures 
nearly  6  miles  from  end  to  end  ;  and  it 
comprises  8708  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £2484.  Pop.  106.  The  surface 
lies  all  among  the  Lammermoors,  has 
summits  from  1049  to  1522  feet  high,  and 
includes  only  about  900  acres  of  cultivated 
land.  Cranshaws  Castle  is  a  modernized 
ancient  fortalice,  and  may  have  been  the 
'  Ravens  wood  Castle '  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Bride  of  Lammermoor.  The  public  school 
has  about  56  scholars. 

CRANSTON,  parish,  containing  the  post 
office  village  of  Cousland,  the  villages  of 
Preston,  Chesterhill,  and  Sauchanside,  and 
part  of  the  post  office  village  of  Ford,  on 
east  border  of  Edinburghshire.  Its  length 
is  5  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  3  miles  ; 
its  area  5100  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £9178.  Pop.  998.  The  surface 
is  uneven  but  not  hilly,  and  presents  a 
cultivated,  embellished,  and  beautiful 
appearance.  Coal,  limestone,  and  sand- 
stone abound.  Chief  objects  are  Oxen- 
ford  Castle  and  Prestonhall,  the  former  a 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Stair.  The  parochial 
church  is  a  handsome  Gothic  edifice  of 
1826  ;  a  United  Presbyterian  church  is  at 
Ford  ;  and  the  public  school  has  about  156 
scholars.  Cranston  gave  the  peerage  title 
of  baron  to  a  family  of  its  own  name  from 
1609  till  1869. 

CRANSTONHILL,  eminence  on  right 
bank  of  the  Clyde,  immediately  above 
Glasgow.  It  gave  name  to  waterworks 
constructed  in  1806. 

CRANYARD,  hill  in  Kingoldrum  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

CRASK,  hill  in  Loth  parish,  Sutherland. 

CRASPUL,  lake  in  Durness  parish, 
Sutherland. 

CRATHES,  hamlet  and  mansion,  3  miles 
east  of  Banchory,  Kincardineshire.  The 
hamlet  has  a  post  office  under  Aberdeen, 
a  railway  station,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  70  scholars.  The  mansion  is  the 
seat  of  Sir  Robert  Burnett,  Bart.,  and  is  a 
castellated,  stately  ancient  edifice,  figuring 
in  the  old  ballad  of  the  '  Baron  o'  Leys. ' 

CRATHIE,  parish  in  extreme  south- 
west of  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  of  its  own  name  under  Aberdeen, 
and  contains  the  villages  of  Auchendryne 


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108 


CRE 


and  Castleton  -  Braemar,  and  the  royal 
seat  of  Balmoral  Castle.  Its  length  is  28 
miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  15  miles ;  its 
area  182,257  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £14,430.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
1611 ;  quoad  sacra,  735.  The  entire  area 
is  the  upper  part  of  the  basin  of  the  Dee  ; 
the  boundary  all  round,  except  on  the  east, 
is  an  alpine  watershed  ;  the  section  around 
the  Dee's  sources  includes  a  main  portion 
of  Cairngorm  Mountains  ;  and  the  rest  of 
the  surface  is  an  imposing  assemblage  of 
lofty  upland,  picturesque  crag,  deep  glen, 
and  ornate  valley.  Not  less  than  about 
10,500  acres  are  under  wood.  The  seats, 
besides  Balmoral  Castle,  are  Abergeldie, 
Invercauld,  Mar  Lodge,  and  Corrymulzie 
Cottage.  The  parochial  church  was  built 
in  1806,  and  contains  about  900  sittings. 
A  Free  church  is  near  the  parochial  one  ; 
and  Established,  Free,  and  Roman  Catho- 
lic churches  are  in  Castleton.  7  schools 
are  in  the  parish,  and  have  accommodation 
for  430  scholars. 

CRATHIE,  headland  in  Fordyce  parish, 
Banffshire. 

GRAWFORD,  village  and  parish  in 
southern  extremity  of  Lanarkshire.  The 
village  stands  on  the  Clyde,  2  miles  south- 
east of  Abington,  and  was  once  of  some 
importance,  but  has  now  a  poor  appear- 
ance. The  parish  contains  also  Leadhills 
town,  and  measures  about  18  miles  in 
length  and  14^  in  greatest  breadth.  Acres, 
65,407.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £22,063. 
Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  1763 ;  quoad  sacra, 
698.  The  surface  lies  wholly  among  the 
Southern  Highlands ;  includes  main  part 
of  the  Lowther  Mountains ;  consists  of 
uplands  with  many  intersecting  vales ;  and 
has  prevailingly  a  bleak  and  bare  appear- 
ance. An  ancient  estate,  comprehending 
all  the  parish,  gave  to  the  family  of 
Lindsay  in  1398  the  title  of  earl,  now 
borne  jointly  with  that  of  Earl  of  Bal- 
carres.  Crawford  Castle,  now  a  ruin, 
called  Tower  Lindsay,  stands  on  the 
Clyde,  opposite  Crawford  village ;  and 
either  it,  or  a  previous  structure  on  the 
same  site,  is  said  to  have  been  the  scene 
of  a  notable  exploit  by  Sir  William  Wal- 
lace. Newton  House  is  the  only  modern 
mansion.  The  parochial  church  is  at 
Crawford  village,  and  a  quoad  sacra  parish 
church  is  at  Leadhills.  3  schools  for  168 
scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  85  are  new. 

CRAWFORDJOHN,  village  and  parish  in 
upper  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Duncaton  rivulet,  3f  miles  from 
its  influx  to  the  Clyde,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Abington,  a  parochial  church 
with  310  sittings,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  72  scholars.  The  parish  contains 
also  Abington  village,  and  measures  11 
miles  in  length  and  about  9  miles  in 
greatest  breadth.  Area,  26,357  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £11,088.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  843;  quoad  sacra,  836. 
The  surface  comprises  about  3200  acres  of 


arable  land,  but  is  chiefly  pastoral  upland, 
and  includes  part  of  Cairntable  Mountain. 
A  feudal  tower  stands  at  Snar,  and  vestiges 
of  a  great  camp  are  on  Netherton  Hill.  A 
Free  church  is  at  Abington  ;  and  4  schools 
with  accommodation  for  220  scholars  are 
within  the  parish. 

CRAWFORD  PRIORY,  modern  Gothic 
castellated  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Glasgow, 
2  miles  south-west  of  Cupar,  Fife.  It  was 
built  in  1813,  and  enlarged  in  1871,  and 
has  a  spired  tower  115  feet  high. 

CRAWFURDLAND,  castellated  seat, 
partly  ancient  and  partly  modern,  2f 
miles  east  of  Kilmaurs,  Ayrshire. 

CRAWFURDSBURN.    See  Cartsburn. 

CRAWHILL,  seat  in  Torphichen  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

CRAWICK,  rivulet,  running  about  9 
miles  south-westward  to  the  Nitb,  near 
Sanquhar,  Dumfriesshire. 

CRA  WICK-BRIDGE,  hamlet  in  Sanquhar 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CRAWICK-MILL,  suburb  of  Sanquhar 
burgh,  Dumfriesshire. 

CRAWLEY,  copious  spring  and  Edin- 
burgh waterworks,  among  the  Pentlands, 
about  3  miles  north-west  of  Penicuick, 
Edinburghshire. 

CRAWTON,  fishing  village  4  miles  south 
of  Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire. 

CRAY,  place,  with  Free  church,  in 
Blairgowrie  parish,  Perthshire. 

CRAYINCH,  island,  \  mile  north-east  of 
Inchmurrin,  Loch  Lomond. 

CREACHBEN,  mountain,  2344  feet  high, 
in  south-east  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CREACHBEN,  lofty  mountain  in  Sunart 
district,  Argyleshire. 

CREAGACH,  headland  on  south  side  of 
Laggan  Bay,  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

CREAGARRY,  place  in  North  Uist, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Lochmaddy. 

CREANWALL,  two  islets  in  Barra  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

CREE,  river,  rising  in  Ayrshire,  running 
chiefly  between  Kirkcudbrightshire  and 
Wigtonshire,  expanding  there  into  a 
narrow  lake  nearly  3  miles  long,  forming 
a  long  narrow  estuary  below  Newton- 
Stewart,  achieving  a  total  course  of  about  25 
miles,  and  entering  the  head  of  WigtonBay. 

CREEBRIDGE,  village  on  Cree  river,  in 
Minnigaff  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It 
has  a  public  school  with  about  134  scholars. 

CREED,  rivulet,  running  eastward  to 
Loch  Stornoway,  in  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CREETOWN,  seaport  village  on  Cree 
estuary,  7^  miles  south-south-east  of  New- 
ton-Stewart. It  dates  chiefly  from  1785, 
presents  a  pleasing  intermixture  of  houses 
and  gardens,  and  has  a  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Kirkcudbrightshire,  a  railway 
station,  an  inn,  a  town  hall,  an  Established 
church,  a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  76  scholars. 
Pop.  973. 


CRE  109 


CREGGAN,  ferry  on  Loch  Fyne,  at 
Strachur,  Argyleshire. 

CREICH,  parish,  averagely  about  4 
miles  north-west  of  Cupar,  Fife.  It 
contains  the  post  office  villages  of  Brunton 
and  Luthrie,  and  comprises  2341  acres. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £4069.  Pop. 
386.  The  land  is  chiefly  an  assemblage 
of  hills,  varying  in  bulk  and  form,  and 
nowhere  higher  than  550  feet  above  sea- 
level.  Creich  Castle,  the  ancient  residence 
of  the  Bethunes,  is  now  a  ruin  ;  and  Par- 
broath  Castle  is  now  represented  by  only 
part  of  an  arch.  The  parochial  church 
stands  at  Luthrie,  and  there  is  a  Free 
church  for  Creich  and  Flisk.  The  public 
school  has  accommodation  for  79  scholars. 

CREICH,  place  in  Kilfinichen  parish, 
Mull  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  120  scholars. 

CREICH,  Sutherland.    See  Ceiech. 

CREID.    See  Ceeed. 

CREIGH,  hill  in  Lintrathen  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

CREIGRIABHACH,  mountain  -  range  in 
Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

CRERAN,  rivulet  and  sea-loch  in  north 
of  Argyleshire.  The  rivulet  runs  about  12 
miles  west -south-westward  to  the  loch's 
head,  and  forms,  in  its  lower  reach,  the 
lake  of  Fasnacloich.  The  loch  strikes  10 
miles  west-south-westward  and  westward 
to  Loch  Linnhe,  opposite  Lismore  Island  ; 
has  nowhere  a  greater  breadth  than 
mile  ;  and  is  crossed  in  its  lower  part  by  a 
ferry,  on  the  line  of  road  from  Oban  to 
Fort- William. 

CRIANLARICH,  place  at  meeting-point 
of  Glendochart,  Strathfillan,  and  Glenfal- 
loch,  in  Killin  parish,  Perthshire.  It  has 
a  railway  station,  a  post  office  under  Stir- 
ling, and  a  hotel. 

CRIBHOPE,  small  vale  in  Hounam  par- 
ish, Roxburghshire. 

CRIBLAW,  hill  in  Roberton  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

CRICHIE,  village,  now  better  known  as 
Steuartfield,  in  Old  Deer  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

CRICHIE,  hill  near  Inverury,  Aberdeen- 
shire. It  has  traces  of  an  ancient  camp, 
and  it  figures  in  the  history  of  King 
Robert  Bruce. 

CRICHTON,  village  and  parish  on  east- 
ern border  of  Edinburghshire.  The  village 
stands  2  miles  north-east  of  Fushiebridge 
railway  station,  and  has  a  cruciform  church 
of  1449,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
205  scholars. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
village  of  Pathhead,  part  of  the  post 
office  village  of  Ford,  and  part  of  the 
village  of  Fala-Dam.  Its  length  is  5| 
miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  4|-  miles ;  its 
area  4821  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£8754.  Pop.  1094.  The  surface  is  a 
continuous  series  of  hill  and  dale,  of  such 
average  character  that  about  five-sixths  of 
it  are  arable.  Limestone  is  extensively 
worked.  Crichton  Castle  was  founded 
by  Sir  William  Crichton,  Chancellor  of 


cm 


Scotland  in  the  time  of  James  II ;  made 
resistance  to  the  Douglases,  and  gave 
entertainments  to  Queen  Mary ;  is  now 
a  massive  ruin  with  very  striking  architec- 
tural features ;  and  was  graphically  de- 
picted by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  his  Marmion. 
A  rising  ground  with  extensive  view  has 
distinct  vestiges  of  a  Roman  camp.  A 
Free  church  is  at  Pathhead,  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  is  at  Ford. 

CRICHUP,  waterfall,  with  leap  of  85 
feet,  4|-  miles  north-east  of  Thornhill, 
Dumfriesshire.  The  fall  occurs  on  a 
brook  within  a  deep,  dark,  cavernous 
chasm,  of  character  depicted  by  Sir  Walter 
Scott  in  his  Old  Mortality  as  the  haunt  of 
Balfour  of  Burley. 

CRIECH,  parish,  containing  the  post 
office  village  of  Bonar-Bridge,  in  south  of 
Sutherland.  It  extends  from  Benmore- 
Assynt  to  within  2J  miles  of  Dornoch,  and 
is  28  miles  long,  but  nowhere  more  than  9 
miles  broad.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,584.  Pop.  2223.  The  surface  is 
mostly  hilly  or  mountainous ;  and  only 
about  one-thirtieth  of  it  is  under  cultiva- 
tion. Chief  seats  are  Rosehall  and  Ospis- 
dale  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  a  vitrified 
fort  on  Criech  Hill,  and  numerous  tumuli 
on  a  supposed  great  battlefield  about  the 
year  1100  at  Drinieah.  The  churches  are 
1  Established  and  2  Free.  There  are  4 
schools  for  385  scholars,  and  2  of  them  and 
an  enlargement  for  241  are  new. 

CRIEFF,  town  and  parish  in  Strath  earn 
district,  Perthshire.  The  town  stands  on 
left  bank  of  the  Earn,  17|  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Perth,  and  has  a  small 
suburb  within  Muthill  parish,  on  the  right 
bank.  It  dates  from  at  least  the  early 
part  of  13th  century  ;  made  a  conspicuous 
figure  in  the  feudal  times ;  and  was  long 
the  seat  of  both  the  civil  and  the  criminal 
courts  of  the  Stewards  of  Strathearn.  It 
has  charming  environs ;  stands  chiefly  on 
the  face  of  a  brae  overhung  by  a  wooded 
hill ;  comprises  3  main  streets  diverging 
from  a  central  square ;  has  undergone 
recent  great  extension  and  improvement ; 
commands  delightful  views  over  a  wide 
extent  of  picturesque  country ;  and  attracts 
great  numbers  of  tourists,  summer  visitors, 
and  invalids.  It  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  railway  communica- 
tion toward  both  Perth  and  Stirling,  4 
banking  offices,  2  hotels,  a  town  hall,  a 
large  and  costly  hydropathic  establish- 
ment erected  in  1866  and  enlarged  in  1879, 
a  drainage  system  constructed  in  1877, 
several  public  libraries,  2  Established 
churches,  Free  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  an  elegant  Episcopalian  church 
of  1877,  Congregational,  Baptist,  and 
Roman  Catholic  chapels,  and  2  great  public 
schools.  A  new  East  parish  church  was 
projected  in  1881 ;  and  a  railway  to  Comrie, 
probably  with  continuation  to  Lochearn- 
head,  was  projected  in  1880.  Pop.  of  the 
town,  4579. — The  parish  consists  of  4 
sections,  all  detached  from  one  another, 


CRT 


110 


CRO 


and  comprises  20,385  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £29,805.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
4852  ;  quoad  sacra,  2864.  The  section  con- 
taining the  town  measures  about  4  miles 
by  3,  contains  no  higher  ground  than  the 
wooded  hill  called  the  Knock  of  Crieff, 
and  exhibits  the  beauty  and  luxuriance 
which  so  extensively  prevail  on  the  low 
grounds  of  Strathearn.  Two  other  sections, 
Callander  and  Achalhanzie,  lie  in  the  low 
country,  but  are  of  small  extent.  The 
fourth  section,  comprising  Corriemucklock 
and  the  greater  part  of  Glenalmond,  lies 
north  of  Monzie  parish,  and  is  mostly 
highland,  or  even  alpine,  romantic,  and 
wild.  Both  the  seats  and  the  interesting 
natural  objects  are  numerous.  4  schools 
for  848  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  an 
enlargement  of  1  of  them  for  345  is  new. 

CRIEFF  JUNCTION,  railway  station,  11J 
miles  south-east  of  Crieff,  Perthshire. 

CRIEFF  (WEST),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  church,  in  Crieff  town,  Perthshire. 
Pop.  2114. 

CRIEVE,  hill  in  Tundergarth  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CRIFFEL,  mountain,  about  6  miles  long 
and  1830  feet  high,  culminating  at  10 
miles  south  of  Dumfries,  overhanging 
right  side  of  the  Nith's  influx  to  Solway 
Firth,  and  commanding  an  extensive  view. 

CRIMELS,  place  on  coast  of  Eyemouth 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

CRIMOND,  parish  on  coast  of  Buchan, 
midway  between  Peterhead  and  Fraser- 
burgh, Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  of  its  own  name  under  Peterhead. 
Its  length  is  about  5J  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  3J  miles ;  its  area  5892 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £5998. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  832;  quoad  sacra,  810. 
The  coast  includes  Rattray  Head,  is  mostly 
a  broad  belt  of  flat  beach  and  sandy  hills, 
and  rises  thence  abruptly  to  a  height  of 
about  200  feet :  and  the  interior  first 
descends  gradually  from  that  height,  and 
then  ascends  gently  to  the  south  and  the 
south-west.  Excellent  building  stone  is 
quarried.  The  church  is  modern,  and  con- 
tains 500  sittings ;  and  the  public  school 
has  about  139  scholars. 

CRIMONDMOGATE,  seat  of  Sir  George 
Bannerman,  Bart.,  in  Lonmay  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

CRINAN,  seaport  village,  sea-loch,  and 
canal  in  Argyleshire.  The  village  stands 
on  upper  part  of  the  loch,  9  miles  west- 
north-west  of  Ardrishaig,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Lochgilphead,  a  hotel,  a 
wharf,  and  a  lighthouse.  The  loch  ex- 
tends 4|  miles  south-westward  to  Sound 
of  Jura,  and  is  tame  and  narrow  at  the 
head,  but  very  picturesque  lower  down, 
and  3  miles  wide  at  the  mouth.  The 
canal  goes  from  the  -village  on  the  loch  to 
vicinity  of  Ardrishaig  on  Loch  Gilp  ;  was 
formed  in  1793-1801,  and  much  improved 
at  successive  times ;  and  conveys  vessels 
of  less  than  200  tons  burden  direct  from 
Greenock  to  the  Western  seas. 


CRINGLETIE,  seat,  3£  miles  north  of 
Peebles. 

CRIOMABHAL,  hill,  1500  feet  high,  on 
north  side  of  Loch  Resort,  in  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

CROACHY,  place,  with  Episcopalian 
chapel,  in  Daviot  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

CROCKETFORD,  village,  10  miles  north- 
east of  Castle-Douglas,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Dumfries, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  70  scholars. 

CROE,  short  river,  running  impetuously 
to  east  end  of  Loch  Duich,  Ross-shire. 

CROFTDYKE,  suburb  of  Ceres,  in  Fife. 

CROFTHEAD,  town,  3f  miles  south-west 
of  Whitburn,  Linlithgowshire.  It  stands 
amid  a  bleak,  moorish  mineral  field,  is  of 
recent  origin,  consists  of  Crofthead-Pro- 
per  and  Fauldhouse,  and  has  a  post  office 
of  Fauldhouse,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  Lin- 
lithgowshire, railway  stations  of  Crofthead 
and  Fauldhouse,  a  banking  office,  and 
Established,  Free,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches.  Pop.  of  Crofthead-Proper  and 
Fauldhouse,  3000. 

CROFTHEAD,  village,  |  mile  south-west 
of  Neilston,  Renfrewshire.  It  had  a 
cotton  factory  so  early  as  1792,  and  was 
the  terminus  of  Glasgow  and  Neilston 
Railway  till  formation  of  the  continued 
line  thence  to  Kilmarnock.  Pop.  with 
Levernbank,  609. 

CROFTHEAD,  place,  with  cave,  in  Kirk- 
mahoe  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CROFTINLOAN,  seat,  between  Pitlochrie 
and  Moulinearn,  Perthshire. 

CROFTON,  seat  near  Lanark. 

CROFTS,  estate  in  Carmylie  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

CROFTS,  place,  with  interesting  oval 
camp,  in  Crossmichael  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

CROGLIN,  craggy  precipitous  hill  in 
Tynron  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

CROGO,  hamlet  in  Balmaclellan  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CROICK,  quoad  sacra  parish  within  Kin- 
cardine quoad  civilia  parish,  Ross-shire. 
Its  church  stands  in  a  sequestered  vale, 
about  12  miles  from  Bonar-Bridge.  The 
public  school  has  about  20  scholars.  Pop. 
194. 

CROKACH,  lake,  2J  miles  north  of 
Lochinver,  Sutherland. 

CROMALT,  hills,  12  miles  south  of 
Assynt  church,  Sutherland. 

CROMAR,  section  of  Mar  district,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  comprehends  Coull,  Tar- 
land,  Migvie,  Logie-Coldstone,  and  part 
of  Tulloch  parishes,  and  has  a  Free 
church. 

CROMARTY,  town  and  parish  in  Cro- 
martyshire, and  firth  partly  also  in  Ross- 
shire.  The  town  stands  on  fine  bay,  on 
south  side  of  the  firth,  near  the  firth's 
mouth,  21^  miles  north-north-east  of  In- 
verness ;  is  a  seaport  and  a  parliamentary 
burgh,  uniting  with  Dingwall,  Tain,  Dor- 
noch, Wick,  and  Kirkwall  in  sending  a 


CEO 


111 


CRO 


member  to  Parliament ;  adjoins  Cromarty 
Hill,  the  scene  of  a  victory  of  Sir  William 
Wallace,  with  magnificent  view ;  figures  as 
the  seat  of  the  thaneship  of  Macbeth,  and 
as  the  birth-place  of  Hugh  Miller  ;  consists 
of  close  irregular  streets ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Cromartyshire, 
2  banking  offices,  2  hotels,  an  obeliskal 
monument  to  Hugh  Miller,  2  Established 
churches,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  200  scholars.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £1905.  Pop.  1352.— The  parish  is 
7  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  4  miles  broad. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £5447.  Pop.  2009. 
The  coast  on  Moray  Firth  is  abrupt,  precipit- 
ous, and  lofty,  but  on  Cromarty  Firth  is  low; 
and  the  interior,  as  seen  from  the  north, 
presents  a  bold  high  outline,  rising  toward 
the  lofty  eastern  coast  and  declining  in 
long  ridge  toward  the  west.  Cromarty 
House  is  a  chief  residence.  3  schools  for 
186  scholars  were  formerly  in  the  parish, 
but  gave  place  to  2  new  ones  for  370. — The 
firth  is  the  estuary  of  Conan  river  ;  com- 
mences near  Dingwall ;  goes  curvingly 
north-eastward  to  Moray  Firth  ;  measures 
about  20  miles  in  length,  and  mostly  from 
1|  to  2|-  miles  in  breadth  ;  makes  a  north- 
ward expansion  in  its  lower  part  to  the 
extent  of  6  miles  by  4  ;  and  terminates  in 
a  narrow  mouth  between  two  bold  pro- 
montories, called  the  butors  of  Cromarty. 

CROMARTYSHIRE,  county,  comprehend- 
ing Ardmeanach,  Coigach,  most  of  north- 
ern acclivity  of  Strathpeffer,  and  several 
small  tracts,  all  detached  from  one  another, 
some  of  them  at  wide  distances,  the  whole 
so  interspersed  with  Ross-shire  as  to  be 
identified  for  almost  every  practical  pur- 
pose with  that  county  . 

CROMBIE,  small  headland,  harbour, 
village,  and  estate,  in  old  parish  now 
united  to  Torryburn,  in  Fife. 

CROMBIE,  old  castle,  now  of  three 
storeys,  but  formerly  much  higher,  in 
Marnoch  parish,  Banffshire. 

CROMBIE,  burn  in  Kingoldrum  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

CROMDALE,  parish  containing  Gran- 
town,  and  intersected  by  the  Spey,  in 
Elginshire.  Part  of  it,  prior  to  1870,  was 
in  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  post  office  of  its 
own  name  designated  of  Morayshire,  and  a 
railway  station.  Its  length  is  17  miles ;  its 
extreme  breadth  10  miles.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £11,926.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
3642 ;  quoad  sacra,  1145.  Low  grounds 
lie  adjacent  to  the  Spey  ;  sloping  wooded 
hills  rise  on  the  north ;  and  the  moun- 
tain range  called  Cromdale  Hill  occupies 
the  south.  The  low  grounds,  known  and 
sung  as  the  Haughs  of  Cromdale,  were  the 
scene  of  a  famous  skirmish  in  1690.  The 
only  mansion  is  Castle-Grant,  a  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Seafield  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities 
are  the  ruined  castles  of  Muckerach  and 
Lochindorb.  The  churches  are  2  Es- 
tablished, a  Free,  and  a  Baptist.  There 
are  7  schools  for  802  scholars,  and  3  of 


them  and  an  enlargement  for  350  are  new. 
A  suspension  passenger  bridge  was  erected 
in  1881. 

CROMLIX,  place,  with  2  mineral  springs, 
If  mile  north  of  Dunblane,  Perthshire. 

CROMORE,  harbour  in  mouth  of  Loch 
Erisort,east  coast  of  Lewis, Outer  Hebrides. 

CROMWELL  PARK,  village  on  Almond 
river,  in  Redgorton  parish,  Perthshire. 

CROMWELL'S  MOUNT,  small  mound  in 
Broxmouth  Park,  near  Dunbar,  Hadding- 
tonshire. Oliver  Cromwell  stood  on  it 
when  directing  the  advance  to  the  battle 
of  Dunbar. 

CRONA,  flat  islet,  adjoining  Oldney,  in 
Assynt  parish,  Sutherland. 

CRONBERRY,  village  in  Auchinleck 
parish,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  799. 

CROOK,  hamlet  in  Alves  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

CROOK,  place  on  the  Tweed,  15  miles 
south-west  of  Peebles.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Biggar,  and  an  inn. 

CROOK,  affluent  of  the  North  Esk,  in 
Forfarshire. 

CROOKEDHOLM,  suburb  of  Hurlford, 
Ayrshire.  It  has  a  large  spinning-mill, 
and  a  large  public  school.    Pop.  657. 

CROOKHOLM,  seat  in  Canonbie  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

CROOK  OF  DEVON,  small  ancient  village, 
with  railway  station,  contiguous  to  sharp 
turn  of  the  river  Devon,  6  miles  west  of 
Kinross. 

CROOKSTON,  ruined  castle,  3  miles 
south-east  of  Paisley,  Renfrewshix-e.  It 
belonged  to  the  Lennox  branch  of  the 
Stewarts,  and  is  believed  to  have  been  the 
scene  of  Lord  Darnley's  betrothment  to 
Queen  Mary. 

CROOKSTON,  seat  on  the  Gala,  5J  miles 
north-north-west  of  Stow,  Edinburghshire. 

CROSBY,  ancient  chapelry  in  Monkton 
parish,  Ayrshire.  Its  burying-ground  and 
remains  of  its  church  still  exist. 

CROSS,  quoad  sacra  parish  within 
Barvas  quoad  civilia  parish  in  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  2  churches,  Es- 
tablished and  Free.    Pop.  2725. 

CROSS,  affluent  of  Luce  river,  Wigton- 
shire. 

CROSSAIG,  rivulet  and  seat  in  Saddell 
parish,  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

CROSS  AND  BURNESS,  parish  in  north 
of  Orkney.  It  comprehends  the  south- 
western and  north-western  limbs  of  Sanday 
Island  and  all  North  Ronaldshay.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1677  ;  quoad  sacra,  1130. 
Churches  are  in  both  Sanday  and  North 
Ronaldshay,  and  public  schools  are  in  both 
Cross  and  Burness. 

CROSS  ARTHURLEE,  suburb  of  Barr- 
head, in  Renfrewshire. 

CROSSBANK,  seat  near  Crossford, 
Lanarkshire. 

CROSSBASKET,  seat  in  East  Kilbride 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CROSSBOST, place  in  Lochs  parish,Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Stornoway,  and  a  Free  church  of  1882. 


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112 


CRO 


CROSSBURN,  seat  in  Douglas  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CROSSCHAIN,  rising  ground,  historically 
connected  with  Soutra  ancient  hospital, 
and  situated  near  it  in  the  south-western 
extremity  of  Haddingtonshire. 

CROSSCROIN,  hill  in  Culter  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CROSSDARDAR,  hill,  with  large  cairn, 
in  Birse  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CROSSFORD,  village  on  left  side  of  the 
Clyde,  4f  miles  north-west  of  Lanark.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Lanark,  a  Free 
church,  a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  129  scholars. 
Pop.  816. 

CROSSFORD,  village,  1|  mile  west  of 
Dunfermline,  Fife.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  52  scholars.    Pop.  282. 

CROSSFORD,  place  in  Glencairn  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  50  scholars. 

CROSSGATES,  town,  3J  miles  east-north- 
east of  Dunfermline,  Fife.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Fifeshire,  a  rail- 
way station,  waterworks  of  1874,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  138  scholars.    Pop.  932. 

CROSSGATES,  hamlet  in  Cults  parish, 
Fife. 

CROSSHALL,  collier  village,  2\  miles 
south-south-east  of  Falkirk,  Stirlingshire. 

CROSSHALL,  sculptured  ancient  monu- 
ment in  Eccles  parish,  Berwickshire. 

CROSSHANDS,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Mauchline  parish,  Ayrshire. 

CROSSHILL,  suburb,  2  miles  south  of 
Royal  Exchange,  Glasgow.  It  adjoins  tbe 
Queen's  Park,  and  communicates  by  tram- 
way with  the  city ;  it  arose  in  recent 
years  around  the  site  of  a  small  old  village, 
and  became  a  police  burgh  in  1871 ;  it 
comprises  both  irregular  thoroughfares 
and  fine  rows  of  villas ;  it  contains  2 
public  halls,  opened  in  respectively  No- 
vember 1876  and  December  1879 ;  and  it 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Glasgow, 
and  3  handsome  churches,  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian.  Pop.  2960. 

CROSSHILL,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Carrick  district,  Ayrshire.  The 
village  stands  on  Girvan  river,  3  miles 
south-west  of  Maybole,  presents  a  neat 
appearance,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  under  Maybole, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  2 
public  schools  with  about  222  scholars. 
Pop.  740.  The  quoad  sacra  parish  has  a 
public  school  also  at  Hillside.    Pop.  1285. 

CROSSHILL,  north-west  section  of  Old 
Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  con- 
tains a  village  of  its  own  name,  the  town 
of  Baillieston,  and  the  villages  of  Swinton, 
West  Marystown,  Barachnie,  and  Craig- 
end. 

CROSSHILL,  place  in  Avondale  parish, 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  256  scholars. 


CROSSHILL,  hamlet  in  East  Kilbride 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CROSSHILL,  eminence,  with  fine  view, 
near  Bishopton,  in  Erskine  parish,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

CROSSHOUSE,  village,  with  railway 
station,  If  mile  north-west  of  Kilmarnock, 
Ayrshire.  It  has  a  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  of  1882.    Pop.  631. 

CROSSLEE,  village,  7  miles  north-west 
of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire.    Pop.  406. 

CROSSLEE,  hamlet,  4  miles  south  of 
Stow,  Edinburghshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Stow. 

CROSSMICHAEL,  village  and  parish  near 
centre  of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  village 
stands  4  miles  west  of  Castle  -  Douglas, 
presents  a  pleasant  appearance,  and  has  a 
post  office,  designated  of  Kirkcudbright- 
shire, a  railway  station,  a  parochial  church 
with  about  650  sittings,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  65  scholars. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Ringanwhey  and  Clarebrand, 
includes  an  outskirt  of  Castle-Douglas,  and 
measures  5^  miles  in  length,  and  4  miles  in 
greatest  breadth.  Acres,  9919.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £15,046.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  1333;  quoad  sacra,  1260.  The 
river  Dee  traces  the  western  boundary, 
and  the  river  Urr  the  eastern.  The  land 
comprises  extensive  meadows  adjacent  to 
the  rivers,  and  a  finely- diversified  fertile 
ridge  between.  Antiquities  are  numerous, 
and  include  moats,  an  oval  camp,  and  re- 
mains of  fortifications. 

CROSSMOUNT,  seat  near  Mount  Alex- 
ander, in  Strathtummel,  Perthshire. 

CROSSMYLOOF,  suburb,  2  miles  south- 
south-west  of  centre  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Glasgow.    Pop.  1475. 

CROSSPOL,  bay  in  Coll  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

CROSSRAGUEL,  extensive  striking  ruins 
of  abbey  of  13th  century,  2  miles  south- 
west of  Maybole,  Ayrshire. 

CROSSRIDGE,  hill  in  Carmichael  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CROSSROADS,  place  in  Riccarton  parish, 
Ayrshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  65  scholars. 

CROSSROADS,  hamlet  in  Slamannan 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

CROSSROADS,  place  in  Dreghorn  parish, 
Ayrshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  120  scholars. 

CROSSROADS,  place,  3  miles  from 
Grange  railway  station,  Banffshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Fochabers. 

CROSS-STREET,  suburb  of  Stornoway, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

CROSSTON,  hamlet  in  Aberlemno 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

CROULIN.  group  of  islets  in  Applecross 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

CROVIE,  fishing  village  in  Gamrie  parish, 
Banffshire.    Pop.  258. 

CROY,  parish  in  Nairnshire  and  Inver- 
ness-shire. It  has  a  post  office  of  its  own 
name  under  Fort  -  George  station.  Its 
length  is  about  21  miles,  but  is  intersected 


CRO 


113 


CUL 


by  parts  of  3  other  parishes ;  its  greatest 
breadth  is  9  miles  ;  and  its  area  is  11,528 
acres  in  Nairnshire,  and  11,251  acres  in 
Inverness-shire.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£3728  and  £6775.  Pop.  634  and  1075.  Part 
of  the  land  is  fine  strath,  traversed  by 
river  Nairn  ;  and  part  is  bleak  naked  moor, 
including  Culloden.  The  seats  are  Kil- 
ravock,  Leys,  Holme,  Cantray,  and  Dal- 
cross  ;  and  the  antiquities  include  a  great 
group-  of  cairns  and  ancient  Caledonian 
stone  circles.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished and  Free ;  and  there  are  2  new 
public  schools  for  220  scholars. 

CROY,  hamlet,  with  railway  station,  11- 
mile  south-south-east  of  Kilsyth,  and  10 
miles  west-south-west  of  Falkirk. 

CRUACH,  lofty  mountain  on  western 
border  of  Fortingal  parish,  Perthshire. 

CRUACH-LUSSA,  broad-based  mountain, 
1530  feet  high,  with  extensive  view,  in 
North  Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 

CRUCIFIELD,  hill,  with  ancient  concen- 
tric circles,  in  Unst  Island,  Shetland. 

CRUCKIE,  hill,  with  fine  view,  in  Parton 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

CRUDEN,  fishing  village  and  parish  in 
Buchan  district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  vil- 
lage stands  at  mouth  of  rivulet  of  its  own 
name,  on  fine  bay,  9  miles  north-east-by- 
east  of  Ellon,  has  a  post  office  under  Ellon, 
and  is  sometimes  called  Ward.  The  parish 
contains  also  the  villages  of  Finnyfold  and 
Bullers-Buchan,  and  extends  about  8^ 
miles  along  the  coast,  and  about  7^  miles 
inland.  Acres,  18,236.  Peal  property  in 
1880-81,  £16,073.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
3444 ;  quoad  sacra,  2835.  The  northern 
half  of  the  coast  consists  of  lofty,  precipi- 
tous, fissured  cliffs,  and  includes  the  Bul- 
lers  of  Buchan ;  and  the  southern  part 

rst  opens  into  Cruden  Bay,  and  then  is 

anked  by  a  range  of  sunken  rocks  called 
Scares.  The  interior  is  cut  into  two  nearly 
equal  parts  by  Cruden  rivulet ;  and  the 
northern  border  has  a  great  extent  of  bog. 
Slains  Castle,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Errol,  stands  on  the  southern  part  of  the 
bold  coast.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  Episcopalian,  There  are  6 
schools  for  501  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  184  are  new. 

CRUDIE,  place  in  Newbyth  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  164  scholars. 

CRUGGLETON,  old  parish,  with  head- 
land and  fragment  of  ancient  castle,  now 
united  to  Sorbie,  Wigtonshire. 

CRUICK,  rivulet,  running  about  12  miles 
eastward  to  the  North  Esk,  near  Stricka- 
throw,  in  Forfarshire. 

CRUIKSFIELD,  seat  in  Bunkle  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

CRUMSTANE,  hill,  with  large  cairn,  in 
Langton  parish,  Berwickshire. 

CRUTHERLAND,  seat  in  Glassford  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire. 

CRYSTON.    See  Chryston. 

CUAN,  narrow  strait  and  ancient  parish 
in  Argyleshire.    The  strait  separates  Seil 


Island  from  Luing  ;  and  the  parish  is  now 
part  of  Kilbrandon.  But  all  Kilbrandon 
is  popularly  called  Cuan. 

CUCHULLIN,  great,  stern,  pinnacled 
mountain-group,  in  extreme  south  of  Skye 
Island,  Inverness-shire.  They  occupy  an 
area  of  about  45  square  miles ;  consist 
chiefly  of  bare,  dark  hypersthene  rock  ; 
are  intersected  by  wild  ravines  ;  and  lift 
their  three  highest  summits  to  altitudes 
of  3180,  3200,  and  3220  feet. 

CUCKOLD-LE-ROI.    See  Cockleroi. 

CUEN,  lake,  with  islets,  in  Kildonan 
parish,  Sutherland. 

CUFFABOUTS,  hamlet  in  Carriden  par- 
ish, Linlithgowshire. 

CUIL,  bay  on  north-west  coast  of  Appin, 
Argyleshire. 

CUILHILL,  village  in  Old  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

CUL,  headland  on  west  coast  of  Islay 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

CULAG,  rivulet,  running  to  Loch  Inver, 
in  Assynt  parish,  Sutherland. 

CULAIRD,  hamlet  in  Dores  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

CULARDACH,  mountain,  2953  feet  high, 
6  miles  north-north-east  of  Castleton- 
Braemar,  Aberdeenshire. 

CULBEN,  tract  of  about  9500  acres,  on 
coast  westward  from  outlet  of  Findhorn 
river,  Elginshire.  It  was  formerly  very 
fertile,  but  is  now  a  sandy  desert. 

CULBLEAN,  hill-range  in  Tullich  section 
of  Glenmuick  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It 
was  the  scene  of  a  battle  in  1335  between 
the  forces  of  King  David  Bruce  and  those 
of  the  Earl  of  Athole. 

CULBOCKIE,  village  in  Urquhart  parish, 
Poss-shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Dingwall. 

CULBURNIE,  place  in  Kiltarlity  parish, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  70  scholars. 

CULCABOCK,  village  about  a  mile 
south-east  of  Inverness. 

CULCREUCH,  seat  in  Fintry  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

CULDEES,  seat  in  Muthill  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

CULDUTHEL,  village  in  Inverness  par- 
ish, and  moor  in  Inverness  and  Croy  par- 
ishes, Inverness-shire.  The  village  has  a 
post  office  under  Inverness,  and  a  public 
school. 

CULFARGIE,  estate  in  Abernethy  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

CULFREICH,  lake  in  Assynt  parish, 
Sutherland. 

CULHORN,  seat,  2  miles  south-east  of 
Stranraer,  Wigtonshire. 

CULISH,  place  in  Knockbain  parish, 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  117  scholars. 

CULKEIN,  place  in  Assynt  parish, 
Sutherland.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  87  scholars. 

CULLALO,  hill-range,  a  little  south-east 
of  Cowdenbeath,  in  Fife.  Nearly  750  feet 
high,  and  its  southern  face  is  precipitous. 


CUL 


114 


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CULLEN,  town  and  parish  on  coast  of 
Banffshire.  The  town  stands  at  mouth  of 
rivulet  of  its  own  name,  on  crescent  bay. 
14  miles  west-north-west  of  Banff ;  was 
mostly  rebuilt  on  a  new  site  subsequent  to 
1822 ;  is  a  seaport  and  a  royal  burgh, 
uniting  with  Banff,  Elgin,  Peterhead, 
Inverury,  and  Kintore  in  sending  a  member 
to  Parliament ;  presents  a  regular,  well- 
built  appearance ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Fochabers,  2  banking  offices, 
a  large  hotel,  a  good  harbour,  Established, 
Free,  and  Congregational  churches,  and  2 
public  schools  with  about  451  scholars. 
Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £3535.  Pop. 
2033.  —  The  parish  comprises  881  acres. 
Beal  property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£1219.  Pop.  2236.  The  land  has  a  bold 
rocky  coast,  includes  Bin  of  Cullen  Hill, 
1048  feet  high,  is  mostly  rolling  and  pic- 
turesque, and  comprises  Seafield  estate, 
giving  the  titles  of  viscount  and  earl  to 
the  family  of  Ogilvy.  Cullen  House,  a. 
seat  of  the  Earl,  stands  near  the  town. 
Cullen  rivulet  comes  in  from  Deskford, 
and  has  a  total  run  of  about  7  miles. 
There  are  3  public  schools  for  542  scholars, 
and  1  of  them  for  430  is  new. 

CULLEN,  seat  near  Strathaven,  Lanark- 
shire. 

CULLERLIE,  estate  in  Echt  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  A  public  school  is  on  it, 
and  has  about  65  scholars. 

CULLICUDDEN,  ancient  parish,  now 
forming  western  section  of  Besolis,  in 
Boss-shire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Conan-Bridge,  a 
fragment  of  its  ancient  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  115  scholars. 

CULLIN.    See  Cuchullin. 

CULLISAID,  lake  in  Tongue  pariah, 
Sutherland. 

CULLIVOE,  hamlet  and  bay  in  North 
Yell,  Shetland.  The  hamlet  has  a  post 
office  under  Lerwick,  and  the  bay  is  a 
tolerably  good  open  roadstead. 

CULLODEN,  estate  on  north-east  verge 
of  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  railway  station 
3j  miles  east  of  Inverness,  and  gives  name 
to  the  famous  battle  of  1746.  The  mansion 
on  it  belonged  then  to  Lord  President 
Forbes,  and  was  for  several  days  the  head- 
quarters of  Prince  Charles  Edward.  Drum- 
mossie  Moor,  where  the  battle  was  fought, 
is  2  miles  south-east  of  the  railway  station, 
and  has  an  obeliskal  monument  of  1850, 
commemorative  of  the  battle. 

CULLOW,  place  where  fairs  are  held, 
near  Kirriemuir,  Forfarshire. 

CULLYCAN,  ravine  on  coast  of  Gamrie 
parish,  Banffshire. 

CULM,  hill  in  Boberton  parish,  Box- 
burghshire. 

CULMALLIE,  ancient  parish,  now  called 
Golspie,  in  Sutherland. 

CULNAGREIN,  suburb  or  section  of 
Stornoway  town,  Outer  Hebrides. 

CULNOAG,  place,  with  site  of  ancient 
church,  in  Sorbie  parish,  Wigtonshire. 


CULRAIN,  hamlet  on  north  verge  of 
Boss-shire,  3^  miles  north-west-by-west  of 
Bonar-Bridge.  It  has  a  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Boss-shire,  and  a  railway  station. 

CULROSS,  town  and  parish  in  detached 
district  of  Perthshire.  The  town  stands 
on  face  of  a  brae  near  Firth  of  Forth,  6 
miles  west  of  Dunfermline;  has  declined 
from  ancient  importance  to  the  condition 
of  a  village ;  ranks  as  a  royal  burgh, 
uniting  with  Dunfermline,  Inverkeithing, 
Queensferry,  and  Stirling  in  sending  a 
member  to  Parliament ;  was  long  famous 
for  hammermen,  as  noticed  in  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  Heart  of  Midlothian;  had  an 
ancient  abbey,  notable  for  extensive  coal- 
mining, and  now  represented  by  the  reno- 
vated choir,  used  as  the  parochial  church  ; 
and  has  now  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Alloa,  2  inns,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  112  scholars.  Beal  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £1583.  Pop.  373.— The 
parish  contains  also  the  villages  of  Blairburn 
and  Low  Valleyfield,  and  measures  about 
4  miles  in  both  length  and  breadth.  Acres, 
7584.  Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £7121. 
Pop.  1130.  The  land  rises  abruptly  from  the 
shore,  and  is  mostly  undulating,  but  attains 
considerable  elevation  toward  the  north  and 
north-west.  Coal  mines  were  formerly 
extensive,  but  are  now  nearly  or  quite  ex- 
hausted. Culross  Abbey  House  was  visited 
by  James  VI.,  who  called  it  'a  collier's 
house,'  and  went  from  it  to  see  the  mines, 
but  took  fright  in  them,  and  raised  a  cry 
of  treason  ;  and  it  was  built  in  1590  by 
Lord  Colville  of  Culross,  and  rebuilt  by 
Sir  Bobert  Preston.  Other  seats  are 
Castlehill,  Blair  Castle,  and  Valleyfield; 
and  the  first  occupies  the  site  of  Duna- 
marle,  a  stronghold  of  the  Macduffs,  thanes 
of  Fife.  An  Episcopalian  church  of  1876 
adjoins  Castlehill. 

CULROY,  village,  3J  miles  north  of  May- 
bole,  Ayrshire. 

CULS ALMOND,  parish,  averagely  about 
9  miles  east-south-east  of  Huntly,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  contains  the  post  office  of 
Colpy,  under  Insch.  Its  length  is  about 
4J  miles ;  its  breadth  about  3  miles  ;  its 
area  6994  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880- 
81,  £6416.  Bop.  828.  The  surface  is 
bisected  by  the  Ury,  and,  with  exception 
of  two  small  hills,  is  level.  The  chief  seat  is 
Newton  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  re- 
mains of  a  Caledonian  camp,  vestiges  of  two 
Caledonian  stone  circles,  part  of  an  ancient 
highway,  and  an  inscribed  ancient  stand- 
ing-stone. The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  Congregational,  and  Episcopalian ; 
and  there  are  2  schools  with  accommodation 
for  213  scholars. 

CULSH,  hill,  with  extensive  view,  in 
New  Deer  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CULSTERNESS,  headland,  with  large 
cave,  in  Delting  parish,  Shetland. 

CULTER,  village  in  upper  ward  of 
Lanarkshire,  and  parish  partly  also  in 
Peeblesshire.     The    village    stands  on 


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115 


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rivulet  of  its  own  name,  about  2j  miles 
south-west  of  Biggar,  and  lias  a  post  office 
under  Biggar,  a  railway  station,  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  72  scholars.  The  parish 
is  about  7  miles  long,  and  4  miles  broad, 
and  comprises  10,175  acres  in  Lanark- 
shire, and  1708  in  Peeblesshire.  Beal 
property  in  1880-81,  £6763  and  £2142. 
Pop.  428  and  146.  The  northern  sec- 
tion is.  bounded  by  the  Clyde,  and  is 
either  level  or  undulating ;  and  the 
southern  section  rises  abruptly  into  ver- 
dant hills,  and  ascends  rapidly  into  lofty 
mountains.  The  rivulet  Culter  rises  in 
the  extreme  south,  runs  along  the  centre, 
makes  several  fine  cataracts  and  cascades, 
and  glides  into  the  Clyde.  The  seats  are 
Culterallers,  Cultermains,  Birthwood, 
Cornhill,  and  Hartree ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  two  moats  and  the  site  of  a 
Knight  Templars'  house. 

CULTER,  railway  station,  7f  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Aberdeen.  Culter  rivulet 
enters  the  Dee  in  its  vicinity,  runs  thither 
from  Skene  parish,  has  picturesque  banks, 
and  makes  a  fine  waterfall.  Culter  House, 
a  little  to  the  north-east,  is  a  mansion 
said  to  have  been  built  in  the  time  of 
Queen  Mary. 

CULTERCULLEN,  place  near  Ellon, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen. 

CULTER  FELL,mountain,  2454  feet  high, 
4  miles  south-south-east  of  Culter  village, 

^CULTOQUHEY,  seat  in  Crieff  parish, 
Perthshire. 

CULTS,  parish,  averagely  3|  miles  south- 
west of  Cupar,  Fife.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Pitleasie,  Crossgates,  Cults 
Mill,  Hospital  Mill,  and  Walton,  and 
comprises  2924  acres.  Beal  property  in 
1880-81,  £6438.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  704  ; 
quoad  sacra,  640.  The  land  is  hilly  to- 
ward the  south  and  east,  declines  thence 
or  is  flat  toward  the  north,  and  is  bounded 
there  by  the  river  Eden.  Crawford  Priory, 
a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Glasgow,  is  a  promi- 
nent feature.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian ;  and  the 
public  school  has  accommodation  for  150 
scholars. 

CULTS,  estate  in  Kinnethmont  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen. 

CULZEAN.    See  Colzean. 

CUMBERNAULD,  town  and  parish  in 
detached  district  of  Dumbartonshire.  The 
town  stands  13  miles  north-west  of  Glas- 
gow, is  adjoined  by  the  pleasure-grounds 
of  Cumbernauld  House,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Glasgow,  a  railway  station,  a 
large  inn,  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  299  scholars.  Pop.  1064. — 
The  parish  contains  also  the  village  of 
Condorrat  and  the  hamlet  of  Croy.  Its 
length  is  about  8  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  4  miles;  its  area  11,635 


acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £25,190. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  4270;  quoad  sacra, 
inclusive  of  81  in  Falkirk  parish,  4351. 
The  surface  is  mostly  a  fine  diver- 
sity of  small  hills  and  fertile  dales,  but 
includes  Fannyside  Moor.  Coal,  lime, 
ironstone,  and  sandstone  are  extensively 
worked.  Cumbernauld  House  is  a  chief 
feature,  but  was  almost  destroyed  by  fire 
in  1877.  The  antiquities  are  traces  of 
Antoninus'  Wall  and  vestiges  of  a  Bom  an 
road.  An  Established  church  is  at  Con- 
dorrat. There  are  3  schools  for  767 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  520  are  new. 
Cumbernauld  station  is  on  the  Caledonian 
railway,  and  has  also  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow. 

CUMBRAY,  parish,  consisting  of  Great 
Cumbray  Island,  in  Buteshire.  The  island 
is  separated  from  Ayrshire  by  a  sound 
1^  mile  wide  ;  commences  opposite  Largs  ; 
measures  3J  miles  in  length  southwards, 
with  a  breadth  of  about  2  miles  ;  comprises 
2841  acres ;  has  a  low  fiat  beach,  steep 
banks,  and  a  hilly  interior,  with  extreme 
altitude  of  about  450  feet  above  sea-level ; 
and  contains  on  its  south  end  the  town 
of  Millport.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£15,947.  Bop.  1856,  Established,  Free, 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  a 
Baptist  chapel,  and  a  cathedrine  Episco- 
pal church  are  in  Millport.  There  are 
2  schools  for  389  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
for  325  is  new. 

CUMBRAY  (LITTLE),  island  in  West 
Kilbride  parish,  but  within  Buteshire. 
It  lies  fully  a  mile  south-west  of  Great 
Cumbray  ;  is  about  a  mile  long  and 
mile  broad ;  rises  to  a  height  of  420  feet 
above  sea-level ;  had  anciently  a  Culdee 
cell,  succeeded  by  a  Bomish  chapel ;  and 
has  now  a  lighthouse  of  1826,  a  disused 
previous  lighthouse,  and  a  ruined  ancient 
watch  tower.    Pop.  23. 

CUMBRIA,  ancient  kingdom,  compre- 
hending Strathclyde,  Ayrshire,  and  Gal- 
loway, and  extending  over  the  greater  part 
of  Cumberland.  It  was  formed  about  508 
by  the  Bomanized  Caledonians,  and  be- 
came part  of  the  Scottish  kingdom  in  the 
latter  part  of  10th  century.  It  gave  origin 
to  the  names  Cumbray  and  Cumberland  ; 
but  is  often  called  by  historians  Strath  cluyd 
or  Strathclyde. 

CUMHILL,  mountain  in  Coigach  district, 
Cromartyshire. 

CUMINESTONE,  village,  6  miles  north- 
west of  New  Deer,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  depart- 
ment, under  Turriff,  and  an  Episcopalian 
chapel.    Bop.  525. 

CUMLODDEN,  quoad  sacra  parish  on 
north-west  side  of  upper  part  of  Loch 
Fyne,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  church  with 
309  sittings,  and  a  public  school.  Pop. 
890. 

CUMLODEN,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Gal- 
loway, in  Minnigaff  parish,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

CUMMERTREES,  village  and  parish  in 


CUM 


116 


CUP 


Annandale  district,  Dumfriesshire.  The 
village  stands  3J  miles  west  of  Annan,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Annan,  a  railway- 
station,  a  parochial  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  100  scholars. — The  par- 
ish contains  also  the  villages  of  Powfoot 
and  Kelhead.  Its  length  is  5  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  4  miles ;  its  area  9466 
acres.  Keal  property  in  1880-81,  £9107. 
Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  1094  ;  quoad  sacra, 
1068.  The  surface  includes  a  ridge 
nearly  200  feet  high,  but  otherwise  is  a 
gently  inclined  plain  bounded  by  Solway 
Firth,  and  has  a  flat  sandy  shore.  Hoddam 
Castle,  the  Tower  of  Repentance,  and  the 
Marquis  of  Queensberry's  seat  of  Kin- 
mount  are  chief  objects  ;  and  the  shore  is 
part  of  the  scene  of  Sir  "Walter  Scott's 
Redgauntlet.  There  are  4  schools  for 
332  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  190  is  new. 

CUMMING,  or  PORT-CUMMING,  village 
in  Duff  us  parish,  Elginshire.    Pop.  244. 

CUMMIN'S  CAMP,  remains  of  notable 
ancient  fortification  on  Barra  Hill,  in 
Bourtie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

CUMNOCK,  town,  16  miles  south-east  of 
Kilmarnock,  Ayrshire.  It  stands  at  con- 
fluence of  Glasnock  and  Lugar  waters ; 
includes  a  central  square  and  3  principal 
streets ;  is  near  a  magnificent  railway 
viaduct  across  the  Lugar  ;  and  has  a  head, 
post  office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  a  railway  station,  3  banking 
offices,  3  chief  inns,  Established,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  Congregational,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  public  school 
of  1876  for  600  scholars,  and  2  other  schools. 
Pop.  3345. 

CUMNOCK  (NEW),  village  and  parish  in 
Kyle  district,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands 
adjacent  to  confluence  of  the  Afton  and  the 
Nith,  5|  miles  south -south-east  of  Cum- 
nock, and  has  a  post  office  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Ayrshire,  a  railway  station,  a  banking  office, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  203  scholars.— The  parish 
contains  also  Af  ton-Bridgend ,  Castle  Conn  el 
Park,  Craigbank,  and  Pathhead  villages.  Its 
length  is  12  miles  ;  its  breadth  fully  8 
miles  ;  its  area  48,096  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £36,832.  Pop.  3781.  Most 
of  the  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  southern 
district  is  mountainous,  and  includes 
Black  Craig,  2298  feet  high,  and  part  of 
Black  Larg,  2231  feet  high.  Coal  and 
limestone  abound,  and  are  extensively 
worked.  A  Free  church  is  at  Afton. 
There  are  3  schools  for  731  scholars,  and 
2  of  them  for  610  are  new. 

CUMNOCK  (OLD),  parish,  containing 
most  of  Cumnock  and  small  part  of  Lugar 
towns,  in  Ayrshire.  Its  length  is  about  10 
miles ;  its  mean  breadth  about  2  miles ; 
its  area  14,140  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £26,987.  Pop.  4861.  The  sur- 
face is  partly  flat  and  well  cultivated, 
partly  hilly  and  either  heathy  or  mostly 
verdant.  Coal  and  lime  are  extensively 
worked;  and  bluish  marble  and  black- 


band  ironstone  are  found.  Chief  re- 
sidences are  Dumfries  House,  Garrallan, 
Logan,  and  Glasnock,  the  first  a  seat  of 
the  Marquis  of  Bute  ;  and  chief  antiquities 
are  ruins  of  Terringzean  Castle  and  traces 
of  Boreland  Castle.  The  churches  are  in 
Cumnock.  There  are  4  schools  for  785 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  700  are  new. 

CUMRUE,  quondam  hamlet  and  small 
lake  in  Kirkmichael  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

CUNIACK.    See  Quinag. 

GUNNER,  hill,  with  fine  view,  on  west 
border  of  Carnbee  parish,  Fife. 

CUNNIGAR,  artificial  mound,  on  which 
persons  accused  of  witchcraft  were  burnt, 
near  Mid-Calder  village,  Edinburghshire. 

CUNNINGHAM,  northern  district  of 
Ayrshire.  It  is  bounded  on  the  south  by 
the  river  Irvine,  and  it  measures  about  25 
miles  by  13. 

CUNNINGHAMHEAD,  railway  station 
and  seat,  4  miles  west-north-west  of  Kil- 
marnock, Ayrshire. 

CUNNINGHAR,  hill,  with  remains  of 
ancient  Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Tilli- 
coultry parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

CUNNINGSBURGH,  old  parish,  now  part 
of  Dunrossness,  in  Shetland.  It  lies  north 
of  Dunrossness-Proper,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Lerwick. 

CUPAR,  town  and  parish  in  east  centre 
of  Fife.  The  town  stands  on  the  river 
Eden,  33f  miles  north-north-east  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  dates  from  ancient  times,  but  pre- 
sents a  modern  appearance ;  had  once  a 
strong  castle,  which  figured  in  the  wars  of 
the  Succession,  and  was  visited  by  several 
of  the  Scottish  kings ;  ranks  now  as  the 
capital  of  Fife,  and  as  a  burgh  uniting 
with  6  other  Fife  burghs  in  sending  a 
member  to  Parliament ;  presents  from  the 
exterior  a  pleasant  appearance,  amid  beau- 
tiful environs  studded  with  mansions ; 
comprises  3  principal  streets,  several  minor 
thoroughfares,  and  some  suburbs  ;  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
railway  station,  6  banking  offices,  3  hotels, 
county  buildings,  a  town  hall,  a  corn 
exchange,  new  waterworks,  opened  in 
December  1876,  a  large  modern  Established 
church,  with  elegant  ancient  spire,  a  Free 
church  of  1878,  erected  at  a  cost  of  nearly 
£10,000,  2  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
a  Baptist  chapel,  a  handsome  Episcopalian 
church  on  or  near  the  site  of  an  ancient 
Dominican  monastery,  a  Madras  academy, 
a  large  public  library,  and  a  museum  ;  and 
publishes  4  weekly  newspapers.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £20,698.  Pop.  5010. 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  village  of 
Springfield  and  the  Glaidney  section  of 
Ceres.  Its  length  is  4^  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  3f  miles ;  its  area  5736  acres. 
Real  property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£15,407.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  7404 ;  quoad 
sacra,  6088.  The  surface  is  intersected 
by  the  Eden,  and  beautifully  diversified 
with  rising  grounds.  Chief  seats  are  Kil- 
maron,  Tarbit,  Springfield,  Dalzell,  Hil- 


CUP 


117 


CYR 


ton,  Cairnie,  Pitblado,  Prestonhall,  Fox- 
ton,  Balas,  Ferrybank,  Bellfield,  Blalowne, 
and  "Westfield.  A  new  sch ool  for  50  scholars 
stands  beyond  the  burgh. 

CUPAR- ANGUS.    See  Coupab- Angus. 

CUPAR-GRANGE,  estate  about  2  miles 
north  of  Coupar  -  Angus,  Perthshire.  It 
contains  the  site  of  a  quondam  consider- 
able village,  and  was  found,  some  time  in 
last  century,  to  contain  two  peculiar  ancient 
Caledonian  circles. 

CUPPASETTER,  place,  with  brough,  on 
south-west  corner  of  Yell  Island,  Shetland. 

CUR,  rivulet,  running  about  10  miles 
to  head  of  Loch  Eck,  in  Cowal  district, 
Argyleshire. 

CURGIE,  small  port  on  west  side  of 
Luce  Bay,  Wigtonsnire. 

CURLEE,  hill  in  Innerleithen  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

CURLINGHALL,  place  in  Largs  parish, 
Ayrshire.  It  has  a  sculptured  stone  com- 
memorative of  the  battle  of  Largs,  fought 
in  1263. 

CURR,  hill  in  More-battle  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

CURRIE,  village  and  parish  in  Edin- 
burghshire. The  village  stands  on  the 
"Water  of  Leith,  6  miles  south-west  of 
Edinburgh,  and  has  a  post  office  with  all 
departments  under  Edinburgh,  a  railway 
station,  a  parochial  church  with  about  800 
sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
108  scholars.  Pop.  about  300.— The  parish 
contains  also  Balerno  and  Hermiston 
villages.  Its  length  is  8  miles ;  its 
breadth  A\  miles ;  its  area  11,103  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £32,091.  Pop. 
2390.  The  surface  includes  a  portion  of 
the  Pentlands,  with  maximum  altitude  of 
about  850  feet,  and  descends  thence  through 
great  irregularities  to  an  extensive  plain. 
The  chief  seats  are  Riccarton,  Baberton, 
and  Malleny ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
Lennox  and  Curriehill  Castles,  and  re- 
mains of  two  Roman  stations.  A  United 
Presbyterian  church  is  at  Balerno,  and 
4  schools,  with  accommodation  for  471 
scholars,  are  within  the  parish. 

CURRIEHILL,  railway  station  and  old 
castle,      miles  south-west  of  Edinburgh. 

CURRYSIDE,  coal-field  in  Shotts  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

CUSHIEVILLE.    See  Cosheville. 

CUSHLETTER,  place,  10  miles  north-west 
of  Portree,  Isle  of  Skye. 

CUSHNIE,  old  parish,  now  united  to 
Leochel,  in  Aberdeenshire.  It  contains  a 
hill  of  its  own  name,  1883  feet  high,  and 
has  a  public  school  with  about  118 
scholars. 

CUTHBERT'S  (ST.),  parish,  partly  urban 
and  partly  landward,  in  Edinburghshire. 
It  includes  much  of  Edinburgh,  and  ex- 
tends from  Braid  Hills  to  Trinity,  and 
from  Queen's  Park  to  within  a  mile  of 
Corstorphine  village.  Its  length  is  5 
miles  ;  its  breadth  3f  miles.  It  contains 
all  parts  of  the  Old  Town  of  Edinburgh 
beyond  the  ancient  royalty  and  Canon- 


gate  ;  all  parts  of  the  New  Town  outside 
the  city  parishes  of  St.  George,  St.  Stephen, 
St.  Andrew,  St.  Mary,  and  Green  side ;  the 
suburb  of  Roseburn ;  part  of  the  parlia- 
mentary burgh  of  Leith  ;  parts  of  Wardie, 
Granton,  Echobank,  and  Slateford  villages ; 
and  all Coltbridge,Murrayfield,and  Comely- 
Bank  semi-suburbs.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
157,743  ;  quoad  sacra,  11,967.  The  urban 
section  comprises  every  variety  of  Edin- 
burgh thoroughfare,  both  ancient  and 
modern ;  and  the  landward  section  abounds 
in  the  rich  diversities  and  beauties  of  the 
city's  environs.  The  parochial  church 
stands  in  a  cemetery,  with  many  famous 
monuments,  between  West  Princes  Street 
Gardens  and  Lothian  Road ;  occupies  the 
site  of  successively  a  Culdee  cell  and  an 
ancient  cruciform  church ;  was  erected  in 
1775  at  a  cost  of  £4231,  but  afterwards 
acquired  a  steeple  on  its  front,  and  con- 
tains about  3000  sittings.  The  Culdee  cell 
was  founded  about  the  end  of  7 th  century, 
and  took  name  from  the  celebrated  mis- 
sionary Cuthbert ;  and  the  subsequent 
church  was  large,  had  a  massive  tower, 
and  figured  greatly  in  the  Romish  times 
for  wealth  and  influence.  Ten  quoad 
sacra  parish  churches,  5  chapels-of-ease, 
and  numerous  churches  of  nearly  all  de- 
nominations, are  within  the  parish.  Ten 
of  the  city's  public  schools  also  are  within 
it,  and  2  others  are  at  respectively  Colt- 
bridge  and  Gorgie.  The  workhouse  for 
St.  Cuthbert's  and  Canongate  stands  off 
Queensferry  Road,  about  2  miles  west- 
south-west  of  west  end  of  Princes  Street ; 
was  erected  about  1866-67  at  a  cost  of 
about  £40,000 ;  underwent  extension  in 
1880  at  a  further  cost  of  nearly  £10,000 ; 
and,  for  a  structure  of  its  class,  is  remark- 
able for  fineness  of  both  situation  and 
feature. 

CUTHILL,  suburb  of  Prestonpans,  Had- 
dingtonshire.   Pop.  529. 

CUTTYFIELD,  village  in  Larbert  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

CYRUS  (ST.),  village  and  parish  on 
southern  border  of  Kincardineshire.  The 
village  stands  on  an  eminence  near  the 
coast,  5|-  miles  north  of  Montrose,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Montrose,  a  railway 
station,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  172  scholars. 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  hamlets  of 
Roadside,  Burnside,  Lochside,  Whitehill, 
Milton,  and  Tangle-ha'.  Its  length  is  5 
miles  ;  its  breadth  3£  miles  ;  its  area  8249 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £18,258. 
Pop.  1487.  About  one-half  of  the  boun- 
dary is  formed  by  North  Esk  river  and  the 
sea.  The  coast  is  partly  flat  beach  and 
partly  three  low  rocky  promontories,  but 
mostly  steep  escarpment  from  50  to  nearly 
300  feet  high  ;  and  the  interior  consists  of 
hills  from  450  to  630  feet  high,  and  deep 
intersecting  vales  and  ravines.  The  chief 
seats  are  Lauriston,  Mount  Cyrus,  Kirkside, 
and  Bridgeton ;  and  the  chief  antiquities 
are  an  ancient  obelisk,  vestiges  of  a  sea- 


DAA 


118 


DAL 


girt  fortalice,  and  remains  of  Lauriston 
Castle. 


DAAL.    See  Loch-in-Daal. 

DAAN,  rivnlet  in  Ecldertoun  parish, 
Ross-shire.  Two  low  tracts  contiguous  to 
it  are  named  Meikle  Daal  and  Little 
Daal. 

DAER,  longest  head-stream  of  the  Clyde. 
It  rises  on  Queensberry  Hill,  and  runs 
about  10  miles  northward  to  the  Little 
Clyde,  near  Elvanfoot ;  and  it  gives  the 
peerage  title  of  baron  to  the  Earl  of 
Selkirk. 

DAIGLEN,  burn  in  Tillicoultry  parish, 
Clackmannanshire. 

DAIL,  seat  in  Craignish  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

DAILLY,  village  and  parish  in  Carrick 
district,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands  on 
Girvan  river,  5^  miles  north-east  of  Girvan, 
presents  a  neat  appearance,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Maybole,  a  railway 
station,  an  inn,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
125  scholars.  Pop.  696. — The  parish  is 
nearly  7  miles  long,  and  from  4  to  6  miles 
broad,  but  includes  also  Ailsa-Craig,  and 
comprises  17,962  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £19,078.  Pop.  2226.  The  sur- 
face is  traversed  from  end  to  end  by 
Girvan  river,  and  consists  partly  of  fertile 
valley  and  partly  of  considerably  high 
flanking  hills.  Coal  and  limestone  are 
worked.  The  seats  are  Bargany,  Kil- 
kerran,  Dalquharran,  Penkill,  and  Kil- 
lochan ;  and  the  antiquities  are  an  oval 
camp,  vestiges  of  an  ancient  church,  and 
ruins  of  Kilkerran  and  Penkill  Castles. 
A  new  parochial  church,  in  lieu  of  the  old 
one,  was  projected  in  September  1881. 
There  are  6  schools  for  596  scholars,  and 
1  of  them  for  75  is  new. 

DAILNANCEANN,  battlefield  between 
the  Danes  and  the  natives,  with  2  cairns, 
in  Craignish  parish,  Argyleshire. 

DAIRSIE,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
east of  Fife.  The  village  stands  3J  miles 
east-north-east  of  Cupar,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph  de- 
partments, under  Cupar,  a  railway  station, 
a  fine  old  Gothic  parochial  church,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  152 
scholars. — The  parish  is  miles  long  and 
2-j-  miles  broad,  and  comprises  2555  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6522.  Pop. 
693.  The  surface  is  mostly  an  inclined 
plain,  but  includes  two  hills,  cultivated 
nearly  to  their  summits,  and  commanding 
extensive  views.  The  seats  are  Craigfoodie, 
Pitormie,  Newmill,  and  Dairsie  Cottage ; 
and  the  chief  antiquity  is  the  roofless  ruin 
of  Dairsie  Castle,  said  to  have  been  the 
place  where  Archbishop  Spo  ttiswood  wrote 
his  Church  History. 

DAL,  salmon  stream  entering  Balnakiel 
Bay,  in  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

DALARNAN,  place  within  Campbelton 


burgh,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  167  scholars. 

DALAROSSIE,  old  parish,  now  united  to 
Moy,  in  Inverness-shire. 

DALARRAN,  supposed  battlefield,  with 
huge  standing  -  stone,  in  Balmaclellan 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

DALAVICH,  ancient  parish,  now  united 
to  Kilchrenan,  Argyleshire.  It  contains 
Loch  Avich,  and  has  a  public  school. 

DALAWOODIE,  seat  near  Holywood, 
Dumfriesshire. 

DALBEATTIE,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  town 
stands  on  a  burn  of  its  own  name,  near 
Urr  river,  5J  miles  east-south-east  of 
Castle-Douglas  ;  was  founded  in  1780,  and 
advanced  rapidly  to  prosperity ;  is  built  of 
lively-coloured  granite,  and  exports  quan- 
tities of  that  stone ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  money  order  and  telegraph  de- 
partments, a  railway  station,  a  banking 
office,  2  chief  inns,  a  small  harbour, 
various  manufacturing  establishments,  a 
town  hall,  an  Established  church  of  1880, 
a  Free  church  founded  in  1881,  United 
Presbyterian,  Evangelical  Union,  Episco- 
palian, and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a 
Mechanics'  Institute,  and  3  public  schools 
with  about  518  scholars.  Dalbeattie  Loch, 
about  1^  mile  from  the  town,  has  great 
store  of  darkish-coloured  trout.  Pop.  of 
the  town,  3854  ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish, 
4140. 

DALBETH,  seat  and  Roman  Catholic 
convent  on  the  Clyde,  in  eastern  environs 
of  Glasgow. 

DALBLAIR,  place  in  glen  between  Ward- 
law  Hill  and  Cairntable,  Ayrshire. 

DALBOG,  place,  with  remnant  of  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Edzell  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

DALCHALLIE,  glen  in  Glenisla  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

D ALCHONZIE,  se at  on  the  Earn  in  Comrie 
parish,  Perthshire. 

DALCHOSNIE,  seat,  and  scene  of  a 
victory  of  King  Robert  Bruce  over  the 
English,  in  Fortingal  parish,  Perthshire. 

DALCHREICHARD,  place  in  Urquhart 
parish,  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  45  scholars. 

DALCROSS,  old  parish,  now  united  to 
Croy,  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  railway 
station,  an  estate,  and  a  decayed  castle  of 
its  own  name  ;  and  its  castle  was  built  in 
1620  by  the  eighth  Lord  Lovat,  and  sold  in 
1702  to  the  head  branch  of  the  Mackintosh 
family. 

DALCRUIVE,  place,  with  handsome 
modern  bridge,  on  the  Almond,  in  Red- 
gorton  parish,  Perthshire. 

DALDAWN,  seat  in  Kelton  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

DALGAIN,  estate  in  Sorn  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. The  parish  itself  was  formerly  called 
Dalgain. 

DALGAIRN,  seat  near  Cupar,  Fife. 
DALGARNO,  old  parish,  now  united  to 
Closeburn,  Dumfriesshire. 


DAL 


119 


DAL 


DALGARVEN,  village  on  Garnock  river, 
in  Kilwinning  parish,  Ayrshire. 

DALGETTY,  parish,  containing  the  vil- 
lages of  St.  David's  and  Fordel  Square, 
and  part  of  the  post  town  of  Crossgates,  on 
south-west  coast  of  Fife.  Its  length  north- 
ward is  fully  5  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
about  1^  mile  ;  its  area  3340  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £7602.  Pop.  1321. 
The  coast  lies  immediately  east  of  Inver- 
keithing  Bay,  and  presents  a  beautiful 
appearance.  The  interior  ascends  gradually 
to  the  north,  and  attains  a  maximum 
altitude  of  about  436  feet.  Coal  is  exten- 
sively mined  and  exported.  The  seats  are 
Donibristle,  Fordel,  and  Cockairney.  The 
parochial  church  is  a  handsome  modern 
edifice,  with  about  500  sittings ;  and  a 
quoad  sacra  parish  church  is  at  Mossgreen. 
There  are  2  public  schools  for  336  scholars, 
and  1  of  them  and  a  class-room  for  250  are 
new. 

DALGINCH,  quondam  castle,  said  to 
have  belonged  to  Macduff,  on  site  of 
Barnslee  House,  near  Markinch,  Fife. 

DALGINROSS,  suburb  of  Comrie,  Perth- 
shire. 

DALGUISE,  village  on  the  Tay,  4J  miles 
north-north-west  of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Dunkeld,  a  rail- 
way station,  and  a  Free  church,  and  is 
near  a  long  handsome  railway  viaduct 
across  the  Tay.  Dalguise  House,  in  its 
vicinity,  is  partly  ancient,  partly  modern, 
and  was  long  the  residence  of  Fox  Maule, 
who  became  Earl  of  Dalhousie. 

DALHALAVAIG,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Reay  parish,  Caithness. 

DALHARROLD,  place,  with  ancient 
standing-stone,  in  Strathnaver,  Sutherland. 

DALHOUSIE,  railway  station  and  noble 
mansion  in  Cockpen  parish,  Edinburgh- 
shire. The  station  is  9  miles  south-east 
of  Edinburgh.  The  mansion,  Dalhousie 
Castle,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Dalhousie, 
stands  on  the  South  Esk,  about  a  mile 
south  of  the  station,  was  originally  a  strong 
fortalice  of  the  12th  century,  and  presents 
now  an  elegant  modern  appearance. 

DALIBURGH,  place  in  south-west  of 
South  Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Lochmaddy. 

DALINTOBER,  suburb  of  Campbelton, 
Argyleshire. 

DALJARROCH,  hamlet  and  seat  on 
Stinchar  river,  Carrick,  Ayrshire.  The 
hamlet  lies  4  miles  north-east  of  Colmonell, 
and  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Ayrshire. 

DALKEITH,  town,  ducal  mansion,  and 
parish,  in  east  of  Edinburghshire.  The 
town  stands  on  a  gently  swelling  peninsula 
between  the  North  Esk  and  the  South 
Esk,  6  miles  by  road,  but  8  by  railway, 
south-east  of  Edinburgh  ;  has  been  a 
market  town  from  unrecorded  ancient 
times ;  comprises  a  main  street  about 
two  -  thirds  of  a  mile  long,  partly  very 
spacious,  extending  parallel  to  the  rivers ; 
includes  a  handsome  new  suburb  adjacent 
to  Eskbank  railway  station ;  and  has  a 


head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
railway  station  at  terminus  of  short 
branch  railway  to  its  centre,  4  banking 
offices,  5  hotels,  a  covered  corn  market 
of  1855,  an  elegant  Foresters'  hall  of  1877, 
the  nave  and  ruined  choir  of  a  church 
of  1384,  a  conspicuous  steepled  church  of 
1844,  a  Free  church,  3  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  Congregational,  Evangelical 
Union,  and  Wesleyan  chapels,  Episco- 
palian and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and 
4  public  schools  with  aggregately  about  785 
scholars.  Pop.  6931. — The  ducal  man- 
sion, Dalkeith  Palace,  is  the  chief  seat  of 
the  Duke  of  Buccleuch ;  has  a  grandly 
wooded  park  of  more  than  1000  acres,  ex- 
tending along  the  Esks  from  lower  end  of 
the  town ;  occupies  the  site  of  an  ancient 
castle,  captured  by  the  English  in  the  time 
of  Edward  in.  ;  stands  on  a  steep  rock 
adjacent  to  the  North  Esk,  in  upper  part 
of  the  park ;  was  built  about  commence- 
ment of  last  century,  and  visited  by  George 
IV.  and  Queen  Victoria  ;  and  is  a  large 
Grecian  structure,  with  recessed  centre  and 
projecting  wings. — The  parish  contains 
also  the  village  of  Lugton  and  greater  part 
of  Whitehill.  Its  length  is  3|  miles;  its 
greatest  breadth  less  than  2  miles  ;  its 
area  2344  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£36,889.  Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  7707 ;  quoad 
sacra,  3973.  The  surface,  except  in  dells 
along  the  Esks,  is  mostly  a  plain,  rising 
gently  to  the  south-east;  and,  excepting 
edificed  parts,  thoroughfares,  and  the  ducal 
park,  is  all  disposed  in  fields  and  gardens. 
The  rocks  are  carboniferous,  and  include 
rich  seams  of  coal  and  limestone. 

DALKEITH  (WEST),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  church  in  Dalkeith  town,  Edinburgh- 
shire.   Pop.  3734. 

DALKS,  hill  on  border  of  Coldingham 
Moor,  Berwickshire. 

DALL,  seat  on  south  side  of  Loch  Ran- 
noch,  Perthshire. 

DALLACHY,  divided  estate  in  Bellie 
parish,  Elginshire. 

DALLAS,  village  and  parish  in  centre  of 
Elginshire.  The  village  stands  9  miles 
south-east  of  Forres,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Forres.  Pop.  212.  The  parish  com- 
prises a  main  body  and  a  detached  district, 
measures  about  12  miles  by  9,  and  com- 
prises 22,903  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £5543.  Pop.  915.  The  river 
Lossie,  issuing  from  a  small  lake  at  south- 
western extremity,  cuts  the  parish  length- 
wise into  nearly  equal  parts,  and  receives 
several  burns  in  its  progress.  The  land 
consists  of  a  strath  on  that  river,  some 
vales  on  the  burns,  and  a  number  of 
flanking  or  bordering  hills.  Dallas  Lodge 
is  a  chief  residence ;  and  the  ruin  of  Tor 
Castle  is  a  chief  antiquity.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  There  are  2 
schools  for  190  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for 
100  is  new. 

DALLAVAIRD,  place,  with  blue  slate 
quarry,  in  Glenbervie  parish,  Kincardine- 
shire. 


DAL 


120 


DAL 


DALMAHOY,  noble  mansion  and  craggy- 
hill  in  Ratho  parish,  Edinburghshire.  The 
mansion  stands  near  Caledonian  Railway, 
1\  miles  north-east  of  Kirknewton,  is  a 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Morton,  and  has  an 
Episcopalian  chapel  and  a  very  fine  park. 
The  hill  is  680  feet  high,  presents  a  pre- 
cipitous front  to  the  west,  and  figures 
prominently  in  a  great  extent  of  land- 
scape. 

DALMALLY,  village  on  Orchy  river,  3 
miles  from  Loch  Awe,  and  16  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Inverary,  Argyleshire.  It 
has  picturesque  environs ;  is  a  resort  of 
anglers,  a  centre  for  tourists,  and  a  good 
starting-point  for  ascending  Bencruachan  ; 
and  has  a  head  post  office  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  a  railway 
station,  a  hotel,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
90  scholars. 

DALMARNOCK,  suburban  locality,  on 
the  Clyde,  in  south-eastern  outskirts  of 
Glasgow.  It  has  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  of  1881. 

DALMARNOCK,  village,  Z\  miles  north- 
by-west  of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire. 

DALMELLINGTON,  town  and  parish  in 
Kyle  district,  Ayrshire.  The  town  stands 
near  the  Doon,  15  miles  south-east  of  Ayr ; 
dates  from  11th  century,  but  rose  into 
modern  importance  as  a  centre  of  mineral 
traffic  ;  and  has  a  post  office  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Ayrshire,  a  terminal  railway  sta- 
tion, a  banking  office,  waterworks  of  1876, 
a  towered  Saxon  parochial  church  of  1846, 
Free,  Evangelical  Union,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  200  scholars.  Pop.  1437.— The  parish 
contains  also  the  towns  of  Burnfoothill  and 
Waterside,  the  village  of  Craigmark,  and 
part  of  the  village  of  Patna.  Its  length 
is  nearly  9  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about 
4|  miles  ;  its  area  17,783  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1879-80,  £20,446.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  6383  ;  quoad  sacra,  6170.  Doon 
lake  and  river  form  the  boundary  with 
Carrick.  The  ground  traversed  by  the 
river,  for  about  a  mile  from  the  lake,  is  a 
ravine  so  very  deep  and  narrow  as  to 
appear  like  a  rent  torn  through  a  lofty 
hill-ridge  by  a  vertical  earthquake.  A 
tract  adjacent  to  the  river,  for  about  3 
miles  farther  on,  is  a  plain  or  very  slight 
slope,  beginning  and  ending  with  a  mere 
point,  measuring  about  a  mile  in  breadth 
at  its  middle,  and  shaped  altogether  in 
nearly  the  form  of  a  crescent.  The  rest  of 
the  surface,  away  to  the  eastern  bound- 
aries, is  a  series  of  hill-ridges  and  mountains 
with  intervening  glens  and  gorges ;  and  the 
front  ridge  terminates,  to  the  north-east  of 
the  town,  in  a  basaltic  colonnade  about  300 
feet  high  and  600  feet  long.  Coal,  lime- 
stone, and  ironstone  are  plentiful ;  and 
extensive  ironworks,  commenced  in  1847, 
give  employment  to  a  large  proportion  of  the 
inhabitants.  The  chief  seat  is  Berbeth ; 
and    chief  antiquities  are  traces  of  a 


Roman  road,  the  moated  site  of  an  ancient 
castle,  and  spots  associated  with  affecting 
scenes  in  the  persecutions  of  the  Cove- 
nanters. Established  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches  are  at  Patna.  There  are 
4  schools  for  1297  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
for  300  is  new. 

DALMENY,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
east of  Linlithgowshire.  The  village  stands 
about  f  mile  from  the  Forth,  and  12  miles 
west-north-west  of  Edinburgh,  is  a  small 
place,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Edin- 
burgh, a  railway  station,  a  richly-sculp- 
tured ancient  Norman  parochial  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  137  scholars. 
— The  parish  contains  also  part  of  Queens- 
ferry  town,  surrounds  Queensferry  parish, 
and  consists  of  a  main  body  and  a  detached 
district.  The  main  body  is  5j  miles  long, 
and  nearly  3  miles  broad ;  the  detached 
district  lies  about  a  mile  from  it  to  the 
west  of  Winchburgh,  and  measures  about 
If  mile  by  7  furlongs ;  and  the  whole 
comprises  5985  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £17,273.  Pop.  1660.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  undulating,  includes  3  emi- 
nences averagely  about  380  feet  high,  and 
exhibits  uncommon  beauty  of  both  natural 
and  artificial  feature.  Dalmeny  Park,  the 
chief  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Rosebery,  has  a 
splendid  mansion  and  exquisite  grounds, 
and  was  visited  by  Queen  Victoria.  Dun- 
das  Castle  and  Craigie  Hall  also  are  in- 
teresting seats,  and  Barnbougle  Castle  is 
a  palatial  structure  of  1880-81,  with  small 
remnant  of  ancient,  picturesque  ruin. 

DALMIGAVIE,  estate  with  romantic  dell, 
in  Moy  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

DALMONACH,  place,  with  print-fields, 
near  Bonhill,  Dumbartonshire. 

DALMONY,  valley  in  Urquhart  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

DALMORE,  place  in  Alva  parish,  Stir- 
lingshire. It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  155  scholars. 

DALMORE,  harbour  in  Rosskeen  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

DALMUIR,  village,  6J  miles  east-south- 
east of  Dumbarton.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Glasgow,  a  railway  station,  exten- 
sive paper-works,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  75  scholars.    Pop.  936. 

DALMUIR-SHORE,  quondam  village  on 
the  Clyde,  \  mile  from  Dalmuir,  Dumbar- 
tonshire. It  had  an  unsightly  appearance, 
and  was  destroyed  about  1860. 

DALMULLIN,  place,  with  site  of  ancient 
monastery,  in  St.  Quivox  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

DALNACARDOCH,  place,  11  miles  west- 
north- west  of  Blair- Athole,  Perthshire.  It 
had  long  a  well-known  inn,  important  to 
travellers  through  the  Grampians  on  the 
road  from  Perth  to  Inverness  ;  and  it  still 
commands  a  road  southward  from  it  to 
Tummel-Bridge. 

DALNASPIDAL,  railway  station,  2  miles 
south  of  watershed  of  Central  Grampians, 
and  about  5  miles  north-west  of  Dalnacar- 
doch,  Perthshire. 


DAL 


121 


DAL 


DALNAVERT,  estate  in  Alvie  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

D ALNESS,  romantic  cascade  on  Etive 
river,  about  5  miles  from  Loch  Etive, 
Argyleshire. 

DALNOTTER,  hill,  with  splendid  view, 
near  Old  Kilpatrick  village,  Dumbarton- 
shire. 

DALNOWHINNIE,  hamlet  on  the  Dee, 
1%  mile  west  of  Aboyne,  Aberdeenshire. 

DALPERSIE,  estate  in  Tullynessle  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

DALQUHARRAN,  seat  in  Dailly  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

DALQUHURN,  estate  in  Cardross  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

DALREAGLE,  estate  in  Kirkinner  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

DALREE.    See  Dalrt. 

DALREOCH,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
railway  station,  a  short  distance  north  of 
Dumbarton.    Pop.  3634. 

DALREOCH,  place,  with  United  Presby- 
terian church,  in  Dunning  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

DALRIADA,  ancient  principality  in 
Western  Highlands,  or  pristine  kingdom 
of  the  Scots.  It  originated  with  immi- 
grants from  a  territory  of  same  name  in 
north  of  Ireland.  They  came  to  Argyle- 
shire about  503,  acquired  ascendency  over 
the  Western  Caledonians,  and  established 
a  monarchy,  with  seat  at  Dunstaffnage. 
Their  king  Kenneth,  who  began  to  reign 
in  836,  became  heir  to  the  crown  of  Pictavia, 
and,  by  uniting  that  to  his  crown  of  Dal- 
riada,  founded  the  kingdom  of  Scotland, 
and  he  removed  his  court  in  843  to 
Forteviot. 

DALRUADHAIN,  ancient  town  of  the 
Dalriads,  on  the  ground  now  occupied  by 
Campbelton,  Argyleshire. 

DALRULZEON,  section  of  Caputh  parish 
surrounded  by  that  of  Kirkmichael,  in 
Perthshire. 

DALRY,  town  and  parish  in  Cunningham 
district,  Ayrshire.  The  town  stands  on 
Garnock  river,  llj  miles  north-west  of 
Kilmarnock  ;  dates  from  beginning  of  17th 
century,  but  was  long  a  mere  hamlet ; 
underwent  great  and  rapid  change  from 
erection  of  extensive  ironworks  about 
1845 ;  is  now  a  great  centre  of  mineral 
traffic,  under  a  blaze  of  blast  furnaces  ; 
comprises  a  central  square,  and  5  principal 
streets ;  includes  also  the  suburb  of  Blair 
or  Blair- Works  ;  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  a  railway  station,  2 
banking  offices,  3  chief  inns,  2  Established 
churches,  Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  large  mission 
hall  of  1877,  and  4  public  schools  with 
aggregately  about  847  scholars.  Pop. 
5010.  —  The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  of  Den,  Drakemuir,  and  Kid- 
dens,  and  parts  of  Glengarnock  and 
Langbar.  Its  length  is  about  10  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  9  miles ;  its  area 
19,284  acres.  Real  property  in  1879-80, 
£45,056.    Pop.  10,215.    The  surface  com- 


prises four  vales,  with  intervening  hills,  and 
rises  in  one  part  to  heights  of  from  634  to 
946  feet  above  sea-level.  A  cavern,  183 
feet  long,  and  from  5  to  12  feet  broad  and 
high,  is  at  Auchenskeigh.  Coal  and  iron- 
stone abound,  and  are  largely  worked. 
An  Established  church  is  at  Kersland 
Barony.  9  schools  for  2070  scholars  are 
in  the  parish,  and  an  enlargement  of  1 
of  them  for  313  is  new. 

DALRY,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
eastern extremity  of  Kirkcudbrightshire. 
The  village  stands  on  Ken  river,  3J  miles 
north  of  New  Galloway ;  is  an  old  place 
pleasantly  modernized ;  was  the  starting- 
point  of  the  Covenanters'  rising  which 
ended  in  the  battle  of  Bullion  Green  ;  and 
has  a  post  office  designated  of  Kirkcud- 
brightshire, an  inn,  an  ancient  moat  with  fine 
view,  Established  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  2  public  schools  with  about 
107  scholars.  Pop.  585.  —  The  parish 
measures  14  miles  in  length,  and  1\  miles 
in  extreme  breadth,  and  comprises  34,535 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £13,303. 
Pop.  988.  The  surface  includes  the  left 
side  of  a  fine  vale  along  the  Ken,  but  is 
elsewhere  upland,  rises  in  the  north  to 
mountainous  altitudes,  and  culminates  on 
the  northern  boundary  in  Black  Larg,  2231 
feet  high.  Lochinvar  lake  in  it  has  re- 
mains of  an  ancient  strong  castle  which 
belonged  to  the  Gordons,  who  became 
Viscounts  Kenmuir ;  and  several  places 
are  associated  with  the  history  of  the  per- 
secuted Covenanters.  Public  schools  are 
at  Corseglass  and  Stroanfreggan. 

DALRY,  western  suburb  of  Edinburgh. 
It  is  all,  with  slight  exception,  quite  re- 
cent ;  it  consists  chiefly  of  numerous  streets 
and  places,  edificed  with  small  or  moder- 
ately-sized houses ;  it  includes  a  transmuted 
old  mansion,  Dairy  House,  formerly  quite 
rural ;  it  adjoins  a  cemetery,  originally 
formed  as  ultra-mural ;  and  it  contains  a 
Free  church,  a  Congregational  church,  and 
a  large  public  school. 

DALRY,  or  DALREE,  place  near  head  of 
Strathfillan,  on  western  border  of  Perth- 
shire. It  was  the  scene,  in  1306,  of  a 
sharp  skirmish  between  King  Robert  Bruce 
and  Macdougall,  Lord  of  Lorn ;  when  the 
famous  trinket  called  the  Brooch  of  Lorn, 
described  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  his  Lord 
of  the  Isles,  is  alleged  to  have  been  lost  by 
Bruce  to  Macdougall. 

DALRYMPLE,  village  and  parish  on 
southern  border  of  Kyle,  Ayrshire.  The 
village  stands  on  the  Doon,  4  miles  south- 
by-east  of  Ayr,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Ayr,  a  railway  station,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  148  scholars.  Pop.  285.  —  The 
parish  is  7  miles  long,  but  comparatively 
narrow,  and  comprises  7833  acres.  Real 
property  in  1879-80,  £15,863.  Pop.  1362. 
The  Doon  traces  all  the  southern  and 
western  boundary,  and  is  flanked  there  by 
alternately  bold  banks  and  fertile  haughs. 
Nearly  all  the  surface  thence  is  undulating 


DAL 


122 


DAM 


or  rolling,  and  abounds  in  knolls  or  mound- 
ish  hills.  Four  lakes,  Martinham,  Kerse, 
Snipe,  and  Lindston,  add  beauty  to  the 
landscape.  The  seats  are  Skeldon  and 
Hollybush  ;  and  the  antiquities  are  the  site 
of  Dalrymple  Castle,  the  line  of  a  Koman 
road,  and  vestiges  of  3  small  Caledonian 
forts. 

DALSCAIRTH,  seat  in  Troqueer  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

DALSERF,  village  and  parish  in  middle 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village  stands 
on  the  Clyde,  7  miles  south-east  of 
Hamilton,  is  now  very  small,  but  was 
once  much  larger,  and  has  a  parochial 
church  with  500  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  339  scholars. — The  parish 
contains  also  the  post  town  of  Larkhall, 
and  the  villages  of  Millheugh  and  Rose- 
bank.  Its  length  is  6^  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  4J  miles ;  its  area  6956  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £31,520.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  9378;  quoad  sacra,  2675. 
The  surface  rises  somewhat  abruptly  from 
the  Clyde  on  the  one  side,  and  the  Avon 
on  the  other,  and  forms  between  them 
a  sort  of  plateau  of  maximum  height 
of  about  400  feet.  Coal  abounds,  and  is 
largely  worked.  Dalserf  House,  Machan, 
Broomhill,  Millheugh,  and  Millburn  are 
chief  residences.  The  parish  was  anciently 
called  Machanshire,  belonged  to  the 
Comyns,  went  to  the  royal  Bruces,  passed 
to  an  ancestor  of  the  Duke  of  Hamilton, 
and  was  divided  among  junior  branches  of 
the  Hamilton  family.  Established,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  Evangelical  Union, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches  are  at  Lark- 
hall.  There  are  2  schools  for  501  scholars, 
and  1  of  them  for  300  is  new. 

DALSETTER,  hamlet  in  Yell  Island, Shet- 
land.   It  has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick. 

DALSHOLM,  or  DAWSHOLM,  village 
adjacent  to  Kelvin  river,  the  Forth  and 
Clyde  Canal,  and  the  Glasgow  and  Helens- 
burgh Railway,  in  New  Kilpatrick  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

DALSWINTON,  village  and  estate  in 
Kirkmahoe  parish,  Dumfriesshire.  The 
village  •  stands  near  the  Nith,  1\  miles 
north-north-west  of  Dumfries,  and.  has  a 
post  office  under  Dumfries,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  71  scholars.  The  estate 
has  a  modern  mansion  on  the  site  of  an 
ancient  castle  of  the  Comyns ;  belonged 
in  the  latter  part  of  last  century  to  Mr. 
Patrick  Miller,  the  projector  of  steam 
navigation  ;  and  contains  a  lake  on  which 
he  launched  the  first  trial  steam-boat. 

DALTON,  village  and  parish  in  Annan- 
dale,  Dumfriesshire.  The  village  stands  6 
miles  north-west  of  Annan,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Lockerby,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
74  scholars.  The  parish  measures  5^  miles 
in  length,  and  from  \\  to  4  miles  in 
breadth,  and  comprises  6886  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £6986.  Pop.  579. 
The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  but  mostly 
flat.    The  seats  are  Dormont  and  Rammer- 


scales  ;  and  the  antiquities  are  the  ruined 
tower  of  Holmains,  and  a  very  distinct 
Caledonian  camp. 

DALTON,  village  in  Cambuslang  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

DALTONHOOK,  estate,  with  vestige  of 
ancient  strong  tower,  in  St.  Mungo  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

DALTULICH,  estate  in  Croy  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

DALVADDY,  hamlet  and  coal-pits  in 
Campbelton  parish,  Argyleshire. 

DALVAULT,  village  in  Bonhill  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

DALVEEN,  pass  in  Lowther  Mountains, 
at  north  border  of  Durrisdeer  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

DALVEY,  modern  seat,  contiguous  to 
site  of  ancient  castle,  in  Dyke  parish, 
Elginshire. 

DALVOURN,  place  in  Daviot  parish, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  60  scholars. 

DALWHAT,  head-stream  of  the  Cairn  in 
Glencairn  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

DALWHINNIE,  place  in  Glentruim, 
among  the  Central  Grampians,  58J  miles 
south  of  Inverness.  It  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Inverness-shire,  a  railway 
station,  and  an  inn. 

DALYELL,  seat  in  Cupar  parish,  Fife. 

DALZXEL,  parish  containing  Craigneuk 
town,  English  Row,  and  Windmillhill 
villages,  and  most  of  Motherwell  town, 
in  middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  Its  length 
is  about  4  miles ;  its-  breadth  about  3 
miles  ;  its  area  3039  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £57,254.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
13,853 ;  quoad  sacra,  8923.  The  surface 
rises  very  gently  from  the  Clyde  and  the 
South  Calder,  and  is  mostly  level.  Coal 
abounds,  and  is  extensively  worked.  The 
chief  seat  is  Dalziel  House  ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  the  line  of  a  Roman  road 
and  site  of  a  Roman  camp.  An  Established 
church  of  1874,  a  Free  church,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  of  1881,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  of  earlier  date,  a 
Methodist  chapel,  a  Roman  Catholic 
church,  and  a  large  public  school  are  at 
Motherwell.  5  schools  for  2034  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them  and 
enlargements  for  900  are  new. 

DALZIEL  (SOUTH),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  church,  in  vicinity  of  Motherwell, 
Lanarkshire.  It  was  constituted  subse- 
quent to  1874.    Pop.  4930. 

DAMF,  lake  in  Applecross  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

DAMHEAD,  village  in  vale  among  the 
Ochils,  5^  miles  north-by-east  of  Kinross. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Milnathort. 

DAMHEAD,  hamlet  midway  between  St. 
Ninian's  town  and  Airth  village,  Stirling- 
shire. 

DAMHEAD,  town,now  called  Jamestown, 
in  Bonhill  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

DAMPH,  fine  lake  among  mountains  on 
eastern  verge  of  Coigach  district,  Cromarty- 
shire. 


DAM 


123 


DAY 


DAMSAY,  beautiful  islet  in  Firth  Bay, 
Firth  parish,  Orkney. 

DAMSIDE,  place,  with  leech-ponds,  in 
Auchterarder  parish,  Perthshire. 

DANDALEITH,  railway  station  and  fine 
haugh  on  the  Spey  in  Kothes  parish, 
Elginshire. 

DANESHELT.    See  Dunshelt. 

DANEVALE,  seat  in  Crossmichael  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

DANNA,  island  in  North  Knapdale  parish, 
Argyleshire.    Pop.  40. 

DANSKINE,  place,  5J  miles  south-east- 
by-south  of  Haddington. 

DARA,  rivulet,  running  about  10  miles 
south-westward  and  3  miles  north-west- 
ward to  the  Deveron,  near  Turriff,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

DARDAR,  dell,  with  cascade,  on  coast  of 
Aberdour  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DARGAVEL,  seat  in  Erskine  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

DARGIE,  village  about  3  miles  west  of 
Dundee. 

DARK-MILE,  glen  between  Loch  Archaig 
and  Loch  Lochy,  Inverness-shire.  Its 
character  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the 
Trossachs,  but  with  larger  and  more 
striking  features. 

DARLEITH,  estate  in  Bonhill  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

DARLINGSHAUGF,  suburb  and  section 
of  Galashiels  at  verge  of  Roxburghshire. 

DARLINGTON,  suburb  of  Stewarton, 
Ayrshire. 

DARMEAD,  head-stream  of  the  Breich, 
in  Cambusnethan  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

DARNAWAY,  hamlet  and  noble  mansion 
on  west  border  of  Elginshire.  The  hamlet 
lies  about  3£  miles  south-west  of  Forres, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Forres.  The 
mansion,  Darnaway  Castle,  is  a  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Moray,  and  is  partly  ancient,  but 
chiefly  modern. 

DARNGABER,  village  and  vestige  of 
ancient  castle  on  south-east  side  of 
Hamilton  parish,  Lanarkshire,  Pop. 
with  Quarter,  886. 

DARNHALL,  a  seat  of  Lord  Eli- 
bank,  near  Eddlestone  village,  Peebles- 
shire. 

DARNICK,  village  on  eastern  verge  of 
Abbotsford  estate,  about  a  mile  west  of 
Melrose,  Roxburghshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Melrose ;  contains  a  massive 
tower  of  15th  century,  now  furnished 
as  a  museum  of  Border  antiquities ;  and 
gave  to  Sir  "Walter  Scott,  among  many  of 
his  familiar  friends,  the  soubriquet  of 
'Duke  of  Darnick.'    Pop.  448. 

DARNLEY,  ancient  barony,  2  miles  south- 
west of  Pollockshaws,  Renfrewshire.  It 
belonged  for  ages  to  a  branch  of  the 
Stewarts ;  gave  them  the  peerage  title 
of  lord,  so  prominent  in  history  as  borne 
by  the  husband  of  Queen  Mary  ;  and  was 
sold  about  1757  to  Sir  John  Maxwell  of 
Pollock. 

DARNOW,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Kirkcowan  parish,  Wigtonshire. 


DAROCHVILLE,  seat  in  Inverness  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

DARRA,  hill  in  Turriff  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

DARRACH,  hill  on  western  verge  of 
Denny  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

DARtJEL,  rivulet,  traversing  Glendaruel 
to  head  of  Loch  Striven,  in  Argyleshire. 

DARVEL,  town  on  Irvine  river,  9  miles 
east-by-north  of  Kilmarnock,  Ayrshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Kilmarnock,  a 
banking  office,  an  ancient  fortalice,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  ptiblic  school  with  about 
130  scholars.    Pop.  1700. 

DAVA,  place,  8^ miles  north  of  Grantown, 
Elginshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Grantown  and  a  railway  station. 

DAVAR.    See  Devaar. 

DAVEN,  lake  in  Logie-Coldstone  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

DAVID.    See  Daviot. 

DAVIDSON'S  MAINS  (popularly  MUT- 
TONHOLE),  village,  3£  miles  west-north- 
west of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  post  office 
with  all  departments,  designated  of  Mid- 
lothian, and  a  Free  church.    Pop.  744. 

DAVID  (ST.),  parish,  with  church  at  head 
of  Candlerigg  street,  Glasgow.  Pop., 
quoad  sacra,  9157. 

DAVID  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  west  of 
Edinburgh.    Pop.  9456. 

DAVID  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and.  Free  churches,  in  Dundee. 
Pop.  25,975. 

DAVID  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  Kirk- 
intilloch, Dumbartonshire.    Pop.  3786. 

DAVID'S  (ST.),  seaport  village,  2  miles 
east  of  Inverkeithing,  Fife. 

DAVID'S  (ST).,  village  in  Madderty 
parish,  Perthshire. 

DAVINGTON,  place  in  Eskdalemuir 
parish,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  43  scholars. 

DAVIOT  (popularly  DAVID),  village  and 
parish  in  Garioch  district,  Aberdeenshire. 
The  village  stands  9  miles  north-west  of 
Aberdeen,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen,  a  parochial  church,  and  a  public 
school.  The  parish  is  about  3  miles  long, 
and  comprises  4454  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £5532.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
515;  quoad  sacra,  658.  A  gently 
undulated  ridge  extends  through  the 
middle  from  nearly  end  to  end,  and  two 
similar  but  shorter  and  lower  ridges  extend 
along  the  sides.  The  chief  residence  is 
Fingask ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are 
remains  of  two  ancient  Caledonian  stone 
circles. 

DAVIOT,  hamlet  in  Inverness-shire,  and 
parish  partly  also  in  Nairnshire.  The  ham- 
let lies  on  river  Nairn,  6|  miles  south-east 
of  Inverness,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Inverness,  an  Established  church,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school.  The  parish 
is  about  23  miles  long,  and  from  scarcely 
1|  to  5|  miles  broad,  but  includes  only  388 
acres  in  Nairnshire.     Real  property  in 


DAY 


124 


DEE 


1880-81,  of  the  Inverness-shire  part, 
£11,561;  of  the  Nairnshire  part,  £1466. 
Pop.  1133  and  119.  The  surface  includes 
portions  of  Drummossie  Moor  and  the 
Monadhleagh  Mountains,  but  consists,  for 
more  than  nine-tenths  of  its  entire  area, 
of  the  greater  part  of  Strathnairn  valley  ; 
and  it  presents,  in  the  aggregate,  a  wild 
and  striking  appearance.  The  chief  resi- 
dences are  Daviot  House  and  Farr;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  an 
ancient  castle  and  of  several  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circles.  Dunlichity  old 
parish  is  united  to  Daviot,  and  its  church 
stands  7  miles  west  of  Daviot  hamlet,  and 
is  still  in  use.  5  schools  for  400  scholars 
are  within  the  united  parish,  and  3  of 
them  for  220  are  new. 

DAVISTON,  burn  in  Cadder  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

DAVO,  picturesque  ravine  in  Garvock 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

DA  WAN,  lake  on  border  of  Logie-Cold- 
stone  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DA  WICK,  mansion  and  old  parish  in 
Peeblesshire.  The  mansion  stands  on  the 
Tweed,  about  7  miles  south-west  of  Peebles, 
and  is  the  seat  of  Sir  James  Nasmyth, 
Bart.  The  parish  was  suppressed  in  1742, 
and  divided  between  Drummelzier  and 
Stobo. 

DEAD,  affluent  of  the  Lyne,  in  Newlands 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

DEAD,  vast  bog  in  north-east  of  Castleton 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

DEADMANGILL,  notable  cairn  in  Mous- 
wald  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

DEAL  (LEAS  OF),  hill,  820  feet  high,  at 
head  of  Deals  voe,  Shetland. 

DEALS,  voe  or  bay  in  Tingwall  parish, 
Shetland. 

DEAN,each  of  numerous  stream-traversed 
ravines  or  deep  narrow  vales  in  many  parts 
of  Scotland.  The  name  occurs  both  alone 
and  as  a  prefix,  and  it  is  usually  written 
'  dean '  in  places  south  of  the  Forth,  and 
'  den '  in  places  to  the  north.  Many  a  dean 
or  den  is  a  cul-de-sac,  escarped  or  copse- 
clad  on  the  sides. 

DEAN,  suburb  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
on  left  side  of  "Water  of  Leith,  above  Stock- 
bridge,  Edinburgh.  The  suburb  was  origi- 
nally a  rural  village  dating  from  the  time 
of  David  I. ;  retains  a  few  old  houses  in- 
termixed with  modern  ones ;  adjoins  on 
one  side  an  elegant  modern  suburb  on 
tabular  ground,  and  descends  on  another 
nearly  into  junction  with  a  dingy  old 
village  in  bottom  of  Water  of  Leith  ravine  ; 
and  contains  or  adjoins  an  Established 
church  of  1856,  a  Free  church,  Trinity 
Episcopalian  church,  a  bridge  of  1832,  and 
a  cemetery  formed  in  1845.  The  bridge 
spans  the  Water  of  Leith  ravine,  has  4 
arches,  each  96  feet  in  span,  and  measures 
447  feet  in  length,  39  feet  in  width,  and 
106  feet  in  height.  The  cemetery  was 
greatly  extended  and  partly  re-embellished 
in  1872,  and  it  contains  the  graves  of  many 
of  Edinburgh's  most  distinguished  public 


men.  The  quoad  sacra  parish  is  part  of 
St.  Cuthbert's.    Pop.  5039. 

DEAN,  river,  running  about  10  miles 
west-south-westward  from  Forfar  loch  to 
the  Isla,  at  boundary  with  Perthshire. 

DEAN,  burn,  running  to  the  Forth,  in 
Borrowstownness  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

DEAN,  village  in  Wilton  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

DEAN,  ruined  castellated  mansion  about 
a  mile  north-east  of  Kilmarnock,  Ayrshire. 
It  belonged  to  the  Earls  of  Kilmarnock, 
the  last  of  whom  suffered  death  for  par- 
ticipation in  the  rebellion  of  1745 ;  but  it 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1735. 

DEANBURNHAUGH,  village  in  Roberton 
parish,  Roxburghshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Hawick. 

DEANPARK,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  south- 
western suburbs  of  Glasgow.    Pop.  2048. 

DEANS,  village  in  Cambuslang  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

DEANSTON,  village  on  river  Teith,  about 
a  mile  west  of  Doune,  Perthshire.  It  pre- 
sents a  pleasant  appearance ;  is  noted  in 
connection  with  Mr.  James  Smith,  the 
famous  mechanician  and  agricultural  im- 
prover, who  died  in  1850 ;  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Stirling,  extensive  cotton  mills, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  292  scholars. 
Pop.  679.  Deanston  mansion  is  in  its 
vicinity. 

DEAOTHACK,  affluent  of  the  Glass, 
Inverness-shire. 

DEAS,  headland  at  southern  extremity 
of  Kintvre,  Argyleshire. 

DECHMONT,  hill,  with  fine  view,  1\  miles 
south-west  of  Cambuslang,  Lanarkshire. 
It  once  had  many  ancient  cairns,  and  is 
the  subject  of  a  poem  by  John  Struthers. 

DECHMONT,  village  and  hill  in  Living- 
stone parish,  Linlithgowshire.   Pop.  214. 

DEE,  river  rising  among  Cairngorm 
Mountains,  and  running  east-by-northward 
to  the  sea  at  Aberdeen.  Its  length  of 
course,  in  direct  line,  is  64  miles  ;  along 
its  bed,  at  least  96  miles.  It  makes  a  stu- 
pendous aggregate  descent  to  the  foot  of 
the  Cairngorms ;  forms,  about  6  miles 
above  Castleton,  a  series  of  falls,  called  the 
Linn  of  Dee  ;  and  runs  so  slowly  from 
Castleton  to  the  sea,  as  nowhere  to  afford 
water-power  for  a  mill.  Its  affluents  are 
very  numerous,  but  are  mostly  torrents  or 
burns. 

DEE,  river  of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It 
is  formed  by  conflux  of  the  Ken  and  the 
Black  Dee ;  goes  prevailingly  southward 
to  Solway  Firth  at  mouth  of  Kirkcud- 
bright Bay ;  expands  over  the  first  5 
miles  into  a  series  of  narrow  lakes  ;  makes 
a  total  run  of  about  20  miles ;  and  is  navig- 
able for  about  7  miles  from  the  Solway. 

DEE,  lake,  about  If  mile  long,  in  Minni- 
gaff  pat-ish,  Kirkcudbrightshire ;  also  the 
series  of  narrow  lakes  in  Kirkcudbright- 
shire Dee. 

DEE  (BLACK),  river,  running  18  miles 
chiefly  south-eastward  to  confluence  with 
the  Ken,  in  Kirkcudbrightshire.     It  re- 


DEE 


125 


DEL 


ceives,  in  its  upper  parts,  a  small  affluent 
from  the  Minnigaff  Loch  Dee. 

DEE  BRIDGE.    See  Bridge  or  Dee. 

DEECHOID,  mountain  in  Muckairn 
section  of  Ardchattan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

DEER,  small  river,  running  about  16 
miles  east-south-eastward  and  eastward 
to  the  Ugie,  at  4£  miles  from  Peterhead, 
Aberdeenshire. 

DEERLAW,  hill  in  Yarrow  parish,  Sel- 
kirkshire. 

DEERNESS,  quoad  sacra  parish  averagely 
about  miles  east-by-south  of  Kirkwall, 
Orkney.  It  forms  politically  part  of  St. 
Andrews  ;  was  made  separate  quoad  sacra 
in  1845  ;  consists  mainly  of  a  peninsula, 
the  most  easterly  land  of  Pomona,  but 
includes  the  islands  of  Copinshay,  Corn- 
holm,  and  Horse ;  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Kirkwall,  an  Established  church,  a 
Free  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  87  scholars.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £1977.    Pop.  867. 

DEER  (NEW),  village  and  parish  in 
Buchan  district,  Aberdeenshire.  The 
village  stands  16|  miles  west  of  Peterhead, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Aberdeen,  2  banking- 
offices,  an  Established  church  of  1840,  a 
Free  church,  a  United  Presbyterian  church 
of  1877,  a  Congregational  church  of  1880, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  155 
scholars. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  or  hamlets  of  Whitehill,  Knavan, 
Cairnbanno,  and  Brucklaw,  and  part  of 
Savoch  quoad  sacra  parish.  Its  length  is 
12  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  fully  5 
miles  ;  its  area  26,750  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £23,211.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  4875 ;  quoad  sacra,  4097.  The 
surface  is  mostly  flat,  and  rises  nowhere 
higher  than  about  300  feet  above  sea-level. 
The  chief  residences  are  Brucklaw  and 
Nethermuir  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are 
ruins  of  Federate  Castle,  and  vestiges  or 
sites  of  many  ancient  Caledonian  monu- 
ments. An  Established  church  is  at 
Savoch,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches 
are  at  Savoch  and  "Whitehill.  8 
schools  for  880  scholars  are  within  the 
parish,  exclusive  of  Savoch,  and  3  of 
them  for  414  are  new. 

DEER  (OLD),  village  in  Buchan  district, 
Aberdeenshire,  and  parish  partly  also  in 
Banffshire.  The  village  stands  on  Deer 
river,  10^  miles  west-by-north  of  Peter- 
head, and  has  a  post  office  under  Mintlaw, 
a  banking  office,  Established,  Free,  and 
Episcopalian  churches,  and  2  public 
schools  with  about  226  scholars.  Pop. 
252. — The  parish  contains  also  the  villages 
of  Steuartfield,  Biffy,  and  Fetterangus, 
and  consists  of  a  compact  main  body  in 
Aberdeenshire,  and  a  detached  tract  in 
Banffshire.  The  main  body  measures  11 
by  5^  miles,  and  comprises  24,564  acres  ; 
and  the  detached  tract  comprises  2799 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £25,049 
and  £3113.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  5104 ; 
quoad  sacra,  3772.    The  surface  is  partly 


flat,  but  mainly  undulating,  and  includes 
many  rising  grounds,  cultivated  to  the 
summit.  The  chief  residence  is  Pitfour, 
and  the  chief  antiquity  is  the  ruin  of  a 
great  abbey  of  the  13th  century.  A  Free 
church  is  at  Clola,  and  United  Presby- 
terian and  Congregational  churches  are  at 
Steuartfield.  7  public  schools,  with  about 
790  scholars,  are  in  the  parish. 

DEESIDE,  valley  of  the  Dee,  partly  in 
Kincardineshire,  but  chiefly  in  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

DEIL'S  BEEF  TUB,  vast  hollow  contigu- 
ous to  public  road,  5  miles  north-by-west 
of  Moffat,  north  verge  of  Dumfriesshire. 
It  is  described  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Redqauntlet. 

DEIL'S  CAUSEWAY,  remains  of  Roman 
road  in  Stonehouse  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

DEIL'S  DYKE,  ancient  line  of  fortifica- 
tion from  Loch  Ryan  in  Wigtonshire, 
through  Minnigaff,  Glencairn,  Penpont, 
and  Lochmaben  parishes,  to  upper  part  of 
Solway  Firth  in  Dumfriesshire.  It  is  now 
in  many  parts  quite  extinct ;  in  other 
parts,  more  or  less  obscure  ;  in  some  parts,, 
still  very  distinct. 

DEIL'S  KNAP,  hillock,  anciently  a  beacon 
or  signal  post,  in  Lunan  parish,  Forfarshire. 

DELFOUR,  place,  with  remarkable  assem- 
blage of  ancient  Caledonian  monuments, 
comprising  cairn,  obelisk,  and  two  stone 
circles,  in  Alvie  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

DELGATTY.    See  Dalgetty. 

DELLAGYLE,  place  with  notable  cave  in 
Knockando  parish,  Elginshire. 

DELNIES,  village  on  coast  of  Nairn 
parish,  Nairnshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  115  scholars. 

DELNY,  place,  3|  miles  north-east  of 
Invergordon,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Inverness-shire,  and  a. 
railway  station. 

DELORAINE,  tract  on  Ettrick  river,  17 
miles  south-west  of  Selkirk.  It  gave  the 
title  of  earl  in  1706  to  a  branch  of  th& 
family  of  Scott ;  and  the  title  became 
extinct  in  1807. 

DELTING,  parish  a  little  north  of  the 
middle  of  Shetland.  It  comprehends  part 
of  Mainland  between  Yell  Sound  and  St. 
Magnus  Bay,  the  islands  of  Muckle  Roe 
and  Little  Roe,  and  the  islets  of  Brother, 
Fishholm,  and  Bigga,  and  contains  the 
hamlet  of  Mossbank,  with  post  office  under 
Lerwick.  Its  length  is  variously  stated  at 
14  and  10  miles,  its  breadth  at  6  and  8 
miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £2312. 
Pop.  1654.  The  surface  is  much  inter- 
sected by  the  sea,  and  presents  for  the 
most  part  a  hilly,  bleak,  and  barren 
appearance.  Caves  are  at  Culsterness  and 
Trondavoe.  The  seats  are  Busta,  Garth, 
Ulhouse,  and  Mossbank ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  vestiges  or  sites  of  ancient 
castles.  The  churches  are  2  Established,. 
1  Free,  and  1  United  Presbyterian.  There 
are  7  schools  for  272  scholars,  and  5  of 
them  for  174  are  new. 

DELVINE,  seat  of  Sir  Alexander  M. 


DEL 


126 


DES 


Mackenzie,  Bart.,  in  Caputh  parish, 
Perthshire. 

DELVORICH,  village  in  Kilmadock 
parish,  Perthshire. 

DEN.    See  Dean. 

DEN,  village  in  Dairy  parish,  Ayrshire. 
Pop.  995. 

DENBRAE,  seat  near  St.  Andrews,  Fife. 

DENEND,  village  in  Newtyle  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

DENFENELLA,  romantic  ravine,  with 
cascade  of  65  feet,  spanned  by  lofty, 
handsome  bridge,  in  St.  Cyrus  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

DENHEAD,  hamlet  in  Cameron  parish, 
Fife.  It  has  a  post  office  under  St. 
Andrews,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
47  scholars. 

DENHEAD,  hamlet  in  Logie-Buchan 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Ellon,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  79  scholars. 

DENHEAD,  village  a  short  distance  west 
of  Dundee. 

DENHOLM,  village  adjacent  to  the 
Teviot,  5  miles  north-east  of  Hawick, 
Roxburghshire.  It  stands  on  a  plateau, 
adjoins  a  picturesque  wooded  dell,  includes 
a  spacious  square,  and  has  a  post  office 
with  all  departments  under  Hawick,  water- 
works of  1874,  an  obeliskal  monument  to 
the  poet  Leyden,  a  Free  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  187  scholars, 
Pop.  592. 

DENINO.    See  Dunino. 

DENMILL,  village  a  short  distance  west 
of  Dundee. 

DENMILL,  ruined  ancient  castellated 
seat,  1^  mile  south-east  of  Newburgh, 
Fife. 

DENNIS,  headland  in  north-east  of 
North  Ronaldshay,  Orkney. 

DENNISTON,  suburb,  1J  mile  east-by- 
north  of  Royal  Exchange,  Glasgow.  It 
was  founded  in  1860  ;  consists  of  handsome 
streets  and  fine  villas  in  symmetrical  ar- 
rangement ;  presents  a  pleasant  aspect, 
strongly  contrasted  to  that  of  neighbouring 
suburbs ;  stands  in  near  vicinity  to  Alex- 
andra Park ;  communicates  by  tramway 
with  most  parts  of  the  city ;  and  contains 
a  Romanesque  Established  church  of  1877, 
a  neat  steepled  Free  church  of  about  1870, 
and  a  costly  Italian  United  Presbyterian 
church  of  1878. 

DENNISTON,  suburb  of  Dumbarton. 

DENNY,  town  and  parish  in  south-east 
of  Stirlingshire.  The  town  stands  on  river 
Carron,  at  terminus  of  branch  railway,  1\ 
miles  by  road,  but  13J  by  railway,  south- 
by-east  of  Stirling ;  was  only  a  hamlet  in 
latter  part  of  last  century  ;  is  now  a  con- 
siderable and  prosperous  seat  of  manufac- 
ture ;  comprises  j)arts  more  or  less  old  and 
recent  within  Denny  parish,  and  a  large 
suburb  within  Dunipace ;  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  2  banking  offices,  several  good  inns, 
Established,  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  a  public 


school  with  about  221  scholars.  The  U.P. 
church  was  reconstructed  in  1881  at  a  cost 
of  about  £12,000.  Pop.  of  town  proper, 
2823;  of  town  and  suburbs,  4080.— 
The  parish  contains  also  Denny-Loanhead, 
Parkfoot,  Longcroft,  and  Fankerton  vil- 
lages, most  of  Hollandbush  and  Haggs, 
and  part  of  Bonnybridge.  Its  length  is 
6  miles ;  its  breadth  about  4  miles  ;  its 
area  8309  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£24,508.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  5728 ;  quoad 
sacra,  3464.  A  hill-ridge  extends  through 
the  centre  from  east  to  west ;  slopes, 
with  some  undulations,  go  thence  to 
the  Carron  on  the  north,  and  to  the 
Bonny  on  the  south ;  and  Darrach  Hill 
rises  abruptly  and  prominently  on  the 
western  border.  Coal  and  ironstone  are 
worked.  A  chief  seat  is  Myothill,  and 
chief  antiquities  are  sites  of  Caledonian 
camps.  Established  churches  are  at 
Haggs  and  Bonnybridge,  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  is  at  Denny-Loanhead. 
4  schools  for  792  scholars  are  within  the 
parish,  and  3  of  them  for  650  are  new. 

DENNYBRIDGE,  suburb  or  section  of 
Denny,  Stirlingshire. 

DENNYFERN,  remains  of  ancient  castle 
in  Lethnot  parish,  Forfarshire. 

DENNY-LOANHEAD,  village,  \\  mile 
south  of  Denny,  Stirlingshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Denny,  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church. 

DENNYSTON.    See  Denniston. 

DENOON,  glen  and  site  of  old  castle  in 
Glammis  parish,  Forfarshire. 

DENOVAN,  village  and  mansion  in 
northern  vicinity  of  Denny,  Stirlingshire. 

DENSIDE,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Tannadice  parish,  Forfarshire. 

DERCLEUCH,  lake  in  Straiton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

DERCULICH,  seat  and  lake  in  Dull 
parish,  Perthshire. 

DERGAN,  rivulet,  running  northward 
to  Loch  Creran,  in  Ardchattan  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

DERNAGLAR,  lake,  4  miles  east  of  Glen- 
luce,  Wigtonshire. 

DERNCONNER,  village  in  Auchinleck 
parish,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  550. 

DERNOCK.    See  Darnick. 

DERVAIG,  place  in  north  of  Mull  Island, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  under  Oban. 

DESKFORD,  parish  averagely  about  3| 
miles  south  of  Cullen,  Banffshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Fochabers.  Its  length 
is  about  5  miles ;  its  breadth  about  3 
miles  ;  its  area  8155  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £4446.  Pop.  849.  The  sur- 
face is  a  hill-screened  valley,  traversed 
northward  by  Deskford  burn,  and  cut  in 
the  sides  by  ravines  with  small  cascades, 
The  parish  gives  the  peerage  title  of  baron 
to  the  Earl  of  Seafield,  and  contains  the 
ruined  residence  of  his  ancestors.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free.  There 
are  2  schools  for  207  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  for  175  is  new. 


DES 


127 


DIN 


DESKIE,  quondam  chapelry  in  Inveraven 
parish,  Banffshire. 

DESKRY,  rivulet,  running  about  9  miles 
northward  to  the  Don,  at  upper  boundary 
of  Towie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DESS,  railway  station  and  rivulet  in 
Deeside,  Aberdeenshire.  The  station  is 
3  miles  east  of  Aboyne,  and  the  rivulet 
issues  from  Auchlossen  Loch,  makes  a  fine 
waterfall  called  Slog  of  Dess,  and  enters 
the  Dee  in  vicinity  of  the  station. 

DESSWOOD,  seat  near  Kincardine 
O'Neil,  Aberdeenshire. 

DEUCALEDONIAN  SEA,  the  part  of  the 
Atlantic  among  and  around  the  Hebrides. 

DEUCHAR,  seat  in  Fearn  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

DEUGH,  rivulet , running  tortuously  about 
15  miles  to  right  side  of  the  Ken,  at  1\ 
miles  north-by-west  of  New  Galloway, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

DEVANA,  site  of  Roman  camp  on  the 
Dee  in  Peterculter  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DEVAR,  or  DEVAAR,  island  in  mouth 
of  Campbelton  Loch,  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 
A  lighthouse  is  on  it,  with  revolving  light 
visible  at  the  distance  of  17  nautical  miles. 

DEVERON,  river  of  Aberdeenshire  and 
Banffshire.  It  rises  on  uplands  4  miles 
south-west  of  Buck  of  Cabrach ;  runs  in 
various  directions,  but  averagely  north- 
eastward ;  receives  in  its  progress  the 
Bogie,  the  Isla,  and  some  lesser  affluents  ; 
has  a  total  course  of  35  miles  in  straight 
line,  but  at  least  50  along  its  bed;  is 
impetuous  in  its'  upper  reaches,  but  slow 
in  its  middle  and  lower  ones ;  descends 
from  Highland  glens  to  traverse  a  diversity 
of  fertile  beautiful  lowland  tracts ;  and 
enters  the  sea  between  Banff  and  Macduff. 

DEVIL'S  CALDRON,  dark  dismal  cavern, 
with  cascade  into  it  from  deep  narrow 
chasm,  in  course  of  Lednock  river,  Perth- 
shire. 

DEVIL'S  CALDRON,  enclosed  circular 
ancient  structure,  believed  to  have  been 
a  place  of  Romish  penance,  in  vale  of  St. 
Blane,  Isle  of  Bute. 

DEVIL'S  MILL,  reverberating  cataract 
of  Devon  river,  within  a  fissure  a  little 
above  Rumbling  Bridge,  about  4  miles 
east-north-east  of  Dollar,  Clackmannan- 
shire. 

DEVIL'S  STAIRCASE,  difficult  descend- 
ing old  road  from  a  point  near  head  of 
Glencoe  to  a  point  near  head  of  Loch 
Leven,  on  north  border  of  Argyleshire. 

DEVOLS,  rocky  wooded  glen,  with 
brook  making  two  cascades,  in  western 
vicinity  of  Port  -  Glasgow,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

DEVON,  river  of  Perthshire,  Kinross- 
shire,  and  Clackmannanshire.  It  rises 
near  the  watershed  of  the  Southern  Ochils; 
makes  a  great  detour  to  the  east ;  has  a 
total  course  along  its  bed  of  about  26 
miles  ;  and  enters  the  Forth  at  Cambus, 
miles  in  straight  line  south-south-west 
of  its  source.  Famous  cataracts  and  falls 
are  on  it  near  Crook  of  Devon ;  and  the 


scenery  over  great  part  of  its  course  is 
highly  picturesque,  and  has  been  celebrated 
by  Burns. 

DEVON,  ironworks,  and  public  school 
with  about  148  scholars,  in  Clackmannan 
parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

DEVON  (BLACK  or  SOUTH),  rivulet, 
running  about  6  miles  westward  and  south- 
westward  to  the  Forth,  at  \\  mile  below 
Alloa. 

DEVONHILL,  place  on  _  west  side  of 
Hamilton  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

DEVONSHAW,  seat  about  2  \  miles 
east-north-east  of  Dollar,  Clackmannan- 
shire. 

DEVONSHAW,  hill,  with  ancient  cir- 
cular camp,  in  "Wandell  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

DEVONSIDE,  village  in  Tillicoultry 
parish,  Clackmannanshire.    Pop.  479. 

DEVON  VALLEY  RAILWAY,  railway 
from  Tillicoultry  station  of  Stirling  and 
Dunfermline  Railway  into  junction  with 
the  Fife  and  Kinross.  It  was  opened  on 
1st  May  1863,  and  became  amalgamated 
with  the  North  British  in  January  1875. 

DEWAR,  hamlet  and  lofty  hill  in  Heriot 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

DEWARTON,  village  in  Borthwick  par- 
ish, Edinburghshire. 

DEWS,  quondam  lake  in  Fetteresso 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

DHAIL,  hamlet  and  headland,  5  miles 
south-west  of  Butt  of  Lewis,  Outer  Heb- 
rides. 

DHIVACH.    See  DiVACH. 

DHU,  lake,  overhung  by  precipices  more 
than  1000  feet  high,  in  Glenmuick  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  A  rill  drops  into  it  from 
a  height  of  about  200  feet  ;  and  a  brook, 
forming  a  series  of  small  cascades,  goes 
from  it  to  Loch  Muick. 

DHU,  lake  in  Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

DHU,  mountain  in  Luss  parish,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 

DHUISK,  or  DUSK,  rivulet,  running 
about  10  miles  north-eastward  to  the 
Stinchar,  in  south  of  Carrick,  Ayrshire. 

DICHMOUNT,  hill  in  St.  Vigeans  par- 
ish, Forfarshire.  Its  summit  is  crowned 
with  a  large  cairn,  and  was  anciently  the 
seat  of  baronial  courts. 

DICHMOUNT,  Lanarkshire.    See  Dech- 

MONT. 

DIFFICULTY,  cape  in  south-west  of 
Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

DIGHTY,  small  river,  running  about  15 
miles  eastward  to  Firth  of  Tay,  at  2  miles 
east  of  Broughty  Ferry,  Forfarshire. 

DIGMORE,  small  harbour  in  North  Uist, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

DIKEHEAD.    See  Dykehead. 

DILLICHIP,  printworks  in  Bonhill  par- 
ish, Dumbartonshire. 

DILTY,  morass  in  Carmylie  and  Guthrie 
parishes,  Forfarshire. 

DINARD,  lake  and  rivulet  in  north-west 
of  Sutherland.  The  lake  lies  among 
mountains  on  south  verge  of  Durness 
parish,  measures  about  3  miles  in  circuit, 


DIN 


128 


DOC 


and  is  overlooked  by  a  cave  which  the 
Lords  Reay  used  as  a  sporting-lodge  ;  and 
the  rivulet  issues  from  it,  runs  im- 
petuously about  8  miles  northward,  is 
overhung  midway  by  Benspionna,  and 
enters  the  head  of  Kyle  of  Durness. 

DINGLETON,  suburb  of  Melrose,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

DINGWALL,  town  and  parish  in  south- 
east of  Ross-shire.  The  town  stands  in 
mouth  of  Strathpeffer,  at  head  of  Crom- 
arty Firth,  18^  miles  north-west  of  Inver- 
ness ;  ranks  as  a  seaport,  a  royal  burgh, 
and  the  capital  of  Ross-shire  ;  unites  with 
Cromarty,  Tain,  Dornoch,  Wick,  and 
Kirkwall  in  sending  a  member  to  Parlia- 
ment ;  comprises  a  main  street  about  \ 
mile  long,  and  a  number  of  small  streets 
and  lanes  ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  a  railway  station,  3  bank- 
ing offices,  2  hotels,  fine  castellated  County 
Buildings,  an  obeliskal  monument  erected 
by  the  first  Earl  of  Cromarty,  foundations 
and  fosse  of  ancient  castle  of  the  Earls  of 
Ross,  handsome  Established,  Free,  and 
Episcopalian  churches  of  respectively  1801, 
1869,  and  1872,  and  2  public  schools  with 
jointly  about  326  scholars.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  exclusive  of  railway,  £7408. 
Pop.  1921 .  —  The  parish  is  nearly  an 
oblong  of  about  lOf  square  miles.  Real 
property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£4993.  Pop.  2220.  The  surface  includes 
a  skirt  of  Benwyvis  and  a  part  of  Strath- 
peffer, is  elsewhere  diversified  by  hill  and 
valley,  and  presents  on  the  whole  a  very 
beautiful  appearance.  There  are  3  schools 
for  445  scholars,  and  an  enlargement  of  1 
of  them  for  150  is  new. 

DINGWALL,  extinct  ancient  baronial 
fortalice  on  site  of  St.  James  square,  Edin- 
burgh. 

DINGY'S  HOW,  ancient  tumulus,  30  feet 
high,  in  St.  Andrews  parish,  Orkney. 

DINLABYRE,  estate  and  burn,  the 
latter  with  beautiful  cascade,  in  Castleton 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

DINNET,  place,  4|  miles  west  of  Aboyne, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen,  a  railway  station,  and  a  quoad 
sacra  parochial  church  for  a  pop.  of  311. 
Dinnet  burn,  entering  the  Dee  in  its  vicinity, 
receives  the  effluence  of  lakes  in  Tullich 
and  Logie-Coldstone  parishes,  and  may  be 
regarded  as  the  boundary  between  the 
Highlands  and  the  Lowlands  of  Deeside. 

DINWOODIE,  old  chapelry,  now  forming 
northern  section  of  Applegarth  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  railway  station 
%\  miles  north  of  Lockerby. 

DIONARD.    See  DlNARD. 

DIPPEN,  headland  near  south-eastern 
extremity  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  It 
rises  almost  vertically  to  the  height  of 
about  300  feet,  and  is  leaped  by  a  brook 
forming  a  curve  of  spray. 

DIPPEN,  seat  on  south-east  side  of  West 
Loch  Tarbert,  Argyleshire. 

DIPPLE,  ancient  parish,  now  included  in 
Speymouth,  Elginshire. 


DIPPOOL,  rivulet,  running  about  1\ 
miles  south-westward  to  the  Mouse,  in 
Lanarkshire. 

DIRIE,  head  -  stream  of  the  Conan,  in 
Ross-shire. 

DIRLET,  ancient  castle,  on  high  preci- 
pitous rock  overhanging  Thurso  river,  in 
Halkirk  parish,  Caithness. 

DIRLETON,  village  and  parish  on  coast  of 
Haddingtonshire.  The  village  stands  about 
LJ  mile  from  the  sea,  and  3  miles  south- 
west-by-west of  North  Berwick  ;  occupies 
the  sides  of  a  large  triangular  green ; 
comprises  neat  modern  cottages  with 
garden  plots  on  two  sides,  and  massive  ruins 
of  Dirleton  Castle  on  the  third  side  ;  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Drem,  a  railway 
station,  a  fine  bowling-green,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  121  scholars.  Pop.  343. 
The  castle  was  built  in  the  12th  century 
by  the  family  of  Vaux;  made  strong  re- 
sistance to  the  English  in  1298,  but  was 
taken  and  held  by  them  till  1306  ;  passed 
afterwards  to  the  Halyburtons,  and  gave 
them  the  peerage  title  of  Lords  Dirleton, 
a  title  now  held  by  the  Earl  of  Mar  ;  was 
captured  and  dismantled  by  Cromwell ; 
and  is  noticed  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  his 
Border  Antiquities. — The  parish  contains 
also  the  villages  of  Gulane,  Kingston,  and 
Fenton,  and  is  5%  miles  long  and  4  miles 
broad.  Acres,  9146.  Real  property  in 
18S0-81,  £16,955.  Pop.  1506.  The  sur- 
face, though  diversified  by  two  low  parallel 
ridges,  looks  to  be  flat ;  and  includes,  be- 
tween Dirleton  village  and  the  sea,  a  tract 
long  famous  as  a  remarkably  fine  coursing- 
field.  The  chief  residence  is  Archerfield, 
and  the  chief  antiquity,  besides  Dirleton 
Castle,  is  the  ruined  church  of  Gulane. 

DIRRINGTONS,  two  conical  hills,  Great 
and  Little,  in  Longformacus  parish,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

DIRU,  lake  and  offset  of  Benloyal  in 
Tongue  parish,  Sutherland. 

DISBLAIR,  estate,  with  mansion  and 
public  school,  in  Fintray  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

DISTINCTHORN,  mountain,  1258  feet 
high,  6  miles  east-south-east  of  Galston, 
eastern  border  of  Ayrshire.  It  commands  a 
magnificent  view. 

DIVACH,  affluent  of  the  Coiltie  in  Ur- 
quhart  parish,  Inverness-shire.  It  makes 
a  profound  waterfall,  equal  in  picturesque- 
ness  to  the  Fall  of  Foyers. 

DIVIE,  picturesque  rivulet,  rising  on 
Brae  Moray,  and  running  about  10  miles 
north-westward  to  the  Findhorn,  in  Elgin- 
shire. 

DOCHART,  lake  and  river  in  Killin 
parish,  Perthshire.  The  lake  lies  in  the 
head  of  Glendochart,  receives  the  rivulet 
Fillan  from  Strathfillan,  is  overhung  on 
the  south  by  Benmore,  measures  about 
3  miles  in  length,  and  contains  a  floating 
islet.  The  river  issues  from  the  lake,  runs 
about  10  miles  east-north-eastward  along 
the  rest  of  Glendochart,  and  unites  with 


DOC 


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the  Lochy  to  fall  into  Loch  Tay  at  Killin 
village. 

DOCHFOUR,  lake,  burn,  and  seat,  about 
4  miles  south-west  of  Inverness.  The  lake 
is  a  terminating  wing  of  Loch  Ness,  and 
measures  about  mile  in  length.  The 
burn  makes  some  fine  cascades,  and  falls 
into  the  lake.  The  seat  is  on  the  lake's  left 
side,  and  is  a  handsome  Venetian  edifice. 

DOCHGARROCH,  burn  and  regulating 
lock  on  Caledonian  Canal,  near  foot  of 
Loch  Ness,  Inverness-shire. 

DOCHIE,  quondam  chapelry  in  Monifieth 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

DOD,  hill  in  Castleton  parish,  Roxburgh  - 
shire. 

DODHEAD,  low  hill-ridge  in  Newlands 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

DOG,  islet  in  Menteith  Loch,  Port-of- 
Menteith  parish,  Perthshire. 

DOGDEN,  extensive  moss  in  Greenlaw 
and  "Westruther  parishes,  Berwickshire. 

DOGS,  small  island  in  Loch  Laggan, 
Inverness-shire. 

DOGS,  ferry  on  Loch  Leven  on  mutual 
border  of  Argyleshire  and  Inverness-shire. 

DOG'S  STONE,  isolated  rock,  subject  of 
curious  legends,  on  the  shore  near  Oban, 
Argyleshire. 

DOINE,  lake  in  Balquhidder  parish, 
Perthshire. 

DOLL,  rivulet  and  glen  in  Clova  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

DOLLAR,  parish  in  Clackmannanshire, 
and  town  slightly  also  in  Perthshire.  The 
town  stands  on  a  sloping  plain,  between 
Devon  river  and  the  Ochils,  6£  miles 
north-east  of  Alloa  ;  presents  a  charming 
appearance,  amid  picturesque  scenery ; 
consists  of  old  section,  new  section,  and 
long  outskirt  of  villas ;  and  has  a  post 
office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Clackmannan- 
shire, a  railway  station,  a  banking  office, 
a  hotel,  a  large  endowed  educational  in- 
stitution, a  parochial  church  of  1841,  a 
Free  church,  a  United  Presbyterian  church 
of  1877,  and  an  Episcopalian  church  of 
1880.  Pop.  2014.— The  parish  is  about  3 
miles  long,  and  comprises  4773  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £12,247.  _  Pop.  2500. 
The  surface  comprises  a  fine  plain  or  valley, 
with  part  of  the  Ochils  on  the  north,  and 
gently  rising  ground  on  the  south.  Coal 
is  largely  worked,  and  iron-ore  abounds. 
A  chief  object  is  Castle  Campbell.  There 
are  3  schools  with  accommodation  for  1680 
scholars. 

DOLLARBURN,  old  tower  in  Manor 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

DOLLAR  LAW,  mountain,2680  feet  high, 
with  extensive  view,  9  miles  south-west 
of  Peebles. 

DOLLARS,  seat  near  Kilmarnock,  Ayr- 
shire. 

DOLLAS.    See  Dallas. 

DOLLERIE,  seat  in  Madderty  parish, 
Perthshire. 

DOLLS,  place,  with  distillery,  near  Men- 
strie,  Clackmannanshire. 


DOLPHINSTON,  hamlet,  with  some 
ancient  ruins,  2  miles  west  of  Tranent, 
Haddingtonshire. 

DOLPHINTON,  hamlet  and  parish  on 
south-east  border  of  Lanarkshire.  The 
hamlet  lies  11£  miles  south-east  of  Car- 
stairs  Junction,  and  has  a  post  office, 
designated  of  Peeblesshire,  a  railway 
station,  a  parochial  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  61  scholars. — The 
parish  is  about  3  miles  long,  and  com- 
prises 3574  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £3519.  Pop.  292,  The  surface 
has  a  minimum  altitude  of  about  700  feet 
above  sea-level,  and  contains  the  conical 
mount  of  Keir  Hill,  and  the  mountain  of 
Dolphinton  Hill,  yet  is  mostly  arable. 

DOLPHISTON,  hamlet,  with  ancient 
tower,  4|  miles  south-south-east  of  Jed- 
burgh, Roxburghshire. 

DOLT,  hill  in  Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wig- 
tonshire. 

DON,  river  of  Aberdeenshire.  It  rises 
on  a  spur  of  Cairngorm  Mountains,  at 
boundary  with  Banffshire  ;  runs  crookedly 
in  eastward  direction  to  the  sea  about  a 
mile  north-east  of  Old  Aberdeen ;  and 
achieves  a  course  of  44  miles  measured  in 
straight  line,  but  probably  double  that 
distance  along  its  bed.  Its  chief  affluents 
are  the  Conry,  the  Carvy,  and  tbe  Leochel 
on  the  right,  and  the  Ernan,  the  Nochty, 
the  Bucket,  the  Kindy,  and  the  Ury  on 
the  left.  Its  basin  for  about  18  miles 
from  its  source  is  prevailingly  upland,  but 
afterwards  includes  much  meadow  and 
valley,  and  throughout  contains  a  large 
aggregate  of  delightful  scenery. 

DON,  sea-loch,  4  miles  long,  on  east  coast 
of  Mull  Island,  opposite  Kerrera,  Argyle- 
shire. 

DONALDS,  cleugh  in  Tweedsmuir  parish, 
Peeblesshire.  It  was  a  retreat  of  the 
famous  Covenanter,  Donald  Cargill. 

DONAN,  small  island  in  Loch  Alsh, 
Ross-shire.    See  also  Castle-Donan. 

DONAVOURD,  seat  near  Pitlochrie, 
Perthshire. 

DON  (BRIDGE  OF).  See  Bridge  of  Don. 

DONIBRISTLE,  village  and  noble  seat, 
between  Aberdour  and  Inverkeithing,  on 
coast  of  Fife.  The  village  is  inhabited 
chiefly  by  colliers,  and  has  a  public  school 
with  about  138  scholars.  Pop.  502. 
The  seat  was  originally  the  residence  of 
the  abbot  of  Inchcolm ;  underwent  en- 
largement to  become  the  residence  of  the 
Earl  of  Moray  ;  and  was  destroyed  by  fire 
in  1858. 

DONKINS,  place,  with  limeworks,  in 
Middlebie  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

DOON,  lake  in  Kirkcudbrightshire  and 
Ayrshire,  and  river  dividing  Carrick  from 
Kyle  in  Ayrshire.  The  lake  measures  6 
miles  in  length,  and  from  3  to  6  furlongs 
in  breadth  ;  is  engirt  with  wild,  sequestered 
uplands ;  contains  an  islet  with  ruined 
ancient  castle ;  and  makes  its  effluence 
through  artificial  sluices.  The  river  com- 
mences at  these  sluices  ;  runs  for  about  a 

I 


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130 


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mile  along  a  deep  narrow  ravine  ;  proceeds 
about  16  miles  north  -  westward  to  the 
Firth  of  Clyde  at  2  miles  south  of  Ayr ; 
and,  in  its  lower  reaches,  has  the  bosky, 
picturesque  character  celebrated  in  Burns' 
'  Banks  and  Braes  o'  Bonnie  Doon. ' 

DOON,  steep  lofty  termination  of  hill- 
range  in  Tynron  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 
It  was  anciently  fortified,  and  was  the 
retreat  of  King  Kobert  Bruce  after  the 
death  of  Comyn. 

DOON,  termination  of  hill-range  in 
Glencairn  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

DOON,  hill  in  Spott  parish,  Haddington- 
shire. 

DOONHOLM,  seat  on  the  Doon  in  Ayr 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

DORARY,  section  of  Thurso  parish, 
Caithness.  It  lies  detached  4  miles  from 
the  main  body,  and  is  encompassed  by 
Sutherland. 

DORBACK,  affluent  of  the  Findhorn,  in 
Edenkillie  parish,  Elginshire. 

DORBACK,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Abernethy  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

DORBSHILL,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Logie-Buchan  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DOREHOLM,  rock-islet  in  St.  Magnus 
Bay,  Shetland.  It  has  a  grand  natural 
arch,  54  feet  high. 

DORES,  village  and  parish  in  Inverness- 
shire.  The  village  stands  at  foot  of  Loch 
Ness,  8  miles  south-west  of  Inverness,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Inverness,  and  a 
parochial  church  with  500  sittings. — The 
parish  is  about  20  miles  long,  and  3  or  4 
miles  broad,  and  comprises  25,693  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8745.  Pop. 
1148.  The  surface  includes  a  narrow 
strip  of  low  ground  along  Loch  Ness,  the 
small  vale  of  Farigag,  and  part  of  Strath- 
errick.  The  chief  seats  are  Aldowrie, 
Eregie,  and  Gortleg ;  and  the  chief  an- 
tiquity is  the  vestige  of  Dun-Bichuan 
fort.  There  is  a  Free  church  for  Dores 
and  Bona,  and  there  are  public  schools  at 
Aldowrie,  Bunchrubbin,  and  Stratherrick. 

DORES,  quondam  castle,  said  to  have 
been  a  residence  of  Macbeth,  on  a  hill-top 
in  Kettins  parish,  Forfarshire. 

DORMONT,  seat  in  Dalton  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

DORNADILLA,  Scandinavian  tower  at 
south  base  of  Benhope,  in  Durness  parish, 
Sutherland. 

DORNAL,  lake,  10  miles  north-north- 
west of  Newton-Stewart,  "Wigtonshire. 

DORNIE,  village  in  Kintail  parish,  Ross- 
shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Lochalsh, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  35  scholars. 

DORNOCH,  town  and  parish  in  south- 
east corner  of  Sutherland,  and  firth  on 
mutual  border  of  Sutherland  and  Ross- 
shire.  The  town  stands  on  north  side  of 
the  firth,  6  miles  in  straight  line,  but  10  by 
road  and  ferry,  north-by-east  of  Tain  ;  was 
the  seat  of  the  old  diocese  of  Sutherland 
and  Caithness ;  became  a  royal  burgh  in 
the  time  of  Charles  I.,  and  unites  with 
Tain  and  four  other  burghs  in  sending 


a  member  to  Parliament ;  is  only  a  village 
in  size,  yet  the  capital  of  Sutherland 
in  status ;  had  an  ancient,  large,  strong, 
palatial  castle  with  lofty  tower  ;  retains 
its  ancient  cathedral,  restored  in  1837,  and 
used  as  the  parochial  church  ;  and  has 
a  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Sutherland  shire,  a  banking  office,  a 
hotel,  County  Buildings  adjoined  to  the 
ancient  castle's  tower,  a  Free  church,  a 
public  library,  and  a  public  school.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £920.  Pop.  497.— 
The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Clashmore  and  Embo,  and  measures  about 
11  miles  by  6.  Real  property  of  land- 
ward part  in  1880-81,  £7579.  Pop.  2525. 
The  shore  is  mostly  flat  and  sandy ;  and 
the  interior  is  partly  flat  and  partly  an 
alternation  of  straths  and  hill  -  ridges. 
Skibo  Castle  is  the  chief  seat ;  and  an 
ancient  structure  of  the  same  name,  de- 
molished in  last  century,  was  the  residence 
of  the  bishops  of  Sutherland  and  Caith- 
ness. 7  schools  for  771  scholars  are 
in  the  parish,  and  2  of  them  and  a  class- 
room for  299  are  new. — The  firth  is  the 
estuary  of  the  river  Oikell ;  extends  10 
miles  east-south-eastward,  with  maxi- 
mum width  of  If  mile ;  contracts  at 
Meikle  Ferry,  4  miles  above  Tain  ;  makes 
a  sudden  expansion  there,  and  goes  13 
miles  eastward  and  north-eastward  to  a 
terminating  width  of  about  12  miles. 

DORNOCK,  village  and  parish  on  southern 
border  of  Annandale,  Dumfriesshire.  The 
village  stands  3  miles  west  of  Annan,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Annan,  a  rail- 
way station,  a  parochial  church,  and  2 
public  schools  with  about  181  scholars. 
The  parish  contains  also  Lowtherton 
village,  and  measures  about  4  miles 
by  2§.  Acres,  4626.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £6805.  Pop.  814.  The  Solway 
Firth  forms  the  southern  boundary,  and  is 
here  2  miles  wide.  The  coast  is  low  and 
sandy,  and  the  interior  is  a  slightly  in- 
clined plain,  nearly  all  arable. 

DORRAL,  burn  in  Dallas  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

DORUS-MOR,  strait  between  Craignish 
point  and  Garbhreisa  islet  at  mouth  of 
Loch  Crinan,  Argyleshire. 

DOSK,  old  parish,  now  forming  Kin- 
cardineshire section  of  Edzell. 

DOUBLE,  hill  with  two  summits,  one  of 
them  commanding  a  grand  view,  in  Res- 
cobie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

DOUBLE-DYKES,  remains  of  extensive 
ancient  fortification  in  Stonehouse  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

DOUGLAS,  river,  town,  castle,  and  parish 
in  upper  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  river 
rises  on  Cairntable  Mountain,  and  runs 
about  16  miles  north-eastward  to  the 
Clyde  at  3g  miles  south-east  of  Lanark. — 
The  town  stands  on  the  river,  11  miles  by 
road  south-south- west  of  Lanark ;  is  an 
ancient  place,  long  of  great  importance, 
but  now  much  decayed;  and  has  a  post 


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131 


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office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph  de- 
partments, under  Lanark,  a  railway  station, 
2  banking  offices,  choir  of  ancient  church 
with  monuments  of  the  Earls  of  Douglas, 
a  modern  parochial  church,  Free  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  2  public 
schools  with  about  134  scholars.  Pop. 
1262. — The  castle  stands  on  the  river 
about  -jj  mile  north-east  of  the  town,  but 
is  twofold,  ancient  and  modern.  The 
ancient  castle  belonged  to  the  earls  who 
so  often  competed  in  power  and  grandeur 
with  the  Scottish  kings  ;  gave  the  title  of 
duke  from  1703  till  1761  to  one  of  their 
successors ;  gives  still  the  title  of  marquis 
to  the  Duke  of  Hamilton,  and  that  of 
baron  to  the  Earl  of  Home  ;  figured  much 
in  the  wars  of  the  succession  ;  is  the  'Castle 
Dangerous '  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  last  novel ; 
and  has  been  reduced  to  one  ruined  tower. 
The  modern  castle  was  erected  in  the  latter 
part  of  last  century,  displays  much  magni- 
ficence, and  belongs  to  the  Earl  of  Home. 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Bigside  and  Uddington,  and  is  12  miles 
long,  and  from  4  to  7  miles  broad.  Acres, 
34,137.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £21,182. 
Pop.  2641.  The  surface  comprehends 
most  of  the  basin  of  Douglas  river,  and  is 
mountainous  or  moorish  along  the  upper 
parts  of  the  basin,  but  has  a  fine  strath 
opening  into  luxuriant  valley  in  the  centre. 
Coal  abounds,  and  is  largely  worked.  The 
seats,  besides  Douglas  Castle,  are  Carma- 
coup,  Polmunckshead,  and  Crossburn. 
Free  and  Reformed  Presbyterian  churches 
are  at  Rigside.  4  schools  for  494 
scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them 
for  250  is  new. 

DOUGLAS,  burn,  running  about  6  miles 
south-eastward  to  the  Yarrow,  at  2  miles 
from  foot  of  St.  Mary's. Loch,  Selkirkshire. 

DOUGLAS,  burn,  running  about  7  miles 
eastward  to  Loch  Fyne,  at  3  miles  south  of 
Inverary,  Argyleshire. 

DOUGLAS,  burn,  running  about  5  miles 
east-south-eastward,  to  Loch  Lomond,  at 
Lower  Inveruglas,  Dumbartonshire. 

DOUGLAS,  estate  in  Clammis  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

DOUGLASDALE,  variously  Douglas 
parish,  the  basin  of  Douglas  river,  and 
all  middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire. 

DOUGLAS  MILL,  place,  2  miles  north- 
east of  Douglas  town,  Lanarkshire. 

DOUGLAS  MOOR,  large  section  of  Craw- 
ford parish,  Lanarkshire. 

DOUGLAS  PARK,  seat  in  Bothwell 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

DOUGLASTOWN,  village,  3£  miles  south- 
west of  Forfar.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Forfar. 

DOULAS,  lake  in  Lairg  parish,  Sutherland. 

DOULOCH,  lacustrine  expansion  of  Shira 
rivulet,  to  within  £  mile  of  Loch  Fyne,  in 
Inverary  parish,  Argyleshire.  Vestiges  of 
an  old  castle  are  on  its  bank. 

DOUN,  mountain,  2409  feet  high,  5  miles 
north-north-east  of  Garelochhead,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 


DOUNBY,  place,  with  post  office  under 
Finstown,  in  Pomona,  Orkney. 

DOUNE,  town  at  confluence  of  the  Teith 
and  the  Ardoch,  3  miles  west  of  Dunblane, 
Perthshire.  It  comprises  3  good  streets  and 
a  suburb ;  is  a  place  of  considerable  resort 
in  summer ;  has  a  post  office  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Perthshire,  a  railway  station, 
2  banking  offices,  2  hotels,  a  famous 
ancient  ruined  castle,  a  remarkable  old 
bridge,  a  Gothic  towered  Established 
church,  Free  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  an  Episcopalian  church  of  1877, 
and  3  public  schools  with  about  278 
scholars ;  and  gives  the  title  of  baron 
to  the  Earl  of  Moray.  Its  castle  was  long 
the  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Menteith  ;  became 
a  residence  of  two  regents  of  Scotland,  a 
resort  of  the  dowager  queen  of  James  v., 
and  a  resort  of  Queen  Mary ;  was  held  in 
1745  by  the  forces  of  Prince  Charles 
Edward;  figures  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Waverley  and  Lady  of  the  Lake;  and  is 
now  a  roofless,  massive,  quadrangular  pile, 
with  huge  corner  tower.  Pop.  of  the  town, 
996.  Doune  Lodge,  about  a  mile  to  the 
north-west,  is  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Moray. 

DOUNE,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Kincardine  parish,  Ross-shire. 

DOUNE,  hill,  with  vitrified  fort,  in  Criech 
parish,  Sutherland. 

DOUNE,  hill  in  Ardclach  parish,  Nairn- 
shire. 

DOUNE,  conical  mound,  formerly  forti- 
fied, in  Strathdon  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DOUNE,  conical  hill,  formerly  fortified, 
in  Edenkillie  parish,  Elginshire. 

DOUNE,  seat  in  Rothiemurchus  quoad 
sacra  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

DOUNE,  Dumbartonshire.    See  Doun. 

DOUR,  burn  in  Aberdour  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

DOURA,  collier  village  in  Kilwinning 
parish,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  222. 

DOURY,  burn  in  Marykirk  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

DOVE,  coast  cave  in  Fordyce  parish, 
Banffshire. 

DOVECOTAMINS,  highest  ground  in 
Coldstream  parish,  Berwickshire. 

DOVECOTHALL,  suburb  of  Barrhead, 
Renfrewshire. 

DOVECOTLAND,  village,  suburban  to 
Perth. 

DOVECOTWOOD,  fragment  of  very  strong 
old  castle  in  Kilsyth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

DOVERAN.    See  Deveron. 

DOVESLAND,  section  or  suburb  of 
Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

DOWAL,  lacustrine  expansion  of  river 
Carron,  with  3  islets,  in  Lochcarron 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

DOWALLY,  village  and  parish  in  Strath - 
tay  district,  Perthshire.  The  village  stands 
on  a  burn  of  its  own  name,  4J  miles  north- 
by-west  of  Dunkeld,  dates  from  the  Culdee 
times,  and  has  a  small  parochial  church  of 
1818,  and  a  public  school  with  about  63 
scholars. — The  parish  was  a  chapelry  of 


DOW 


132 


DRI 


Caputh,  became  separate  in  1500,  and  is 
now  united  to  Dunkeld  ;  and  it  comprises 
a  main  body  of  6  miles  along  the  Tay,  and 
a  detached  district  of  about  £  mile  along 
the  Tummel.  Acres  of  Dowally  and  Dun- 
keld, 9456.  Keal  property  in  1880-81, 
£3350.  Pop.  791.  The  main  body  con- 
sists of  a  belt  of  low  ground  contiguous 
to  the  Tay,  and  a  wooded  range  of  over- 
hanging heights  ;  and  includes  the  pictur- 
esque rocky  hills  of  Craigiebarns  and 
Craigievinean,  together  with  the  King's 
pass. 

DOWALTON,  fine  lake,  with  island,  2| 
miles  west  of  Garlieston,  Wigtonshire. 

DOWALTY,  hill -ridge  in  Banchory- 
Ternan  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

DOWANHILL,  handsome  new  suburb 
immediately  west  of  Billhead,  Glasgow. 
It  contains  the  city  observatory,  and  a 
United  Presbyterian  church. 

DOWANVALE,  suburb  of  Partick,  Glas- 
gow. It  has  a  Free  church,  erected  in 
1880-81,  and  fronting  Dowanhill. 

DOWGLEN,  burn  in  Westerkirk  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

DOWIE  BENS,  quondam  moor,  now  en- 
closed and  cultivated,  near  Yarrow  church, 
Selkirkshire.  It  was  the  scene  of  some 
dismal  event  commemorated  in  a  famous 
ancient  ballad,  and  it  formerly  had  upwards 
of  20  large  cairns,  but  has  now  no  other 
antiquity  than  two  large  unhewn  stones. 

DOWN,  hill  in  Dunbar  parish,  Hadding- 
tonshire. 

DOWN,  conical  verdant  hill  in  Fossa  way 
parish,  Perthshire. 

DOWN,  curious  hillock,  with  vertical 
rocky  front,  in  Fintry  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

DOWNAN,  place,  with  old  burying- 
ground,  in  Inveraven  parish,  Banffshire. 

DOWNFIELD,  village  in  Mains  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  under  Dundee, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  75  scholars. 
Pop.  349. 

DOWNFIELD,  hill,  with  ruined  ancient 
fortification,  in  Kettle  parish,  Fife. 

DOWNIE,  hill-ridge  in  Monikie  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

DOWNIE,  bold  headland  at  south  side  of 
Stonehaven  Bay,  Kincardineshire. 

DOWNIE  PARK,  seat  inTannadice  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

DOWNIES,  fishing  village,  6  miles  north- 
west of  Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire. 

DRAFFAN,  quondam  castle,  supposed 
to  have  been  Danish,  in  Dunino  parish, 
Fife. 

DRAFFAN,  place  in  Lesmahagow  parish, 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  112  scholars. 

DRAGON-HOLE,  cave  on  face  of  Kinnoul 
Hill,  near  Perth. 

DRAINIE,  parish  containing  Lossiemouth 
town,  Branderburgh  and  Seatown  suburbs, 
and  Stotfield  village,  on  coast  of  Elginshire. 
Its  length  is  about  4  miles  ;  its  breadth 
about  2  miles  ;  its  area  6949  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £12,100.    Pop.  3991. 


Part  of  the  coast  is  flat  and  low,  and  part 
is  bold  and  rocky.  A  foreshore  about  a 
mile  broad  is  at  the  low  part ;  and  a  reef 
with  skerry,  at  about  a  mile's  distance, 
lies  parallel  to  the  bold  part.  The  interior, 
except  at  the  bold  part  of  the  coast,  is  low 
and  nearly  level.  Caves  are  on  the  coast, 
and  the  site  of  the  strong  ancient  castle  of 
Kinnedder  adjoins  the  churchyard.  The 
parochial  church  stands  in  a  central  posi- 
tion, and  contains  700  sittings  ;  and  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches  are  at  Lossiemouth.  4  schools 
for  731  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  2  of 
them  for  485  are  new. 

DRAKEMUIR,  village  in  Dairy  parish, 
Ayrshire.    Pop.  325. 

DREAMBEG,  place  on  the  coast,  near 
mouth  of  Kyle-Skou,  in  west  of  Sutherland. 

DREEL,  burn  entering  Firth  of  Forth 
at  Anstruther,  Fife. 

DREGHORN,  village  and  parish  in  Cun- 
ningham district,  Ayrshire.  The  village 
stands  2  miles  east  of  Irvine,  commands 
a  fine  view,  and  has  a  post  office  with 
money  order  department,  designated  of 
Ayrshire,  a  railway  station,  a  parochial 
church,  an  Evangelical  Union  chapel, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  378 
scholars.  Pop.  928. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Overton  and  Perceton  villages, 
and  most  of  Bankhead  town.  Its  length 
is  about  8  miles  ;  its  breadth  from  f  mile 
to  2  miles  ;  its  area  5626  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1879-80,  £25,858.  Pop.  3949. 
The  land  at  the  south-west  end,  only  a 
mile  from  the  coast,  is  a  low  dead  flat ;  it 
rises  thence,  in  gentle  undulations,  toward 
the  east  and  north-east ;  and  it  is  nearly 
all  arable  and  luxuriant.  Coal  is  exten- 
sively worked,  and  ironstone,  limestone, 
and  sandstone  are  found.  Seats  are  Annock 
Lodge,  Perceton,  "Warwickhill,  and  Cun- 
ninghamhead.  A  Free  church,  erected  in 
1877,  is  at  Perceton.  4  schools  for  830 
scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  2  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  540  are  new. 

DREGHORN,  seat  in  Colinton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

DREINIGH,  small  island  near  Lismore, 
in  Loch  Linnhe,  Argyleshire. 

DREM,  village,  adjacent  to  railway  junc- 
tion, 17^  miles  east  of  Edinburgh.  It  has 
a  head  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  a  railway  station, 
and  remains  of  a  Knights  Templars'  estab- 
lishment, and  is  near  vestiges  of  a  fortified 
ancient  Caledonian  town. 

DRHUIM,  narrow,  wooded,  picturesque 
reach  of  the  Beauly's  vale,  1\  miles  long, 
with  a  series  of  cascades,  in  Kilmorack 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

DRIMACHTOR,  ancient  forest  in  Laggan 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

DRIMADOWN,  bay  on  south-west  coast 
of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

DRIMCUDDEN,  estate  in  Resolis  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

DRIMDRISSAIG,  seat  in  South  Knapdale 
parish,  Argyleshire. 


DRI 


133 


DRU 


DRIMINISH,  headland  on  north  coast  of 
Ardnamnrchan  peninsula,  Argyleshire. 

DRIMMIE,  seat  in  Rescobie  parish,  For- 
farshire. 

DRIMMIE,  extensive  heathy  tract,  for- 
merly forest,  in  Blairgowrie  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

DRIMMIES,  hill  in  Inverury  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

DRIMNIN,  place  on  east  side  of  Sound 
of  Mull,  opposite  Tobermory,  Argyleshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Oban,  a  mansion, 
and  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  the  latter 
on  site  of  an  ancient  castle. 

DRIMREE,  place,  with  rude  monuments 
of  an  ancient  battle,  in  Craignish  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

DRIMSYNIE,  seat  near  head  of  Loch 
Goil,  Argyleshire. 

DRIMVIRK,  seat  at  mouth  of  Creran 
river,  in  Ardchattan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

DRIMYEONBEG,  bay  on  east  side  of 
Gigha  Island,  Argyleshire. 

DRINLEAH,  ancient  battlefield,  with 
numerous  sepulchral  tumuli,  in  Criech 
parish,  Sutherland. 

DRIP.    See  Beidge  of  Deip. 

DRIPPS,  estate  in  Lanarkshire  section 
of  Cathcart  parish. 

DROCHIL,  unfinished,  well-preserved, 
massive  baronial  fortalice,  erected  by  Re- 
gent Morton,  at  confluence  of  the  Lyne 
and  Tarth,  7  miles  noifch-west  of  Peebles. 

DROICHS,  burn  traversing  deep  narrow 
vale  on  mutual  boundary  of  Alford  and 
Leochel  parishes,  Aberdeenshire. 

DROMORE,  railway  station,  18|  miles 
west-south-west  of  Castle-Douglas,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire.   See  also  Deumoee. 

DRON,  parish,  with  church,  about  5 
miles  south  of  Perth.  Its  post  town  is 
Bridge  of  Earn.  Its. length  is  about  3£ 
miles ;  its  breadth  about  3  miles  ;  its  area 
4188  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£4918.  Pop.  335.  The  southern  section 
is  part  of  the  Ochils,  and  the  northern 
one  is  a  rich  sloping  plain.  The  seats  are 
Balmanno  and  Glenearn,  and  a  remarkable 
object  is  a  large  rocking-stone.  The  public 
school  has  about  56  scholars. 

DRON,  hill,  with  ruins  of  ancient  chapel, 
in  Longforgan  parish,  Perthshire. 

DRONGAN,  collier  village,  estate,  and 
old  tower,  in  Stair  parish,  Ayrshire. 

DRONGS,  mural  cloven  rock,  about  100 
feet  high,  off  south  coast  of  Northmaven, 
Shetland. 

DRONLY,  village  and  burn  in  Auchter- 
house  parish,  Forfarshire. 

DRONOCHY,  rising  ground,  with  remains 
of  ancient  sculptured  cross,  in  Forteviot 
parish,  Perthshire. 

DRUIDIBEG,  lake,  with  several  islets,  in 
South  Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

DRUIE,  small  affluent  of  the  Spey  in 
Duthill  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

DRUIM.    See  Dehuim. 

DRUIMNACOUP,  ancient  battlefield, 
with  tumuli,  in  Tongue  parish,  Sutherland. 

DRUM,  railway  station  and  seat,  10 


miles  west-south- west  of  Aberdeen.  The 
surrounding  estate  was  part  of  a  royal 
forest,  and  passed  to  a  family  celebrated 
in  the  ballad  of  the  'Lairds  of  Drum.' 

DRUM,  lake,  covering  85  acres,  in 
Drumoak  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DRUM,  seat  in  Liberton  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

DRUM,  burn  in  Kilsyth  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

DRUMACHARGAN,  conical  hill  in  Moni- 
vaird  parish,  Perthshire. 

DRUMALBIN,  the  Central  Grampians, 
under  ancient  mistaken  notion  of  their 
being  a  continuous  range. 

DRUMALBIN,  hill  in  Carmichael  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

DRUMBAIG,  place  in  Assynt  parish, 
Sutherland.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  72  scholars. 

DRUMBATHIE,  suburb  of  Airdrie,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

DRUMBLADE,  parish  averagely  about  4 
miles  east  of  Huntly,  Aberdeenshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Huntly.  Its 
length  is  about  6  miles ;  its  breadth  from 
less  than  2  to  about  5  miles.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £8533.  Pop.  943. 
The  land  is  partly  flat,  and  partly  a 
diversity  of  small  hills  and  intervening 
vales.  The  only  seat  is  Lessendrum ; 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  rude  monu- 
ments associated  with  the  history  of  King 
Robert  Bruce.  The  churches  are  Established 
and  Free.  There  are  2  schools  with  ac- 
commodation for  150  scholars. 

DRUMBLAIR,  seat  in  Forgue  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

DRUMBROIDER,  hill  in  Muiravonside 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

DRUMBURN,  hamlet  in  Newabbey  par- 
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire. 

DRUMCARRO,  hill  in  Cameron  parish, 
Fife. 

DRUMCLAIR,  village  in  Slamannan  par- 
ish, Stirlingshire.    Pop.  252. 

DRUMCLOG,  moorland  locality,  7  miles 
west  of  Strathaven,  Lanarkshire.  It  was 
the  scene,  on  a  Sabbath  in  1679,  of  a 
famous  skirmish- victory  by  a  conventicle  of 
Covenanters  over  a  small  body  of  troopers 
under  Claverhouse ;  and  it  contains  a 
monument  commemorative  of  the  event, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Strathaven. 

DRUMCOLTRAN,  strong  old  tower  in 
Kirkgunzeon  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

DRUMDERFIT,  hill-ridge  in  Avoch  par- 
ish, Ross-shire. 

DRUMDERG,  hill,  1383  feet  high,  7  miles 
north-by- west  of  Blairgowrie,  Perthshire. 

DRUMDERG,  abrupt  prominent  hill, 
flanking  part  of  Loth  glen,  in  Loth  parish, 
Sutherland. 

DRUMDOLLO,  place  in  Ythan-Wells 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  90  scholars. 

DRUMDOUAN,  burn  in  Lumphanan 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DRUMDUAN,  seat  near  Forres,  Elgin- 
shire. 


DRU 


DRU 


DRUMELIE,  lake  in  Kinloch  parish, 
Perthshire. 

DRUMFIN,  seat  on  Mary's  Lake,  near 
Tobermory,  Argyleshire. 

DRUMGEITH,  place  on  north-east  side 
of  Dundee  parish,  Forfarshire.  It  has  a 
public  school  with  about  72  scholars. 

DRUMGELLOCH,  village  suburban  to 
Airdrie,  Lanarkshire. 

DRUMGLYE,  village  in  Glammis  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

DRUMIN,  ruined  old  castle  in  Inveraven 
parish,  Banffshire. 

DRUMINNOR3>old  mansion  in  Auchindoir 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DRUMKILBO,  seat  in  Meigle  parish, 
Perthshire. 

DRUMLAMFORD,  seat  in  Colmonell 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

DRUMLANRIG,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Buccleuch,  on  the  Nith,  3^  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Thornhill,  Dumfriesshire. 
It  was  erected  in  1679-89 ;  is  a  turretted, 
open  quadrangle,  in  the  style  characteristic 
of  Inigo  Jones;  presents  a  grand  appear- 
ance, as  seen  from  many  points  for  several 
miles  around ;  and  has  a  very  extensive 
and  richly  ornate  park. 

DRUMLEMBLE,  village,  4  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Campbelton,  Argyleshire.  It 
has  a  public  school  with  about  87  scholars. 

DRUMLEY,  seat  in  Tarbolton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

DRUMLITHIE,  village,  6  miles  south-west 
of  Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Fordoun,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, and  an  Episcopalian  church.  Pop.  239. 

DRUMLOCHAN,  burn,  running  to  the 
Findhorn,  in  Ardclach  parish,  Nairnshire. 

DRUMMELZIER,  parish,  with  church 
near  the  Tweed,  9  miles  south-west  of 
Peebles.  Its  post  town  is  Eachan  Mill, 
under  Biggar.  Its  length  is  13  miles  ;  its 
breadth  from  f  mile  to  5  miles ;  its  area 
17,948  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£4580.  Pop.  208.  The  surface  includes 
fine  haughs  and  strips  of  vale,  but  is 
mostly  mountainous.  Drummelzier  Castle 
was  the  baronial  fortalice  of  the  Tweedies, 
noticed  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  introduction 
to  The  Betrothed ;  but  is  now  a  fragment- 
ary ruin.  Traces  of  a  Boman  road  are 
on  one  of  the  mountains.  The  public 
school  has  about  44  scholars. 

DRUMMIETERMON,  village  in  Dun- 
nichen  parish,  Forfarshire. 

DRUMMOCHY,  village  in  Largo  parish, 
Fife. 

DRUMMOND,  village,  with  public  school, 
in  Kiltearn  parish.  Boss-shire. 

DRUMMOND,  wooded  hill,  with  gorgeous 
view,  and  with  remains  of  great  ancient 
Caledonian  fortifications,  in  vicinity  of 
Kenmore,  Perthshire. 

DRUMMOND,  hills  dividing  upper  vale 
of  Spey  from  Loch  Laggan,  in  Inverness- 
shire. 

DRUMMOND  CASTLE,  noble  mansion, 
2}  miles  south  of  Crieff,  Perthshire.  It 
was  the  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Perth ;  passed 


to  Lords  Willoughby  d'Eresby ;  is  variously 
old  and  modern ;  was  visited  in  1842  by 
Queen  Victoria ;  and  has  singularly  fine 
gardens  and  an  extensive  ornate  park. 

DRUMMOSSIE,  extensive  moor,  includ- 
ing battlefield  of  Culloden,  on  mutual 
border  of  Inverness  and  Dores  parishes, 
Inverness-shire. 

DRUMMUIR,  railway  station  between 
Auchindachy  and  Dufftown,  Banffshire. 

DRUMNADROCHIT,  place  at  mouth  of 
Glenurquhart,  near  Loch  Ness,  Inverness- 
shire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Inverness-shire,  and  a  large  inn. 

DRUMNAMURG,  estate  in  Killearnan 
parish,  Boss -shire. 

DRUMOAK,  parish  partly  in  Kincardine- 
shire, but  chiefly  in  Aberdeenshire.  It 
lies  averagely  about  11  miles  west-south- 
west of  Aberdeen,  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen,  and  contains  the  railway 
station  of  Drum.  Its  length  is  about  5^ 
miles ;  its  mean  breadth  about  2  miles  ; 
its  area  2026  acres  in  Kincardineshire,  and 
5202  in  Aberdeenshire.  Beal  property  in 
1880-81,  £1026  and  £4653.  Pop.  383  and  747. 
The  surface  includes  a  lake  of  85  acres, 
two  hills  about  430  and  500  feet  high,  and 
a  diversity  of  undulation,  slope,  and  vale. 
The  seats  are  Drum  and.  Park,  and  the 
chief  antiquity  is  Drum  tower.  The 
parochial  church  was  built  in  1836,  and  a 
Free  church  was  opened  in  1880.  The 
public  school  has  about  140  scholars. 

DRUMOCHY.    See  Dbummochy. 

DRUMORE,  village  and  ruined  castle 
in  Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigtonshire.  The 
village  stands  on  the  coast,  5  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Mull  of  Galloway,  and  has 
a  post  office,  designated  of  "Wigtonshire, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, a  small  harbour,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  179  scholars.    Pop.  522. 

DRUMORE,  small  lake  in  Kirkmichael 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

DRUMOUR,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Little  Dunkeld  parish,  Perthshire. 

DRUMPARK,  village  adjacent  to  Bar- 
geddie,  Lanarkshire. 

DRUMPELLIER,  coal-field  in  Old  Monk- 
land  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

DRUMRACK,  hill  in  Crail  parish,  Fife. 

DRUMRY,  estate,  with  remains  of  ancient 
chapel,  in  New  Kilpatrick  parish,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 

DRUMS,  village  in  Errol  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

DRUMSARGARD,  site  of  strong  ancient 
baronial  castle  in  Cambuslang  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

DRUMSLEET,  place  in  Troqueer  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  95  scholars. 

DRUMSTURDY,  village  in  Monifieth 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

DRUMTOCHTY,  seat  in  Fordoun  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

DRUMVAICH,  hamlet  in  Kilmadock 
parish,  Perthshire. 


DRU 


135 


DUD 


DRUNKIE,  seat  in  Port-of-Menteith  par- 
ish, and  lake  partly  also  in  Aberfoyle 
parish,  Perthshire. 

DRYBRIDGE,  railway  station,  5  miles 
west-south-west  of  Kilmarnock,  Ayrshire. 

DRYBRIDGE,  place  on  north-west  border 
of  Banffshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Fochabers. 

DRYBURGH,  estate,  with  noble  mansion 
and  interesting  ruined  abbey,  on  left  bank 
of  the  Tweed,  4  miles  south-east  of  Mel- 
rose. The  abbey  stands  on  or  near  the 
site  of  a  Culdee  cell ;  was  founded  in  12th 
century  by  Sir  Hugh  de  Morville,  Con- 
stable of  Scotland ;  suffered  repeated 
devastation  in  the  international  wars ; 
gave  rise  to  an  adjacent  town,  which  was 
devastated  with  it,  and  has  been  long 
extinct ;  is  itself  now  a  fragmentary  ruin, 
with  features  of  much  architectural  beauty ; 
and  contains  the  tomb  of  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

DRYBURN,  rivulet,  running  to  the  sea, 
at  4J  miles  south-east  of  Dunbar,  Hadding- 
tonshire. 

DRYBURN,  rivulet,  overlooked  by  re- 
mains of  ancient  Caledonian  temple,  in 
Bellie  parish,  Elginshire. 

DRYFE,  small  river,  running  16  miles 
south-south-westward  to  the  Annan,  at 
It?  mile  west  of  Lockerby,  Dumfriesshire. 
Its  banks,  in  its  lowmost  reach,  are  low 
and  flat,  bear  the  name  of  Dryfe  Sands, 
and  were  the  scene,  in  1593,  of  a  sanguin- 
ary fight  between  two  Border  clans. 

DRYFESDALE  (popularly  DRYSDALE), 
parish  containing  Lockerby  post  town  in 
Annandale,  Dumfriesshire.  Its  length  is 
1\  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  44;  miles ; 
its  area  10,231  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £18,148.  Pop.  2971.  The  north- 
eastern section  is  an  assemblage  of  verdant 
hills ;  the  other  sections  are  mostly  flat ; 
and  the  parts  in  the  west,  along  left  side 
of  Annan  river,  are  mostly  rich  alluvial 
land.  The  antiquities  comprise  vestiges 
of  five  strong  towers,  remains  of  eight 
ancient  camps,  variously  Caledonian  and 
Roman,  and  traces  of  great  Roman  road 
from  England  to  Clydesdale.  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches 
are  in  Lockerby.  There  are  2  public 
schools  for  693  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
for  600  was  erected  in  1875. 

DRYGRANGE,  seat,  bridge,  and  impos- 
ing railway  viaduct  on  the  Tweed,  2\ 
miles  east-by-north  of  Melrose. 

DRYHOPE,  quondam  massive  tower, 
now  existing  in  only  its  lower  part,  near 
foot  of  St.  Mary's  Loch,  Selkirkshire.  It 
was  the  birthplace  and  home  of  Mary 
Scott,  the  '  Flower  of  Yarrow.' 

DRYMEN,  village  and  parish  in  west  of 
Stirlingshire.  The  village  stands  5  miles 
west-south-west  of  Balfron,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Glasgow,  Established 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  2 
public  schools  with  about  117  scholars. 
Pop.  234.  —  The  parish  extends  from 
the  Forth  to  a  line  3f  miles  south  of  the 


most  southerly  reach  of  the  Endrick,  and 
measures  about  12  miles  in  length  and  9^ 
miles  in  greatest  breadth.  Acres,  30,850. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £25,005.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1431 ;  quoad  sacra,  764.  The 
surface  includes  some  fine  tracts  on  the 
Endrick,  but  is  mostly  mountain,  moor, 
and  moss.  The  parish  gives  name  to  the 
noble  family  of  Drummond,  and  contains, 
within  Drummond  barony,  some  remains  of 
a  Roman  fort ;  and  it  has  2  public  schools 
with  accommodation  for  206  scholars. 

DRYMEN  STATION,  railway  station,  2 
miles  east  of  Drymen  village,  Stirlingshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Glasgow. 

DRYNIE,  estate  in  Kilmuir-Wester 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

DRYSDALE.    See  Dryfesdale. 

DUALT,  deep  wooded  ravine,  with  a 
number  of  cascades,  in  Killearn  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

DUARD,  promontory  in  Lochbroom 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

DUART,  roofless,  but  otherwise  entire, 
strong  ancient  castle  on  bold  headland  in 
extreme  east  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 
It  was  the  seat  of  the  Macleans,  and  the 
scene  of  tragic  events  commemorated  in 
Joanna  Baillie's  Family  Legend,  and 
Thomas  Campbell's  Glenara. 

DUBBIESIDE,  or  INVERLEVEN,  suburb 
of  Leven  town,  Fife.  It  has  a  United 
Presbyterian  church.    Pop.  501. 

DUBBS,  rivulet,  running  from  Kilbirnie 
Loch  to  Castle-Semple  Loch,  Ayrshire  and 
Renfrewshire. 

DUBBS  CAULDRON,  cascade  on  ¥am- 
phray  rivulet,  Dumfriesshire. 

DUBFORD,  place  6  miles  east  of  Banff. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Banff. 

DUBLIN,  suburb  or  section  of  Kirkfield- 
bank  in  Leshmahagow  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

DUBTON,  seat  and  railway  junction 
station,  3  miles  west-north-west  of  Mon- 
trose, Forfarshire. 

DUCHALL,  seat  and  head-stream  of  the 
Gryfe  in  Kilmalcolm  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

DUCHOILLE,  farm,  with  ruined  Danish 
fort,  in  Glenorchy  parish,  Argyleshire. 

DUCHRAE,  seat  in  Balmaghie  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

DUCHRAY,  southern  head-stream  of  the 
Forth  in  Stirlingshire  and  Perthshire.  It 
rises  on  Benlomond,  and  runs  about  10 
miles  prevailingly  eastward  to  confluence 
with  the  other  head-stream  in  Aberfoyle 
parish ;  and  it  has,  on  its  right  bank, 
about  If  mile  from  the  confluence,  Duchray 
Castle,  the  former  stronghold  of  the 
Grahams. 

DUCHRAY,  lofty  hill,  with  lake  on  its 
summit,  in  Dunkeld  and  Dowally  parish, 
Perthshire. 

DUCRAIG,  rocky  islet  in  Firth  of  Forth, 
between  Limekilns  and  North  Queensferry, 
Fife. 

DUDDINGSTON,  village  and  parish  on 
seaboard  of  Edinburghshire.  The  village 
stands  at  south-east  base  of  Arthur's  Seat, 
about  2\  miles  south-east  of  General  Post 


DUD 


136 


DUXi 


Office,  Edinburgh  ;  contains  a  number  of 
genteel  residences ;  and  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Midlothian,  a  parochial 
church  with  about  370  sittings,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  81  scholars. 
Pop.  333. — The  parish  contains  also  three 
hamlets,  Joppa  village,  and  the  greater 
part  of  Portobello  town.  Its  length  is 
3^  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  about  1^ 
mile  ;  its  area  1731  acres.  Eeal  property, 
exclusive  of  Portobello,  in  1880-81, 
£13,547.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  10,436; 
quoad  sacra,  3414.  The  surface,  for  the 
most  part,  slopes  gently  from  the  base 
of  Arthur's  Seat  to  Firth  of  Forth,  but 
has  the  appearance  of  a  plain,  and  exhibits 
rich  culture  and  embellishment.  Dud- 
dingston  Loch,  immediately  south-west  of 
Duddingston  village,  measures  about  1£ 
mile  in  circuit,  is  enlivened  with  water- 
fowl, and  becomes  crowded  in  winter 
frost  with  disporters  on  the  ice.  Dud- 
dingston House,  about  ^  mile  to  the  east- 
south-east,  is  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Abercorn.  Six  churches  are  in  Portobello. 
Seven  schools  for  1358  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  1  of  them  for  700  is  new. 
Cauvin's  endowed  educational  hospital 
also  is  in  it. 

DUDDINGSTON,  seat  in  Abercorn  parish, 
Linlithgow. 

DUDHOPE,  quondam  large,  strong, 
ancient  castle,  on  skirt  of  Dundee  Law, 
adjacent  to  Dundee. 

DUDWICK,  hill,  572  feet  high,  4|  miles 
north  of  Ellon,  Aberdeenshire. 

DUFF  HOUSE,  chief  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Fife,  in  vicinity  of  Banff.  It  was  erected 
about  middle  of  last  century,  at  the  cost 
of  £70,000  ;  is  in  the  Koman-Corinthian 
style,  and  has  extensive  ornate  grounds. 

DUFF-KINNEL,  affluent  of  the  Kinnel, 
in  Johnstone  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

DUFFTOWN,  town  on  Fiddich  river,  11 
miles  south-west  of  Keith,  Banffshire.  It 
was  founded  in  1817 ;  it  stands  amid  a 
rich  mineral  field  ;  and  it  has  a  post  office 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Banffshire,  a  railway 
station,-2  banking  offices,  Established,  Free, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  2  public 
schools.    Pop.  1252. 

DUFFUS,  village  and  parish  on  coast  of 
Elginshire.  The  village  stands  5  miles 
north-west  of  Elgin,  is  neatly  edificed,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Elgin,  a  parochial 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
106  scholars. — The  parish  contains  also 
the  towns  of  Burghead  and  Hopeman, 
the  villages  of  Cummingston,  Roseisle, 
and  Kaim,  and  several  hamlets.  Its 
length  on  the  coast  is  5  miles ;  its  mean 
breadth  about  3  miles ;  its  area  9475 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £13,950. 
Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,3985;  quoad  sacra,  1909. 
The  surface,  with  exception  of  two  small 
eminences,  is  level.  Duffus  House  is  the 
seat  of  Sir  Archibald  Dunbar,  Bart. ; 
and  other  seats  are  Roseislehaugh  and 
Inverugie.     Duffus  Castle  is  a  ruined 


ancient  baronial  fortalice,  was  long  the 
seat  of  the  family  of  Sutherland,  and  gave 
them  the  peerage  title  of  baron  from  1650 
till  1843.  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches  are  in  Burghead. 
7  schools  for  838  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  2  of  them  and  an  enlargement 
for  360  are  new. 

DUGALSTONE,  estate,  with  lake,  in  New 
Kilpatrick  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

DUICH,  sea-loch,  about  5  miles  long, 
deflecting  south-eastward  from  head  of 
Loch  Alsh,  Ross-shire. 

DUIRINISH,parish,  containing  Dunvegan 
post  office  and  Stein  village,  in  south-west 
of  Skye,  Inverness-shire.  Its  length  is 
19  miles  ;  its  breadth  16  miles  ;  its  coast 
line,  including  sinuosities  but  excluding 
islets,  about  80  miles.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £7572.  Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  4319 ; 
quoad  sacra,  3297.  A  low  moorish  isthmus 
of  about  4  miles,  between  Loch  Griesher- 
nish  and  Loch  Carroy,  divides  the  parish 
from  the  rest  of  Skye  ;  a  large  peninsula, 
nearly  _  bisected  by  Loch  Dunvegan,  and 
much  indented  by  minor  sea-lochs,  forms 
its  main  body ;  and  a  number  of  islets 
and  insulated  rocks  are  within  its  limits. 
The  coast  has  many  bold  headlands  and 
lofty  cliffs,  and  exhibits  much  wildness 
and  grandeur.  The  section  south  of  Loch 
Dunvegan  is  Duirinish-proper,  and  that 
to  the  north  is  Vaternish.  Much  of  the 
ground  is  sloping  ;  a  few  tracts  are  level, 
but  almost  wholly  moss  ;  and  Glendale, 
about  2  miles  long,  is  a  pleasant  vale. 
The  two  tabular-topped  mountains  called 
Macleod's  Tables  are  a  prominent  feature. 
Very  numerous  caves  and  natural  arches 
are  on  the  coast.  The  seats  are  Dunvegan 
Castle,  Vaternish,  Orbost,  and  Griesher- 
nish  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  features 
of  Dunvegan  Castle,  fifteen  Scandinavian 
forts,  and  several  tumuli.  The  churches 
are  2  Established  and  1  Free.  8 
schools  for  699  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  6  of  them  for  600  are  new. 

DUIRINISH,  islet  in  Loch  Etive,  opposite 
Bunawe,  Argyleshire.    Pop.  24. 

DUIRNESS.    See  Durness. 

DUISK.    See  Dhuisk. 

DULCAPON,  detached  part  of  Dowally 
parish  on  Tummel  river,  Perthshire. 

DULL,  village  and  parish  in  Perthshire. 
The  village  stands  in  Appin  vale,  3  miles 
west  of  Aberfeldy ;  had  anciently  an  ab- 
thanery,  or  peculiar  kind  of  monastery,  with 
right  of  sanctuary ;  and  has  now  a  very 
ancient  market  cross,  a  parochial  church 
with  about  600  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  105  scholars.  —  The 
parish  contains  also  Amulree  village  and 
part  of  Aberfeldy  town.  It  comprises  5 
separate  districts,  and  is  so  intersected  by 
other  parishes  as  to  measure  about  30 
miles  from  end  to  end.  Its  area  is  63,417 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £19,807. 
Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  2565  ;  quoad  sacra, 
1997.  The  districts  are  Appin,  Grand- 
tully,  Amulree,  Foss,  and  Fincastle.  The 


DUL 


137 


DUM 


surface  comprises  every  variety  from  wild 
portions  of  the  Grampians  to  exquisite 
portion  of  the  Tay's  valley ;  and  is  diver- 
sified by  so  many  as  21  lakes.  The  seats 
are  Grandtully,  Foss,  Moness,  Cluny,  and 
Dercluich ;  and  the  antiquities  include 
several  standing-stones,  moats,  barrows, 
and  Pictish  forts,  and  an  ancient  Cale- 
donian stone  circle.  Churches  of  various 
denominations  are  at  Aberfeldy,  Amulree, 
Grandtully,  and  Tummel  -  Bridge  ;  and 
public  schools  are  at  Amulree,  Grandtully, 
and  Foss. 

DULLARY,  place,  with  chalybeate 
spring,  in  Parton  parish,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

DULLATUR,  bog,  traversed  by  Forth 
and  Clyde  Canal,  2  miles  east  of  Kilsyth, 
Stirlingshire.  Many  relics  of  the  battle  of 
Kilsyth  in  1645  were  found  in  it  at  the 
forming  of  the  canal. 

DULLEN,  rivulet  in  Mortlach  parish, 
Banffshire. 

DULNAIN,  river,  running  about  25 
miles  north-eastward  to  the  Spey,  at  2^ 
miles  above  Grantown,  in  Elginshire. 

DULNAIN  BRIDGE,  hamlet  on  the  Dul- 
nain,  in  Duthil  parish,  Inverness-shire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Grantown. 

DULSIE  BRIDGE,  romantic  bridge  on 
Findhorn  river,  in  Ardclach  parish,  Nairn- 
shire. 

DUMBARNIE.    See  Dunbaknet. 

DUMBARTON,  town,  castle,  and  parish 
in  Dumbartonshire.  The  town  stands  on 
low  flat  ground,  bisected  by  the  river 
Leverj,  f  mile  from  the  Clyde,  and  15| 
miles  north  -  west  -  by  -  west  of  Glasgow ; 
covers  the  site  of  the  Roman  naval  station 
Theodosia,  and  the  site  of  a  Culdee  cell ; 
shared  in  the  history  of  Dumbarton  Castle 
as  the  royal  seat  of  the  kingdom  of  Cum- 
bria or  Strathclyde  ;  is  now  a  seaport,  a 
royal  and  parliamentary  burgh,  and  the 
political  capital  of  Dumbartonshire  ;  unites 
with  Port-Glasgow,  Renfrew,  Rutherglen, 
and  Kilmarnock  in  sending  a  member  to 
Parliament ;  comprises  a  main  body  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Leven,  and  two  suburbs, 
old  and  new,  on  the  right  bank  ;  was 
designed  in  1876  to  undergo  extensive  im- 
provements in  its  streets  and  harbour,  and 
in  1881  to  acquire  an  eastern  suburb  with 
house  accommodation  for  about  2000 
families ;  was  long  distinguished  for  glass 
manufacture,  and  is  much  more  dis- 
tinguished now  for  shipbuilding;  pub- 
lishes 2  weekly  newspapers ;  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  a  railway  station, 
3  banking  offices,  2  hotels,  a  fine  town  hall 
of  1865,  a  long  costly  pier  of  1874-75,  a 
steepled  Established  church  of  1810,  a 
handsome  Free  church  of  1878,  another 
Free  church,  2  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  an  elegant  Episcopalian  church 
of  1873,  Evangelical  Union,  Baptist,  Wes- 
leyan,  and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a 
Mechanics'  Institute,  and  7  public  schools 
with  accommodation  for  1961  scholars. 


Real  property  in  1880-81,  £43,842.  Pop. 
13,786. — The  castle  stands  at  left  side  of 
the  Leven's  influx  to  the  Clyde ;  is  an 
isolated,  precipitous,  bi  forked  rock,  about 
a  mile  in  girth  at  the  base,  and  260  feet 
high,  partially  edificed  with  ramparts  and 
houses  ;  was  a  stronghold  probably  of  the 
Romans,  and  certainly  of  the  Romanized 
Strathclyde  Caledonians ;  has  been  a 
royal  fort  from  commencement  of  the 
Scoto- Saxon  monarchy  till  the  present 
time  ;  figured  much  and  often  in  national 
affairs  till  final  fall  of  Queen  Mary ;  was 
bereft  of  most  of  its  military  value  by  the 
invention  of  modern  artillery ;  and,  but  for 
a  stipulation  at  the  national  union  for 
its  being  permanently  maintained,  might 
have  long  ago  been  entirely  relinquished 
as  a  fort. — The  parish  excludes  the  town's 
suburbs,  measures  about  1\  by  3|  miles,  and 
comprises  8291  acres.  Real  property  of 
landward  part  in  1880-81,  £38,820.  Pop. 
10,898.  The  land  for  some  distance  from 
the  town  and  castle  is  low  and  flat,  but 
about  the  middle  rises  steeply  into  the 
Lennox  Hills,  and  in  the  farther  end  is 
bleakly  moorish.  No  school  is  in  the 
landward  part,  and  1  of  the  schools  in  the 
town  for  350  scholars  is  new. 

DUMBARTONSHIRE,  county,  partly 
maritime  but  principally  inland,  in  west 
of  Scotland.  It  comprises  a  main  body 
and  a  detached  district ;  and  it  is  high- 
land in  the  one  end,  lowland  in  the 
other  end,  and  a  rich  mixture  of  the 
two  in  the  centre.  The  main  body  begins 
around  the  head  of  Loch  Lomond ;  includes 
that  lake's  west  side  and  foot,  and  all  the 
country  thence  to  Loch  Long,  the  Clyde, 
and  the  Endrick  ;  goes  eastward  on  the 
Clyde  and  among  the  Lennox  Hills  to 
Kelvin  river,  at  a  point  3£  miles  north- 
west of  Glasgow  ;  and  is  35  miles  long,  and 
from  2  to  15  miles  broad.  The  detached 
district  commences  at  3f  miles  east  of 
nearest  part  of  the  main  body ;  extends 
east  -  by  -  northward  along  the  strath  of 
Forth  and  Clyde  Canal ;  was  annexed  to 
the  county  in  the  time  of  Robert  I.  ;  and 
is  13  miles  long,  and  from  If  mile  to  \\ 
miles  broad.  The  entire  area  is  270  square 
miles.  The  surface  ranges  from  grandly 
mountainous  westward  of  Loch  Lomond, 
to  tamely  flat  along  the  Forth  and  Clyde 
Canal.  The  rocks  range  from  the  meta- 
morphic  to  the  carboniferous,  and  include 
roofing-slate  and  abundance  of  coal,  lime- 
stone, and  building  stone.  The  maritime 
waters  are  Loch  Long  and  the  Firth  of 
Clyde  on  the  boundary,  and  Gareloch 
in  the  interior.  The  fresh-water  lakes, 
apart  from  Loch  Lomond,  are  all  small, 
but  an  interesting  one  of  them  is  Loch 
Sloy.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Endrick, 
the  Clyde,  and  the  Kelvin  on  the  boun- 
daries ;  and  the  Leven  and  the  Allander 
in  the  interior ;  but  many  of  the  smaller 
streams,  especially  those  among  the  moun- 
tains, possess  much  scenic  character.  Ag- 
riculture is  advanced  and  skilful ;  and 


DUM 


138 


DUM 


manufacturing  industry,  particularly  on 
the  Leven,  is  prominent.  The  towns 
with  each  more  than  4000  inhabitants  are 
Dumbarton,  Kirkintilloch,  Helensburgh, 
and  Alexandria ;  with  each  more  than 
2000  are  Renton  and  Bonhill ;  with  each 
more  than  1000  are  Duntocher,  Cumber- 
nauld, and  J amestown ;  and  the  villages 
with  each  more  than  300  are  Old  Kil- 
patrick,  Bowling,  Garscube,  Knightswood, 
Garscadden,  Condorrat,  Faifley,  Row, 
Smithstown-Row,  Waterside,  Kilcreggan, 
Garelochhead,  Milton,  Dalmuir,  Cardross, 
Balloch,  and  parts  of  Yoker  and  Lenzie. 
The  ancient  county  bore  the  name  of 
Lennox,  but  included  tracts  now  in  Stir- 
lingshire, Perthshire,  and  Renfrewshire ; 
and  it  abounded  in  conflicts  between  the 
Caledonians  and  the  Romans,  the  Scots 
and  the  Picts,  the  Cumbrians  and  the 
Saxons,  the  Highland  clans  among  them- 
selves, the  Caterans  and  the  Lowlanders, 
and  parties  against  parties  in  the  Scottish 
civil  wars.  The  chief  antiquities  within 
the  modern  county  are  vestiges  of  An- 
toninus' Wall,  Roman  remains  at  Dun- 
tocher and  Cumbernauld,  and  rude  forts, 
tumuli,  and  ruined  old  castles  in  many 
places.  The  value  of  real  property  in 
1880-81,  exclusive  of  railways  and  canals, 
was  £336,745.  Pop.  in  1871,  58,857 ;  in 
1881,  78,327. 

DUMBENNAN,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
Huntly,  Aberdeenshire. 

DUMBRECK,  seat  near  south-western 
outskirts  of  Glasgow. 

DUMBROCH,  lake  and  bleachfield  in 
Strathblane  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

DUMBUCK,  village,  seat,  and  hill,  ad- 
jacent to  the  Clyde,  about  a  mile  east  of 
Dumbarton  Castle.  The  hill  stoops  pre- 
cipitously to  the  plain,  overawes  the 
castle,  and  commands  a  grand  view. 

DUMBUILS,  low  craggy  hill,  with  re- 
mains of  ancient  fort,  and  with  very  fine 
view,  in  Foi'gandenny  parish,  Perthshire. 

DUMCRIEFF,  a  seat  of  Lord  Rollo,  If 
mile  east-north-east  of  Moffat,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

DUMFIN,  round  hill,  with  traces  of 
ancient  fortification,  fabled  to  have  been  a 
stronghold  of  Fingal,  4  miles  north-north- 
east of  Helensburgh,  Dumbartonshire. 

DUMFRIES,  town  and  parish  on  south- 
west border  of  Dumfriesshire.  The  town 
stands  on  the  Nith,  71  miles  by  road,  but 
89f  miles  by  railway,  south -by -west  of 
Edinburgh ;  is  environed  by  rich,  exten- 
sive, hill-screened  plain ;  dates  from  at 
least  the  time  of  William  the  Lion,  but 
may  have  sprung  from  a  village  so  early 
as  the  8th  century  ;  had  an  ancient  strong 
castle  which  figured  much  in  the  succes- 
sion al  and  international  wars  ;  contained 
an  ancient  Franciscan  friary,  in  which 
Robert  Bruce  slew  the  RedComyn ;  suffered 
severely  from  English  forces  in  1448,  1536, 
and  1570 ;  underwent  rapid  change  of  cha- 
racter from  the  times  of  Border  contests 
to  the  times  of  peaceful  industry ;  ranks 


now  as  the  political  capital  of  Dumfries- 
shire, a  seat  of  justiciary  courts,  the  busi- 
ness centre  of  the  south-western  counties, 
and  a  royal  and  parliamentary  burgh ; 
unites  with  Annan,  Lochmaben,  Sanquhar, 
and  Kirkcudbright  in  sending  a  member 
to  Parliament ;  includes,  as  a  parliament- 
ary burgh,  the  Kirkcudbrightshire  Max- 
welltown,  separated  from  it  only  by  the 
Nith ;  measures  in  itself  about  a  mile  in 
length  along  the  river,  and  about  3  furlongs 
in  greatest  breadth  ;  comprises  a  many- 
featured  main  street,  several  handsome 
new  streets,  and  a  number  of  old  ones ; 
carries  on  a  brisk  market  trade  and  ex- 
tensive woollen  manufacture ;  publishes  3 
newspapers,  1  of  them  weekly,  the  others 
twice  a-week ;  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  a  very  fine  railway 
station,  7  banking  offices,  4  hotels,  a  large 
modern  town  hall,  a  curious  steepled  block 
of  buildings  which  contained  the  old  town 
hall,  grand  county  buildings  erected  in 
1863-66,  the  south-western  counties'  central 
prison,  projected  in  1881,  the  southern  coun- 
ties' club-house,  built  in  187 4,  a  fine  theatre, 
mostly  rebuilt  in  1876,  a  curious  bridge  of 
the  13th  century,  a  neat  bridge  of  1794, 
a  foot  suspension-bridge  of  1876,  an  old 
monument  of  the  Duke  of  Queensberry,  a 
monument  of  Burns,  erected  in  1881,  a 
beautiful  steepled  Established  church  of 
1866-68,  2  other  steepled  Established 
churches,  3  Free  churches,  3  United  Pres- 
byterian churches,  a  steepled  Episcopalian 
church  of  1867-69,  a  steepled  Roman 
Catholic  church,  renovated  in  1879,  a 
Baptist  church  of  1880,  Congregational, 
Evangelical  Union,  Wesleyan,  and  Catholic 
Apostolic  churches,  a  large  public  academy 
of  1802,  2  costly  public  schools  of  1876,  a 
large  church-like  mechanics'  institute,  a 
spacious  costly  infirmary  of  1869-72,  the 
southern  counties'  asylum,  erected  from  a 
bequest  of  more  than  £100,000  by  Dr. 
Crichton  of  Friar's  Carse,  with  intention 
of  its  being  a  university,  a  remarkably 
crowded  cemetery,  containing  the  mauso- 
leum of  the  poet  Burns,  and,  near  that 
cemetery,  the  house  in  which  Burns  spent 
his  last  years  and  died.  Pop.  of  parlia- 
mentary burgh,  17,090. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  the  villages  of  Gasstown,  Stoop, 
Locharbriggs,  and  Lochthorn.  Its  length 
is  8  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  3  miles  ; 
its  area  10,032  acres.  Real  property  of 
landward  part  in  1880-81,  £20,456.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  16,838 ;  quoad  sacra,  6815. 
Most  of  the  surface,  excepting  part  of  a 
low  hill-ridge  in  the  south,  is  nearly  level. 
A  strip  of  Lochar  moss  is  on  the  eastern 
border.  Several  small  lakes  are  near  the 
centre.  The  principal  rock  is  red  sand- 
stone. Numerous  handsome  villas  are 
near  the  town.  13  schools  for  2904 
scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  2  of  them 
for  900  are  new. 

DUMFRIES-GREYFRIARS,  quoad  sacra 
parish,  with  church,  in  Dumfries.  Pop. 
4259. 


DUM 


19 


DUN 


DUMFRIES  HOUSE,  a  seat  of  the  Marquis 
of  Bute,  who  also  is  Earl  of  Dumfries,  on 
Lugar  river,  in  Old  Cumnock  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

DUMFRIES  ST.  MARY,  quoad  sacra 
parish,  with  church,  in  Dumfries.  Pop. 
6764. 

DUMFRIESSHIRE,  border  county, 
bounded  by  Kirkcudbrightshire,  Ayrshire, 
Lanarkshire,  Peeblesshire,  Selkirkshire, 
Roxburghshire,  England,  and  the  Solway 
Firth.  Its  length  is  55  miles  ;  its  breadth 
32  miles  ;  its  coast-line  22  miles  ;  its  circuit 
about  177  miles ;  its  area  1103  square  miles. 
Its  outline  is  irregularly  ellipsoidal,  with 
the  greater  diameter  in  a  direction  nearly 
south-east-by-east.  Its  surface,  in  a  general 
view,  is  a  broad  mountainous  border  cloven 
with  vales,  a  central  plain  intersected  by 
hills,  and  a  low  flat  seaboard  partly  occupied 
by  Lochar  moss.  The  mountains  rise  to 
watersheds  with  all  the  contiguous  Scottish 
counties ;  include  whole  or  part  of  the 
largest  masses  and  loftiest  summits  of  the 
Southern  Highlands ;  are  mostly  acclivi- 
tous,  and  either  conical,  round-backed,  or 
tabular ;  and  have  none  of  the  craggy, 
rugged,  peaked  features  so  common  among 
the  Grampians.  The  central  region  ex- 
hibits every  variety  of  dell,  valley,  slope, 
undulation,  brae,  hill-ridge,  and  moorland, 
and  forms  many  a  charming  landscape. 
The  seaboard  is  remarkable  for  luxuriant 
corn-land,  partly  for  reclamations  on  Sol- 
way  moss,  partly  for  the  features  graphic- 
ally described  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Red- 
gauntlet.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Nith, 
the  Annan,  and  the  Esk ;  and  these 
occasion  the  county  to  be  divided,  in 
popular  nomenclature,  into  the  3  districts 
of  Nithsdale,  Annandale,  and  Eskdale. 
The  principal  lakes  are  the  group  around 
Lochmaben.  The  chief  useful  minerals 
are  red  sandstone,  limestone,  a  little  coal, 
and  some  iron-ore.  Agricultural  improve- 
ment was  scarcely  known  till  1760,  but 
eventually  made  rapid  progress,  and  is 
now  highly  advanced.  Commerce  is  com- 
paratively limited,  and  deals  mainly  in 
the  export  of  land  produce.  Manufactures 
also  are  limited,  but  have  latterly  become 
prominent  in  woollens  in  Dumfries.  The 
towns  with  each  more  than  2000  inhabitants 
are  Dumfries,  Annan,  and  Langholm  ;  the 
towns  with  each  more  than  1000  are 
Lockerby,  Moffat,  Lochmaben,  Sanquhar, 
and  Thornhill ;  and  the  principal  villages 
are  Minniehive,  Wanlockhead,  Eccle- 
fechan,  Eaglesfield,  Gasstown,  Kirkconnel, 
Collin,  Bridekirk,  Hightae,  Penpont,  Park, 
Springfield,  and  Stoop.  The  county  was 
inhabited  by  the  Caledonian  Selgovae,  re- 
tains many  monuments  of  their  conquest 
by  the  Romans,  was  largely  overrun  by 
the  Scoto-Irish  or  Dalriadans,  figured, 
much  in  the  Saxon  invasion,  the  wars  of 
the  Succession,  the  wars  with  England, 
and  the  Border  feuds,  and  has  numerous 
monuments  of  all  the  times  down  to  those 
of  the  feudal.    Real  property  in  1880-81, 


£546,609.  Pop.  in  1871,  74,808 ;  in  1881, 
76,124. 

DUMGREE,  old  parish,  now  united  chiefly 
to  Kirkpatrick-Juxta  and  partly  to  John- 
stone, Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  public 
school. 

DUMROOF,  sandbank  in  Solway  Firth, 
6|-  miles  south-south-west  of  Southerness, 
Kirkcud  bright  shire. 

DUN,  parish,  containing  Bridge  of  Dun 
railway  station,  in  north-east  of  Forfar- 
shire. Its  post  town  is  Montrose.  Its 
length  is  5  miles ;  its  extreme  breadth 
nearly  3  miles  ;  its  area  4306  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £9840.  Pop.  541. 
The  South  Esk  and  Montrose  lagoon  form 
the  southern  boundary.  The  surface  is 
low  and  flat  adjacent  to  these,  rises  gently 
and  gradually  thence  to  about  the  centre, 
and  is  flat  toward  the  north.  Dun's  Dish 
is  a  lake  of  about  40  acres.  Dun  House  is 
a  chief  residence.  The  public  school  has 
about  126  scholars. 

DUNACHTON,  estate  in  Alvie  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

DUNAGOIL,  small  bay  and  headland, 
with  traces  of  vitrified  fort,  in  south-west 
of  Bute  Island,  Buteshire. 

DUNAIN,  seat  and  quondam  fortalice 
in  Inverness  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

DUNALISTER,  hamlet  and  quondam 
seat  of  the  Robertsons  of  Struan,  3^ 
miles  west  of  Tummel-Bridge,  Perthshire. 
The  hamlet  has  a  post  office  with  telegraph 
designated  of  Perthshire. 

DUNAMARLE,  quondam  castle  on  site 
of  Castlehill  House,  in  vicinity  of  Culross, 
Perthshire.  It  belonged  to  the  Thanes 
of  Fife,  and  was  the  place  of  the  murder 
of  Lady  Macduff  by  order  of  Macbeth. 

DUNAN,  bold  promontory  in  Lochbroom 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

DUNAN-RANNOCH,  place  of  sanguinary 
clan  fight  in  Fortingal  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

DUNANS,  seat  near  head  of  Glendaruel, 
in  Cowal,  Argyleshire. 

DUNARDARY,  hill  in  North  Knapdale 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

DUNAVERTY,  bay,  village,  and  pyra- 
midal headland  at  southern  extremity  of 
Kintyre,  Argyleshire.  A  strong  castle  of 
the  Lords  of  the  Isles  stood  on  the  head- 
land, gave  refuge  to  Robert  Bruce,  suffered 
siege  and  capture  by  General  Leslie,  and 
has  been  almost  wholly  effaced. 

DUNBAR,  town  and  parish  on  east  coast 
of  Haddingtonshire.  The  town  stands 
adjacent  to  rocky  shore  and  sea  crags,  29£ 
miles  east  of  Edinburgh ;  dates  from  at 
least  the  middle  of  9th  century  ;  became 
the  seat  of  the  immigrant  Northumbrian 
prince,  Cospatrick,  in  the  time  of  Malcolm 
Canmore  ;  acquired  then  the  basement  of 
a  great  castle,  so  arranged  as  to  be  palatial, 
and  so  strong  as  to  be  deemed  impregnable  ; 
was  the  scene  of  many  martial  exploits  in 
connection  with  that  castle  ;  gave  name 
to  two  great  battles  fought  near  it  in  1296 
and  1650  ;  was  the  landing-place  of  Sir 


DUN 


140 


DUN 


John  Cope  in  1745  on  eve  of  the  battle  of 
Prestonpans ;  retains  little  trace  of  an- 
tiquity except  remnants  of  its  castle ; 
ranks  as  a  seaport  and  a  royal  and  parlia- 
mentary burgh  ;  unites  with  Haddington, 
North  Berwick,  Lauder,  and  J edburgh  in 
sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  com- 
prises a  spacious,  well-built,  principal 
street,  and  parallel  smaller  ones  ;  and  has 
a  head,  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
fine  railway  station,  3  banking  offices,  2 
hotels,  assembly  rooms,  a  quondam  noble 
mansion,  now  a  barrack,  an  artificial  har- 
bour, serving  for  both  commerce  and 
refuge,  recently-formed  waterworks,  an 
elegant  parochial  church,  a  Free  church,  2 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  "Wesleyan 
and  Episcopalian  churches,  and  3  public 
schools  ;  and  gave  the  title  of  earl  to  the 
descendants  of  Cospatrick  till  1435,  the 
same  title  to  George  Home  from  1605  till 
1611,  and  the  title  of  viscount  to  the 
family  of  Constable  from  1620  till  1721. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £13,749.  Pop. 
3657. — The  castle  stood  on  a  lofty,  rugged 
sea-rock,  at  north  end  of  the  town ;  went 
to  the  Crown  by  forfeiture  in  1435 ;  was 
afterwards  the  occasional  residence  of 
several  kings,  the  death  place  of  the  queen 
of  James  I.,  and  at  different  times  the 
residence,  the  refuge,  and  the  prison  of 
Queen  Mary ;  underwent  extensive  de- 
molition, by  order  of  Parliament,  in  1567  ; 
and  is  now  represented  by  some  strong 
defaced  ruins,  which  Sir  Walter  Scott 
described  in  his  Provincial  Antiquities. — 
The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Belhaven,  East  Barns,  and  West  Barns, 
and  comprises  a  main  body  and  a  detached 
district.  The  main  body  extends  6f  miles 
along  the  coast,  and  is  from  about  1  mile 
to  3|  miles  broad.  The  detached  district 
commences  about  4|  miles  south-west  of 
the  town,  lies  wholly  among  the  Lammer- 
moors,  and  measures  about  4  miles  by  2|. 
Acres  of  the  whole,  7497.  Real  property, 
inclusive  of  the  burgh,  in  1880-81,  £37,380. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  5396;  quoad  sacra, 
4041.  The  surface  of  the  main  body 
ascends  gradually  from  the  sea  toward  the 
Lammermoors,  rises  nowhere  higher  than 
about  700  feet,  presents  a  pleasing  variety 
of  hill  and  dale,  and  is  noted  for  the 
fertility  of  its  soil.  The  chief  residences 
are  Broxmouth  Park,  Lochend,  Belton, 
and  Heatherwick.  A  quoad  sacra  parish 
church  is  at  Belhaven.  9  schools  for  1210 
scholars  are  within  the  quoad  civilia 
parish,  and  1  of  them  and  enlargements 
for  475  are  new. 

DUNBARNEY,  parish,  containing  the 
post  office  village  of  Bridge  of  Earn,  and 
the  village  of  Kintillo,  in  south-east  of 
Perthshire.  It  measures  about  4  miles, 
both  in  length  and  in  greatest  breadth, 
and  comprises  4060  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £13,870.  Pop.  756.  The 
surface  is  intersected  by  the  Earn,  includes 
Moncrieff  Hill,  approaches  the  Ochils,  and 
exhibits  remarkable  beauty.     The  seats 


are  Dunbarney  House,  Kilgraston,  and 
Ballendrick.  The  church  contains  650 
sittings ;  and  the  public  school  is  new, 
and  has  accommodation  for  180  scholars. 

DUNBARROW,  detached  district  of 
Dunnichen  parish,  Forfarshire.  A  hill  of 
its  own  name,  about  700  feet  high,  is  in 
it,  and  was  formerly  crowned  with  a  fort. 

DUNBEATH,  bay,  rivulet,  village,  and 
seat  in  Latheron  parish,  Caithness.  The 
bay  lies  20  miles  south-west  of  Wick,  and 
is  small,  but  forms  a  good  fishing-station. 
The  rivulet  runs  about  7  miles  south- 
eastward to  the  bay's  head.  The  village 
stands  at  the  rivulet's  mouth,  is  an  ancient 
place,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Wick,  an  inn,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  100  scholars.  The  seat  is  in  the 
southern  vicinity  of  the  village,  and  in- 
cludes an  ancient  baronial  fortalice,  which 
was  captured  and  garrisoned  in  1650  by 
the  Marquis  of  Montrose. 

DUNBLANE,  town  and  parish  on  south 
border  of  Perthshire.  The  town  stands  on 
Allan  river,  and  on  Caledonian  Railway 
at  deflexion  of  the  line  to  Callander,  5 
miles  north  of  Stirling.  It  sprang  from  a 
Culdee  cell,  became  the  seat  of  a  bishopric 
in  the  time  of  David  I. ,  flourished  through- 
out the  Romish  times,  declined  after  the 
Reformation,  and  underwent  some  modern 
revival.  It  figures  much  in  connection 
with  the  famous  Bishop  Leighton,  and 
with  Tannahill's  song  of  '  Jessie  the 
Flower  of  Dunblane.'  It  strove  to  be- 
come a  watering-place  in  virtue  of  two 
mineral  wells  about  1£  mile  to  the  north, 
but  could  not  compete  with  the  more 
attractive  Bridge  of  Allan ;  yet,  with  good 
accommodations,  a  grand  hydropathic 
establishment  of  1878,  picturesque  en- 
virons, and  a  salubrious  climate,  it  draws 
numerous  summer  visitors.  It  consists 
chiefly  of  narrow  streets,  presents  a 
mixedly  old  and  modern  aspect,  and  is 
skirted  with  some  good  villas ;  it  ranks 
as  a  police  burgh,  and  as  the  seat  of  courts 
for  the  southern  division  of  Perthshire ; 
and  it  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  a  railway  station,  2  bank- 
ing offices,  a  hotel,  public  reading  and 
amusement  rooms,  a  public  library  be- 
queathed by  Bishop  Leighton,  a  cathedral, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and  Episco- 
palian churches,  and  a  public  school.  The 
cathedral  was  begun  in  early  part  of  the 
12th  century,  but  not  completed  till  the 
16th ;  and  it  consists  of  nave,  side  tower, 
choir,  and  chapter  -  house.  The  nave 
measures  130  feet  in  length,  58  in  breadth, 
and  50  in  height ;  is  all  in  the  early 
pointed  style  ;  has  8  bays,  north  and  south 
aisles,  a  beautifully  shafted  clerestory, 
and  a  very  fine  west  window  ;  and  is  now 
entirely  roofless,  but  may  probably  undergo 
restoration.  The  tower  stands  near  the 
south  portal  of  the  nave,  is  early  Norman, 
and,  with  a  small  spire,  rises  to  the  height 
of  128  feet.    The  choir  measures  80  feet  in 


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141 


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length,  30  in  breadth,  and  48  in  height ;  is 
all  likewise  in  the  early  pointed  style ; 
includes,  on  its  north  side,  what  is  called 
the  chapter-house ;  has  been  used  since 
the  Reformation  as  the  parish  church ; 
and  was  renovated  in  1873.  Pop.  of  the 
town,  2186.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
the  villages  of  Kinbuck,  Balhaddie,  Butter- 
gask,  Greenloaning,  and  Rottearn.  Its 
length  is  about  9  miles  ;  its  breadth  about 
6  miles ;  its  area  18,543  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £27,727.  Pop.  3123. 
The  surface  includes  a  skirt  of  the  Ochil 
Hills  in  the  east,  the  middle  or  main  part 
of  Strathallan  in  the  centre,  and  a  skirt  of 
the  Braes  of  Doune  in  the  west.  The  hill 
tracts  are  mostly  bleak  and  moorish  ;  and 
those  in  the  east  comprise  Sheriffmuir,  the 
scene  of  the  famous  battle  in  1715.  The 
strath  tracts  are  much  diversified,  but 
present  many  amenities  and  much  beauty ; 
and  one  near  the  town,  but  partly  beyond 
the  parish,  exhibits  a  gorge  somewhat 
similar  to  the  Trossachs.  The  chief  seats 
are  Keir  and  Kippendavie.  3  schools 
for  519  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  en- 
largements of  them  for  259  are  new. 

DUNBOG,  parish,  with  church  3 J  miles 
east-by-south  of  Newburgh,  in  Fife.  Its 
post  town  is  Newburgh.  Acres,  2324. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £3866.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  219 ;  quoad  sacra,  386.  The 
surface  consists  of  two  hill-ridges  and  an 
intervening  vale.  The  chief  residence  is 
Dunbog  House ;  and  the  antiquities  are 
the  site  of  a  monastic  preceptory,  and 
the  ruin  of  Collairnie  Castle.  The  public 
school  has  about  64  scholars. 
DUN  BRIDGE.  See  Bridge  of  Dun. 
DUNCANSBURGH,  quoad  sacra  parish 
within  Kilmalie  quoad  civilia  parish,  In- 
verness-shire. A  new  church  for  it,  in 
Fort-William  town,  was  founded  in  1881. 
Pop.  1962. 

DUNCANSBY,  promontory  at  north- 
east extremity  of  the  Scottish  mainland. 
It  is  massive,  bold,  and  circular ;  measures 
about  2  miles  in  circumference ;  presents 
a  rugged,  fissured,  precipitous  face  to  the 
sea ;  has  on  its  summit  remains  of  an 
ancient  watch-tower ;  and  commands  there 
a  very  grand  view.  Two  insulated  rocks, 
called  the  Stacks  of  Duncansby,  are  near 
the  promontory,  and  look  like  great  pointed 
towers ;  and  a  narrow  strait,  called  the 
Bears  of  Duncansby,  is  between  it  and 
them,  and  has  usually  a  tremendous  rush 
and  tumult  of  billows.  A  village  of  Dun- 
cansby adjoins  the  promontory.   Pop.  398. 

DUNCANSTONE,  place  near  Insch,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Insch, 
and  a  Congregational  chapel. 

DUNCANSTOWN,  place  near  Conan- 
Bridge,  in  south-east  of  Ross.  It  has  a 
post  office  designated  of  Ross-shire. 

DUN-CHARLOWAY,  ancient  circular  for- 
tification in  Lochs  parish,  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

DUNCHIFIE,  ancient  strong  fortification 
on  Gigha  Island,  Argyleshire. 


DUNCHUAICH,  hill,  witli  vestiges  of  old 
fort,  near  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 

DUNCOMB,  hill,  with  magnificent  view, 
in  Old  Kilpatrick  parish,  Dumbarton- 
shire. 

DUNCOW,  burn  and  village  in  Kirkmahoe 
parish,  Dumfriesshire.  The  burn  runs 
about  6^  miles  southward  to  the  Nith  at 
3  miles  north  of  Dumfries.  The  village 
stands  on  the  burn  2  miles  from  its 
mouth ;  gave  a  night's  lodging  in  a  cottage 
to  James  v.  on  occasion  of  an  angry  visit 
to  the  neighbourhood ;  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Dumfries,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  81  scholars. 

DUNCRAGGAN,  place,  figuring  in  Lady 
of  the  Lake,  the  first  stage  of  the  fiery 
cross,  6  miles  west  of  Callander,  Perth- 
shire. The  New  Trossachs  Hotel  stood 
adjacent  to  it,  and  was  burnt  about  1867. 

DUNCRUIB,  seat  of  Lord  Rollo  in  Dun- 
ning parish,  Perthshire. 

DUNCRUIN,  picturesque  hill,  with  pin- 
nacled summit  and  grand  view,  in  Kil- 
maronock  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

DUNDAFF,  eastern  part  of  Lennox  Hills, 
averagely  6|  miles  south-south-west  of 
Stirling.  It  gives  the  title  of  viscount  to 
the  Duke  of  Montrose. 

DUNDAFF,  faU,  of  about  10  feet,  on  the 
Clyde,  a  little  above  New  Lanark. 

DUNDALAR,  conical  hill,  with  remark- 
able rude  ancient  fortress,  about  12  miles 
west  of  Kingussie,  Inverness-shire. 

DUNDARDIL,  hill  at  side  of  Loch  Ness, 
in  Dores  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

DUNDARGUE,  ruined  castle  on  coast  of 
Aberdour  parish,  Fife.  It  figured  in  the 
wars  of  the  succession. 

DUNDARROW,  ruined  old  castle  on  Loch 
Fyne  side,  4  miles  north-east  of  Inverary, 
Argyleshire. 

DUNDAS,  seat,  1|  mile  south-south-west 
of  Queensferry,  Linlithgowshire.  It  is  a 
massive  castellated  edifice,  partly  ancient, 
and  was  recently  enlarged ;  and  its 
grounds  are  ornate,  and  were  much  im- 
proved in  1880. 

DUNDAVIOT,  hill,  formerly  a  signal 
post,  in  Daviot  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

DUNDEE,  town  and  parish  on  south 
border  of  Forfarshire.  The  town  stands 
on  Firth  of  Tay,  9J  miles  west  of  Buddon- 
ness,  and  21^  east-north-east  of  Perth  ; 
dates  from  ancient  times,  but  never  till 
quite  a  modern  period  became  large,  and 
now,  as  to  both  population  and  aggregate 
importance,  is  the  third  town  in  Scotland. 
It  figures  historically  in  connection  with 
Prince  David  of  Huntingdon,  Edward  I. 
of  England,  Sir  William  Wallace,  the 
Duke  of  Lancaster  in  1385,  the  Re- 
former Wishart,  the  Marquis  of  Montrose, 
General  Monck,  and  Graham  of  Claver- 
house;  it  was  visited  by  James  v.,  Queen 
Mary,  James  VI.,  Charles  II.,  and  Queen 
Victoria ;  and  it  gave  the  titles  of  viscount 
and  earl  for  some  time  to  the  family  of 
Scrymseour,  and  that  of  viscount  after- 
wards to  Graham  of  Claverhouse.  Its 


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142 


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site  is  partly  low  ground  adjacent  to  the 
shore,  and  partly  slopes  and  undulations 
ascending  toward  the  overhanging  hills  of 
Dundee  Law  and  Balgay.  The  entire 
town,  till  after  the  commencement  of  the 
present  century,  stood  on  the  low  ground, 
and  was  dense,  irregular,  and  unpleasant ; 
but  the  town  now  extends  far  beyond  its 
old  limits  ;  shows  a  larger  proportion  of 
architectural  improvement  than  any  other 
considerable  Scottish  town ;  includes  many 
spacious,  regular,  well-built  quarters ;  and, 
as  seen  from  the  firth  or  from  the  opposite 
shore,  looks  very  beautiful.  Its  old  High 
Street,  of  form  and  size  to  seem  almost 
like  a  square,  has  been  so  renovated  and 
constructed  as  to  look  brightly  modern. 
Reform  Street,  striking  thence  to  the 
north,  and  some  other  modern  streets,  are 
as  handsome  as  portions  of  the  New  Town 
of  Edinburgh.  Some  of  the  outskirts  are 
dingy  ;  but  those  in  the  west,  and  parts  of 
those  in  the  north,  are  studded  with  villas 
and  large  ornate  buildings.  The  eastern 
public  park,  about  a  mile  north-east  of 
High  Street,  comprises  about  38  acres  in 
form  of  landscape  garden,  and  was  pro- 
vided by  the  Baxters  at  a  cost  of  £50,000. 
Dundee  Law,  immediately  north  of  the 
town,  is  a  verdant  domical  hill,  572  feet 
high,  and  commands  a  gorgeous  view. 
Balgay,  a  lower  hill  a  little  to  the  west, 
commands  much  of  the  same  view,  and 
contains  the  western  public  park,  of 
nearly  86  acres,  formed  in  1871. 

The  town  is  a  royal  and  parliamentary 
burgh,  sending  two  members  to  Parliament, 
a  seat  of  justiciary  courts,  a  place  of 
various  and  extensive  manufacture,  and  a 
great  seaport ;  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  9  local  post  offices  with 
each  a  money  order  department,  railway 
communication  in  all  directions,  9  banking 
offices,  and  9  principal  hotels  ;  publishes 
6  daily  newspapers,  and  2  twice  a  week ; 
is  the  metropolis  of  the  Scottish  linen 
trade,  with  factories  worth  nearly 
£3,000,000  ;  carries  on  extensive  ship- 
building in  all  forms  and  with  much 
repute  ;  conducts  also  much  iron-working, 
rope-making,  carpet  manufacture,  machine- 
making,  sugar-refining,  glove-making,  and 
other  industries  ;  and  in  1879  made  ex- 
ports of  359,080  tons  in  1251  British 
vessels,  and  43,362  tons  in  197  foreign 
vessels,  and  had  imports  of  403,343  tons 
in  1313  British  vessels,  and  53,960  tons  in 
225  foreign  vessels.  Its  harbour  has 
undergone  progressive,  rapid,  costly  im- 
provement ;  comprises  great  wet  docks, 
spacious  quays,  patent  slip,  graving  docks, 
and  other  appliances  of  a  first-class  port ; 
was  estimated,  for  the  year  1878-79,  to 
have  a  revenue  of  £50,148,  and  an  expendi- 
ture of  £45,526 ;  and  had  then  a  value  of 
£812,842,  burdened  with  a  debt  of  £352,148. 
The  Tay  bridge  or  railway  viaduct,  on  the 
firth  from  west  end  of  the  town  to  the 
Fife  coast, — opened  in  June  1878,  destroyed 
in  December  1879,  and  intended  to  be  rebuilt, 


— had  much  influence  on  the  local  trade, 
and  made  a  great  figure  in  the  landscape, 
but  will  be  separately  noticed. 

Many  of  the  public  buildings  possess 
much  interest.  The  Town  Hall  in  High 
Street  was  built  in  1734,  and  improved  in 
1854,  and  is  in  the  Roman  Ionic  style,  with 
tower  and  spire.  The  Royal  Exchange,  at 
end  of  Panmure  Street,  was  built  in  1853- 
56,  and  is  in  the  Flemish  style.  The 
Corn  Exchange,  in  Bank  Street,  was  built 
in  1856-58,  and  is  in  the  Italian  style. 
The  Exchange  Coffee-room,  at  foot  of 
Castle  Street,  cost  £9000,  and  is  in  the 
Palladian  style.  The  Court  House  and 
prison,  off  Ward  Street,  were  built  in 
1836  at  a  cost  of  £26,000,  and  much  en- 
larged in  1854.  The  Cattle  Market, 
between  Ferry  Road  and  East  Street,  was 
erected  in  1876  at  a  cost  of  more  than 
£40,000,  and  comprises  both  markets 
proper  and  abattoirs.  The  Custom  House, 
in  Dock  Street,  was  built  in  1843,  and  has 
a  Roman  Ionic  portico.  The  Royal  Arch, 
at  head  of  Victoria  Quay,  was  erected  in 
1844  to  commemorate  the  landing  of  Queen 
Victoria,  and  is  in  the  Saxon  style. 
Carmichael's  Monument  and  Burns' 
Monument,  in  the  Albert  Institute 
grounds,  were  erected  in  respectively  1876 
and  1880,  and  each  is  mainly  a  bronze 
statue.  Dundee  College,  with  character 
similar  to  a  university,  was  projected  in 
1874,  and  was  begun  to  be  erected  in  1881- 
82,  by  means  of  an  endowment  of  £140,000, 
by  Miss  and  Dr.  Baxter.  The  Albert 
Institute,  in  Albert  Square,  was  built  in 
1867-69  at  a  cost  of  more  than  £24,000,  is 
in  good  Gothic  style,  and  contains  public 
hall,  science  class-rooms,  picture  gallery, 
and  free  library.  The  public  seminaries, 
in  Reform  Street,  were  built  in  1833  at  a 
cost  of  £10,000,  and  have  a  massive  octo- 
style  Doric  portico.  The  Morgan  Educa- 
tional Hospital,  adjacent  to  the  eastern 
public  park,  was  built  in  1867-69  from  a 
bequest  of  more  than  £70,000,  and  is  in  the 
Scottish  baronial  style.  A  public  school 
in  the  east  end  of  town,  the  sixth  erected 
by  the  burgh  board,  was  built  in  1878  at  a 
cost  of  £5700,  and  has  accommodation  for 
750  scholars. 

The  churches  in  the  town  and  suburbs 
are  14  Established,  18  Free,  11  United 
Presbyterian,  1  United  Original  Secession, 
6  Congregational,  3  Evangelical  Union,  4 
Baptist,  2  "Wesleyan,  5  Episcopalian,  1 
Catholic  Apostolic,  and  4  Roman  Catholic. 
Three  of  the  Established  churches,  near  the 
centre  of  the  town,  one  of  them  ancient,  the 
other  two  rebuilt  in  1842-47  at  a  cost  of 
£11,135,  form  one  cruciform  Gothic  edifice 
surmounted  by  a  famous  ancient  tower ; 
and  that  tower  is  believed  to  have  been 
built  by  Prince  David  of  Huntingdon,  and 
was  renovated  in  1873  at  a  cost  of  about 
£8000.  A  number  of  the  other  churches, 
Established,  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
and  Congregational,  are  ornamental 
structures ;  and  several  of  them  were 


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143 


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erected  in  years  from  1877  till  1882.  St. 
Paul's  Episcopalian  church,  on  Castle  Hill, 
was  erected  in  1855  at  a  cost  of  £13,000, 
and  is  a  middle-pointed  cruciform  edifice 
with  steeple  217  feet  high.  The  Catholic 
Apostolic  church,  in  Constitution  Road, 
was  built  in  1868,  and  is  finely  ornate. 
St.  Mary's  Roman  Catholic  church,  in 
Hilltown,  was  built  in  1851,  is  in  the  Saxon 
style,  and  measures  within  walls  152  feet 
by  60.'  The  Royal  Infirmary,  on  a  skirt  of 
Dundee  Law,  was  built  in  1852-55,  at  a 
cost  of  about  £15,000,  is  in  the  Tudor 
style,  and  has  a  frontage  of  350  feet,  and 
two  long  receding  wings.  The  Convalescent 
Hospital,  at  Barnhill,  Broughty  Ferry, 
was  built  in  1876  from  gifts  of  £33,000 
by  the  Baxters.  The  Lunatic  Asylum,  at 
West  Green,  about  5  miles  from  the  town, 
was  founded  in  1879,  designed  to  accom- 
modate 370  patients,  and  estimated  to 
cost  about  £60,000.  The  town  extends  into 
the  parish  of  Liff,  and  includes  the  large 
suburb  of  Lochee.  Real  property  of  the 
parliamentary  burgh  in  1880-81,  £657,335. 
Pop.  in  1871,  118,977;  in  1881,  140,239. 

The  parish  includes  part  of  Broughty 
Ferry.  The  main  body  extends  about  6| 
miles  along  the  Tay  with  mean  breadth  of 
less  than  2  miles ;  a  detached  district  com- 
mences about  ^  mile  north  of  its  north 
end,  and  is  about  1£  mile  long  and  If 
mile  broad ;  and  the  whole  comprises 
4349  acres.  Real  property  of  landward 
part  in  1880-81,  £23,056.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  100,965.  The  surface  of  the  main 
body  rises  with  easy  ascent  from  the  Tay, 
includes  Dundee  Law  and  Balgay  Hill, 
and  presents  a  beautiful  appearance.  The 
detached  district  abounds  with  excellent 
sandstone.  The  chief  estates  are  Craigie, 
Claypots,  Duntrune,  Drumgeith,  Baldovie, 
Pitkerro,  Dudhope,  Clepington,  and  Black- 
ness ;  and  the  principal  antiquities  are  an 
old  archway,  2  or  3  notable  old  houses, 
and  the  sites  of  a  royal  palace,  a  noble 
mansion,  and  a  number  of  ancient  churches 
and  religious  houses  in  the  town.  98 
schools  for  17,719  scholars  were  in  the 
burgh,  and  the  board  resolved  to  abolish 
11  of  them  for  1539,  and  to  provide  7  new 
schools  and  an  enlargement  for  4000. 

DUNDEE  AND  ARBROATH  RAILWAY, 
railway  16|  miles  long  from  Dundee, 
along  the  coast  past  Broughty  Ferry  and 
Carnoustie,  to  Arbroath,  in  Forfarshire. 
It  was  opened  in  1839,  and  it  became  the 
joint  property  of  the  North  British  and 
the  Caledonian  Companies  at  1st  February 
1880.  It  connects  at  Broughty  Ferry  with 
the  railway  communication  through  Fife  ; 
sends  off,  from  a  point  near  its  north-east 
end,  a  goods  branch  to  Carmylie ;  and 
connects  at  Arbroath  with  the  railways 
thence  to  Forfar  and  Montrose. 

DUNDEE  AND  FORFAR  DIRECT 
RAILWAY,  railway  17|  miles  long,  from 
the  Dundee  and  Arbroath  line  at  Broughty 
Ferry  northward  to  Forfar.  It  was  opened 
in  1870. 


DUNDEE  AND  NEWTYLE  RAILWAY, 

railway  16f  miles  long,  from  west  end  of 
Dundee  north-westward  to  Newtyle,  in 
Forfarshire.  It  was  originally  a  single 
truck  line,  10J  miles  long,  opened  in  1831 ; 
it  left  the  town  on  a  long  steep  inclined 
plane,  and  by  a  tunnel  through  Dundee 
Law ;  it  was  altered  by  the  formation  of 
two  new  portions,  the  one  7f  miles  long 
directly  onward,  opened  in  1859,  the  other 
6  miles  long  to  Lochee,  opened  in  1861 ; 
and  it  was  designed  near  the  end  of  1879 
to  acquire  a  new  portion,  starting  from  the 
south  end  of  the  tunnel  through  Dundee 
Law,  and  proceeding  by  the  old.  line  into 
junction  with  the  new  one  near  Downfield. 

DUNDEE  AND  PERTH  RAILWAY,  rail- 
way 21|  miles,  from  Dundee  west-south- 
westward  to  Perth.  It  was  opened  in 
1847  ;  it  traverses  luxuriant  and  pictur- 
esque tracts  along  the  Tay,  to  the  vicinity 
of  Perth ;  and  it  there  crosses  the  river  on  a 
very  long  grand  viaduct  in  form  of  segment 
of  a  circle  with  the  central  part  on  an 
island.  Both  this  railway  and  the  Dundee 
and  Newtyle  were  amalgamated  in  1863 
with  the  Scottish  Central,  and  went  with 
that  system  in  1865  to  the  Caledonian. 

DUNDEE  AND  STANLEY  RAILWAY, 
railway,  projected  in  August  1880,  to  strike 
from  the  Dundee  and  Perth  line  at  Nine- 
wells,  to  go  by  Millhill,  Abernyte,  Pit- 
kindy,  Bandirran,  and  Balbeggie,  and  to 
join  the  Highland  line  at  Stanley,  in 
Perthshire. 

DUNDELCHACK,  lake,  about  6  miles 
long  and  Lj  mile  broad,  in  Daviot  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

DUNDONALD,  village,  castle,  and  parish 
in  north-west  of  Kyle,  Ayrshire.  The 
village  stands  4 J  miles  south-east  of  Irvine, 
presents  an  interesting  appearance,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Kilmarnock,  Es- 
tablished and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  141  scholars.  —  The 
castle  stands  on  an  eminence  adjacent  to 
the  village ;  appears  to  have  been  erect- 
ed in  12th  century ;  was  the  residence 
of  several  of  the  Stewart  princes,  and 
the  death  place  of  Robert  II.  ;  is  now  a 
large,  strong,  thick-walled  ruin  ;  and  has 
given  the  title  of  earl  since  1669  to  the 
family  of  Cochrane. — The  parish  contains 
also  Fullarton  suburb  of  Irvine,  the  town 
of  Troon,  and  the  villages  of  Old  Rome, 
Shewalton,  and  Loans.  Its  length  is  1\ 
miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about  6^ 
miles ;  its  area  12,365  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1879-80,  £47,353.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  8086 ;  quoad  sacra,  1509.  The 
surface  is  divided  from  north  to  south  into 
two  nearly  equal  sections  by  the  low  range 
of  Claven  Hills  and  by  Shewalton  Moss. 
The  western  section  is  nearly  a  dead  flat, 
bounded  by  the  Firth  of  Clyde ;  and  the 
eastern  section  is  an  assemblage  of  gentle 
eminences,  embellished  with  wood.  The 
seats  are  Fairlie,  Shewalton,  Newfield, 
Auchans,  Curreath,  Hillhouse,  and  Fullar- 
ton, the  last  belonging  to  the  Duke  of 


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Portland.  Established  and  Free  churches 
are  at  Troon  and  Fullarton,  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  is  at  Troon.  7  schools 
for  832  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and 
1  of  them  and  a  classroom  for  210  are  new. 

DUNDONALD,  remains  of  old  castle  in 
Killean  parish,  Argyleshire. 

DUNDONALD,  coal-field  in  Auchter- 
derran  parish,  Fife. 

DUNDONNELL,  seat  in  Lochbroom  par- 
ish, Ross-shire. 

DUNDONNO CHIE,  seat  near  Dunkeld, 
Perthshire. 

DUNDONY,  small  green  island  in  Peter- 
head parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DUNDORNADIL.    See  Doknadilla. 

DUNDREICH,  round-topped  hill,  1934 
feet  high,  with  extensive  view,  6 J  miles 
north-by- east  of  Peebles. 

DUNDRENNAN,  village,  old  abbey,  and 
seat,  6  miles  east-south-east  of  Kirkcud- 
bright. The  village  has  a  post  office  under 
Kirkcudbright,  an  inn,  and  2  public 
schools  with  about  213  scholars.  The  abbey 
was  founded  in  1142;  had  a  cruciform 
church  with  spire  200  feet  high  ;  was  the 
place  where  Queen  Mary  spent  her  last 
night  in  Scotland  ;  and  is  now  represented 
by  considerable  well-preserved  ruins. 

DUNDUFF,  place,  with  traces  of  Roman 
camp  and  remains  of  old  baronial  fortalice, 
in  Maybole  parish,  Ayrshire. 

DUNDUFF,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Dunfermline  parish,  Fife. 

DUNDURCUS,  old  parish,  now  annexed 
mainly  to  Boharm  in  Banffshire,  and 
partly  to  Rothes  in  Elginshire. 

DUNDURN,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
Comrie,  Perthshire. 

DUNDYVAN,  suburb  or  section  of  Coat- 
bridge, Lanarkshire.  It  has  extensive 
ironworks,  and  a  great  public  school  with 
about  360  scholars. 

DUNEARN,  hill,  with  supposed  crater 
of  extinct  volcano,  and  with  supposed 
remains  of  Roman  camp,  in  Burntisland 
parish,  Fife. 

DUNEATON,  small  river,  running  about 
13  miles  south-eastward  to  the  Clyde,  at 
about  2  miles  below  Abington,  Lanark- 
shire. 

DUNECHT,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Craw- 
ford, and  place  with  post  office  under 
Aberdeen,  12  miles  west  of  Aberdeen. 

DUNEVAN,  ancient  hill-fort  near  Caw- 
dor, Nairnshire. 

DUNEWAN,  hill  and  reservoir,  2J  miles 
south  of  Eaglesham,  Renfrewshire. 

DUNFALLANDY,  seat  and  ancient  monu- 
mental stone  in  Logierait  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

DUNFERMLINE,  town  and  parish  in 
south-west  of  Fife.  The  town  stands  2| 
miles  north  of  Firth  of  Forth,  and  20  east- 
south-east  of  Stirling ;  owed  its  origin  to 
an  ancient  abbey  and.  an  ancient  royal 
palace  ;  figured  much,  for  many  ages,  in 
connection  with  royal  courts  and  royal 
visits ;  suffered  almost  total  destruction 
by  fire  in  1624,  but  rose  again  to  prosperity ; 


occupies  ground  variously  fiat,  sloping, 
broken,  and  ridgy;  comprises  narrow  old 
streets,  good  new  streets,  and  a  large  new 
western  suburb  ;  has  charming  environs, 
studded  with  villas  and  mansions,  and 
rich  in  both  natural  beauty  and  artificial 
ornature ;  and  contains  fine  view-points, 
interesting  antiquities,  and  handsome 
public  buildings.  It  ranks  as  a  royal  and 
parliamentary  burgh,  and  as  the  seat  of 
sheriff  courts  for  the  west  of  Fife  ;  unites 
with  Inverkeithing,  Culross,  Queensferry, 
and  Stirling  in  sending  a  member  to 
Parliament ;  carries  on  manufacture  of 
table  linen  in  a  manner  and  to  an  extent 
unrivalled  in  the  world;  publishes  2 
weekly  newspapers ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  5  banking  offices,  5  hotels,  4 
Established  churches,  3  Free  churches,  4 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  Congrega- 
tional, Evangelical  Union,  Baptist,  Epis- 
copalian, Catholic  Apostolic,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  and  10  public  schools. 

The  Corporation  Buildings  stand  at 
corner  of  Kirkgate  and  Bridge  Street, 
were  founded  in  October  1876,  are  in  a 
combination  of  the  Gothic  and  the  French 
styles,  have  a  corner  tower  117  feet  high, 
and  were  estimated  to  cost  £18,688.  The 
Public  Hall  stands  in  St.  Margaret  Street, 
was  erected  in  1878  at  a  cost  of  about 
£9500,  is  in  the  early  English  style,  and 
contains  two  halls,  one  of  them  with  accom- 
modation for  1320  persons.  The  Free 
Library  adjoins  the  Public  Hall,  originated 
in  a  gift  of  £8000  from  Mr.  A.  Carnegie, 
was  planned  in  September  1880,  and  is 
in  the  domestic  Tudor  style.  The  Public 
Baths  look  toward  Schoolend  Street,  were 
erected  in  1877  from  a  gift  of  £5000  from 
Mr.  A.  Carnegie,  and  have  a  front  eleva- 
tion in  the  Scoto-Gothic  style.  A  modern 
bridge,  297  feet  long,  spans  Pittencrieff 
Glen,  became  surmounted  by  excellent 
houses,  and  forms  part  of  one  of  the  best 
streets.  The  water  supply  comprises 
works  of  1847  formed  on  a  capital  of 
£13,350,  additional  works  of  1868  at  a 
cost  of  about  £17,400,  and  supplemental 
works  begun  in  1877,  and  estimated  to  cost 
about  £55,000.  Pittencrieff  Glen  possesses 
much  natural  beauty,  strikes  a  stranger 
with  surprise,  contains  a  fragment  of  a 
palatial  castle  of  Malcolm  Canmore,  and 
adjoins  some  remains  of  a  later  royal 
palace.  The  Abbey  occupies  the  site  of  a 
Culdee  cell,  was  founded  by  Malcolm  Can- 
more,  altered  by  David  I.,  and  extended  in 
1250  ;  contains  the  ashes  of  eight  Scottish 
kings  and  numerous  queens  and  princes ; 
and  is  now  represented  by  the  ruined  nave, 
exhibiting  features  of  transition  from  Saxon 
to  Norman.  The  modern  Abbey  church 
occupies  the  site  of  the  old  Abbey  church's 
choir ;  was  erected  in  1821  at  a  cost  of 
more  than  £12,000 ;  gave  rise,  at  the  ex- 
cavation for  it,  to  the  discovery  of  the 
remains  of  King  Robert  Bruce  ;  and  has 
a  tower  100  feet  high,  with  the  words, 


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145 


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'King  Robert  the  Bruce,'  in  the  open 
stonework  of  a  surmounting  Gothic  balus- 
trade. Monuments  to  Rev.  Ralph  Erskine 
and  Rev.  Thomas  Gillespie,  founders  of 
sections  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church, 
were  erected  within  the  Abbey  in  1876.  A 
new  Free  church,  in  lieu  of  a  previous  one, 
was  projected  in  1881.  The  town  gave  the 
title  of  earl  from  1605  till  1694  to  the 
family  of  Seton,  and  that  of  baron  in  1839 
to  the  third  son  of  Sir  Ralph  Abercromby. 
Real  property  of  the  burgh  in  1880-81, 
£56,371.    Pop.  17,083. 

The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Charleston,  Crossford,  Halbeath,  King- 
soat,  North  Queensferry,  TownhiU, 
"Wellwood,  Masterton,  and  Patiemuir, 
most  of  Limekilns,  and  part  of  Crossgates 
and  Milesmark ;  consists  of  a  main  body 
and  a  small  detached  district;  and  is 
bounded  on  the  south  by  Firth  of  Forth. 
The  main  body  has  a  length  of  about  9 
miles,  and  an  extreme  breadth  of  6  miles  ; 
the  detached  district  lies  around  Queens- 
ferry  ;  and  the  whole  has  an  area  of  20,764 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81  of  landward 
part,  £51,420.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  26,568 ; 
quoad  sacra,  17,547.  The  coast  is  about 
1^  mile  long,  and  variously  flat  and  high. 
The  interior  rises  gently  from  Limekilns, 
but  brokenly  from  the  small  detached 
district,  to  vicinity  of  the  burgh  ;  is  there, 
and  for  some  distance,  picturesquely  di- 
versified ;  alternates  in  ridges  and  hollows, 
with  increasing  diversity  and  elevation, 
towards  the  north  ;  and  includes  parts  of 
Craigluscar  and  Beath  Hills  on  the  ulterior 
boundary.  Coal  is  very  plentiful,  and 
has  long  been  extensively  worked.  Chief 
residences  are  the  Earl  of  Elgin's  seat  of 
Broomhall,  Pittencrieff,  Pitreavie,  Pitfir- 
rane,  Garvock,  Keavil, .  and  Craigluscar. 
The  chief  antiquities  are  those  in  the 
burgh,  and  a  battle-field  of  1641  at  Pit- 
reavie. A  Free  church  is  at  North 
Queensferry,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches  are  at  Limekilns  and  Crossgates. 
16  schools,  for  3085  scholars,  are  in  the 
burgh,  and  3  of  them  for  1150  are  new ; 
and  11  for  2242  scholars  are  in  the  land- 
ward parts,  and  4  of  them  and  a  class-room 
for  1460  are  new. 

DUNFERMLINE  (NORTH),  quoad  sacra 
parish,  with  Established  and  Free  churches 
in  Dunfermline.    Pop.  4027. 

DUNFERMLINE  (ST.  ANDREW),  quoad 
sacra  parish,  with  Established  and  Free 
churches  in  Dunfermline.    Pop.  4503. 

DUNFILLAN  green,  conical  hill,  with 
rock-summit,  called  St.  Fillan's  Chair, 
near  St.  Fillan's  village,  Perthshire. 

DUNFIN  conical  mound,  with  vitrified 
fort,  on  cliff,  at  side  of  the  Drhuim,  Inver- 
nesb-stnre. 

DUNGAVEL,  two-topped  hill  in  Wiston 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

DUNGEON,  lake  in  Kells  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

DUNGIVEL,  hill  in  Avondale  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 


DUNGLASS,  small  rocky  promontory 
on  the  Clyde,  1\  miles  east-south-east  of 
Dumbarton.  It  is  crowned  with  remains 
of  an  ancient  castle  of  the  Colquhouns, 
and  with  an  obelisk  of  1839  to  the  memory 
of  Henry  Bell. 

DUNGLASS,  mansion  and  dean  on  the 
coast,  at  boundary  between  Haddington- 
shire and  Berwickshire.  The  mansion  is 
the  seat  of  Sir  Basil  F.  Hall,  Bart. ;  occu- 
pies the  site  of  a  strong,  ancient,  historical 
castle  of  the  Earls  of  Home ;  and  has 
well-wooded,  picturesque  grounds.  The 
dean  includes  part  of  these  grounds  ;  is  a 
deep, romantic  ravine,descendingfrom  skirt 
of  the  Lammermoors,  and  opening  grandly 
to  the  sea ;  and  is  crossed  by  a  very  lofty 
six-arched  railway  viaduct  and  two  bridges. 

DUNGLASS,  bare  bleak  hill  in  Strath- 
blane  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

DUNGOIACH,  conical  wooded  hill,  con- 
trasting strongly  with  Dunglass  Hill,  in 
Strathblane  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

DUNGOIL.    See  Dunagoil. 

DUNGYLE,  hill,  with  site  of  strong, 
ancient  Caledonian  fort,  in  Kelton 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

DUNHEAD,  vestige  of  ancient  triangular 
camp  in  Carmylie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

DUN-I,  hill  in  Iona  Island,  Argyleshire. 

DUNIAN,  round  -  backed  ridgy  hill, 
1095  feet  high,  and  about  3  miles  long 
and  2^  miles  broad,  culminating  1\  miles 
south-west  of  Jedburgh,  Roxburghshire. 

DUNIKER.    See  Dunnikier. 

DUNIMARLE.    See  Dunamaele. 

DUNINO,  parish,  with  church,  4  miles 
south-south-east  of  St.  Andrews,  Fife.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  St.  Andrews.  Its 
length  is  3^  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  2f 
miles ;  its  area,  2737  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £4106.  Pop.  297.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  rises  to  an  ex- 
treme height  of  less  than  300  feet.  The 
chief  estates  are  Dunino,  Pittairthy,  Stra- 
vithy,  and  Kinaldy ;  and  the  chief 
antiquity  is  an  old  fortalice.  The  public 
school  has  about  76  scholars. 

DUNIPACE,  parish,  containing  part  of 
Denny  town,  in  Stirlingshire.  Its  length 
is  5f  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  2|  miles  ; 
its  area  5586  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £10,186.  Pop.  of  town  part,  1257; 
of  parish  quoad  civilia,  1874  ;  quoad  sacra, 
1856.  The  river  Carron  traces  all  the 
southern  boundary.  The  eastern  section  is 
part  of  the  Carse  of  Stirling;  and  the  western 
rises  to  an  elevation  of  about  600  feet.  The 
chief  seats  are  Dunipace  House,  Quarter, 
Carbrook,  and  Herbertshire, — the  last  very 
ancient ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  two 
beautiful  artificial  mounds,  which  have 
been  the  subject  of  much  controversy,  and 
the  ruined  Torwood  Castle.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  There  are  2 
schools  for  360  scholars,  and  both  are  new. 

DUNIPHAIL,  estate  with  modern  man- 
sion, fragment  of  ancient  castle,  post  office, 
and  railway  station  8%  miles  south  of 
Forres,  Elginshire.  The  castle  stood  on 
K 


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146 


DUN 


a  steep,  conical  hill,  and  resisted  a  siege 
iby  Randolph,  Earl  of  Moray.  The  post 
office  is  designated  of  Morayshire. 

DUNIQUOICH,  steep, conical,  wooded  hill, 
about  700  feet  high,  with  fine  panoramic 
view,  adjacent  to  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 

DUNIRA,  a  seat  of  Sir  Sidney  J.  Dundas, 
Bart.,  2|  miles  west-north-west  of  Oomrie, 
Perthshire.  It  stands  in  a  romantic  glen, 
noticed  in  Hogg's  '  Bonny  Kilmeny.' 

DUNKELD,  town  and  parish  in  Strath- 
tay,  Perthshire.  The  town  stands  on  left 
hank  of  the  Tay,  f  mile  north  of  a  railway 
station  of  its  own  name,  15J  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Perth ;  and  is  approached 
from  the  station  by  a  seven-arched  bridge, 
685  feet  long,  across  the  Tay,  erected  in 
1809  at  a  cost  of  £40,000.  It  got  its  name 
from  being  the  '  Fort  of  the  Kelts '  against 
invasion  from  the  South ;  it  became  the 
seat  of  successively  a  Culdee  cell,  a  Romish 
monastery,  and  a  cathedral ;  it  flourished 
for  ages  in  connection  with  its  cathedral, 
and  as  an  occasional  royal  residence  ;  it 
witnessed  a  defeat  of  Royalist  troops,  and 
was  nearly  all  burnt  by  the  Jacobite  forces 
after  the  battle  of  Killiecrankie  ;  and  it 
now  has  the  size  of  only  a  considerable 
village,  and  prospers  chiefly  as  a  favourite 
resort  of  summer  visitors  and  tourists.  It 
stands  on  low  ground  ;  is  immediately 
overhung,  round  much  of  its  skirt,  by 
lofty,  diversified,  wooded,  picturesque 
hills  ;  presents,  from  exterior  view-points, 
a  very  striking  appearance  ;  contains  a 
good  modern  street  on  a  line  with  the 
bridge,  an  old  street,  and  some  lanes  ;  ad- 
joins a  mansion  of  the  Duke  of  Athole  ; 
and  has  a  head  post  office,  with  all  de- 
partments, 3  banking  offices,  4  hotels, 
remains  of  its  cathedral,  Established,  Free, 
and  Congregational  churches,  a  grammar 
school,  and  a  public  library.  The  Duke  of 
Athole's  mansion,  Dunkeld  House,  is  a 
palatial  edifice,  founded  by  the  fourth 
duke,  but  left  incomplete  at  his  death  in 
1830  ;  is  in  tasteful  variety  of  the  Gothic 
style  ;  was  visited  in  1842  and  1844  by 
Queen  Victoria  ;  and  has  very  extensive 
grounds  with  ornate  suites  of  buildings, 
and  rich  diversity  of  gardens,  drives,  and 
walks.  The  cathedral  was  erected  in  times 
from  middle  of  12th  century  till  latter 
part  of  15th  ;  is  in  styles  from  the  later 
Norman  to  the  later  English,  with  some 
geometric  and  flamboyant  features  ;  and 
contains  monuments  of  the  '  Wolf  of 
Badenoch,'  two  bishops,  and  the  42d 
Highlanders  for  their  services  at  the 
Crimea.  The  greater  part  of  it,  measuring 
112  feet  by  62,  is  a  roofless  ruin,  with  walls 
40  feet  high  ;  but  the  choir  was  renovated 
in  1820,  at  a  cost  of  about  £5400,  to  serve 
as  the  parochial  church ;  and  the  chapter- 
house is  still  entire,  and  contains  a  statue 
of  the  fourth  Duke  of  Athole,  and  monu- 
ments of  other  members  of  the  Athole 
family.  Pop.  of  the  town,  768.  The 
parish  excludes  part  of  the  town,  is  all 
occupied  by  the  rest  of  the  town  and  the 


ducal  pleasure  grounds,  and  figures  in  all 
statistics  as  conjoint  with  Dowally.  Acres 
of  the  two,  9456.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £3350.    Pop.  791. 

DUNKELD  (LITTLE)  , parish  in  Strathtay, 
Perthshire.  It  took  its  name  from  a  vil- 
lage which  stood  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Tay,  opposite  Dunkeld,  but  is  now  extinct ; 
it  contains  the  railway  station  of  Dunkeld, 
the  villages  of  Birnam,  Inver,  and  Dal- 
guise,  and  about  20  smaller  villages  or 
hamlets ;  and  it  measures  16  miles  in 
length,  about  9  miles  in  greatest  breadth, 
and  41,268  acres  in  area.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,£20,012.  Pop.  2175.  The  Tay  flows 
windingly  and  beautifully  on  the  northern 
and  eastern  boundary  for  about  14  miles  ; 
and  the  Bran  runs  partly  on  the  southern 
boundary,  but  chiefly  through  the  interior, 
and  has  there  the  notable  Rumbling 
Bridge  and  Ossian's  Hall.  Birnam  Hill 
is  on  the  southern  boundary ;  hills  or 
mountains  occupy  a  large  proportion  of 
the  other  borders  ;  hills  or  mountains  also 
occupy  much  of  the  interior  ;  and  so  many 
as  about  20,378  acres  are  uncultivated. 
The  sections  nearest  the  Tay  and  along 
the  Bran  include  large  tracts  of  good 
arable  land,  either  flat,  sloping,  or  undu- 
lating, and  contain  nearly  all  the  popula- 
tion. A  remarkably  fine  clay  is  found 
in  Strathbran ;  and  a  very  fine  hard 
sandstone  occurs  in  the  south-east.  The 
chief  seats  are  Murthly  Castle,  Dalguise 
House,  Kinnaird  House,  Birnam  Lodge, 
Torwood,  and  Dundonnochie ;  and  the 
chief  antiqtiities  are  Caledonian  stone 
circles,  Caledonian  forts,  huge  cairns, 
Trochrie  Castle,  and  objects  on  Birnam 
Hill.  The  churches  are  2  Established,  2 
Free,  and  an  Episcopalian.  There  are  5 
schools  for  435  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
for  200  is  new. 

DUNKENNY,  seat  near  Glammis,  For- 
farshire. 

DUNLAPPIE,  old  parish,  now  part  of 
Strickathrow,  Forfarshire. 

DUNLEA,  headland  in  Kilmuir  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

DUNLEAKEN,  massive  mountain,  con- 
tiguous to  Loch  Fyne,  near  Furnace  village, 
Argyleshire.  A  quarry  of  very  fine 
granite  is  on  it. 

DUNLIATH,  Scandinavian  fort  in  Kil- 
muir parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

DUNLICHITY,  old  parish  united  to 
Daviot,  in  Inverness-shire. 

DUNLOP,  village  in  Ayrshire,  and  parish 
partly  also  in  Renfrewshire.  The  village 
stands  1\  miles  north  of  Stewarton,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Stewarton,  a  par- 
ochial church,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  149  scholars.  Pop.  357. 
The  parish  is  about  7  miles  long,  and 
mostly  about  2  miles  broad,  but  contracts 
towards  the  ends.  Acres  in  Ayrshire, 
6078  ;  in  Renfrewshire,  1101.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1879-80,  £15,935,  and  £3209. 
Pop.  1363.  The  surface  is  mostly  an 
assemblage  of  green  knolls  and  hillocks ; 


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147 


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lies  everywhere  higher  than  300  feet  above 
sea-level,  yet  nowhere  higher  than  about 
150  feet  above  the  beds  of  the  local 
streams ;  and  commands,  from  many  a 
point,  an  extensive  panoramic  view.  The 
dairy  draws  chief  attention  of  the  culti- 
vators, and  has  long  been  famous  for  its 
cheese.  Dunlop  House  is  the  principal 
residence,  and  Aiket  Castle  the  chief 
antiquity. 

DUNLOP-PLACE,  village  in  Dalserf  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire.   Pop., with  Red  Row,327. 

DUNLUGAS,  estate,  with  mansion  and 
public  school,  in  Alvah  parish,  Banffshire. 

DUNLUSKIN,  hill  and  lake  near  Dunoon, 
Argyleshire. 

DUNMAC SNI ACH AN,  site  of  alleged 
Dalriadan  city  of  Berigonium  on  coast  of 
Ardchattan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

DUNMAGLASS,  detached  section  of 
Nairnshire,  about  16  square  miles  in  ai-ea, 
encompassed  by  Dunlichity  old  parish,  in 
Inverness-shire. 

DUNMAN,  rocky  hill,  with  vestiges  of 
ancient  Caledonian  fort,  on  coast  of 
ELirkmaiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

DUNMORE,  village  and  mansion  in 
Airth  parish,  Stirlingshire.  The  village 
stands  on  the  Forth,  8  miles  east-south- 
east of  Stirling,  and  has  a  post  office  with 
telegraph  under  Stirling,  a  small  harbour, 
and  an  Episcopalian  chapel.  The  mansion 
is  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Dunmore,  is  an 
elegant  Gothic  edifice,  and  has  a  well- 
wooded  park. 

DUNMORE,  seat  on  north-west  side  of 
West  Loch  Tarbert,  Argyleshire. 

DUNMORE,  hill,  crowned  by  granite 
obelisk,  72  feet  high,  to  the  memory  of 
Lord  Melville,  1£  mile  north  of  Comrie, 
Perthshire. 

DUNMORE,  hill  in  Monzie  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

DUN  (MUIR  OF),  hamlet  in  Dun  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

DUNMULLIE,  place,  with  vestiges  of 
mediaeval  castle,  in  Duthil  parish,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

DUNMYAT,  precipitous  hill  in  north 
front  of  the  Ochils,  4  miles  north-east  of 
Stirling.  It  looks  like  a  huge  buttress, 
rises  to  a  height  of  1375  feet  above  sea- 
level,  and  commands  one  of  the  most 
magnificent  views  in  Great  Britain. 

DUNN,  hamlet  in  Watten  parish,  Caith- 
ness.   It  has  a  public  school  with  about  72 

SCD°UNNAGU,  mountain,  2505  feet  high, 
6  miles  west  of  Duart,  in  Mull  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

DUNNECHTAN.    See  Dunnichen. 

DUNNET,  village  and  parish  on  north 
coast  of  Caithness.  The  village  stands  9 
miles  east  by  north  of  Thurso,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Thurso,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  53  scholars.  The  parish  measures 
12  miles  in  length,  and  6  miles  in  greatest 
breadth.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£6238.      Pop.    1607.      Dunnet  Bay  is 


partly  on  the  north-western  border,  ex- 
tends westward  at  the  mouth  to  Holburn- 
Head,  and  has  a  total  length  of  about  5i 
miles,  with  mean  breadth  of  about  2f 
miles.  Dunnet  promontory  extends  north- 
ward from  upper  part  of  east  side  of  the 
bay,  is  3%  miles  long,  and  averagely  1\ 
miles  broad,  and  presents  all  round  to  the 
sea  a  broken  rocky  face  from  100  to  400 
feet  high.  Dunnet  Head  terminates  that 
promontory,  is  the  most  northerly  ground 
of  the  Scottish  mainland,  and  is  crowned 
with  a  lighthouse,  showing  a  fixed  light 
visible  at  the  distance  of  23  nautical  miles. 
The  coast  eastward  of  the  promontory  is 
straight,  low,  and  rocky,  and  about  2  J 
miles  long,  and  has  small  harbours  at 
Brough  and  Ham.  All  the  interior,  ex- 
cepting the  promontory,  has  a  slightly  irre- 
gular surface,  not  far  from  level,  with 
average  elevation  of  about  150  feet.  Chief 
objects  of  interest  are  quarries,  10  small 
lakes,  numerous  tumuli  and  Picts'  houses, 
and  vestiges  of  3  Romish  chapels.  Public 
schools  are  at  Ratter,  Greenland,  and 
Barrock. 

DUNNICHEN,  village  and  parish  in  south 
centre  of  Forfarshire.  The  village  stands  4 
miles  east-south-east  of  Forfar,  and  contains 
the  parochial  church.  The  parish  contains 
4  other  small  villages,  and  most  of  the 
large  post  office  village  of  Letham.  Its 
length  is  about  5  miles  ;  its  breadth  about 
3f  miles ;  its  area,  4917  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £8909.  Pop.  1422. 
The  surface  consists  mostly  of  gently 
sloping  reaches,  and  rises  at  its  highest 
point  to  about  720  feet  above  sea-level. 
Dunnichen  Hill,  on  the  northern  boundary, 
includes  the  highest  point,  is  about  3 
miles  long,  and  was  originally  called 
Dunnechtan,  from  a  resident  Pictish 
chieftain.  A  chief  residence  is  Dunnichen 
House,  and  a  chief  antiquity  is  the  field  of 
a  battle  in  7th  century  between  the  Picts 
and  the  Northumbrian  Saxons.  A  Free 
church  and  a  Congregational  chapel  are  in 
Letham.  2  schools  for  290  scholars  are  in 
the  parish,  and  one  of  them  and  an  en- 
largement for  234  are  new. 

DUNNIDEER,  isolated  hill,  with  vitrified 
fort  and  remnant  of  ancient  castle,  in 
Insch  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

DUNNIKIER,  old  part  of  Pathhead 
suburb  of  Kirkcaldy,  Fife.  It  has  a  Free 
church,  and  it  adjoins  an  estate  of  its  own 
name  with  mansion  and  collieries. 

DUNNIKIER,  hill,  with  extensive  view, 
in  Kilconquhar  parish,  Fife. 

DUNNINALD,  old  parish,  with  dean, 
hill,  and  modern  mansion  of  its  own 
name  now  in  Craig,  adjacent  to  Montrose, 
Forfarshire. 

DUNNING,  town  and  parish  on  south- 
east border  of  Perthshire.  The  town 
stands  1£  mile  south-east  of  a  railway 
station  of  its  own  name,  and  9£  miles 
south-west  of  Perth  ;  includes  the  suburb 
of  Newton  of  Pitcairns ;  presents  a 
pleasant  appearance ;    and    has  a  post 


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148 


DUN 


office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments  under  Perth,  a  banking 
office,  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  3  public 
schools.  Pop.  813.  The  parish  is 
about  7  miles  long  and  4  miles  broad,  and 
comprises  14,855  acres.  Keal  property  in 
1880-81,  £13,870.  Pop.  1635.  About  one- 
third  of  the  surface  lies  among  the  Ochils, 
and  the  rest  slopes  to  the  Earn.  Dun- 
cruib,  the  seat  of  Lord  Rollo,  is  the  chief 
mansion  ;  and  other  seats  are  Pitcairns 
and  Garvock. 

DUNNOTTAR,  parish  containing  Craw- 
ton  fishing  village  and  part  of  Stonehaven 
post  town,  on  coast  of  Kincardineshire. 
Its  length  is  5£  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
3^  miles ;  its  area  7783  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £12,869.  Pop.  2498. 
The  coast  has  a  length  of  3f  miles,  is 
mostly  very  bold  and  rocky,  and  abounds 
in  deep  caves,  much  frequented  by  sea- 
fowl.  The  interior  is  mostly  uneven,  with 
numerous  rising-grounds  and  hillocks  ;  but 
includes,  on  its  north  border,  a  part  of  the 
How  of  Mearns.  The  chief  seat  is  Dunn- 
ottar  House  ;  and  the  chief  antiquity,  a 
great  and  famous  one,  is  Dunnottar  Castle. 
This  crowns  an  insulated  salient  rock, 
rising  from  the  sea  in  cliffs  160  feet  high  ; 
was  erected  and  occupied  by  the  Keiths, 
Earls  Marischal ;  made  a  great  figure 
in  the  long  course  of  the  wars  of  the  Suc- 
cession ;  became  the  hiding-place  of  the 
Scottish  Regalia  in  the  time  of  Cromwell, 
and  a  State  prison  in  the  times  of  Charles 
II.  and  James  VII.  ;  is  notable  for  the 
'  Whigs'  Vault,'  where  many  of  the 
Covenanters  were  immured  and  tortured  ; 
was  dismantled  after  the  attainder  of  the 
last  Earl  Marischal  in  1715  ;  and  presents 
now  the  appearance  of  a  very  striking  ruin 
with  embattled  walls  and  stately  towers. 
The  parochial  church  stands  about  1^ 
mile  north-west  of  the  castle  ;  and  its 
churchyard  contains  a  monument  to  the 
Covenanters  who  died  in  the  '  "Whigs' 
Vault,'  and  was  the  place  where  Sir  Walter 
Scott  met  the  person  whom  he  calls  '  Old 
Mortality.'  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
Episcopalian,  and  Roman  Catholic  churches 
are  in  Stonehaven.  3  public  schools  for 
321  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of 
them  for  105  is  new. 

DUNOLLY,  ruined  ancient  castle  and 
fine  modern  mansion,  near  Oban,  Argyle- 
shire.  The  castle  stands  on  a  bold,  rocky 
promontory  at  northern  extremity  of 
Oban  bay  ;  dates  from  12th  century,  but 
may  have  been  preceded  by  a  Scandinavian 
fortalice ;  was  the  chief  seat  of  the  Mac- 
dougals,  lords  of  Lorn ;  and  is  now 
represented  by  only  its  keep  and  some 
ivy-clad  fragments  of  other  buildings. 

DUNOON,  town  and  parish  in  Cowal 
district,  Argyleshire.  The  town  stands 
on  Firth  of  Clyde,  8  miles  by  water  west 
of  Greenock ;  grew  around  an  ancient 
castle  on  crown  of  small  promontory ; 
became  a  residence  of  the  Bishops  of 


Argyle,  and  a  great  ferry  thoroughfare  ; 
prospered,  nevertheless,  only  so  far  as  to 
be  a  village,  and  sank  afterwards  to  the 
condition  of  a  hamlet ;  expanded  from 
about  1822  till  the  present  time  into  the 
bulk  and  celebrity  of  the  largest  and  most 
favoured  watering-place  on  the  Clyde ; 
and  made  a  claim,  in  1873,  to  be  consti- 
tuted the  political  capital  of  Argyleshire. 
The  castle  is  thought  to  have  been  de- 
veloped from  a  Dalriadan  fortalice  ;  was 
captured  by  Edward  Baliol,  held  by  Edward 
III.  of  England,  and  recaptured  by  the 
Steward  who  became  Robert  III.;  under- 
went reconstruction,  in  three-towered 
form  and  with  palatial  grandeur,  about 
beginning  of  15th  century  ;  ranked  there- 
after as  a  royal  palace  in  charge  of  the 
noble  family  of  Argyle  ;  was  visited  by 
Queen  Mary  ;  became  the  scene,  in  17th. 
century,  of  a  horrible  massacre ;  was  then 
relinquished  to  decay ;  and  subsided 
eventually  into  merely  a  sub-basement. 
The  town,  in  one  sense,  is  a  compact 
assemblage  of  regular  streets  adjacent  to 
the  castle  promontory  ;  in  another  sense, 
is  an  array  of  single  streets,  rows  of  villas, 
and  groups  of  various  sorts  of  buildings, 
including  Kirn  and  other  suburbs,  and 
extending  about  4|  miles  from  Holy  Loch 
to  Bawtry  Bay ;  in  either  sense,  occupies 
a  strip  of  low  ground,  backed  by  braes 
ascending  rapidly  to  mountain  height,  and 
presents  a  picturesque  appearance.  It 
has  a  head  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  2  banking 
offices,  4  hotels,  a  town  hall  of  1874, 
convalescent  homes,  steamboat  piers  near 
the  castle  site  and  at  Kirn,  2  Established 
churches,  2  Free  churches,  2  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  2  Episcopalian 
churches,  Baptist  and  Roman  Catholic 
chapels,  3  public  schools,  and  several 
local  institutions.  The  parochial  church 
is  a  prominent  Gothic  edifice  of  1816  ; 
one  of  the  Free  churches  was  erected  in 
1877  ;  and  one  of  the  United  Presbyterian 
churches  in  1875.  Pop.  of  the  town,  4687. 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Inellan,  Sandbank,  Ardenadam,  Kdmun, 
Strone,  Blairmore,  and  Ardentinny.  Its 
length  is  about  18  miles;  its  greatest 
breadth  9  miles  ;  its  area  44,595  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £78,550.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  7974 ;  quoad  sacra,  5349. 
The  coast  is  bisected,  to  the  extent  of 
about  2  miles,  by  Holy  Loch ;  measures, 
inclusive  of  curvatures,  at  least  30  miles  ; 
has  a  low  and  mostly  narrow  seaboard, 
with  great  aggregate  of  artificial  ornature. 
and  occupied  to  the  amount  of  at  least  6 
miles  by  town  and  villages ;  and  is  over- 
hung, immediately  behin'd  the  seaboard, 
by  bold  hills  or  mountains.  The  interior 
comprises  5  groups  or  ranges  of  hill  or 
mountain,  and  5  intersecting  vales  or  glens; 
and  it  exhibits,  in  both  its  uplands  and 
its  low  grounds,  a  rich  diversity  of  natural 
feature.  The  chief  seats  are  Toward 
Castle,  Hafton  House,  Glenfinart  House, 


DUN 


149 


DUN 


and  Benmore  House  ;  and  the  chief  an- 
tiquities are  the  sub-basement  of  Dunoon 
Castle,  the  ruin  of  old  Toward  Castle, 
and  the  tower  of  Kilmun  collegiate  church. 
Established  churches  are  at  Toward, 
Inellan,  Sandbank,  Kilmun,  Strone,  and 
Ardentinny  ;  Free  churches  are  at  Inellan, 
Sandbank,  and  Kilmun  ;  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  is  at  Inellan.  Sixteen 
schools  for  1565  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  5  of  them  for  580  are  new. 

DUNPHAIL.    See  Duniphail. 

DUNRAGIT,  railway  station,  post  office, 
and  seat,  5  miles  east-south-east  of  Stran- 
raer, Wigtonshire. 

DUNREGGAN,  suburb  of  Minniehive, 
Dumfriesshire. 

DUNROBIN,  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Suther- 
land, 2  miles  north-east  of  Golspie,  Suther- 
land. It  stands  on  a  ramparted  sea 
terrace,  300  feet  long  ;  includes  a  plain 
castellated  structure  of  1275  ;  is  mainly  a 
great  rectangular  pile  of  1847,  in  mixedly 
French,  German,  and  old  Scottish  styles  ; 
contains  sumptuous  apartments  specially 
prepared  for  occupancy  by  the  Queen  ;  and 
has  very  beautiful  grounds,  containing  two 
Scandinavian  dunes. 

DUNROD,  old  barony  in  Innerkip  parish, 
Renfrewshire.  It  belonged  to  Sir  James 
Lindsay,  the  companion  of  Sir  Robert 
Bruce  ;  and  it  is  traversed  by  a  burn  of  its 
own  name,  spanned  by  a  very  ancient 
bridge,  supposed  to  be  Roman. 

DUNROSSNESS,  parish  in  south  of 
Shetland.  It  comprehends  the  old  par- 
ishes of  Dunrossness,  Sandwick,  and 
Coningsbnrgh ;  comprises  tbe  southern 
extremity  of  Mainland,  to  the  length  of 
about  18  miles ;  includes  the  Islands  of 
Mousa,  Cross,  Colsay,  St.  Ninian,  and 
Fair  Isle  ;  and  has  a  post  office  of  its  own 
name,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Lerwick.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £3728.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  4226  ;  quoad  sacra,  1818.  The 
surface  is  mostly  bleak  and  heathy,  but 
comprises  a  considerable  aggregate  of  land 
fairly  productive  of  coarse  barley  and  oats. 
The  parochial  church  contains  858  sittings. 
Established  churches  are  at  Sandwick  and 
Fair  Isle  ;  Free  churches  at  Dunrossness 
and  Coningsburgh  ;  a  Congregational 
church  at  Sandwick ;  and  Baptist  and 
Wesleyan  churches  at  Dunrossness.  8 
schools  for  602  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  7  of  them  for  567  are  new. 

DUNROSTAN,  rivulet  in  North  Knap- 
dale  parish,  Argyleshire. 

DUNSAPPIE,  lake  on  east  shoulder  of 
Arthur's  Seat,  adjacent  to  Edinburgh. 

DUNSCORE,  parish  on  west  border  of 
Nithsdale,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  of  its  own  name  under  Dumfries, 
and  contains  the  village  of  Cottack.  Its 
length  is  11  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3k 
miles  ;  its  area  14,815  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £13,675.  Pop.  1405. 
The  surface  includes  fertile  alluvial  lands 
adjacent  to  the  Nith ;  extends  westward 


thence,  across  Gleneslin  rivulet,  to  the 
upmost  reach  of  the  Urr  ;  and  consists 
chiefly  of  three  vales  or  glens  with  enclosing 
hills.  Ellisland  farmhouse,  once  occupied 
by  the  poet  Burns,  Lag  Tower,  the  ruined 
seat  of  the  Griersons,  and  Friar's  Carse, 
with  vestiges  of  ancient  monastery,  are  in 
the  east ;  and  Bogrie  and  Sundaywell 
Towers,  famous  in  the  history  of  the  Cove- 
nanters, are  in  the  west.  The  churches  are 
Established, Free, and  United  Presbyterian. 
There  are  3  schools  for  302  scholars,  and  1 
of  them  and  enlargements  for  167  are  new. 

DUNSCRIBEN,  vitrified  fort  on  hill  over- 
looking Loch  Ness,  in  Urquhart  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

DUNSCUDDEBURGH,  Scandinavian  fort 
in  Kilmuir  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

DUNSE,  town  and  parish  in  Berwick- 
shire. The  town  stands  on  a  plain  ad- 
jacent to  Dunse  Law,  1\  miles  north-north- 
east of  Greenlaw ;  took  its  name  from  an 
ancient  town  on  the  top  of  Dunse  Law, 
figuring  much  in  the  Border  wars,  and 
destroyed  in  16th  century;  was  founded 
about  1588  as  a  successor  to  that  town,  and 
partly  engirt  for  a  long  time  by  a  deep 
morass  ;  ranks  now  as  the  political  capital 
of  Berwickshire  conjointly  with  Greenlaw ; 
is  a  great  centre  of  marketing  business,  and 
publishes  a  weekly  newspaper  ;  comprises 
a  fine  market  square  and  spacious  streets ; 
and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments, a  railway  station,  3  banking  offices, 
2  hotels,  County  Buildings,  a  steepled 
Gothic  town  hall,  a  parochial  church  de- 
stroyed by  fire  in  1879,  and  restored  at  a 
cost  of  nearly  £1000  in  1880-81,  a  Free 
church,  3  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
an  Episcopalian  church,  a  public  school  for 
500  scholars,  erected  in  1880-  81  at  a  cost  of 
£5760,  and  a  public  library  opened  in  1875. 
Pop.  2437. — The  parish  is  1\  miles  long 
and  3^  miles  broad,  and  comprises  ll,39ti 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £27,099. 
Pop.  3353.  The  north-western  section  is 
part  of  the  Lammermoors,  and  attains  an 
extreme  altitude  of  1065  feet ;  and  the 
south-eastern  section  is  part  of  the  Merse, 
and  mostly  fertile  and  highly  cultivated. 
Dunse  Law  measures  about  2\  miles  round 
the  base,  rises  to  an  altitude  of  630  feet, 
has  a  tabular  summit  of  about  30  acres, 
and  was  twice  entrenched  and  occupied  by 
the  Covenanters'  army  under  General 
Leslie.  The  seats  are  Dunse  Castle, 
Manderston,  Wedderburn,  Wellfield, 
Cumledge,  Cairnbank,  and  Berrywell  ; 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  vestiges  of  the 
Covenanters'  camp  and  the  site  of  Edins- 
hall.  There  were,  prior  to  the  formation  of 
the  school  board,  9  schools  for  600  scholars. 

DUNSE,  hill  in  Roxburgh  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

DUNSHELT,  village  about  a  mile  south- 
east of  Auchtermuchty,  Fife.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Auchtermuchty.    Pop.  414. 

DUNSINNAN,  hill  and  seat,  8  miles 
north-east  of  Perth.  The  hill  is  conical, 
flat-topped,  and  1012  feet  high  ;  commands 


DUN 


150 


DUR 


a  very  fine  view ;  and  was  formerly  crowned 
with  a  strong  castle,  said  to  have  been 
built  by  Macbeth. 

DUNSKAITH,  ruined  large  ancient 
castle  on  Loch  Eishart,  in  Sleat  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

DUNSKEATH,  quondam  castle,  built  by 
William  the  Lion,  on  north  side  near 
mouth  of  Cromarty  Firth,  Ross-shire. 

DUNSKEIG,  hill,  with  two  ancient  forts, 
one  of  them  vitrified,  at  south  side  of 
mouth  of  West  Loch  Tarbert,  Argyleshire. 

DUNSKELLAR,  place  in  North  Uist, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  96  scholars. 

DUNS  KELLY,  grotto  in  Kirkpatrick- 
Fleming  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

DUNSKERRY,  islet  in  Pentland  Firth, 
4  miles  north  of  Farout-head,  Sutherland. 

DUNSKEY,  seat  and  ruined  baronial 
fortalice  near  Portpatrick,  Wigtonshire. 

DUNSTAFFNAGE,  ruined  famous  ancient 
castle,  3|  miles  north  of  Oban,  Argyleshire. 
It  stands  on  a  tabular  rock  at  south  side  of 
mouth  of  Loch  Etive  ;  appears  to  have 
been  erected  in  latter  part  of  12th  century  ; 
occupies  the  site  of  a  chief  seat  of  the 
Dalriadan  kings  ;  belonged  to  successively 
the  Macdougals  and  the  Campbells ;  was 
maintained  as  a  fortress  till  the  rebellion 
of  1745  ;  is  a  quadrangular  pile,  measuring 
87  feet  interiorly  on  each  side  ;  rises  to  a 
height  of  66  feet,  with  round  towers  at  the 
corners ;  and  is  noticed  in  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  Lord  of  the  Isles.  A  cemetery  with 
ruined  ancient  chapel  is  in  its  vicinity, 
and  may  have  been  the  burying  place  of 
some  of  the  Dalriadan  kings.  A  celebrated 
slab,  said  to  have  been  a  coronation-seat  at 
Dunstaffnage,  was  afterwards  used  as 
such  at  Scone,  and  taken  thence  by  Ed- 
ward I.  to  England,  and  is  now  in  the 
throne  on  which  the  British  sovereigns 
are  crowned. 

DUNSYRE,  village  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village  stands 
6J  miles  east  of  Carnwath,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Dolphinton,  a  railway  station, 
a  parochial  church,  and  a  public  school. 
The  parish  is  6  miles  long  and  5  miles 
broad,  and  comprises  10,743  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5974.  Pop.  254. 
Most  of  the  surface  lies  higher  than  700 
feet  above  sea-level,  and  a  steep  hill  on  it 
rises  to  the  height  of  1813  feet.  Only 
about  3000  acres  are  arable,  and  a  large 
extent  is  wild  moor.  The  parish  was 
traversed  by  a  Roman  road,  retains 
traces  of  it,  and  was  a  retreat  of  the 
Covenanters. 

DUNTARVIE,  estate  in  Abercorn  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

DUNTAULICH,  seat  at  foot  of  Loch 
Tummel,  Perthshire. 

DUNTAYNISH,  hill  in  North  Knapdale 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

DUNTIBLAE,  place,  with  factories,  near 
Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire.  It  was  the 
residence  and  death-place  of  AValter  Wat- 
son, author  of  well-known  Scottish  lyrics. 


DUNTOCHER,  town,  on  rivulet  amid 
opening  of  Kilpatrick  Hills,  9  miles  north- 
west of  Glasgow.  It  is  modern,  but  con- 
tains an  ancient  bridge,  believed  to  be 
Roman,  and  adjoins  a  hill  on  which 
Roman  relics,  preserved  in  Glasgow  Uni- 
versity museum,  were  found;  and  it  has 
a  post  office  under  Glasgow,  4  factories, 
Established,  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  a 
public  school.    Pop.  1572. 

DUNTREATH,  ancient  strong  castellated 
mansion,  once  the  seat  of  the  Earls  of 
Lennox,  now  a  seat  of  Admiral  Sir  William 
Edmonstone,  Bart.,  on  Blane  river,  in 
Strathblane  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

DUNTROON,  modernized  strong  ancient 
castellated  mansion,  1^  mile  north-west  of 
Port  Crinan,  Argyleshire. 

DUNTRUNE,  estate  in  Dundee  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

DUNTULM,  bay,  fragment  of  old  castle, 
and  post  office  under  Portree,  in  Kilmuir 
parish,  Isle  of  Skye.  The  bay  is  but  partly 
sheltered,  yet  affords  anchorage  and  some 
harbourage.  The  castle  stood  on  a  lofty 
mural  rock,  washed  by  the  sea ;  sprang 
from  a  Scandinavian  fort  into  a  condition 
of  great  strength  and  grandeur;  and  was 
the  residence  of  the  Macdonalds,  descend- 
ants of  the  Lords  of  the  Isles. 

DUNURE,  fishing  village  and  ruined  old 
castle  on  small  bay  5£  miles  north-west  of 
Maybole,  Ayrshire.  The  castle  was  the 
original  seat  of  the  noble  family  of  Ken- 
nedy, dated  from  very  early  times,  had 
great  strength,  and  figured  much  in  pro- 
vincial history. 

DUNVEGAN,  sea-loch,  hamlet,  and  cas- 
tellated mansion  in  north-west  of  Skye. 
The  loch  separates  Vaternish  peninsula 
from  Duirinish -proper,  is  about  10  miles 
long,  and  diminishes  from  a  width  of  about 
7  miles  to  almost  a  point.  The  hamlet  lies 
near  the  loch's  head,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Portree,  an  inn,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  84  scholars.  The  mansion 
stands  on  a  peninsulated  rock  in  vicinity 
of  the  hamlet ;  is  an  imposing  structure, 
variously  very  ancient,  mediaeval,  and 
modern  ;  was  visited  by  Dr.  Johnson  and 
Sir  Walter  Scott ;  figures  in  their  accounts 
of  demonology,  and  in  Smith's  Summer  in 
Skye  ;  and  contains  Rory  More's  drinking- 
cup,  mentioned  in  one  of  Burns'  songs. 

DUNWAN.    See  Dunewan. 

DUPPLIN  CASTLE,  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Kinnoul,  near  the  Earn,  5  miles  south- 
west of  Perth.  It  was  rebuilt  in  1832,  at 
a  cost  of  more  than  £30,000;  is  in  the  Tudor 
style  ;  has  fine  grounds,  with  about  370 
acres  of  stately  wood  ;  and  was  visited  in 
1842  by  Queen  Victoria.  Dupplin  parish, 
around  the  castle,  was  the  scene  of  a  battle  in 
13;->2  between  Edward  Baliol  and  the  Earl  of 
Mar,  and  was  annexed  in  1618  to  Aberdalgie. 

DURADEN,  ravine  and  village,  2|  miles 
east- south-east  of  Cupar,  Fife.  The  ravine 
is  winding  and  picturesque,  intersects  the 


DUR 


151 


DUT 


hill-range  flanking  south  side  of  Strath- 
eden,  and  is  traversed  by  a  rivulet  running 
about  7  miles  north-north-eastward  to  the 
Eden.  The  village  stands  in  the  ravine, 
is  a  seat  of  some  manufacture,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Cupar.    Pop.  328. 

DURAN,  hill,  5  miles  south-east  of 
Thurso,  Caithness. 

DURHAMTOWN,  village  in  Bathgate 
parish,  Linlithgowshire.    Pop.  166. 

DURIE,  seat  near  Leven,  Fife. 

DURIN,  place,  with  good  inn,  on  north 
coast  of  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

DURINISH.    See  Duirinish. 

DURISDEER.    See  Durrisdeer. 

DURN,  burn,  running  to  the  sea  at 
Portsoy,  and  hill,  with  quartz  quarry 
and  remains  of  ancient  camp,  in  Fordyce 
parish,  Banffshire. 

DURNESS,  parish  in  north-western  ex- 
tremity of  Sutherland.  It  has  a  post 
office  of  its  own  name,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Lairg ;  and  it  com- 
prises the  north-western  extremity  of  the 
Scottish  mainland  to  the  extent  of  18  by 
15  miles,  and  includes  several  islets.  Keal 
property  in  1880-81,  £6470.  Pop.  987. 
The  coast  extends  westward  from  Whiten- 
head  to  Cape  Wrath,  and  southward  from 
Cape  "Wrath  to  Sandwood  Bay  ;  measures, 
exclusive  of  sinuosities,  about  22  miles  ; 
includes,  in  the  north,  Farouthead,  Loch 
Eriboll  mouth,  and  Durness  Bay ;  and, 
over  most  of  its  extent,  both  on  the  north 
and  on  the  west,  is  bold,  lofty,  cliffy,  and 
cavernous.  Loch  Eriboll  and  the  Kyle  of 
Durness  strike  far  southward  from  the 
north  coast,  and,  with  streams  entering 
their  head,  cut  the  interior  into  three 
sections  with  distinctive  names  ;  and  Loch 
Hope,  a  long  fresh-water  lake,  extending 
to  within  1^  mile  of  the  sea,  cuts  the 
most  easterly  section  into  two.  Benhope 
and  the  Moin  are  on  the  eastern  boundary ; 
and  mountain  ranges,  upland  masses,  and 
deep  moss  tracts  occupy  so  much  ground 
throughout  the  interior  as  to  leave  but  a 
very  small  aggregate  of  arable  land.  The 
prevailing  aspect  is  wildly  highland.  A 
strikingly  interesting  object  is  Smoo  Cave; 
a  principal  residence  is  Balnakiel;  and  chief 
antiquities  are  numerous  standing-stones, 
cairns,  and  Scandinavian  dunes.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free.  The 
chief  public  school  has  accommodation  for 
121  scholars,  and  there  are  minor  appliances 
of  education  for  the  sequestered  districts. 

DUROR,  rivulet,  hamlet,  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  north  of  Appin  district,  Argyle- 
shire.  The  rivulet  runs  about  7  miles 
westward  to  Loch  Linnhe  at  5  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Ballachulish.  The  hamlet 
lies  on  the  rivulet  near  its  mouth,  and  has 
a  post  office  designated  of  Argyleshire,  an 
inn,  a  church  with  323  sittings,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  63  scholars.  Pop. 
of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  489. 

DURRAN,  quondam  lake,  now  rich 
meadow,  in  Olrig  parish,  Caithness. 

DURRIS,  parish,  with  church,  on  the 


Dee,  4^  miles  east  of  Banchory,  Kincar- 
dineshire. It  has  a  post  office  of  its  own 
name  under  Aberdeen.  Its  length  is  7f 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  5  miles  ;  its 
area  15,294  acres.  Real  property  in  1880- 
81,  £9949.  Pop.  1014.  The  surface  in- 
cludes level  meadow  land  adjacent  to  the 
Dee,  hillocky  acclivities  in  the  central 
parts,  and  skirts  of  the  Grampians  upwards 
of  1000  feet  high  in  the  south.  Durris 
House,  a  modern  mansion  connected  by 
long  colonnade  with  an  ancient  one,  is 
the  chief  residence.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free ;  and  the  public 
schools  are  2  new  ones,  with  accommoda- 
tion for  230  scholars. 

DURRISDEER,  village  and  parish  in 
Nithsdale,  Dumfriesshire.  The  village 
stands  5J  miles  north  of  Thornhill,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Thornhill,  a 
parochial  church  with  fantastic  mauso- 
leum of  the  Douglas  dukes  of  Queens- 
berry,  and  a  public  school  with  about  90 
scholars.  —The  parish  contains  also  the 
Duke  of  Buccleuch's  seat  of  Drumlanrig 
Castle,  and  part  of  the  village  of  Carron- 
Bridge.  Its  length  is  8J  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  4^  miles ;  its  area  19,717  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £9540.  Pop. 
1107.  The  surface  includes  rich  diversified 
lands  on  both  sides  of  the  Nith,  and 
ascends  to  the  Wallpath  and  to  the 
watershed  of  some  of  the  loftiest  of 
the  Lowther  Mountains.  About  one-half 
of  all  the  land  is  either  pastoral  or  waste. 
The  parish  has  vestiges  of  a  Roman  camp, 
and  was  the  scene  of  Johnnie  o'  Breadislee's 
'woeful  hunting.'  There  are  3  public 
schools  for  248  scholars,  and  they  include 
recent  enlargements  for  80. 

DURY,  burn  and  braes  in  Fowlis- Wester 
parish,  Perthshire. 

DUSK.    See  Dhuisk. 

DUSKER,  islet,  2|  miles  west  of  Tyree, 
Argyleshire. 

DUTHIL,  parish,  comprehending  Duthil- 
proper  and  Rothiemurchus,  on  north-east 
border  of  Inverness-shire.  Duthil-proper 
lies  on  left  side  of  the  Spey,  is  traversed 
by  the  Dulnain,  contains  the  head  post 
office  of  Aviemore,  and  the  post  office 
hamlet  of  Carrbridge,  and  measures  16 
miles  by  13.  Rothiemurchus  lies  on  right 
side  of  the  Spey,  and  measures  10  miles 
by  7.  Real  property  of  the  whole  in 
1880-81,  £10,137.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
1664 ;  quoad  sacra,  1371.  The  surface  of 
Duthil-proper  includes  alluvial  belts  on  the 
Spey  and  the  Dulnain, rises  to  Craigellachie, 
and  ascends  to  the  watershed  of  theMonadh- 
leagh  mountains.  Much  of  the  scenery  is 
highly  picturesque.  Two  objects  of  inte- 
rest are  the  modern  mausoleum  of  the 
noble  family  of  Seafield,  and  the  ruin  of 
the  Grants'  old  tower  of  Muckerath.  The 
churches  are  an  Established  and  a  Free  in 
Duthil-proper,  and  an  Established  in 
Rothiemurchus.  Eight  schools  for  471 
scholars  are  in  the  united  parish,  and  4  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  200  are  new. 


DWA 


152 


EAG 


DWARFIE-STONE,  sandstone  block,  28 
feet  long  and  14  feet  broad,  2  miles  south- 
east of  top  of  "Ward  Hill,  on  Hoy  Island, 
Orkney.  It  has  been  artificially  hollowed, 
is  popularly  associated  with  ancient  Scan- 
dinavian thaumaturgy,  and  may  have  been 
used  in  ancient  heathen  rites. 

DYCE,  village  and  parish  in  Aberdeen- 
shire. The  village  stands  near  junction 
of  Great  North  of  Scotland  Railway  with 
the  Formartine  and  Buchan  line,  7  miles 
north-west  of  Aberdeen,  is  conjoint  with 
Gordon  Place  village,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under 
Aberdeen,  a  railway  station,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  127  scholars.  Pop.  561. — The 
parish  is  about  6  miles  long  and  3  miles 
broad,  and  comprises  5237  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5717.  Pop.  1162. 
The  river  Don  traces  all  the  northern  and 
eastern  boundary.  The  land  adjacent  to  the 
river  is  low  rich  haugh,  and  that  backward 
thence  rises  into  a  low  heathy  hill  about  3 
miles  long.  Granite  is  almost  the  only 
rock,  and  has  been  extensively  quarried. 
The  antiquities  are  an  ancient  Caledonian 
stone  circle  and  several  cairns. 

DYE,  rivulet,  running  about  9  miles 
east-south-eastward,  among  the  Lammer- 
moors  to  the  Whitadder,  at  6  miles  west- 
north-west  of  Dunse,  Berwickshire. 

DYE,  or  WEST  WATER,  small  river, 
running  about  20  miles  east-south-eastward 
to  the  North  Esk,  at  4  miles  north-north- 
east of  Brechin,  Forfarshire. 

DYKE,  village  in  Elginshire,  and  parish 
partly  also  in  Nairnshire.  The  village 
stands  3^  miles  west-by-south  of  Forres,  is 
embosomed  among  trees,  and  has  the 
parochial  church,  a  Free  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  87  scholars.  The 
parish  contains  also  the  villages  of  Kintes- 
sack,  Whitemire,  and  Broom  of  Moy  ;  and 
its  post  town  is  Forres.  It  lies  along 
Moray  Firth  and  Findhorn  river,  and 
measures  about  5^  miles  on  the  coast,  and 
7  miles  southward.  Acres,  in  Elginshire, 
13,550  ;  in  Nairnshire,  29.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £9014  and  £45.  Pop.  1236. 
The  northern  section  is  mostly  filled  with 
the  Culbin  sands ;  and  the  southern  section 
is  variously  sloping  and  undulating,  and 
looks  like  fertile  embellished  champaign. 
Darnaway  Castle,  with  its  pleasure  grounds 
and  forest,is  a  prominent  feature;  and  other 
seats  are  Brodie,  Dalvey,  Moy,  and  Kincorth. 
Hardmoor  Heath,  adjacent  to  the  Culbin 
sands, is  Shakespeare's  scene  of  Macbeth  and 
Banquo's  meeting  with  the  weird  sisters. 

DYKEHEAD,  town  near  Shotts  railway 
station,  Shotts  parish,  Lanarkshire.  Pop. 
1105. 

DYKEHEAD,  village  in  Hamilton  parish, 
Lanarkshire.    Pop.  264. 

DYKEHEAD,  place  near  Kilmaurs,  Ayr- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Kilmar- 
nock. 

DYKEHEAD,  village  near  Kirriemuir, 
Forfarshire. 


DYKEHEAD,  village  near  Bargeddie,  in 
Old  Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

DYKEHEAD,  village  in  Slamannan  par- 
ish, Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  62  scholars. 

DYKEHEAD,  hamlet  in  Port-of-Menteith 
parish,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  51  scholars. 

DYKENOOK,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Fetteresso  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

DYROCK,  affluent  of  the  Girvan,  at  Kirk- 
michael  village,  Ayrshire. 

DYSART,  town  and  parish  on  south 
coast  of  Fife.  The  town  stands  2  miles 
north-north-east  of  Kirkcaldy  ;  dates  from 
at  least  the  latter  part  of  9th  century  ; 
was  long  a  place  of  extensive  saltworks  and 
of  a  brisk  commerce,  conducted  by  what  an 
old  song  calls  the  '  canty  carles  o'  Dysart ; ' 
adjoins  coal  mines,  which  have  often  been 
on  fire,  and  are  exaggeratingly  described  in 
George  Buchanan's  Franciscanus  ;  figures 
also  in  Tennant's  Answer  Fair  ;  has  in  its 
harbour  a  high  rock,  said  to  have  been 
fortified  by  Oliver  Cromwell ;  presents  now 
a  decayed  and  stagnant  appearance  ;  ranks 
as  a  royal  and  parliamentary  burgh,  but 
includes,  in  the  latter  character,  large 
suburbs  bearing  other  names  ;  unites  with 
Kirkcaldy,  Kinghorn,  and  Burntisland  in 
sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  and  has 
a  post  office,  with  all  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Fifeshire,  a  railway  station,  a  bank- 
ing office,  a  plain  steepled  town  hall,  Es- 
tablished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  2  public  schools  with  about 
748  scholars.  Pop.  of  the  parliamentary 
burgb.,10,877. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
suburban  towns  of  Gallatown,Pathhead,and 
Sinclairtown,  and  the  village  of  Boreland. 
Its  length  is  4  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  3 
miles  ;  its  area  4197  acres.  Real  property, 
inclusive  of  the  burgh,  in  1880-81,  £41,393. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  11,601 ;  quoad  sacra, 
7657.  The  coast  measures  about  2J  miles  ; 
is  bold  and  rocky  ;  and  includes  the  Red 
Rocks,  associated  with  old  traditions  of 
witch-burning,  and  presenting  a  romantic 
appearance.  The  interior  rises  gradually  for 
about  a  mile,  and  is  crossed  in  the  northern 
part  by  Ore  river.  A  chief  residence  is 
Dysart  House,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Rosslyn  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  ruins  of 
Ravenscraig  Castle,  and  a  large  stone, 
said  to  commemorate  a  battle  in  9th 
century  between  the  Scots  and  the  Danes. 
An  Established  church  is  at  Pathhead,  and 
Free  churches  are  at  Pathhead  and  Galla- 
town.  8  schools  for  1705  scholars  are  in  the 
parish, and  1  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for 
400  are  new.  The  town  or  parish  gives  the 
title  of  earl  to  the  family  of  Tollemache. 

DYSART,  section  of  Marytown,  Forfar- 
shire. 


EACHAIG,  small  river,  traversing  glen 
of  its  own  name,  from  Loch  Eck  to  Holy 
Loch,  in  Cowal,  Argyleshire. 

EAGERNESS,  headland,  with  site  of  old 


EAG 


153 


EAR 


castle,  on  north-east  side  of  Garlieston 
Bay,  Wigtonshire. 

EAGLE.    See  Edzell. 

EAGLESCARNIE,  seat  in  Bolton  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

EAGLESFIELD,  village  in  Middlebie 
parish,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  department, 
under  Ecclefechan.    Pop.  534. 

EAGLESHAM,  town  and  parish  in  south- 
east of  Benfrewshire.  The  town  stands 
9  miles  south  of  Glasgow  ;  possessed  some 
importance  in  the  time  of  Charles  n. ;  was 
entirely  rebuilt,  on  a  neat  regular  plan, 
subsequent  to  1796 ;  and  lias  a  post  office 
under  Glasgow,  a  banking  office,  a  cotton 
factory,  Established,  Free,  United  Presby- 
terian, and  Boman  Catholic  churches,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  106  scholars. 
Pop.  888. — The  parish  is  about  7  miles 
long  and  6  miles  broad,  and  comprises 
15,666  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£14,675.  Pop.  1385.  The  surface  lies  at 
elevations  of  more  than  500  feet  above  sea- 
level,  has  hills  of  from  1000  to  1200  feet  of 
altitude,  and  includes  a  considerable  aggre- 
gate of  moor.  Polnoon  Lodge  is  a  chief 
residence ;  and  Polnoon  Castle,  the  seat 
of  the  ancestors  of  the  Earl  of  Eglinton, 
but  now  reduced  to  mere  sub-basement, 
is  a  chief  antiquity. 

EAGLESHAY,  or  EGILSHAY,  island  in 
Bousay  parish,  Orkney.  It  lies  about  10 
miles  north  of  Kirkwall ;  measures  3f 
miles  in  length  and  about  1  mile  in 
breadth ;  presents  a  pleasant  lowland 
appearance  ;  was  the  scene  of  the  murder 
of  St.  Magnus ;  contains  a  small  ancient 
Gothic  church,  said  to  be  on  the  spot 
where  he  was  murdered  ;  and  has  a  public 
school.    Pop.  165. 

EAGLESHAY,  or  EGILSHAY,  pastoral 
island  in  east  of  St.  Magnus  Bay,  Shet- 
land. 

EANAIG,  affluent  of  the  Oikell,  on  north 
border  of  Boss-shire. 

EA.RLCAIRNEY,  large  cairn  on  high  sea- 
bank  in  Dalmeny  parish,  Linlithgow- 
shire. 

EARL'S  BURN,  stream,  running  south- 
south-eastward  to  the  Carron,  in  west  of 
St.  Ninian's  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

EARL'S  CROSS,  ancient  monument,  com- 
memorative of  victory  over  Norsemen  in 
13th  century,  near  Dornoch,  Sutherland. 

EARLSFERRY,  decayed  old  royal  burgh, 
5  miles  east-south-east  of  Largo,  Fife.  It 
has  an  ancient  town-hall  and  a  public 
school,  the  latter  with  about  88  scholars. 
Pop.  286. 

EARLSHALL,  estate,  with  interesting 
ancient  mansion,  in  Leuchars  parish, 
Fife. 

EARL'S  HILL,  lofty  hill  adjacent  to 
Earl's  burn,  in  St.  Ninian's  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

EARL'S  HILL,  eminence,  anciently  seat 
of  earldom  of  Buchan  courts,  in  Ellon, 
Aberdeenshire. 

EARL'S  SEAT,  central  summit  of  Lennox 


Hills,  1894  feet  high,  5  miles  north-west  of 
Lennoxtown,  Stirlingshire. 

EARLSTON,  town  and  parish  on  south- 
west border  of  Berwickshire.  The  town 
stands  on  Leader  river,  6  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Lauder ;  was  an  occasional 
residence  of  King  David  I.,  and  then  bore 
the  name  of  Ercildoun ;  passed  to  the 
Earls  of  Dunbar,  and  then  took  the  name 
of  Earlston ;  possesses  a  fragment  of  the 
abode  and  death-place  of  Thomas  the 
Bhymer  ;  consists  chiefly  of  one  long  street 
at  right  angles  with  the  Leader  ;  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Berwickshire, 
a  railway  station,  a  banking  office,  two 
good  inns,  a  town  hall  founded  in  1872,  an 
Established  church,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  of  1881,  another  U.P.  church,  and 
a  large  new  public  school ;  and  carries  on 
manufacture  of  woollens  and  famous 
ginghams.  Pop.  1010. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  the  hamlets  of  Bedpath  and 
Fans.  Its  length  is  7£  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  4  miles  ;  its  ai*ea  9968  acres.  Beal 
property  in  1880-81,  £14,432.  Pop.  1767. 
The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly 
comparatively  flat.  The  chief  hill  rises  to 
a  height  of  1031  feet,  and  has  traces  of  a 
Boman  camp.  The  principal  residences 
are  Carolside,  Cowdenknowes,  Park,  Kirk- 
lands,  and  Mellerstain,  the  last  a  seat  of 
the  Earl  of  Haddington. 

EARLSTON,  seat  of  Sir  William  Gordon, 
Bart.,  on  west  side  of  Kirkcudbright  Bay, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

EARLSTON,  ruined  old  castle,  rivulet, 
and  cascade  on  the  Ken,  in  Dairy  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

EARLY  VALE,  place  at  mouth  of  burn, 
with  fine  waterfall,  and  adjacent  to  narrow 
rocky  gorge,  on  upper  part  of  Eddlestone 
river,  Peeblesshire. 

EARN,  lake  and  river,  giving  name  to 
Strathearn  district,  Perthshire.  The  lake 
lies  in  head  of  the  strath  ;  extends  7  miles 
eastward,  with  width  of  from  1  to  1£  mile ; 
has  a  surface  elevation  of  303  feet  above 
sea-level,  and  in  some  parts  a  depth  of 
about  600  feet ;  has  wooded  shores  of 
various  contour,  and  average  breadth  of 
about  \  mile ;  is  overhung  by  mountain 
summits  from  1889  to  2225  feet  high, 
mostly  within  If  mile  of  its  margin,  and 
by  still  higher  ones  within  4£  miles ;  and 
exhibits  scenery  of  much  beauty  and 
grandeur,  but  without  corresponding  diver- 
sity or  force.  The  river  runs  from  the 
lake  eastward  to  the  Tay  at  6  miles  south- 
east of  Perth  ;  has  a  length  of  only  27 
miles  measured  in  straight  line,  but  is  so 
sinuous  as  to  have  a  length  of  probably 
about  70  miles  measured  along  its  bed ; 
and  is  famous  for  the  brilliance  and  variety 
of  its  scenery  down  to  Crieff,  and  for 
exquisite  beauty  thence  to  the  Tay. 

EARN,  rivulet,  running  about  7  miles 
north-eastward  to  the  White  Cart,  at  2 
miles  north  of  Eaglesham,  Benfrew- 
shire. 


EAR 


154 


EAS 


EARN  (BRIDGE  OF).  See  Bridge  of 
Earn. 

EARNOCK,  seat  in  Hamilton  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

EARNSIDE,  ancient  forest,  now  extinct, 
on  south  side  of  head  of  Firth  of  Tay, 
about  4  miles  downward  from  mouth  of 
river  Earn,  Perthshire  and  Fife. 

EASDALE,  island  and  village,  12  miles 
south-west-by-south  of  Oban,  Argyleshire. 
The  island  lies  so  near  Seil  as  to  be  sepa- 
rated by  only  a  good  natural  harbour  ;  has 
an  area  of  only  about  1  square  mile,  and 
lies  so  low  as  to  require  protection  from 
the  billows  by  embankings  of  debris,  but 
is  all  a  quarry  of  prime  roofing-slates ; 
produces  about  five  millions  of  them  a 
year;  and  has,  at  one  part,  been  worked 
down  to  120  feet  below  sea-level. — The 
village,  in  one  sense,  stands  all  on  the 
island,— in  another  sense,  includes  a  vil- 
lage on  Seil ;  conducts  much  business  in 
export  of  slates,  and  by  regular  calls  of 
the  steamers  between  the  Clyde  and  the 
north ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Oban,  and  a  public  school  with  about  80 
scholars.  Pop.  of  the  part  on  Easdale 
Island,  452. 

EASNAMBROC,  fall  of  about  30  feet  on 
River  Glass,  about  a  mile  above  Fasnacoil, 
Inverness-shire. 

EASSIE,  parish  on  west  border  of  For- 
farshire. It  has  a  railway  station  of  its 
own  name,  8  miles  west-south-west  of 
Forfar ;  and  its  post  town  is  Glammis,  1^ 
mile  east  of  its  eastern  border.  Its  length 
is  4|  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  2|  miles  ; 
its  area  5053  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £8923.  Pop.  561.  The  western 
section  is  part  of  Strathmore  ;  and  the 
eastern  one  is  part  of  the  slopes  of  the 
Sidlaw  Hills.  Eassie  burn  comes  in  from 
Auchterhouse,  and  runs  altogether  6 
miles  windingly  to  the  Dean  ;  and  that 
river  goes  sluggishly  along  the  northern 
boundary.  The  church  is  a  handsome 
modern  edifice ;  and  the  public  school 
includes  a  new  class-room,  and  has  accom- 
modation for  126  scholars. 

EAST  ABERDEEN,  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Aberdeen.    Pop.  4207. 

EAST  BALRYMONTH,  hill  in  St.  An- 
drews parish,  Fife. 

EASTBANK,  seat  in  Erskine  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

EAST  BARNS.    See  Barns  (East). 

EAST  CALDER.    See  Calder  (East). 

EAST  COALTOWN,  village  in  Wemyss 
parish,  Fife. 

EASTEND,  seat  in  Carmichael  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

EASTER    ANSTRUTHER.     See  An- 

STRUTHER. 

EASTER  BRAKY,  estate  in  Kinnell 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

EASTER  BUCKIE.    See  Buckie. 

EASTER  CLUNE,  place,  with  ruined 
ancient  fortalice  and  site  of  ancient 
chapel,  in  Birse  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 


EASTER  DOWN,  one  of  the  Ochil  Hills, 
green  to  the  summit,  in  Fossaway  parish, 
Perthshire. 

EASTER  ELCHIES,  seat,  once  occupied 
by  the  distinguished  judge  Lord  Elchies, 
in  Knockando  parish,  Elginshire. 

EASTERFIELD,  place  in  Inverkeithny 
parish,  Banffshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  60  scholars. 

EASTER  GALLATON.    See  Gallaton. 

EASTER  HALL,  seat  on  the  Clyde,  in 
eastern  outskirts  of  Glasgow. 

EASTER  HOUSE,  place,  with  railway 
station,  4  miles  south-east  of  Glasgow. 

EASTER  HOUSE,  quondam  seat  of  the 
Duke  of  Argyle's  ancestors,  in  Roseneath 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

EASTER  LENZIE,  parish,  constituted  in 
1649,  and  now  called  Cumbernauld,  in 
D  umbartonshire. 

EASTER  OGLE,  seat  in  Tannadice 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

EASTER  ROSS.    See  Ross. 

EASTER  ROSSLAND,  hamlet  in  Erskine 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

EASTER  SKENE,  seat  in  Skene  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

EASTERTOWN,  hill  in  Fyvie  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

EASTERTYRE,  seat  on  the  Tay,  between 
Logierait  and  "Weein,  Perthshire. 

EASTFIELD,  village  near  Rutherglen, 
Lanarkshire.  An  Established  iron  church 
was  erected  at  it  in  1879.    Pop.  780. 

EAST  FORTUNE,  railway  station,  3 
miles  east  of  Drem,  Haddingtonshire. 

EAST  GRANGE,  railway  station,  6  miles 
west  of  Dunfermline. 

EAST  HAVEN,  fishing-village,  with  rail- 
way station,  5  miles  south-west  of  Arbroath, 
Forfarshire. 

EAST  HEAD,  headland  near  Portsoy, 
Banffshire. 

EAST  HELMSDALE,  suburb  of  Helms- 
dale, 17  miles  north-east  of  Golspie, 
Sutherland.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  164  scholars.    Pop.  53. 

EASTHOUSES,  village  in  Newbattle 
parish,  Edinburghshire.    Pop.  415. 

EAST  KILBRIDE.  See  Kilbride 
(East). 

EAST  KILPATRICK.  See  Kilpatrick 
(New). 

EAST  LINTON.    See  Linton  (East). 
EAST  LOTHIAN.     See  Haddington- 
shire. 

EASTMAINS,  scene  of  alleged  ancient 
great  battle  in  Dunnichen  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

EAST  MONKLAND.  See  Monkland 
(New). 

EAST  MORRISTON.    See  Marystown. 

EASTMUIR,  village  in  Shettleston 
parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  227  scholars. 

EAST  MUIRHOUSE,  estate  in  Eaglesham 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

EAST  NEUK  O'  FIFE,  tract  around  Fife- 
ness,  at  eastern  extremity  of  Fife. 

EAST  NEWPORT,  village,  with  railway 


EAS 


155 


ECK 


station  between  West  Newport  and  Tay- 
port,  on  north  coast  of  Fife. 

EAST  OF  FIFE  RAILWAY,  railway,  con- 
tinuous with  the  Leven  line,  eastward  from 
Leven  to  Anstruther,  on  south  coast  of 
Fife. 

EAST  or  NEW  GREENOCK.  See  Green- 
ock. 

EAST  PERTH.    See  Perth. 
EAST  PORT,  eastern  part  of  Kirkcaldy, 
Fife. 

EAST  SALTON,  village  in  Salton  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

EASTSIDE,  or  STEINSCHOLL,  section  of 
Kilmuir  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

EASTSIDEWOOD,  tract,  with  mineral 
field,  in  Carnwath  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

EAST    STRATHAVEN.     See  Strath- 

AVEN. 

EAST  THIRD,  section  of  Smailholm 
village,  Roxburghshire. 

EAST  WATER,  upper  reach  of  North 
Esk  river,  running  about  22  miles  east- 
south-east  and  south-south-eastward  to 
confluence  with  West  Water,  at  4  miles 
north  -  north  -  east  of  Brechin,  Forfar- 
shire. 

EAST  WEMYSS,  coast  village,  contain- 
ing Wemyss  parochial  church,  and  a  post 
office  under  Dysart,  3  miles  south-west 
of  Leven,  Fife.    Pop.  855. 

EASTWOOD,  parish,  containing  Pollock- 
shaws  and  Thornliebank  towns  and  Shaw- 
lands  village,  on  border  of  Renfrewshire, 
near  south  -  west  side  of  Glasgow.  Its 
length  is  nearly  4  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  3f  miles ;  its  area  5596  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £61,499.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  13,915 ;  quoad  sacra,  7368. 
The  surface  lies  at  an  elevation  of  from 
about  30  to  about  300  feet  above  sea  level ; 
is  an  assemblage  of  flats,  vales,  and  many 
swells  and  small  hills,  with  intersections  of 
the  White  Cart  and  other  streams  ;  and 
presents,  in  the  aggregate,  a  very  beautiful 
appearance.  Sandstone,  limestone,  iron- 
stone, and  coal  are  worked.  Pollock 
House,  a  seat  of  Sir  John  M.  Maxwell, 
Bart.,  is  a  prominent  mansion.  Two  Estab- 
lished churches,  2  Free  churches,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church,  a  United  Original 
Secession  church,  and  a  Roman  Catholic 
church  are  in  Pollockshaws,  an  Established 
church  is  in  Shawlands,  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  is  in  Thornliebank. 
Nine  schools  for  2191  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  an  enlargement  for  448  is  new. 

EASTWOOD,  seat  near  Dunkeld,  Perth- 
shire. 

EAST  YELL,  hamlet  on  Yell  Island, 
Shetland.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Lerwick. 


EATHACH,  extensive  tract,  alternately 
lake  and  meadow,  on  Gauir  river,  on  north- 
west border  of  Perthshire. 

EBRIE,  small  affluent  of  the  Ythan, 
Aberdeenshire. 

EBUDJE.    See  Hebrides. 

ECCLEFECHAN,  village,  6  miles  south- 
east-by-south of  Lockerby,  Dumfriesshire. 


It  stands  on  a  large  burn,  bridged  through- 
out the  village  in  1876  ;  was  the  birthplace 
of  Thomas  Carlyle  ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  a  banking  office,  an  inn,  a  Free 
church,  a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and 
a  large  public  school.    Pop.  768. 

ECCLES,  village  and  parish  on  south 
border  of  Berwickshire.  The  village  stands 
5  miles  west-by-north  of  Coldstream,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Coldstream,  a 
parochial  church,  a  Free  church,  a  pub- 
lic school  with  about  112  scholars,  and 
remains  of  an  ancient  nunnery.  The 
parish  contains  also  the  villages  of  Leitholm 
and  Birgham.  Its  length  and  greatest 
breadth  are  each  about  5^  miles ;  and  its 
area  is  12,418  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £27,356.  Pop.  1546.  The  sur- 
face, with  exception  of  some  slight  ridges, 
is  all  level,  and  very  fertile.  The  seats 
are  Eccles  House,  Anton's  Hill,  Kames, 
Belch  ester,  Bughtrig,  Mersington,  Spring- 
hill,  Stoneridge,  and  Purves  Hall ;  and  the 
chief  antiquity  is  a  curious  sculptured 
sandstone  monument.  A  United  Presby- 
terian church  is  at  Leitholm,  and  3  schools 
with  accommodation  for  318  scholars  are 
in  the  parish. 

ECCLESIAMAGIRDLE,  section  of  Dron 
parish,  surrounded  by  Dunbarney,  in 
Perthshire. 

ECCLESMACHAN,  parish,  with  church 
hamlet,  2i  miles  west  -  south  -  west  of 
Winchburgh,  Linlithgowshire.  Its  post 
town  is  Linlithgow.  It  is  intersected  to 
the  extent  of  about  a  mile  by  a  wing  of 
Linlithgow  parish  ;  and  it  measures  5 
miles  from  end  to  end,  If  mile  in  extreme 
breadth,  and  2647  acres  in  area.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £3690.  Pop.  278. 
Each  of  the  two  sections  consists  of  a 
sloping  hill-ridge.  The  public  school  has 
about  85  scholars. 

ECHOBANK,  village,  2  miles  south- 
south-east  of  centre  of  Edinburgh.  Pop. 
372. 

ECHT,  parish,  averagely  12  miles  west  of 
Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post  office  of  its  own 
name  under  Aberdeen.  Its  length  and 
breadth  are  each  about  4^  miles,  and  its 
area  is  11,948  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £7486.  Pop.  1297.  The  broad- 
based  lofty  hill  of  Fare  is  partly  on  the 
south-western  border ;  and  the  conical, 
wooded,  and  pretty  high  hill  of  Barmekin 
is  in  the  north-west  corner.  The  rest  of 
the  surface  also  is  hilly,  but  nowhere  high, 
and  is  arable  even  to  the  summits  of  many 
of  its  hills.  The  chief  residence  is  Dun- 
echt  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  a 
Danish  camp,  a  large  Pictish  work,  several 
cairns,  and  remains  of  three  ancient  Cale- 
donian stone  circles.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free ;  and  the  public 
schools  are  2,  with  about  124  scholars. 

ECK,  lake,  terminating  4  miles  north  of 
head  of  Holy  Loch,  in  Cowal,  Argyleshire. 
It  extends  7^  miles  from  north  to  south ; 
has  a  nearly  uniform  width  of  about  ^  mile; 


ECK 


156 


EDE 


and  lies  in  a  fine  glen  flanked  by  lofty- 
heights. 

ECKFORD,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
east of  Teviotdale,  Roxburghshire.  The 
village  stands  on  the  Teviot,  6  miles  south- 
by-west  of  Kelso  ;  suffered  severely  in  the 
Border  warfare  ;  and  contains  the  parochial 
church  with  about  300  sittings,  and  a  pub- 
lic school  with  about  64  scholars. — The 
parish  contains  also  the  small  villages  of 
Eckfordmoss,  Cessford,  and  Caverton ;  and 
its  post  town  is  Kelso.  Its  length  is  6-£ 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  4£  miles ;  its 
area  9997  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£14,298,  Pop.  912.  The  surface  is 
mostly  undulating,  but  rises  gradually  to- 
wards the  south,  and  includes  there  con- 
siderable eminences  with  extensive  views. 
The  seats  are  Kirkbank  and  Mainhouse ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  Cessford  Castle 
and  sites  of  several  peel  towers.  There 
are  2  schools  with  accommodation  for  199 
scholars. 

ECKFORDMOSS,  small  village  in  Eck- 
ford  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

EDAY,  island  and  parish  near  middle  of 
North  Isles,  Orkney.  The  island  is  1\ 
miles  long  from  north  to  south,  and  from 
\  mile  to  3  miles  broad  ;  consists  chiefly  of 
moderately  high  hills ;  contains  so  much 
turbary  as  to  supply  most  of  Northern 
Orkney  with  peat  fuel ;  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Kirkwall,  a  small  inn,  2  good 
harbours,  an  Established  church,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church,  a  Baptist  chapel  of 
1882,  and  2  public  schools  with  jointly 
about  126  scholars.  Pop.  730.  The  parish 
contains  also  the  islets  of  Red  Holm, 
Pharay  Holm,  Calf  of  Eday,  and  two 
others  ;  but  is  united  to  Stronsay. 

EDDERACHYLLIS,  parish,  containing 
the  post  office  village  of  Scourie,  on  west 
coast  of  Sutherland.  Its  length  is  28 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth,  exclusive  of 
islands,  Y[\  miles.  Real  property  in  1880- 
81,  £5075.  Pop.,  quoad  ciyilia,  1525; 
quoad  sacra,  580.  The  islands  are 
numerous,  but  only  Handa  is  of  any  note. 
Kyle-Skou  projects  all  its  great  length 
on  the  southern  boundary  ;  Lochs  Laxford 
and  Inchard  project  so  far  into  the  interior 
as  to  cut  it  into  three  sections  ;  and  Loch 
Badcall  and  some  smaller  sea-inlets  form 
good  natural  harbours.  The  interior  is 
the  most  rugged  tract  in  Scotland ;  exhibits 
crags,  ravines,  precipitous  hills,  wild  glens, 
alpine  peaks,  winding  lakes,  and  impetu- 
ous streams  in  bewildering  commixture ; 
and,  excepting  a  remarkably  small  aggre- 
gate of  arable  land,  is  all  deer  forest, 
sheep-walk,  or  irreclaimable  waste.  The 
antiquities  are  remains  of  an  ancient  Cale- 
donian stone  circle,  and  two  Scandinavian 
forts.  The  churches  are  2  Established  and 
2  Free.  There  are  3  schools  for  194 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  an  enlarge- 
ment for  82  are  new. 

EDDERTOUN,  parish,  with  church  5£ 
miles  west  -  by  -  north  of  Tain,  on  north 
border  of  Ross.    It  has  a  post  office  desig- 


nated of  Ross-shire,  and  a  railway  station. 
Its  length  is  10  miles ;  its  breadth  8. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4662.  Pop.  789. 
The  north  border  lies  along  Dornoch 
Firth,  and  has  mostly  a  sandy  shore.  The 
interior  consists  of  hill-ranges,  with  inter- 
vening hollows ;  and  has  summits  from 
about  600  to  upwards  of  1000  feet  high, 
commanding  extensive  views.  Two  sculp- 
tured Scandinavian  monuments  stand  near 
the  old  church,  and  numerous  dilapidated 
Scandinavian  dunes  are  on  the  hills.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free ;  and 
the  schools  are  2  with  accommodation  for 
150  scholars. 

EDDLESTONE,  small  river,  village,  and 
parish  in  Peeblesshire.  The  river  runs  12 
miles  southward  to  the  Tweed  at  Peebles. 
The  village  stands  on  the  river,  4  miles 
north  of  Peebles,  dates  from  ancient  times, 
but  was  reconstructed  in  last  century,  and 
has  a  post  office  designated  of  Peeblesshire, 
a  railway  station,  a  handsome  church  of  1829, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  83  scholars. 
The  parish  is  10  miles  long  and  5£  miles 
broad,  and  comprises  18,490  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £10,320.  Pop.  711. 
The  surface  is  chiefly  a  fine  vale,  flanked 
by  verdant  or  wooded  hills,  and  bordered 
by  high  uplands.  The  chief  residences  are 
Darn  Hall,  Portmore,  and  Cringletie, — the 
first  a  seat  of  Lord  Elibank. 

EDDRACHILLIS.    See  Edderachyllis. 

EDEN,  river,  running  about  24  miles 
east-north-eastward  to  St.  Andrews  Bay, 
in  Fife.  Most  of  its  basin  is  rich  low 
valley ;  and  its  terminal  reach,  about  2| 
miles  long,  is  estuary,  mostly  bare  at  low 
water. 

EDEN,  small  river,  running  about  17 
miles,  first  southward,  then  eastward,  to 
the  Tweed,  at  Z\  miles  north-east  of 
Kelso,  Roxburghshire. 

EDEN,  seat,  and  ruined  ancient  fortalice, 
in  King  Edward  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

EDENDON,  affluent  of  the  Garry,  near 
Dalnacardoch,  in  Athole,  Perthshire. 

EDENHAM.    See  Ednam. 

EDENKILLIE,  parish,  with  church  8f 
miles  south  of  Forres,  on  west  border  of 
Elginshire.  It  contains  the  post  office  of 
Duniphail  designated  of  Morayshire.  Its 
length  is  13  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  7 
miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £5980. 
Pop.  1175.  The  surface  lies  along  right 
bank  of  the  Findhorn  ;  rises  gradually  from 
plain  on  the  north  to  Knock  of  Moray  in  the 
extreme  south ;  is  often,  with  reference  to 
its  gradual  ascent,  called  Brae-Moray ;  and 
contains  a  large  aggregate  of  picturesque 
scenery.  The  seats  are  Duniphail,  Relugas, 
Logie,  and  a  shooting  lodge  of  the  Earl  of 
Moray ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  the 
ruins  of  Duniphail  and  Lochindorb  castles, 
and  vestiges  of  a  very  ancient  fort.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free.  There 
are  4  schools  for  425  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  150  are 
new. 

EDENSHEAD,   or  GATESIDE,  village, 


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157 


EDI 


with  United  Presbyterian  church,  in 
Strathmiglo  parish,  Fife. 

EDENSTON,  village  on  south  border  of 
Collessie  parish,  Fife. 

EDENWOOD,  seat  in  Ceres  parish,  Fife. 

EDERDOUN.    See  Eddertoun. 

EDERHAM.    See  Edeom. 

EDERLEN,  lake  in  Glassary  parish,  Ar- 
gyleshire. 

EDGEBUCKLIN,  brae  on  east  side  of 
Inveresk  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

EDGERSTON,  seat  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  7^  miles  south-south-east  of  Jed- 
burgh, Roxburghshire.  The  parish  has 
a  church  with  200  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  66  scholars.    Pop.  358. 

EDINAMPLE,  ancient  castellated  man- 
sion in  mouth  of  Glenample,  1£  mile  south- 
east of  Lochearnhead,  Perthshire. 

EDINBANE,  village,  with  post  office 
under  Portree,  in  Isle  of  Skye.    Pop.  277. 

EDINBELLY,  estate,  with  remains  of 
old  mansion,  in  Balfron  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

EDINBURGH,  metropolis  of  Scotland. 
Its  centre  at  General  Post  Office,  reckoned 
as  the  '  crow  flies,'  is  2\  miles  south-south- 
east of  Granton  harbour,  33  south-west  of 
Fifeness,  68  north  of  head  of  Solway  Firth, 
115  north-east  of  Mull  of  Galloway,  129 
south-east  of  Ardnamu^chan  Point,  190 
south  of  John  o'  Groat's  House,  and  337 
north -north-west  of  London.  Its  initial 
spot  is  the  Castle  Rock,  about  5  furlongs 
west-south-west  of  General  Post  Office. 
That  rock  has  an  altitude  of  445  feet 
above  sea-level,  measures  about  700  yards 
in  circumference,  is  an  erupted  rugged 
mass  of  greenstone,  and  presents  to  the 
north,  the  west,  and  the  south  a  bare 
face  mostly  precipitous  and  partly  mural. 
A  wedge-shaped  hill,  wanting  the  upper 
edges  and  averagely  about  -J-  mile  broad, 
commences  in  the  rock,  extends  about  a 
mile  eastward,  makes  a  gradual  descent 
from  end  to  end,  and  is  flanked  on  north 
side  by  a  vale,  on  south  side  by  a  ravine. 
A  belt  of  plain  strikes  eastward  from  the 
hill's  foot,  and  is  grandly  overhung  on 
south  side  by  Salisbury  Crag  and  Arthur's 
Seat.  A  diversified  plateau,  with  very 
gentle  southern  slope,  lies  beyond  the 
ravine  on  south  side  of  wedge-shaped 
hill,  has  elevations  of  from  150  to  ISO 
feet  above  sea-level,  and  is  overlooked  in 
the  south-west  by  Blackford  and  Braid 
Hills.  A  similar  plateau,  but  more  in 
the  form  of  a  broad-based  ridge,  lies 
beyond  the  vale,  on  north  side  of  wedge- 
shaped  hill,  extends  westward  to  winding 
ravine  of  Water  of  Leith,  measures  about 
a  mile  in  length  and  £  mile  in  breadth,  and 
terminates  at  its  east  end  in  a  considerable 
eminence.  Calton  Hill  commences  im- 
mediately east  of  that  eminence,  is  two- 
thirds  engirt  by  narrow  ravine,  measures 
about  5  furlongs  by  3,  rises  to  a  height  of 
344  feet  above  sea-level,  and  subsides  on 
the  east  into  wide  inclined  plane  extend- 
ing to  the  Forth.   The  entire  site  of  the 


city  and  its  immediate  environs  presents 
such  an  assemblage  of  heights,  hollows, 
acclivities,  and  ravines,  with  manifold 
diversity  of  feature,  as  must  have  made  it 
richly  picturesque  in  its  merely  natural 
condition,  and  as  now  gives  striking  effect 
to  the  romantic,  beautiful,  and  diversified 
arrays  of  the  city's  architecture.  Views 
of  the  exterior,  from  thousands  of  points, 
near  and  far,  all  round,  are  exquisitely 
fine ;  and  views  in  the  interior,  especially 
from  the  Castle  and  Calton  Hill,  and 
even  from  innumerable  points  on  the 
streets,  include  very  grand  urban  display, 
and  combine  it  with  riant  rural  scenery 
away  to  distant  sea  and  mountain. 

The  ancient  Caledonians  could  scarcely 
fail  to  regard  the  Castle  Rock  as  a  strong 
defensive  position,  and  they  are  supposed 
to  have  erected  on  it  a  series  of  rude  forts. 
Edwin,  king  of  Saxon  Northumbria,  in 
626,  either  seized  the  last  of  these  or 
otherwise  took  possession  of  the  site,  and 
erected  on  it  a  strong  castle.  This  he 
called  Edwinsburg ;  and  it  gave  origin  or 
name  to  the  town,  and  for  a  long  time 
ruled  its  fortunes.  The  town  continued 
to  be  Saxon  till  about  1020,  and  then 
passed  to  the  king  of  Scotland.  Malcolm 
Canmore  fortified  it,  David  I.  constituted 
it  a  royal  burgh,  and  both  they  and  a 
number  of  their  successors  made  it  their 
occasional  residence.  Both  town  and 
castle,  especially  the  latter,  suffered  great 
mutations  during  the  wars  of  the  Succes- 
sion ;  but  they  soon  afterwards  attained 
such  prosperity  as  to  be  the  largest  town 
and  the  strongest  fortress  then  in  Scotland; 
and,  notwithstanding  some  reverses,  they 
continued,  till  the  national  union  with 
England,  to  be  the  seat  of  royal  admini- 
stration and  the  meeting-place  of  parlia- 
ments. Chief  events  which  disturbed  it, 
in  the  interval  till  the  Union,  were  a 
devastation  by  the  English  in  1385,  the 
recoil  after  the  battle  of  Flodden,  the 
contention  of  parties  during  the  minority 
of  James  v.,  and  the  turmoil  and  civil 
war  in  the  time  of  Queen  Mary  ;  and  the 
chief  events  afterwards  were  depression  of 
trade  consequent  on  the  Union,  the  tumult 
called  the  Porteous  Mob  in  1736,  the  pre- 
sence of  the  rebel  army  in  1745,  the  visit 
of  George  iv.  in  1822,  and  visits  of  Queen 
Victoria  in  1842  and  subsequent  years. 

The  nucleus  of  the  town  was  a  small 
village,  on  ground  now  within  the  espla- 
nade in  front  of  east  side  of  the  present 
castle,  on  a  level,  ascertained  in  1850  to 
be  more  than  20  feet  below  the  present 
surface.  The  village  grew  sufficiently  to 
be  of  some  note  about  the  middle  of  9th 
century  ;  and  it  possessed  then,  or  earlier, 
some  defensive  fortifications.  The  town 
extended  slowly  thence,  down  the  back 
and  sides  of  the  wedge-shaped  hill,  about 
3^  furlongs  to  Netherbow  ;  it  afterwards, 
from  about  middle  of  12th  century  till 
about  middle  of  16th,  acquired  the  suburbs 
of  Canongate,  Pleasance,  Cowgate,  Potter- 


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158 


EDI 


row,  Bristo,  and  "Westport ;  it  was  forti- 
fied in  1450  by  a  wall  round  its  main 
body,  and  in  1513  by  a  second  wall  round 
its  southern  suburbs ;  it  grew,  within  the 
first  wall,  by  ascent  into  the  air,  or  by 
substitution  of  loftier  and  still  loftier 
houses  for  less  lofty  ones,  till  it  became 
a  proverb  for  tenements  of  from  four  or 
five  to  ten  or  twelve  storeys  high  ;  and,  in 
the  latter  part  of  last  century,  it  suddenly 
broke  beyond  its  old  limits,  and  began 
to  undergo  extensions  and  improvements 
which  have  marvellously  altered  it  in  both 
size  and  character.  Opei-ations  were  done, 
including  erection  of  the  North  Bridge, 
to  create  a  new  town  on  the  northern 
plateau  ;  measures  were  adopted  to  con- 
struct genteel  new  quarters  in  the  south  ; 
and  great  clearances  were  made  to  form  a 
main  thoroughfare  across  the  middle  of 
the  wedge-shaped  hill  and  over  the  southern 
ravine,  in  line  with  the  North  Bridge. 
The  New  Town  progressed,  from  time  to 
time,  till  it  became  as  large  as  all 
the  Old  Town  and  suburbs  ;  the  Calton 
Hill  began,  in  1814,  to  be  approached  and 
terraced  by  elegant  new  thoroughfares ; 
the  upper  part  of  the  southern  ravine,  in 
1825  and  following  years,  was  crossed  by 
the  new  wide  street  of  George  IV.  Bridge  ; 
the  south  limb  of  the  Castle  Rock,  in  the 
same  years,  was  terraced  with  a  spacious 
approach  from  the  western  low  outskirts 
to  the  site  of  the  original  Old  Town  ;  and 
eventually,  after  about  30  years  of  pause, 
spirited  plans  were  adopted,  and  soon 
carried  into  execution,  for  great  extensions 
in  the  western  and  the  southern  outskirts, 
and  for  cutting  new  airy  thoroughfares 
through  the  densest  parts  of  the  old 
town. 

The  entire  city  now,  exclusive  of  salient 
suburbs,  measures  about  2  miles  from  east 
to  west,  and  about  2£  from  north  to  south. 
A  main  street,  of  different  names  and 
different  parts,  occupies  all  the  back  of 
the  wedge-shaped  hill,  from  the  Castle 
esplanade  to  foot  of  Canongate  ;  presents 
picturesque  blendings  of  old  and  new 
architecture ;  and  is  winged  partly  with 
the  new,  airy,  cross  thoroughfares,  but 
mostly  with  densely-edificed  narrow  closes, 
extending  down  the  hill's  slopes.  Another 
main  street,  commencing  at  North  Bridge, 
and  bearing  different  names  in  different 
parts,  goes  southward  through  all  the  Old 
Town  to  the  open  country  in  the  south- 
east. A  curious  line  of  street,  with  the 
squalid  but  once  aristocratic  Cowgate  in 
its  middle,  occupies  all  the  southern  ravine. 
The  most  notable  of  the  new  ventilating 
streets,  Chambers  Street,  spacious  and 
imposing,  but  short,  runs  parallel  to  the 
western  half  of  Cowgate,  and  occasioned 
the  removal  of  much  nuisance  from  the 
old  southern  suburb.  The  section  im- 
mediately south  of  that  is  variously  old 
and  modern,  has  undergone  great  improve- 
ment, and  is  bordered  on  the  south  by  the 
Meadows,  a  fine  public  park  f  mile  long. 


The  sections  farther  south,  south-east, 
and  south-west  are  nearly  all  modern, 
extend  to  great  length  and  breadth,  in- 
clude the  suburbs  of  Newington,  Grange, 
Morningside,  Merchiston,  and  two  others 
progressing  or  contemplated  in  1877, 
and  abound  in  beauties  and  ameni- 
ties. The  northern  vale  was  formerly 
occupied  by  a  lake  called  North  Loch  ;  was 
crossed,  near  the  middle,  at  the  forming 
of  the  New  Town,  by  a  slowly-accumulated, 
broad,  high,  earthen  mound,  now  serving 
the  purposes  of  a  bridge ;  and  is  now  partly 
occupied  by  the  North  British  Railway 
works,  but  mainly  disposed  in  two  large 
ornate  public  gardens.  The  New  Town, 
though  all  compact,  and  covering  the 
whole  of  the  northern  plateau,  consists,  as 
to  date  and  form,  of  four  sections.  The 
southern  section  was  erected  in  1767-1800, 
extends  westward  from  vicinity  of  North 
Bridge,  is  a  regular  parallelogram  of  about 
1300  by  about  363  yards,  and  comprises 
Princes  Street  and  Queen  Street  along  its 
sides,  George  Street  along  its  centre,  two 
large  squares  at  its  ends,  and  five  streets  at 
right  angles  with  Princes  Street  and  Queen 
Street.  The  northern  section  was  erected 
in  1803-22,  is  separated  from  the  southern 
section  by  a  fine  large  range  of  gardens, 
forms  a  parallelogram  shorter  and  broader 
than  the  other  parallelogram,  and  has 
curves  in  two  of  its  streets  and  in  the 
squares  at  its  ends.  The  eastern  section 
was  erected  partly  at  the  same  time  as  the 
southern  one,  but  chiefly  in  years  till  1827, 
extends  to  the  eastern  extremity  of  Calton 
Hill,  and  has  great  diversity  in  both  the 
alignment  and  the  structure  of  its 
thoroughfares.  The  western  section  was 
erected  chiefly  in  three  periods,  from  about 
1822,  1850,  and  1866,  extends  to  the  west 
at  the  Water  of  Leith  ravine,  and  com- 
prises a  rectangle  of  streets,  a  spacious 
twelve-sided  place,  four  double  crescents, 
and  a  number  of  terraces,  single  crescents, 
and  connecting  streets.  Stockbridge  and 
Dean  suburbs,  on  opposite  side  of  Water 
of  Leith,  have  much  variety  of  at  once 
date,  site,  and  form,  but  include  portions 
of  similar  character  to  that  of  the  western 
section. 

The  building  material  of  most  of  the 
city  is  a  hard,  silicious,  fine-grained  sand- 
stone ;  serves  nearly  as  well  as  marble  for 
carving  and  sculpture ;  retains  for  a  long 
time  its  freshness  of  aspect,  and  has,  in 
consequence,  given  powerful  effect  to  both 
beauty  and  durability  of  construction.  The 
architecture  of  the  older  parts  of  the  Old 
Town  exhibits  many  styles,  often  in  curious 
juxtaposition ;  includes  many  specimens 
of  the  Scottish  varieties  prevalent  in  the 
16th,  17th,  and  18th  centuries  ;  and  has 
numerous  groups  which,  either  in  them- 
selves, or  by  contiguity  with  others,  or  by 
position  on  precipice  or  vantage-ground, 
are  strikingly  romantic  or  picturesque. 
The  architecture  of  the  new  parts  and 
the  new  suburbs  of  the  Old  Town,  and  of 


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159 


EDI 


the  entire  New  Town,  comprises  much — 
perhaps  far  too  much — in  the  simple  Italian 
style,  yet  includes  a  great  aggregate  of  all 
the  varieties  of  the  Renaissance, — includes 
also  many  specimens  of  all  kinds  of  Gothic 
and  a  few  of  Saxon  and  Norman;  and  it  is 
plainest  in  the  parts  erected  before  the 
close  of  last  century,  and  became  progres- 
sively richer  in  both  variety  and  elegance 
in  the  progress  of  the  city's  extension. 

Holyrood  challenges  prime  attention,  but 
will  be  separately  noticed.— The  Castle, 
except  for  about  100  yards  on  the  east, 
crowns  the  verge  of  the  entire  circuit  of 
its  lofty  precipitous  rock ;  presents  to  the 
space  on  the  east  a  palisaded  barrier, 
with  deep  dry  fosse ;  comprises  buildings 
of  widely  different  periods  and  remarkably 
different  structure  ;  possesses  a  great  fund 
of  historical  and  antiquarian  associations  ; 
lost  much  or  nearly  all  its  military  value 
in  result  of  the  inventions  of  modern 
artillery ;  and  continues  to  be  useful 
chiefly  for  the  purpose  of  a  large  garrison  ; 
but,  together  with  the  cliffs,  fissures,  and 
saliences  of  the  rock  which  it  surmounts, 
is  such  a  picturesque  acropolis  as  very  few 
places  in  the  world  can  boast.  The  access 
to  it  goes  through  the  barrier,  across  a 
drawbridge,  through  a  gateway  flanked  by 
batteries,  up  a  causeway  between  rock 
and  wall,  and  through  a  long  vaulted 
archway  with  traces  of  ancient  portcullises 
and  gates.  The  further  ascent  passes  a 
northward  battery,  a  spacious  armoury,  a 
high  bastion,  the  governor's  house,  and  a 
westward  lofty  factory-like  suite  of  bar- 
racks, and  turns  upward  to  the  left, 
through  a  gateway,  into  the  citadel.  This 
contains  the  King's  Bastion,  with  Mons 
Meg  and  a  most  magnificent  view-point  on 
the  north-west ;  St.  Margaret's  chapel, 
the  oldest  extant  building  in  Edinburgh, 
on  the  north-east ;  and  the  Half-Moon 
battery,  with  14  guns  and  electric  time- 
gun,  on  the  east ;  and  is  occupied  by  the 
Palace  Yard  on  the  south.  That  yard  is  a 
square  of  100  feet  each  way,  edificed  on 
all  sides  ;  and  includes  a  large  embellished 
barrack,  the  old  parliament  hall,  the  old 
royal  palace  with  James  vi.'s  birth- 
chamber,  and  the  Crown-room  with  the 
ancient  regalia  of  Scotland.  The  espla- 
nade in  front  of  the  castle  measures  about 
120  by  100,  was  formerly  engirt  by  strong 
military  outworks,  serves  now  as  garrison 
parade-ground  and  public  promenade,  con- 
tains monuments  of  the  Duke  of  York  and 
of  soldiers  who  fell  in  the  Indian  Mutiny, 
and  commands  extensive  views  of  the  city 
and  environs. 

The  Government  offices  and  Court  of 
Session  halls,  in  Parliament  Square,  have 
a  uniform  facade  of  1S08,  with  arcade 
piazza,  gallery,  Doric  portico,  balustrade, 
and  surmounting  sphinxes.  Parliament 
House,  behind  that  facade,  was  erected  in 
1632-40,  at  a  cost  of  £11,600;  was  the 
meeting- place  of  the  Scottish  parliaments 
from  1639  till  1707  :  and  retains  its  great 


hall,  measuring  122  feet  by  49,  and  con- 
taining statues  of  seven  distinguished  law 
lords.  The  County  Hall,  near  Parliament 
Square,  was  erected  in  1817  at  a  cost  of 
£15,000.  The  Sheriff  Court  Buildings,  on 
George  IV.  Bridge,  were  erected  in  1865-68 
at  a  cost  of  more  than  £44,000.  The 
Municipal  Buildings,  misnamed  the  Royal 
Exchange,  on  north  side  of  High  Street, 
were  erected  in  1753-61  at  a  cost  of 
£31,457 ;  form  a  quadrangle  with  open 
court  96  feet  by  86  ;  and  have  a  rear  front 
100  feet  high.  The  Police  Office,  opposite 
the  Municipal  Buildings,  was  erected  in 
1849  and  enlarged  in  1875.  The  Register 
House,  at  east  end  of  Princes  Street,  was 
founded  in  1774  and  completed  in  1822  at 
a  cost  of  £80,000,  and  is  a  rectangular 
structure  of  200  feet  by  120,  with  dome 
over  central  circular  saloon  court.  Two 
supplemental  buildings  behind  the  Register 
House  serve  for  respectively  registration 
of  births,  deaths,  and  marriages,  and  con- 
servation of  important  documents ;  and 
the  former  was  erected  in  1857-60  at  a 
cost  of  nearly  £27,000 ;  the  latter,  a  cir- 
cular structure  60  feet  high,  in  1871.  The 
General  Post  Office,  opposite  the  Register 
House,  presents  a  front  of  140  feet  to 
Princes  Street,  and  a  flank  of  180  feet  to 
North  Bridge,  and  was  erected  in  1861-66 
at  a  cost  of  about  £120,000.  The  Prisons, 
eastward  from  the  head  of  Waterloo  Place, 
occupy  a  shoulder  of  Calton  Hill  on  crown 
of  a  lofty  cliff ;  comprise  three  groups,  the 
western  erected  in  1815-17,  the  middle  in 
1791-96,  the  eastern  in  1845-47 ;  are  all 
in  castellated  style,  with  imposing  appear- 
ance ;  and  were  designed  in  1881  to  be 
extensively  reconstructed. 

The  North  Bridge,  connecting  High 
Street  with  east  end  of  Princes  Street, 
was  erected  in  1767-72  at  a  cost  of  about 
£18,000 ;  has  open  arches  in  a  central 
reach  of  310  feet,  but  measures  1125  feet 
in  total  length ;  stands  68  feet  high  at  the 
open  arches  ;  and  was  widened  and  other- 
wise improved  after  1873.  Waverley 
Bridge,  spanning  the  vale  at  270  yards 
farther  west,  has  connection  with  the 
North  British  Railway  terminus,  was  en- 
tirely reconstructed  in  1870-73,  and  com- 
prises three  spacious  iron  skew  reaches  of 
310,  293,  and  276  feet.  The  Mound,  cross- 
ing the  vale  at  about  300  yards  west  of 
"Waverley  Bridge,  was  formed  in  years 
from  1781  till  1830,  by  free  deposits  of 
earth  ;  would  have  cost  about  £50,000  had 
the  deposits  been  paid  for ;  is  fully  800 
feet  long,  about  300  feet  broad,  and  from 
62  to  100  feet  high ;  and  underwent  im- 
provement and  ornamentation  subsequent 
to  the  erection  on  it  of  the  Art  Galleries. 
Regent  Bridge,  forming  part  of  Waterloo 
Place,  spans  the  ravine  at  west  base  of 
Calton  Hill ;  has  a  single  arch  50  feet 
wide  and  about  50  feet  high,  with  colon- 
naded parapets ;  and  affords,  from  its 
southern  parapet,  a  curious  view  of  much 
of  the  Old  Town.     The  South  Bridge, 


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160 


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crossing  the  southern  ravine  on  line  with 
North  Bridge,  was  erected  in  1785-88  at 
a  cost  of  more  than  £50,000  for  clearances 
and  about  £15, 000  for  con  struction ;  has  only- 
one  open  arch,  but  comprises  19  beneath 
street  architecture ;  and  overlooks,  from 
its  parapet  railings,  the  low  squalid  street- 
line  of  Cowgate.  George  IV.  Bridge, 
crossing  the  same  ravine  about  3  furlongs 
to  the  west,  was  erected  in  1825-36  as 
part  of  a  city  improvement,  which  cost 
about  £400,000 ;  includes  three  groined  open 
arches  over  the  Cowgate,  seven  concealed 
arches,  and  a  series  of  embankments ;  and 
forms  a  spacious  street  about  300  yards 
long.  Dean  Bridge,  crossing  the  Water  of 
Leith  ravine  at  about  3  furlongs  from  west 
end  of  Princes  Street,  was  erected  in  1832  ; 
is  447  feet  long,  39  wide,  and  106  high; 
has  four  arches,  each  96  feet  in  span ;  and 
commands  a  rich  view  along  the  ravine 
and  away  to  Fife. 

The  Bank  of  Scotland,  on  northward 
slope  in  line  with  George  IV.  Bridge,  was 
erected  in  1806  at  a  cost  of  £75,000,  and 
enlarged  and  beautified  in  1868-70  ;  forms 
a  conspicuous  feature  in  the  romantic 
north  flank  of  the  Old  Town,  as  seen  from 
Princes  Street ;  and  has  a  rear  front,  arch- 
based,  broad,  and  very  lofty,  with  sur- 
mounting dome  crowned  by  an  emblematic 
statue.  The  Koyal  Bank,  on  east  side  of 
St.  Andrew's  Square,  opposite  the  line  of 
George  Street,  was  originally  the  town 
mansion  of  Sir  Lawrence  Dundas,  ancestor 
of  the  Earl  of  Zetland  ;  and  stands  at  the 
head  of  an  enclosed  recess,  containing  an 
equestrian  monument  of  the  martial  Earl 
of  Hopetoun.  The  British  Linen  Com- 
pany's Bank,  immediately  south  of  that 
recess,  was  mainly  built  in  1851-52  at  a 
cost  of  £30,000 ;  and  has  a  front  with  six 
fluted  Corinthian  columns,  surmounted  by 
emblematic  statues.  The  National  Bank, 
between  the  British  Linen  Company's  and 
West  Register  Street,  is  plain,  and  was 
enlarged  rearward  in  1868.  The  Com- 
mercial Bank,  in  the  section  of  George 
Street  adjacent  to  St.  Andrew's  Square, 
was  erected  in  1847,  and  has  a  rich  hexa- 
style  Corinthian  portico  with  beautiful 
group  of  tympanum  sculpture,  represented 
on  the  bank's  notes.  The  Clydesdale 
Bank,  at  corner  of  George  Street  and 
Hanover  Street,  was  erected  in  1842  for 
the  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow  Bank,  now 
extinct,  and  is  in  ornate  Italian  style. 
The  Union  Bank,  in  George  Street  to  the 
east  of  Frederick  Street,  was  erected 
in  1874-78,  and  has  a  rich  Italian  frontage 
of  more  than  100  feet.  The  Merchant 
Hall,  in  South  Hanover  Street,  was  built 
in  1867  for  the  City  of  Glasgow  Bank,  has 
a  florid  Italian  front,  and  became  the 
Merchant  Hall  in  1879.  The  Corn  Ex- 
change, in  Grassmarket,  was  erected  in 
1849  at  a  cost  of  nearly  £20,000,  includes 
an  arcade  152  feet  long,  and  is  occasionally 
used  for  public  demonstrations.  The 
Green  Market,  at  corner  of  Princes  Street  | 


and  Waverley  Bridge,  was  formed  in  1869, 
greatly  improved  prior  to  1877,  and  further 
improved  at  later  date  ;  stands  on  a  lofty 
arched  basement  so  strong  that  a  City  Hall 
to  cost  about  £250,000  was  at  one  time 
proposed  to  be  erected  on  it ;  has  a  terraced 
garden  roof,  well-lights,  and  gallery  ;  and 
includes  a  spacious  area,  often  used  for 
public  demonstrations,  promenade  concerts, 
and  great  shows. 

The  North  British  Railway  terminus, 
behind  the  Green  Market  and  eastward 
under  North  Bridge,  was  extensively  re- 
constructed and  enlarged  in  1869-73  ;  has 
spacious  platforms,  north  and  south,  920 
and  975  feet  long,  with  lofty  glazed  ridge- 
and-valley  roofs  ;  possesses  a  booking  hall 
97  feet  long  and  40  feet  wide,  together 
with  waiting  rooms,  dining  room,  and 
buffet ;  and  serves  for  the  entire  North 
British  system  to  all  points  of  the  compass. 
The  Caledonian  Railway  station,  adjacent 
to  the  west  end  of  Princes  Street,  was 
erected  in  1869  as  merely  a  temporary 
structure  ;  stands  on  part  of  an  extensive 
site,  purchased  and  cleared  at  enormous 
cost ;  and  is  to  be  superseded  by  a  splendid 
durable  structure,  with  adjoining  great 
hotel.  A  South-side  Suburban  Railway 
was  authorized  on  behalf  of  the  North 
British  Company  in  1865,  but  failed  to  be 
formed  chiefly  for  financial  reasons ;  was 
re-projected  by  an  independent  company 
near  the  end  of  1879,  to  be  formed  on  a 
share  capital  of  £225,000 ;  and  is  to  be 
about  6^  miles  long,  and  to  curve  round 
from  Haymarket  station  into  junction  with 
the  main  line  near  Portobello.  The  street 
tramway  system  was  commenced  in  1871 ; 
includes  a  circular  route  of  about  5  miles 
from  General  Post  Office  by  way  of  North 
Bridge,  Newington,  Grange,  Morningside, 
Lothian  Road,  and  Princes  Street  back  to 
the  starting-point ;  has  lines  to  Coltbridge, 
Leith,  Newhaven,  and  Portobello ;  and 
was  proposed  in  1881  to  have  further  ex- 
tension. 

The  Prince  Consort's  Monument,  in 
centre  of  Charlotte  Square,  was  produced 
slowly  at  a  cost  of  about  £16,500,  and  in- 
augurated in  1876  by  the  Queen  ;  is  a 
quasi  -  pyramidal  structure  about  32  feet 
high ;  has  four  groups  of  statues  on  blocks 
at  the  corners  of  the  basement,  and  em- 
blematic bas  -  reliefs  in  panels  of  the 
pedestal ;  and  is  surmounted  by  a  colossal 
equestrian  statue  of  the  Prince.  The  first 
Lord  Melville's  Monument,  in  centre  of 
St.  Andrew's  Square,  was  erected  in  1821 
at  a  cost  of  £8000,  and  consists  of  pede- 
stal, pillar,  and  statue,  altogether  150 
feet  high.  The  second  Lord  Melville's 
Monument,  in  centre  of  Melville  Street, 
consists  of  only  pedestal  and  statue. 
George  iv.'s,  Pitt's,  and  Chalmers' 
Monuments,  at  crossings  in  George  Street, 
and  Simpson's,  Ramsay's,  Wilson's,  Black's, 
and  Livingstone's  Monuments,  in  Princes 
Street,  are  all  pedestalled  statues,  most  of 
them  quite  recently  erected.    Sir  Walter 


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Scott's  Monument,  on  the  esplanade  of  East 
Princes  Street  Gardens,  was  erected  in 
1840-44,  at  a  cost  of  £15,650 ;  is  a  crucial 
Gothic  spire,  rising  from  basement-arches 
to  a  height  of  200  feet ;  is  adorned  with 
much  sculpture,  and  with  numerous 
statuettes  ;  and  contains  a  marble  sitting 
statue  of  Sir  Walter,  obtained  at  a 
separate  cost  of  £2000.  The  Duke  of 
Wellington's  Monument,  in  front  of  the 
Register  House,  was  erected  in  1852  at  a 
cost  of  £10,000,  and  consists  of  a  syenite 
pedestal  and  an  equestrian  statue  re- 
spectively 13  and  14  feet  high.  Nelson's 
Monument,  crowning  a  cliff  on  south 
shoulder  of  Calton  Hill,  was  erected  in 
1815 ;  comprises  an  octagonal  house- 
basement  and  a  circular  five-storeyed  tower ; 
has  a  total  height  of  102  feet ;  and  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  time  -  ball.  The  National 
Monument,  in  north-eastern  vicinity  of 
Nelson's,  was  founded  in  1822,  and 
designed  to  be  similar  to  the  Parthenon  at 
Athens,  at  a  cost  of  £50,000 ;  but  was 
erected  to  only  a  small  extent,  at  a  cost  of 
about  £16,000,  and  presents  the  appear- 
ance of  a  picturesque  ruin.  Playf air's  and 
Dugald  Stewart's  Monuments,  also  on 
Calton  Hill,  are  respectively  a  solid  Doric 
square  and  a  canopied  Corinthian  cyclo- 
style. Burns'  Monument,  on  brink  of 
Regent  Road  Terrace,  overlooking  Canon- 
gate,  was  erected  in  1830 ;  comprises  a 
twelve-columned  Corinthian  cyclostyle, 
with  ornate  cupola  ;  and  contains  a  bust 
and  many  interesting  relics  of  Burns. 

The  University,  with  front  to  South 
Bridge  and  flanks  to  Chambers  and  South 
College  Streets,  was  erected  in  successive 
portions  from  1789  till  1834  ;  forms  a  court- 
enclosed  parallelogram,.  358  feet  long  and 
255  feet  broad  ;  has  exterior  elevations  in 
Grseco-Italian  stjde,  and  interior  ones  in 
Doric,  Ionic,  Corinthian,  and  Venetian 
styles ;  is  pierced  in  its  front  with  three 
lofty  arches,  and  adorned  there  with  six 
lofty  Doric  monoliths ;  contains  a  rich 
library  hall  of  198  feet  by  50  ;  and  has  39 
professorships,  and  usually  above  2000 
students.  The  New  University  Buildings, 
a  brief  distance  south-west  of  the  Univer- 
sity, were  founded  in  1878,  and  estimated 
to  cost  about  £174,000;  are  in  a  style 
intermediate  between  the  Gothic  and  the 
Palladian ;  and  comprise  a  common  hall 
and  medical  class-rooms.  The  Museum  of 
Science  and  Art,  in  Chambers  Street,  west- 
ward from  the  University,  was  founded  in 
1861,  and  partly  inaugurated  in  1866 ;  ad- 
vanced by  successive  stages  in  subsequent 
years ;  is  in  the  Venetian  Renaissance  style, 
on  a  plan  to  measure  more  than  400  feet 
in  length,  200  feet  in  width,  and  90  feet  in 
average  height ;  and  contains,  in  great 
apartments,  vast  collections  of  everything 
instructive  or  curious  in  all  departments 
of  invention  and  research.  The  School  of 
Arts,  on  opposite  side  of  Chambers  Street, 
was  erected  in  1872-73,  and  contains  a 
spacious  lecture-hall  and  large  class-rooms. 


The  Phrenological  Museum,  adjoining  the 
School  of  Arts,  was  erected  in  1876  at  a 
cost  of  nearly  £5000.  The  Surgeons'  Hall, 
on  east  side  of  Nicolson  Street,  was  erected 
in  1833  at  a  cost  of  £20,000 ;  has  an  ele- 
gant Ionic  portico ;  and  contains  a  rich 
anatomical  and  pathological  museum.  The 
Physicians'  Hall,  in  Queen  Street,  was 
erected  in  1845,  and  has  an  Attic  Corinth- 
ian tetrastyle  surmounted  by  three  statues. 
The  Free  Church  College,  at  head  of  the 
Mound,  was  erected  in  1846-50  at  a  cost 
of  more  than  £30,000 ;  is  in  the  English 
collegiate  style ;  and  forms  a  court-enclosed 
quadrangle  177  feet  long  and  165  broad. 
The  United  Presbyterian  College,  on 
Castle  Terrace,  was  originally  the  Edin- 
burgh Theatre,  erected  in  1875 ;  is  in 
geometric  quasi-Italian  style ;  was  pur- 
chased by  the  United  Presbyterians  in 
1877  for  £26,700,  and  altered  at  a  further 
cost  of  about  £20,000 ;  serves  also  for 
synod  meetings  and  general  church  busi- 
ness ;  and  was  opened  in  1880. 

The  High  School,  on  a  terraced  face  of 
Calton  Hill,  overlooking  Canongate,  was 
erected  in  1825-27  at  a  cost  of  more  than 
£30,000 ;  stands  behind  a  curved  curtain- 
wall  490  feet  long  ;  includes  a  main  build- 
ing of  centre  and  wings  270  feet  long  ;  and 
exhibits  there  striking  features  of  Doric 
portico  and  colonnaded  corridors.  The 
Edinburgh  Academy,  in  Henderson  Row, 
was  erected  in  1824  at  a  cost  of  £12,264, 
and  is  a  low,  spacious  Doric  edifice.  The 
Ladies'  College,  near  west  end  of  Queen 
Street,  superseded  the  Merchant  Maiden 
Hospital  in  Lauriston  ;  was  constructed  in 
1871  by  purchase,  alteration,  and  exten- 
sion of  previous  buildings  ;  and  provides  a 
low-priced  high-class  education  for  up- 
wards of  1200  pupils.  George  Watson's 
College  for  boys,  on  south  side  of  Lauriston, 
includes  the  quondam  Merchant  Maiden 
Hospital,  erected  in  1816  at  a  cost  of 
£12,250 ;  includes  also  a  large  extension 
with  ornamental  front,  erected  in  1872-73 ; 
and  provides  a  low-priced  wide-ranged 
education  for  about  1100  pupils.  George 
Watson's  College  for  girls,  in  George 
Square,  was  much  enlarged  in  1876,  has 
a  neat  Italian  front,  and  gives  a  similar 
education  to  that  in  the  Ladies'  College. 
Gillespie's  School,  at  west  end  of  Brunts- 
field  Links,  was  originally  a  great  alms- 
house, erected  in  1801 ;  is  an  oblong  cas- 
tellated Gothic  structure  ;  and  was  con- 
verted in  1870  into  a  primary  school  for 
boys  and  girls.  Stewart's  College,  about 
350  yards  west  of  Dean  Bridge,  was  erected 
in  1849-53  at  a  cost  of  about  £30,000;  is 
a  spacious  edifice  in  mixed  style  of  old 
Scottish  and  late  domestic  Gothic  ;  served 
till  1871  for  maintaining  and  educating  a 
restricted  number  of  poor  children  ;  and 
was  then  converted  into  a  public  school  of 
similar  character  to  Watson's  College  for 
boys. 

The  Church  of  Scotland  Normal  School, 
in  Johnstone  Terrace,  was  erected  in  1854 

L 


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162 


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at  a  cost  of  about  £10,000,  and  was 
designed  in  1879  to  be  altered  and 
enlarged.  The  Church  of  Scotland  Train- 
ing College,  on  north  side  of  Chambers 
Street,  was  erected  in  1879 ;  has  a  stair- 
case exactly  over  the  spot  where  Sir 
Walter  Scott  was  born ;  and  affords  all 
appliances  for  the  instruction  of  advanced 
male  students.  The  Free  Church  Train- 
ing College,  in  Canongate,  includes  Moray 
House,  the  interesting  old  town  mansion 
of  the  Earls  of  Moray ;  and  has,  behind 
that,  an  edifice  erected  in  1877  at  a  cost 
of  about  £5400.  The  Episcopalian  Train- 
ing College,  in  Dairy  suburb,  includes 
Dairy  House,  purchased,  rearranged,  and 
enlarged  in  1877  ;  and  has,  behind  that,  a 
new  three-storey  brick  building.  Leith 
Walk  Public  School,  a  little  east  of  middle 
of  Leith  Walk,  was  erected  in  1875-76  at 
a  cost  of  about  £9000 ;  is  in  the  decorated 
collegiate  style;  and  has  accommodation 
for  845  scholars.  Canonmills  Public  School, 
a  little  north-west  of  Bellevue  Crescent,was 
erected  in  1879-80  at  a  cost  of  less  than 
£7000 ;  is  in  plain  quasi- Gothic  style ;  and 
has  accommodation  for  about  800  scholars. 
Fountainbridge,  Canongate,  and  Dairy 
Public  Schools  are  of  similar  date  and 
capacity.  The  Heriot  Juvenile  Schools, 
in  eleven  different  localities,  are  all  modern 
and  spacious,  and  mostly  either  neat  or 
ornamental.  Several  denominational 
schools  also  are  of  similar  character. 

Fettes  College,  on  a  gentle  rising  ground 
near  Comely  Bank  suburb,  was  erected  in 
1865-70  at  a  cost  of  about  £150,000;  in- 
cludescollege-proper,threeboarding-houses, 
and  other  buildings ;  is  in  ornate  variety 
of  the  collegiate  pointed  style ;  makes  an 
imposing  figure  in  an  extensive  landscape ; 
and.  serves  partly  for  maintaining  and  edu- 
cating a  restricted  number  of  orphan  boys, 
but  more  largely  for  educating  non-founda- 
tioners on  the  system  of  the  great  public 
schools  of  England.  Heriot's  Hospital, 
between  Lauriston  and  Grassmarket,  was 
erected  in  1628-50  at  a  cost  of  about 
£30,000 ;  underwent  renovation  and  im- 
provement in  1833  and  other  years  ;  forms 
a  quadrangle  of  162  feet  on  each  side,  en- 
closing a  court  of  94  feet  each  way ;  is  in 
unique  style,  allied  to  the  Gothic  and  the 
Tudor ;  maintains  and  educates  120  resident 
boys  and  96  non-resident ;  promotes  the 
after-welfare  of  the  boys,  and  supports 
the  Heriot  juvenile  schools ;  and  had,  in 
1879,  an  income  of  £24,006.  Donaldson's 
Hospital,  about  600  yards  west  of  Hay- 
market,  was  erected  in  1842-51  at  a  cost 
of  about  £100,000,  from  a  bequest  of 
about  £200,000 ;  forms  a  quadrangle  of 
258  by  207  feet,  enclosing  a  court  of  176 
by  164  feet ;  is  in  modified  variety  of 
the  Tudor  style,  with  profusion  of  towers  ; 
figures  conspicuously  in  views  of  many 
miles  to  the  west  and  the  south ;  and 
maintains  and  educates  between  200 
and  300  poor  boys  and  girls.  John  Wat- 
son's  Hospital,  in   Dean  suburb,  was 


erected  in  1825-28  ;  is  a  large  edifice  with 
Doric  portico  ;  and  maintains  and  educates 
about  100  fatherless  children  of  profes- 
sional men.  The  Orphan  Hospital,  also 
in  Dean  suburb,  was  erected  in  1833  at  a 
cost  of  nearly  £16,000;  comprises  large 
centre,  projecting  wings,  Tuscan  portico, 
and  two  arch-cut  towers ;  and  maintains 
and  educates  about  120  boys  and 
girls. 

The  Royal  Institution,  on  north  end  of 
the  Mound,  was  erected  in  1823-36  at  a 
cost  of  £40,000 ;  is  an  oblong  edifice  in 
pure  Doric  style,  with  massive  porticoes 
on  the  ends  and  uniform  columniation 
along  the  sides ;  has  a  colossal  sitting 
statue  of  Queen  Victoria  behind  the  apex 
of  its  north  pediment,  and  large  sphinxes 
on  its  four  angles ;  makes  an  imposing 
figure  in  the  scenery  of  Princes  Street ; 
and  contains  the  School  of  Design,  a 
Sculpture  Gallery,  the  Antiquarian 
Museum,  and  the  chambers  of  the  Royal 
Society  and  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  for 
Manufactures  in  Scotland.  The  Art 
Galleries,  on  the  Mound  immediately  be- 
hind the  Royal  Institution,  were  erected 
in  1850-58  at  a  cost  of  nearly  £40,000; 
are  a  cruciform  edifice,  with  broad,  high 
transept  in  the  middle  ;  have  Ionic  porti- 
coes on  their  north  and  south  ends  and  on 
each  face  of  the  transept ;  comprise  two 
ranges  of  octagonal  apartments,  for  re- 
spectively the  National  Gallery  of  Art 
and  the  Royal  Scottish  Academy,  all 
lighted  by  cupolas  ;  and  are  notable  both 
for  a  rich,  permanent  collection  of  works 
of  art  accessible  to  the  public,  and  for  an 
annual  exhibition  of  the  works  of  living 
artists  from  February  till  May.  The 
Albert  Institute,  in  Shandwick  Place, 
was  projected  in  1876,  to  stand  on  ground 
purchased  for  £25,000,  to  contain  a  pic- 
ture gallery  and  artists'  studios,  and  to 
form  a  '  fine  art  centre  where  pictures 
may  be  exhibited  all  the  year  round.' 

The  Botanic  Garden,  on  west  side  of 
Inverleith  Row,  was  formed  in  1822-24, 
in  lieu  of  a  previous  garden  on  east  side 
of  Leith  Walk,  and  with  safe  removal 
thence  of  all  plants ;  underwent  enlarge- 
ment about  1866,  by  inclusion  of  the  con- 
tiguous Experimental  Gardens  formed  in 
1824 ;  has  now  an  area  of  27J  acres ;  was 
designed  in  1880  to  acquire  new  class- 
rooms with  seats  for  600  students;  and 
contains  a  museum,  a  magnetic  observa- 
tory, extensive  hot-houses,  a  magnificent 
palm-house,  a  Linnaean  arrangement,  a 
Jussieuan  arrangement,  a  large  arboretum, 
extensive  terraced  rockeries,  an  aquarium, 
a  rosary,  and  splendid  parterres.  The 
Public  Arboretum,  contiguous  to  all  the 
Botanic  Garden's  west  side,  lies  around 
Inverleith  House,  and  comprises  about  30 
acres  ;  originated  in  an  agreement  in  1877 
that  £18,408  should  be  paid  for  it  by 
the  City  Corporation,  and  about  £16,000 
by  Government ;  and  began  to  be  laid 
out  and  planted  near  the  end  of  1879. 


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163 


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East  Princes  Street  Gardens,  extending 
from  Waverley  Bridge  to  the  Mound, 
were  laid  out  in  1830,  and  re-formed  in 
1849-50;  have,  on  the  level  of  Princes 
Street,  an  esplanade  about  100  feet  broad ; 
descend  thence,  in  graduated  banks,  to  a 
deep  central  belt  traversed  by  the  North 
British  B,ailway ;  and  comprise  a  remark- 
able aggregate  of  promenade  walks  and 
floral  Ornamentation.  West  Princes  Street 
Gardens,  extending  westward  from  the 
Mound,  were  formed  in  1816-20,  partly 
over  fetid,  marshy  bed  of  the  North  Loch ; 
belonged  to  the  public,  became  private 
property,  and  were  recovered  for  the 
public  in  1876  ;  underwent  much  improve- 
ment in  subsequent  years ;  and,  except 
for  including  a  verdant  ascent  to  the 
Castle  ramparts,  present  a  general  re- 
semblance to  the  East  Princes  Street 
Gardens.  The  Meadows,  in  south  part 
of  the  Old  Town,  measure  about  6  fur- 
longs by  1J ;  were  anciently  covered  with 
a  shallow  lake ;  and  are  now  a  well- 
drained  and  considerably  embellished  public 
park.  Queen  Street  Gardens,  on  north 
border  of  north  New  Town,  measure  about 
4  furlongs  by  half,  serve  as  air-lungs, 
and  present  much  beauty,  but  are  private 
property.  Dean  Bridge  Gardens,  on  north 
bank  of  Water  of  Leith,  below  Dean 
Bridge,  were  formed  in  1877-80  on  ground 
purchased  for  about  £5000,  and  make  a 
fine  display  of  ornate  walks  and  terraced 
plots.  The  Winter  Garden,  near  Hay- 
market,  was  formed  in  1870-71 ;  has  a 
front  130  feet  long,  with  spacious  main 
entrance  stxrmounted  by  a  dome  ;  and  is 
private  property,  but  accessible  to  the 
public. 

The  New  Observatory,  on  crown  of 
Calton  Hill,  was  erected  in  1818  ;  has  the 
form  of  a  Greek  cross,  with  a  Doric  por- 
tico on  each  of  its  four  fronts ;  and.  is 
surmounted  by  a  moveable  dome  13  feet  in 
diameter.  The  Old  Observatory,  adjacent 
to  the  new,  was  erected  in  1776,  and  is  a 
plain  structure,  now  used  as  an  anemo- 
meter. Short's  Observatory,  on  Castle 
Hill,  was  erected  about  1850 ;  contains 
abundant  appliances  for  popular  scientific 
observation  ;  and  has  a  tower  commanding 
a  panoramic  view  of  the  city  and  environs. 
The  Signet  Library,  adjoining  north-west 
side  of  Parliament  House,  was  erected  at 
a  cost  of  £25,000 ;  has  handsome  Grecian 
exterior,  and  richly  ornate  interior;  was 
used  by  George  iv.  for  receptions  at  the 
time  of  a  banquet  given  to  him  in  Par- 
liament House ;  and  contains  numerous 
portraits,  and  about  60,000  volumes. 
The  Advocates'  Library,  behind  the  Signet 
Library,  comprises  apartments  beneath 
Parliament  House,  and  separate  buildings 
toward  George  IV.  Bridge ;  underwent 
extensive  interior  improvement  in  1870-71 ; 
and  contains  numerous  portraits,  many 
literary  curiosities,  about  2000  manu- 
scripts, and  upwards  of  200,000  volumes. 
The  Antiquarian  Museum,  already  men- 


tioned as  in  the  Royal  Institution,  contains 
a  very  extensive  collection  of  all  sorts  of 
old  or  ancient  British  and  foreign  objects 
interesting  to  the  archaeologist  and  the 
scholar.  The  Highland  and  Agricultural 
Society's  Chambers,  on  west  side  of  George 
iv.  Bridge,  were  erected  in  1839 ;  are  an 
ornamental  isolated  edifice  ;  and  formerly 
contained  a  valuable  agricultural  museum, 
now  in  the  University. 

The  Assembly  Booms,  on  south  side  cf 
George  Street  between  Hanover  and 
Frederick  Streets,  were  erected  in  1787, 
and  somewhat  improved  in  1871 ;  are  in 
plain  Italian  style,  with  Doric  portico  on 
piazza  basement ;  and  contain  a  hall  92 
feet  long,  42  wide,  and  40  high.  The 
Music  Hall,  behind  the  Assembly  Rooms, 
and  approached  through  their  entrance, 
was  erected  in  1843  at  a  cost  of  more  than 
£10,000 ;  measures  interiorly  108  feet  by  91 ; 
and  has  a  large  organ  and  very  extensive 
orchestral  accommodation.  The  Masonic 
Hall,  behind  a  house  on  the  same  side  of 
George  Street  farther  west,  was  erected  in 
1858-59,  and  is  much  used  for  public  enter- 
tainments. The  Theatre  Royal,  at  head 
of  Broughton  Street,  succeeded  two 
theatres  on  the  same  site,  destroyed  by 
fire  in  1853  and  1865  ;  was  erected  in  1866, 
gutted  by  fire  in  January  1875,  and  re- 
opened in  January  1876  ;  and  is  a  spacious 
but  plain  structure  with  Italian  front. 
The  Royal  Princess'  Theatre,  on  east  side 
of  Nicolson  Street,  was  much  improved  in 
1876,  and  has  sittings  for  about  1800 
persons.  The  Gaiety  Music  Hall,  in 
Chambers  Street,  was  opened  in  1875,  and 
has  1200  sittings.  Newsome's  Circus,  on 
west  side  of  Nicolson  Street,  succeeded 
the  Queen's  Theatre,  destroyed  by  fire 
in  1877.  Cooke's  Circus,  in  Grindlay 
Street,  was  opened  in  1877 ;  is  a  struc- 
ture partly  of  brick  and  partly  of  wood  ; 
and  has  sittings  for  upwards  of  3000  per- 
sons. The  Calton  Convening  Rooms,  on 
north  side  of  Waterloo  Place,  are  much 
used  for  public  entertainments.  The 
Literary  Institute,  in  South  Clerk  Street, 
was  erected  in  1870  and  improved  in  1875, 
and  includes  a  large  hall  for  lectures  and 
concerts.  Queen  Street  Hall,  in  eastern 
part  of  Queen  Street,  was  erected  in  1847 
as  the  United  Presbyterian  Synod  Hall ; 
is  now  used  for  the  Philosophical  Institu- 
tion's lectures,  and  for  public  meetings  ; 
and  contains  accommodation  for  1100  per- 
sons. The  Royal  Patent  Gymnasium,  on 
depressed  ground  at  the  north-east  verge 
of  northern  New  Town,  was  opened  in 
1865 ;  covers  an  extensive  area ;  and  con- 
tains a  great  variety  of  appliances  for  re- 
creation. 

The  Old  Royal  Infirmary,  in  a  large  area 
behind  South  Bridge  Street  immediately 
east  of  the  University,  comprised  a  massive 
main  edifice  of  1738  and  several  other 
extensive  buildings,  and  was  purchased  by 
the  town  council  in  1881  to  be  converted 
into  a  fever  hospital.    The  New  Royal 


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164 


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Infirmary,  on  south  side  of  Lauriston  Place 
adjacent  to  the  New  University  Buildings, 
was  founded  in  1870  and  opened  in  1879  ; 
cost  about  £380,000 ;  is  on  the  pavilion 
system,  and  in  the  old  Scottish  baronial 
style ;  extends  in  long  narrow  ranges  south- 
wards to  the  Meadows ;  occupies  an  area 
of  11J  acres,  yet  covers  only  3|  by  the 
aggregate  of  its  buildings ;  presents  to 
Lauriston  Place  an  imposing  main  front 
with  the  ends  of  four  pavilions  at  the  sides 
and  a  massive  three-storey  steepled  eleva- 
tion in  the  centre  ;  is  all  so  constructed  as 
to  secure  the  freest  possible  circulation  of 
air  around  and  within  all  its  parts ;  com- 
prises eight  pavilions  and  twenty-four 
wards ;  and  contains  beds  for  a  daily 
average  of  600  patients.  Chalmers'  Hos- 
pital, at  south  side  of  west  end  of  Lauriston 
Place,  was  erected  in  1861-64 ;  is  a  large 
edifice  in  plain  Italian  style  ;  ministers  to 
the  sick  and  hurt  ;  and  in  1879  treated 
202  in  door  and  1806  out-door  patients. 
The  Maternity  Hospital,  at  corner  of 
Lauriston  Place  and  Lauriston  Park,  was 
erected  in  1877-78  at  a  cost  of  about  £10,500 ; 
is  in  modified  domestic  Gothic  style  ;  and 
contains  eight  delivery  wards.  The  Royal 
Edinburgh  Lunatic  Asylum,  at  south  end 
of  Morningside,  comprises  a  large  neat 
edifice  of  1810,  an  extensive  addition  of 
1850,  and  enlargements  and  improvements 
of  1866 ;  includes  fine  enclosed  garden 
grounds  ;  and  has  a  daily  average  of  about 
740  patients,  and  an  annual  income  of 
about  £43,500.  The  Asylum  for  Blind 
Males,  on  east  side  of  Nicolson  Street, 
comprises  two  houses  originally  private, 
refitted  in  1806  and  1822,  and  subsequently 
improved.  The  Asylum  for  Blind  Females, 
in  West  Oraigmillar  suburb  to  the  south 
of  May  field,  was  erected  in  1874-77  at  a 
cost  of  about  £13,000;  is  an  edifice  of 
centre  and  wings  in  light  French  style ; 
and  has  ornamental  grounds  of  about  4 
acres.  The  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb,  to  the  north-west  of  Henderson 
Bow,  sprang  from  an  initial  school  of 
1810 ;  was  erected  by  subscription ;  and  is  a 
neat,  spacious,  well-arranged  edifice. 

The  Victoria  or  General  Assembly  Hall, 
in  a  sharp  angle  at  foot  of  Castle  Hill  and 
Johnstone  Terrace  toward  Lawnmarket, 
was  erected  in  1842-44  at  a  cost  of  about 
£16,000 ;  is  the  meeting  -  place  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scot- 
land ;  is  a  large  oblong  edifice  in  decorated 
Gothic  style ;  and  has  a  beautiful  steeple 
241  feet  high,  figuring  conspicuously  in 
most  views  of  the  city.  St.  Giles'  Church, 
blocking  part  of  High  Street  from  most  of 
Parliament  Square,  dates  from  9th  century, 
but  retains  no  portion  of  earlier  date  than 
the  14th ;  became  a  collegiate  church  in 
1466,  and  a  cathedral  in  1633  ;  underwent 
division  into  assembly  hall  and  three  par- 
ochial churches  ;  was  originally  cruciform, 
but  lost  that  shape  by  both  additions  and 
curtailments  ;  measures  now  206  feet  in 
length  and  from  76  to  129  feet  in  breadth  ; 


is  surmounted  by  a  unique  crown-shaped 
spire  161  feet  high  ;  was  shorn  of  most  of 
its  old  exterior  architectural  features  by  a 
modernizing  renovation  effected  in  1829-32 
at  a  cost  of  about  £10,000;  underwent 
tasteful  interior  renovation  of  its  eastern 
or  High  Church  section  in  1872-73  at  a 
cost  of  £4990 ;  underwent  renovation  of 
the  transepts  in  1879  at  corresponding 
cost ;   was  designed  to  undergo  similar 
renovation  of  its  nave  in  or  after  1881,  at 
a  cost  of  about  £10,500 ;  and  figures  pro- 
fusely in  the  history  of  the  Scottish  Re- 
formation, and  of  the  persecuting  times  of 
the  Stewarts.    Tron  Church,  at  corner  of 
High  Street  and  South  Bridge,  was  erected 
in  1637-63  at  a  cost  of  about  £6000 ;  is  in 
the  Scottish  Renaissance  style  ;  and  under- 
went improvements  in  1828  and  1872. 
Greyfriars  Churches,  Old  and  New,  at 
head  of  famous  old  cemetery  near  west 
end  of  Chambers  Street,  were  erected 
in  respectively  1612  and  1721,  and  have 
both  been  burnt  and  renovated.  Trinity 
College  Church,  on  south  side  of  Jeffrey 
Street,  was  erected  in  1871-72  in  lieu  of 
a  celebrated  church  of  15th  century  on 
ground  now  covered  by  North  British 
Railway  station,  and  includes  much  re- 
production of  that  church  in  both  feature 
and  material.     St.   Cuthbert's  Church, 
between  "West  Princes  Street  Gardens  and 
Lothian  Road,  succeeded  a  large  ancient 
cruciform  edifice  on  site  of  a  Culdee  cell ; 
was  erected  in  1775,  without  a  steeple,  at 
a  cost  of  £4231 ;  presented  so  very  bald  an 
appearance  that  a  steeple  was  afterwards 
adjoined  to  it ;  and  is  so  capacious  as  to 
contain  about  3000  sittings.    St.  George's 
Church,  on  west  side  of  Charlotte  Square, 
was  erected  in  1811-14  at  a  cost  of  £33,000 ; 
forms  a  square  of  112  feet  each  way,  with 
lofty  Ionic  portico  on  east  front ;  and  is 
surmounted  by   successively   a  circular 
Corinthian  colonnade,  a  massive  dome,  a 
lantern  cupola,  and  a  cross,  the  last  at  a 
height  of  160  feet  from  the  ground.  St. 
Stephen's  Church,  at  foot  of  St.  Yincent 
Street,  was  erected  in  1826-28  at  a  cost  of 
£21,000,  and  is  an  octagonal  edifice  in 
mixed   Roman   style,   with  balustraded 
tower   165    feet    high.     St.  Andrew's 
Church,  on  north  side  of  easternmost 
section  of  George  Street,  was  erected  in 
1785  and  1789,  and  is  a  plain  oval  edifice 
with  Corinthian  portico  and  very  fine 
steeple.    St.  Mary's  Church,  in  Bellevue 
Crescent,  was  erected  in  1824  at  a  cost  of 
£14,000,  and  has  a  handsome  Corinthian 
portico  and  a  beautiful  three-storey  tower, 
successively  Doric,  Ionic,  and  Corinthian, 
crowned  with  cupola  and  small  cyclostyle 
lantern.     21  other  Established  churches 
are  within  the  city  and  suburbs. 

The  Free  Church  Assembly  Hall,  on 
Castle  Hill,  opposite  Victoria  Hall,  was 
erected  in  1858-59  at  a  cost  of  £7000 ;  is 
plain  but  spacious ;  and  occupies  the  site 
of  Mary  of  Guise's  palace.  St.  John's 
Free  Church,  in  south-eastern  vicinity  of 


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165 


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that  hall,  was  erected  in  1847,  crowns  a 
steep  acclivity  in  the  rear,  and  is  in  a 
mixed  style  of  early  Gothic.  Barclay 
Free  Church,  at  north-west  corner  of 
Bruntsfield  Links,  was  erected  in  1862-63 
at  a  cost  of  more  than  £10,000,  shows  re- 
markable combinations  of  Gothic  archi- 
tecture, has  an  elegant  steeple  250  feet 
high,  and  was  interiorly  renovated  in 
1880.  Tron  Free  Church,  on  north  side  of 
Chambers  Street,  was  erected  in  1876-77 
at  a  cost  of  £8000,  and  is  in  free  variety  of 
the  Byzantine  style.  St.  George's  Free 
Church,  at  corner  of  Maitland  and  Stafford 
Streets,  was  erected  in  1867-69  at  a  cost 
of  £13,600  for  the  site,  and  £17,400  for 
the  building ;  is  in  the  Palladian  style, 
originally  without  tower  or  steeple ;  and 
acquired  in  1881-82  a  tower  185 
feet  high  in  style  of  Italian  campanile. 
Pilrig  Free  Church,  at  corner  of  Leith 
"Walk  and  Pilrig  Street,  was  erected  in 
1861-62,  is  in  the  early  decorated  Gothic 
style,  and  has  a  double  transept  and  a 
steeple.  St.  Mary's  Free  Church,  at  corner 
of  Broughton  and  Albany  Streets,  was 
erected  in  1859-61  at  a  cost  of  £13,000,  is 
in  a  mixed  style  of  decorated  Gothic  and 
Tudor,  and  has  a  richly  -  carved  lofty 
steeple.  34  other  Free  churches  are 
within  the  city  and  suburbs. — Broughton 
Place  United  Presbyterian  Church,  look- 
ing westward  along  Broughton  Place 
thoroughfare,  was'  erected  in  1821  at  a 
cost  of  £7095  ;  underwent  improvement  in 
1853  and  1870  at  a  cost  of  about  £4000 ; 
and  has  a  neat  neighbouring  hall  erected 
in  1878  at  a  cost  of  about  £3000.  Palmer- 
ston  Place  United  Presbyterian  Church, 
in  western  vicinity  of  St.  Mary's  Episcopal 
Cathedral,  was  erected  in  1874-75  at  a 
cost  of  about  £14,000,  is  in  classic  Italian 
style,  more  like  an  old  Roman  temple 
than  an  ordinary  British  church,  and  has 
a  long  high  portico  flanked  by  towers. 
Morningside  United  Presbyterian  Church, 
in  Chamberlain  Road,  superseded  a  neigh- 
bouring church  of  1863,  was  erected  in 
1881  on  plan  estimated  to  cost  upwards  of 
£10,000,  and  is  in  the  Norman  style  with 
massive  tower.  23  other  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  5  of  them  erected  or  in 
course  of  erection  in  1880,  and  several 
others  quite  recent,  are  within  the  city 
and  suburbs. — Augustine  Congregational 
Church,  on  George  IV.  Bridge,  was  erected 
in  1861  at  a  cost  of  about  £14,000 ;  has  a 
deep  basement  on  an  old  low  transverse 
street ;  and  is  in  the  Byzantine  style  with 
minaret  steeple.  5  other  Congregational 
chui-ches,  3  Evangelical  Union,  4  Original 
Secession,  5  Baptist,  2  Methodist,  a  Glassite, 
a  Quakers',  a  German,  a  Unitarian,  and  a 
Jews'  synagogue,  several  of  them  erected 
near  1881,  are  within  the  city  and 
suburbs. 

St.  Mary's  Episcopal  Cathedral,  on 
direct  line  with  Melville  Street,  and  on 
vista  line  with  Princes  Street,  sprang  from 
a  bequest  of  about  £400,000  by  the  late 


Miss  Walker  of  Coates ;  was  erected, 
minus  western  towers  and  chapter-house, 
in  1874-79  at  a  cost  of  about  £110,000  ;  is 
a  cruciform  structure,  mainly  in  ornate 
early  pointed  style ;  measures  262  feet 
from  east  to  west,  and  132^  along  the 
transepts ;  has  a  central  tower  and  spire 
275  feet  high,  surmounted  by  an  iron  cross 
15  feet  high  ;  and  is  designed  to  have  two 
western  towers  and  spires,  each  209  feet 
high,  and  a  north-eastern  octagonal  chap- 
ter-house. St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church, 
at  corner  of  York  Place  and  Broughton 
Street,  was  erected  in  1816-18  at  a  cost  of 
about  £12,000  ;  consists  of  nave  and  aisles, 
measuring  123  feet  by  73 ;  is  mainly  in 
later  English  style  ;  and  has  four  lofty  arch- 
cut  turrets.  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church, 
at  corner  of  Princes  Street  and  Lothian 
Road,  was  erected  in  1818  at  a  cost  of 
£15,000 ;  consists  of  nave  and  aisles  113 
feet  long ;  is  in  florid  Gothic  style,  with 
western  pinnacled  tower  120  feet  high ; 
and  was  designed  in  1880  to  be  enlarged 
by  addition  of  a  rectangular  chancel.  All 
Saints'  Episcopal  Church,  in  Brougham 
Street,  was  erected  mostly  in  1867  and 
partly  in  1876,  at  a  cost  of  about  £10,500  ; 
is  a  cruciform  Gothic  edifice  ;  and  has  a 
massive  porch  and  an  octagonal  tower. 
Christchurch  Episcopal  church,  in  Morn- 
ingside, was  erected  in  1876-77  at  a  cost 
of  about  £10,500  ;  is  a  cruciform  edifice  in 
early  French  Gothic  style ;  and  has  a 
steeple  140  feet  high.  Nine  other  Scottish 
Episcopal  churches,  and  2  English  Epis- 
copal churches,  are  within  the  city  and 
suburbs. — The  Catholic  Apostolic  Church, 
at  west  end  of  East  London  Street,  was 
erected  to  the  extent  of  200  by  45  feet  in 
1873-76  at  a  cost  of  about  £17,000 ;  is  in 
later  Norman  style,  with  small  steeple  at 
each  corner  ;  and  was  designed  to  have  a 
great  western  tower  and  other  additions, 
at  a  probable  cost  of  nearly  £17,000. — St. 
Mary's  Roman  Catholic  Church,  at  head  of 
Broughton  Street,  was  erected  in  1813  at 
a  cost  of  about  £8000,  and  is  in  the  third 
pointed  style,  with  front  pinnacles  70  feet 
high.  Two  other  Roman  Catholic  churches 
and  a  convent  are  in  the  city. 

Numerous  hotels,  in  the  principal 
thoroughfares,  are  spacious  edifices ;  and 
some  of  them,  especially  in  and  near 
Princes  Street,  are  highly  ornate.  The 
New  Club,  in  Princes  Street,  between 
Hanover  and  Frederick  Streets,  was  erected 
for  an  association  of  noblemen  and  gentle- 
men on  principles  similar  to  those  of  the 
London  West  End  Clubs,  and  is  an  exten- 
sive, handsome  edifice  in  the  Italian  style. 
The  University  Club,  in  Princes  Street, 
between  Castle  and  Charlotte  Streets,  was 
erected  in  1866-67  at  a  cost  of  nearly 
£14,000,  and  is  in  Grseco-Italian  style. 
The  United  Service  Club,  in  Queen  Street, 
was  erected  in  1835.  The  Life  Association 
Building,  in  Princes  Street,  contiguous  to 
the  New  Club,  was  erected  in  1855-58; 
has  three  double  storeys,  successively  Doric, 


EDI 


166 


EDI 


Ionic,  and  Corinthian  ;  and  is  profusely 
ornate.  The  Widows'  Fund  Life  Assur- 
ance Office,  on  west  side  of  St.  Andrew's 
Square,  was  erected  in  1848-49  by  the 
Western  Bank  Company;  passed  to  its 
present  use  at  a  price  very  far  below  its 
cost ;  and  is  a  large  edifice  in  the  Floren- 
tine style.  The  Scottish  Provident  Insti- 
tution's Office,  on  south  side  of  St.  Andrew 
Square,  was  erected  in  1868,  and  is  in  florid 
Italian  style.  Numerous  other  semi-public 
buildings,  especially  in  the  older  parts  of 
the  New  Town,  are  large  and  elegant. 
The  ancient  City  Cross,  on  a  spot  in  High 
Street  opposite  the  present  Police  Office, 
was  an  object  of  great  interest,  taken  down 
in  1756,  and  bewailed  in  well-known  verses 
of  Sir  Walter  Scott ;  and  the  pillar  of  it, 
after  being  110  years  out  of  view,  was 
placed  within  the  railings  of  St.  Giles' 
Church  in  1866.  Some  quite  extinct 
ancient  edifices  in  the  Old  Town,  especially 
the  Luckenbooths,  westward  from  vicinity 
of  the  City  Cross,  the  old  Tolbooth,  '  the 
Heart  of  Midlothian,'  adjoining  west  end 
of  the  Luckenbooths,  the  Collegiate  Church 
of  St.  Mary-in-the-Fields,  on  ground  at 
south  side  of  the  University,  Blackfriars 
Monastery,  on  ground  covered  by  the  Old 
Koyal  Infirmary,  and  Greyf riars  Monastery, 
on  ground  within  the  present  Greyfriars 
Cemetery,  possess  abiding  interest,  both 
for  their  historical  associations  and  for 
extant  descriptions  of  their  structure. 

The  city  has  64  postal  receiving  offices 
and  letter  boxes,  4  subordinate  railway 
stations,  28  district  or  branch  banking 
offices,  and  head  office  and  3  branches  of 
National  Security  Savings  Bank ;  and  it 
publishes  5  daily  newspapers,  one  twice  a 
week,  and  six  weekly.  Its  trade  does  not 
include  any  staple  manufacture,  but  is 
large  in  miscellaneous  produce,  brewing, 
coach-building,  printing,  publishing,  and 
general  shopping  and  marketing.  Its 
water-works  draw  from  springs  and  stream- 
lets on  the  Pentland  and  Moorfoot  Hills  ; 
were  commenced  in  1722  on  a  small  scale, 
at  comparatively  small  cost ;  extended 
prior  to  1800  at  a  cost  of  £20,000;  re- 
extended  in  years  after  1819  at  a  cost  of 
nearly  £200,000 ;  extended  further  in  sub- 
sequent years  at  correspondingly  large 
cost ;  and  extended  again  in  the  few  years 
tiU  near  end  of  1879  at  a  cost  of  £337,837. 
The  corporation  revenue  in  1880  was 
£110,801  in  the  municipal  department, 
£149,163  in  the  police  department,  and 
£30,841  in  the  street  improvement  depart- 
ment. The  annual  value  of  real  property 
in  1880-81  was  £1,727,741.  The  city 
returns  two  members  to  Parliament,  and  its 
University  unites  with  that  of  St.  Andrews 
in  sending  one.  Pop.,  in  1861,  168,121; 
in  1871,  197,581 ;  in  1881,  228,357. 

EDINBURGH  AND  GLASGOW  RAILWAY, 
railway,  opened  from  Edinburgh  to  Glas- 
gow in  1842,  ramified  afterwards  with 
several  branches,  and  amalgamated  with 
the  North  British  in  1865. 


EDINBURGH,  PERTH,  AND  DUNDEE 
RAILWAW,  railway  from  Edinburgh  to 
Ladybank  in  Fife,  and  thence  in  two  forks 
to  Perth  and  Dundee.  It  includes  a  line 
to  Leith  and  Granton,  a  connecting  ferry 
on  the  Forth,  the  line  thence  to  Perth  and 
Tayport,  communication  from  the  latter  to 
Dundee,  and  a  branch  from  Thornton  to 
Dunfermline  ;  it  was  constituted  by  amal- 
gamation of  these  in  1851 ;  and  it  became 
part  of  the  North  British  system  in  1862. 

EDINBURGHSHIRE,  or  MID-LOTHIAN, 
county  between  Haddingtonshire  and  Lin- 
lithgowshire, on  south  side  of  Firth  of 
Forth.  It  has  proximately  a  half-moon 
form,  with  middle  curve  on  the  firth,  a 
long  horn  to  the  south-west,  and  a  longer 
horn  to  the  south-east ;  and  it  measures 
about  12  miles  along  the  Forth,  about  20 
along  the  south-western  boundary,  about 
23  along  the  south-eastern  boundary,  about 
38  along  the  southern  boundary,  and  367 
square  miles  in  area.  Its  surface,  except 
in  the  extreme  half  of  its  south-eastern 
horn,  is  an  inclined  plain  diversified  by 
hills ;  and,  in  the  extreme  half  of  its 
south-eastern  horn,  is  chiefly  the  upper 
part  of  the  basin  of  Gala  river.  The 
Pentland  Hills  intersect  the  west  centre 
of  its  plain  north  -  north  -  eastward  to 
about  4  miles  from  Edinburgh  ;  the  Moor- 
foot Hills  extend  about  10  miles  south- 
eastward from  the  middle  of  the  southern 
border ;  the  Lammermoors  contribute  a 
narrow  flank  to  the  east  side  of  Gala 
river;  the  hill-ridge  comprising  Carberry 
extends  nearly  6  miles  on  the  eastern 
border  toward  vicinity  of  Musselburgh; 
the  hill-group  culminating  in  Arthur's 
Seat  gives  much  character  to  the  site  and 
environs  of  Edinburgh ;  Corstorphine  Hill 
forms  a  fine  feature  3  miles  farther  west ; 
and  the  Plat  Hills  and  Dalmahoy  Crags 
figure  considerably  in  the  south-west. 
Almost  the  entire  county  lies  like  a  map 
beneath  the  eye  from  the  highest  summit 
of  the  Pentlands  ;  and,  as  seen  thence,  is 
most  strikingly  picturesque  and  richly  em- 
bellished. About  two-thirds  of  the  entire 
area  are  arable,  and  comprise  as  finely 
cultivated  lands  as  can  be  seen  anywhere 
in  the  world.  The  other  third  is  partly 
moorish,  but  mostly  good  hill  pasture.  The 
only  streams  of  any  note  are  the  Almond 
on  the  north-western  boundary,  the  Water 
of  Leith  parallel  to  the  Almond.,  the  Esks 
downward  to  the  north-eastern  border,  all 
running  to  the  Firth  of  Forth,  and  the 
Gala  traversing  the  outer  half  of  the 
south-eastern  horn  on  its  way  to  the 
Tweed.  A  coal-field  nearly  15  miles  long 
and  from  7  to  8  miles  broad  extends  north- 
eastward from  Carlops  to  Musselburgh; 
limestone  abounds  in  that  coal-field  and 
in  tracts  to  the  south-east  of  it ;  and  sand- 
stone of  prime  quality  abounds  in  places  to 
the  west  and  south-west  of  Edinburgh. 
Manufactures  of  paper  and  of  gunpowder 
are  notable  ;  fisheries  at  Musselburgh  and 
Newhaven  are  famous ;  and  commerce  at 


EDI 


167 


EIG 


Leith  and  Granton  is  great.  The  Cale- 
donian Ottadini  and  Gadeni,  the  Eomans, 
and  the  Anglo-Saxons,  had  successive  pos- 
session of  the  territory,  and  have  all  left 
interesting  remains ;  and  later  occupants 
have  contributed  the  extant  antiquities  of 
Borthwick,  Crichton,  Dalhousie,  Eoslin, 
Bavensnook,  Cousland,  Catcune,  Locher- 
wart,  Luggate.  and  Craigmillar  Castles,  the 
last  a  structure  of  much  note.  The  towns 
with  each  more  than  40,000  inhabitants  are 
Edinburgh  and  Leith ;  with  each  more  than 
5000  are  Musselburgh,  Dalkeith,  and  Por- 
tobello  ;  with  each  more  than  2000  are 
"West  Calder  and  Penicuick ;  with  each 
more  than  1000  are  Bonnyrigg,  Lasswade, 
Loanhead,  Jock's  Lodge,  Granton,  and 
Addiewell;  and  the  villages  with  each  more 
than  300  amount  to  36.  The  annual  value 
of  real  property  in  1880-81,  exclusive  of 
Edinburgh,  Leith,  Musselburgh,  andPorto- 
beUo,was  £688,167.  Pop.,  in  1861,  273,997  ; 
in  1871,  328,379  ;  in  1881,  388,977. 

EDINCHIP,  seat  of  Sir  Malcolm  Mac- 
gregor,  Bart.,  1\  mile  south-west  cf  Loch- 
earnhead,  Perthshire. 

EDINGIGHT,  seat  of  Sir  John  Innes, 
Bart. ,  in  Grange  parish,  Banffshire. 

EDINGLASSIE,  a  seat  of  Sir  Charles  J. 
Forbes,  Bart.,  in  Strathdon  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

EDINGTON,  ruined  ancient  fortalice,  2 
miles  east  of  Chirnside,  Berwickshire. 

EDINKENS,  quondam  historical  bridge 
in  Innerwick  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

EDINKILLIE.    See  Edenkillie. 

EDINSHALL,  quondam  curious  ancient 
tower  on  Cockburnlaw,  Berwickshire. 

EDINTORE,  seat  in  Keith  parish,  Banff- 
shire. 

EDINVILLE,  hamlet  in  Dallas  parish, 
Elginshire. 

EDINVILLIE,  section  of  Aberlour  parish, 
Banffshire. 

EDMONDS,  dean  or  ravine  in  Cockburns- 
path  parish,  Berwickshire. 

EDMONSTON,  seat  in  Biggar  parish, 
L&n  <&rk  sliir  g 

EDMONSTONE,  seat  of  Sir  John  Don 
Wauchope,  Bart.,  and  village,  4  miles 
south-east  of  Edinburgh. 

EDNAM,  village  and  parish  on  north 
border  of  Eoxburghshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Eden  river,  2£  miles  north-east 
of  Kelso,  was  the  birthplace  of  the  poet 
Thomson,  and  has  a  parochial  church  with 
260  sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
145  scholars.  The  parish  measures  about 
3J  by  3  miles,  and  comprises  3849  acres. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £9651.  Pop. 
613.  The  land  is  mostly  flat,  but 
includes  some  slopes  and  two  fine  eleva- 
tions. Chief  objects  are  Hendersyde  Park 
and  an  obeliskal  monument  to  the  poet 
Thomson. 

EDNAM  HOUSE,  seat  in  Kelso  parish, 
Eoxburghshire. 

EDRACHILLIS.    See  Eddeeachtllis. 

EDRADOUR,  burn,  with  beautiful  cas- 
cade, in  Moulin  parish,  Perthshire. 


EDRADYNATE,  seat  on  the  Tay,  be- 
tween Weem  and  Logierait,  Perthshire. 

EDRINGTON,  seat  and  ruined  old  castle 
on  the  Whitadder,  on  southern  verge  of 
Berwickshire  and  Scotland. 

EDROM,  village  and  parish  in  Merse 
district,  Berwickshire.  The  village  stands 
on  the  Whitadder,  3£  miles  north-east  of 
Dunse,  is  very  ancient  but  small,  and  has 
a  post  office  designated  of  Berwickshire,  a 
railway  station,  a  parochial  church  with 
600  sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
100  scholars. — The  parish  contains  also 
Allanton  village,  measures  about  1\  miles 
by  4,  and  comprises  9545  acres.  Eeal 
property  in  1880-81,  £22,074.  Pop. 
1514.  The  surface  is  mostly  well-culti- 
vated arable  land.  The  seats  are  Edrom 
House,  Kimmerghame,  Kelloe,  Broom- 
house,  Blackadder  House,  Allanbank,  Nis- 
bet,  and  Chirnside-Bridge  House  ;  and  the 
antiquities  are  sites  of  5  or  6  Border  peels. 
A  Free  church  is  at  Allanton,  and  4  public 
schools  for  365  scholars  are  in  the  parish. 

EDZELL  (popularly  AIGLE  or  EAGLE), 
village  in  Forfarshire,  and  parish  partly 
also  in  Kincardineshire.  The  village  stands 
6  miles  north-by-west  of  Brechin,  presents 
a  pleasant  appearance,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Brechin,  a  banking 
office,  2  inns,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  183  scholars. 
Pop.  370. — The  parish  measures  about  Yl\ 
by  6£  miles,  and  comprises  18,959  acres  in 
Forfarshire,  and  1109  in  Kincardineshire. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £6302  and 
£635.  Pop.  823.  The  surface  lies  along 
the  North  Esk,  and  is  mostly  upland. 
Edzell  Castle  was  the  splendid  seat  of  the 
Lindsays  of  Glenesk,  ceased  to  be  a  resi- 
dence in  1714,  and  is  now  an  extensive 
ruin.  Two  ancient  Caledonian  stone  circles 
are  on  the  northern  border.  3  schools  for 
302  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  2  of 
them  for  260  are  new. 

E'EN.    See  Oyne. 

_  EFFOCK,  head  stream  of  North  Esk 
river,  Forfarshire. 

EGG.    See  Bigg. 

EGILSHAY.    See  Eagleshat. 

EGLINTON,  village,  with  ironworks,  in 
Kilwinning  parish,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  672. 

EGLINTON  CASTLE,  chief  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Eglinton,  near  Eglinton  village,  and 
2\  miles  north  of  Irvine,  Ayrshire.  It  is 
a  splendid  edifice  of  1798,  and  has  a  park 
of  1200  acres. 

EGLISHAY.    See  Eagleshat. 

EGLISMONICHTY,  ancient  chapelry, 
now  in  Monifeith  parish,  Forfarshire. 

EIGG,  Hebridean  island,  8  miles  west  of 
Arasaig,  Inverness-shire.  It  measures  6^ 
miles  in  length,  and  from  2  to  3  miles  in 
breadth  ;  is  partly  low  and  partly  hilly  ; 
includes  a  promontory  with  columnar 
cliffs,  similar  to  those  of  Staffa  ;  includes 
also  a  curious,  precipitous,  columnarly- 
peaked  hill,  1272  feet  high,  called  Scuir  of 
Eigg  ;  contains  several  Scandinavian  forts 


EIL 


168 


ELG 


and  a  famous  cavern  ;  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Oban,  and  a  Roman  Catholic 
chapel.    Pop.  291. 

EIL,  sea-loch  on  mutual  border  of  Argyle- 
shire  and  Inverness-shire.  It  strikes  from 
head  of  Loch  Linnhe,  extends  10  miles 
north-eastward  to  Corpach,  deflects  sud- 
denly there,  and  extends  11  miles  thence 
to  the  north-west ;  and  it  has  mostly  a 
width  of  about  2  miles. 

EILDON,  hamlet  and  hills  in  southern 
vicinity  of  Melrose,  Roxburghshire.  The 
hills  rise  from  one  base  into  three  summits 
1211,  1327,  and  1385  feet  high;  were 
known  to  the  Romans  as  Mons  Tremon- 
tium ;  have  a  large  ancient  Caledonian 
tumulus  and  vestiges  of  a  Roman  camp  ; 
and  command  extensive  panoramic  views. 

EILLAN.    See  ELLAN. 

EIRE,  the  river  Findhorn. 

EISHART,  sea-loch,  about  7  miles  long, 
on  west  side  of  Sleat  peninsula,  Isle  of 
Skye. 

EITSHAL,  hill,  733  feet  high,  8  miles 
west  -  south  -  west  of  Stornoway,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

ELCHAI6,  mountain  rivulet,  running 
to  head  of  Loch  Long  in  Ross-shire. 

ELCHIES,  two  estates,  Easter  and 
Wester,  in  Knockando  parish,  Elginshire. 

ELCHO,  decayed,  strong,  ancient  castle 
on  the  Tay,  4  miles  south-east  of  Perth. 
It  gives  the  title  of  baron  to  the  Earl  of 
Wemyss. 

ELDERSLIE,  town  and  quoad  sacra  par- 
ish in  Renfrewshire.  The  town  stands  2 
miles  west  of  Paisley,  was  the  birthplace 
of  Sir  William  Wallace,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Paisley,  a  church  with  800 
sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
220  scholars.  Pop.  of  the  town,  1141 ; 
of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  2242. 

ELDERSLIE,  seat  on  the  Clyde,  near 
Renfrew. 

ELDERSLIE  AND  FARDLEHILL,  con- 
joint village  in  Kilmaurs  parish,  Ayrshire. 
Pop.  135. 

ELDRIG,  summit  of  hill-ridge,  1215  feet 
high,  on  mutual  border  of  Lanarkshire  and 
Renfrewshire. 

ELDRIG,  or  EDRICK,  village  in  Mochrum 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

ELF  HOUSE,  stalactitic  cavern,  a  hiding- 
place  of  the  Covenanters,  in  Dusk  Glen, 
near  Dairy,  Ayrshire. 

ELGAR,  or  ELLA,  island  in  Shapinshay 
parish,  Orkney. 

ELGIN,  town  and  parish  in  Elginshire. 
The  town  stands  on  the  river  Lossie,  63| 
miles  by  road,  but  80f  by  railway,  north- 
west of  Aberdeen ;  is  situated  partly  on 
meadow  land,  partly  along  a  ridge;  has 
charming  environs  and  a  pleasant  interior  ; 
was  formerly  the  seat  of  the  bishopric  of 
Moray,  and  has  been  a  royal  burgh  since 
the  time  of  William  the  Lion  ;  ranks  now 
as  the  capital  of  Elginshire,  and  as  the 
head,  of  six  burghs  sending  a  member  to 
Parliament ;  includes  a  chief  street  about 
a  mile  long,  with  a  central  square ;  pre- 


sents an  appearance  of  wealth  ;  carries  on 
some  manufactures ;  publishes  two  twice- 
a-week  newspapers ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  7  banking  offices,  5  hotels,  a 
court-house  of  1840,  a  conspicuous  monu- 
ment of  the  last  Duke  of  Gordon,  well- 
preserved  ruins  of  its  ancient  cathedral, 
an  Established  church,  2  Free  churches, 
2  United  Presbyterian  churches,  Congre- 
gational, Baptist,  Episcopalian,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  an  evangelistic  hall,  an 
elegant  hospital  of  1819,  a  splendid  edu- 
cational institution  of  1822,  and  3  public 
schools.  The  cathedral  was  founded  in 
1224,  underwent  demolitions  and  recon- 
structions, measured  282  feet  from  east 
to  west  and  115  feet  along  the  transepts, 
was  wrecked  at  the  Reformation,  and  now 
is  a  more  attractive  ruin  than  any  other 
ecclesiastical  one  in  Scotland  except  Mel- 
rose Abbey.  The  Established  church  was 
erected  in  1828,  is  a  spacious  edifice  with 
Doric  portico,  and  has  a  tower  with  cyclo- 
style lantern  112  feet  high.  Real  property 
of  the  burgh  in  1880-81,  £29,310.  Pop. 
7338. — The  parish  excludes  part  of  the 
town,  and  includes  New  Elgin  village. 
Its  length  is  about  10  miles ;  its  breadth 
about  6  miles  ;  its  area  19,166  acres.  Real 
property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£11,354.  Pop.  8717.  The  surface  com- 
prises a  gentle  acclivity  southward  from 
the  town  to  base  of  Blackhills,  a  steep 
hilly  ridge  to  the  west  of  that,  and  the 
vales  of  Pluscardine  and  Mossdowie  on 
left  of  the  Lossie.  The  3  public  schools 
within  the  burgh  are  new,  and  have  ac- 
commodation for  400  scholars ;  10  other 
schools  are  within  the  burgh,  and  have 
accommodation  for  1173  scholars  ;  and  6 
schools  for  535  scholars,  3  of  them  new, 
for  340,  are  in  the  landward  districts. 

ELGIN  (NEW),  village  in  Elgin  parish, 
Elginshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  73  scholars.    Pop.  625. 

ELGINSHIRE,  maritime  county,  com- 
prising eastern  portion  of  ancient  province 
of  Moray.  It  lies  between  Moray  Firth 
and  the  Grampians,  to  the  east  of  Nairn- 
shire and  Inverness-shire ;  and  it  under- 
went change  of  boundary  in  1870  by 
transference  to  it  of  part  of  Cromdale 
parish  from  Inverness-shire,  and  trans- 
ference from  it  to  that  county  of  part  of 
Duthil  parish.  Its  length  from  north  to 
south  is  about  40  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  near  the  coast  is  about  23  miles ; 
and  its  area  is  531  square  miles.  The 
coast  is  mostly  low  and  sandy ;  the  sea- 
board, to  the  breadth  of  about  8  miles,  is 
champaign ;  the  middle  section  rises  gradu- 
ally in  series  of  parallel  hills  and  interven- 
ing vales ;  and  the  southern  border  includes 
part  of  the  valley  of  the  Spey,  and  is  else- 
where filled  with  the  Grampians.  The 
rocks  of  the  sea-board  are  chiefly  old  red 
sandstone,  but  include  small  patches  of 
lower  oolite  and  lias  ;  and  those  of  the 
hills  are  granite,  gneiss,  mica-slate,  quartz, 


ELG 


169 


ELL 


and  talcose  schist.  The  rivers  are  the 
Spey  in  the  east  and  south-east,  the 
Lossie  in  the  middle,  and  the  Findhorn  in 
the  west.  Nearly  one-fourth  of  all  the 
land  is  arable,  and  in  high  cultivation. 
The  civil  history  is  identical  with  that  of 
Moray.  The  towns  with  each  more  than 
2000  inhabitants  are  Elgin,  Forres,  and 
Lossiemouth  ;  the  towns  with  each  more 
than  1000  inhabitants  are  Burghead, 
Grantown,  Eothes,  Fochabers,  and  Hope- 
man;  and  the  villages  with  each  more 
than  300  are  Garmouth,  Findhorn,  New 
Elgin,  Kingston,  and  Archiestown.  The 
annual  value  of  real  property  in  1880-81 
was  £226,625.  Pop.  in  1871,  43,612 ;  in 
1881,  43,760. 

EL60LL,  hamlet  in  Strath  parish,  Isle 
of  Skye.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Broadford. 

ELHARDHOLM,  old  chapelry  now  in 
Shapinshay,  Orkney. 

ELIBANK,  estate,  with  ancient  peel- 
tower,  8  miles  north-west  of  Selkirk.  It 
gives  the  peerage  title  of  baron  to  a  branch 
of  the  family  of  Murray. 

ELIE,  village  and  parish  on  south  coast 
of  Fife.  The  village  stands  on  bay  of  its 
own  name,  5  miles  east-south-east  of  Largo, 
is  a  sea-bathing  resort,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Fife,  a  banking  office, 
an  inn,  a  harbour,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about  108 
scholars.  Pop.  625. — The  parish  is  inter- 
sected by  Kilconquhar,  measures  about  4 
miles  by  2j,  and  comprises  2020  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £7198.  Pop.  664.  The 
shore  is  sandy,  and  the  land  is  mostly  flat. 
Elie  House  is  a  mansion  of  about  1675. 

ELI  STONE,  ancient  baronial  castle  on 
Almond  river  in  Kirkliston  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

ELLA.    See  Elgak. 

ELLAM,  or  ELLIM,  ancient  parish,  now 
part  of  Longformacus,  Berwickshire. 

ELLAN-AIGAS,  abrupt  wooded  islet  in 
Beauly  river,  Kiltarlity  parish,  Inverness- 
shire.  It  is  crowned  by  a  handsome 
villa. 

ELLAN  AN-RIGH,  islet  in  Loch  Laggan, 
Inverness-shire. 

ELLAN- AN-TAGGART,  islet  in  Loch 
Awe,  near  influx  of  Avich  rivulet,  Argyle- 
shire. 

ELLAN-A-VROIN,  rocky  islet  near  middle 
of  Loch  Vennachoir,  Perthshire. 

ELLAN- CHOLIUMCILLE,  small  island  in 
Loch  Portree,  Isle  of  Skye. 

ELLAN-DHEIRRIG,  rocky  islet,  with  re- 
mains of  Earl  of  Argyle's  fort  of  1685,  at 
junction  of  Loch  Riddan  with  Kyles  of 
Bute,  Argyleshire. 

ELLANDONAN,  rocky  islet,  with  ruined 
ancient  castle  of  Earls  of  Seaforth,  at  head 
of  Loch  Alsh,  in  south-west  comer  of  Ross. 

ELLAN-DUIRNISH,  islet  in  Loch  Etive, 
opposite  Bun  awe,  Argyleshire. 

ELLAN  FADA,  island  near  head  of  Loch 
KiUisport,  Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 


ELLAN-FINNAN,  island,  with  ruined 
ancient  church,  in  Loch  Shiel,  on  north 
boundary  of  Argvleshire. 

ELLAN  -  FREUCH,  islet,  with  ruined 
castle,  in  Sound  of  Islay,  Argyleshire. 

ELLAN  -  MAREE,  islet,  with  ancient 
burying-ground,  in  Loch  Maree,  Ross- 
shire. 

ELLANMORE,  islet,  with  ancient  arched 
chapel,  in  south  end.  of  Sound  of  Jura, 
Argyleshire. 

ELLANMORE,  islet  adjacent  to  Coll 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

ELLANMUNDE,  islet  and  ancient  parish 
on  north  border  of  Argyleshire.  The  islet 
lies  in  Loch  Leven,  adjacent  to  mouth  of 
Coe  rivulet,  and  contains  a  cemetery  and 
ruins  of  ancient  church.  The  parish  com- 
prehended Glencoe  and  part  of  Appin,  and 
is  now  annexed  to  Lismore. 

ELLAN-NA-BEICH,  islet  adjacent  to 
Easdale  Island,  Inner  Hebrides.    Pop.  304. 

ELLAN-NA-GAEIL,  the  Rabbit  Island,  in 
Tongue  parish,  Sutherland. 

ELLAN-NA-GAMHNA,  pastoral  isle  in 
South  Knapdale  parish,  Argyleshire. 

ELLAN-NA-LEEK,  isle  near  north-west 
coast  of  South  Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 

ELLAN-NA-MUICK,  isle  off  west  coast  of 
South  Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 

ELLAN-NA-NAOIMH,  islet,  with  natural 
jet  d'eau  about  30  feet  high,  and  with  re- 
mains of  ancient  chapel  and  burying- 
ground,  on  east  coast  of  Tongue  parish, 
Sutherland. 

ELLAN-NAN-CAORACH,  isle  off  Kildalton 
coast,  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

ELLAN-NAN-CON,  islet  in  Loch  Laggan, 
Inverness-shire. 

ELLAN-NAN-GOBHAR,  islet,  with  two 
vitrified  forts,  in  Loch  Aylort,  Ardna- 
murchan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

ELLAN-NA-ROAN,  inhabited  island,  about 
2  miles  in  circuit,  in  Tongue  parish, 
Sutherland.  It  looks  like  two  islands,  is 
mostly  engirt  with  high  precipitous  rocks, 
includes  a  low  tract  with  very  fertile  soil, 
and  has  on  its  north  side  a  natural  arch, 
about  150  feet  high  and  70  feet  wide. 
Pop.  73. 

ELLANREACH,  large  house,  with  ex- 
tensive sheep-farm,  in  Glenelg  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

ELLAN-RORYMORE,  islet,  with  vestiges 
of  ancient  subterranean  circular  structure, 
in  Loch  Maree,  Ross-shire. 

ELLAN  VHOU,  wooded  islet,  with  ruined 
ancient  fortalice,  in  upper  part  of  Loch 
Lomond. 

ELLEMBANK,  seat  near  Kirkcudbright. 

ELLEMFORD,  place  on  Whitadder 
river,  6  miles  north  -  west  of  Dunse, 
Berwickshire. 

ELLEN'S  ISLE,  craggy,  wooded,  roman- 
tic islet,  centre  of  the  action  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake,  near  foot  of  Loch 
Katrine,  Perthshire. 

ELLERHOLM,  green  islet  in  mouth  of 
Elwick  bay,  on  south  side  of  Shapinshay, 
Orkney. 


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170 


ENT 


ELLINORTON,  village  in  Kirriemuir 
parisli,  Forfarshire. 

ELLIOCK,  seat  on  burn  of  its  own  name, 
2  miles  south-south-west  of  Sanquhar, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  was  the  birthplace  of 
the  Admirable  Crichton. 

ELLIOT,  rivulet  running  about  8  miles 
east-south-eastward  to  the  sea,  at  1£  mile 
south-south-west  of  Arbroath,  Forfarshire. 

ELLIOT-JUNCTION,  railway  station  near 
mouth  of  Elliot  rivulet,  Forfarshire. 

ELLISLAND,  farm  on  the  Nith,  6£  miles 
north-north-west  of  Dumfries.  It  was 
occupied  by  the  poet  Burns  in  1788-91. 

ELLISTON,  small  square  tower,  ancient 
seat  of  the  Sempills,  near  foot  of  Castle- 
Semple  Loch,  Renfrewshire. 

ELLON,  village  and  parish  in  south  of 
Buchan,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Ythan  river,  16  miles  by  road, 
but  19J  by  railway,  north-by-east  of  Aber- 
deen ;  was  formerly  the  seat  of  jurisdiction 
of  Buchan  earldom  ;  is  now  a  centre  of 
considerable  business ;  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  3  banking  offices,  a  hotel,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and 
Episcopalian  churches,  and  2  public 
schools.  Pop.  964. — The  parish  measures 
8  miles  by  4f,  and  comprises  22,259  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £23,776.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  3698  ;  quoad  sacra,  2872. 
The  surface  mostly  presents  an  undulating 
appearance,  but  rises  in  several  parts  into 
considerable  eminences.  The  seats  are 
Ellon  Castle,  Esslemont,  Arnage,  Turner 
Hall,  and  Dudwick ;  and  the  first  was 
built  in  1851,  and  is  near  some  remains  of 
a  previous  mansion  of  about  1780.  Five 
schools  for  718  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  4  of  them  for  670  are  new. 

ELLRIDGE,  lake  in  Slamannan  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

ELLSNESS.    See  Elsness. 

ELLSRICKLE,  village,  4  miles  north-by- 
east  of  Biggar,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a 
Free  church. 

ELMBANK,  seat  in  St.  Yigeans  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

ELPHIN,  mountainous  district  north- 
north-east  of  Ullapool,  in  Ross-shire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Lairg. 

ELPHINSTONE,  village,  old  mansion, 
and  collieries  in  Tranent  parish,  Hadding- 
tonshire. The  village  stands  nearly  2 
miles  south-south- west  of  Tranent  town. 
Pop.  597.  The  mansion  was  built  in 
1600,  and  is  attached  to  a  massive  square 
tower  of  about  the  end  of  14th  century. 

ELPHINSTONE,  colliery  in  Airth  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

ELRICK,  seat  in  New  Machar  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

ELRI6,  hamlet  in  Mochrum  parish, 
Wigton  shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  89  scholars. 

ELSHIESHIELDS,  modern  seat,  with  old 
tower,  in  Lochmaben  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

ELSICK,  seat  and  burn  in  Fetteresso 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 


ELSNESS,  headland  and  district  in  south 
of  Sanday  Island,  Orkney. 

ELSWICK,  capacious  harbour  in  south  of 
Shapinshay  Island,  Orkney. 

ELTRIGOE,  small  sea-inlet  in  Wick 
parish,  Caithness. 

ELVAN,  upland  rivulet,  running  about 
7  miles  north-eastward  to  the  Clyde,  at 
Elvanfoot,  Lanarkshire. 

ELVANFOOT,  place,  with  inn  and  railway 
station,  4|  miles  south-east  of  Abingdon, 
Lanarkshire. 

ELVINGSTON,  seat  in  Gladsmuir  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

EMANUEL,  or  MANUEL,  railway  station 
and  ruined  priory  of  1156,  adjacent  to 
Avon  river,  near  Linlithgow-Bridge. 

EMBO,  fishing  village  in  Dornoch  parish, 
Sutherland.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  85  scholars.    Pop.  396. 

ENDER,  affluent  of  the  Garry  in  Blair- 
Athole  parish,  Perthshire. 

ENDRICK,  river,  running  about  18  miles 
westward,  chiefly  in  Stirlingshire,  to  Loch 
Lomond  at  boundary  with  Dumbartonshire. 
It  receives  the  Blane  and  some  smaller 
affluents,  and  is  celebrated  in  song  as 
'  Sweet  Ennerdale.' 

ENGINE,  three  collier  villages,  New,  Old, 
and  Sheriffhall,  in  Newton  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

ENGLISH-HILL,  mountain  in  Kiltarlity 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

ENGLISH-ROW,  village  in  Dalziel  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

ENHALLOW,  small  island  between 
Pomona  and  Rousay,  Orkney. 

ENNERIC,  rivulet,  running  about  10 
miles  eastward,  in  Glenurquhart,  to  Loch 
Ness,  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  picturesque 
course,  and  makes  a  beautiful  cascade. 

ENNICH,  lake,  overhung  by  grand  pre- 
cipices, in  Rothiemurchus  parish,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

ENOCH,  lake  on  north  verge  of  Minnigaff 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ENOCH,  hill,  1865  feet  high,  in  New 
Cumnock  parish,  Ayrshire. 

ENOCHDHU,  place,  with  post  office 
under  Pitlochrie,  Perthshire. 

ENOCH  (ST.),  parish,  with  railway  station 
and  with  Established  and  Free  churches, 
in  Glasgow.    Pop.,  quoad  sacra,  2131. 

ENOCH  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Dundee.    Pop.  2401. 

ENOCH,  barony  in  Durrisdeer  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

ENRIG,  quondam  abbot's  house  in 
Girthon  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ENSAY,  island,  about  5  miles  in  circuit, 
2  miles  south  -  west  of  Harris,  Outer 
Hebrides,    Pop.  6. 

ENTERKIN,  burn,  running  from  Lowther 
Mountain  to  the  Nith,  in  Durrisdeer  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

ENTERKIN,  seat  in  Tarbolton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

ENTERKINFOOT,   place  at  mouth  of 
Enterkin  burn,  Dumfriesshire. 
ENTERKINS-YETT,  traditional  scene  of 


ENZ 


171 


EJRS 


sanguinary  battle  between  natives  and 
Danes,  in  Currie  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

ENZIE,  quoad  sacra  parish,  comprising 
parts  of  Rathven  and  Bellie,  in  north-west 
extremity  of  Banffshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Fochabers,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  a  new  public  school  for  170 
scholars,  and  an  old  one  for  130.   Pop.  2413. 

ENZIEHOLM,  farm,  with  vestiges  of 
very  ancient  strong  triangular  fortifica- 
tion, in  "Westerkirk  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

EOCHAR,  place,  with  post  office  under 
Lochmaddy,  Outer  Hebrides. 

EOLAN,  small  affluent  of  the  Etive,  in 
Ardchattan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

EOLIGARY,  seat  in  Barra  Island,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

EORODALE,  headland,  3  miles  south- 
east of  Butt-of-Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

EORSA,  small  island  in  Loch-na-Keal, 
Mull,  Argyleshire. 

EOUSMIL,  rocky  islet  frequented  by 
seals,  on  west  side  of  North  Uist,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

EOY,  small  island  between  North  Uist 
and  Barra,  Outer  Hebrides. 

EPORT,  long  narrow  sea-loch,  with  safe 
harbour,  3  miles  south  of  Lochmaddy,  in 
North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

ERCHLESS,  modernized  old  castle,  with 
fine  hill-girt  park,  in  Strathglass,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

ERCILDOUN.    See  Eaklston. 

EREGIE,  seat  in  Dores  parish,  Inverness- 
shire. 

ERIBOLL,  sea-loch,  10J  miles  long,  and 
mostly  from  1  to  3  miles  wide,  in  Durness 
parish,  Sutherland. 

ERICHKIE,  mountain  rivulet,  running 
about  10  miles  eastward  to  the  Garry,  at 
4  miles  west  of  Blair-Athole,  Perthshire. 

ERICHT,  lake  on  mutual  border  of 
Perthshire  and  Inverness-shire.  It  lies  at 
an  elevation  of  1153  feet  above  sea-level ; 
is  overhung  by  lofty,  precipitous,  desolate 
mountains ;  extends  from  neighbourhood 
of  Dalwhinnie  16  miles  south-south-west- 
ward, with  average  breadth  of  about  a 
mile  ;  and  sends  off  a  stream  about  5  miles 
southward  to  Loch  Kannoch. 

ERICHT,  river  in  north-east  of  Perth- 
shire. It  is  formed  by  conflux  of  the 
Ardle  and  the  Shee  ;  runs  southward,  past 
Blairgowrie,  to  the  Isla,  at  2  miles  west 
of  Coupar- Angus ;  abounds  in  romantic 
scenery ;  and,  measured  from  the  sources 
of  its  head-streams,  has  a  total  course  of 
about  23  miles. 

ERIDINE,  seat  in  Kilchrenan  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

ERIGMORE,  seat  near  Dunkeld,  Perth- 
shire. 

ERINES,  seat  in  South  Knapdale  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

ERISKA,  island  in  mouth  of  Loch  Creran, 
Argyleshire.    Pop.  7. 

ERISKAY,  island,  about  3  miles  long, 
near  south  end  of  South  Uist,  Outer 
Hebrides.  It  was  Prince  Charles  Edward's 
landing-place  in  1745.    Pop.  466. 


ERISORT,  sea-loch  in  south-east  of  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  opens  about  7  miles 
south  of  Stornoway,  and  goes  about  10 
miles  west-south-westward,  but  is  com- 
paratively narrow. 

ERIVIST,  burn,  running  about  5|  miles 
south-westward  to  the  Gala,  in  Stow 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

ERNAN,  stream,  traversing  Tarland 
parish  to  the  Don,  in  Aberdeenshire. 

ERNCRAGS,  small  lake  in  Crossmichael 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ERNE.    See  Eakn  and  FiNDHOKN. 

ERNSHEUCH,  precipitous  eminence  with 
Caledonian  camp  in  Coldingham  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

EROCHD.    See  Ericht. 

ERRALD,  island  adjacent  to  south- 
western extremity  of  Ross  peninsula, 
Mull,  Argyleshire.    Pop.  51. 

ERROL,  village  and  parish  in  Carse  of 
Gowrie,  Perthshire.  The  village  stands 
about  a  mile  from  railway  station  of  its 
own  name,  lOf  miles  east  of  Perth ;  crowns 
a  slight  rising  ground  with  extensive  view ; 
gives  the  title  of  Earl  to  the  family  of 
Hay ;  and  has  a  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments designated  of  Perthshire,  a  post  office 
of  Errol  village  under  Errol,  a  banking  office, 
a  hotel,  a  large  cruciform  towered  Estab- 
lished church,  Free  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about  111 
scholars.  Pop.  876. — The  parish  contains 
also  the  villages  of  Pitrodie,  Glendoick, 
Grange,  Leetown,  West-town,  and  Mains 
of  Errol.  Its  length  is  5^  miles ;  its  breadth 
3J  miles;  its  area  9507  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £23,026.  Pop.  2421. 
The  surface  is  low,  and,  with  exception  of 
some  slight  rising  grounds,  all  flat ;  and  the 
soil  is  mostly  rich  alluvium  and  all  arable. 
Errol  House,  near  Errol  village,  was 
formerly  the  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Errol. 
A  public  school  is  at  Glendoick. 

ERSKINE,  parish  on  south  side  of  the 
Clyde  in  Renfrewshire.  It  lies  opposite 
Dumbarton  Castle,  and  contains  the  post- 
office  villages  of  Langbank  and  Bishopton, 
and  the  hamlets  of  Blackstown  and  Easter 
Rossland.  Its  length  is  6f  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  3£  miles  ;  its  area  7535 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £19,602. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1655;  quoad  sacra, 
1073.  The  land  adjacent  to  the  Clyde 
is  flat  and  fertile;  the  ground  behind 
that  makes  considerable  ascent ;  and  a 
pleasant  hill-ridge  occupies  most  of  the 
western  section.  Erskine  House,  the  seat 
of  Lord  Blantyre,  is  a  beautiful  Tudor 
edifice  of  1828,  and  has,  on  an  eminence 
within  its  grounds,  a  lofty  obeliskal  monu- 
ment of  the  eleventh  Lord  Blantyre. 
Other  seats  are  Dargavel,  Rossland,  and 
Eastbank.  Erskine  ferry,  on  the  Clyde, 
serves  for  both  pedestrians  and  carriages. 
The  churches  are  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian.  Three  schools  for 
336  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  one 
of  them  and  class-rooms  for  167  are 
new. 


ERV 


172 


ETI 


ERVARY,  hill,  with  fine  view,  in  North 
Knapdale  parish,  Argyleshire. 

ERVIE,  hamlet  in  Kirkcolm  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

ESHANESS,  headland  and  skerry  at 
south-western  extremity  of  Northmaven 
parish,  Shetland. 

ESK,  river  of  Dumfriesshire.  It  is 
formed,  at  7  miles  north-west  of  Langholm, 
by  conflux  of  Black  Esk  and  White  Esk ; 
it  runs  thence  about  20  miles  south-east- 
ward and  southward  in  Dumfriesshire,  to 
influx  of  the  Liddel  at  boundary  with 
England;  and  it  proceeds  about  8  miles 
curvingly  through  Cumberland  to  head  of 
Solway  Firth. 

ESK,  river  of  Edinburghshire.  It  is 
formed  in  Dalkeith  Park  by  conflux  of 
North  Esk  and  South  Esk ;  and  it  runs  3 
miles  thence  northward  to  Firth  of  Forth 
at  Musselburgh. 

ESK,  small  mountain  lake,  emitting  a 
head  stream  of  South  Esk  river,  on  north- 
west border  of  Forfarshire. 

ESKADALE,  seat  and  hamlet  with 
Roman  Catholic  chapel,  near  head  of 
Strathglass,  Inverness-shire. 

ESKBANK,  suburb  of  Dalkeith,  with 
junction  railway  station,  8  miles  south- 
east of  Edinburgh. 

ESK  (BLACK),  small  river  of  Dumfries- 
shire. It  runs  about  15  miles  tortuously 
south-south-eastward,  all  within  Eskdale- 
muir  and  the  Southern  Highlands ;  and 
unites  with  the  White  Esk  to  form  the  Esk. 

ESKBRIDGE,  railway  station  near  Peni- 
cuick,  Edinburghshire. 

ESKDALE,  the  eastern  and  smallest  of 
the  three  districts  of  Dumfriesshire.  It 
includes  all  the  Scottish  portions  of  the 
basin  of  the  Esk,  but  is  ill  defined  on  the 
south-west  over  the  little  basins  of  the 
Sark  and  the  Kirtle. 

ESKDALEMUIR,  parish  in  north-west  of 
Eskdale,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  of  its  own  name  under  Langholm  ; 
and  it  measures  llf  miles  in  length,  9  J 
miles  in  greatest  breadth,  and  43,282  acres 
in  area.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £11,249. 
Pop.  543.  The  surface  is  nearly  all  moun- 
tainous, heathy,  and  moorish;  and  it  is 
remarkable  for  two  ancient  Caledonian 
stone  circles,  and  for  vestiges  or  remains 
of  numerous  ancient  camps.  One  of  the 
stone  circles  is  entire,  and  one  of  the 
camps  occupies  about  7  acres,  and  has  been 
the  subject  of  much  antiquarian  discus- 
sion. The  churches  are  Established  and 
Free.  There  are  2  schools  for  159  scholars, 
and  1  of  them  for  60  is  new. 

ESKIN,  head  stream  of  the  Findhorn, 
in  Inverness-shire. 

ESK  (NORTH),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
church  in  Musselburgh,  Edinburghshire. 
Pop.  5389. 

ESK  (NORTH),  river,  running  about  16 
miles  north-north-eastward  to  conflux  with 
South  Esk  in  Dalkeith  Park,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

ESK  (NORTH),  river,  running  about  28 


miles  south-eastward  to  the  sea,  at  boundary 
between  Forfarshire  and  Kincardineshire. 

ESK  (SOUTH),  river,  running  about  13 
miles  northward  to  conflux  with  North 
Esk  in  Dalkeith  Park,  Edinburghshire. 

ESK  (SOUTH),  river,  running  about  37 
miles  east-south-eastward  and  eastward  to 
the  sea  at  Montrose,  Forfarshire.  Its  last 
reach  first  expands  into  large  tidal  lagoon 
above  Montrose,  and  then  contracts  into 
deep  rapid  current  from  the  lagoon  to 
the  sea. 

ESK  VALLEY,  branch  railway,  for  min- 
eral traffic,  down  the  valley  of  the  Esk, 
Edinburghshire. 

ESK  (WHITE),  river,  running  curvingly 
about  15  miles  southward  to  conflux  with 
Black  Esk,  Dumfriesshire. 

ESLEMONT.    See  Esslemont. 

ESLIE,  farm,  with  ancient  Caledonian 
stone  circle,  in  Banchory-Ternan  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

ESPEDAIR,  burn  in  Abbey-Paisley  par- 
ish, Renfrewshire. 

ESRAGAN,  two  streams,  greater  and 
lesser,  separated  by  Benvean  and  running 
southward  to  Loch  Etive,  in  Argyleshire. 

ESSACHOSSAN,  romantic  glen  adjacent 
to  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 

ESSCUNHAN,  stream,  with  cascade,  in 
Kilmorie  parish,  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

ESSENSIDE,  lake  in  Ashkirk  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

ESSET,  small  affluent  of  the  Don,  in 
Tullynessle  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

ESSIE,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Rhynie,  Aberdeenshire. 

ESSIE,  Forfarshire.    See  Eassie. 

ESSIEMORE,  cascade  of  about  100  feet, 
in  Auchinchew  amphitheatre,  Arran  Is- 
land, Buteshire. 

ESSIL,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of  Spey- 
mouth,  Elginshire. 

ESSLEMONT,  railway  station  and  seat, 
If  mile  south  of  Ellon,  Aberdeenshire. 

ESWICK,  headland,  12  miles  north-by- 
east  of  Lerwick,  Shetland. 

ETHIE,  burn,  with  cascades  and  precipi- 
tous banks,  in  Cromarty  parish,  Cromarty- 
shire. 

ETHIE  CASTLE,  seat  of  the  Earl  of 

Northesk,  4^  miles  north-north-east  of 
Arbroath,  Forfarshire. 

ETHIEHAVEN,  small  fishing  village.  If 
mile  north-east  of  Ethie  Castle,  Forfarshire. 

ETIVE,  river  and  sea -loch  in  Argyle- 
shire. The  river  rises  among  alpine 
heights  around  head  of  Glencoe ;  runs 
about  16  miles  south-westward,  along  a 
deep  mountain  glen,  to  the  loch's  head ; 
and,  in  its  progress,  makes  two  fine 
cascades.  The  loch  goes  first  about  11 
miles  south-westward,  then  about  10  miles 
westward,  to  head  of  Firth  of  Lorn ;  is 
flanked,  in  its  upper  part,  by  grand  alpine 
mountains, — in  its  lower  part,  by  diversity 
of  hills,  braes,  and  gentle  slopes  ;  contracts, 
at  5  miles  from  its  mouth,  into  the  strait 
of  Connel  Ferry ;  forms,  between  that 
strait  and  its  mouth  a  spacious  bay ;  and, 


ETT 


173 


EYE 


as  a  whole,  from  head  to  foot,  looks  like 
a  series  of  inland  lakes. 

ETTRICK,  hamlet,  parish,  and  river  in 
Selkirkshire.  The  hamlet  lies  on  the 
river,  18^  miles  south-west  of  Selkirk, 
and  has  a  parochial  church  of  1824,  a 
Free  Church  station  of  1880,  a  public 
school  with  about  35  scholars,  and  a 
burying-ground  containing  a  monument 
to  Rev.  Thomas  Boston,  and  the  grave  of 
the  Ettrick  Shepherd. — The  parish  mea- 
sures about  11  miles  by  10,  and  comprises 
42,387  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£12,199.  Pop.  397.  The  surface  is  a 
congeries  of  mountains  and  hills,  inter- 
sected by  glens,  cleughs,  and  a  narrow 
vale,  and  abounds  in  rich  sheep  pasture. 
The  seats  are  Thirlstane  Castle,  Cacrabank, 
and  Rodono ;  and  the  antiquities  are  Thirl- 
stane and  Tushielaw  towers,  and  vestiges 
of  Buccleuch  church.  —  The  river  rises 
adjacent  to  boundary  with  Dumfriesshire, 
runs  about  23  miles  north-eastward  to 
influx  of  the  Yarrow,  and  proceeds  about 
5  miles  farther  in  same  direction,  past 
Selkirk,  to  the  Tweed,  at  1^  mile  from 
Abbotsford. 

ETTRICK,  bay,  nearly  2  miles  long,  on 
west  side  of  Bute  Island,  Buteshire. 

ETTRICKBANK,  seat  on  Ettrick  river, 
1|  mile  north-east  of  SeTkirk. 

"ETTRICK-BRIDGE,  village  on  Ettrick 
river,  7  miles  south-west  of  Selkirk.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Selkirk,  and  an  inn. 

ETTRICK  FOREST,  popularly  Selkirk- 
shire, but  anciently  including  also  tracts 
now  in  Peeblesshire  and  Edinburghshire. 
It  once  was  literally  a  forest,  swarming 
with  deer,  and  used  as  a  hunting-ground 
by  the  Scoto- Saxon  kings ;  but  it  lost 
much  of  its  wood  in  the  times  of  Bruce 
and  Baliol,  and  was  converted  into  sheep 
walks  in  the  time  of  James  v. 

ETTRICK  PEN,  mountain,  2269  feet 
high,  at  source  of  Ettrick  river,  on  south- 
east verge  of  Selkirkshire. 

ETTRIDGE-BRIDGE,  place  on  lower  part 
of  Truim  rivulet,  Inverness-shire. 

EUCHAN,  rivulet,  running  about  8i 
miles  north-eastward  and  eastward  to  the 
Nith,  at  Sanquhar,  Dumfriesshire. 

EUCHAR,  rivulet,  issuing  from  Loch 
Scammadale,  and  running  about  4  miles, 
partly  along  a  romantic  ravine,  to  the  sea, 
at  Kilninver,  Argyleshire. 

EVAN,  small  river,  running  about  14 
miles,  chiefly  down  a  deep  glen,  south- 
south-eastward  to  the  Annan,  at  2  miles 
south  of  Moffat,  Dumfriesshire. 

EVANTON,  village,  7  miles  north-north- 
east of  Dingwall,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  designated  of  Ross- 
shire,  an  inn,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  54  scholars.    Pop.  43G. 

EVELAW,  old  peel  tower  in  Westruther 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

EVELICK,  ruined  ancient  castle  and  hill, 
with  remains  of  ancient  fortification,  in 
Kilspindie  parish,  Perthshire. 


EVELIX,  rivulet,  running  about  13  miles, 
chiefly  south-eastward,  to  Dornoch  Firth, 
near  Meikle  Ferry,  on  south-east  border 
of  Sutherland. 

EVIE  AND  RENDALL,  conjoint  parish 
in  Orkney.  It  comprises  the  north-eastern 
part  of  Pomona  and  the  island  of  Gairsay  ; 
and  it  has  a  post  office  of  Evie,  with  money 
order  department,  and  a  post  office  of  Ren- 
dall,  both  designated  of  Orkney.  Its  length 
is  10  miles ;  and  its  greatest  breadth,  ex- 
clusive of  Gairsay,  is  4|  miles.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £4102.  Pop.  1351. 
A  group  of  tame  hills,  nowhere  higher 
than  about  400  feet,  occupies  the  extreme 
north,  and  terminates  there  in  the  bold 
promontory  of  Costahead ;  a  range  of 
lower  hills  extends  thence  to  the  southern 
boundary,  and  forms  the  larger  portion  of 
the  entire  land ;  and  a  gentle  declivity, 
from  f  to  1J  mile  broad,  forms  the  sea- 
board, and  is  under  cultivation.  Chief 
residences  are  Burgar  House  and  Rendall 
Hall ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  nine  Picts' 
houses.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  Congregational ;  and  there  are 
3  public  schools  with  about  165  scholars. 

EVIGAN,  bay  on  west  side  of  Stronsay, 
Orkney. 

EVORT.    See  Eport. 

EWART,  island  in  mouth  of  Loch  Shiel, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

EWE,  river,  sea-loch,  and  island  in  west 
of  Ross-shire.  The  river  runs  west-north- 
westward from  Loch  Maree  to  head  of  the 
sea-loch  at  Poolewe,  and  is  short,  broad, 
and  rapid.  The  sea-loch  extends  about  7 
miles  north-by-westward  to  the  Minch, 
and  has  an  extreme  width  of  3|  miles. 
The  island  lies  near  the  middle  of  the  sea- 
loch,  measures  nearly  2  miles  in  length, 
and  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.   Pop.  43. 

EWES,  rivulet  and  parish  in  extreme 
north-east  of  Dumfriesshire.  The  rivulet 
rises  among  mountains  at  boundary  with 
Roxburghshire,  and  runs  about  10  miles 
southward  to  the  Esk  at  Langholm.  The 
parish  comprises  the  basin  of  the  Ewes  to 
within  If  mile  of  Langholm,  and  the  upper 
part  of  the  basin  of  the  Tarras.  Its 
length  is  8  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
6h  miles ;  its  area  24,941  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £6658.  Pop.  337. 
The  surface  consists  of  mountains  and  hills 
intersected  by  two  vales.  The  church 
contains  about  230  sittings,  and  the  public 
school  is  new,  and  can  accommodate  60 
scholars. 

EWES,  head-stream  of  the  Luggate, 
Edinburghshire. 

EWESDALE,  basin  of  Ewes  rivulet,  in 
Dumfriesshire. 

EWIESIDE,  hill,  with  ancient  Cale- 
donian camp,  in  Cockburnspath  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

EYE,  small  river,  running  about  11  miles 
south-eastward  and  3^  miles  north-east- 
ward to  the  sea  at  Eyemouth,  Berwickshire. 

EYE,  lake  and  rivulet  in  north-east  of 
Ross-shire.    The  lake  is  in  Fearn  parish, 


EYE 


174 


FAL 


and  measures  about  2  miles  in  length  ;  and 
the  rivulet  issues  from  it,  forms  a  series  of 
smaller  lakes,  and  enters  Moray  Firth  near 
Ballintore  village. 

EYE,  in  Lewis.    See  UlE. 

EYEBROCHY,  islet  in  Dirleton  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

EYEMOUTH,  town  and  parish  on  coast 
of  Berwickshire.  The  town  stands  at  mouth 
of  Eye  river,  miles  north-north-east  of 
Ayton  railway  station ;  was  a  port  in  the 
time  of  Alexander  n.,  became  notable  in 
after  times  for  smuggling,  and  is  now  the 
headquarters  of  a  great  fishery  district ; 
occupies  low  ground  in  a  gap  between  two 
headlands  of  a  long  reach  of  high  rocky 
coast ;  and  has  a  post  office  with  all  de- 
partments under  Ayton,  2  banking  offices, 
3  inns,  a  very  fine  natural  harbour  with 
breakwater-pier,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  Evangelical  Union,  and 
Methodist  churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  accommodation  for  600  scholars. 
The  Free  church  was  erected  in  1879 ; 
the  public  schools  in  1877.  —  The  par- 
ish excludes  a  small  part  of  the  town, 
and  comprises  1004  acres.  Keal  property 
in  1880-81,  £8698.  Pop.  2935.  The  coast 
is  about  1%  mile  long,  and  has  an  average 
height  of  about  80  feet.  The  headland  on 
north  side  of  the  town  had  anciently  a  fort 
of  historical  note,  and  commands  an  ex- 
tensive view.  The  soil  of  the  interior  is 
arable  and  fertile. 

EYLT,  lake  in  Moydart  district,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

EYNORT,  sea-loch,  3  miles  long,  on  east 
side  of  South  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 


FAD,  beautiful  lake,  of  about  400  acres,  2 
miles  south-west  of  Rothesay,  Bute  Island. 

FAD,  lake,  3  miles  north  of  Portree,  Isle 
of  Skye. 

FADA.    See  Ellan  Fada. 

FAIFLEY,  manufacturing  village  near 
Duntocher,  Dumbartonshire.    Pop.  187. 

FAIL,  burn  and  quondam  ancient  monas- 
tery in  Tarbolton  parish,  Ayrshire.  The 
burn  runs  about  5  miles  south-south-east- 
ward to  river  Ayr  ;  and  the  monastery 
stood  on  it  about  a  mile  north-north-west 
of  Tarbolton  village,  and  is  notable  for 
sarcastic  rhymes  on  its  inmates,  quoted  in 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  Abbot. 

FAILFORD,  place  at  mouth  of  Fail  burn, 
Ayrshire. 

FAIRBAIRN,  estate,  with  ruined  old 
baronial  fortalice,  in  Urray  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

FAIREMHEALL,  mountain  in  Durness 
parish,  Sutherland. 

FAIRFIELD,  seat  near  the  Clyde,  be- 
tween Govan  and  Renfrew. 

FAIRFIELD,  seat  near  Monkton  village, 
Ayrshire. 

FAIRHOLM,  seat  near  Larkhall,  Lanark- 
shire. 

FAIR  ISLE,  island,  nearly  midway  be- 


tween Orkney  and  Shetland.  It  measures 
upwards  of  3  miles  by  nearly  2 ;  is  acces- 
sible at  only  one  point ;  rises  into  three 
lofty  promontories ;  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Lerwick,  and  an  Established  church. 
Pop.  214. 

FAIRLEY,  seat  in  Newhills  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

FAIRLIE,  village  and  headland  on  Cun- 
ningham coast  of  Ayrshire.  The  village 
stands  3  miles  south  of  Largs ;  presents  a 
pleasant  appearance,  with  neat  villas  at  its 
sides  ;  is  overlooked  by  an  old  baronial 
fortalice  ;  and  has  a  post  office  designated 
of  Ayrshire,  the  terminal  station  of  a 
branch  railway  opened  in  1880,  a  steam- 
boat pier  constructed  in  1880-81,  and 
Established  and  Free  churches.  Pop. 
665.  The  headland  is  5  miles  south- 
by-west  of  the  village,  and  flanks  north 
side  of  entrance  of  Ayr  Bay. 

FAIRLIE,  seat  in  Dundonald  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

FAIRNESS,  picturesque  spot  on  Find- 
horn  river,  in  Ardclach  parish,  Nairnshire. 

FAIRNEYSIDE,  estate  in  Ayton  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

FAIRNILEE,  estate  in  Galashiels  parish, 
Selkirkshire. 

FAIRNINGTON,  hamlet  in  Roxburgh 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

FAIRYBRIDGE,  place,  3  miles  north  of 
Dunvegan,  Isle  of  Skye. 

FAIRY-KNOWE,  eminence,  with  ancient 
Caledonian  fort,  above  Bridge  of  Allan. 

FALA,  village  and  parish  on  south-east 
verge  of  Edinburghshire.  The  village 
stands  15^  miles  south-east  of  Edinburgh  ; 
has  a  parochial  church,  a  United  Presby- 
terian church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  57  scholars ;  and  is  adjacent  to 
Blackshiels  post  office  village. — The  parish 
contains  also  part  of  Fala-Dam  village,  and 
is  united  to  the  contiguous  parish  of  Soutra 
in  Haddingtonshire.  The  united  parish 
measures  about  4  miles  by  3,  and  comprises 
3124  acres  in  Edinburghshire  and  2940  in 
Haddingtonshire.  Real  property  in  1880- 
81,  £2698.  Pop.  312.  The  northern 
section  is  level,  or  slightly  undulating,  and 
nearly  all  arable  and  fertile ;  but  the 
southern  section,  culminating  in  Soutra 
Hill,  is  a  western  portion  of  the  Lam- 
mermoors,  and  mostly  pastoral.  See 
Soutra. 

FALA-DAM,  village,  f  mile  north-west 
of  Fala  village,  Edinburghshire. 

FALA-HALL,  quondam  ancient  baronial 
tower,  about  \  mile  north  of  Fala  village, 
Edinburghshire. 

FALA-HILL,  hamlet  in  Heriot  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

FALBEY,  lake  in  Parton  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

FALDONSIDE,  seat  in  Galashiels  parish, 
Selkirkshire. 

FALDSHOPE,  hill  in  Yarrow  parish, 
Selkirkshire. 

FALFEARNIE,  head-stream  of  the  South 
Esk,  in  Cortachy  parish,  Forfarshire. 


FAL 


175 


FAR 


FALFIELD,  seat  in  Kilconquhar  parish, 
Fife. 

FALKIRK,  town  and  parish  in  Stirling- 
shire. The  town  stands  11  miles  south- 
east of  Stirling ;  was  preceded  by  a  mili- 
tary station  of  Antoninus'  "Wall ;  took  its 
name,  originally  Fallow -Kirk,  from  a 
church  founded  by  Malcolm  ill.  in  1070 ; 
gives  name  to  two  famous  battles, — the  one, 
in  1298,  on  ground  now  partly  covered  by 
Grahamstown  suburb — the  other,  in  1746, 
on  ground  now  traversed  by  the  Union 
Canal  and  the  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow 
Railway;  was  never  more  than  a  mere 
village  till  comparatively  modern  times ; 
is  now  a  parliamentary  burgh,  uniting 
with  Linlithgow,  Airdrie,  Hamilton,  and 
Lanark  in  sending  a  member  to  parlia- 
ment ;  conducts  much  business  in  connec- 
tion with  a  weekly  market,  annual  cattle 
'trysts,'  and  neighbouring  mines  and 
manufactories ;  comprises  a  compact  cen- 
tre on  a  slight  rising-ground,  and  strag- 
gling disjointed  suburbs  on  encompassing 
plain ;  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  2  railway  stations,  5  banking 
offices,  5  hotels,  burgh  buildings  of  1877, 
a  town  hall  of  1879,  a  spacious  modern 
parochial  church  with  ancient  porch  and 
steeple,  a  recent  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church,  2  Free  churches,  3  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  Congregational,  Evangeli- 
cal Union, Baptist,  Episcopalian,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  an  academy,  and  3 
public  schools ;  and  publishes  2  news- 
papers, one  of  them  weekly,  the  other 
twice  a  week.  Real  property  of  the  burgh 
in  1880-81,  £41,783.  Pop.  13,170.— The 
parish  contains  also  Laurieston,  Barley- 
side,  and  Glen,  parts  of  Carron  Ironworks 
and  Bonnybridge,  and  most  of  Grange- 
mouth. Its  length  is  9  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  3f  miles ;  its  area  19,551  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81  of  landward 
parts,  £20,916.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  quoad 
civilia,  25,061 ;  quoad  sacra,  11,549.  About 
a  third  of  the  land  is  flat  rich  carse ;  and 
the  ground  south-westward  thence  rises 
gradually  to  a  maximum  height  of  about 
600  feet  above  sea-level,  and  is  mostly 
arable,  but  includes  some  moor  and  moss. 
Coal  is  plentiful,  and  ironstone,  limestone, 
and  sandstone  are  found.  Chief  seats  are 
Callendar,  Kerse,  and  Bantaskine ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  vestiges  of  Antoninus' 
"Wall  and  remains  of  Castlecary.  21 
schools  for  1889  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  4  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for 
1330  are  new. 

FALKIRK  AND  KILSYTH,  railway,  pro- 
jected in  1882,  to  strike  from  the  North 
British  near  Camelon,  to  go  thence  10 
miles  west-south- westward  to  Kilsyth,  and 
to  send  off  a  branch  of  f  mile  to  the  Denny 
line,  in  Stirlingshire. 

FALKLAND,  town  and  parish  in  Cupar 
district,  Fife.  The  town  stands  2f  miles 
north-west  of  Falkland  Road  railway  sta- 
tion and  8  south-west  of  Cupar ;  is  over- 
hung on  the  south-west  by  East  Lomond 


Hill ;  was  long  the  capital  of  the  stewartry 
of  Fife,  and  a  retreat  of  the  Scottish  kings 
amid  a  royal  hunting  forest ;  had  a  castle, 
now  extinct,  in  which  Prince  David,  son 
of  Robert  III.,  suffered  fearful  cruelty,  as 
narrated  in  Sir  "Walter  Scott's  Fair  Maid 
of  Perth;  possesses  considerable  well- 
preserved  remains  of  a  royal  palace  ;  ranks 
as  a  royal  burgh  without  parliamentary 
representation ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Ladybank,  a  banking  office,  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  201  scholars.  Pop. 
972. — The  parish  contains  also  Freuchie 
town,  Newton-of -Falkland  and  Balmbrae 
villages,  and  small  part  of  Dunshalt.  Its 
length  is  6  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  4J 
miles ;  its  area  8265  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £15,484.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
2698 ;  quoad  sacra,  1581.  The  surface  in- 
cludes a  portion  of  the  valley  of  the  Eden, 
rises  southward  thence  into  the  Lomond 
Hills,  descends  thence  to  a  low  tract  on  the 
southern  border,  exhibits  on  the  whole  a 
beautiful  diversity,  and  is  adorned  in  many 
parts  with  wood.  The  chief  seat  is  Nuthill ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  traces  of  fortifica- 
tions on  the  Lomond  Hills.  Two  public 
schools  for  535  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  have  recent  enlargements  for  169. 

FALKLAND  (NEWTON  OF),  viUage  about 
a  mile  east  of  Falkland,  Fife. 

FALKLAND  ROAD,  railway  station,  3 
miles  north  of  Markinch,  Fife. 

FALLEN  ROCKS,  steep  rocky  landslip, 
resembling  an  avalanche,  on  north-east 
coast  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

FALLIGOE,  small  sea -inlet  in  Wick 
parish,  Caithness. 

FALLIN,  small  harbour  on  the  Forth  in 
St.  Ninian's  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

FALLOCH,  rivulet,  running  about  9 
miles  south-westward  and  southward  to 
head  of  Loch  Lomond. 

FALLSIDE,  railway  station,  1|  mile  east 
of  Uddingstone,  Lanarkshire. 

FALSIDE,  hill  and  ancient  strong  for- 
talice,  2  miles  east  of  Inveresk,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

FALSIDE,  seat,  4|  miles  south-west  of 
Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire. 

FANKERTON,  village,  2  miles  west  of 
Denny,  Stirlingshire. 

FANNA,  lofty  hill  on  south-east  border 
of  Hobkirk  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

FANNICH,  alpine  lake  1\  mileslong,  engirt 
by  mountains  called  Fannich  Forest,  aver- 
agely  18  miles  west  of  Dingwall,  Ross-shire. 

FANNYSIDE,  lake  and  moor  in  Cumber- 
nauld parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

FANS,  village,  3  miles  north-east  of  Earl- 
ston,  Berwickshire. 

FARA,  small  island  about  a  mile  south- 
east of  Hoy,  Orkney. 

FARA,  small  island  between  South  Uist 
and  Barra,  Outer  Hebrides. 

FARAY.    See  Pharay. 

FARDLEHILL,  village  in  Kilmaurs  parish, 
Ayrshire. 


FAR 


176 


FEA 


FARE,  hill,  about  17  miles  in  circuit, 
1545  feet  high,  averagely  18  miles  west- 
by-south  of  Aberdeen.  It  was  the  scene 
of  a  battle  in  the  Civil  War  of  1562. 

FARG,  rivulet,  running  about  7  miles 
windingly  to  the  Earn,  at  If  mile  north- 
west of  Abernethy,  Perthshire. 

FARIGAG,  rivulet,  running  about  12 
miles  tortuously,  and  traversing  a  deep 
defile,  to  south-east  side  of  Loch  Ness,  at 
13  miles  north-east  of  Fort  -  Augustus, 
Inverness-shire. 

FARKIN,  small  bay  in  upper  part  of 
west  side  of  Loch  Lomond. 

FARME,  seat  near  Rutherglen,  Lanark- 
shire. 

FARNELL,  parish,  containing  Farnell 
Road  railway  station,  6£  miles  by  railway 
south-east  of  Brechin,  Forfarshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  of  its  own  name  under 
Brechin.  Its  length  is  5  J  miles  ;  its  great- 
est breadth  3£  miles  ;  its  area  5703  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8531.  Pop. 
613.  The  northern  section  is  flat  land, 
adjacent  to  the  South  Esk  ;  and  the  other 
sections  rise  into  a  hill-ridge  of  no  great 
height,  and  partly  moorish.  A  chief 
object  is  Kinnaird  Castle,  the  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Southesk.  The  church  is  a  hand- 
some modern  edifice ;  and  the  public 
school  has  about  123  scholars. 

FARNUA,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Kirkhill,  Inverness-shire. 

FAROUTHEAD,  promontory,  faced  with 
cliffs  from  300  to  400  feet  high,  and  pro- 
jecting 3  miles  from  adjacent  coast  to  a 
point  7  miles  east-by-south  of  Cape  Wrath, 
in  Sutherland. 

FARR,  hamlet  and  parish  in  north  of 
Sutherland.  The  hamlet  lies  on  the 
coast,  25  miles  west-by-south  of  Thurso, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Thurso,  an  inn, 
an  ancient  monolith,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
136  scholars.  The  parish  measures  33 
miles  in  length,  and  10  miles  in  greatest 
breadth.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,198.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1930;  quoad 
sacra,  1140.  The  coast  has,  exclusive  of 
sinuosities,  a  length  of  11  miles  ;  is  high, 
rocky,  and  cavernous ;  and  includes 
Strathy,  Armadale,  and  Farr  Heads,  and 
Strathy  and  Farr  Bays.  The  interior  is 
mountainous,  and  rises  to  alpine  height  in 
the  south,  but  includes  all  Strathnaver 
and  Strathstrathy,  and  contains  consider- 
able aggregate  of  low  arable  land  in  these 
straths  and  on  the  sea-board.  The  an- 
tiquities are  standing  stones,  tumuli, 
dunes,  and  a  ruined  castle.  Established 
and  Free  churches  are  at  Strathy.  Five 
schools  for  355  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  2  of  them  and  enlargements  for  164 
are  new. 

FARR,  estate,  with  post  office  under 
Inverness,  mansion,  and  an  ancient  Cale- 
donian stone  circle  in  Daviot  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

FARRAGON,  mountain  in  Dull  parish, 
Perthshire. 


FARRALARIE,  lake  in  Golspie  parish, 
Sutherland. 

FARRALINE,  mountain  lake  in  Dores 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

FARRAR,  head-stream  of  Beauly  river, 
Inverness-shire. 

FARSKANE,  place,  with  coast  cave  and 
old  chapel,  in  Rathven  parish,  Banffshire. 

FASBEN,  or  FASHVEN,  mountain,  1504 
feet  high,  in  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

FASKALLY,  seat  on  the  Tummel,  near 
Pitlochrie,  Perthshire. 

FASKINE,  village  and  colliery  in  Old 
Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire.  Pop.,  with 
Palace  Craig,  475. 

FASLANE,  place,  with  vestiges  of  ancient 
castle  and  chapel,  in  Row  parish,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 

FASNACLOICH,  estate,  with  post  office 
under  Ledaig,  mansion,  and  lake,  on  Creran 
river,  Lorn,  Argyleshire. 

FASNAKYLE,  estate,  with  mansion, 
Roman  Catholic  modern  chapel,  and  old 
chapel  and  burying-ground,  in  Strathglass, 
Inverness-shire. 

FASNEY,  affluent  of  the  Whitadder,  on 
southern  border  of  Haddingtonshire. 

FASQUE,  seat  of  Sir  Thomas  Gladstone, 
Bart.,  1-J  mile  north  of  Fettercairn,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

FASSERN,  seat  on  north  side  of  upper 
part  of  Loch  Eil,  Inverness-shire. 

FAST  CASTLE,  quondam  crown-fortalice, 
now  a  ruin,  7  miles  north-west  of  Eye- 
mouth, Berwickshire.  It  stands  on  a 
precipitous  peninsulated  lofty  rock,  over- 
hanging the  sea,  made  a  considerable  figure 
in  history,  commands  an  extensive  impres- 
sive view,  and  may  have  suggested  to  Sir 
Walter  Scott  some  features  of  'Wolf's 
Crag '  in  his  Bride  of  Lammermoor. 

FATLIPS,  conspicuous  recently -recon- 
structed old  castle,  on  crown  of  Minto 
Crags,  Roxburghshire. 

FATLIPS,  ancient  castle,  now  a  frag- 
mentary ruin,  on  south-east  skirt  of  Tinto 
Mountain,  Lanarkshire. 

FAULD,  burn,  running  to  the  Briech,  in 
south-west  corner  of  Linlithgowshire. 

FAULDHOUSE,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  on  Fauld  burn,  3 J  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Whitburn,  Linlithgowshire. 
The  town  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Linlithgowshire,  a  railway  station,  an 
Established  church,  and  a  Roman  Catholic 
chapel.  Pop.  of  town  with  Crofthead, 
3000  ;  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  3933. 

FAUNGRASS,  small  affluent  of  the 
Blackadder,  at  2  miles  west-north-west  of 
Greenlaw,  Berwickshire. 

FEA,  eminence,  with  precipitous  cavern- 
ous sea-front,  in  Cross  section  of  Sanday 
Island,  Orkney. 

FEACHAN,  or  FEOCHAN,  sea-loch  open- 
ing from  Firth  of  Lorn  at  5}  miles  south- 
by- west  of  Oban,  Argyleshire.  It  is  flanked 
by  high  rocky  promontories,  and  it  strikes 
about  5  miles,  first  south-eastward,  next 
north-eastward,  up  to  fine  glen  scenery. 


FEA 


177 


FER 


FEACHORY,  upper  reach  of  Erichkie 
river,  Perthshire. 

FEA-DRUM,  north  end  of  hill-range,  on 
mutual  border  of  Sutherland  and  Caithness. 

FEARN,  parish,  with  church  7\  miles 
west  of  Brechin,  Forfarshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Brechin.  Its  length  is 
5£  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  nearly  3^ 
miles  ;  its  area  8792  acres.  Beal  property 
in  1880-81,  £5183.  Pop.  316.  About 
one-fourth  of  the  surface  is  part  of  Strath- 
more,  and  the  rest  rises  to  a  watershed  of 
the  Grampians,  The  public  school  has 
about  50  scholars. 

FEARN,  hamlet  and  parish  on  east  coast 
of  Boss.  The  hamlet  lies  3J  miles  south- 
east of  Tain,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Boss-shire,  a  railway  station, 
a  parochial  church,  a  Free  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  180  scholars. 
The  parochial  church  is  a  reconstructed 
part  of  an  ancient  abbey  in  early  pointed 
architecture,  adjoined  by  a  part  in  state  of 
ruin. — The  parish  contains  also  Hilltown 
and  Ballintore  villages,  and  measures  2 
miles  in  length  and  nearly  2  in  breadth. 
Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £10,467.  Pop. 
2135.  The  coast  is  partly  fiat  and  sandy, 
partly  bold  and  rocky;  and  the  interior 
includes  a  few  eminences,  but  is  mostly 
low  and  nearly  fiat.  Interesting  objects 
are  an  ancient  sculptured  pillar,  Lochslin 
Castle,  and  vestiges  of  Cadboll  Castle. 
There  are  3  public  schools,  all  new,  for  378 
scholars. 

FECHLEY,  mound,  upwards  of  60  feet 
high,  engirt  Ly  wide  deep  fosse,  and 
crowned  by  vitrified  remains  of  a  tower, 
in  Towie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

FEDERATE,  ruined  ancient  fortalice  in 
New  Deer  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

FELL,  small  lake  in  Mochrum  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

FENDER,  burn,  running  5  miles  from 
Benygloe  to  lower  part  of  the  Tilt,  in 
Athole,  Perthshire.  It  makes  three  pic- 
turesque cascades. 

FENDER-BRIDGE,  hamlet  on  Fender 
burn,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Blair- Athole. 

FENDOCH,  Boman  camp  in  Monzie  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

FENELLA,  isolated  lofty  hill-ridge  in 
Fordoun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

FENELLA'S,  ruined  ancient  castle,  said 
to  have  been  the  place  where  King  Ken- 
neth III.  was  murdered,  about  a  mile  west 
of  Fettercairn,  Kincardineshire. 

FENTON,  village  in  Dirleton  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

FENTONBARNS,  estate  in  Dirleton  par- 
ish, Haddingtonshire. 

FENWICK,  village  and  parish  in  Cun- 
ningham, Ayrshire.  The  village  stands  on 
a  rivulet  of  its  own  name,  4  miles  north-by- 
east  of  Kilmarnock,  and  has  a  post  office 
with  money  order  department  under  Kil- 
marnock, Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian    churches,    and    a  public 


school  with  about  97  scholars.  The 
parish  is  about  9  miles  long  and  6  miles 
broad,  and  comprises  18,134  acres.  Real 
property  in  1879-80,  £15,639.  Pop.  1152. 
The  surface  slopes  gently  from  boundary 
with  Benfrewshire  to  the  south-west,  and. 
lies  averagely  at  considerable  elevation 
above  sea-level,  but  as  seen  from  distant 
hill-tops  appears  all  a  plain ;  and,  at 
about  middle  of  17th  century,  was  re- 
garded as  moorland,  but  is  now,  with 
small  exception,  either  in  tillage  or  in 
pasture.  An  interesting  place  in  it  is 
Lochgoin,  very  famous  in  the  history  of 
the  Covenanters.  There  are  3  schools  for 
207  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  120  is  new. 

FENZIES,  lake  in  Lethendy  parish, 
Perthshire. 

FEOCHAN.    See  Feaohan. 

FEOLINE,  place  on  south  coast  of  Jura 
Island,  with  ferry  station  to  Islay,  Argyle- 
shire. 

FEORLIG,  farm,  with  large  cairns,  near 
head  of  Loch  Boag,  Isle  of  Skye. 

FERDUN,  stream,  running  southward  to 
the  Luther,  Kincardineshire. 

FERENEZE,  hill-group  from  2  to  5  miles 
south-west  of  Paisley,  Benfrewshire.  They 
include  Gleniffer  and  Stanley  Braes,  have 
summits  from  700  to  about  900  feet  high, 
and  command  rich,  diversified,  extensive 
views. 

FERGUS,  small  lake  in  Ayr  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

FERGUSHILL,  village  and  colliery  in  Kil- 
winning parish,  Ayrshire.  The  village  has 
a  chapel-of-ease,  erected  in  1879,  and  a  pub- 
lic school  with  about  268  scholars.   Pop.  537. 

FERGUSLIE,  western  suburb  of  Paisley, 
Benfrewshire.  The  estate  on  which  it 
stands  belonged  to  Paisley  Abbey,  was 
divided,  and  retains  vestiges  of  an  ancient 
baronial  fortalice. 

FERGUS  (ST.),  village  and  parish  belong- 
ing to  Banffshire,  but  situated  about  17 
miles  east-south-east  of  nearest  part  of 
main  body  of  that  county.  The  village 
stands  on  the  coast,  5  miles  north-north- 
west of  Peterhead, and  has  a  post  office  under 
Peterhead,  Established,  Free,  and  Baptist 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
147  scholars.  Pop.  241. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Inverugie  village,  and  measures 
5J  miles  in  length,  3|  miles  in  greatest 
breadth,  and  8856  acres  in  area.  Beal 
property  in  1880-81,  £8771.  Bop.  1527. 
The  coast  is  low  and  sandy ;  the  sea- 
board is  mainly  an  expanse  of  rich  meadow 
or  '  links  ; '  and  the  interior  is  an  alterna- 
tion of  fine  rising  grounds  and  vales.  A 
chief  object  is  the  ruin  of  Inverugie  Castle. 
4  schools  for  299  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  3  of  them  for  270  are  new. 

FERGUS  (ST.),  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Halkirk,  in  Caithness. 

FERGUSTON,  place,  with  vestiges  of 
Antoninus'  "Wall,  in  New  Kilpatrick 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

FERINTOSH,  barony  in  eastern  vicinity 
of  Dingwall,  Boss-shire.     It  belongs  to 

M 


FER 


178 


FET 


Nairnshire,  but  lies  13  miles  west  of 
nearest  part  of  main  body  of  that  county  ; 
it  comprises  about  5973  acres  ;  it  had,  from 
1746  till  1786,  the  privilege  of  distilling 
whisky  from  grain  of  its  own  growth  free 
of  duty  ;  and  it  has  now  a  post  office  under 
Dingwall,  and  a  public  school  with  about 

FERNESS*,    or    FERSNESS,    bay  and 

promontory  on  west  side  of  Eday  Island, 
Orkney. 

FERNIE,  estate,  with  ancient  strong 
fortalice,  believed  to  have  been  a  castle 
of  Macduff,  3  miles  west  of  Cupar,  Fife. 

FERNIE-EASTER,  village  near  Fernie 
Castle,  Fife. 

FERNIEGAIR,  village  and  colliery  be- 
tween Hamilton  and  Larkhall,  Lanark- 
shire. The  village  has  a  railway  station, 
and  a  public  school,  erected  in  1876  at  a 
cost  of  nearly  £4000,  with  accommodation 
for  250  scholars.    Pop.  551. 

FERNIEHIRST,  massive  castellated  seat 
of  Marquis  of  Lothian's  ancestors,  on  Jed 
river,  2  miles  south  of  Jedburgh,  Rox- 
burghshire. It  was  erected  in  1598,  and 
afterwards  enlarged  and  altered ;  and  it 
occupies  the  site  of  a  historical  castle 
erected  in  1490  and  destroyed  in  1570. 

FERNIN,  place,  with  post  office  under 
Aberfeldy.  Perthshire. 

FERNMORE,  headland  at  south  side  of 
entrance  of  Loch  Torridon,  Ross- shire. 

FERNTOWER,  a  seat  of  Lord  Aber- 
cromby,  formerly  the  seat  of  the  martial 
Sir  David  Eaird,  1^  mile  north-north-east 
of  Crieff,  Perthshire. 

FERRYBANK,  seat  in  Cupar  parish, 
Fife. 

FERRYDEN,  fishing  town  on  South 
Esk  river,  and  on  Arbroath  and  Montrose 
Pailway,  opposite  Montrose  harbour,  For- 
farshire. It  is  suburban  to  Montrose,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Montrose,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  160  scholars. 
Pop.  1514. 

FERRY  (EAST  and  WEST).  See 
Broughty  Fekry. 

FERRYFIELD,  print-works  in  Vale  of 
Leven,  near  Bonhill,  Dumbartonshire. 

FERRYHILL,  south-western  suburb  of 
Aberdeen.  It  stands  at  deflection  of 
Deeside  Railway  from  the  Caledonian ; 
has  a  railway  station,  and  Established  and 
Free  churches ;  and  is  main  part  of  a  quoad 
sacra  parish,  with  pop.  of  4941. 

FERRYHILL,  peninsula  at  North  Queens- 
ferry,  Fife. 

FERRY  (LITTLE  and  MEIKLE),  ferries 
on  Dornoch  Firth,  7  and  3  miles  west- 
north-west  of  Tain,  Ross-shire. 

FERRY- PORT -ON -CRAIG,  town  and 
parish  in  extreme  north-east  of  Fife. 
The  town  stands  on  Fixth  of  Tay,  oppo- 
site Broughty  Ferry ;  sprang  from  an 
ancient  ferry ;  took  the  alternative  name 
of  Tayport  at  formation  of  the  Edinburgh, 
Perth,  and  Dundee  Railway ;  acquired 
then  extensive  harbour-works  and  station- 
buildings  for  the  railway's  communication 


with  Broughty  Ferry  ;  became  afterwards 
a  sea-bathing  resort ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, of  the  name  of  Tayport,  Fife,  a 
banking  office,  a  hotel,  Established,  Free, 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a 
new  public  school  with  accommodation  for 
576  scholars. — The  parish  measures  4  miles 
in  length,  1|  mile  in  extreme  breadth,  and 
2758  acres  in  area.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £10,360.  Pop.  2818.  The  coast 
extends  round  Tentsmoor  Point  to  the 
German  Ocean ;  and  the  land  is  low 
and  flat  in  the  east,  but  high  and  rocky  in 
the  west. 

FESHIE,  river  rising  among  the  Central 
Grampians,  and  running  about  25  miles, 
chiefly  northward,  down  a  picturesque 
glen  to  the  Spey,  opposite  Alvie  church, 
Inverness-shire. 

FESHIE -BRIDGE,  hamlet  on  Feshie 
river,  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Kingussie. 

FETHELAND,  islet  in  Northmaven  parish, 
Shetland. 

FETHERAY.    See  Fiddrie. 

FETLAR,  island,  3  miles  east  of  YeU, 
and  4  south  of  Unst,  Shetland.  It  mea- 
sures about  3£  miles  by  2;  is  much 
indented  round  its  coast ;  presents  a 
bare,  tumulated  surface,  nowhere  higher 
than  about  300  feet ;  forms  a  quoad  sacra 
parish;  and  has  a  post  office  under  Ler- 
wick, Established,  and  Free  churches,  and 
a  public  school.    Pop.  431. 

FETLAR  AND  NORTH  YELL,  parish 
comprising  Fetlar  Island  and  northern 
part  of  Yell,  in  Shetland.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £1878.  Pop.  1252.— The  Yell 
portion  contains  Gloup,  Midbrake,  and 
G_reenbank  seats,  and  some  antiquities ; 
and,  as  to  coast  and  surface,  will  be  noticed 
in  our  account  of  Yell.  The  church  in  it 
is  modern,  and  contains  327  sittings.  Four 
schools  for  234  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  3  of  them  for  180  are  new. 

FETTERANGUS,  village,  2  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Mintlaw,  Aberdeenshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Mintlaw.    Pop.  364. 

FETTERCAIRN,  village  and  parish  on 
south-west  border  of  Kincardineshire. 
The  village  stands  4£  miles  west-by- 
north  of  Laurencekirk,  and  has  a  post 
office  with  all  departments  under 
Laurencekirk,  a  banking  office,  2  inns, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  96  scholars. 
Pop.  398. — The  parish  measures  8  miles 
by  4£,  and  comprises  13,728  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £12,128.  Pop.  1503. 
The  surface  includes  part  of  the  Lower 
Grampians  and  part  of  the  How  of  Mearns  ; 
and  is  bounded  for  5  miles,  on  the  south- 
west and  south,  by  the  North  Esk.  Chief 
seats  are  Fettercairn  House,  Fasque,  and 
Burn ;  and  a  chief  antiquity  is  Fenella's 
Castle.  An  Episcopalian  chapel  is  at 
Fasque.  Four  schools  for  465  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  one  of  them  for 
120  is  new. 


FET 


179 


FIN 


FETTERESSO,  parish,  containing  Skate- 
row  village  and  part  of  Stonehaven  town, 
on  coast  of  Kincardineshire.  Its  length  is 
8f  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  5£  miles ; 
its  area  27,245  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £36,276.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
5541 ;  quoad  sacra,  3093.  Carron  river 
traces  the  southern  boundary,  and  Cowie 
river  runs  across  the  southern  district. 
The  tracts  adjacent  to  these  streams  are 
low,  rich,  and  beautiful ;  but  the  surface 
to  the  north  of  them  is  irregular,  diversi- 
fied with  hills,  and  partly  bleak.  Chief 
seats  are  Fetteresso  Castle,  Ury,  Rickar- 
ton,  Muchalls,  Elsick,  Netherby,  Cowie, 
Berryhill,  and  Newhall ;  and  chief  antiqui- 
ties are  Thane's  Castle,  a  Roman  camp, 
and  numerous  ancient  Caledonian  monu- 
ments. The  parochial  church  stands  near 
Stonehaven,  and  contains  1600  sittings ; 
quoad  sacra  parochial  churches  are  at 
Cookney  and  Rickarton  ;  a  United  Presby- 
terian church  is  in  Stonehaven ;  and  an 
Episcopalian  chapel  is  at  Muchalls.  12 
schools  for  1053  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  3  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for 
652  are  new. 

FETTERNEAR,  estate,  with  mansion 
and  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  on  the  Don, 
in  Chapel  of  Garioch  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

FEUGH,  rivulet,  running  about  12  miles 
north-north-eastward  to  the  Dee,  at  Ban- 
chory, Kincardineshire. 

FEWN,  lake,  3£  miles  south-east  of 
Inver,  south-west  border  of  Sutherland. 

FIAG,  lake,  glen,  and  burn  7  miles 
southward  to  Loch  Shin,  Sutherland. 

FIDDICK,  rivulet,  running  about  12 
miles  curvingly  toward  the  north  to  the 
Spey,  near  Craigellachie,  Banffshire. 

FIDDLER,  burn  and  ravine  in  Carluke 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

FIDDRIE,  or  FETHERAY,  rocky  islet, 
with  ruins  of  small  chapel,  off  Dirleton 
coast,  Haddingtonshire. 

FIELD-CRAIGHTON,  hamlet  in  New 
Kilpatrick  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

FIFE.    See  Fifeshire. 

FIFE-KEITH,  section  or  suburb  of  Keith 
town,  Banffshire. 

FIFENESS,  headland  at  eastern  extrem- 
ity of  Fife,  flanking  north  side  of  entrance 
of  Firth  of  Forth. 

FIFESHIRE,  or  FIFE,  peninsular  mari- 
time county,  between  Firth  of  Tay  and 
Firth  of  Forth.  It  measures,  exclusive  of 
sinuosities,  18  miles  along  Firth  of  Tay, 
13|  miles  along  German  Ocean,  41  miles 
along  Firth  of  Forth,  and  24  miles  along 
landward  border,  and  comprises  513  square 
miles.  The  north  coast  is  mostly  a  gentle 
slope;  the  east  coast  partly  flat  sandy 
beach,  partly  rocky ;  the  south  coast 
mostly  a  series  of  indentation,  projection, 
and  curvature  by  small  bays  and  headlands. 
The  western  border  includes  a  skirt  of  the 
Ochil  Hills,  contains  most  of  the  Lomond 
Hills,  part  of  Binarty  Hill,  and  all  the 
Saline  Hills,  and  is  much  and  pleasantly 


diversified.  The  middle  and  eastern  sec- 
tions are  mostly  valley  and  undulation, 
but  contain  many  rising  -  grounds,  some 
considerable  softly  -  featured  hills,  and 
occasional  bold  broken  heights,  and  may 
be  regarded  as  a  good  epitome  of  the  best 
portions  of  the  Scottish  Lowlands.  The 
chief  rivers  are  the  Eden  and  the  Leven. 
Carboniferous  rocks  underlie  a  large  por- 
tion of  the  area,  and  are  rich  in  coal  and 
limestone.  About  four-fifths  of  the  land 
are  arable,  and  in  well-cultivated  condi- 
tion. Linen  manufacture  is  a  prominent 
industry,  and  has  great  celebrity  in  its 
damask  department  at  Dunfermline. 
Commerce  is  carried  on  at  numerous 
ports,  especially  on  the  Forth,  and  is 
prominent  at  the  head  port  of  Kirkcaldy 
and  the  sub-port  of  Burntisland.  Fish- 
eries also  are  extensive,  and  have  head- 
quarters at  Anstruther.  The  towns  with 
each  more  than  5000  inhabitants  are 
Dunfermline,  Kirkcaldy,  Cupar,  and  St. 
Andrews ;  with  each  more  than  2000  are 
Burntisland,  Anstruther,  Dysart,  Buck- 
haven,  Auchtermuchty,  Leslie,  Leven, 
Lochgelly,  Newhurgh,  and  Ferry-Port-on- 
Craig ;  with  each  more  than  1000  are 
Inverkeithing,  Kinghorn,  Pittenweem, 
St.  Monance,  "West  Wemyss,  Markinch, 
Freuchie,  Cowdenbeath,  and  Crail ;  and 
the  villages  with  each  more  than  300 
amount  to  sixty  -  one.  The  territory 
belonged  to  the  Caledonian  Horestii  ;  was 
overrun  by  the  Romans ;  became  a  promi- 
nent portion  of  Pictavia ;  passed  early  to 
the  Scoto-Saxon  kings  ;  became  subject  to 
the  Thanes  or  Earls  of  Fife ;  made  some 
figure  in  the  wars  of  the  Succession,  and  a 
very  great  figure  in  the  Reformation  ;  is 
now  sometimes  popularly  called  the  King- 
dom of  Fife;  and  has  given,  since  1759, 
the  title  of  earl  to  the  family  of  Duff. 
Monuments  of  all  its  old  times  are  numer- 
ous and  various ;  and  specially  interesting 
ones  are  at  Dunfermline,  St.  Andrews,  and 
Falkland.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£757,274.  Pop.,  in  1871,  159,630;  in 
1881,  171,960. 

FIGGET,burn ,  running  nor  thward  to  Firth 
of  Forth  at  Portobello,  Edinburghshire. 

FILLAN,  highest  head-stream  of  the 
Tay,  running  10  miles  eastward  down 
Strathfillan  to  head  of  Glendochart, 
Perthshire. 

FILLAN'S  (ST.),  village  on  the  Earn,  5^ 
miles  west  of  Comrie,  Perthshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Crieff,  a  hotel,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school.  St.  Fillan's 
Hill,  £  mile  east-south-east  of  the  village, 
is  verdant,  conical,  and  about  600  feet 
high,  terminates  in  a  rock  called  St. 
Fillan's  Chair,  and  commands  a  unique 
and  very  striking  view. 

FINAVON.    See  Finhaven. 

FINCASTLE,  section  of  Dull  parish,  on 
north  side  of  the  Tummel,  5^  miles  north- 
west of  Pitlochrie,  Perthshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Pitlochrie,  a  mansion  of 
its  own  name,  and  ruins  of  about  15  ancient 


FIN 


180 


FIN 


castles,  and  it  gives  the  title  of  viscount 
to  the  Earl  of  Dunmore. 

FINDAYNATE,  seat  on  the  Tay,  between 
Logierait  and  Weem,  Perthshire. 

FINDHORN,  river,  rising  on  Monadhleadh 
Mountains  in  Inverness-shire,  running  to 
Moray  Firth  in  Elginshire,  traversing  rich 
variety  of  picturesque  scenery,  forming  in 
its  lowest  reach  a  lageon  3  miles  long,  and 
making  a  total  run  of  57  miles  measured 
in  straight  Jine  north  -  eastward,  but  of 
about  85  miles  along  its  bed.  Its  Gaelic 
name  is  Erne,  and  its  mountain  vale  is 
called  Strathdern. 

FINDHORN,  village  on  right  side  of 
mouth  of  Findhorn  river,  5  miles  north- 
by-east  of  Forres,  Elginshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Forres,  a  Free  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  114  scholars. 
Pop.  605. 

FINDLATER,  ruined  strong  ancient 
castle,  on  peninsulated  sea-cliff  4  miles 
west  of  Portsoy,  Banffshire.  It  gave  the 
title  of  earl,  from  1683  till  1811,  to  the 
family  of  Ogilvie. 

FINDLAY-SEAT,  hill,  1116  feet  high,  4§ 
miles  south-east  of  Elgin. 

FINDOCHTY,  fishing-village,  3^  miles 
west  of  Cullen,  Banffshire.  It  has  a  well- 
sheltered  harbour,  and  a  United  Presby- 
terian church.    Pop.  936. 

FINDOGASK.    See  Gask. 

FINDON,i  estate  on  Cromarty  Firth,  5 
miles  north-north-east  of  Dingwall,  Ross- 
shire. 

FINDON,  or  FINNAN,  fishing-village,  6 
miles  south-west  of  Aberdeen.  It  gave  name 
to  the  famous  dried  haddock.    Pop.  156. 

FINDRACK,  seat  in  Lumphanan  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

FINDRASSIE,  estate  in  New  Spynie 
parish,  Elginshire. 

FINE.    See  Fyne. 

FINGAL'S  CAVE.    See  Staffa. 

FINGAL'S  FORT,  ancient  circular  struc- 
ture in  ELillean  parish,  Argyleshire. 

FINGAL'S  FORT,  or  KNOCKFIN,  bold 
high  crag,  crowned  with  double  concentric 
ancient  structure,  figuring  conspicuously 
in  Strathglass,  Inverness-shire. 

FINGAL'S  SEAT.  See  Ait-Suidh- 
Thuin. 

FINGAL'S  STEPS,  acclivitous  natural 
stair  on  shoulder  of  lofty  mountain  in 
Morvern  parish,  Argyleshire. 

FINGASK,  a  seat  of  Sir  Patrick  M. 
Thriepland,  Bart.,  in  Kilspindie  parish, 
Perthshire.  It  is  a  castellated  edifice, 
partly  ancient,  partly  modern. 

FINGASK,  seat  in  Daviot  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

FINGASK,  seat  in  Kirkhill  parish,  In- 
verness-sbire. 

FINGLAND,  hill  and  cascade  of  about  56 
feet,  in  Eskdalemuir  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

FINGLEN,  picturesque  glen,  with  burn 
and  cascade,  in  Campsie  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

FINGLETON,  estate  in  Mearns  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 


FINHAVEN,  hamlet,  fragment  of  ancient 
noble  castle,  hill-range  with  vitrified  fort, 
and  estate,  in  Oathlaw  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. That  parish  itself  was  formerly 
called  Finhaven. 

FINK  (ST.),  site  of  extinct  hamlet,  with 
vestiges  of  ancient  chapel,  2f  miles  east- 
north-east  of  Blairgowrie,  Perthshire. 

FINLAGAN,  lake  in  centre  of  Islay 
Island,  Argyleshire.  It  measures  about  3 
miles  in  circuit,  and  has  an  islet  with 
ruined  ancient  castle  of  the  Lords  of  the 
Isles. 

FINLARIG,  ruined  ancient  noble  castle 
on  north-west  side  of  upper  part  of  Loch 
Tay,  Perthshire.  It  figures  in  Sir,Walter 
Scott's  Fair  Maid  of  Perth. 

FINLAS,  stream  running  to  Loch  Lo- 
mond, in  Luss  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

FINLAYS,  remnant  of  old  castle  in 
Nairn  parish,  Nairnshire. 

FINLAYSTON,  seat  in  Kilmalcolm 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

FINNAN.  See  Findon  and  Glen- 
finnan. 

FINNAN  (ST.),  small  island,  with  ruins 
of  ancient  church,  in  Loch  Shiel,  on 
mutual  border  of  Argyleshire  and  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

FINNART,  glen,  descending  eastward  to 
Loch  Long,  at  Ardentinny,  Argyleshire. 

FINNART,  seat  and  mountain  on  east 
side  of  Loch  Long,  in  Row  parish,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 

FINNART,  headland  at  mouth  of  Loch 
Ryan,  at  south-west  extremity  of  Ayrshire. 

FINNIESTON,  suburb  of  Glasgow  on  the 
Clyde,  to  the  west  of  Anderston.  It  has 
a  Free  church  founded  in  1877,  estimated 
to  cost  £11,250,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  643  scholars. 

FINNYFOLD,  village  in  Cruden  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

FINSLAY,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

FINSTOWN,  hamlet,  6  miles  west-north- 
west of  Kirkwall,  Orkney.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Orkney. 

FINTRAY,  parish,  with  church,  on  left 
side  of  the  Don,  8  miles  west  of  Aberdeen. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Aberdeen.  Its 
length  along  the  Don  is  nearly  6  miles  ; 
its  greatest  length  northward  is  nearly  5 
miles ;  its  area  is  7319  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £8299.  Pop.  1032.  The 
surface  rises  gradually  from  the  Don, 
declines  again  toward  the  north,  and  is 
nowhere  higher  than  about  300  feet. 
Fintray  House  is  a  seat  of  Sir  William 
Forbes,  Bart.  The  church  is  modern,  and 
has  nearly  800  sittings.  There  are  2 
schools  for  240  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  177  are  new. 

FINTRY,  village  and  parish  in  Stir- 
lingshire. The  village  stands  on 
Endrick  river,  6  miles  east-south-east 
of  Balfron,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow,  a  parochial  church,  and  a 
public  school. — The  parish  contains  also 


FIN 


181 


FLE 


Gonochan  and  Clachan  villages,  and  mea- 
sures about  6  miles  by  5.  Acres,  13,772. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £5252.  Pop. 
414.  The  surface  consists  of  three 
groups  of  the  Lennox  Hills  and  two 
intersecting  vales,  and  exhibits  much 
picturesqueness.  The  Endrick  rises  in 
the  northern  group,  called  distinctively 
Fintry,  Hills ;  and  it  makes  a  detour  to 
the  east,  acquires  force  and  volume  on 
turning  to  the  west,  and  makes  a  leap  of 
90  feet,  called  Loup  of  Fintry.  An  old, 
strong,  historical  castle  stood  on  south 
side  of  Fintry  Hills,  gives  the  title  of 
baron  to  the  Duke  of  Montrose,  and  is 
now  reduced  to  mere  vestiges.  Calcreuch 
House,  at  west  extremity  of  Fintry  Hills, 
is  an  interesting  mansion.  The  parochial 
church  is  modern,  and  contains  500 
sittings.  There  are  3  schools  for  234 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  90  is  new. 

FINTRY,  extinct  ancient  strong  castle 
in  Mains  parish,  Forfarshire. 

FINTRY,  place  in  Turriff  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  83  scholars. 

FINYEAN,  seat  in  Birse  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

FIOGHAN,  mountain  in  Balquhidder 
parish,  Perthshire. 

FIONN,  lake,  7  miles  long,  in  Greinord 
district,  west  coast,  Ross-shire.  It  has 
winding  shores,  and  is  engirt  by  grand 
mountains. 

FIONNCHAIRN,  ruined  ancient  castle 
on  Loch  Awe,  in  Glassary  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

FIR,  burn  running  to  the  Lossie  in 
Dallas  parish,  Elginshire. 

FIRDON,  rivulet  running  to  the  sea  in 
Applecross  parish,  Ross-shire. 

FIRHALL,  seat  in  Nairn  parish,  Nairn- 
shire. 

FIRKIN,  headland  on  west  side  of  Loch 
Lomond,  3§  miles  south-by-east  of  Tarbet, 
Dumbartonshire. 

FIRMOUTH,  lofty  mountain  in  Glen- 
tanner,  south  border  of  Aberdeenshire. 

FIRTH  AND  STENNESS,  conjoint  parish 
in  south-west  of  Orkney.  It  lies  mainly 
in  Pomona,  averagely  6£  miles  north-east 
of  Stromness,  but  includes  the  islets  of 
Damsay  and  Holm  of  Grimbister ;  and  it 
has  a  post  office  of  Stenness,  designated 
of  Orkney.  Its  length  is  8|  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  3J  miles.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £3246.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
1362 ;  quoad  sacra,  713.  The  surface  is 
mostly  moorish.  The  only  seat  is  Burness. 
Stenness  lake  and  ancient  monuments  are 
striking  features,  but  will  be  separately 
noticed.  The  churches  are  2  Established,  2 
Free,  and  1  United  Presbyterian.  There 
are  2  schools  for  260  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  183  are  new. 

FIRTHS,  voe  or  bay  in  Delting  parish, 
Shetland. 

FISHCROSS,   village  in  Clackmannan 
parish,  Clackmannanshire.    Pop.  114. 
FISHERIE,  place,  1\  miles  from  Turriff, 


Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Turriff. 

FISHERROW,  section  of  Musselburgh, 
on  left  bank  of  the  Esk,  Edinburghshire. 
It  is  mainly  a  fishing  town,  but  includes 
Musselburgh  harbour,  has  a  post  office 
with  money  order  department  under 
Musselburgh,  and  contains  North  Esk 
Established  church,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
183  scholars.    Pop.  4356. 

FISHERTON,  fishing  hamlet,  and  quoad 
sacra  parish,  6  miles  south-west  of  Ayr. 
Pop.  of  the  parish,  609. 

FISHERTOWN,  section  of  Cullen  town, 
Banffshire. 

FISH-HOLM,  islet  in  Delting  parish, 
Shetland. 

FISHLIN,  islet,  6  miles  south  of  Yell, 
Shetland. 

FISHWICK,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Hutton,  Berwickshire. 

FITFUL  HEAD,  bold  promontory,  929 
feet  high,  5J  miles  north-west  of  Sum- 
burgh  Head,  Shetland. 

FITHIE,  lake  in  Forfar  parish,  Forfarshire. 

FITHIE,  rivulet,  running  about  9  miles 
south-eastward  to  lower  part  of  the  Dighty, 
Forfarshire. 

FITTICKS  (ST.),  ancient  church  or  parish 
now  called  Nigg,  Kincardineshire. 

FITTIE,  lake,  3  miles  north-north-east  of 
Dunfermline,  Fife. 

FITTY,  hill  in  Westray  island,  Orkney. 

FIVE-MILE-HOUSE,  place,  3  miles  from 
Lochee,  Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Dundee. 

FLADDA,  island  between  Raasay  and 
Rona,  11  miles  north-east  of  Portree,  in 
Skye,  Inverness-shire.    Pop.  54. 

FLADDA,  island  between  North  Uist  and 
Benbecula,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  87. 

FLADDA,  island  at  mouth  of  Loch 
Resort,  Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

FLADDA,  islet  in  Barra  parish,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

FLADDA,  islet,  4-|  miles  south-east  of 
Aird  Point,  Isle  of  Skye. 

FLADDA,  one  of  the  Treshinish  isles, 
near  Mull,  Argyle shire. 

FLADDA-CHUAIN,  islet,  6  miles  north- 
west of  Aird  Point,  Isle  of  Skye. 

FLANDERS,  tract  of  about  10,000  acres 
extending  13  miles  eastward  along  the 
Forth  to  vicinity  of  Stirling.  It  was 
formerly  all  moss, — became  so  by  destruc- 
tion of  great  forest  in  time  of  the  Romans ; 
and  has  with  vast  labour  and  skill  been 
extensively  reclaimed. 

FLANNAN,  or  FLANNEL,  group  of  seven 
isles,  with  vast  flocks  of  sea-fowl  and 
remains  of  what  are  called  Druidical 
temples,  15  miles  west-north-west  of 
Gallan-Head,  in  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

FLASHEDDAR,  section  of  Duirinish 
parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

FLAWCRAIG,  hamlet  in  Kinnaird  parish, 
Perthshire. 

FLEET,  small  river  running  about  12 
miles  southward  and  expanding  into  fine 


FLE  182  FOR 


bay  3J  miles  long,  in  western  division  of 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

FLEET,  small  river  running  about  11 
miles  south-eastward,  expanding  into  tidal 
lagoon  4^-  miles  long  and  about  a  mile 
wide,  and  going  thence  1^  mile  eastward 
to  Dornoch  Firth,  in  south-east  of  Suther- 
land. A  mound  with  public  road  crosses 
the  lagoon  ;  has  arches  and  sluices  for  the 
water-way  ;  and  was  constructed  in  181 6 
at  a  cost  of  £12,500. 

FLEMINGTON,  village  near  Strathavon, 
Lanarkshire.    Pop.  691. 

FLEMINGTON,  seat,  lake,  and  two 
estates  in  Petty  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

FLEMINGTON,  strong,  stately,  old  cas- 
tellated mansion  in  Aberlemno  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

FLEMINGTON,  three  conjoint  places  in 
Ay  ton  parish,  Berwickshire. 

FLEMINGTON,  burn  running  to  the 
Lyne  in  Newlands  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

FLEURS.    See  FLOORS. 

FLINT,  lofty  hill  in  Stobo  parish,  Peebles- 
shire. 

FLISK,  parish  on  Firth  of  Tay  averagely 
3  miles  east-by-north  of  Newburgh,  on  north 
border  of  Fife.  Its  post  town  is  Cupar. 
Its  length  is  fully  4  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  1^  mile  ;  its  area  2614  acres. 
Keal  property  in  1880-81,  £4436.  Pop. 
259.  The  surface  is  nearly  level  adja- 
cent to  the  firth,  and  rises  thence  rapidly 
into  part  of  a  hill-range  about  750  feet 
high.  A  chief  object  is  Ballanbreich 
Castle.  The  churches  are  Established  and 
Free  ;  and  the  public  school  has  accommo- 
dation for  71  scholars. 

FLOAT,  small  bay  in  Stoneykirk  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

FLOAT-MOSS,  long  reach  of  low  fre- 
quently-overflooded  meadow-land  on  the 
Clyde,  in  Pettinain,  Carnwath,  and  Car- 
stairs  parishes,  Lanarkshire. 

FLODDA.    See  FLADDA. 

FLOORS,  chief  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Rox- 
burghe,  adjacent  to  the  Tweed,  about  a 
mile  west  of  Kelso,  Roxburghshire.  It 
was  erected  in  1718,  is  in  the  Tudor 
style,  and  has  rich  grounds  and  gardens. 

FLOORS,  pleasant  low  hill-range  in 
Avondale  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

FLORIDA,  part  of  Prospect  Hill  village, 
near  Queen's  Park,  suburban  to  Glasgow. 

FLOTTA,  island  near  mouth  of  Long- 
hope,  10  miles  south-south-east  of  Strom- 
ness,  Orkney.  It  measures  3|?  miles  by 
3;  is  famous  as  the  place  where  the  old 
Scottish  topographical  work  called  Codex 
Flotticensis  was  written ;  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Stromness,  a  good  harbour, 
and  an  Established  church. 

FLOTTA-CALF,  islet  near  Flotta,  Orkney. 

FLOWERDALE,  a  seat  of  Sir  Kenneth  S. 
Mackenzie,  Bart.,  at  head  of  Gairloch,  in 
Ross-shire. 

FLOWERHILL,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
church  in  Airdrie,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  4127. 

FLUDHA,  seat  near  Kirkcudbright. 

FOCHABERS,  town  on  the  Spey,  adjacent 


to  Gordon  Castle,  4  miles  north-east  of  a 
railway  station  of  its  own  name,  and  9  by 
road  south-east-by-east  of  Elgin.  It  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  2 
banking  offices,  3  good  inns,  Established, 
Free,  Episcopalian,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  and  Milne's  free  school  erected  in 
1846  from  a  bequest  of  £20,000.   Pop.  1189. 

FODDERTY,  parish,  containing  Strath- 
peffer  Spa  and  post  office,  Auchterneid  and 
Keithtown  villages,  and  most  of  Mary- 
burgh,  in  Ross-shire.  Its  length  is  15 
miles  ;  its  breadth  9  miles.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £12,584.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
2047 ;  quoad  sacra,  1880.  The  surface 
includes  Strathpeffer  valley,  but  elsewhere 
infringes  on  Benwyvis,  and  is  very  moun- 
tainous. A  chief  seat  is  Castle  Leod  ;  and 
a  chief  antiquity  is  a  large  vitrified  fort  on 
Knockfarrel.  The  churches  are  2  Estab- 
lished and  2  Free  ;  and  there  are  3  schools 
with  accommodation  for  332  scholars. 

FOFFARTY,  estate  in  Kinnettles  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

FOGO,  parish,  with  hamlet  of  its  own 
name,  3i  miles  south-south- west  of  Dunse, 
Berwickshire.  Its  post  town  is  Dunse. 
Its  length  is  5  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
scarcely  1\  miles ;  its  area  4652  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £7955.  Pop. 
468.  The  surface  consists  of  two  low 
parallel  ridges,  separated  by  the  Black- 
adder.  The  seats  are  Caldra  and  Charter- 
hall,  and  the  only  antiquity  is  the  vestige 
of  a  Roman  camp.  The  public  school  has 
accommodation  for  123  scholars. 

FOINAVEN,  massive  ridgy  mountain, 
3015  feet  high,  in  Edderachyllis  parish, 
Sutherland. 

FOINVEN,  mountain,  6J  miles  east  of 
Kinlochewe,  Ross-shire. 

FOLDA,  place,  13  miles  north-by-west  of 
Alyth,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Alyth. 

FOLLART,  sea-loch,  more  commonly 
called  Dunvegan,  in  west  of  Skye  island. 

FOODIE,  hill  in  Dairsie  parish,  Fife. 

FOOTDEE,  suburb  or  section  of  Aberdeen. 

FOPACHY,  harbour  in  Kirkhill  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

FORBES,  old  parish,  now  united  to 
Tullynessle,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen,  and  it  gives  the  peer- 
age title  of  baron  to  the  family  of  Forbes, 
whose  seat  is  Castle-Forbes,  in  Keig  parish. 

FORD,  village,  10^  miles  south-east  of 
Edinburgh.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Dalkeith,  and  a  United  Presbyterian  church. 

FORD,  hamlet  on  Loch  Awe,  in  Glassary 
parish,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Lochgilphead,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  43  scholars. 

FORD,  hamlet  on  south-west  border  of 
Forfarshire,  near  Coupar- Angus. 

FORDEL,  village  in  Dalgetty  parish,  Fife. 
Pop.  488.  Collieries,  Fordel  mansion,  and  a 
wooded  glen  with  cascade  are  in  its  vicinity. 

FORDER,  burn  in  Marykirk  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 


FOR 


183 


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FORDOUN,  village  and  parish  in  Kin- 
cardineshire. The  village  stands  2  miles 
north-west  of  a  railway  station  of  its 
own  name,  and  4£  north-north-east  of 
Laurencekirk,  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  a  hotel,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  172  scholars.  The  parish  con- 
tains .also  Auchinblae  village,  measures 
about  9£  miles  in  length  and  7  in  greatest 
breadth,  and  comprises  26,869  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £23,221.  Pop.  1992. 
The  surface  includes  part  of  the  How  of 
Mearns,  and  ascends  thence,  in  diversity 
of  hills  with  intersecting  vales,  to  a  water- 
shed of  the  Lower  Grampians.  The  chief 
seats  are  Fordoun  House,  Phesdo,  Mon- 
boddo,  and  Drunitochty ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  Kincardine  Castle  ruins, 
part  of  a  Roman  camp,  and  remains  of 
two  ancient  Caledonian  stone  circles.  For- 
doun was  the  residence  of  the  author  of 
the  Scoto-Chronicon,  and  the  birthplace  of 
the  Protestant  martyr  George  Wishart. 
Public  schools  are  at  Auchinblae  and 
Tipperty. 

FORDYCE,  village  and  parish  on  coast 
of  Banffshire.  The  village  stands  on  a 
burn  of  its  own  name,  3  miles  south-west 
of  Portsoy,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Banff,  Established  and  Free  churches,  and 
2  public  schools  with  about  164  scholars. 
Pop.  331. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
town  of  Portsoy,  and  the  villages  of  Sand- 
end  and  Newmills  ;  and  it  measures  about 
6  miles  along  the  coast  and  8  miles  inland, 
and  comprises  17,198  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £18,977.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
4289 ;  quoad  sacra,  1976.  The  coast  is  some- 
what bold,  rocky,  and .  cavernous,  but  in- 
cludes the  bays  of  Portsoy  and  Sandend. 
The  interior  presents  considerable  variety 
of  hill  and  dale,  and  has  summits  about 
700  and  1030  feet  high.  A  chief  seat  is 
Glassaugh,  and  chief  antiquities  are  Find- 
later  Castle  and  remains  of  a  Scandinavian 
camp.  Established,  Free,  United  Presby- 
terian, Episcopalian,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches  are  at  Portsoy.  10  schools  for 
889  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of 
them  and  enlargements  for  288  are  new. 

FOREBANK,  part  of  Hilltown  suburb 
of  Dundee. 

FOREHOLM,  small  island  in  Sandsting 
parish,  Shetland. 

FOREMAN,  wooded  lofty  hill,  with  ex- 
tensive view,  adjacent  to  the  Deveron,  on 
north-western  verge  of  Aberdeenshire. 

FORENESS,  peninsula  in  Sandsting  par- 
ish, Shetland. 

FORESTFIELD,  railway  station,  6  miles 
east  of  Airdrie,  Lanarkshire. 

FORESTMILL,  hamlet,  3|  miles  north- 
east of  Clackmannan,  Clackmannanshire. 
It  has  a  public  school  with  about  64 
scholars. 

FORFAR,  town  and  parish  in  central 
part  of  Forfarshire.  The  town  stands  32^ 
miles  north-east  of  Perth  ;  sprang  from  an 
ancient  royal  castle,  figuring  in  the  time  of 


Malcolm  Canmore,  and  demolished  in  1307  ; 
is  near  a  lake  about  a  mile  long,  with 
quondam  island,  now  a  peninsula,  be- 
lieved to  have  been  a  retreat  of  Malcolm 
Canmore's  queen  ;  ranks  now  as  the  capital 
of  Forfarshire,  and  as  a  royal  and  par- 
liamentary burgh  ;  unites  with  Arbroath, 
Brechin,  Montrose,  and  Bervie  in  sending 
a  member  to  Parliament ;  consists  of 
irregularly-aligned  streets,  with  many  good 
modern  houses  ;  carries  on  some  manufac- 
ture and  much  general  business ;  publishes 
a  weekly  newspaper  ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  6  banking  offices,  5  hotels,  county 
buildings  founded  in  1873,  court-houses  of 
1871,  a  handsome  town  hall,  a  public  hall 
of  1871,  a  steepled  parochial  church,  a 
quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  2  Free 
churches  (one  of  them  an  early  English 
edifice  of  1880),  United  Presbyterian,  Con- 
gregational, and  Baptist  churches,  a  costly 
elegant  Episcopalian  church  of  1881,  a 
burgh  academy,  4  public  schools,  a  female 
industrial  school,  a  free  library  of  1871,  an 
infirmary,  and  waterworks  projected  in 
1877  and  estimated  to  cost  £37,000.  Pop. 
of  the  burgh,  12,817. — The  parish  contains 
also  Carseburn  and  Lunanhead  villages, 
and  measures  5  miles  by  4 J.  Acres,  8353. 
Real  property  in  1880-81  of  burgh,  £34,861 ; 
of  landward  part,  £15,793.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  14,470;  quoad  sacra,  10,558.  The 
surface  is  part  of  Strathmore,  and  presents 
a  level  appearance,  but  is  diversified  by  num- 
erous rising-grounds  and  two  small  hills. 
The  only  mansion  is  Lower,  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  ruins  of  Restennet  Priory 
and  remains  of  two  Roman  camps.  8 
schools  for  2401  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  portions  of  them  for  967  are  new. 

FORFAR  (ST.  JAMES),  quoad  sacra  par- 
ish with  church  in  Forfar.    Pop.  3882. 

FORFARSHIRE,  or  ANGUS,  county, 
bordered  by  German  Ocean  from  North 
Esk  river  to  Firth  of  Tay.  Its  length  is 
38  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  36  miles ; 
its  coast-line  23  miles  on  the  ocean,  and 
12|  on  the  Tay ;  its  circuit  about  150 
miles ;  its  area  890  square  miles.  The 
coast  in  parts  between  Montrose  and 
Arbroath  is  rocky,  in  other  parts  is 
mostly  low.  The  interior  consists  of  four 
parallel  and  very  diverse  districts :  first,  a 
rich  champaign,  from  3  to  9  miles  broad, 
with  pleasant  diversity  of  surface  on  the 
east ;  next,  the  greater  portion  of  the  Sid- 
law  Hills,  from  3  to  6  miles  broad,  with 
intersecting  glens  and  hollows  ;  next,  the 
central  reach  of  Strathmore,  here  called 
the  How  of  Angus,  from  4  to  6  miles 
broad,  diversified  by  gentle  eminences ; 
next,  the  Benchinnan  Mountains,  from  9 
to  15  miles  broad,  rising  tier  behind  tier, 
with  intervening  glens  and  ravines,  to 
summits  of  the  Grampians  3180  and  3250 
feet  high.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  North 
Esk,  the  South  Esk,  and  the  Lunan, 
running  to  the  ocean ;  the  Dighty,  running 
to  Firth  of  Tay ;  and  the  Isla,  rising  on 


FOR 


184 


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north-west  border  of  Benchinnan  Moun- 
tains, tracing  western  boundary  of  How  of 
Angus,  and  departing  into  Perthshire ; 
and  all  of  them  together  are  worth  less  to 
the  county  than  the  Firth  of  Tay.  The 
rocks  have  much  interest  for  geologists, 
but,  except  in  pavement  nag,  have  very 
little  for  economists.  Agricultural  im- 
provement was  late  and  slow,  but  became 
vigorous  and  skilful.  Textile  manufacture, 
especially  in  coarse  linens,  is  very  promi- 
nent, and  gives  vast  employment  in  the 
chief  towns.  Commerce  also  is  flourishing, 
and  has  head  ports  at  Dundee,  Arbroath, 
and  Montrose.  The  towns  with  each  more 
than  10,000  inhabitants  are  Dundee, 
Arbroatb,  Montrose,  Forfar,  and  Lochee ; 
with  each  more  than  5000  are  Brechin  and 
Broughty  Ferry ;  with  each  more  than 
2000  are  Kirriemuir  and  Carnoustie ;  with 
each  more  than  1000  are  Ferry  den  and 
Friockheim  ;  and  the  villages  with  each 
more  than  300,  are  Letham,  Monifieth, 
Newtyle,  Edzell,  Auchmithie,  Glammis, 
Northmuir,  Hillside,  Craigo,  Claverhouse, 
and  Muirhead.  The  Caledonians,  the 
Romans,  the  Picts,  and  the  Anglo-Saxons 
figured  in  Forfarshire  in  a  similar  way  as 
in  other  counties  north  of  the  Forth,  and 
all  of  them  have  left  in  it  some  interesting 
antiquities.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£639,282.  Pop.  in  1871,  237,567 ;  in  1881, 
265,374. 

FORGAN,  parish,  containing  Newport 
post  town,  and  Woodhaven  and  Marytown 
villages,  on  north  coast  of  Fife,  opposite 
Dundee.  Its  coast  length  is  about  3J 
miles  ;  its  greatest  length  nearly  6  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  fully  2  miles  ;  its  area 
4983  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£26,027.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3308  ;  quoad 
sacra,  1533.  The  coast  is  mostly  bold  or 
rocky,  with  average  height  of  about  40 
feet.  The  interior  is  mostly  undulating, 
but  includes  several  vales  and  two  small 
hills,  and  presents  a  charming  appearance. 
The  seats  are  St.  Fort,  Tayfield,  and  numer- 
ous villas  ;  and  the  antiquities  are  several 
tumuli.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  Congregational ;  and  the  schools 
are  5,  with  accommodation  for  457  scholars. 

FORGANDENNY,  village  in  Perthshire, 
and  parish  partly  also  in  Kinross-shire. 
The  village  stands  4  miles  south-west  of 
Perth,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Bridge 
of  Earn,  a  railway  station,  an  Established 
church,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  86  scholars.  The  parish  con- 
tains also  Path  of  Condie  hamlet,  and 
measures  about  8  miles  by  3£.  Acres  in 
Perthshire,  7732  ;  in  Kinross-shire,  1214. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8263  and  £621. 
Pop.  617  and  10.  The  northern  sec- 
tion is  part  of  the  rich  valley  of  the  Earn, 
and  the  other  sections,  comprising  fully 
three-fourths  of  the  entire  surface,  are 
part  of  the  Ochil  Hills.  The  seats  are 
Freeland,  Rossie,  and  Condie  ;  and  the 
antiquities  are  remains  or  vestiges  of 
three  extensive  fortifications.     A  United 


Presbyterian  church  and  a  public  school 
are  at  Path  of  Condie. 

FORGE,  seat  in  Canonbie  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

FORGEBRAEHEAD,  village  in  Canonbie 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

FORGLEN,  parish  on  north-east  border 
of  Bantfshire,  adjacent  to  Turriff.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Turriff.  Its  length  is 
5^  miles ;  its  breadth  3|  miles  ;  its  area 
6249  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£5451.  Pop.  744.^  The  surface  slopes  to 
the  Deveron,  and  is  diversified  with  gentle 
rising-grounds.  The  mansions  are  For- 
glen  House  and  Carnousie, — the  former  a 
seat  of  Sir  Robert  J.  Abercromby,  Bart. ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  two  barrows  and 
remains  of  a  religious  house.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free  ;  and  the  schools 
are  a  new  one  and  an  enlarged  one  with 
accommodation  for  205  scholars. 

FORGUE,  parish,  with  church  hamlet 
7  miles  north-east  of  Huntly,  on  north 
border  of  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Huntly.  Its  length  is  about 
9  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about  6 
miles ;  its  area  17,354  aores.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £13,538.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  2422;  quoad  sacra,  1303.  The 
surface  includes  the  lofty,  wooded,  conical 
hill  of  Foreman,  and  is  elsewhere  a  pleas- 
ing assemblage  of  knolls,  vales,  and  mea- 
dows. The  seats  are  Frendraught, 
Cobairdy,  Haddo,  Corse,  Drumblair, 
Auchaber,  Templeland,  and  Boyne's-Mill ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  remains  of  Fren- 
draught Castle,  and  vestiges  of  a  Roman 
redoubt  and  ancient  Caledonian  stone 
circles.  The  churches  are  2  Established, 
a  Free,  and  an  Episcopalian, — one  of  the 
Established  at  Ythan- Wells ;  and  the 
schools,  exclusive  of  2  in  Ythan-Wells,  are 
3,  with  accommodation  for  276  scholars,  and 
1  of  them  and  a  class-room  for  130  are  new. 

FORMALL,  lofty  wooded  hill  overhang- 
ing Lintrathen  Loch,  on  west  border  of 
Forfarshire.  , 

FORMARTINE,  ancient  district,  of  280 
square  miles,  between  Buchan  and  Garioch, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  gives  the  title  of  vis- 
count to  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen. 

FORMARTINE  AND  BUCHAN  RAIL- 
WAY, amalgamated  part  of  Great  North 
of  Scotland  railway  system. 

FORNETH,  seat  on  Loch  Clunie,  and 
neighbouring  place  with  post  office  under 
Blairgowrie,  Perthshire. 

FORNIGHTY,  place  in  Ardclach  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

FORRES,  town  and  parish  in  north-west 
of  Elginshire.  The  town  stands  at  a  great 
junction  of  Highland  Railway,  amid  charm- 
ing environs,  24|  miles  east-north-east  of 
Inverness  ;  is  thought  to  occupy  the  site 
of  the  Roman  Varis,  and  is  near  the  famous 
ancient  sculptured  obelisk  called  Sweno's 
Stone  ;  was  made  a  royal  burgh  by  William 
the  Lion,  and  acquired  celebrity  through 
Shakespeare's  drama  of  Macbeth ;  is  now 
a  seat  of  sheriff  courts,  a  centre  of  con- 


FOR 


185 


FOR 


siderable  business,  and  a  resort  of  invalids  ; 
unites  with  Inverness,  Fortrose,  and  Nairn 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  pub- 
lishes a  weekly  newspaper,  and  another 
twice  a  week ;  consists  of  several  well- 
built  streets  ;  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  a  railway  station, 
4  banking  offices,  5  hotels,  a  large  new 
hydropathic  establishment,  a  very  fine 
market-cross,  a  handsome  spired  town  hall 
of  1839,  a  market  hall  of  1876,  conspicu- 
ous monuments  to  Lord  Nelson  and  Dr. 
Thompson,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  Congregational,  Baptist, 
and  Episcopalian  churches,  a  spired  free 
school,  2  public  schools,  a  museum,  and 
other  institutions.  Peal  property  in  1880- 
81,  £14,315.  Pop.  4030.— The  parish  is  4 
miles  long  and  2\  miles  broad,  and  com- 
prises 5440  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81  of  landward  part,  £7784.  Pop. 
4752.  Findhorn  river  traces  the  western 
boundary,  and  Forres  burn,  coming  in 
from  Rafford,  runs  through  the  interior 
to  Findhorn  estuary.  The  north-western 
district,  comprising  more  than  half  the 
land,  is  rich  alluvial  plain ;  the  central 
district  is  diversified  by  small  round  hills 
and  gentle  acclivities ;  and  the  south- 
eastern district  rises  to  considerable  ele- 
vation, and  is  mostly  reclaimed  moor  or 
moss.  The  chief  seats  are  Forres  House, 
Sanquhar,  Invererne,  and  Drumduan. 
Six  schools  for  1039  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  1  of  them  and  a  class-room 
for  460  are  new. 

FORSA,  rivulet  of  Mull  Island,  runningto 
Sound  of  Mull,  at  Pennygown,  Argyleshire. 

FORSE,  harbour,  inn,  mansion,  and 
ruined  feudal  fortalice,  in  Latheron 
parish,  Caithness. 

FORSINARD,  place,  with  railway  sta- 
tion, and  with  post  office  designated  of 
Sutherlandshire,  14|  miles  north  of  Kil- 
donan,  on  north-east  border  of  Sutherland. 

FORSS,  river,  running  about  16  miles 
northward  to  tbe  sea,  at  i\  miles  west  of 
Thurso,  Caithness.  Forss  House,  Forss 
Hill,  and  Forss  public  school,  with  about 
84  scholars,  are  near  its  mouth.  Forss 
post  office,  under  Thurso,  also  is  there. 

FORT-AUGUSTUS,  village  on  Caledonian 
Canal,  at  south-western  extremity  of  Loch 
Ness,  33J  miles  south-west  of  Inverness. 
It  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  designated  of  Inverness-shire, 
Established,  Free,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  and  a  public  school.  A  fort,  in 
front  of  it,  was  erected  in  1734,  suffered 
capture  by  the  rebels  in  1745,  became  head- 
quarters of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland  after 
the  battle  of  Culloden,  and  was  then  rebuilt 
and  strengthened ;  had  a  quadrangular 
construction,  bastioned  at  the  angles,  and 
protected  by  ditch,  covered  way,  and 
glacis  ;  contained  barracks  with  capacity 
for  300  soldiers ;  came  in  later  years  to 
be  used  as  a  military  sanatorium ;  was 
eventually  purchased  by  Lord  Lovat,  and 
given  by  him  in  1876  to  Benedictine  monks ; 


and  has  now,  within  its  old  bastions,  a 
grand  suite  of  Roman  Catholic  edifices, 
comprising  college,  monastery,  hospitium, 
and  church,  erected  at  a  cost  of  about 
£43,000,  and  opened  with  great  ceremony 
in  August  1880.    Pop.  470. 

FORT-CHARLOTTE,  small  citadel  adja- 
cent to  Lerwick,  in  Shetland.  It  was  con- 
structed by  Cromwell,  reconstructed  by 
Charles  II.,  demolished  in  1673,  rebuilt  in 
1781,  and  has  12  guns. 

FORTEVIOT,  village  and  parish  in  south- 
east of  Perthshire.  The  village  stands  on 
May  rivulet,  7  miles  south-west  of  Perth, 
has  a  post  office  under  Perth,  a  railway 
station,  a  parochial  church,  and  a  public 
school,  and  adjoins  the  site  of  an  ancient 
town  of  its  own  name,  one  of  the  capitals 
of  Pictavia,  with  royal  palace,  occupied  by 
Kenneth  II.,  Duncan,  Macbeth,  and  Mal- 
colm Canmore. — The  parish  consists  of 
three  separate  sections,  considerably  dis- 
tant from  one  another,  and  comprises  7785 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8283. 
Pop.  618.  The  surface  includes  part 
of  the  valley  of  the  Earn  and  part  of  the 
Ochil  Hills.  Chief  features  are  Invermay 
House  and  the  glen  and  falls  of  the  May. 
A  public  school  has  accommodation  for 
105  scholars. 

FORT-GEORGE,  royal  fortress,  1|  mile 
north-west  of  Fort-George  station,  and  11 
north-east  of  Inverness.  It  stands  on  a 
peninsula,  at  contraction  between  Outer 
and  Inner  Moray  Firth  ;  was  erected  soon 
after  the  battle  of  Culloden,  at  a  cost  of 
more  than  £160,000  ;  has  a  polygonal  out- 
line, with  6  bastions  and  bomb-proof  ram- 
parts ;  covers  about  12  acres,  and  contains 
accommodation  for  nearly  2000  men  ;  com- 
mands the  sea-way  up  to  Inverness,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Inverness-shire. 

FORT-GEORGE  STATION,  railway  sta- 
tion, 9^  miles  north-east  of  Inverness.  It 
has  a  head  post  office  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  department. 

FORTH,  village  in  Carnwath  parish, 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Lanark,  an  Established  church,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  193 
scholars.    Pop.  747. 

FORTH,  river  and  firth,  from  Benlomond 
eastward  to  the  German  Ocean.  The  river 
is  formed  by  two  head-streams  in  Aber- 
foyle  parish  ;  goes  thence,  in  many  curves 
and  folds,  to  Stirling  ;  proceeds,  in  serpen- 
tine windings,  called  Links  of  Forth,  to 
Alloa  ;  and,  measured  in  straight  line  from 
its  source,  has  a  total  length  of  only  31 
miles,  but  measured  along  its  bed  has  a 
length  of  probably  not  much  less  than  90 
miles.  The  firth  makes  slow  expansion 
for  6  miles  ;  has  a  mean  width  of  1\  miles 
over  the  next  10  miles  ;  contracts  then  at 
Queensferry  to  about  1  mile  ;  expands  then 
to  a  much  greater  width  than  before  ;  and 
proceeds,  with  varying  width,  over  30 
|  miles,  to  a  terminal  width  of  11  miles  at 


FOR 


186 


FOS 


exit  to  the  German  Ocean  between  Fife 
and  East  Lothian.  Much  of  the  river's 
valley  is  carse  land;  and  most  of  the 
firth's  flanks  are  diversified  and  picturesque,  j 

FORTH  AND  CLYDE  CANAL,  artificial  j 
navigable  water-way  for  sea-borne  vessels 
from  the  Forth  at  Grangemouth  to  the 
Clyde  at  Bowling  Bay.  It  measures  35 
miles  in  length,  and  has  a  branch  of  2f 
miles  to  Glasgow  ;  it  traverses  a  strath  on 
nearly  the  line  of  the  quondam  Antoninus' 
"Wall;  it  ascends  by  locks  to  a  summit- 
level  of  141  feet ;  it  was  formed  in  1768-90 
at  a  cost  of  £330,000;  it  has  undergone 
improvements  at  different  times  with  great 
expense ;  and,  in  1867,  it  became  the  pro- 
perty of  the  Caledonian  Railway  Company. 

FORTH  AND  CLYDE  RAILWAY,  rail- 
way, 30  miles  long,  from  junction  at  Stir- 
ling to  junction  near  Balloch,  in  Dumbar- 
tonshire. It  was  opened  in  1856 ;  it  cost 
£262,416  till  1870 ;  and  it  yielded  dividends 
of  5,  6,  and  7  per  cent,  in  1879. 

FORTHAR,  lime-works  in  Kettle  parish, 
Fife. 

FORTH  BRIDGE,  projected  stupendous 
railway  viaduct  across  Firth  of  Forth, 
from  South  Queensferry  to  North  Queens- 
ferry.  It  was  designed  in  1872,  re- 
designed in  1878,  slightly  commenced  in 
March  1880,  relinquished  before  the  close 
of  that  year,  and  re-projected  at  estimated 
cost  of  £1,388,000  in  June  1881. 

FORTH  BRIDGE,  massive  stone  and  iron 
structure,  about  one-third  of  mile  long, 
and  with  central  double  swing,  on  the 
Forth  at  Alloa.  It  was  founded  in  early 
part  of  1882,  and  estimated  to  cost  between 
£40,000  and  £50,000. 

FORT-HILL,  small  detached  portion  of 
Dun  parish,  Forfarshire. 

FORT-HILL,  eminence,  with  quondam 
fort,  ad  j  acenttoBroughtyFerry,  Forfarshire. 

FORTH  IRON-WORKS.    See  Oaklet. 

FORTHY,  affluent  of  the  Bervie,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

FORTINGAL,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
west of  Perthshire.  The  village  stands  in 
a  sequestered  mountain  vale  on  lower  part 
of  Lyon  river,  about  10  miles  west  of 
Aberfeldy,  and.  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberfeldy,  an  inn,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
170  scholars.  The  vale  measures  about  6 
miles  by  fully  ^  mile  ;  is  accessible  only  by 
narrow  passes  through  closely  engirdling 
mountains ;  and  contains,  adjacent  to  the 
village,  remains  of  a  Roman  camp,  and 
remains  of  a  famous  large  old  yew  tree. — 
The  parish  is  25  miles  long  and  24  miles 
broad,  and  comprises  196,683  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £22,033.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1690  ;  quoad  sacra,  616.  The 
surface  lies  wholly  among  the  Gram- 
pians ;  consists  entirely  of  lofty  mountains, 
with  intersecting  glens,  lakes,  and  streams ; 
includes  the  districts  of  Rannoch  and 
Glenlyon ;  and  abounds  with  memories  and 
monuments  of  the  feudal  times.  Chief 
seats  are  Glenlyon  House,  Garth,  Megger- 


nie,  and  Chesthill.  Established  churches 
are  at  Innerwick,  Kinloch-Rannoch,  and 
Finnart,  and  a  Free  church  is  in  Glenlyon  ; 
and  public  schools  are  at  Cambusvrachen, 
Meggernie,  Pubill,  and  Kinloch-Rannoch. 

FORT-MATILDA,  small  modern  fortifi- 
cation on  low  headland,  midway  between 
Greenock  and  Gourock,  Renfrewshire. 

FORTROSE,  town,  comprising  Chanonry 
and  Rosemarkie,  on  north-west  coast  of 
Moray  Firth,  nearly  opposite  Fort-George, 
and  10^  miles  north-north-east  of  Inver- 
ness. It  ranks  as  a  seaport,  a  sea-bathing 
resort,  and  a  royal  burgh;  unites  with 
Inverness,  Forres,  and  Nairn  in  sending  a 
member  to  Parliament ;  has  a  post  office, 
with  all  departments,  under  Inverness, 
a  banking  office,  a  hotel,  2  Established 
churches,  Free,  Baptist,  and  Episcopalian 
churches,  an  academy,  3  public  schools, 
and  a  mechanics'  institution,  and  was 
designed  in  1881  to  acquire  a  greatly 
improved  harbour  and  a  handsome  volun- 
teers' hall.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£3408.    Pop.  869. 

FORTUNE  (EAST  and  WEST),  estates  in 
Athelstaneford  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 
See  East  Foktune. 

FORT- WILLIAM,  town  on  Loch  Eil,  at 
foot  of  Ben-Nevis,  65J  miles  south-west  of 
Inverness.  It  consists  of  two  streets  and  a 
quondam  fort ;  is  a  seat  of  sheriff  courts, 
and  a  tourists'  centre ;  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  3  bank- 
ing offices,  several  hotels,  Established, 
Free,  Episcopalian,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
131  scholars.  The  fort  was  erected  by 
General  Monk,  and  rebuilt  in  the  time  of 
William  in. ;  resisted  sieges  by  the  rebels 
in  1715  and  1745;  had  quarters  for  200 
men ;  and  is  now  private  property.  The 
Episcopalian  church  was  erected  in  1880-81, 
and  is  in  early  decorated  Gothic  style. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  1565. 

FORVIE,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Slains,  in  Aberdeenshire. 

FOSS,  quoad  sacra  parish,  on  south 
side  of  Tummel  river,  toward  head  of 
Tummel  loch,  Perthshire.  It  was  consti- 
tuted in  1845 ;  it  contains  a  mansion  of 
its  own  name ;  and  its  post  town  is 
Pitlochrie.    Pop.  226. 

FOSSAWAY,  parish,  chiefly  in  Perth- 
shire, and  partly  in  Kinross-shire.  It 
contains  the  villages  of  Blairingone,  Crook- 
of-Devon,  and  Gartwhinean,  and  has  a 
post  office  of  its  own  name  under  Kinross. 
It  measures  about  11  miles  in  length,  and 
10  miles  in  greatest  breadth,  and  comprises 
10,429  acres  in  Perthshire,  and  6904  in 
Kinross-shire.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£8859  and  £6746.  Pop.  772  and  495. 
The  surface  is  mainly  a  portion  of  the 
Ochil  Hill3,  from  watershed  to  foot,  and 
partly  a  low  tract  thence  toward  Cleish 
Hills.  Chief  seats  are  Devonshaw  and 
Tulliebole,  and  the  chief  antiquities  are 
Aldie  and  Tulliebole  Castles.  The  churches 
are  2  Established  and  1  Free,  one  of  the 


FOT 


187 


FRA 


former  at  Blairingone ;  and  the  schools  are 
3,  with  accommodation  for  395  scholars. 

FOTHERINGHAM,  seat  in  Inverarity 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

FOUDLAND,  bleak,  moorish,  lofty  up- 
land tract,  in  Forgue,  Insch,  and  Cul- 
salmond  parishes,  Aberdeenshire.  Its 
summit  is  1529  feet  high.  Excellent  roof- 
ing-slate quarries  are  on  its  Insch  part. 

FOULA,  island,  16  miles  west-south-west 
of  mainland  coast  of  Walls  parish,  Shet- 
land. It  measures  about  3  miles  by  1^ ;  rises 
from  the  sea  in  lofty  cliffs,  swarming  with 
sea-fowl ;  consists  of  5  conical  hills,  with 
extreme  altitude  of  about  1300  feet ;  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick,  and  a 
house  serving  as  church  and  school-house. 
Pop.  267. 

FOULDEN,  village  and  parish  in  east  of 
Merse,  Berwickshire.  The  village  stands 
3J  miles  east  of  Chirnside,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Berwick,  a  parochial  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  63  scholars. 
The  parish  measures  about  2\  miles  each 
way,  and  comprises  3278  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £6541.  Pop.  393. 
The  surface  rises  gently  northward  from 
the  Whitadder,  and  has  a  hill-ridge  about 
550  feet  high  on  its  northern  border.  The 
seats  are  Foulden  House  and  Nunlands. 

FOULIS,  seat  of  Sir  Charles  Munro, 
Bart.,  in  Urquhart  parish,  Ross-shire. 

FOULSHIELS,  birthplace  of  Mungo  Park, 
on  Yarrow  river,  3|  miles  west -by-north  of 
Selkirk. 

FOUNTAINBLEAU,  place,  with  medicinal 
spring,  near  Dumfries. 

FOUNTAINBRIDGE,  western  suburb  of 
Edinburgh. 

FOUNTAINHALL,  hamlet,  4  miles  north- 
north-westof  Stow, Edinburghshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Stow,  a  railway  station, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  107  scholars. 

FOUNTAINHALL,  a  seat  of  Sir  Thomas 
N.  D.  Lauder,  Bart.,  in  Pencaitland  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

FOURMERKLAND,  old  tower  in  Holy- 
wood  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

FOURMILEHILL,  hamlet  in  Corstorphine 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

FOURTOWNS,  village  group,  comprising 
Hightae,  Greenhill,  Heck,  and  Smallholm, 
in  Lochmaben  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

FOVERAN,  parish,  containing  the  post 
office  village  of  Newburgh,  on  east  coast  of 
Aberdeenshire.  It  measures  about  7  miles 
by  3,  and  comprises  10,537  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £13,167.  Pop.  2042. 
The  surface  looks  to  be  level,  but  really 
rises  gradually  from  the  sea.  The  seats  are 
Foveran  House,  Tillery,  and  Ythan  Lodge ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  ruins  of  two  castles 
and  an  old  chapel.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free.  There  are  3  schools 
for  392  scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  a 
class-room  for  124  are  new. 

FOWLA.    See  FoULA. 

FOWLIS,  village,  5  miles  north-east  of 
Crieff,  Perthshire.  It  dates  from  ancient 
times,  was  the  seat  of  the  courts  of  the 


Earls  of  Strathearn,  retains  a  curiously 
sculptured  ancient  cross,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Crieff,  a  parochial  church,  and 
a  public  school. 

FOWLIS,  village  on  east  verge  of  Perth- 
shire, 6  miles  north-west  of  Dundee.  It  has 
a  fine  Saxon  church  of  12th  century,  re- 
paired in  1842,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  118  scholars. 

FOWLIS,  railway  station,  4£  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Dingwall,  Ross-shire.  See 
also  Foulis. 

FOWLIS  -  EASTER,  parish,  containing 
Fowlis  village,  on  east  verge  of  Perth- 
shire. It  measures  4£  by  3f  miles,  and 
comprises  2824  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £3699.  Pop.  311.  The  surface 
includes  Blacklaw  Hill,  and  elsewhere 
slopes  gently  to  the  south.  The  ministerial 
charge  is  a  joint  one  with  Lundie. 

FOWLIS  MOWAT,  estate  in  Leochel 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

FOWLIS  -  WESTER,  parish  containing 
Fowlis  village,  5  miles  north-east  of  Crieff, 
and  the  villages  or  hamlets  of  Gilmerton, 
Balgowan,  and  Buchanty.  It  measures  6y 
by  4^  miles,  and  comprises  22,803  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £15,651.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1112 ;  quoad  sacra,  771. 
The  surface  is  intersected  by  two  mountain 
ranges,  includes  part  of  the  Grampians  on 
the  north,  and  is  greatly  diversified  by 
rugged  hills  on  the  south.  A  striking 
feature  is  part  of  Glenalmond.  Chief 
seats  are  Abercairney  and  Cultoquhey ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  a  cromlech,  a 
double  concentric  Caledonian  stone  circle, 
and  the  moundish  site  of  the  castle  of  the 
Earls  of  Strathearn.  Parts  are  included 
quoad  sacra  in  Monzie  and  Logiealmond. 
There  are  3  schools  with  accommodation 
for  239  scholars. 

FOWLSHEUGH,  lofty  sea-cliff,  swarming 
with  sea-fowl,  in  Dunnottar  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

FOXHALL,  seat  adjacent  to  Kirkliston, 
Linlithgowshire. 

FOXLEY,  village  in  Old  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

FOXTON,  seat  in  Cupar  parish,  Fife. 

FOYERS,  mountain  rivulet,  running 
about  14  miles  north-north-westward  to 
Loch  Ness,  at  19  miles  south-west  of 
Inverness.  It  traverses  a  wild  high  glen, 
and  makes,  in  its  lowmost  reach,  two 
grand  famous  leaps  of  40  and  90  feet. 
Foyers  House  adjoins  it  near  its  mouth. 

FRANKFIELD,  small  lake  in  north- 
eastern outskirt  of  Glasgow. 

FRAOCH,  islet,  with  ruined  strong 
fortalice,  in  Loch  Awe,  near  Kilchurn 
Castle,  Argyleshire. 

FRAOCHY,  lake,  about  2\  miles  long,  in 
Glenquoich,  Perthshire. 

FRASERBURGH,  town  and  parish  in 
north-east  extremity  of  Aberdeenshire. 
The  town  stands  on  small  bay  adjacent 
to  Kinnaird  Head,  47£  miles  north-by-east 
of  Aberdeen ;  was  founded  in  early  part 
of  16th  century ;  is  a  seaport,  the  head  of 


FRA 


188 


FUL 


a  fishery  district,  and  a  seat  of  consider- 
able provincial  trade ;  has  an  artificial 
harbour,  formed  in  the  time  of  war  with 
France,  at  a  cost  of  about  £50,000,  and 
designed  in  1881  to  be  improved  at  a  cost 
of  about  £30,000  ;  had  a  harbour  income 
in  1880  of  £10,186  ;  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  a  terminal  railway 
station,  4  banking  offices,  and  2  hotels  ; 
consists  of  well-built,  spacious  streets, 
crossing  one  another  at  right  angles,  and 
drained  by  works  commenced  in  1876 ; 
and  contains  a  fine  old  hexagonal  cross,  a 
handsome  dome-capped  town  hall  of  1855, 
a  spired  spacious  parochial  church  of  1802, 
a  large  quoad  sacra  parochial  church  of 
1876,  a  Free  church,  erected  at  a  cost  of 
£6200  in  1880,  United  Presbyterian,  Con- 
gregational, Evangelical  Union,  Baptist, 
and  Episcopalian  churches,  an  academy, 
2  public  schools,  2  other  schools,  a  public 
library,  and  an  hospital  of  1878.  Pop. 
6529. — The  parish  contains  also  Broadsea 
village,  includes  a  district  detached  1§ 
mile  from  the  main  body,  measures  from 
end  to  end  about  8  miles  by  3|,  and  com- 
prises 8367  acres.  Beal  property  in 
1880-81,  £34,692.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
7596  ;  quoad  sacra,  3238.  The  surface 
includes  Kinnaird  Head  in  extreme  north, 
and  part  of  Mormond  Hill  in  extreme 
south,  but  is  elsewhere  nearly  flat,  with 
only  gradual  ascent  from  the  coast.  The 
public  schools  were  designed  in  1877  to  have 
enlargements  for  200  additional  scholars. 

FRASERBURGH  (WEST),  quoad  sacra  par- 
ish with  church  in  Fraserburgh.  Pop.  4304. 

FREASGAIL,  caves  on  west  side  of 
Whitenhead,  in  Sutherland. 

FREBBAY,  section  of  Westray  Island, 
Orkney. 

FREEBURN,  place,  with  inn  and  fairs, 
15£  miles  south-east  of  Inverness. 

FREEFIELD,  seat  in  Bayne  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

FREELAND,  seat  in  Forgandenny 
parish,  Perthshire. 

FRENCHLAND,  old  domestic  tower  in 
Moffat  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

FRENDRAUGHT,  or  FRENNET,  mansion 
and  remains  of  song-celebrated  old  castle, 
in  Forgue  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

FRESGO,  small  headland  near  north- 
west extremity  of  Caithness. 

FRESWICK,  bay,  headland,  mansion, 
and  village,  3  miles  south  of  John-o'- 
Groats,  Caithness.    Pop.  of  village,  402. 

FREUCHIE,  town  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  west  of  Fife.  The  town  stands  2  miles 
east-by-south  of  Falkland,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Ladybank,  an  Established 
church  of  1876,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  275 
scholars.  Pop.  of  the  town,  1059  ;  of  the 
quoad  sacra  parish,  1117. 

FREW,  ford,  bridge,  and  site  of  small 
ancient  fortress  on  the  Forth,  8  miles  west 
of  Stirling. 

FRIARDYKES,  quondam  monastery  in 
Stenton  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 


FRIARKIRK,  mineral  spring  in  Ballan- 
trae  parish,  Ayrshire. 

FRIAR'S  BRAE,  site  of  ancient  friary  in 
Linlithgow. 

FRIAR'S  CARSE,  mansion  on  site  of 
ancient  monastery,  adjacent  to  the 
Nith,  6|-  miles  north-north-west  of  Dum- 
fries. 

FRIAR'S  CROFT,  site  of  ancient  friary 
in  Dunbar,  Haddingtonshire. 

FRIAR'S  DUBBS,  site  of  ancient  mon- 
astery in  Bervie  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

FRIAR'S  GLEN,  secluded  glen,  with 
foundations  of  small  ancient  priory,  in 
Fordoun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

FRIARTON,  village  in  East  Church 
parish,  Perth. 

FRIELHOUSE,  islet  in  Morvern  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

FRIOCKHEIM,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Forfarshire.  The  town  stands 
6tj  miles  west-north-west  of  Arbroath,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  For- 
farshire, a  railway  station,  Established, 
Free,  and  Evangelical  Union  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  140  scholars. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  1098 ;  of  the  quoad 
sacra  parish,  1501. 

FRISKY  HALL,  hotel  at  Bowling  Bay, 
Dumbartonshire. 

FRISO,  lake  in  north-west  of  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

FROBOST,  place  on  south-west  coast  of 
South  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

FROGDEN,  farm,  with  old  trysting-place 
for  Border  forays,  in  Linton  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

FROSTLY,  small  affluent  of  upper  part 
of  the  Teviot,  Koxburghshire. 

FROTOFT,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Rousay  parish,  Orkney. 

FRUID,  affluent  of  the  Tweed,  in  Tweeds- 
muir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

FRUIN,  rivulet,  running  about  9  miles 
to  west  side  of  Loch  Lomond,  at  about  7£ 
miles  north-north- west  of  Dumbarton. 

FUDA,  small  island,  2^  miles  north  of 
Barra,  Outer  Hebrides. 

FUGLOE,  skerry  in  western  vicinity 
of  Papa-Stour  Island,  Shetland. 

FUINAFORT,  place  in  south-west  of 
Mull  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Oban. 

FUIR,  lake,  4£  miles  east  of  Poolewe, 
Ross-shire. 

FUIRDSTONE,  ancient  parish,  now  called 
Careston,  in  Forfarshire. 

FULBAR,  estate  in  Abbey-Paisley  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

FULLARTON,  suburb  of  Irvine,  Ayr- 
shire. It  is  'separated  by  only  Irvine 
river ;  it  communicates  with  Irvine  town 
by  a  handsome  bridge,  and  forms  part  of 
Irvine  burgh ;  and  it  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under 
Irvine,  an  Established  church,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school.  Pop.  3990. 
Fullarton  House,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Portland,  is  in  the  vicinity. 


FUL 


189 


GAI 


FULLARTON,  suburb  or  section  of  Toll- 
cross  town,  Lanarkshire. 

FULTON,  vestige  of  ancient  Border 
peel,  with  site  of  quondam  village,  4 
miles  south-west  of  Jedburgh,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

FUNGARTH,  rising  ground,  with  strik- 
ing view,  adjacent  to  Dunkeld,  Perthshire. 

FUNTACK,  small  affluent  of  the  Find- 
horn,  in  Moy  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

FUNZIE,  bay,  with  fishing-station,  in 
Fetlar  Island,  Shetland. 

FURNACE,  village  on  Loch  Long,  8 
miles  south-west  of  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Argyle- 
shire, and  is  near  a  gunpowder  manufactory 
and  a  granite  quarry. 

FUSHIEBRIDGE,  hamlet,  13  miles  south- 
east of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  railway  station 
and  an  inn. 

FUTTIE.    See  Footdee. 

FYNE,  stream  and  sea-loch  in  Argyle- 
shire. The  stream  rises  among  lofty 
mountains  near  meeting-point  with  Perth- 
shire and  Dumbartonshire,  and  runs  about 
7  miles  south-westward  to  the  loch's  head. 
The  loch  first  goes  24  miles  south-westward, 
with  maximum  width  of  2  miles;  then, 
while  sending  off  Loch  Gilp  to  the  north- 
west, proceeds  16  miles  south-south-east- 
ward, with  width  of  Trom  3  to  5f  miles; 
and  then  is  lost  in  Firth  of  Clyde,  oppo- 
site north  end  of  Arran.  Its  banks  and 
flanks  are  very  diversified,  but  aggregately 
picturesque;  and  its  waters  are  famous 
for  prime  herring. 

FYRISH,  hill,  1478  feet  high,  crowned 
by  artificial  rude  resemblance  of  an  arti- 
ficial temple,  adjacent  to  Aultgrande  burn, 
in  Alness  parish,  Ross-shire. 

FYVIE,  parish,  averagely  1\  miles  north- 
north- west  of  Old  Meldrum,  Aberdeenshire. 
It  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  Aber- 
deenshire, and  a  railway  station.  Its  length 
is  13  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth,  8  miles ; 
its  area,  29,586  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £23,336.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
4403  ;  quoad  sacra,  3235.  The  Ythan  cuts 
the  parish  into  two  nearly  equal  parts.  The 
land  is  uneven,  is  much  diversified  with 
height  and  vale,  and  includes  much  wood, 
heath,  and  moss.  Fyvie  Castle  was  visited 
by  Edward  L  of  England,  figured  in  the 
career  of  the  Marquis  of  Montrose,  and  is 
a  large  Gothic  edifice  still  inhabited. 
Other  interesting  objects  are  Rothie  man- 
sion, Gight  ruined  castle,  traces  of  an 
ancient  priory,  and  the  grave  of  'Tiftie's 
Bonnie  Annie.'  The  churches  are  2  Es- 
tablished, 1  Free,  and  2  Episcopalian. 
There  are  8  schools  for  801  scholars,  and  2 
of  them  and  enlargements  for  364  are  new. 


GAAF,  affluent  of  the  Garnock,  in  Cun- 
ningham district,  Ayrshire. 

GAASKER,  islet,  swarming  with  sea- 
fowl,  12  miles  north-west  of  Taransay, 
Outer  Hebrides. 


GADGIRTH,  hamlet  in  Coylton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

GADIE,  rivulet,  running  12  miles  east- 
ward to  the  Ury,  near  that  river's  conflux 
with  the  Don,  Aberdeenshire.  It  is  sung 
in  a  famous  old  ballad. 

GAICK,  wild,  romantic,  alpine  tract  in 
Kingussie  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

GAIR,  place,  with  public  school,  in  Kirk- 
patrick-Fleming  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

GAIR-BRIDGE.    See  Guard-Bridge. 

GAIRDEN,  or  GAIRN,  small  river, 
running  about  20  miles  eastward  and 
south-eastward  to  the  Dee,  at  Lj>  mile 
above  Ballater,  Aberdeenshire. 

GAIRIE,  rivulet,  running  curvingly  to 
right  side  of  the  Dean,  at  3  miles  west 
of  Forfar. 

GAIRLOCH,  sea-loch,  hamlet,  and  parish 
on  west  coast  of  Ross-shire.  The  loch 
penetrates  4  miles  eastward,  and  is  about 
2  miles  wide.  The  hamlet  lies  at  the 
loch's  head,  5  miles  south-south-west  of 
Poole  we,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Ross-shire,  an  inn,  a  parochial 
church  with  500  sittings,  and  a  Free 
church,  rebuilt  since  1876. — The  parish 
contains  also  Poole  we  village,  and  Ewe 
and  Horisdale  islands,  and  measures  about 
40  miles  by  30.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,700.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  4479 ;  quoad 
sacra,  2158.  The  coast  extends  from  Loch 
Greinord  to  Loch  Torridon,  is  deeply  cut 
by  Loch  Ewe,  measures  along  its  curva- 
tures about  90  miles,  and,  excepting  on 
its  lochs,  is  all  bold  and  rocky.  The 
interior  is  mountainous,  includes  several 
alpine  ranges  and  summits,  abounds  in 
small  lakes  and  rapid  burns,  embraces 
the  magnificent  Loch  Maree,  contains  5000 
acres  of  wood,  and  presents  a  great  aggre- 
gate of  picturesque  scenery.  A  chief 
residence  is  Sir  Kenneth  Mackenzie's  seat 
of  Flowerdale.  Established  and  Free 
churches  are  at  Poolewe.  There  are  11 
schools  for  843  scholars,  and  8  of  them  for 
631  are  new. 

GAIRLOCH,  Dumbartonshire.  See  Gare- 

LOCH. 

GAIRN.  See  Gairden  and  Bridge  of 
Gairn. 

GAIRNEY,  affluent  of  the  Tanner  in 
Glentanner,  Aberdeenshire. 

GAIRNEY,  rivulet,  running  9  miles  east- 
ward to  Loch  Leven,  at  2  miles  south-east 
of  Kinross. 

GAIRNEY-BRIDGE,  hamlet  on  Gairney 
rivulet,  2  miles  south-south-east  of  Kinross. 

GAIRNEY  (WEST),  burn,  running  west- 
ward to  the  Devon,  near  Crook  of  Devon, 
Kinross-shire. 

GAIRNSIDE,  place,  with  Roman  Catholic 
chapel,  in  Glenmuick parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GAIRSAY,  island,  about  2  miles  long,  in 
Evie  and  Rendall  parish,  Orkney.   Pop.  37. 

GAIT,  lake  in  Galston  parish,  Ayrshire. 

GAITNIP,  place,  with  cavernous  crags, 
on  east  side  near  head  of  Scalpa  Flow, 
Orkney. 


GAL 


190 


GAL 


GALA,  river,  rising  on  Moorfoot  Hills, 
in  Edinburghshire,  and  running  about  20 
miles  south-south-eastward,  along  a  wind- 
ing vale,  to  the  Tweed,  at  2  miles  west  of 
Melrose,  in  Roxburghshire.  Gala  House 
stands  adjacent  to  it  in  southern  vicinity 
of  Galashiels. 

GALASHIELS,  town  and  parish  in  Sel- 
kirkshire and  Roxburghshire.  The  town 
stands  on  Gala  river,  32  miles  south-south- 
east of  Edinburgh  ;  was  developed  in  latter 
part  of  last  century  from  an  ancient  village ; 
became  a  town,  and  rapidly  prospered,  in 
connection  with  skilful  manufacture  of 
tweeds  and  tartans ;  is  now  a  parliamentary 
burgh,  uniting  with  Hawick  and  Selkirk 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  com- 
prises compact  centre  and  straggling  ex- 
tremities ;  extends  between  flanking  hills 
to  a  length  of  about  2  miles ;  publishes  a 
weekly  newspaper;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  5  banking  offices,  2  chief  hotels, 
numerous  large  factories,  a  corn  exchange 
of  1860,  a  commodious  bridge  of  1878, 
waterworks  of  1877  and  later  years  at  a 
cost  of  £40,000,  a  large  public  hall,  volun- 
teer, masonic,  and  good  templar  halls, 
an  Established  church  of  1881  at  a  cost 
of  about  £13,000,  2  other  Established 
churches,  2  Free  churches,  1  of  them  of 
1875  at  a  cost  of  about  £5000,  3  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  2  of  them  since 
1879  at  much  cost,  Evangelical  Union  and 
Baptist  churches,  ornamental  Episcopalian 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  3  large 
public  schools,  and  a  free  public  library. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £56,605.  Pop. 
in  1833,  2209 ;  in  1881, 12,435.— The  parish 
measures  6  miles  by  4,  and  comprises  5625 
acres  in  Selkirkshire  and  2815  in  Roxburgh- 
shire. Real  property  of  landward  parts  in 
1880-81,  £4815  and  £3197.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  9742;  quoad  sacra,  6347.  The 
Gala  traces  the  north-eastern  boundary, 
and  the  Tweed  runs  between  the  Selkirk- 
shire and  Roxburghshire  sections.  The 
surface  includes  vales  on  the  rivers,  is 
elsewhere  hilly,  and  culminates  on  Meigle 
Hill  at  an  altitude  of  1480  feet  above  sea- 
level.  The  seats  are  Gala  House  and  Fal- 
donside  ;  and  the  antiquities  are  two  camps 
and  traces  of  a  Roman  road.  There  are  9 
schools  for  1856  scholars,  and  2  of  them 
for  530  are  new. 

GALASHIELS  AND  PEEBLES  RAILWAY, 
branch  railway  from  North  British  main 
line  at  1£  mile  north-west  of  Galashiels, 
18|  miles  westward  to  Peebles.  It  was 
formed  subsequent  to  1861,  and  belongs 
to  the  North  British  system. 

GALASHIELS  (WEST),  quoad  sacra  parish 
with  church  in  Galashiels.    Pop.  3252. 

GALCANTRAY,  place  in  Croy  parish, 
Inverness-shire.  It  had  anciently  a  chapel, 
and  has  now  a  public  school. 

GALDRY,  village,  3f  miles  south-west 
of  Newport,  Fife. 

GALLABERRY,  eminence,  with  Roman 
fort,  in  Dryfesdale  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 


GALLALA,  rising  ground,  once  a  place 
of  capital  punishment,  in  Oxnam  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

GALLAN,  promontory  between  Loch 
Roag  and  Loch  Reasort,  on  south-west 
coast  of  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

GALLANGAD,  glen,  with  fine  cascade, 
in  Kilmaronock  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

GALLARY,  seat  in  Logiepert  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

GALLATOWN,  northern  suburb  of  Kirk- 
caldy, Fife.  It  extends  northward  from 
Sinclairtown,  and  has  a  Free  church,  and 
2  public  schools  with  about  140  scholars. 

GALLOW,  hill  in  Westray  Island, 
Orkney. 

GALLOWAY,  district,  now  comprehend- 
ing Wigtonshire  and  Kirkcudbrightshire, 
but  formerly  including  also  parts  of  Ayr- 
shire and  Dumfriesshire.  It  gives  the 
title  of  earl  to  a  branch  of  the  family  of 
Stewart.  Galloway  House,  the  Earl's 
chief  seat,  stands  about  a  mile  south- 
south-east  of  Garlieston,  and  is  a  large 
edifice  of  last  century. 

GALLOWAY  (MULL  OF),  promontory  at 
south-western  extremity  of  Scotland.  It 
terminates  the  Rhinns  of  Galloway ;  is  1£ 
mile  long,  1£  mile  broad,  and  575  feet 
high;  and  has  a  precipitous  cavernous 
front,  crowned  by  a  lighthouse,  with  in- 
termittent light  visible  at  the  distance  of 
23  nautical  miles. 

GALLOWAY  (NEW),  village  on  Ken 
river,  4|  miles  north-by-west  of  a  railway 
station  of  its  own  name,  and  19  miles 
north  of  Kirkcudbright.  It  ranks  as  a 
royal  burgh,  unites  with  "Wigton,  Stran- 
raer, and  Whithorn  in  sending  a  member 
to  Parliament,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Kirkcudbrightshire,  a  bank- 
ing office,  2  hotels,  a  court-house,  a  five- 
arched  bridge,  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  103  scholars. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £1048.  Pop.  422. 

GALLOWAY  (RHINNS  OF),  western  divi- 
sion of  Wigtonshire.  It  comprises  the 
peninsula  west  of  Loch  Ryan,  the  peninsula 
west  of  Luce  Bay,  and  the  intermediate 
tract. 

GALLOWBANK,  elevated  bank  on  Annan 
river,  in  Annan  parish,  Dumfriesshire.  It 
was  formerly  a  place  of  capital  punishment, 
and  it  has  an  excellent  sandstone  quarry. 

GALLOWBANK,  brae  on  Garvock  Hill, 
in  Garvock  parish,  Kincardineshire.  It  was 
formerly  a  place  of  capital  punishment. 

GALLOWCAIRN,  artificial  mound,  for- 
merly a  place  of  capital  punishment,  in 
Boyndie  parish,  Banffshire. 

GALLOWDRUM,  rising  ground,  formerly 
a  place  of  capital  punishment,  in  Clunie 
parish,  Perthshire. 

GALLO  WFLAT,  seat  inRutherglen  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

GALLOWFLAT,  field,  formerly  a  place 
of  capital  punishment,  in  Morton  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 


GAL 


191 


GAR 


GALLOWGATE,  long,  crooked,  leading 
old  street  in  eastern  part  of  Glasgow.  It 
underwent  great  change  in  course  of  re- 
cent city  improvement  and  railway  con- 
struction ;  and  it  has  a  sub  post  office 
with  money  order  department,  and  a 
railway  station. 

GALLOWHILL,  each  of  at  least  _  30 
places,  formerly  scenes  of  capital  punish- 
ment, in  various  parts  of  Scotland. 

GALLOWKNOW,  each  of  several  places, 
formerly  scenes  of  capital  punishment,  in 
various  parts  of  Scotland. 

GALLOWLANE,  small  head-stream  of 
Doon  river,  Ayrshire. 

GALLOWLAW,  hamlet  in  Panbride  par- 
ish, Forfarshire. 

GALLOWSIDE,  hillock,  formerly  a  place 
of  capital  punishment,  in  Coldingham  par- 
ish, Berwickshire. 

GALLOWSLOT,  rising  ground,  formerly 
a  place  of  capital  punishment,  near  Castle- 
Douglas,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

GALSTON,  town  and  parish  in  north- 
east corner  of  Kyle,  Ayrshire.  The  town 
stands  on  Irvine  river,  5J  miles  east  of 
Kilmarnock  ;  doitows  amenity  from  neigh- 
bourhood of  '  Loudoun's  bonny  woods  and 
braes ; '  and  has  a  post  office  with  all 
departments  under  Kilmarnock,  a  rail- 
way station,  2  banking  offices,  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and  Evangeli- 
cal Union  churches,  and  3  public  schools. 
Pop.  4085. — The  parish  excludes  a  suburb 
on  Loudoun  side  of  the  river,  but  includes 
the  Greenholm  part  of  Newmilns  and 
small  part  of  Darvel.  Its  length  is  12£ 
miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  4£  miles ;  its 
area  15,243  acres.  Keal  property  in 
1879-80,  £32,598.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
5961;  quoad  sacra,  5768.  The  surface 
is  mostly  level,  but  rises  in  the  east  to 
upland  height,  and  culminates  there  in 
the  lofty  Distincthorn.  About  two-thirds 
are  arable,  and  the  rest  is  variously  forest, 
moss,  and  hill  pasture.  Coal  is  largely 
worked,  and  limestone  and  flagstone  have 
been  quarried.  Chief  antiquities  are  traces 
of  an  extensive  Roman  camp,  and  the  site 
of  a  Caledonian  stone  circle.  There  are  4 
schools  for  852  scholars,  and  class-rooms 
in  them  for  400  are  new. 

GALT,  headland  at  north-west  extremity 
of  Shapinshay,  in  Orkney. 

GALTRIGIL,  bold  precipitous  headland, 
fully  300  feet  high,  at  north-west  extre- 
mity of  Isle  of  Skye. 

GALTWAY,  ancient  parish,  now  forming 
central  part  of  Kirkcudbright  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

GALVAL,  remains  of  ancient  castle  on 
fine  eminence  in  Boharm  parish,  Banffshire. 

GAMESCLEUCH,  vestige  of  ancient 
baronial  tower  in  Ettrick  parish,  Selkirk- 
shire. 

GAMESHOPE,  lake  and  burn  in  south  of 
Tweedsmuir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

GAMHAIR.    See  Gauir. 

GAMHUINN,  lake  in  Rothiemurchus 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 


GAMRIE,  parish,  containing  Macduff 
town,  and  Gardenstown  and  Crovie  vil- 
lages, on  coast  of  Banffshire.  It  connects 
but  slightly  with  the  main  body  of  the 
county,  measures  9|-  miles  by  and 
comprises  17,041  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £20,334.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia; 
6747;  quoad  sacra,  2643.  The  coast 
measures  9|  miles;  is  mostly  precipitous 
and  partly  mural;  rises  in  some  parts  to 
heights  of  from  400  to  600  feet ;  is  cloven 
in  several  places  by  great  chasms;  and 
includes  the  long  impressive  caverns  called 
Hell's  Lum  and  Needle's  Eye.  The  interior 
abounds  in  hills,  dells,  cliffs,  ravines,  and 
romantic  scenery  ;  and,  to  a  great  extent, 
has  been  laboriously  reclaimed  from  bar- 
renness to  fertility.  A  chief  residence  is 
Troup,  and  chief  antiquities  are  traces  of 
victories  over  the  Scandinavians.  The 
parochial  church  stands  in  the  east,  a 
quoad  sacra  parochial  church  and  a  Free 
church  are  at  Macduff,  and  a  chapel-of- 
ease  and  a  United  Presbyterian  church 
are  at  Gardenstown.  There  are  5  schools 
for  1540  scholars,  and  2  of  them  and  en- 
largements for  1048  are  new. 

GANNACHY,  ancient  bridge  on  the 
North  Esk,  between  Edzell  in  Forfar- 
shire and  Fettercairn  in  Kincardineshire. 

GANUH,  lake  in  Kildonan  parish,  Suth- 
erland. 

GARAN,  site  of  Muirkirk  town,  and 
originally  that  town  itself,  in  Ayrshire. 

GARAN,  islet,  crowded  with  sea-fowl, 
4  miles  east  of  Cape  Wrath,  in  Suther- 
land. 

_  GARAWALT,  impetuous  burn,  entering 
right  side  of  the  Dee,  2  miles  east  of  Inver- 
cauld  Bridge,  Aberdeenshire.  It  makes 
several  cataracts  and  falls,  one  of  the 
latter  very  picturesque. 

GARBETHILL,  village,  3  miles  east  of 
Cumbernauld,  Dumbartonshire. 

GARBHMEAL,  alpine  mountain  in  For- 
tingal  parish,  Perthshire. 

GARBHREACHD,  lake  in  Kiltarlity  par- 
ish, Inverness-shire. 

GARBHREISA,  islet,  faced  with  cliffs, 
south-west  of  Craignish  Point,  Argyle- 
shire. 

GARCHONZIE,  wood  where  a  sanguinary 
clan  fight  occurred,  between  Callander  and 
Loch  Vennachoir,  Perthshire. 

GARDEN,  seat  in  Kippen  parish,  Stir- 
lingshire. 

GARDENSTOWN,  fishing  village,  8  miles 
east-north-east  of  Banff.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Banff,  a  banking  office,  a 
tolerable  harbour,  a  chapel  -  of  -  ease,  a 
United  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  70  scholars.  Pop. 
866. 

GARDERHOUSE,  post  office  under  Ler- 
wick, and  seat,  in  Sandsting  parish,  Shet- 
land. 

GARDYNE,  fine  old  baronial  seat  in 
Kirkden  parish,  Forfarshire. 

GARE,  mineral  field  in  Carluke  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 


GAR 


192 


GAR 


GARELOCH,  sea-loch,  deflecting  from 
Firth  of  Clyde  opposite  Greenock,  and 
striking  1\  miles  north-westward,  with 
mean  breadth  of  about  a  mile,  between 
Roseneath  and  Row  parishes,  Dumbarton- 
shire. Its  shores  and  flanks  are  diversified 
and  picturesque. 

GARELOCHHEAD,  village  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  in  Dumbartonshire.  The 
village  stands  at  head  of  Gareloch,  1\ 
miles  north-west  of  Helensburgh,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Helensburgh,  a  hotel, 
a  steamboat  pier,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
98  scholars.  Pop.  of  the  village,  419 ; 
of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  733. 

GARF,  affluent  of  the  Clyde,  in  Wiston 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

GARFARRAN,  farm,  with  remains  of 
Roman  fort,  in  Drymen  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

GARGUNNOCK,  village  and  parish  in 
north  of  Stirlingshire.  The  village  stands 
about  a  mile  from  railway  station  of  its 
own  name,  5§  miles  west  of  Stirling,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Stirling,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  95  scholars.  Pop.  261. — The  par- 
ish measures  6  miles  by  4,  and  comprises 
9859  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£9337.  Pop.  698.  The  Forth  traces 
all  the  northern  boundary.  The  land  ad- 
jacent to  the  river  is  carse,  and  the  rest, 
with  intersecting  glens,  is  part  of  the 
Lennox  Hills.  The  seats  are  Gargunnock 
House,  Boquhan,  Leckie,  and  Meiklewood ; 
a  notable  locality  is  Boquhan  Glen  ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  fortifications  on 
Keir  Hill  and  the  site  of  Gargunnock  peel, 
the  scene  of  an  exploit  of  Sir  "William 
"Wallace. 

GARHARRA,  place  in  Dunoon  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

GARIOCH,  district  of  150  square  miles, 
between  Mar  and  Formartine,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

GARIOCH  (CHAPEL  OF).  See  Chapel 
of  Gakioch. 

GARIOCHSFORD,  place  in  Ythan  Wells 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  100  scholars. 

GARION.    See  Garrion. 

GARLETON,  hill  -  ridge  in  northern 
vicinity  of  Haddington.  It  extends  about 
4  miles  east  and  west,  rises  to  no  consider- 
able height,  but  figures  conspicuously  in 
the  Lothian  plain,  and  is  crowned  by  a 
lofty  monument  to  the  martial  Earl  of 
Hopetoun.  Garleton  House,  at  its  north 
base,  is  a  ruined  splendid  seat  of  the  quon- 
dam Earls  of  "Wilton. 

GARLETTER,  hill  on  west  side  of 
southern  part  of  Loch  Long,  Argyle- 
shire. 

GARLIES,  ruined  strong  castellated 
mansion,  If  mile  north  of  Minnigaff  vil- 
lage, Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  was  the  seat 
of  the  Earl  of  Galloway's  ancestors,  and 
it  gives  him  the  title  of  baron. 


GARLIESTON,  seaport  village  on  bay  of 
its  own  name,  7  miles  by  road,  but  9^  by 
railway,  south-east  of  Wigton.  It  presents 
a  modern,  well-built,  agreeable  appearance, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
"Wigtonshire,  a  railway  station,  a  banking 
office,  a  good  harbour,  and  Free  and  Con- 
gregational churches.    Pop.  649. 

GARLOGIE,  place,  with  woollen  factory, 
in  Skene  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GARLPOOL,  affluent  of  Evan  rivulet, 
Dumfriesshire. 

GARMOND,  village  in  Monquhitter 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.    Pop.  241. 

GARMOUTH,  seaport  village  at  mouth 
of  the  Spey,  4  miles  north  of  Fochabers, 
Elginshire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Morayshire,  a  banking  office, 
a  naturally  good  harbour,  a  Free  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  89  scholars. 
Pop.  626. 

GARNETHILL,  hill-ridge,  now  covered 
with  well-built  streets,  on  north  side  of 
Glasgow. 

GARNGAD,  hill,  edificed  with  public 
works  and  dwelling-houses,  in  north-east 
outskirt  of  Glasgow. 

GARNKIRK,  seat  of  fire-clay  manufac- 
ture, 6J  miles  north-east  of  Glasgow.  It 
has  a  railway  station,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  96  scholars.  Pop.  782.  Garn- 
kirk  House  is  £  mile  to  the  north. 

GARNOCK,  small  river,  running  about 
20  miles  southward  to  Irvine  harbour, 
Ayrshire.  It  makes,  in  its  upper  part, 
a  fine  cataract,  called  the  Spout  of 
Garnock. 

GARNQUEEN,  village,  with  brick-works, 
on  mutual  border  of  Cadder  and  New 
Monkland  parishes,  Lanarkshire.  Pop. 
73. 

GARPEL,  stream,  running  south-east- 
ward to  the  Evan,  a  little  above  Beattock, 
Dumfriesshire.  A.  cascade  is  on  it,  and 
a  strong  chalybeate  spring  called  Garpel 
Spa  is  near. 

GARPEL,  stream,  running  southward  to 
the  Ken,  about  a  mile  above  New  Galloway, 
Kirkcudbrightshire.  Some  fine  cascades 
are  on  it,  and  one  of  them,  called  the 
Holy  Linn,  was  a  retreat  of  the  persecuted 
Covenanters. 

GARPEL,  head-stream  of  Ayr  river, 
Ayrshire. 

GARR,  glen  on  mutual  border  of  Auch- 
tergaven  and  Little  Dunkeld  parishes, 
Perthshire. 

GARRABOST,  village  in  Stornoway 
parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Stornoway,  and  a  Free 
church  of  1881.    Pop.  309. 

GARRAGHUISM,  large,  double-cham- 
bered, vaulted  cave,  on  Stornoway  coast, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

GARRALLAN,  estate,  with  colliery  and 
public  school,  in  Old  Cumnock  parish, 
Ayrshire.  The  school  has  about  182 
scholars. 


GAR 


193 


GAR 


GARREL.    See  Gakvald. 

GARRION,  bridge  oa  the  Clyde  near 
Dalserf,  ravine  traversed  by  a  burn  south- 
westward  to  vicinity  of  that  bridge,  and 
estate  on  left  side  of  that  ravine,  in 
Lanarkshire. 

GARRISON,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Glasgow, 
adjacent  to  Millport,  Buteshire. 

GARROCH,  seat  in  Kells  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

GARROCH,  headland  at  southern  ex- 
tremity of  Bute  Island,  Buteshire. 

GARRON,  headland  flanking  north  side 
of  Stonehaven  Bay,  Kincardineshire. 

GARRY,  lake  and  river  in  north  of 
Perthshire.  The  lake  lies  among  lofty 
rugged  masses  of  the  Grampians ;  is  about  4 
miles  long  and  -J  mile  broad ;  and  terminates 
at  14  miles  west-by-north  of  Blair-Athole. 
The  river  gathers  head-streams  into  the 
lake,  runs  from  the  lake's  foot  past  Blair- 
Athole,  curves  through  Pass  of  Killie- 
crankie  to  conflux  with  the  Tummel, 
has  a  total  length  of  about  30  miles, 
makes  frequent  cataracts  and  cascades,  and, 
in  times  of  freshet,  is  dreadfully  furious. 

GARRY,  lake  and  river  in  north-west  of 
Inverness-shire.  The  lake  is  formed  by 
expansion  of  the  river's  lower  reach,  and 
measures  7  miles  in  length.  The  river 
issues  from  Loch  Qu'uch,  draws  head- 
streams  from  points  5  or  6  miles  beyond 
that  lake's  head,  runs  about  13  miles  east- 
ward from  Loch  Quoich  to  Loch  Oich  at 
Invergarry,  and  traverses,  over  most  of 
that  distance,  a  picturesque  mountain 
glen,  called  from  it  Glengarry. 

GARRY,  affluent  of  the  Ordie,  in  Auch- 
tergaven  parish,  Perthshire. 

GARRY,  headland,  flanking  west  side  of 
North  Berwick  Bay,  Haddingtonshire. 

GARRYNAHINE,  place,  with  post  office 
under  Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides. 

GARSCADDEN,  village  in  New  Kilpat- 
rick  parish,  Dumbartonshire.    Pop.  649. 

GARS  CUBE,  village  and  mansion  on 
Kelvin  river,  5  miles  north-west  of  Glas- 
gow. Pop.  of  the  village,  with  Netherton, 
677.  The  mansion  is  the  seat  of  Sir 
Archibald  S.  L.  Campbell,  Bart. 

GARSON,  headland  in  Stromness  parish, 
Orkney. 

GART,  seat  in  Callander  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

GARTCOSH,  village,  1\  miles  north-east 
of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow,  and  a  railway  station.    Pox>.  356. 

GARTCROW,  small  suburb  of  Falkirk, 
Stirlingshire. 

GARTFERRY,  seat  in  Cadder  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

GARTH,  seat  and  ruined  old  fortalice 
in  Fortingal  parish,  Perthshire. 

GARTH,  ruined  ancient  castle  in  vicinity 
of  Moulin  village,  Perthshire. 

GARTH,  seat  in  Delting  parish,  Shetland. 

GARTHLAND,  seat  in  Lochwinnoch 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

GARTHLAND,  estate,  with  ancient 
tower,  in  Stoneykirk  parish,  Wigtonshire. 


GARTINQUEEN,  lake  in  Cadder  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

GARTLOCH,  seat  in  Cadder  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

GARTLY,  parish,  averagely  4  miles 
south-by-east  of  Huntly,  and  surrounded 
by  Aberdeenshire,  but  belonging  partly  to 
Banffshire.  It  has  a  post  office  designated 
of  Aberdeenshire,  and  a  railway  station. 
Its  length  is  about  12  miles  ;  its  breadth 
about  \\  miles;  its  area  about  33  square 
miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £3691 
and  £2560.  Pop.  890.  The  Aberdeen- 
shire section  is  called  the  Braes ;  the 
Banffshire  section  is  called  the  Barony  ; 
and  they  are  divided  from  each  other  by 
the  Bogie.  Extensive  moors  and  heathy 
hills  are  at  both  ends,  and  a  beautiful 
diversity  of  hill  and  dale  is  in  the  middle. 
Gartly  Castle  is  a  ruined  old  seat  of  the 
Gordons,  and  was  visited  by  Queen  Mary. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  Free. 
There  are  3  schools  for  174  scholars,  and 
1  of  them  for  60  is  new. 

GARTMORE,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  on  south-west  verge  of  Perthshire. 
The  village  stands  on  peninsula  between 
head-streams  of  the  Forth,  10  miles  west- 
by-north  of  Kippen,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Stirling,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
80  scholars.  Gartmore  House  is  in  its 
vicinity.    Pop.  of  the  parish,  375. 

GARTMORN,  hill  and  large  deep  reser  - 
voir in  Alloa  parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

GARTNAVEL,  eminence,  crowned  by 
lunatic  asylum,  about  a  mile  west  of 
Botanic  Garden,  Glasgow.  The  asylum 
was  erected  in  1842  at  a  cost  of  more  than 
£45,000. 

GARTNESS,  estate  on  Endrick  river,  22 
miles  south-west-by-west  of  Stirling.  It 
has  a  railway  station,  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow,  remains  of  the  residence  of  the 
famous  mathematician  Napier,  and  a 
curious  cataract  on  the  Endrick. 

GARTNEY.    See  Stkathgartney. 

GARTOCHARN,  hamlet  in  Kilmaronock 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

GARTSHERRIE,  railway  station,  iron- 
works, town,  and  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
north  of  Lanarkshire.  The  station  is  about 
a  mile  west  of  that  of  Coatbridge.  The  iron- 
works are  a  little  east  of  the  station,  and 
comprise  16  furnaces  in  two  rows.  The 
town  is  part  of  Coatbridge,  and  contains 
conspicuously  on  a  small  hill  the  steepled 
parochial  church.  Pop.  of  the  parish, 
9070. 

GARTSHORE,  estate  in  Kirkintilloch 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

GARTURK,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  Old 
Monkland,  Lanarkshire.  Its  post  town  is 
Coatbridge.  The  church  was  renovated 
in  1881.    Pop.  4266. 

GARTWHINEAN,  village  in  Fossaway 
parish,  Perthshire. 

GARTY  (EASTER  and  WESTER),  places 
in  Loth  parish,  Sutherland. 

GARVALD,  village  and  parish  in  Had- 

N 


GAR 


194 


GAT 


dingtonshire.  The  village  stands  5J  miles 
south-east  of  Haddington,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Prestonkrrk,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
school  about  133  scholars.  Pop.  239.— The 
parish  measures  7f  miles  by  4,  and  com- 
prises 13,442  acres.  Eeal  property  in 
1880-81,  £9920.  Pop.  758.  About  one- 
fourth  of  the  surface,  forming  the  northern 
section,  is  rich  arable  land ;  and  all  the 
rest  is  part  of  the  Lammermoors,  mostly 
covered  with  heath.  The  seats  are  Nun- 
raw  and  Hopes ;  and  the  chief  antiquities 
are  a  large  circular  camp  and  ruins  of 
Whitecastle. 

GARVALD,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Kirkmichael,  Dumfriesshire.  Garvald 
burn  intersects  it  all,  5J  miles  southward 
to  the  Ae,  and  makes  several  pretty  cas- 
cades and  cataracts. 

GARVALD,  low  rocky  headland  between 
Port- Glasgow  and  Greenock,  Renfrewshire. 

GARVALD,  seat  in  Dolphinton  parish, 

GARVALD,  or  GARREL,  lofty  hill  and 
burn,  descending  thence  about  1000  feet,  in 
run  of  about  3  miles,  to  the  Kelvin,  in  Kil- 
syth parish,  Stirlingshire. 

GARVALD,  or  GARWAL,  affluent  of  the 
White  Esk,  with  foaming  cataract,  in  Esk- 
dalemuir  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

GARVALT,  fine  cascade  in  Invercauld 
forest,  Crathie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GARVARY,  hill  on  border  of  Eddertoun 
parish,  Eoss-shire. 

GARVE,  hamlet,  river,  and  lake  in  Ross- 
shire.  The  hamlet  lies  on  the  river  12f 
miles  west-by-north  of  Dingwall,  and  has 
a  post  office  designated  of  Ross-shire,  a 
railway  station,  and  an  inn.  The  river 
rises  on  Dirrie  Mountains,  and  runs  about 
18  miles  south-south-eastward  to  the 
Conan,  at  about  7  miles  south-west  of 
Dingwall.  The  lake  is  a  small  but 
pleasant  expansion  of  the  river,  about  4 
miles  from  the  Conan. 

GARVELLAN,  islet,  swarming  with  sea- 
fowl,  about  3 1  miles  east  of  Cape  Wrath, 
Sutherland. 

GARVELLOCH,  islet-group  midway  be- 
tween Scarba  and  Mull,  Argyleshire.  It  is 
4^  miles  long,  but  very  narrow ;  belonged 
to  the  ecclesiastics  of  Iona,  and  therefore 
bears  the  alternative  name  of  Holy  Isles  ; 
and  has  vestiges  of  a  church  and  cemetery. 

GARVIEMORE,  place,  18  miles  south- 
east of  Fort-Augustus,  Inverness-shire. 

GARVOCK,  parish,  with  church  If  mile 
east-south-east  of  Laurencekirk,  Kincar- 
dineshire. Its  post  town  is  Laurencekirk. 
Its  length  is  6^  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
2|  miles ;  its  area  7966  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £6665.  Pop.  428.  The 
surface  is  chiefly  a  hill-girt  hollow.  Gar- 
vock  Hill,  at  its  south-west  end,  has  an 
altitude  of  1003  feet  above  sea-level,  com- 
mands a  rich  panoramic  view,  and  is 
crowned  by  two  cairns,  the  larger  one  sur- 
mounted by  a  modem  tower.  The  public 
school  accommodates  85  scholars ;  and  a 


school  in  Laurencekirk  belongs  partly  to 
Garvock. 

GARVOCK,  seat  in  Dunning  parish, 
Perthshire. 

GASCONHALL,  ruined  ancient  castle, 
alleged  to  be  that  which  figured  in  the 
history  of  Sir  William  Wallace,  at  eastern 
extremity  of  Trinity-Gask  parish,  Perth- 
shire ;  but  the  real  Gasconhall  is  thought 
to  have  stood  about  1\  mile  to  the  north- 
east of  that. 

GASK,  or  FINDO-GASK,  parish,  with 
church  about  8  miles  south-west  of  Perth. 
It  contains  Clathy  village,  and  has  a  post 
office  of  its  own  name  under  Auchterarder. 
Its  length  is  3|  miles ;  its  breadth  2J 
miles  ;  its  area  5185  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £5092.  Pop.  364.  The  sur- 
face is  part  of  the  north  side  of  Strathearn. 
The  only  mansion  is  Gask  House  ;  and  an 
interesting  antiquity  is  a  Roman  causeway. 
The  public  school  has  accommodation  for  75 
scholars. 

GASK,  seat  in  Turriff  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

GASK,  mound,  thought  to  be  remains  of 
Roman  station,  in  Collessie  parish,  Fife. 

GASK,  place,  with  ancient  Caledonian 
stone  circle,  in  Daviot  parish,  Inverness- 
shire. 

GASSTOWN,  village  in  Dumfries  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Dumfries,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
100  scholars. 

GASWATER,  village  in  Auchinleck 
parish,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  285. 

GATEHEAD,  village,  railway  station, 
and  colliery  in  Kilmaurs  parish,  Ayrshire. 

GATEHOUSE,  town  on  Fleet  river,  5J 
miles  south  of  Dromore  railway  station, 
and  8  north-west  of  Kirkcudbright.  It 
comprises  Gatehouse-proper  on  the  left 
bank  and  Anwoth  on  the  right ;  was 
founded,  about  the  middle  of  last  century, 
around  the  'gate-house'  to  Cally  man- 
sion ;  became  prosperous  seat  of  manu- 
facture, but  subsided  into  a  centre  of 
country  business ;  presents  a  well-built 
appearance,  amid  charming  environs  ;  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  all  departments, 
designated  of  Kirkcudbrightshire,  2  bank- 
ing offices,  a  hotel,  a  handsome  bridge,  2 
Established  churches,  Free,  United  Pres- 
byterian, and  Episcopalian  churches,  and 
2  public  schools  with  about  164  scholars. 
Pop.  1285. 

GATESHAW,  hill  in  Morebattle  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

GATESIDE,  village  in  Strathmiglo  parish, 
Fife.  It  has  a  post  office  designated  of 
Fifeshire,  a  railway  station,  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church,  but  is  known  also  as 
Edenshead. 

GATESIDE,  village  in  Beith  parish,  Ayr- 
shire.   Pop.  374. 

GATESIDE,  village,  4  miles  south-east 
of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire.    Pop.  465. 

GATESIDE,  village  in  Warn phray  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  United  Presby- 
terian church. 


GAT 


195 


GIG 


GATESIDE,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Dumfries  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

GATESIDE,  hamlet  in  Kirkgunzeon 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

GATESIDE,  seat  in  Newhills  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

GATTONSIDE,  village  on  the  Tweed, 
among  orchards,  about  a  mile  north  of 
Melrose,  Roxburghshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Melrose,  and  vestiges  of  a 
fine  ancient  church.    Pop.  224. 

GAUIR,  river,  rising  about  5  miles  south 
of  head  of  Glencoe,  in  Argyleshire  ;  running 
about  9  miles  north-eastward  thence  into 
Loch  Lydoch ;  and  going  thence  about 
miles  eastward  to  head  of  Loch  Bannoch, 
in  Perthshire.  It  forms  all  Loch  Lydoch 
by  expansion  of  its  bed  ;  afterwards  forms 
also  the  temporary  Loch  Eathach  ;  and  is 
itself  the  upper  part  of  the  river  Tummel. 

GAVIESIDE,  village  in  West  Calder 
parish,  Edinburghshire.    Pop.  456. 

GA VINTON,  village,  1|  mile  south-west 
of  Dunse,  Berwickshire.  It  was  built  in 
1760  in  lieu  of  ancient  demolished  vil- 
lage of  Langton,  presents  a  neat  appear- 
ance, and  has  a  post  office  under  Dunse,  a 
handsome  parochial  church  of  1873,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  119  scholars. 

GAWREER,  burn,  running  between  Kil- 
maurs  and  Dreghorn  parishes  to  Irvine 
river,  Ayrshire. 

GAYLET-POT,  deep  natural  shaft  into 
great  sea-cavern,  about  a  mile  south  of 
Auchmithie,  Forfarshire. 

GEANACH,  mountain  in  Birse  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

GE  ANIES,  seat  inTarbat  parish,Boss-  shire. 

GEDD,  lake,  discharging  stream  east- 
ward to  Loch  Monar,  Boss-shire. 

GEDDES,  seat  and  hill  in  Nairn  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

GEDDESTON,  village  in  Avoch  parish, 
IvOss~sliixG 

GEIL,  or  GIVEL,  affluent  of  the  Avon,  in 
Avondale  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

GELA,  hamlet  in  Dunrossness  parish, 
Shetland. 

GELLAN,  lofty  hill-summit  on  south 
border  of  Coul  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GELLY.    See  Lochgelly. 

GELSTON,  village,  seat,  and  ancient 
parish  in  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  village 
stands  2J  miles  south-south-east  of  Castle- 
Douglas,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Castle-Douglas,  remains  of  ancient  parish 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  70 
scholars.  The  seat,  Gelston  Castle,  is 
near  the  village,  and  was  built  by  the  late 
Sir  William  Douglas,  Bart.  The  parish  is 
now  part  of  Kelton. 

GELT,  head-stream  of  Lugar  rivulet, 
Ayrshire. 

GENERAL'S  BRIDGE,  bridge  on  the 
Yarrow,  leading  to  the  ducal  seat  of 
Bowhill,  Selkirkshire. 

GENERAL'S  HUT,  inn  near  Fall  of 
Foyers,  Inverness-shire. 

GENOCH,  seat,  4  miles  west-by-south  of 
Glenluce,  Wigtonshire. 


GENTLEMEN'S  CAVE,  small  cave,  retreat 
of  fugitive  Jacobites  in  1746,  at  Bapness, 
Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

GEORGE  (FORT).    See  Fort-George. 

GEORGEMAS,  railway  junction,  14  miles 
west  of  Wick,  Caithness. 

GEORGE  (ST.),  parish,  with  Established 
and  Free  churches,  in  west  of  New  Town, 
Edinburgh.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  8094; 
quoad  sacra,  6149. 

GEORGE  (ST.),  parish,  with  Established 
and  Free  churches,  in  north-west  of  Glas- 
gow.   Pop.,  quoad  sacra,  22,775. 

GEORGE  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Aberdeen.    Pop.  4452. 

GEORGE  (ST.)  IN  THE  FIELDS,  quoad 
sacra  parish  in.  north-western  suburbs  of 
Glasgow.    Pop.  18,433. 

GEORGETOWN,  village  in  Dumfries  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire. 

GEORGETOWN,  or  TIGHNALINN,  ham- 
let with  site  of  church  and  barracks  at 
head  of  Loch  Bannoch,  Perthshire. 

GERANTON,  farm,  with  curious  ancient 
moat,  in  Crossmichael  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

GERARDINES,  quondam  natural  cave, 
richly  adorned  by  art,  at  Lossiemouth, 
Elginshire. 

GERGASK,  hamlet  in  Laggan  parish, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  56  scholars. 

GERSA,  hamlet  in  Watten  parish,  Caith- 
ness. It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
79  scholars. 

GERSTON,  hamlet  in  Halkirk  parish, 
Caithness. 

GEUSACHAN,  seat  and  burn  near  head 
of  Strathglass,  Inverness-shire. 

GEYZEN-BRIGGS,  obstructive  shoal 
across  Dornoch  Firth,  3  miles  below  Tain. 

GHARAFADA,  headland  in  Kilmuir  par- 
ish, Isle  of  Skye. 

GIANTS'  GRAVE,  tumulus  in  Manor 
parish,  Peeblesshire, 

GIANTS'  LEG,  coast  cave,  with  project- 
ing arch,  in  Bressay  Island,  Shetland. 

GIFFEN,  quondam  conspicuous  noble 
castle,  2  miles  east-south-east  of  Beith, 
Ayrshire.    It  fell  in  1838. 

GIFFERTON,  village  in  Collessie  parish, 
Fife. 

GIFFNOCK,  place,  with  railway  station 
and  famous  quarry,  lh  mile  south  of 
Pollockshaws,  Benfrewshire. 

GIFFORD,  village  and  rivulet  in  Had- 
dingtonshire. The  village  stands  on  the 
rivulet,  4  miles  south-south-east  of  Had- 
dington ;  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Haddington,  Establishedand  Free  churches, 
and  2  public  schools  with  about  169  scholars ; 
and  was  the  birthplace  of  the  Beformer 
John  Knox  and  Bev.  Dr.  John  Wither- 
spoon.  Pop.  382.  —  The  rivulet  rises 
among  the  highest  of  the  Lammermoors, 
and  runs  about  12  miles  windingly  north- 
ward to  the  Tyne,  at  1|  mile  south-west 
of  Haddington. 

GIGHA,  island  and  parish  in  south  of 


GIG 


196 


GIR 


Argyleshire.  The  island  lies  3J  miles  west 
of  northern  part  of  Kintyre ;  measures 
7  miles  in  length,  and  in  greatest 
breadth ;  presents  cliffs  to  the  sea  along 
its  west  side  ;  rises  to  heights  of  from  300 
to  400  feet ;  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Greenock,  a  parochial  church,  a  Free 
church  preaching-station,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  52  scholars.  Pop.  372. — 
The  parish  includes  also  Cara  and  Gigulum 
Islands,  and  comprises  3647  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £2460.    Pop.  382. 

GIGHA,  islet  in  Barra  parish,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

GI6HT,  ruined  ancient  castle  in  Fyvie 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GIGHT,  rivulet,  rising  a  little  south-east 
of  Newbyth,  and  running  about  8  miles 
southward  to  the  Kelly,  in  Aberdeenshire. 

GIGHTY,  burn,  running  between  Kinnell 
and  Inverkeilor  parishes  to  the  Lunan, 
in  Forfarshire. 

GIGULUM,  small  island  near  Cara,  to 
the  south  of  Gigha,  Argyleshire. 

GILBERTFIELD,  decayed  mansion  in 
Carnbuslang  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

GILCOMSTON,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  church  and  Free  church,  in 
Aberdeen.    Pop.  12,616. 

GILGAL,  hamlet  in  Wamphray  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

GILKERSCLEUGH,  seat  in  Crawfordjohn 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

GILL,  bay,  8|  miles  south-east-by-south 
of  Portpatrick,  Wigtonshire. 

GILL,  reach  of  river  Cree,  traversing  a 
narrow  gorge  between  Wigtonshire  and 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

GILL,  burn,  running  between  Walston 
and  Libberton  parishes  to  the  Medwin,  in 
Lanarkshire. 

GILL,burn,traversing  ravine  to  the  Forth, 
near  Borrowstownness,  Linlithgowshire. 

GILLANDERS,  cave  in  Golspie  parish, 
Sutherland. 

GILLEAN,  island  in  Lochalsh  parish, 
Ross-shire.    Pop.  6. 

GILLFOOT,  seat  near  Crossford,  Lanark- 
shire. 

GILLIES,  hill  adjacent  to  Bannockburn 
battlefield,  Stirlingshire. 

GILLS,  bay  and  village,  4  miles  west-by- 
south  of  J ohn-o'-Groats,  Caithness. 

GILMANSCLEUGH,  place,  3|  miles  south- 
west of  Ettrick-Bridge,  Selkirkshire. 

GILMERTON,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Edinburghshire.  The  town 
stands  4  miles  by  road  south-south-east 
of  Edinburgh ;  has  a  post  office  under 
Edinburgh,  a  railway  station,  and  a  public 
school ;  contains  a  curious  artificial  cave 
described  by  Pennycuick,  and  is  near  a 
very  large  colonnaded  cavern,  formed  in 
old  subterranean  limestone  quarry.  Pop. 
of  the  town,  1082 ;  of  the  quoad  sacra 
parish,  1330. 

GILMERTON,  village  in  Fowlis-Wester 
parish,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Crieff. 

GILMERTON,   seat  of   Sir  Alexander 


Kinloch,  Bart.,  in  Athelstaneford  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

GILMOUR'S  LINN,  cascade  on  Touch 
burn,  in  St.  Ninian's  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

GILMOURTON,  public  school,  with  about 
72  scholars,  in  Avondale  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

GILNOCKIE,  place  on  river  Esk,  If  mile 
north  of  Canonbie  village,  Dumfriesshire. 
It  has  a  railway  station,  and  a  public 
school ;  and  it  contains  the  ruined  strong- 
hold of  the  freebooter  Johnnie  Armstrong, 
whom  James  v.  caused  to  be  hanged  at 
Caerlanrig. 

GILP,  sea-loch,  about  1^  mile  long,  de- 
flecting north-westward  from  Loch  Fyne, 
at  Ardrishaig,  Argyleshire. 

GILSAY,  island  in  Harris  Sound,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

GILSTON,  village,  1\  miles  south-east  of 
Ceres,  Fife. 

GIO,  headland  in  extreme  north  of 
Shapinshay  Island,  Orkney. 

GIRDLENESS,  promontory  at  south  side 
of  mouth  of  river  Dee,  2  miles  south  of 
Aberdeen.  It  is  crowned  by  a  lighthouse 
with  two  fixed  lights,  the  one  above  the 
other,  visible  at  the  distance  of  16  and  19 
nautical  miles. 

GIRGANTY,  seat  in  Stewarton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

GIRLSTA,  lake  in  Tingwall  parish, 
Shetland. 

GIRNIGOE,  ruined  ancient  baronial  castle 
near  Noss-head,  Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

GIRTHGATE,  special  ancient  road,  still 
traceable,  from  Old  Melrose  in  Roxburgh- 
shire to  quondam  famous  hospital  on 
Soutra  Hill,  in  Haddingtonshire. 

GIRTHHEAD,  seat  in  Wamphray  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

GIRTHON,  parish,  containing  most  of 
Gatehouse  town,  in  Kirkcudbrightshire. 
Its  length  is  18  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
7  miles ;  its  area  33,374  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £8939.  Pop.  1415. 
About  three  -  fourths  of  the  surface  are 
mostly  bleak,  heathy,  and  mountainous  ; 
and  the  rest,  chiefly  in  the  south,  is 
undulating  and  fertile,  but  mainly  dis- 
posed in  grazing  cattle.  Loch  Grannoch 
and  other  lakes  are  in  the  north;  and 
Cally  mansion  adorns  the  south.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free ;  and 
there  are  3  schools  with  accommodation 
for  311  scholars. 

GIRVAN,  river,  town,  and  parish  in 
Carrick,  Ayrshire.  The  river  issues  from 
small  lakes  in  Straiton  parish,  and  runs 
about  25  miles  windingly  south-westward, 
along  a  pleasant  vale,  to  Firth  of  Clyde 
nearly  opposite  Ailsa  Craig. — The  town 
stands  at  the  river's  mouth,  21|-  miles 
south-south-west  of  Ayr  ;  dates  from  11th 
century,  but  never  became  more  than  a 
village  till  recent  times  ;  is  now  a  seaport, 
a  seat  of  sheriff  -  courts,  and  a  centre  of 
country  business  ;  consists  chiefly  of  small 
houses  occupied  by  weavers  and  other 
operatives  ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,   2  railway  stations,  5 


GIR 


197 


GLA 


banking  offices,  2  hotels,  a  public  hall,  2 
Established  churches,  Free,  United  Pres- 
byterian, Episcopalian,  and  Koman  Catho- 
lic churches,  a  mechanics'  institute,  and  3 
public  schools.  Pop.  4501.— The  parish 
measures  9  miles  by  6,  and  comprises 
14,580  acres.  Real  property  in  1879-80, 
£24,144.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  5480; 
quoad  sacra,  2827.  The  coast  has  an 
extent  of  fully  8  miles,  and  is  bold  and 
rocky  over  about  one-third,  and  flat  over 
the  rest.  The  interior  is  mostly  upland 
and  pastoral  in  the  south,  and  variously 
flat  and  undulating  in  the  north.  Chief 
seats  are  Glendoune  and  Ardmillan,  and 
chief  antiquities  are  vestiges  of  5  camps. 
Six  schools  for  1307  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  3  of  them  and  an  enlargement 
for  830  are  new. 

GIRVAN  AND  STRANRAER  RAILWAY, 
railway  from  junction  with  Glasgow  and 
South-Western  system  at  Girvan  southward 
to  junction  with  Castle-Douglas  and  Port- 
Patrick  Railway,  6f  miles  east  of  Stranraer. 
It  was  commenced  in  1871 ;  it  encountered 
many  unforeseen  obstructions  to  its  forma- 
tion ;  it  was  undertaken  on  a  capital  of 
£250,000  in  shares  and  £83,000  in  loans, 
but  required  nearly  £200,000  additional  to 
carry  it  forward  ;  and  it  was  not  completed 
till  1877.  The  land  for  it  cost,  on  the 
average,  about  £1500  a  mile ;  the  cuttings 
and  embankments,  especially  in  the  first 
8  miles,  proved  exceedingly  heavy;  a 
treacherous  bog,  in  another  part,  occasioned 
vast  labour  to  secure  foothold  ;  compact 
rock,  in  several  parts,  occasioned  stiff 
courses  of  boring  ;  and  the  bridges,  though 
generally  small,  yet  by  their  large  total  of 
103,  involved  great  aggregate  of  work. 
Only  a  single  line  of  rails  was  laid,  but 
provision  was  everywhere  made  for  a 
double  line.  The  railway  starts  from 
Girvan  in  a  south  -  westerly  direction, 
traverses  for  some  miles  the  valley  of  the 
Stinchar,  ascends  the  vale  of  the  Dhuisk, 
strikes  into  and  descends  the  vale  of  Cross 
Water  of  Luce,  and  passes  into  and 
descends  the  main  valley  of  the  Luce. 

GIRVAN  (SOUTH),  quoad  sacra  parish 
with  church  in  Girvan.    Pop.  2649. 

GLACK,  hill-pass,  traversed  by  Dundee 
and  Newtyle  Railway,  in  Newtyle  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

GLACK,  estate  in  Daviot  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

GLACKHARNIS,  long  deep  narrow  hill- 
pass  in  Aberlour  parish,  Banffshire. 

GLACKINGDALINE,  bay,  with  high 
steep  rock,  crowned  by  ruined  Scandina- 
vian castle,  in  Ulva  Island,  Argyleshire. 

GLADEFIELD,  seat  in  Kincardine  par- 
ish, Ross-shire. 

GLADHOUSE,  rivulet,  bisecting  Temple 
parish,  8  miles  northward  to  the  South 
Esk,  at  5£  miles  south-east  of  Dalkeith, 
Edinburghshire. 

GLADNEY.    See  Glaidney. 

GLADSMUIR,  village  and  parish  in  Had- 
dingtonshire.   The  village  stands  4  miles 


west-by-south  of  Haddington,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Tranent,  a  parochial 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  78 
scholars.  —  The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  of  Penston,  Macmerry,  Longnid- 
dry,  and  Samuelston,  and  is  bounded  for 
about  a  mile  by  Firth  of  Forth.  Its 
length  is  4J  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3f 
miles ;  its  area  7043  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £17,886.  Pop._  1747.  The 
coast  is  rocky,  and  the  interior  rises 
gently  thence  and  from  the  Tyne  to  a 
central  low  ridge.  Coal  and  iron  -  ore 
abound,  and  are  largely  worked.  Limestone 
also  is  found,  and  has  been  worked.  The 
seats  are  Redcoll,  Elvingston,  and  South- 
field  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  re- 
mains and  sites  of  several  old  mansions. 
There  are  4  schools  with  accommodation  for 
371  scholars. 

GLAIDNEY,  suburb  of  Ceres,  Fife. 
GLAISSEAN,  lake  in  Glassary  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

GLAITNESS,  place  in  Kirkwall  parish, 
Orkney.  It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
157  scholars. 

GLAMAIG,  lofty  mountain  on  south  side 
of  Loch  Sligichan,  Isle  of  Skye. 

GLAMMIS,  village,  noble  mansion,  and 
parish  in  south-west  of  Forfarshire.  The 
village  stands  1^  mile  south-east  of  railway 
station  of  its  own  name,  at  27  miles  north- 
east of  Perth ;  has  a  post  office  designated 
of  Forfarshire,  a  banking  office,  an  inn,  a 
public  hall,  a  neat  parochial  church,  an 
Episcopalian  mission,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  191  scholars  ;  and  gives  the  title 
of  baron  to  the  Earl  of  Strathmore.  Pop. 
345.  —  The  mansion,  Glammis  Castle, 
stands  in  the  northern  vicinity  of  the 
village ;  is  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Strath- 
more ;  has  association  with  Shakespeare's 
view  of  the  thanedom  of  Macbeth;  was 
once  a  royal  palace,  and  the  death-place  of 
Malcolm  II.  ;  stands  within  a  mile  of  three 
ancient  obelisks  thought  to  be  commemo- 
rative of  Malcolm's  death ;  was  given  by 
the  crown  in  1372  to  an  ancestor  of  the 
Earl  of  Strathmore ;  went  back  to  the 
crown  in  1537  on  account  of  Lady  Glammis' 
execution  for  alleged  witchcraft,  but  was 
restored  to  her  son  ;  is  an  imposing  pile  of 
ancient  and  modern  portions,  with  numer- 
ous turrets  and  lofty  central  tower;  and 
contains  a  number  of  interesting  ancient 
curiosities. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  of  Charleston,  Newton,  Milton, 
Thornton,  Drumgley,  Grasshouses,  and 
Arnifoul.  Its  length  is  7  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  4^  miles  ;  its  area  14,347  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £16,001.  Pop. 
1631.  The  northern  section  is  an  un- 
dulated portion  of  Strathmore  ;  the  central 
section  rises  gently  thence  to  summits  of 
the  Sidlaws,  from  500  to  700  feet  high  ; 
and  the  southern  section  consists  of  loftier 
Sidlaws  intersected  by  Ogilvie  and  Denoon 
glens.  The  antiquities  include  two  small 
circular  moats,  remains  of  a  hill -fort, 
and  sites  of  three  extinct  castles.  There 


GLA 


198 


GLA 


are  4  schools  for  383  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  includes  a  recent  enlargement  for  165. 

GLANDERSTON,  estate  in  Neilston  par- 
ish, Renfrewshire. 

GLASCHOIREN,  mountain  in  Ardna- 
murchan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

GLASFORD.    See  Glassford. 

GLASGOEGO,  seat  in  Kinellar  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

GLASGOW,  city  on  the  Clyde,  43  miles 
by  road,  but  47J  miles  by  railway,  west-by- 
south  of  Edinburgh.  It  was  formerly  an 
archiepiscopal  seat,  and  it  is  now  a  burgh, 
sending  three  members  to  Parliament,  the 
political  capital  of  Lanarkshire,  the  seat  of 
justiciary  courts  for  three  counties,  the  seat 
of  a  university,  a  head  port,  the  commercial 
and  manufacturing  capital  of  Scotland, 
and  the  third  or  second  most  wealthy  and 
populous  town  of  the  United  Kingdom. 
The  Clyde  bisects  it  from  end  to  end. 
The  site  over  all  the  south  side,  and  over 
about  one-half  of  the  north  side,  is  part  of 
the  bed  of  an  ancient  estuary,  nearly  quite 
level ;  and  that  of  the  northern  half  of  the 
north  side  is  a  diversity  of  slope,  plateau, 
and  hill  rising  to  altitudes  of  from  135  to 
215  feet  above  the  plain,  and  cut  into  three 
sections  by  transverse  ravines.  The  city 
sprang  from  a  Culdee  cell,  erected  by  St. 
Mungo  or  Kentigern,  about  the  year  560, 
on  west  brow  of  the  eastern  ravine,  about 
a  mile  from  the  Clyde  ;  it  extended  slowly, 
for  a  long  period,  over  only  the  adjacent 
plateau  and  slopes  ;  it  went  little  farther, 
till  latter  part  of  last  century,  than  in 
narrow  breadth  southward  to  the  Clyde, 
with  some  flanking  to  the  east  and  the 
west ;  it  spread  more  rapidly  till  about 
the  year  1820,  chiefly  by  westward  exten- 
sion on  the  north ;  and  it  then  began 
to  undergo  increasingly  rapid  extension, 
mostly  toward  the  west  and  the  south,  till 
it  measured  about  3  miles  by  2  in  compact 
masses  of  street,  and  about  6  miles  by  4| 
to  the  ends  and  sides  of  its  suburbs  and 
outskirts.  But  the  area  of  its  parishes, 
besides  a  large  portion  on  the  south  side 
within  Renfrewshire,  comprises  20, 481  acres . 

Most  of  the  streets  run  in  straight  lines  ; 
many  cross  one  another  at  right  angles  ;  the 
greater  number  are  spacious ;  two  terraces, 
each  open  to  the  river,  extend  along  the 
Clyde  ;  and  several  squares,  wide  crescents, 
and  other  open  spaces,  relieve  the  density 
of  the  street  masses.  The  old  portions, 
both  central  and  suburban,  became  in  great 
degree  squalid  and  pestiferous ;  but  by 
demolition,  reconstruction,  and  other 
methods,  have  undergone  a  pleasant  change. 
An  Improvement  Trust  commenced  opera- 
tions in  1866,  provided  new  house  accom- 
modation for  great  multitudes  prior  to 
1877,  had  then  completed  only  about  half 
of  their  scheme,  were  then  proceeding  to 
widen  some  streets,  demolish  others,  con- 
struct new  ones,  and  form  squares  or  other 
open  areas,  and  promoted  a  bill  in  the 
session  of  1879-80  to  increase  their  borrow- 
ing powers  from  £1,250,000  to  £1,500,000. 


The  unrenovated  old  parts  are  mostly  very 
plain  ;  but  the  modern  extensions  abound 
in  neatness  and  taste,  and  exhibit  large 
amount  and  great  variety  of  architectural 
ornament.  The  general  alignment,  the 
prevailing  structure,  and  the  large  aggre- 
gate of  beauty,  even  despite  of  crowds  of 
factories  and  volumes  of  smoke  in  certain 
parts,  present  a  striking  contrast  to  the 
character  of  most  of  the  large  towns  of 
England.  The  public  buildings  also,  in 
the  aggregate,  are  highly  imposing  ;  many 
of  the  semi-public  buildings,  and  some  of 
the  warehouses  too,  are  richly  embellished ; 
and  all  these,  as  well  as  most  of  the  other 
houses,  derive  much  advantage  from  being 
built  of  a  light-coloured,  fine-grained,  sili- 
ceous sandstone. 

The  County  and  Municipal  Buildings 
form  one  block,  and  comprise  the  County 
Court-Houses  fronting  Ingram  Street, 
the  County  Offices  fronting  Hutcheson 
Street,  and  the  Municipal  Rooms  fronting 
Wilson  Street,  the  first  erected  in  1862 
and  1872  at  a  cost  of  about  £90,000,  the 
second  in  1843  at  a  cost  of  £10,300,  the 
third  in  1844  at  a  cost  of  £62,000.  New 
Municipal  Buildings,  to  occupy  all  the 
east  side  of  George  Square,  and  to  cost 
probably  about  £250,000,  were  in  progress 
of  approved  design  in  July  1882.  The 
Central  Police  Office,  in  Bell  Street,  is  a 
high  hollow  square,  and  was  erected  in 
1825  and  1851  at  a  cost  of  £21,000.  The 
South  Prison,  fronting  west  end  of  Glas- 
gow Green,  was  erected  in  1801-4  at  a 
cost  of  £34,800,  and  is  now  used  chiefly 
for  the  justiciary  courts.  The  North 
Prison,  in  Duke  Street,  is  a  dismal  group 
of  strong  structures,  erected  at  five  succes- 
sive times  from  1798  till  1872.  A  new 
prison,  to  supersede  that  in  Duke  Street, 
and  to  stand  on  a  tract  of  32  acres,  near 
Cumbernauld  Road,  about  3  miles  from  Glas- 
gow, was  projected  in  early  part  of  1880. 
The  old  Tolbooth,  figuring  in  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  novel  of  Bob  Boy,  occupied  the  site  of 
a  lofty  block  of  business  premises  at  corner 
of  High  Street  and  Trongate;  and  the 
steeple  which  adjoins  it  still  stands,  has  a 
height  of  126  feet,  and  terminates  in  the 
form  of  an  imperial  crown.  The  Tontine 
Buildings,  containing  the  old  town  hall, 
contiguous  to  the  site  of  the  old  Tolbooth, 
and  long  proverbial  for  unique  structure, 
were  reduced  to  commonplace  features  by 
the  City  Improvement  Trust.  The  old. 
Barracks,  on  an  area  with  spacious  parade- 
ground  in  Gallowgate,  were  erected  in 
1795 ;  and  the  Improvement  Trust  de- 
signed in  1877  to  convert  their  area  into  a 
public  square.  The  New  Barracks,  near 
Maryhill,  were  completed  in  1875,  and  are 
very  superior  to  the  old. 

The  City  Hall,  in  Candlerigg  Street,  has 
a  very  plain  exterior,  but  contains  an 
apartment  with  accommodation  for  nearly 
4000  persons.  The  Trades  Hall,  in  Glass- 
ford  Street,  was  erected  in  1791,  and 
served  for  all  sorts  of  public  assemblies, 


GLA 


199 


GLA 


and  was  designed  in  1877  to  be  entirely 
rebuilt  on  a  larger  scale.  The  Procurators' 
Hall,  with  fronts  to  St.  George  Place  and 
West  Nile  Street,  was  erected  in  1856, 
and  is  in  florid  Venetian  style.  The  New 
Public  Halls,  with  frontages  to  Berkeley 
Street,  Granville  Street,  and  Kent  Road, 
were  erected  in  1874-77  at  an  estimated 
cost  of  about  £62,500,  cover  an  area  of 
3500  square  yards,  and  contain  a  main 
hall  with  accommodation  for  2926  persons, 
and  numerous  other  apartments.  The 
Royal  Exchange,  confronting  the  line  of 
Ingram  Street,  was  erected  in  1829  at  a 
cost  of  £60,000;  has  an  octostyle  Corin- 
thian portico  and  a  cyclostyle  lantern- 
tower;  and  contains  an  ornate  very 
spacious  reading -hall.  The  Stock  Ex- 
change, at  corner  of  Buchanan  Street  and 
St.  George  Place,  was  erected  in  1875-77 
at  a  cost  of  about  £45,000,  and  is  in 
ornate  Gothic  style,  with  tower  112  feet 
high.  The  Merchants'  House,  on  west 
side  of  George  Square,  was  erected  in 
1874-76,  and  is  in  elaborate  Italian  style, 
with  tower  122  feet  high.  The  Post  Office, 
on  south  side  of  George  Square,  was 
founded  in  1876  by  the  Prince  of  Wales ; 
presents  flank  frontages  to  South  Han- 
over and  South  Frederick  Streets  ;  covers 
an  area  of  fully  2500  square  yards ;  and 
possesses  ample  apartments  and  facile  ar- 
rangements for  all  departments  of  its  work. 

The  Bank  of  Scotland,  at  corner  of  St. 
Vincent  Place  and  George  Square,  was 
erected  in  1867,  and  has,  over  its  entrance, 
a  massive  entablature  resting  on  cattle 
caryatides.  The  Royal  Bank,  behind  the 
Royal  Exchange,  was  erected  in  1829, 
has  a  fine  Ionic  portico,  and  was  recon- 
structed throughout  its  interior  in  1874. 
The  British  Linen  Company's  Bank,  at 
corner  of  Queen  Street  and  Ingram  Street, 
is  a  large,  lofty,  ornate  Venetian  edifice, 
with  fine  balustrade.  The  Commercial 
Bank,  on  north  side  of  Gordon  Street,  was 
erected  in  1857,  and  is  a  large  and  highly 
ornate  structure,resembling  Farnese  Palace 
in  Rome.  The  National  Bank,  on  west 
side  of  Queen  Street,  is  in  rich  mixed 
Italian  style.  The  Union  Bank,  on  south 
side  of  Ingram  Street,  was  erected  in  1842, 
and  much  altered  and  enlarged  in  1877-78, 
and  has  a  lofty  hexastyle  Doric  portico, 
surmounted  by  six  colossal  statues.  The 
Clydesdale  Bank,  in  St.  Vincent  Place, 
was  erected  in  1872-73 ;  presents  three 
storeys,  successively  rusticated,  Ionic,  and 
Corinthian  ;  and  has  a  lofty  entrance 
portico  with  side  groups  of  sculpture. 
The  quondam  City  of  Glasgow  Bank, 
extending  from  Virginia  Street  to  Glass- 
ford  Street,  was  in  course  of  enlargement 
when  the  bank  became  insolvent,  was 
carried  to  completion  by  the  liquidators, 
and  was  sold  to  warehousemen  in  1880  for 
£45,000.  The  Savings  Bank,  in  Glassford 
Street,  was  erected  in  1865  at  a  cost  of 
£14,000.  The  Scottish  Amicable  Assur- 
ance Office,  in  St.  Vincent  Place,  was 


erected  in  1872-73,  and  is  in  rich  Italian 
style  with  sculptured  symbols.  The  City 
of  Glasgow  Life  Assurance  Office,  in  Ren- 
field  Street,  is  also  in  rich  Italian  style, 
and  has  colossal  statues  of  St.  Mungo  and 
St.  Andrew.  Several  other  semi-public 
edifices  are  of  similar  character. 

A  monument  to  Sir  Walter  Scott,  com- 
prising lofty  pedestal,  column  80  feet 
high,  and  colossal  statue,  erected  in  1837, 
stands  in  the  centre  of  George  Square. 
Equestrian  statues  of  Queen  Victoria  and 
the  Prince  Consort,  constructed  in  1854 
and  1866,  stand  in  the  middle  of  respec- 
tively the  west  and  the  east  divisions  of 
that  square.  Pedestalled  bronze  statues 
of  Sir  John  Moore,  1819  ;  James  Watt, 
1832 ;  Sir  Robert  Peel,  1858  ;  Lord  Clyde, 
1866;  Dr.  Thomas  Graham,  1872 ;  the  poet 
Burns,  1877 ;  the  poet  Campbell,  1877 ;  and 
Dr.  Livingstone,  1879,  stand  on  the  bor- 
ders of  that  square.  An  equestrian  statue 
of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  erected  in  1844 
at  a  cost  of  £10,000,  stands  in  front  of  the 
Royal  Exchange.  An  equestrian  statue  of 
King  William  ill.,  presented  to  the  city 
in  1736,  stands  in  front  of  the  Tontine 
Buildings.  A  monument  of  Lord  Provost 
Stewart,  in  form  of  large  jet  fountain 
with  surmounting  figure  of  the  '  Lady  of 
the  Lake,'  for  benefits  conferred  in  water- 
supply  from  Loch  Katrine,  stands  near 
the  centre  of  Kelvingrove  Park.  An 
obeliskal  monument  of  Lord  Nelson,  144 
feet  high,  erected  in  1806,  stands  on 
Glasgow  Green.  A  statue  of  James 
Lumsden,  erected  in  1862,  for  services  to 
the  Royal  Infirmary,  stands  in  the  Infir- 
mary's front.  A  fine  bronze  statue  of 
Rev.  Dr.  Norman  M'Leod,  erected  in  1881, 
stands  near  Barony  Church.  Conspicuous 
or  handsome  monuments  to  John  Knox, 
William  M'Gavin,  Major  Monteith,  Prin- 
cipal Macf arlane,  Rev.  Drs.  Dick,  Wardlaw, 
Heugh,  and  Black,  Rev.  Edward  Irving. 
Charles  Tennant,  James  Ewing,  Michael 
Scott,  the  poet  Motherwell,  and  other 
eminent  persons,  stand  in  the  Necropolis 
overlooking  the  Cathedral.  An  obeliskal 
monument  of  the  Radicals  Hardie  and 
Baird,  and  numerous  other  monuments, 
stand  on  the  conspicuous  rising  ground  of 
Sighthill  Cemetery. 

Glasgow  Bridge,  on  the  Clyde  at  head 
of  the  harbour,  was  erected  in  1835  in  lieu 
of  a  previous  beautiful  bridge,  at  a  cost  of 
£37,000,  is  560  feet  long  and  60  feet  wide  ; 
and  was  proposed  in  1877  to  be  widened 
30  feet  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £33,000. 
The  pedestrian  suspension  bridge,  about 
200  yards  east  of  Glasgow  Bridge,  was 
erected  in  1853  and  improved  in  1871 ; 
and  was  proposed  in  1877  to  be  superseded 
by  a  carriage  bridge  at  a  cost  of  about 
£80,000  for  construction,  and  about  £41,065 
for  requisite  adjacent  street  alterations. 
Victoria  Bridge,  on  a  line  with  Stockwell 
Street,  superseded  a  bridge  of  1345,  long 
the  only  one  for  the  city ;  was  erected  in 
1856  at  a  cost  of  £40,000 ;  and  is  445  feet 


GLA 


200 


GLA 


long  and  60  feet  wide.  Albert  Bridge,  on 
a  line  with  Saltmarket  Street,  superseded 
a  faulty  bridge  of  1833,  was  erected  in 
1870-71,  and  shows  remarkable  combina- 
tion of  commodiousness  and  elegance. 
The  pedestrian  suspension  bridge,  near 
Nelson's  Monument,  was  erected  in  1855. 
The  Caledonian  Eailway  viaduct,  about 
115  feet  west  of  Glasgow  Bridge,  was 
constructed  in  1876-79,  stands  32  feet  over 
the  level  of  high-water,  has  a  width  of  50 
feet  between  the  bearing  girders,  and  is 
perfectly  level  from  end  to  end.  The 
Union  Railway  viaduct,  about  165  yards 
east  of  Victoria  Bridge,  was  completed  in 
1870,  and  presents  a  very  plain  appear- 
ance. A  handsome  iron  bridge  on  the 
Kelvin,  to  connect  the  two  portions  of 
Kelvinside  Park,  and  to  form  a  direct 
route  from  Glasgow-proper  to  the  Hillhead 
side  of  the  University,  was  founded  in 
October  1880. 

The  City  Bazaar,  between  Candlerigg 
and  Albion  Streets,  covers  the  ground  of 
the  old  city  bowling-green,  comprises  an 
area  of  2377  square  yards,  and  has  good 
arrangements  for  almost  every  kind  of 
commodity.  The  Cattle  Market,  between 
eastern  part  of  Duke  Street  and  Gallow- 
gate,  comprises  an  area  of  30,000  square 
yards,  has  prime  arrangements  and  appli- 
ances, and  witnesses  the  sale  of  about 
400,000  animals  a  year.  The  Fish  Market, 
extending  from  Clyde  Street  to  Bridgegate, 
is  a  recent  erection,  in  room  of  a  previous 
one,  measures  190  feet  in  length,  and  90 
feet  in  average  width,  and  has  a  light 
arched  roof  60  feet  high.  The  Dead 
Meat  Market,  and  the  abbatoirs,  in  eastern 
vicinity  of  that,  became  so  insufficient  for 
the  demands  on  them,  that  a  bill  was 
promoted  in  the  session  of  1876-77  for 
power  to  enlarge  them,  to  construct  a 
Hide  Market,  to  acquire  adjacent  lands 
or  houses  for  them,  and  to  borrow  for 
these  purposes  an  additional  £80,000. 
The  revenue  from  the  cattle,  fish,  and 
dead-meat  markets  and  the  abbatoirs  in 
1880  was  £15,281 ;  the  expenditure, 
£5348. 

Spacious  first-class  hotels  stood  on  north 
and  east  sides  of  George  Square,  on  ground 
required  for  extension  of  North  British 
Railway  station,  and  for  erection  of  New 
Municipal  Buildings.  Other  prime  hotels 
are  numerous,  both  in  the  same  vicinity 
and  in  other  central  thoroughfares.  The 
Western  Club,  at  north  corner  of  Buchanan 
and  St.  Vincent  Streets,  is  a  large  orna- 
mental edifice  in  the  Italian  palatial  style, 
with  tetrastyle  entrance  porch  and  rich 
general  entablature,  and  has  apartments 
and  fittings  on  a  grand  scale  and  in  high 
elegance.  The  New  Club,  in  West  George 
Street,  was  inaugurated  in  January  1880 ; 
has  a  handsome  street  frontage  of  84  feet, 
with  sculptural  embellishments  ;  and  con- 
tains a  dining-hall  76  feet  long,  30  feet 
wide,  and  24  feet  high.  The  Queen's 
Rooms,  near  south  entrance  of  Kelvin- 


grove  Park,  were  erected  in  1860 ;  have, 
in  three  fronts,  a  series  of  emblematic 
sculptures ;  and  possess  accommodations 
for  assemblies,  concei-ts,  and  public  enter- 
tainments. Kelvingrove  Museum,  in  the 
park  adjacent  to  the  Kelvin,  is  a  Roman 
Doric  edifice  of  1874-75  adjoined  to  an  old 
mansion,  was  designed  to  be  extended, 
and  contains  a  large  collection  of  both 
natural  and  artificial  curiosities.  The 
Corporation  Picture  Galleries,  on  north 
side  of  Sauchiehall  Street,  are  large,  lofty, 
and  handsome ;  contain  halls  for  exhibi- 
tions, concerts,  conversaziones,  and  civic 
public  banquets  ;  have  a  rich  collection  of 
pictures  and  sculptures,  freely  open  to  the 
public ;  and  include  the  School  of  Art 
class-rooms  and  two  special  libraries.  The 
Fine  Art  Institute,  on  south  side  of 
Sauchiehall  Street,  was  erected  in  1879-80, 
at  a  cost  of  about  £15,000  ;  is  embellished 
with  historical  and  emblematic  sculptures  ; 
and  contains  six  galleries,  the  largest  mea- 
suring 96  by  31  feet.  The  Athenaeum,  in 
Ingram  Street,  was  originally  the  Assembly 
Rooms,  erected  in  1796-1807,  and  contains 
amusement  rooms,  abundantly  -  supplied 
reading-rooms,  and  a  library  with  more 
than  11,000  volumes.  The  Mitchell  Library, 
also  in  Ingram  Street,  but  in  temporary 
premises,  was  opened  near  the  end  of  1877, 
contains  a  library  with  more  than  32,000 
volumes,  and  a  magazine-room  with  more 
than  150  serials,  and  is  free  to  the  public 
without  either  introduction  or  guarantee. 
Stirling's  and  Glasgow  public  library,  in 
Miller  Street,  comprises  two  large  libraries, 
formerly  and  long  in  separate  buildings, 
and  is  free  to  the  public  for  consultation. 
The  Theatre  Royal,  in  Hope  Street,  was 
opened  in  October  1880,  occupies  the  site 
of  a  previous  theatre  destroyed  by  fire,  and 
has  sitting  accommodation  for  nearly  3000 
persons.  The  Royalty  Theatre,  in  Sauchie- 
hall Street,  was  opened  in  December  1879. 
Other  theatres  are  the  Gaiety  in  Sauchie- 
hall Street,  the  Prince  of  Wales  in  Cow- 
caddens,  and  the  Boyal  Princess  in  Gorbals. 
Music  halls  are  the  Royal  in  Dunlop 
Street,  the  Scotia  in  Stockwell  Street, 
and  the  Britannia  in  Trongate. 

The  Old  University,  on  east  side  of 
High  Street,  was  erected  chiefly  in  1632- 
62  ;  comprised  three  quadrangles  of  official 
buildings,  and  one  of  professors'  houses ; 
had  a  frontage  of  305  feet,  and  a  steeple 
148  feet  high  ;  and  is  now,  with  demolition 
or  change  of  its  backward  parts,  the  eastern 
station  of  North  British  Railway.  The 
New  College,  on  Gilmpurhill,  adjacent  to 
right  side  of  the  Kelvin,  was  founded  in 
1866,  opened  in  1870,  and  in  such  condition 
at  October  1873  as  to  require  £71,000  for 
completion ;  cost  till  that  date  £415,000  ; 
covers  nearly  four  times  more  ground  than 
was  occupied  by  the  Old  College  ;  presents 
to  the  south  a  main  frontage  532  feet  long, 
with  central  tower  150  feet  high,  and 
spire  also  150  feet  high ;  includes  two 
great  blocks  for  respectively  a  vast  library 


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and  very  rich  museum ;  acquired  in  1881-82 
a  central  common  hall,  110  feet  long,  68 
feet  wide,  and  74  feet  high  ;  is  in  mixed 
styles  of  architecture,  with  predominance 
of  early  pointed ;  has  27  professorships 
and  5  lectureships ;  and,  in  the  session 
of  1879-80,  had  2235  matriculated  stu- 
dents. Anderson's  College,  in  George 
Street,  dates  from  1796,  but  occupies 
an  edifice  of  1782,  considerably  recon- 
structed since  1876 ;  has  19  professor- 
ships or  lectureships,  besides  conductors 
of  junior  and  evening  classes ;  includes 
an  extensive  museum ;  and  is  usually 
attended  by  upwards  of  2200  students. 
The  Royal  Observatory,  on  Dowanhill, 
about  5  furlongs  north-west  of  the  New 
College,  is  a  handsome  modern  structure, 
and  commands  an  extensive  view.  A  new 
observatory,  to  stand  on  an  eminence  near 
Maryhill,  to  rise  to  the  height  of  200  feet, 
and  to  cost  at  least  £10,000,  was  projected 
in  June  1880.  The  Royal  Botanic  Garden, 
at  north-west  extremity  of  Hillhead,  com- 
prises 6J  acres,  includes  picturesque  steep 
descents  to  the  Kelvin,  and  has  good 
buildings,  arrangements,  and  walks.  The 
Kibble  Crystal  Palace,  within  the  Botanic 
Garden,  was  transposed  thither  from  Coul- 
port  in  1872 ;  and  has  two  domes  about  40  ft. 
high,  and  accommodation  for  about  7000 
persons.  The  Winter  Gardens,  in  southern 
vicinity  of  the  Botanic  Garden,  were  opened 
in  1875,  and  have  glass-houses  aggregately 
extending  to  1320  feet. 

The  former  High  School,  behind  north 
side  of  George  Street,  was  a  plain  edifice 
of  about  1820,  measuring  120  feet  by  28. 
The  present  High  School,  in  Elmbank 
Place,  is  a  handsome  spacious  edifice,  was 
erected  in  1846,  under  name  of  Glasgow 
Academy,  by  a  sharehold  company,  and 
went  by  sale  in  1877  for  £32,000  to  the 
City  School  Board.  The  Board,  in  1880, 
had  in  operation  37  permanent  elementary 
schools  with  accommodation  for  30,457 
scholars,  7  temporary  elementary  schools 
with  accommodation  for  2454  scholars, 
and  20  elementary  evening  schools  with 
4446  scholars  on  the  roll.  The  present 
Glasgow  Academy,  on  Great  Western  Road, 
and  Kelvinside  Academy,  are  secondary  or 
higher-class  schools.  Hutcheson's  Hospital, 
at  corner  of  Ingram  Street  and  John  Street, 
is  a  steepled  edifice  of  1639-41 ;  had  long 
an  endowment  revenue  of  about  £3000 
a  year,  spent  in  educating  poor  boys  and 
pensioning  poor  burgesses ;  and  now  has 
an  income  of  about  £7000,  spent  in  main- 
taining two  secondary  schools,  providing 
extensive  primary  education,  and  giving 
numerous  school  and  college  bursaries. 
The  capital  value  of  endowments  in  the 
city,  inclusive  of  Hutcheson's,  was  in 
1880,  for  mainly  and  simply  elementary 
education,  about  £66,539  ;  for  education 
of  poor  children,  £52,635 ;  for  mainten- 
ance or  clothing,  along  with  education, 
£318,317 ;  for  education  restricted  to  par- 
ticular classes  of  the  people,  £214,616 ; 


for  education  through  lectures,  libraries, 
and  similar  means,  £43,511 ;  for  religious 
instruction,  £2660.  The  Church  of  Scot- 
land Normal  School,  at  east  end  of  New 
City  Road,  was  erected  in  1827  at  a  cost 
of  £15,000,  and  has  a  front  128  feet  long, 
receding  wings  110  feet  long,  and  a  central 
tower.  The  Free  Church  Normal  School, 
in  Cowcaddens  Street,  was  erected  in  1846 
at  a  cost  of  £8000,  and  is  a  spacious  Gothic 
edifice.  The  Mechanics'  Institution,  in 
Bath  Street,  was  erected  in  1861  at  a  cost 
of  about  £4000,  maintains  teaching  and 
lecturing  on  many  subjects,  includes  a 
model  room  and  a  laboratory,  and  receives 
aid  from  Hutcheson's  Hospital  endowment. 
The  Veterinary  College,  in  Buccleuch 
Street,  and  the  Agricultural  College, 
affiliated  to  it,  also  maintain  teaching  and 
lecturing,  and  have  suitable  appliances. 

The  Cathedral,  on  brink  of  eastern 
ravine,  about  a  mile  north-east-by-east  of 
the  Royal  Exchange,  covers  the  site  of  St. 
Mungo's  cell ;  was  founded  in  1136,  and 
built  chiefly  in  1192-97 ;  underwent  reno- 
vation in  years  subsequent  to  1828 ;  consists 
of  nave,  choir,  small  south  transept,  Lady 
chapel,  crypt,  and  chapter-house,  with, 
central  steeple  225  feet  high ;  measures 
319  feet  in  length,  63  feet  in  breadth,  and 
90  feet  in  height ;  and  acquired,  in  course 
of  its  renovation,  a  surpassingly  rich  dis- 
play of  stained-glass  windows.  The  nave 
is  155  feet  long,  and  forms  a  striking 
specimen  of  pure  early  pointed  architec- 
ture ;  the  choir  is  97  feet  long,  has  been 
refitted  in  the  old  cathedral  style,  and 
serves  as  the  High  or  St.  Mungo's  Parochial 
Church ;  the  Lady  chapel  extends  eastward 
from  the  choir,  stands  on  declivity  of  the 
ravine's  brow,  and  exhibits  there,  at  great 
height,  richly  carved  early  pointed  win- 
dows ;  the  crypt  underlies  the  choir  and 
the  Lady  chapel,  measures  125  feet  in 
length,  forms  a  chef-d'oeuvre  of  architecture 
in  styles  from  plain  Norman  to  intricate 
second  pointed,  served  long  as  the  Barony 
parochial  church,  and  figures  graphically 
in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  novel  of  Rob  Roy. 
St.  Andrew's  Established  Church,  in  St. 
Andrew  Square,  was  erected  in  latter  part 
of  last  century,  has  a  hexastyle  composite 
portico  surmounted  by  lofty  steeple,  and 
was  renovated  in  1879-80  at  a  cost  of 
£2600.  St.  David's  Established  Church, 
confronting  head  of  Candlerigg  Street, 
occupies  the  site  of  a  previous  church  of 
1724,  and  is  cruciform  and  Gothic,  with 
pinnacled  tower  120  feet  high.  St.  John's 
Established  Church,  confronting  short 
street  off  Gallowgate,  was  erected  for 
Rev.  Dr.  Chalmers,  and  is  a  large  Gothic 
structure  with  pinnacled  tower.  Park 
Established  Church,  on  high  ground  ad- 
jacent to  Kelvingrove  Park,  was  erected  in 
1861,  and  is  a  massive  Gothic  edifice  with 
lofty  tower  terminated  in  eight  pinnacles. 
74  other  Established  churches  are  within 
the  city  and  suburbs,  and  some  of  them 
are  noticed  in  our  other  articles. 


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202 


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The  Free  Church  College,  in  near  vicinity 
to  Park  Established  Church,  was  erected 
in  1860-62 ;  presents  to  the  west  a  Saxon 
front,  surmounted  by  very  lofty,  massive, 
ungraduated  tower ;  and  has  4  professor- 
ships in  theology  and  a  lectureship  in 
physical  science.  College  Free  Church 
projects  from  north  side  of  Free  Church 
College,  was  erected  at  the  same  time  as 
that  edifice,  and  has  an  octostyle  Corin- 
thian portico.  St.  John's  Free  Church,  in 
George  Street,  was  erected  in  1845,  is  in 
middle  pointed  style,  and  has  a  lofty 
beautiful  spire.  Eenfield  Free  Church, 
in  West  Bath  Street,  was  erected  in  1857 
at  a  cost  of  about  £12,000,  and  is  in  florid 
Gothic  style  with  tall  open  octagonal 
turrets.  St.  Matthew's  Free  Church,  a 
little  farther  west,  has  a  rich  Gothic 
front  and  a  fine  lofty  steeple.  69  other 
Free  churches  are  within  the  city  and 
suburbs. — Greyfriars  United  Presbyterian 
Church,  in  North  Albion  Street,  was 
erected  in  1821  at  a  cost  of  £8300,  and  is 
a  spacious  edifice  with  Grecian  portico. 
Cathedral  Square  United  Presbyterian 
Church  was  erected  in  1879-80  in  lieu 
of  a  previous  church  in  Duke  Street,  sold 
to  North  British  Railway  Company  for 
£18,500,  and  is  in  the  Italian  style  with 
tower  111  feet  high.  Camphill  United 
Presbyterian  Church  was  completed  in 
1877  at  a  cost  of  £13,000,  and  has  a  fine 
costly  organ.  Wellington  Street  United 
Presbyterian  Church  was  erected  in  1828 
at  a  cost  of  about  £9000,  and  has  a  hand- 
some Grecian  portico.  St.  Vincent  Street 
United  Presbyterian  Church  was  erected 
in  1858,  is  a  large  structure  with  cupola- 
capped  tower,  and  shows  juxtapositions  of 
Ionic  and  Egyptian  architecture.  Renfield 
Street  United  Presbyterian  Church,  adja- 
cent to  Sauchiehall  Street,  was  erected  in 
1848  at  a  cost  of  £12,695,  and  exhibits 
ornate  Gothic  features.  Bath  Street 
United  Presbyterian  Church  was  erected 
in  1875-76  at  a  cost  of  about  £9000,  and  is 
in  the  Grecian  style.  Lansdowne  United 
Presbyterian  Church,  near  west  end  of 
Great  Western  Road,  was  erected  in  1862- 
63  at  a  cost  of  more  than  £12,500,  and  is 
in  the  middle  pointed  style  with  tower  and 
slender  spire  220  feet  high.  Woodland 
Road  United  Presbyterian  Church  was 
erected  in  1875  at  a  cost  of  about  £16,000, 
and  is  spacious  and  elegant.  52  other 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  3  United 
Original  Secession  churches,  a  Reformed 
Presbyterian  church,  and  2  Free  Presby- 
terian places  of  worship  are  within  the 
city  and  suburbs. 

Elgin  Place  Congregational  Church,  near 
West  Bath  Street,  was  erected  in  1856,  in 
lieu  of  Dr.  Wardlaw's  church  in  George 
Street,  now  included  in  North  British 
Railway  station,  and  is  a  handsome  edi- 
fice with  florid  Ionic  portico.  Trinity 
Congregational  Church,  in  Claremont 
Street,  was  erected  about  1867,  and  is  an 
ornate  edifice  with  tower  and  spire.  Dun- 


das  Street  Evangelical  Union  Church  was 
erected  about  1842,  and  is  a  triple-gabled 
Norman  structure,  with  flank  entrance- 
tower  and  truncated  spire.  12  other  Con- 
gregational churches,  9  other  Evangelical 
Union  churches,  an  old  Scotch  Indepen- 
dent church,  a  Baptist  church  erected  in 
1877  at  a  cost  of  £12,000,  12  other  Baptist 
places  of  worship,  a  Glassite  church,  a 
Free  Gospel  church,  a  Swedenborgian 
church,  5  Plymouth  Brethren's  places  of 
worship,  2  of  Christian  Israelites,  1  of 
Quakers,  2  of  Unitarians,  and  6  of  other 
small  denominations,  are  within  the  city 
and  suburbs.  The  Wesleyan  Methodist 
Church  in  Sauchiehall  Street,  in  lieu  of 
a  previous  church  in  John  Street,  was 
erected  in  1880-81  at  a  cost  of  about 
£8200,  and  includes  a  church-proper  with 
785  sittings,  and  a  hall  with  500.  6  other 
Wesleyan  Methodist  churches,  and  3 
Primitive  Methodist  places  of  worship,  are 
within  the  city  and  suburbs.  The  Evan- 
gelistic Hall,  in  James  Morrison  Street, 
was  completed  in  May  1877  at  a  cost  of 
£14,000.  The  Christian  Institute,  in 
Both  well  Street,  was  completed  in  October 
1879  at  a  cost  of  £28,500;  is  an  elegant 
Gothic  edifice  with  hagiological  sculptures 
and  a  tower  126  feet  high  ;  and  contains  a 
very  spacious  hall,  class-rooms,  library, 
reading-rooms,  and  gymnasium. 

St.  Mary's  Episcopalian  Church,  on 
Great  Western  Road,  was  erected  in  1870- 
71  at  a  cost  of  about  £20,000,  is  an  ornate 
edifice  in  the  early  pointed  style,  and  has 
a  pinnacled  square  tower  and  octagonal 
spire.  St.  Jude's  Episcopalian  Church,  at 
south-west  comer  of  Blythswood  Square, 
is  a  neat  oblong  structure  in  Grseco-Egyp- 
tian  style.  8  other  Episcopalian  churches 
and  2  Episcopalian  missions  are  within  the 
city  and  suburbs. — St.  Andrew's  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  in  Great  Clyde  Street 
between  Victoria  and  Glasgow  Bridges, 
was  erected  as  nave  and  aisles  in  1817  at 
a  cost  of  more  than  £13,000  ;  was  enlarged 
with  transepts  and  interiorly  improved  in 
1871 ;  and  is  a  spacious  florid  Gothic 
edifice,  with  profusion  of  turrets  and 
crocketted  pinnacles.  St.  Mungo's  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  in  Parson  Street  near  the 
Cathedral,  was  erected  in  1869,  together 
with  large  schools  and  6  priests'  residences, 
and  it  forms  with  them  an  extensive  mass 
of  stractures.  St.  Francis'  Roman  Catholic 
Church,  in  Cumberland  Street,  was  erected 
in  1880-81 ;  was  estimated  to  cost  about 
£12,000 ;  and  is  a  splendid  edifice  in  the 
early  decorated  style.  15  other  Roman 
Catholic  churches  and  2  convents  are 
within  the  city  and  suburbs. — The  Jewish 
Synagogue,  at  corner  of  Hill  Street  and 
Thistle  Street,  Garnethill,  was  erected  in 
1878-79  at  a  cost  of  about  £10,000  ex- 
clusive of  the  site,  and  is  in  the  Romanesque 
style  with  Byzantine  details. 

The  Royal  Infirmary,  on  site  of  archi- 
episcopal  palace  near  the  Cathedral,  was 
erected  in  1792-94 ;  is  a  large,  isolated, 


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203 


GLA 


five-storey,  cupola-crowned  edifice,  in  the 
Roman  -  Corinthian  style  ;  contains  15 
wards  and  283  beds  ;  and  in  the  year  1879 
treated  5285  in-door  patients,  gave  aid 
through  its  dispensary  to  32,547  patients, 
and  had  an  income  and  an  expenditure  of 
respectively  £27,153  and  £28,132.  The 
Western  Infirmary,  in  western  vicinity  of 
the  New  College,  was  opened,  incomplete, 
in  October  1874  ;  was  estimated  to  cost,  at 
completion,  not  less  than  £100,000 ;  is 
constructed  on  the  block  and  pavilion 
system ;  measures  460  feet  by  260 ; 
and  in  the  year  1876  admitted  1767 
patients,  treated  7808  out-patients,  and 
had  an  ordinary  income  and  expenditure 
of  respectively  £9993  and  £11,478.  The 
Fever  Hospital,  a  little  north  of  the  Royal 
Infirmary,  was  erected  about  1816,  is  a 
large  plain  edifice,  and  contains  11  wards 
and  267  beds.  The  Smallpox  Hospital, 
contiguous  to  the  Belvidere  Fever  Hospital, 
was  erected  in  1875-77,  at  a  cost  of  about 
£27,500 ;  comprises  5  pavilions,  each  with 
4  wards ;  and  has  accommodation  for 
about  150  patients.  The  Eye  Infirmary,  in 
Berkeley  Street,  has  70  beds  for  operation 
cases,  and  treats  annually  more  than  8000 
patients.  The  Maternity  Hospital,  at 
corner  of  North  Portland  Street  and 
Rottenrow,  was  rebu;lt  in  1880-81,  is  in 
plain  early  English  style,  has  36  beds  for  in- 
door patients,  and  treats  annually  more  than . 
1000  cases.  The'  Asylum  for  the  Blind, 
about  280  yards  north-north-west  of  the 
Cathedral,  was  erected  in  1827-28,  contains 
both  schools  and  workshops,  and  produces 
goods  worth  about  £16,000  a  year.  The 
Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  adjoin- 
ing south  side  of  Queen's  Park,  was  erected 
in  1871,  and  is  a  large  handsome  edifice  in 
the  Venetian  style.  The  Lunatic  Asylum, 
at  Gartnavel,  was  erected  in  1842  at  a  cost 
of  more  than  £45,000,  is  in  mixed  style  of 
Saxon  and  Gothic,  contains  accommoda- 
tion for  680  patients,  and  had  in  1879 
an  income  of  £28,459. 

The  City  Poorhouse,  in  Parliamentary 
Road,  was  erected  as  the  Lunatic  Asylum 
amid  a  thoroughly  rural  tract ;  lost  fitness 
for  its  purpose  by  city  extension  and  railway 
operation ;  became  the  City  Poorhouse  for 
a  payment  of  £15,000 ;  and  is  a  large  eight- 
sided  edifice,  with  radiating  wings  and  a 
central  dome.  The  Barony  Poorhouse,  in 
a  north-eastern  suburb,  is  noticed  in  our 
article  on  Barnhill.  The  Boys'  Refuge 
and  Reformatoiy,  near  corner  of  Duke 
Street  and  Craigpark  Street,  was  erected 
in  1836-38  at  a  cost  of  about  £13,000,  and 
is  a  large  edifice  in  the  Roman  style.  The 
Girls'  Refuge  and  Reformatory  is  at  Loch- 
burn,  near  Maryhill ;  the  Boys'  Industrial 
Schools  are  at  Mossbank,  Hogganfield ;  the 
Girls'  Industrial  Schools  are  in  Rottenrow ; 
a  Day  Industrial  School  is  in  Green  Street ; 
and  Reformatories  and  Industrial  Schools 
are  connected  with  the  Roman  Catholic 
churches.  The  Juvenile  Delinquency  Com- 
missioners' income  and  expenditure  in  1880 


were  respectively  £10,026  and  £9068. 
Lodging-houses,  on  a  great  scale,  well- 
constructed,  and  in  several  localities,  have 
been  erected  by  the  City  Improvement 
Trust,  and  they  yielded  in  1880  a  revenue 
of  £6990.  The  Lodging-House  Association, 
formed  in  1847,  had  several  extensive  pre- 
mises ;  possessed,  in  1877,  a  capital  of 
£9000,  and  property  worth  £20,000;  and 
was  then  dissolved  with  the  result  of  re- 
paying all  its  debenture  holders,  and  giving 
a  balance  of  nearly  £10,000  to  the  Royal 
Infirmary.  The  Public  Baths,  in  London 
Road,  were  built  in  1855,  and  renovated 
and  enlarged  in  1876,  and  have  a  swimming- 
bath  and  27  ordinary  baths.  The 
Public  Baths  and  Wash-Houses,  at  Green 
head,  were  erected  in  1877-78  at  a  cost  of 
nearly  £20,000,  and  have  2  swimming 
baths  for  respectively  males  and  females, 
15  other  baths,  and  48  washing  compart- 
ments. 

The  city's  water-supply  is  drawn  mainly 
by  pipes  from  Loch  Katrine,  and  partly 
by  gravitation  from  places  in  Renfrew- 
shire ;  has  elaborate  works,  opened  by 
Queen  Victoria  in  1859,  from  Loch  Katrine 
through  a  vast  reservoir  at  Mugdock  to 
the  city ;  involved  the  borrowing  of 
£1,35S,812  till  December  1876 ;  required 
the  Commissioners  then  to  seek  borrowing 
power  for  any  amount  short  of  £450,000 
to  make  extension  of  the  gravitation 
works  ;  and,  in  the  year  ending  28th  May 
1880,  afforded  a  daily  average  of  37,296,401 
gallons,  yielded  a  revenue  of  £140,898, 
and  involved  an  ordinary  expenditure  of 
£36,064,  and  a  payment  in  interest  and 
annuities  of  £80,880.  The  city's  sanitary 
condition  has  been  greatly  improved  by 
the  operations  of  the  Improvement  Trust, 
but  is  still  very  defective  as  regards  the 
density  of  some  old  streets  and  alleys,  and 
the  excessive  pollution  of  the  Clyde  and 
the  Kelvin.  A  bill  was  promoted  by  the 
Police  Board  in  1876-77  for  power  to 
borrow  an  additional  sum  not  exceeding 
£120,000,  to  be  applied  in  opening  up 
proper  street  communication  and  removing 
causes  of  nuisance  ;  and  another  bill  was 
promoted  in  the  same  year  for  appointing 
commissioners  to  represent  the  various 
local  authorities  throughout  the  basin  of 
the  Clyde,  to  supervise  the  action  of  these 
authorities,  to  enforce,  where  necessary, 
the  provisions  of  '  The  Rivers'  Pollution 
Prevention  Act  of  1876,'  and  to  exercise 
their  powers  over  the  entire  basin  down 
to  Gourock  and  Kilcreggan. 

The  North  British  Railway's  chief 
station,  adjacent  to  north-west  corner  of 
George  Square,  was  originally  the  western 
terminus  of  the  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow 
Railway  ;  underwent  extension  from  time 
to  time,  but  soon  became  utterly  inade- 
quate for  the  rapidly  increasing  traffic  ; 
had  the  additional  disadvantage  of  starting 
and  receiving  its  trains  through  a  long 
narrow  tunnel ;  was  proposed,  in  1877,  to 
be  so  improved  as  to  have  the  tunnel  be- 


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204 


GLA 


hind  it  laid  open,  and  so  vastly  enlarged 
as  to  extend  northward  to  Holmhead 
Street  and  eastward  to  North  Hanover 
Street ;  and,  notwithstanding  much  oppo- 
sition and  difficulty,  underwent  the 
improvement  and  much  of  the  extension 
before  the  end  of  1880.  The  excavation 
of  100,000  cubic  yards  was  made  to  open 
and  widen  the  tunnel ;  and  a  double 
departure  platform,  700  feet  long  and  32 
feet  wide,  and  four  arrival  platforms,  two 
of  them  600  feet  long,  the  other  two  500 
feet  long,  were  constructed  in  lieu  of 
previously  crowded  and  crushing  accommo- 
dation. The  North  British  Railway's 
eastern  station,  as  already  noticed,  is  in 
the  Old  College,  High  Street.— The  Cale- 
donian Railway's  old  or  original  station, 
at  head  of  Buchanan  Street,  is  little  more 
than  a  great  commodious  shed,  but 
continues  to  be  used  for  some  passenger 
trains  and  for  mineral  traffic.  That  rail- 
way's new  or  central  station,  in  Gordon 
Street,  about  1^  furlong  west  of  the  Royal 
Exchange,  is  part  of  very  extensive  works 
commenced  in  1876  ;  was  opened,  incom- 
plete, at  beginning  of  1880  ;  presents  a 
handsome  five-storied  frontage  to  Gordon 
Street,  and  minor  frontages  to  Union 
Street  and  Hope  Street ;  and  has  a  shed 
600  feet  long,  220  feet  wide,  and  65  feet 
high  to  the  roof-ridge,  three  platforms 
each  800  feet  long,  and  six  other  platforms 
each  about  500  feet  long.  A  series  of 
enormously  large  arches  carries  the  rail- 
way southward  from  the  terminus  to  the 
Clyde  ;  and  a  viaduct,  already  noticed  in 
our  paragraph  on  bridges,  takes  it  across 
the  river.  The  old  Bridge  Street  station 
for  jointly  the  Caledonian  and  the  Glasgow 
and  South-Western,  is  entered  immedi- 
ately beyond  the  viaduct,  but  has  been 
partly  dismantled.  A  new  station,  much 
longer  and  wider,  for  the  Caledonian 
alone,  is  a  little  farther  south  ;  another 
new  station,  for  jointly  the  Caledonian 
and  the  Glasgow  and  South- Western,  is 
to  the- west  of  that;  and  a  large  double 
new  station,  exclusively  Caledonian,  with 
two  sections  on  different  levels  for  differ- 
ent diverging  lines,  is  on  the  site  of  the 
quondam  Govan  poorhouse,  in  Eglinton 
Street.  The  old  South-Side  Caledonian 
station  is  now  used  mainly  for  goods  and 
mineral  traffic. — The  City  Union  Railway's 
station,  in  St.  Enoch's  Square,  was  so  far 
constructed  in  October  1876  as  to  be  then 
opened  for  traffic  ;  serves  mainly  for  the 
Glasgow  and  South- Western  by  way  of 
the  viaduct  over  the  Clyde  between  Albert 
and  Victoria  bridges,  but  connects  also 
with  the  North  British  eastward  through 
the  College  station  ;  presents  its  main 
frontage  to  the  east  side  of  St.  Enoch's 
Square,  but  extends  eastward  to  Dunlop 
Street  and  northward  from  Howard  Street 
to  the  houses  of  Argyle  Street ;  has  a  shed 
500  feet  long,  198  feet  wide,  and  80  feet 
high,  and  six  platforms  varying  from  600 
feet  to  900  feet  in  length  ;  and  is  adjoined 


by  a  very  spacious  hotel  in  the  old  Scottish 
baronial  style.  The  terminus  of  a  new 
branch  line  of  railway,  from  the  North 
British  in  vicinity  of  Maryhill,  is  adjacent 
to  the  harbour  at  foot  of  Finnieston 
Street.  A  new  railway,  from  terminus  at 
Bothwell  Street  to  Dumbarton,  was  pro- 
jected in  September  1879,  to  comprise  a 
main  line  to  Yoker,  at  an  estimated  cost 
of  £603,000,  and  connections  with  previ- 
ously existing  lines  at  an  estimated  further 
cost  of  more  than  £400,000.  A  circular 
line  of  railway  for  the  southern  suburbs, 
onward  to  Pollockshaws  and  Langside, 
with  branch  up  the  valley  of  the  Cart,  to 
be  worked  from  both  the  Central  and  the 
St.  Enoch's  stations,  was  projected  in 
November  1879,  at  an  estimated  cost  of 
£150,000.  The  street  tramways  are  well 
ramified  through  the  city,  extend  on  all 
sides  to  remote  suburbs,  and  have  19 
starting  points  for  the  cars. 

Glasgow  in  1546  had  less  population  and 
trade  than  each  of  10  other  towns  in  Scot- 
land ;  and  she  has  risen  to  her  present 
vast  predominance  entirely  through  enter- 
prise and  skill  in  manufactures  and  com- 
merce. Yet  her  progress  in  manufactures 
dates  only  from  about  1725,  or  more  fully 
from  1792  ;  and  her  progress  in  commerce 
and  in  shipbuilding  dates  only  from  about 
1812,  or  more  fully  from  about  1827.  Her 
manufactures  arose  in  successively  woollens, 
linens,  and  cottons,  but  now  comprise 
nearly  all  departments  of  industry,  and 
employ,  directly  or  indirectly,  at  least 
nine-tenths  of  all  the  able-bodied  popula- 
tion. The  factories  and  other  industrial 
establishments  are  so  numerous  and  large 
as  to  occupy  a  main  proportion  of  the  area 
of  several  districts  of  the  city,  and  to  give 
to  more  than  one-half  of  it  a  murky 
atmosphere  and  a  roaring  traffic.  The 
commerce,  for  a  long  time,  had  its  seat  at 
Port-Glasgow ;  and  even  when  it  became 
so  vigorous  as  to  require  the  deepening  of 
the  river,  up  to  the  formation  of  a  harbour 
at  the  city,  it  gave  small  promise  of  attain- 
ing its  present  magnitude.  The  harbour's 
area  at  first  was  only  4  acres,  but  increased 
to  11  in  1827,  to  42  in  1849,  to  70  in  1861 ; 
and  the  quays  at  first  were  remarkably 
short,  but  increased  to  1114  yards  in  1827, 
to  3019  in  1849,  to  4376  in  1861,  and,  with 
proportionate  enlargement  of  the  area, 
had  a  length  of  about  8500  yards  in  1880. 
The  river,  for  about  2£  miles  from  Glasgow 
Bridge,  is  now  all  harbour,  deep  enough 
for  the  largest  sea-going  ship,  presents  the 
appearance  of  an  enormous  dock,  and 
possesses  sheds,  tramways,  cranes,  and 
other  appliances,  as  fully  as  any  seaside 
first-class  harbour.  Kingston  dock,  off  the 
south  side,  has  an  area  of  9^  acres  ;  and 
Stobcross  docks,  off  the  lower  part  of  the 
north  side,  began  to  be  formed  in  1873, 
and  comprise  a  wet  dock  of  12|  acres,  and 
a  tidal  basin  of  4f  acres.  The  cost  of  the 
harbour  works,  together  with  the  deepen- 
ing and  embanking  of  the  river  down  to 


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205 


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the  firth,  till  June  30, 1872,  was  £5,594,982 ; 
and  the  cost  of  the  Stobcross  docks  alone 
was  estimated  to  be  upwards  of  £1,500,000. 
The  vessels  belonging  to  the  port  at  end 
of  1879  were  576  sailing  vessels  of  379,588 
tons,  and  607  steam  vessels  of  381,325  tons. 
The  arrivals  in  1879  were  6586  British 
vessels  of  1,956,504  tons,  and  152  foreign 
vessels  of  55,739  tons  ;  and  the  departures 
were  6935  British  vessels  of  2,104,196  tons, 
and  160  foreign  vessels  of  64,885  tons.  The 
customs  revenue  in  1880  was  £969,339. 

Glasgow  Green,  on  right  side  of  the 
Clyde,  upward  from  vicinity  of  Albert 
Bridge,  measures  fully  a  mile  in  length, 
and  about  136  acres  in  area ;  is  a  public 
park,  laid  out  in  walks  and  drives,  and 
partly  shaded  with  trees ;  and  contains 
recreation  grounds  and  a  public  gymnasium. 
Kelvingrove  or  West  End  Park,  on  the 
Kelvin,  was  formed  subsequently  to  1853  ; 
comprises  45  acres,  with  walks,  drives, 
lawns,  and  shrubberies  ;  rises,  with  variety 
of  slope,  from  low  flat  ground  adjoining 
the  river  to  a  tabular  summit  overlooked 
by  a  grand  semi-circular  sweep  of  street- 
architecture  ;  and  commands  from  its 
higher  points  a  map-like  view  of  great  part 
of  the  lower  basin  of  the  Clyde.  Alexandra 
Park,  in  north-eastern  vicinity  of  Dennis- 
ton,  was  formed  in  1870-73 ;  comprises  an 
extensive  area,  with  walks,  drives,  lawns, 
parterres,  shrubberies,  and  belts  of  young 
trees ;  and  includes  a  central  summit  rising 
from  a  broad  base,  and  commanding  a  view 
from  the  Lowther  Mountains  to  Ben- 
iomond.  The  Queen's  Park,  adjacent  to 
south  side  of  Crosshill,  was  formed  about 
1860 ;  comprises  about  100  acres,  with 
walks,  drives,  recreation  ground,  parterres, 
shrubberies,  and  young  trees ;  and  has  a 
central  roundish  summit,  reached  by  easy 
slope,  and  commanding  a  view  of  the  city, 
and  of  much  of  the  basins  of  the  Clyde  and 
the  Cart.  Eight  of  the  suburbs,  Maryhill, 
Hillhead,  Partick,  Govan,  Kinning-Park, 
Pollockshields,  Govanhill,  and  Crosshill, 
are  police  burghs,  and  lie  more  or  less 
detached  from  the  city  ;  others,  as  Toll- 
cross,  Parkhead,  Camlachie,  Shettleston, 
Springburn,  Oatlands,  Possil-Park,  Dowan- 
hill,  Whiteinch,  Ibrox,  Plantation,  and 
Strathbungo,  also  lie  more  or  less  de- 
tached ;  others,  as  Bridgeton,  Calton, 
Denniston,  Port-Dundas,  Cowcaddens, 
Anderston,  Finnieston,  Trades  ton,  Lauries- 
ton,  Gorbals,  and  Hutchesontown,  may  be 
called  sections  of  the  city  as  well  as 
suburbs ;  and  all  are  noticed  in  their  re- 
spective alphabetical  places. 

The  city  publishes  6  daily  newspapers, 
16  weekly,  and  2  monthly ;  and  has, 
within  itself  or  suburbs,  36  sub  post 
offices  with  money  order  department, 
and  10  subordinate  railway  stations.  The 
parliamentary  burgh  sends  three  members 
to  Parliament ;  and  the  University  unites 
with  that  of  Aberdeen  in  sending  another. 
The  rental  in  1879-80,  within  the  parlia- 
mentary burgh,  was  £3,313,940 ;  within 


the  royalty,  beyond  the  parliamentary 
burgh,  £92,068.  The  ordinary  revenue  and 
expenditure  of  the  City  Corporation,  in 
the  year  ending  May  31,  1880,  were  re- 
spectively £21,281  and  £14,408;  the  ex- 
traordinary revenue  and  expenditure 
respectively  £9673  and  £3692 ;  the  amount 
of  assessments  under  special  statutes, 
£23,042.  The  value  of  the  Corporation 
property,  at  that  date,  was  £1,213.379 ; 
the  amount  of  debt  upon  it,  £889,671. 
Pop.  of  the  parliamentary  burgh,  in  1871, 
477,156,  in  1881,  487,988;  of  the  city 
and  suburbs,  in  1871,  547,538,  in  1881, 
675,299. 

GLASGOW  AND  GARNKIRK  RAILWAY, 

earliest  railway  formed  in  Scotland,  opened 
in  September  1831,  vested  in  the  Cale- 
donian Company  in  1845,  and  now  forming 
greater  portion  of  their  line  from  Glasgow 
to  Coatbridge. 

GLASGOW  AND  GREENOCK  RAILWAY, 
railway  from  south  side  of  Glasgow  west- 
ward through  Paisley  to  Greenock.  It  is 
22f  miles  long,  and  includes  some  elaborate 
and  costly  works.  It  was  authorized  in 
1837  on  a  capital  of  £400,000  in  shares  and 
£133,333  in  loans  ;  required  a  much  larger 
amount  for  construction ;  was  opened  in 
March  1841 ;  passed  soon  to  the  Caledonian 
Company  at  reduced  capital  of  £649,421 ; 
and  cost,  till  July  31,  1853,  £856,458. 
The  portion  of  it  from  Glasgow  to  Paisley 
is  common  to  the  Caledonian  and  to  the 
Glasgow  and  South-Western. 

GLASGOW  AND  MILNGAVIE  JUNCTION, 
branch  railway,  upwards  of  3  miles  long, 
from  Glasgow,  Dumbarton,  and  Helens- 
burgh line,  northward  to  Milngavie.  It 
was  opened  in  April  1863. 

GLASGOW  AND  SOUTH  -  WESTERN 
RAILWAY,  railway  system  from  south 
side  of  Glasgow  to  south-western  coast 
and  south-eastward  to  English  border. 
It  commenced  with  a  line  to  Ayr,  com- 
pleted in  1840  ;  it  includes  a  line  through 
Kilmarnock  and  Dumfries  to  a  junction 
with  the  Caledonian  at  Gretna,  with 
running  powers  thence  to  Carlisle ;  it 
comprises  also  lines  or  branches  to 
Greenock,  Girvan,  Dalmellington,  New- 
milns,  Muirkirk,  Castle  -  Douglas,  and 
Kirkcudbright,  and  some  cross  or  shorter 
Jines ;  and  it  combines  them  chiefly  on 
grounds  of  amalgamation.  Its  stock  and 
share  capital,  in  1879-80,  was  £7,457,605  ; 
its  ordinary  capital,  £4,927,710  ;  its  loans 
and  debenture  stock,  £2,314,369. 

GLASGOW,  DUMBARTON,  AND 
HELENSBURGH  RAILWAY,  railway  from 
junction  with  the  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow 
at  Cowlairs,  12|  miles  westward  to  Bowl- 
ing, thence  3f  miles  along  previous  railway 
to  Dalreoch  junction,  and  thence  7j  miles 
to  Helensburgh.  It  was  opened  in  1858, 
and  it  belongs  to  the  North  British 
system. 

GLASGOW,  PAISLEY,  AND  JOHNSTONE 
CANAL,  canal,  11  miles  long,  west-south- 
westward  from  Port-Eglinton,  in  south 


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206 


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side  of  Glasgow.  It  was  designed  to  be 
cut  to  Ardrossan,  but  was  stopped  at 
J ohnstone.  It  lies  all  on  one  level ;  it 
was  opened  in  1811 ;  it  served  till  the 
railway  times  for  much  passenger  traffic ; 
and  it  was  purchased  by  the  Glasgow  and 
South-Western  Railway  Company  in  1869. 

GLASHVEN,  hill,  1516  feet  high,  in 
south-east  of  Morvern  parish,  Argyleshire. 

GLASLAW,  hill  and  burn  in  Dunnottar 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

GLASLET,  mountain  on  south-west  side 
of  Hell's  Glen,  Argyleshire. 

GLASLOCH,  lake,  emitting  head-stream 
of  Brora  river,  Sutherland. 

GLASNOCK,  affluent  of  the  Lugar  at 
Cumnock,  and  seat  If  mile  south  of  that 
town,  in  Ayrshire. 

GLASS,  hamlet  in  Aberdeenshire,  and 
parish  partly  also  in  Banffshire.  The 
hamlet  lies  6  miles  west  of  Huntly,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Huntly,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  91  scholars.  —  The  parish 
measures  about  8  miles  by  5,  and  com- 
prises 7886  acres  in  Aberdeenshire,  and 
4708  in  Banffshire.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £2616  and  £1453.  Pop.  654  and 
366.  The  surface,  as  seen  from  certain 
points,  looks  to  be  all  hill  and  moor,  with 
summits  upwards  of  1200  feet  high ;  but 
it  includes  about  3600  acres  of  arable  land. 
Several  large  cairns  are  on  the  hills.  There 
are  3  schools  for  238  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  for  70  is  new. 

GLASS,  river  in  north-east  of  Inverness- 
shire.  It  issues  from  Loch  Affrick,  runs 
about  16  miles  north-eastward,  and  unites 
with  the  Farrar  to  form  the  Beauly. 

GLASS,  lake,  5  miles  long,  in  Kiltearn 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

GLASSARY,  hamlet  and  parish  in 
Argyleshire.  The  hamlet  lies  on  Add 
rivulet,  5  miles  north  of  Lochgilphead, 
bears  the  name  of  Kilmichael-Glassary, 
was  long  a  baronial  capital,  and  now  has  a 
post  office  under  Lochgilphead,  a  parochial 
church  with  1500  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  83  scholars. — The  parish 
contains  also  Lochgilphead  town,  extends 
16  miles  along  Loch  Fyne,  is  bounded  on 
north-west  side  by  upper  part  of  Loch 
Awe,  has  a  breadth  of  from  8  to  10  miles, 
and  includes  the  larger  parts  of  the  quoad 
sacra  parishes  of  Lochgilphead  and  Cum- 
lodden.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £19,671. 
Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  4342 ;  quoad  sacra, 
1478.  The  surface  is  mostly  upland, 
but  includes  a  long  vale  ascending  from 
200  to  nearly  600  feet  above  sea-level,  and 
flanked  by  partially  wooded  acclivities. 
Interesting  objects  are  Sir  John  C.  Orde's 
seat  of  Kilmory,  three  other  commodious 
mansions,  the  ancestors  of  the  poet 
Campbell's  residence  of  Kirnan,  ruins  of 
4  ancient  churches,  remains  of  3  watch- 
towers,  and  several  Caledonian  cairns  and 
standing  -  stones.  Established  churches 
are  at  Lochgilphead  and  Cumlodden,  and 
Episcopalian,  Free,  and  Baptist  churches 


are  at  Lochgilphead.  4  schools  for  316 
scholars  are  in  Glassary  quoad  sacra,  and 
3  of  them  for  220  are  new. 

GLASSAUGH,  seat  in  Fordyce  parish, 
Banffshire. 

GLASSEL,  railway  station  and  seat,  21| 
miles  west-south-west  of  Aberdeen. 

GLASS-ELLAN,  low  verdant  islet  in 
Loch  Alsh,  Ross-shire. 

GLASSERT,  seat  on  Loch  Ard,  south- 
west verge  of  Perthshire. 

GLASSERT,  Stirlingshire.  See  Glazert. 

GLASSERTON,  hamlet  and  parish  on 
south-east  coast  of  Wigtonshire.  The 
hamlet  lies  2  miles  south-south-west  of 
"Whithorn,  and  has  a  post  office  designated 
of  Wigtonshire,  a  parochial  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  90  scholars. — 
The  parish  contains  also  Monreith  village, 
measures  7|  miles  by  3|,  and  comprises 
13,284  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£14,424.  Pop.  1203.  The  coast  is  6| 
miles  long,  mostly  bold  and  rocky,  and 
partly  cavernous.  The  interior  is  slightly 
hilly,  mostly  knolly,  and  all  uneven.  The 
seats  are  Physgill,  Ravenstone,  and  Craig- 
dow.  There  are  3  schools  with  accommo- 
dation for  198  scholars. 

GLASSFORD,  parish  in  middle  ward  of 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  railway  station  of 
its  own  name,  3  miles  north  of  Strathaven, 
and  contains  the  post  office  village  of 
Chapelton,  and  the  villages  of  Westquarter 
and  Heads.  Its  length  is  8  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  3f  miles ;  its  area  6442 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,230. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1452;  quoad  sacra, 
670.  The  surface  is  partly  a  beautiful 
strath  adjacent  to  the  Avon,  and 
partly  an  expanse  of  moor  extensively 
bleak  and  barren.  The  chief  residences 
are  Muirburn,  Crutherland,  Avonholm, 
Westquarter  House,  Hallhill,  Craigthorn- 
hill,  and  Heads  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities 
are  3  Caledonian  standing-stones  and  the 
site  of  an  ancient  castle.  The  churches 
are  2  Established  and  1  Free.  There  are 
3  schools  for  276  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
for  140  is  new. 

GLASSLETTER,  lake  in  Kintail  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

GLASSMILE,  or  GLASSMEAL,  mountain, 
3502  feet  high,  at  meeting-point  of  Aber- 
deenshire, Forfarshire,  and  Perthshire. 

GLASSMOUNT,  hiU  and  seat  in  Kinghorn 
parish,  Fife. 

GLASVEN,  mountain,  2543  feet  high, 
in  north-east  of  Assynt  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

GLAUDHALL,  seat  in  Cadder  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

GLAZERT,  rivulet  rising  among  Campsie 
Fells,  and  entering  the  Kelvin  opposite 
Kirkintilloch. 

GLAZERT,  rivulet,  running  11  miles 
southward  and  south-westward  to  the 
Annock,  4  miles  below  Stewarton,  Ayrshire. 

GLEBE,  burn  in  Walston  parish,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

GLEN,  village,  2  miles  south  of  Falkirk 


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207 


GLE 


Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Falkirk.    Pop.  319. 

GLEN,  seat  in  Traquair  parish,  Peebles- 
shire. 

GLEN,  upper  portion  of  Urie  river, 
Aberdeenshire. 

GLEN,  rivulet,  running  to  the  sea, 
in  Barvas  parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

GLENACARDOCH,  headland  near  middle 
of  west  coast  of  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

GLENAE,  seat  in  Tinwald  parish,  Dum- 
f  risssiiirc 

GLEN AFFRICK,  glen,  traversed  by  Affrick 
rivulet  to  Strathglass,  Inverness-shire. 

GLENAFTON,  glen,  traversed  by  Afton 
rivulet,  Ayrshire. 

GLENAHEURICH,  fine  pastoral  glen, 
with  lake,  in  Sunart  district,  Argyleshire. 

GLENALBERT,  scene  of  Mrs.  Brunton's 
Self-Control,  miles  north  of  Dunkeld, 
Perthshire. 

GLENALLA,  hill,  1406  feet  high,  4  miles 
south-west  of  Straiton,  Ayrshire. 

GLENALLADALE,  glen,  descending  to 
Loch  Shiel,  on  south  -  west  border  of 
Inverness-shire. 

GLENALMOND,  either  loosely  all  the 
upper  half  of  tract  traversed  by  Almond 
river,  Perthshire,  or  strictly  a  chasmic 
profound  pass,  1\  miles  long,  ending  at  4^ 
miles  north-north-east  of  Crieff,  or  distinc- 
tively the  place  of  the  Episcopal  College, 
3^  miles  east  of  that  pass  ;  and,  in  the  last 
of  these  senses,  it'  has  a  post  office  with 
money  order  department  under  Perth,  and 
extensive  costly  college  buildings. 

GLENALOT,  small  glen,  15  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Dornoch,  Sutherland. 

GLENAMPLE,  glen,  traversed  by  Ample 
rivulet  to  Loch  Earn,  Perthshire. 

GLENAPP,  fine  glen,  traversed  by  App 
rivulet,  6  miles  south-westward  to  Loch 
Kyan,  at  south-western  extremity  of  Ayr- 
shire. It  contains  a  post  office  under 
Girvan,  a  mansion  of  its  own  name,  a  quoad 
sacra  parochial  church  for  a  pop.  of  192, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  38  scholars. 

GLENARAY,  either  the  glen  of  the 
rivulet  Aray,  or  the  entire  basin  of  that 
rivulet,  or  the  landward  part  of  Inverary 
parish,  Argyleshire.  It  is  sometimes,  in 
the  last  of  these  senses,  regarded  as  a 
separate  parish. 

GLENARBUCK,  seat  in  Old  Kilpatrick 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

GLENARCHAIG,  glen,  occupied  by  Loch 
Archaig,  Inverness-shire. 

GLENARKLET,  glen,  descending  from 
Loch  Arklet  to  Inversnaid,  between  Loch 
Katrine  and  Loch  Lomond. 

GLENARTNEY,  glen,  traversed  by  Ru- 
chill  rivulet  to  south  side  of  Comrie, 
Perthshire. 

GLENASHADALE,  glen,  descending  to 
Whiting  Bay,  in  south-east  of  Arran, 
Buteshire. 

GLENASSYNT,  glen,  descending  to  head 
of  Loch  Assynt,  in  Sutherland. 

GLENAVEN,  alpine  glen,  descending 
from  Cairngorm  Mountains,  and  traversed 


by  Aven  river,  in  south-west  extremity  of 
Banffshire. 

GLENAVON,  seat  near  Larkhall,  Lanark- 
shire. 

GLENBANCHOR,  glen  in  Kingussie  par- 
ish, Inverness-shire. 

GLENBARR,  hamlet  and  seat  in  Killean 
parish,  Kintyre,  Argyleshire.  The  hamlet 
has  a  post  office  designated  of  Argyleshire. 

GLENBARRY,  railway  station,  W\  miles 
south-west  of  Banff. 

GLENBEG,  section  of  Glenelg  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

GLENBEICH,  ravine,  with  fine  cascade, 
on  north  flank  of  Loch  Earn,  Perthshire. 

GLENBENNAN,  lofty  hill-ridge  in  Kirk- 
patrick-Irongray  parish,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

GLENBERVIE,  parish,  containing  Drum- 
lithie  post  office  village,  in  Kincardine- 
shire. Its  length  is  miles  ;  its  breadth 
5  miles ;  its  area  15,041  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £10,003.  Pop.  972. 
The  surface  is  uneven  and  hilly,  and 
includes  a  low  ridge  of  the  Grampians. 
The  churches  are  Established,  Free,  and 
Episcopalian.  There  are  4  schools  for  249 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  60  is  new. 

GLENBOIG,  village,  2>\  miles  north-north- 
west of  Coatbridge,  Lan  arkshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Coatbridge,  and  a  railway 
station  opened  in  1880.    Pop.  934. 

GLENBRAN,  hill-tract  annexed  quoad 
sacra  to  Abernyte  parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENBRANTIR,  seat  in  Strachur  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

GLENBRECKRY,  vale  in  Southend  parish, 
Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

GLENBRIARACHAN,  glen  in  Moulin 
parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENBRIGHTY,  alpine  glen  on  west 
border  of  Forfarshire,  near  meeting-point 
with  Aberdeenshire  and  Perthshire. 

GLENBUCK,  village,  4J  miles  ea  st-north- 
east  of  Muirkirk,  on  east  verge  of  Ayr- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Lanark,  a 
railway  station,  and  ironworks.    Pop.  858. 

GLENBUCKET,  parish,  containing  Bridge 
of  Bucket  post  office,  on  west  border  of 
Aberdeenshire.  Its  length  is  8  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  3  miles ;  its  area  11,084 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £1883. 
Pop.  506.  The  surface  is  conterminate 
with  the  basin  of  Bucket  rivulet ;  consists 
of  a  partially  arable  glen  engirt  by  moun- 
tains ;  and  admits  ingress  by  only  a  narrow 
pass  in  the  east.  Objects  of  interest  are 
a  hunting-lodge  of  the  Earl  of  Fife,  the 
ruined  ancient  castle  of  Glenbucket,  and 
the  site  of  the  ancient  castle  of  Badenyon. 
There  are  3  schools  with  accommodation 
for  140  scholars. 

GLENBUCKIE,  glen  and  seat  in  Bal- 
quhidder  parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENBURN,  seat  in  Jedburgh  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

GLENCAINAIL,  glen,  with  lake,  at  south- 
east side  of  Benmore,  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

GLENCAIRN,  parish,  containing  Minnie- 


GLE 


208 


GLE 


hive  village,  on  west  border  of  Dumfries- 
shire. Its  length  is  13f  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  1\  miles  ;  its  area  30,083  acres. 
Keal  property  in  1880-81,  £19,234.  Pop. 
1737.  The  surface  is  chiefly  mountainous 
or  hilly,  but  includes  three  convergent 
vales  in  the  north  and  a  fine  valley  in  the 
south.  The  seats  are  Maxwelltown,  Craig- 
darroch,  Auchenchain,  and  Crawfordton ; 
and  the  principal  antiquity  is  a  tumulus 
called  by  Grose  the  Bow-butts.  The 
churches  are  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian,  and  the  public  schools  are  4 
with  about  280  scholars.  The  parish  gave 
the  title  of  earl  from  1503  till  1796  to  a 
branch  of  the  family  of  Cunningham. 

GLENCANNICH,  long  glen,  with  lakes 
and  tarns,  south-westward  from  head  of 
Strathglass,  Inverness-shire. 

GLENCAPLE,  village  on  the  Nith,  5 
miles  south  of  Dumfries.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Dumfries,  an  inn,  and  a  Free 
church,  and  carries  on  some  shipbuilding 
and  commerce. 

GLEN  CARREL,  small  glen  near  Glenalot, 
Sutherland. 

GLENCARRICK,  cascade  on  Duncow 
burn,  in  Kirkmahoe  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

GLENCARRON,  glen,  traversed  by  river 
Carron,  and  railway  station  there  17 
miles  north-east  of  Strome-Ferry,  Ross- 
shire. 

GLENCARSE,  railway  station,  post 
office  with  money  order  department  under 
Perth,  and  mansion,  6  miles  east  of 
Perth. 

GLENCATACOL,  glen  in  north-west  of 
Arran.  Buteshire. 

GLENCHATT,  hill-vale  in  Birse  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

GLENCLOVA,  glen,  traversed  by  upper 
reach  of  South  Esk  river  through  Benchin- 
nan  Mountains,  Forfarshire. 

GLENCLOY,  deep  dark  ravine,  descend- 
ing north-eastward  to  Brodick,  in  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire. 

GLENCOE,  deep  dark  weird  mountain- 
glen,  descending  9  miles  westward  to 
vicinity  of  Ballachulish,  on  north  border 
of  Argyleshire.  Its  lower  part  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Argyleshire,  a 
chapel-of-ease,  and  a  Free  church,  and  was 
the  scene  of  a  notorious  massacre  in  the 
winter  of  1691-92. 

GLENCONA,  glen,  descending  south- 
south-eastward  to  vicinity  of  Corran  Ferry, 
in  Ardgour  district,  Argyleshire. 

GLENCONRY,  glen,  with  chalybeate 
spring,  in  Strathdon  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GLENCONVINTH,  glen  in  Kiltarlity 
parish,  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  110  scholars,  and  vestiges 
of  an  ancient  nunnery. 

GLENCORSE.    See  Glencross. 

GLENCOTHO,  small  glen  in  Glenholm 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

GLENCOUL,wildmountain-glen,descend- 
ing  9  miles  west-south-westward  to  head 


of  Kyle-Skow,  and  partly  occupied  by  the 
Kyles  branch  of  Loch  Coul,  in  south-west 
of  Sutherland. 

GLENCRAGGACH,  glen,  with  millstone 
quarry,  in  Reay  parish,  Caithness. 

GLENCRAIGIE,  glen  and  burn  in  Tweeds- 
muir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

GLEN CRER AN,  long  glen  of  Creran  river 
and  loch,  descending  toward  Loch  Linnhe, 
in  Argyleshire. 

GLENCRIEFF  (NEW  and  OLD),  mining 
localities  at  Wanlockhead,  Dumfriesshire. 

GLENCROE,  glen,  descending  5^  miles 
south-eastward  to  head  of  Loch  Long, 
Argyleshire. 

GLENCROSS,  parish,  with  railway  sta- 
tion, 1^  mile  west  of  Roslin,  Edinburgh- 
shire. Its  post  town  is  Roslin.  Its  length 
is  3^  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3J  miles  ; 
its  area  4276  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £16,640.  Pop.  1500.  The 
western  section  is  mainly  a  portion  of  the 
Pentland  Hills ;  other  sections  are  a  pic- 
turesque diversity  of  hill  and  dale ;  and 
the  centre  from  west  to  east  is  a  pictur- 
esque vale  traversed  by  Glencross  burn 
toward  the  North  Esk,  and  containing 
what  some  persons  have  supposed  to  be 
the  Habbie's  How  of  Ramsay's  Gentle 
Shepherd.  The  limits  include  Crawley 
spring,  a  large  reservoir  of  Edinburgh 
waterworks,  Rullion  Green,  Greenlaw 
Barracks,  and  the  mansions  of  Glencross, 
Loganbank,  Bellwood,  Bush,  and  "YVood- 
houselee.  The  public  school  has  accommo- 
dation for  180  scholars. 

GLENDALE,  vale  in  Duirinish  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Portree. 

GLENDARUEL,  glen,  traversed  by  Ruel 
rivulet  southward  to  head  of  Loch  Riddan, 
in  Cowal,  Argyleshire.  It  contains  a  post 
office  and  a  mansion  of  its  own  name,  the 
former  under  Greenock. 

GLENDEAN,  deep  narrow  ravine  in 
Traquair  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

GLENDEARG,  glen  in  north  of  Blair- 
Athole  parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENDEBADEL,  bay  in  north-west  of 
Jura  Island,  Argyleshire. 

GLENDELVINE,  seat  in  Caputh  parish, 
Perthshire. 

GLENDERRY,  alpine  glen  among  Cairn- 
gorm Mountains,  at  head  of  Braemar,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

GLENDEVON,  parish  on  south-east  bor- 
der of  Perthshire,  between  Auchterarder 
and  Clackmannanshire.  Its  post  town  is 
Dollar.  Its  length  is  5^  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  4  miles ;  its  area  9133  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £3233.  Pop. 
147.  The  surface  lies  wholly  among 
the  Ochils.  The  public  school  can  accom- 
modate 34  scholars. 

GLENDHU.    See  Glendow. 

GLENDINNING,  estate,  with  remains  of 
old  castle,  in  Westerkirk  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

GLENDOCHART,  glen,  traversed  by 
Dochart  river,  and  overhung  by  Benmore, 


GLE 


209 


GLE 


in  Killin  parish,  Perthshire.  It  contains 
a  railway  station,  2  inns,  3  mansions,  and 
a  public  school. 

GLENDOICK,  hamlet  in  Errol  parish, 
and  neighbouring  seat  in  Kinfauns,  Perth- 
shire. The  hamlet  has  a  post  office  under 
Perth. 

GLENDOLL,  alpine  glen  in  Clova  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

GLENDORCH,  place,  with  site  of  ancient 
castle,  in  Crawfordjohn  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

GLENDOUGLAS,  picturesque  glen,  de- 
scending 5  miles  eastward  to  Loch  Lomond, 
at  3  miles  north  of  Luss,  Diimbartonshire. 

GLENDOUGLAS,  glen,  descending  7  miles 
eastward  to  Loch  Fyne,  at  3  miles  south  of 
Inverary,  Argyleshire. 

GLENDOUGLAS,  glen,  descending  6 
miles  south-eastward  to  the  Yarrow,  at 
2  miles  from  foot  of  St.  Mary's  Loch, 
Selkirkshire. 

GLENDOUNE,  seat  adjacent  to  Girvan, 
Ayrshire. 

GLENDOVAN.    See  Glendevon. 
GLENDOW,  glen,  7  miles  long,  in  Mor- 
vern  parish,  Argyleshire. 

GLENDOW,  glen,  traversed  by  head- 
stream  of  the  Forth,  in  north-west  ex- 
tremity of  Stirlingshire. 

GLENDOW,  glen,  descending  westward 
to  head  of  Loch  Dow  branch  of  Kyle- 
Skow,  Sutherland. 

GLENDOW,  or  6LENTENDAL,  glen  in 
Ardchattan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

GLENDRONACH,  place,  with  extensive 
distillery,  in  Forgue  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GLENDUCKIE,  hamlet  and  hill  in  Flisk 
parish,  Fife. 

GLENDUROR,  vale,  traversed  by  Duror 
rivulet,  in  Appin,  Argyleshire. 

GLENDUTHILL,  seat  in  eastern  vicinity 
of  Glasgow. 

GLENDYE,  vale,  traversed  by  Dye 
rivulet,  and  containing  a  public  school,  in 
Strachan  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

GLENEACHAIG,  glen,  traversed  by  Ea- 
chaig  rivulet  to  head  of  Holy  Loch,  in 
Cowal,  Argyleshire. 

GLENEAGLES,  glen,  seat,  public  school, 
and  ruined  ancient  church,  in  Blackford 
parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENEARN,  seat  and  ruined  ancient 
chapel  in  Dron  parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENEFFOCK,  branch  of  Glenesk,  among 
Benchinnan  mountains,  Forfarshire. 

GLENELCHAIG,  alpine  district,  includ- 
ing Glen  of  Elchaig  streamlet,  and  pro- 
found cascade  of  Glomach,  in  Kintail 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

GLENELG,  village  and  parish  on  west 
ceast  of  Inverness-shire.  The  village 
stands  on  small  bay  of  its  own  name, 
adjacent  to  Kyle-Rhea  ferry  to  Skye ; 
is  near  the  ruined  strong  barracks  of 
Bernera ;  has  a  post  office  under  Lochalsh, 
an  inn,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  64  scholars; 
and  gave  the  peerage  title  of  baron  in  1835 
to  the  distinguished  statesman  Charles 


Grant.  —  The  parish  contains  also  the 
hamlets  of  Arnisdale  and  Inverie  ;  com- 
prehends the  three  districts  of  Glenelg- 
proper,  Knoydart,  and  North  Morar,  with 
intersecting  sea-lochs  of  Hourn  and  Nevis ; 
and  measures  about  20  miles  in  both  length 
and  breadth.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,750.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1601 ;  quoad 
sacra,  1164.  The  coast,  except  on  Glen- 
elg  Bay  and  the  sea-lochs,  is  mostly  high 
and  rocky ;  the  interior  is  mountainous 
and  extensively  picturesque  ;  and  Glenelg- 
proper  comprises  two  glens,  Glenmore  and 
Glenbeg.  The  chief  residence  is  Inverie  ; 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  two  well- 
preserved  Scandinavian  round  towers.  A 
quoad  sacra  parochial  church  is  in  Knoy- 
dart, and  a  Roman  Catholic  church  is  in 
Morar.  There  are  6  schools  for  296 
scholars,  and  4  of  them  and  an  enlarge- 
ment for  200  are  new. 

GLENELLRIG,  seat  in  Slamannan  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

GLENENNICH,  alpine  glen,  with  several 
lakes,  in  Rothiemurchus  parish,  Inverness- 
shire. 

GLENENOCH,  branch  of  Glenesk,  among 
Benchinnan  Mountains,  Forfarshire. 

GLENERICHKIE,  glen  of  Erichkie  rivu- 
let, with  public  school,  in  Blair-Athole 
parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENERICHT,  glen,  traversed  by  Ericht 
river,  in  north-east  of  Perthshire. 

GLENESK,  glen,  traversed  by  upper  part 
of  North  Esk  river,  among  Benchinnan 
Mountains,  Forfarshire. 

GLENESLIN,  affluent  of  the  Cairn,  in 
Dunscore  parish,  Dumfriesshire.  A  public 
school  is  on  it,  and  has  about  50  scholars. 

GLENESPIG,  wild  glen  on  west  side  of 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

GLENETIVE,  glen,  traversed  by  Etive 
river  to  head  of  Loch  Etive,  Argyleshire. 

GLENEUCHAR,  glen  of  Euchar  rivulet, 
in  Kilninver  parish,  Argyleshire. 

GLENFAIRNESS,  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Leven  on  Findhorn  river,  in  Ardclach 
parish,  Nairnshire.  A  curious  ancient 
sculptured  obelisk  is  near  it. 

GLENFALLOCH,  glen,  traversed  by 
Falloch  rivulet,  southward  to  head  of 
Loch  Lomond.  Glenfalloch  and  Old 
Glenfalloch  mansions  are  in  its  lower  part. 

GLENFARG,  deep  narrow  wooded  vale 
among  the  Ochils,  northward  to  vicinity 
of  Abernethy,  Perthshire. 

GLENFARNAT,  glen,  descending  6  miles 
to  head  of  Strathardle,  in  north-east  of 
Perthshire. 

GLENFARQUHAR,  glen  and  braes  in 
Fordoun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

GLENFAS,  glen  on  west  side  of  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire. 

GLENFENDER,  alpine  glen,  with  fine 
cascades,  in  Blair-Athole  parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENFERNISDALE,  glen,  with  old 
military  road,  descending  northward  to 
Strathspey,  in  south-western  vicinity  of 
Kingussie,  Inverness-shire. 

GLENFESHIE,  glen,  traversed  by  Feshie 
O 


GLE 


210 


GLE 


rivulet  and  a  mountain  road,  in  north- 
east of  Badenoch,  Inverness-shire. 

GLENFIDDICH,  vale  of'Fiddich  river, 
Banffshire. 

GLENFINLAS,  alpine  glen,  once  a  royal 
hunting-ground,  flanked  by  Benledi  and 
Benawn,  and  descending  5  miles  south- 
south-eastward  to  foot  of  Loch  Achray, 
in  Callander  parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENFINLAS,  glen,  descending  4  miles 
to  west  side  of  Loch  Lomond  at  miles 
south  of  Luss,  Dumbartonshire. 

GLENFINNAN,  glen,  descending  4|  miles 
south-westward  to  Loch  Shiel,  Inverness- 
shire.  Its  mouth,  16  miles  west-north- 
west of  Fort- William,  was  the  place  where 
Prince  Charles  Edward  first  raised  his 
standard  in  1745,  and  has  a  monument  of 
him,  a  post  office  under  Fort-William,  an 
inn,  and  a  small  Roman  Catholic  church 
of  1873. 

GLENFINNART,  seat  and  glen  on  west 
side  of  Loch  Long,  adjacent  to  Ardentinny, 
Argyleshire. 

GLENFINTAIG,  two  seats,  house  and 
lodge,  on  left  side  of  Loch  Lochy,  Great 
Glen,  Inverness-shire. 

GLENFOOT,  village  in  Abernethy  parish, 
Perthshire. 

GLENFORSA,  glen  of  Forsa  rivulet, 
Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

GLENFRUIN,  basin  of  Fruin  rivulet, 
part  glen  and  part  vale,  descending  to 
west  side  of  Loch  Lomond  at  4f  miles 
south  of  Luss,  Dumbartonshire.  It  was 
the  scene  of  a  sanguinary  fight,  in  1602,  be- 
tween the  Colquhouns  and  the  Macgregors. 

GLENFYNE,  alpine  glen,  descending  6 
miles  south-south-westward  to  head  of 
Loch  Fyne,  Argyleshire. 

GLENGABBER,  small  glen,  descending 
to  Megget  rivulet,  on  south  border  of 
Peeblesshire. 

GLENGAIRN,  glen,  ancient  parish,  and 
quoad  sacra  parish,  in  south-west  of  Aber- 
deenshire. The  glen  commences  among 
the  Cairngorm  Mountains,  and  descends 
15  miles  eastward  and  south-eastward  to 
the  Dee,  at  Lj  mile  above  Ballater.  The 
ancient  parish  lies  around  the  lower  part 
of  the  glen,  and  is  annexed  to  Glenmuick. 
The  quoad  sacra  parish  comprises  the 
ancient  one,  and  small  part  of  Crathie, 
and  contains  the  post  office  of  Bridge  of 
Gairn,  under  Aberdeen,  an  old  baronial 
fortalice,  Established  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
60  scholars.    Pop.  454. 

GLENGARNOCX,  town  on  Garnock  river, 
3  miles  north-by-east  of  Dairy,  Ayrshire. 
It  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  Ayr- 
shire, extensive  ironworks,  a  United  Pres- 
byterian church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  401  scholars.  Pop.  870.  Glen- 
garnock  Castle,  in  its  vicinity,  is  a  ruined 
ancient  strong  baronial  fortalice. 

GLENGARNOCK,  or  KILBIRNIE  STA- 
TION, village  near  Glengarnock  town, 
Ayrshire.    Pop.  406. 


GLENGARREL,  ravine,  traversed  by 
Garvald  rivulet,  Dumfriesshire. 

GLENGARRISSDALE,  bay  in  north-west 
of  Jura  Island,  Argyleshire. 

GLENGARRY,  glen  and  quoad  sacra  par- 
ish in  Inverness-shire.  The  glen  is  partly 
occupied  by  Loch  Garry,  partly  traversed 
by  Garry  rivulet ;  has  picturesque  features 
of  water,  wood,  and  mountain ;  and  de- 
scends about  11  miles  eastward  to  Inver- 
garry,  on  Loch  Oich,  in  Great  Glen. — The 
parish  extends  beyond  the  glen,  includes 
Invergarry,  and  has  Established  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  2  public 
schools  with  accommodation  for  130 
scholars.    Pop.  627.    See  Invergarry. 

GLENGARRY,  glen,  traversed  by  Garry 
river,  Perthshire. 

GLENGLASS,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Alness  parish,  Ross-shire. 

GLENGLOY,  deep  mountain  -  glen,  de- 
scending 7  miles  to  left  side  of  Loch  Lochy, 
Great  Glen,  Inverness-shire.  It  has,  at  1278 
feet  above  sea-level,  a  terrace  seeming  to 
be  the  margin  of  an  ancient  lake. 

GLENGOLIE,  sequestered  glen  in  south 
of  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

GLENGONAR,  rivulet  and  hill  -  vale, 
descending  from  vicinity  of  Leadhills  to 
the  Clyde,  in  vicinity  of  Abington,  Lanark- 
shire. 

GLENGYLE,  mountain-glen,  descending 
4  miles  south-eastward  to  Loch  Katrine, 
on  mutual  boundary  of  Perthshire  and 
Stirlingshire.  It  has  wild  torrents  in 
times  of  rain,  and  contains  a  ruined  castle. 

GLENHALMIDEL,  winding  glen,  with 
slate  quarry,  in  north  of  Arran  Island, 
Buteshire. 

GLENHALTIN,  glen,  partly  arable,  in 
Snizort  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

GLENHEAD,  village  in  Lochwinnoch 
parish,  Renfrewshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  44  scholars. 

GLENHIGTON,  small  glen  in  Glenholm 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

GLENHILL,  shoulder  of  Criffel  Moun- 
tain, crowned  with  columnar  monument 
to  Wellington  and  his  army,  near  New- 
abbey,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

GLENHINISTIL,  glen  in  Snizort  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

GLENHOLM,  parish,unitedtoBroughton, 
Peeblesshire.  It  is  mostly  a  pastoral  vale, 
nearly  7  miles  long,  with  small  lateral  hill 
glens ;  and  it  has  a  public  school  with  about 

GLENHOWAN,  hamlet  in  Caerlaverock 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

GLENIFFER,  mural  ravine  and  group  of 
braes,  forming  part  of  Fereneze  Hills,  2 
miles  south-west  of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 
The  braes  figure  in  the  history  and  songs 
of  Tannahill ;  have  a  monument  to  Hugh 
Macdonald,  a  handsome  drinking-fountain, 
erected  in  1877 ;  and  contain  a  large 
reservoir  of  Paisley  waterworks,  begun  to 
be  formed  in  October  1879. 

GLENIGAG,  glen  in  extreme  west  of 
Contin  parish,  Ross-shire. 


GLE 


211 


GLE 


GLENIORSA,  glen,  descending  7  miles 
south-south- west  ward  to  Mauchry  Bay,  in 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

GLENISLA,  hamlet  and  parish  on  west 
border  of  Forfarshire.  The  hamlet  lies 
on  Isla  river,  1\  miles  north  of  Alyth, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Alyth, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  81  scholars. — The 
parish  measures  14  miles  by  5f ,  and  com- 
prises 41,242  acres.  Beal  property  in 
1880-81,  £11,941.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
791 ;  quoad  sacra,  464.  The  surface 
consists  of  the  upper  parts  of  the  basin 
of  the  Isla,  is  mostly  bounded  by  lofty 
watersheds  of  the  Grampians,  and  is 
mainly  a  group  of  mountain  glens  and 
vales.  A  chief  object  is  the  ruin  of  Fortar 
Castle,  long  a  notable  mountain  keep  of 
the  Ogilvies  of  Airlie.  There  are  3  schools 
with  accommodation  for  218  scholars. 

GLENKENS,  northern  district  of  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. It  is  properly  the  basin 
of  the  Ken,  but  is  usually  regarded  as  com- 
prising the  four  parishes  of  Carsphairn, 
Dairy,  Balmaclellan,  and  Kells,  and  it 
abounds  in  grand  mountain  scenery. 

GLENKETLAND,  small  glen  descending 
to  Glenetive,  3  miles  from  head  of  Loch 
Etive,  Argyleshire. 

GLENKILLOCK,  ravine  intersecting 
Fereneze  Hills  to  the  Levern  in  vicinity  of 
Neilston,  Benfrewshire.  It  has  picturesque 
flanks  and  three  fine  cascades,  and  is  sung 
by  Tannahill  and  Scadlock. 

GLENKILN,  narrow  vale  and  high  hills 
in  Kirkmichael  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

GLENKINDY,  detached  section  of  Strath- 
don  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  is  a  hill- 
screened  vale,  traversed  by  Kindy  rivulet 
to  the  Don,  and  it  contains  a  mansion  of 
its  own  name. 

GLENKINGLASS,  glen  descending  6  miles 
west-south-westward  to  Loch  Fyne  at 
Ardkinglass,  Argyleshire. 

GLENKINGLASS,  glen  descending  9  miles 
to  east  side  of  Loch  Etive  at  6  miles 
north-north-east  of  Bunawe,  Argyleshire. 

GLENKIRK,  small  glen  in  Glenholm 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

GLENLACHT,  ravine  and  burn  in  Keir 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

GLENLARKEN,  glen  descending  to  north 
side  of  Loch  Earn,  Perthshire. 

GLENLATTERACH,  glen  and  burn  de- 
scending to  the  Lossie,  on  boundary 
between  Birnie  and  Dallas  parishes,  Elgin- 
shire. The  burn  makes  two  interesting 
cascades. 

GLENLEAN,  glen  descending  north-east- 
ward to  head  of  Holy  Loch,  in  Dunoon 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

GLENLEDNOCK,  hill-vale,  descending  7 
miles  south-eastward  to  the  Earn  at 
Comrie,  Perthshire. 

GLENLEE,  seat  in  Kells  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

GLENLICHD,  glen  overhung  by  Benmore, 
in  Glenshiel  parish,  Boss-shire. 

GLENLIVET,  ancient  barony,  now  quoad 


sacra  parish,  averagely  10  miles  south-west 
of  Dufftown,  Banffshire.  It  consists  of 
the  basin  of  the  Livet  river ;  measures  9 
miles  in  length  and  §\  in  greatest  breadth ; 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Ballindal- 
loch,  a  banking  office,  famous  distilleries, 
an  Established  church,  2  Boman  Catholic 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
65  scholars ;  was  the  scene  of  a  battle  in 
1594  between  the  Earl  of  Huntly  and  the 
Earl  of  Argyle  ;  and  gives  the  title  of 
baron  to  the  Marquis  of  Huntly.  Pop. 
616. 

GLENLOCHAR,  place,  4  miles  north-west 
of  Castle  -  Douglas,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Castle-Douglas. 

GLENLOCHY,  alpine  glen  descending  11 
miles  curvingly  eastward  to  vicinity  of 
Killin  village,  Perthshire.  Lochy  rivulet 
traverses  it,  and,  at  3  miles  from  Killin, 
makes  two  groups  of  picturesque  cataracts. 

GLENLOCHY,  mountain-glen,  traversed 
by  public  road  7  miles  westward  to  the 
Orchy,  above  Dalmally,  Argyleshire. 

GLENLOGAN,  mountain-glen  descending 
1\  miles  west-south-westward  to  vicinity 
of  head  of  Loch  Maree,  Boss-shire. 

GLENLOGIE,  glen  descending  to  left 
side  of  the  Prosen  at  8J  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Kirriemuir,  Forfarshire. 

GLENLOTH,  glen  of  Loth  rivulet,  in 
Loth  parish,  Sutherland. 

GLENLUCE,  village  on  Luce  rivulet,  8£ 
miles  east-by-south  of  Stranraer,  Wigton- 
shire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Wigtonshire,  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  an  inn,  a  ruined  abbey  of 
1190,  and  Free  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  is  near  Old  Luce  parochial 
church.    Pop.  872. 

GLENLUDE,  small  glen  in  Glenholm 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

GLENLUI,  alpine  glen  descending  7  miles 
south-eastward  from  side  of  Benmacdhu 
to  the  Dee  at  3|  miles  below  Linn  of  Dee, 
Aberdeenshire. 

GLENLYON,  alpine  glen,  traversed  by 
Lyon  river,  and  descending  22  miles  east- 
ward to  Fortingal  vale,  in  Breadalbane, 
Perthshire.  It  is  a  cul-de-sac,  with  bottom 
seldom  more  than  a  furlong  wide,  and 
steep,  soaring,  pastoral  flanks  streaked  by 
cataractine  torrents ;  it  contains  a  post 
office  under  Aberfeldy,  Established,  Free, 
and  Baptist  churches,  3  public  schools, 
and  a  number  of  ancient  Caledonian  forts. 
It  was  the  scene  of  a  sanguinary  fight 
between  the  Macivers  and  the  Stewarts, 
and  it  gives  the  titles  of  baron  and  viscount 
to  the  Duke  of  Athole. 

GLENMARK,  alpine  glen,  traversed  by 
head-stream  of  North  Esk  river,  in  Lochlee 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

GLENMARKIE,  small  glen  in  Glenisla 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

GLENMASSAN,  glen  descending  to  south 
side  of  Gleneachaig,  near  head  of  Holy 
Loch,  Dunoon  parish,  Argyleshire.  Its 


GLE 


212 


GLE 


scenery  is  imposing,  and  includes  a  curious 
natural  bridge. 

GLENMAVIS,  village  in  vicinity  of  New 
Monkland  village,  Lanarkshire. 

GLENMEUBLE,  long,  deep,  dismal  glen, 
through  centre  of  Arasaig  district,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

GLENMILL,  place,  with  bleaching  estab- 
lishment, in  Campsie  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

GLENMILLAN,  seat  in  Lumphanan  par- 
ish, Aberdeenshire. 

GLENMORE,  winding  alpine  gorge,  9 
miles  long,  traversed  by  public  road, 
through  centre  of  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

GLENMORE,  small  glen  and  bay  on 
south  side  of  Ardnamurchan  promontory, 
Argyleshire. 

GLENMORE,  the  larger  of  the  two  vales 
of  Glenelg-proper,  Inverness-shire. 

GLENMORE,  wild  hill-vale,  traversed  by 
head-stream  of  Lugar  rivulet,  Ayrshire. 

GLENMORE,  vale,  descending  to  Ettrick 
Bay,  in  Bute  Island,  Buteshire. 

GLENMORE,  vale  between  Eannoch  and 
Fortingal,  in  Breadalbane,  Perthshire. 

GLENMORE,  section  of  Portree  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

GLENMORE-NAN-ALBIN.  See  Gkeat 
Glen. 

GLENMORRISTON,  mountain  -  glen,  12 
miles  long,  traversed  north-eastward  by 
Morriston  rivulet  to  Loch  Ness  at  Inver- 
morriston,  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  department,  desig- 
nated of  Inverness-shire,  Established,  Free, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  a  pub- 
lic school.    See  Invermoeriston. 

_  GLENMUICK,  parish,  containing  Ballater 
village,  and  comprehending  the  ancient 
parishes  of  Glenmuick,  Glengairn,  and 
Tullich,  in  Mar  district,  Aberdeenshire. 
Its  length  is  18  miles ;  its  breadth  15 
miles ;  its  area  87,341  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £12,814.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  2109 ;  quoad  sacra,  1648.  The 
surface  is  intersected  by  the  Dee  ;  extends 
southward  to  a  watershed  of  the  Gram- 
pians, and  northward  to  a  mountain 
watershed  with  Strath  don ;  and  consists 
chiefly  of  vale,  glens,  hills,  and  mountains. 
The  chief  seats  are  Monaltrie  and  Birk- 
hall ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  numer- 
ous cairns.  Established  and  Free  churches 
are  in  Ballater,  and  Established  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches  are  in  Glengairn.  There 
are  5  schools  for  455  scholars,  and  3  of 
them  for  345  are  new. 

GLENMUIR,  wild  moorland  vale,  be- 
tween Cairntable  and  Wardlaw  Hill,  on 
east  verge  of  Kyle,  Ayrshire. 

GLENNEVIS,  glen,  14  miles  long,  com- 
mencing 6  miles  east  of  summit  of  Ben- 
nevis,  making  a  semi-circular  sweep  round 
south  base  of  that  mountain,  and  terminat- 
ing at  Loch  Eil,  in  vicinity  of  Fort-William, 
Inverness-shire.  A  new  carriage  drive  in 
it,  commanding  views  of  its  striking 
scenery,  was  formed  in  1880. 

GLENNOE,  glen  descending  past  north- 


east base  of  Bencruachan  to  Loch  Etive, 
Argyleshire. 

GLENNY,  ravine  and  burn  in  Port-of- 
Menteith  parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENNY,  hill,  with  two  cairns  and  re- 
mains of  ancient  Caledonian  stone  circle, 
in  Abernyte  parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENOCHIL,  place  near  Menstrie,  Clack- 
mannanshire. 

GLENOGLE,  precipitous  alpine  gorge, 
flanked  by  stupendous  crags,  traversed  by 
Callander  and  Oban  Railway,  and  extend- 
ing dj  miles  north-north-westward  from 
head  of  Loch  Earn,  Perthshire. 

GLENOGLE,  estate  in  Tannadice  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

GLENOIG,  small  glen  in  Glenprosen 
district,  Forfarshire. 

GLENORCHY,  parish,  containing  Dal- 
mally  and  Bunawe  villages,  in  Lorn, 
Argyleshire.  Its  length  is  25  miles ;  its 
breadth  from  5  to  20  miles.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £14,301.  Pop.  1105. 
The  surface  extends  from  head  of  Ran- 
noch  to  head  of  Loch  Long ;  from  sources 
of  Orchy  river  to  a  line  across  Loch  Awe, 
at  8  miles  from  its  foot;  and  from  the 
mountain  range  around  Tyndrum  to  upper 
half  of  Loch  Etive.  The  northern  section 
includes  Glenorchy-  proper,  Glenstrae, 
Bencruachan,  and  the  mountain  masses 
thence  to  head  of  Glenetive  ;  the  eastern 
section  consists  of  the  braes,  moors,  and 
glens  descending  from  the  alpine  water- 
shed with  Perthshire  and  Dumbarton- 
shire ;  and  the  southern  section  comprises 
a  fine  strath  around  Dalmally,  and  the 
finest  portions  of  the  shores  of  Loch  Awe, 
but  is  elsewhere  chiefly  hilly  or  moorish. 
Glenorchy-proper  descends  15  miles  south- 
south- westward  in  form  of  glen,  and  then 
goes  3  miles  westward  in  form  of  strath  ^ 
mile  wide,  to  north-east  horn  of  Loch 
Awe.  The  seats  are  Rockhill,  New  Inver- 
awe,  Inchdrynich,  and  Ardvrecknish  ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  Kilchurn  and 
Achallader  Castles.  The  churches  are  2 
Established  and  1  Free ;  and  the  public- 
schools  are  2,  at  respectively  Dalmally  and 
Cladich.  Glenorchy  gives  the  title  of 
baron  to  the  Earl  of  Breadalbane. 

GLENORMISTON,  seat  on  the  Tweed, 
about  a  mile  west-north-west  of  Inner- 
leithen, Peeblesshire. 

GLENPROSEN,  district  among  the 
Grampians,  10  miles  long  and  4  miles, 
broad,  belonging  to  Kirriemuir  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  quoad  sacra  parish 
church  for  a  pop.  of  175,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  34  scholars. 

GLENQUAICH.    See  Glenquiech. 

GLENQUHARGEN,  naked,  rocky,  mural 
hill,  1657  feet  high,  overhanging  Scarr 
river,  in  Psnpont  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

GLENQUHARY,  deep  recess  among 
mountains,  famous  as  a  hiding-place  of 
the  Covenanters,  in  Kirkconnel  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

GLENQUICKEN,  moor,  thought  to  have 
been  a  scene  of  battle  between  the  Cale.- 


GLE 


213 


GLE 


tlonians  and  the  Romans,  in  Kirkmabreck 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

GLENQUIECH,  glen  of  Quiech  rivulet 
and  lake,  with  mansion,  on  north-west 
border  of  Inverness-shire. 

GLENQUIECH,  glen  of  rivulet  Quiech, 
head-stream  of  the  Bran,  in  Kenmore  and 
Dull  parishes,  Perthshire. 

GLENQUIECH,  small  glen  and  seat  in 
Tannadice  parish,  Forfarshire. 

GLENQUIECH,  glen  of  Quiech  burn,  in 
Crathie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GLENQUIECH  (NORTH  and  SOUTH), 
glens  on  mutual  border  of  Perthshire  and 
Kinross-shire. 

GLENRANZA,  glen,  traversed  by  furious 
rivulet  4  miles  north-north-westward  to 
head  of  Loch  Ranza,  in  Arran  Island, 
Buteshire. 

GLENRATH,  small  glen  in  Manor  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

GLENRINNES,  quoad  sacra  parish,  com- 
prising parts  of  Aberlour  and  Mortlach, 
Banffshire.    Pop.  401. 

GLENRISKA,  glen  and  burn  in  Tweeds- 
muir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

GLENROSA,  magnificent  glen,  descend- 
ing from  west  shoulder  of  Goatfell,  3  miles 
southward  and  2\  east-south-eastward  to 
Brodick,  in  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

GLENROY,  wild  alpine  glen,  descending 
14  miles  south-westward  to  the  Spean  at 
Bridge  of  Roy,  in  Lochaber,  Inverness- 
shire.  It  has  three  terraced  lines  of  ancient 
water-level,  the  lowest  at  an  elevation  of 
1184  feet,  the  highest  at  1266  feet. 

GLENS,  place  with  chapel -of -ease  for 
Glencreran  and  Glenetive,  Argyleshire. 

GLENSALLOCH,  long  mountain  -  pass 
between  Loch  Creran  and  Loch  Etive, 
Argyleshire. 

GLENSANDA,  hill  and  ruined  ancient 
castle  on  Kingairloch  coast,  Argyleshire. 

GLENSANNOX,  profound  dismal  glen,  de- 
scending 4  miles  north-eastward  from  Goat- 
fell  to  the  coast,  in  Arran  Island, Buteshire. 

GLENSASSUN,  scene  of  a  battle  in 
Bruce's  wars  in  Fortingal  parish,Perthshire. 

GLENSAX,  burn,  running  6  miles  north- 
ward to  the  Tweed  at  1^  mile  east-south- 
east of  Peebles. 

GLENSHANT,  lowmost  reach  of  Glenrosa, 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

GLENSHEE,  glen  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  north-east  verge  of  Perthshire.  The 
glen  commences  at  Spittal  of  Glenshee,  23 
miles  north  of  Blairgowrie,  and  descends 
7  miles  southward  to  convergence  with 
Strathardle.  The  parish  includes  the 
glen,  consists  of  part  of  Kirkmichael,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Blairgowrie,  a  good 
inn,  and  a  public  school.    Pop.  226. 

GLENSHEE,  glen  of  Shochie  rivulet,  in 
Auchtergaven  and  Monedie  parishes, 
Perthshire. 

GLENSHELLIS,  seat  in  Strachur  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

GLENSHERRIG,  glen,  descending  2  miles 
east-north-eastward  to  Glenshant,  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire. 


GLENSHIEL,  parish  on  south-west  verge 
of  mainland  of  Ross-shire.  It  adjoins  the 
lower  half  of  Loch  Alsh  down  to  vicinity 
of  Kyleakin  Ferry,  and  extends  thence  22 
miles  eastward,  with  breadth  of  from  2  to 
6  miles.  Its  post  town  is  Lochalsh.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £4916.  Pop.  424. 
The  surface  includes  Glenshiel  -  proper, 
about  15  miles  long ;  Glenlichd,  shorter 
than  the  other;  Letterfearn,  along  Loch 
Duich  and  Loch  Alsh ;  consists  mostly  of 
acclivitous  rocky  mountains,  from  about 
2500  to  nearly  4000  feet  high;  and  con- 
tains, in  a  mountain-pass,  the  scene  of  a 
battle  in  1719  between  the  royal  troops 
and  the  Jacobites.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free.  There  are  2  schools 
with  accommodation  for  76  scholars,  and 
both  of  them  are  new. 

GLENSHIRA,  fine  glen,  descending  8 
miles  south-south-westward  to  northern 
vicinity  of  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 

GLENSHIRRA,  seat  in  Laggan  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

GLENSHISKIN,  vale  traversed  by  Black- 
water  rivulet,  in  south-west  of  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire. 

GLENSLIGACHAN,  glen,  descending  8 
miles  north-eastward  to  the  coast  at  7 
miles  south-south-east  of  Portree,  Isle  of 
Skye.  Its  upper  part  is  a  gorge,  with 
scenery  similar  to  that  of  the  Cuchullin 
Mountains,  and  its  lower  part  is  occupied 
by  Loch  Sligachan. 

GLENSLOY,  grand  mountain  glen,  em- 
bosoming Loch  Sloy,  and  descending  6 
miles  south-eastward  to  Loch  Lomond,  at 
3£  miles  north  of  Tarbet,  Dumbartonshire. 

GLENSPEAN,  grand  mountain  glen,  de- 
scending 20  miles,  chiefly  west-south-west- 
ward, from  Loch  Laggan  to  Great  Glen,  at 
about  a  mile  below  foot  of  Loch  Lochy, 
Inverness-shire. 

GLENSTACK,  glen,  descending  8  miles 
west  -  north  -  westward  to  the  coast,  at 
Scourie,  Sutherland. 

GLENSTRAE,  alpine  glen,  descending  7 
miles  south-south- westward  to  Loch  Awe 
at  south-east  base  of  Bencruachan,  Argyle- 
shire. 

GLENSTRATHFARRAR,  glen,  descend- 
ing 13  miles  east-north-eastward  from  Loch 
Monar  to  convergence  with  Strathglass, 
on  north-west  border  of  Inverness-shire. 
It  contains  Lochs  Bauchran  and  Miulie, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  rivulet  Farrar. 

GLENTAGGART,  estate  in  Douglas  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire. 

GLENTANNER,  ancient  parish,  now 
united  to  Aboyne,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has 
a  public  school  with  about  54  scholars. 

GLENTARBERT,  glen,  descending  7 
miles  curvingly  north  -  westward  to  Loch 
Eil  at  3^  miles  south-west  of  Fort  William, 
Inverness-shire. 

GLENTERRA,  place,  with  small  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circle  and  long  file  of 
ancient  stepping-stones,  in  Inch  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

GLENTILT,  deep  narrow  alpine  glen, 


GLE 


214 


GOL 


descending  13  miles  south-westward  and 
southward  to  Strathgarry,  in  vicinity  of 
Blair-Athole  village,  Perthshire. 

GLENTINMONT,  glen,  descending  among 
Benchinnan  Mountains  southward  to  the 
North  Esk,  on  north  border  of  Forfarshire. 

GLENTREIG,  glen,  descending  8  miles 
curvingly  eastward  from  east  side  of  Ben- 
nevis,  and  then  going  9  miles  northward  to 
Glenspean,  at  6  miles  east-north-east  of 
Bridge  of  Roy,  Inverness-shire. 

GLENTRUIM,  glen,  descending  14  miles 
northward  from  vicinity  of  Central  Gram- 
pian watershed  to  the  Spey,  at  miles 
south-west  of  Kingussie,  Inverness-shire. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Highland  Railway, 
and  it  contains  Dalwhinnie  station,  two 
mansions,  and  a  public  school. 

GLENTURRET,  glen,  descending  7  miles 
south-south- eastward  to  Strathearn,  at  \ 
mile  west  of  Crieff,  Perthshire. 
•   GLENTYAN,  seat  in  Kilbarchan  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

GLENUIG,  glen,  descending  northward 
to  Loch-na-Nua,  in  Arasaig  district,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

GLENURCHAY.    See  Glenorchy. 

GLENURE,  glen,  descending  westward  to 
Creran  river,  in  Ardchattan  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

GLENURE,  seat  on  Loch  Dochart,  in 
Killin  parish,  Perthshire. 

GLENURQUHART,  richly  picturesque 
glen,  descending  10  miles  eastward  from 
Corriemony  to  Loch  Ness  at  14  miles 
south-west  of  Inverness.  It  contains  a 
post  office  under  Drumnadrochit,  a  bank- 
ing office,  and  Established,  Free,  and 
Episcopalian  churches. 

GLENURY,  glen,  descending  2£  miles 
south-south-eastward  to  Cowie  river  at  1J 
mile  west-north-west  of  Stonehaven,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

GLENVALE,  deep  ravine  in  Lomond 
Hills,  in  Falkland  parish,  Fife. 

GLENVECH,  glen  traversed  by  stream 
with  cascade,  and  descending  to  north  side 
of  Loch  Earn,  Perthshire. 

GLENWHILLY,  place,  8£  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Barrhill,  near  boundary  be- 
tween Ayrshire  and  Wigtonshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Stranraer,  and  a  rail- 
way station. 

GLENWHURRY.    See  Glenqtjhary. 

GLESPIN,  burn  in  Douglas  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

GLESTERLAW,  place  of  cattle  fairs  in 
Kinnell  parish,  Forfarshire. 

GLIMSHOLM,  islet  at  west  end  of  Holm 
Sound,  Orkney. 

GLITNESS,  islet,  6  miles  north-east  of 
Lerwick,  Shetland. 

GLOMACH,  wild  ravine,  750  feet  deep, 
with  cascade  of  350  feet,  nearly  all  a  single 
leap,  5J  miles  north-north-east  of  Kintail 
church,  in  south-west  of  Ross-shire. 

GLOOMINGSIDE,  burn  in  Tillicoultry 
parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

GLOTTA,  the  river  Clyde  as  known  to 
the  ancients. 


GLOUP,  sea-cavern  at  base  of  high  cliff 
in  St.  Andrews  parish,  Orkney. 

GLOUP,  seat,  bay,  and  islet  in  north  of 
Yell,  Shetland. 

GLUPE,  large  cavern  in  north  face  of 
Duncansby  promontory,  Caithness. 

GLUSS,  islet  and  small  bay  in  North- 
maven  parish,  Shetland. 

GOALES,  interesting  ravine  in  Kilmany 
parish,  Fife. 

GOATFELL,  magnificent  mountain,  2874 
feet  high,  on  north-east  seaboard  of  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire. 

GOATFIELD,  seat  on  Loch  Fyne,  8£ 
miles  south-west  of  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 

GOATMILK,  hill,  with  site  of  Scandina- 
vian fort,  in  Kinglassie  parish,  Fife. 

GOBLIN'S  CAVE.  See  CoiR-NAN- 
Uriskin. 

GOBLIN'S  DELL,  wild  ravine  in  Ardtun 
Head,  on  south-west  coast  of  Mull  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

GOGAR,  ancient  parish,  now  united 
mostly  to  Corstorphine  and  partly  to 
Ratho  and  Kirkliston,  in  Edinburghshire. 
It  has  a  railway  station,  5J  miles  west-by- 
south  of  Edinburgh,  is  traversed  by  a 
burn  of  its  own  name,  contains  the  seats 
of  Gogar  House,  Gogar  Mount,  and  Gogar 
Burn,  and  was  the  scene  of  a  sharp  skir- 
mish, in  1650,  between  Oliver  Cromwell's 
troops  and  those  of  General  Leslie. 

GOGO,  hill,  glen,  and  burn,  in  Largs 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

GOIL,  sea-loch  in  Cowal,  Argyleshire. 
It  strikes  from  Loch  Long  at  8|  miles 
north  of  Strone  Point ;  goes  6  miles  north- 
north-westward,  with  mean  breadth  of 
about  a  mile;  is  closely  flanked  on  the 
east  side  by  the  rugged  lofty  acclivities  of 
Argyle's  Bowling-Green ;  is  overhung,  on 
the  other  side,  by  mountain-range  in  form 
of  amphitheatre ;  and  terminates  at  Loch- 
goilhead  village,  in  near  vicinity  of  mouth 
of  Hell's  Glen. 

GOLDBERRY,  mural  line  of  high  rock 
at  south-west  extremity  of  Portincross  pro- 
montory, in  West  Kilbride  parish,  Ayrshire. 

GOLDEN-ACRE,  outskirt,  northern  sub- 
urb of  New  Town,  Edinburgh.  It  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
under  Edinburgh. 

GOLDIELANDS,  strong,  massive,  well- 
preserved  Border  peel  on  the  Teviot,  If 
mile  south-west  of  Hawick,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

GOLDIELEA,  seat  in  Troqueer  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

GOLDSCOURSE,  reach  of  Elvan  rivulet, 
once  noted  for  gold,  in  Crawford  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

GOLFORD,  place,  with  remains  of  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Auldearn  par- 
ish, Nairnshire. 

GOLLACHIE,  burn  in  Rathven  parish, 
Banffshire. 

GOLLINFIELD,  seat  in  Petty  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

GOLSPIE,  town  and  parish  on  east 
coast  of  Sutherland.     The  town  stands 


GOL 


215 


GOU 


amid  charming  environs,  19  miles  by  road 
and  ferry,  but  40  miles  by  railway,  north- 
north-east  of  Tain  ;  carries  on  some  com- 
merce and  considerable  country  trade ; 
and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments, a  railway  station,  2  banking  offices, 
2  hotels,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and.  a  public  school  with  about  235  scholars. 
Pop.  956.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Backies  village,  and  measures  about  7 
miles  by  5J.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£6432.  Pop.  1556.  The  surface  is 
bounded  on  the  south  by  Loch  Fleet  and 
Little  Ferry ;  rises  from  flat  seaboard  into 
range  of  lofty  hills  ;  and  is  cut  from  west 
to  east  by  Golspie  burn,  traversing  a  pic- 
turesque glen  and  making  a  fine  cascade. 
A  very  prominent  feature  is  the  Duke  of 
Sutherland's  seat  of  Dunrobin  Castle ;  and 
other  objects  of  interest  are  a  notable 
ancient  cemetery,  ruins  of  two  Pictish 
towers,  and  remains  of  an  ancient  Caledo- 
nian stone  circle.  There  are  2  public  schools 
with  accommodation  for  328  scholars. 

GOLYN.    See  Gulane. 

GOMETRA,  basaltic  island  adjacent  to 
west  end  of  Ulva,  off  west  coast  of  Mull, 
Argyleshire.  It  comprises  about  1800 
acres,  includes  some  good  arable  land,  and 
rises  to  a  height  of  about  800  feet.   Pop.  30. 

GONOCHAN,  hamlet  and  burn  in  Fintry 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

GOODBUSH,  hill,  1556  feet  high,  5  miles 
north  of  Muirkirk,  Ayrshire. 

GOODIE,  rivulet  in  south  border  of 
Perthshire.  It  issues  from  Menteith  Loch, 
and  runs  7  miles  eastward  to  the  Forth,  at 
5  miles  west  of  Stirling. 

GOODIE'S  KNOWE,  artificial  hillock  in 
south-west  of  St.  Ninian's  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

GOOSY,  lake  and  head-stream  of  the  Cree, 
near  south-eastern  extremity  of  Ayrshire. 

GORBALS,  parish  and  large  suburb  in 
south  side  of  Glasgow.  The  parish  com- 
prises a  compact  mass  of  streets  adjacent 
to  left  bank  of  the  Clyde,  between  Victoria 
and  Glasgow  bridges.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
5567  ;  quoad  sacra,  4982.  —  The  suburb 
includes  also  Hutchesontown,  Laurie- 
ston,  Tradeston,  and  Kingston ;  is  all 
a  compact  mass  of  streets ;  and  has  a 
relation  to  Glasgow-proper  similar  to  that 
which  Southwark  has  to  London.  Pro- 
minent buildings  in  the  parish  are  Gorbals 
Established  and  Free  churches;  and  pro- 
minent features  in  the  suburb  are  the  new 
railway  lines  and  stations. 

GORDON,  village  and  parish  in  Berwick- 
shire. The  village  stands  on  an  eminence 
near  Eden  river,  6  miles  north-east  of 
Earlston ;  was  anciently  the  capital  of  a 
territory  comprehending  much  of  Berwick- 
shire and  part  of  Roxburghshire ;  gave 
the  title  of  duke  from  1684  till  1836  to  the 
family  of  Gordon  ;  and  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Berwickshire,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, Established  and  Free  churches,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  140  scholars. 
Pop.  302. — The  parish  measures  6  miles 


by  3|,  and  comprises  9713  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £10,392.  Pop.  832. 
The  surface  is  uneven  and  gently  hilly, 
and  about  one-half  of  it  is  arable.  Chief 
objects  of  interest  are  the  site  of  the 
ancient  seat  of  the  noble  family  of  Gordon, 
the  site  of  an  extinct  village  of  Huntly, 
which  gave  them  the  title  of  marquis,  and 
the  ruins  of  Greenknowe  Tower. 

GORDON  CASTLE,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Richmond,  formerly  the  seat  of  the  Dukes 
of  Gordon,  in  vicinity  of  Fochabers,  Elgin- 
shire. It  is  mostly  a  modern  four-storey 
structure,  568  feet  long,  but  includes  a 
massive  tower  of  11th  century,  and  it  has 
a  grand  park  of  1300  acres. 

GORDON  HALL,  seat  in  Kinnethmont 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GORDON  PLACE,  village  in  Dyce  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

GORDONS  MILLS,  village  in  Resolis 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

GORDONSTONE,  a  seat  of  Sir  W.  Gor- 
don Cumming,  Bart.,  in  Duffus  parish, 
Elginshire. 

GORDONSTOWN,  village  in  Auchterless 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GORE,  rivulet,  running  8  miles  north- 
ward and  north-westward  to  the  South 
Esk  at  Shank  Point,  about  a  mile  beyond 
Gorebridge,  Edinburghshire. 

GOREBRIDGE,  village  on  Gore  rivulet, 
10  miles  by  road,  but  12  by  railway,  south- 
south-east  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  post 
office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Midlothian,  a 
railway  station,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church,  and  a  public  school.    Pop.  663. 

GORGASK,  burn,  sometimes  a  wild 
torrent,  in  Laggan  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

GORGIE,  village  on  Water  of  Leith,  in 
south-western  outskirts  of  Edinburgh. 
Pop.  656. 

GORM,  lake  in  Kiltarlity  parish,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

GORM,  lake  in  Assynt  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

GORM,  lake  in  Kilchoman  parish,  Islay 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

GORMDERRY,  one  of  the  Cairngorm 
Mountains,  south-east  of  Benmacdhu. 

GORRIE,  headland,  south-west  of  Car- 
saig,  in  south  of  Mull,  Argyleshire. 

GORTHY,  section  of  Fowlis-Wester 
parish,  Perthshire. 

GORTLECH,  seat  and  post  office  under 
Inverness,  in  Dores  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

GOSELAND,  lofty  hill  in  Kilbucho  par- 
ish, Peeblesshire. 

GOSFORD,  chief  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Wemyss,  on  the  coast,  5|  miles  north-west 
of  Haddington. 

GOTT,  bay  in  north-east  of  Tyree  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

GOTT,  hamlet  in  Tingwall  parish,  Shet- 
land. It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
51  scholars. 

GOULDIE,  village  in  Monikie  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

GOUR,  lake  in  Criech  parish,  Sutherland. 


GOU 


216 


GRA 


GOURDIE,  seat  and  hill  in  Clunie  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

GOURDON,  fishing  village,  11  mile  south 
of  Bervie,  Kincardineshire.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Fordoun,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, a  pretty  good  harbour,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  164  scholars.    Pop.  919. 

GOUROCK,  bay,  town,  and  quoad  sacra 
parish,  averagely  2|  miles  west-north-west 
of  Greenock,  Renfrewshire.  The  bay  faces 
the  north ;  is  flanked  on  the  west  by  Kem- 
pock  Point ;  has  a  half -moon  form  on 
a  chord  of  nearly  a  mile ;  and  is  a 
favourite  anchoring  place  of  yachts. — The 
town  curves  round  most  of  the  bay  to 
Kempock  Point,  and  then  under  the  name 
of  Ashton  extends  about  a  mile  to  the 
south-west ;  is  overhung  throughout  by  a 
diversity  of  braes  and  hills ;  commands, 
both  from  these  and  from  most  of  its 
thoroughfares,  delightful  views  across  the 
firth ;  sprang  from  an  ancient  fishing 
hamlet,  and  became  very  early  a  favourite 
watering-place  ;  consists  chiefly  of  a  single 
street-line  on  an  ancient  sea-beach,  but 
includes  numerous  villas  and  other  dwell- 
ings on  the  braes ;  contains,  on  a  cliff 
behind  the  street-line  at  Kempock,  a 
turretted  edifice  called  Gourock  Castle ; 
communicates  with  all  the  Clyde  steamers 
plying  to  places  lower  down  the  firth ; 
communicates  with  Greenock  also  by  tram- 
way ;  and  has  a  post  office  with  all 
departments  under  Greenock,  a  banking 
office,  3  small  hotels,  a  good  stone  pier 
and  jetty  of  1840,  a  public  institute 
erected  in  1875-76  at  a  cost  of  more  than 
£7000,  an  Established  church  of  1832, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and  Episco- 
palian churches  of  later  dates,  Congrega- 
tional and  Roman  Catholic  chapels  of 
1880,  and  2  large  public  schools  of  1877. 
Pop.  3308.  Gourock  House,  in  southern 
vicinity  of  the  town,  is  a  modern  mansion, 
and  stands  on  or  near  the  site  of  an  ancient 
castle  of  the  Earls  of  Douglas.  Pop.  of 
the  parish,  4263. 

GOUROCK,  burn  in  West  Kilbride  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

GOVAN,  town  in  Lanarkshire,  and  par- 
ish partly  also  in  Renfrewshire.  The  town 
stands  on  left  bank  of  the  Clyde,  2  miles 
west  of  Glasgow  Bridge ;  dates  from  the 
Culdee  times  ;  was  long  the  rival  or  equal 
of  Glasgow,  in  both  size  and  importance ; 
declined,  after  16th  century,  into  the  con- 
dition of  a  poor  village ;  lay,  till  some  years 
after  the  commencement  of  steam  naviga- 
tion, about  lJj  mile  apart  from  both  the 
harbour  and  the  outskirts  of  Glasgow ;  is 
now  intimately  connected  with  both  the 
extended  harbour  and  the  new  south- 
western suburbs ;  consists  chiefly  of  new 
well-built  streets  and  numerous  villas ; 
carries  on  vast  business  in  connection  with 
extensive  shipbuilding  yards,  and  with  a 
graving  dock,  formed  at  a  cost  of  nearly 
£90,000,  and  opened  in  December  1875  ; 
had  such  rapid  increase  of  it,  that  another 


graving  dock,  estimated  also  to  cost  nearly 
£90,000,  began  to  be  formed  in  1882; 
communicates  with  Partick  by  ferry,  and 
with  Glasgow  by  both  railway  and  tram- 
way ;  and  has  a  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments under  Glasgow,  3  banking  offices,  4 
Established  churches,  3  Free,  3  United 
Presbyterian,  4  of  other  denominations,  5 
public  schools,  and  an  endowed  school. 
The  parochial  church  is  a  large  steepled 
edifice  of  1826,  and  was  designed  in  1875 
to  be  enlarged  at  a  cost  of  £7000  ;  and 
several  of  the  other  churches  are  handsome, 
costly,  and  quite  recent  structures.  Pop. 
in  1861,  7637;  in  1871,  19,200;  in  1881, 
49,426. — The  parish  contains  also  Partick, 
Hillhead,  Dowanhill,  "Whiteinch,  Kinning 
Park,  Pollockshields,  Queen's  Park, 
Govanhill,  and  much  of  the  large  portion 
of  Glasgow  on  left  side  of  the  Clyde.  Its 
length  is  6  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  3 
miles  ;  its  area  in  Lanarkshire,  5531  acres, 
in  Renfrewshire,  1202  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £580,440  and  £145,598. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  232,457;  quoad  sacra, 
109, 729.  The  land  is  mostly  rich  flat,  skirted 
by  gentle  elevations  ;  and,  downward  from 
influx  of  the  Kelvin,  is  bisected  by  the 
Clyde.  The  several  towns  and  suburbs, 
with  their  churches  and  other  features,  are 
separately  noticed.  The  seats  are  numer- 
ous, and  a  chief  antiquity  is  Hagg's  Castle. 

GOVANHILL,  suburban  town,  1£  mile 
south  of  Albert  Bridge,  Glasgow.  It  stands 
adjacent  to  the  Caledonian  Railway,  be- 
tween Govan  Ironworks  and  Crosshill; 
consists  chiefly  of  streets  crossing  one 
another  at  right  angles,  all  of  recent  con- 
struction ;  was  constituted  a  police  burgh 
in  1877  ;  communicates  by  tramway  with 
the  centre  of  Glasgow;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under 
Glasgow,  a  banking  office,  a  public  hall, 
erected  in  1879  at  a  cost  of  nearly  £20,000, 
an  Established  church  of  1881,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  of  1880,  Free  and 
Methodist  churches,  and  a  large  public 
school.  Pop.  9636.  The  ironworks  in 
its  vicinity  are  extensive,  and  throw  a 
lurid  glare  by  night  over  great  part  of  the 
city  and  suburbs. 

GOVANHILL,  wooded  eminence  in  Craig 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

GOVAN  (ST.  MARY),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  Established  and  Free  churches,  in 
Govan.    Pop.  8722. 

GOWANBANK,  village  in  St.  Vigeans 
parish,  Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Arbroath. 

GOWELL,  sheltering  islet  in  Stornoway 
Bay,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

GOWKHALL,  village  in  Carnock  parish, 
Fife. 

GOWKSHILL,  village  in  Cockpen  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

GOWRIE,  ancient  district,  extending 
from  Stormont  to  Firth  of  Tay,  Perthshire. 
See  Carse  of  Gowkie. 

GRADEN,  burn  and  site  of  extinct 
village,  in  Coldstream  parish,  Berwickshire. 


GRA 


217 


GRA 


GRADEN  -  PLACE,  vestige  of  strong 
ancient  Border  fortalice  in  Linton  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

GRAEMSAY,  island,  about  4|  miles  in 
circumference,  -J  mile  south  of  Stromness, 
Orkney.  It  is  crowned  by  two  lighthouses, 
with  respectively  white  and  red  fixed 
lights,  visible  at  the  distance  of  11  and  15 
nautical  miles.    Pop.  236. 

GRAHAM'S  CASTLE,  ruined  strong  an- 
cient fortalice,  near  western  extremity  of 
St.  Ninian's  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

GRAHAM'S  DYKE.  See  Antoninus' 
Wall. 

GRAHAMSHILL,  suburb  of  Airdrie, 
Lanarkshire. 

GRAHAMSLAW,  place,  with  artificial 
caves,  hiding-places  of  the  Covenanters,  in 
Eckford  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

GRAHAMSTOWN,  suburb  of  Falkirk, 
Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Falkirk,  a  railway  station,  and  a 
steepled  Gothic  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  of  1876.  Pop.  of  its  quoad  sacra 
parish,  5200. 

GRAHAMSTOWN,  section  or  suburb  of 
Barrhead,  Renfrewshire. 

GRAITNEY.    See  Gketna. 

GRAMPIANS,  all  chains  and  groups  of 
mountains,  north  of  Lennox,  east  of  Lorn, 
and  south  of  Great  Glen.  One  chain,  the 
grandest  and  loftiest,  often  called  the 
Central  Grampians,  extends  eastward  from 
Bennevis  to  Mount  Battock ;  another 
chain  extends  northward  from  Benlomond 
to  contact  with  the  former  at  Rannoch  ; 
and  a  third  series,  but  not  a  chain,  flanks 
the  north-west  side  of  the  line  of  straths 
from  head-streams  of  the  Forth  to  vicinity 
of  Stoneha  ven. 

GRAMRY,  islet,  north  of  Lismore,  in 
Loch  Linnhe,  Argyleshire. 

GRANDHOLM,  seat  and  factories  in  Old 
Machar  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GRANDTULLY,  estate,  with  railway 
station,  mansion,  chapel-of-ease,  and  pub- 
lic school,  on  the  Tay,  6  miles  west  of 
Logierait,  Perthshire.  The  mansion  be- 
longs to  Sir  Archibald  D.  Stewart,  Bart.  ; 
is  an  old  castellated  pile,  kept  in  habitable 
condition  ;  and  is  believed  to  be  the  proto- 
type of  '  Tullyveolan '  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Waverley. 

GRANGE,  southern  suburb  of  Edinburgh, 
extending  about  a  mile  westward  from 
Newington  to  Morningside.  It  covers  the 
quondam  grange  or  farm  of  St.  Giles' 
Collegiate  Church ;  consists  mostly  of 
rows  of  modern  or  recent  villas,  along  spa- 
cious thoroughfares ;  contains  two  hand- 
some churches,  Established  and  Free,  of 
respectively  1871  and  1866  ;  and  adjoins  a 
modern  ornate  cemetery,  containing  the 
graves  of  numerous  distinguished  men. 

GRANGE,  parish,  with  railway  station 
between  Keith  and  Rothiemay,  in  Banff- 
shire. Its  post  town  is  Keith.  Its  length 
is  G  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  5  miles  ; 
its  area  15,041  acres.     Real  property  in 


1880-81,  £7470.  Pop.  1754.  The  southern 
border  is  a  hill-ridge  ;  the  tract  adjacent 
to  that  is  low  ground  traversed  by  Isla 
river ;  and  the  tracts  northward  rise  in 
three  successive  ridges  to  a  termination 
on  Knock  Hill  at  an  altitude  of  1409  feet 
above  sea-level.  Limestone  abounds,  and 
is  worked.  A  grand  ancient  castle  of  the 
abbots  of  Kinloss  stood  on  a  spot  now 
occupied  by  the  parochial  church ;  and  a 
tumulus,  called  the  King's  Cairn,  supposed 
to  commemorate  the  result  of  a  battle 
with  the  Danes,  is  on  the  top  of  Altmore 
Hill.  The  churches  are  Established,  Free, 
and  United  Presbyterian.  There  are  3 
schools  for  353  scholars,  and  2  of  them  for 
240  are  new. 

GRANGE,  village  in  St.  Andrews  parish, 
Fife. 

GRANGE,  village  in  Errol  parish, 
Perthshire. 

GRANGE,  seat  and  large  distillery  in 
Burntisland  parish,  Fife. 

GRANGE,  seat  in  Monifieth  parish,  For- 
farshire. 

GRANGE,  seat  in  Carriden  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

GRANGE,  burn,  entering  the  Carron,  at 
Grangemouth,  Stirlingshire. 

GRANGE,  burn  bisecting  Kirkcudbright 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

GRANGEFELL,  hill  in  Tundergarth 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

GRANGEHALL,  seat  in  Kinloss  parish, 
Elginshire. 

GRANGEMOUTH,  seaport  town  and 
quoad  sacra  parish  in  Stirlingshire.  The 
town  stands  at  east  end  of  Forth  and 
Clyde  Canal,  3  miles  north-east  of  Falkirk  ; 
has  site,  environs,  and  aspect  similar  to 
those  of  a  Dutch  town  ;  serves  both  as  the 
entrepot  of  the  canal  and  the  seat  of  com- 
merce for  most  of  Stirlingshire  ;  carries  on 
shipbuilding  and  rope-making,  and  pub- 
lishes a  weekly  newspaper;  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
terminal  railway  station,  two  banking 
offices,  extensive  docks,  Established,  Free, 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  2  large 
public  schools,  and  a  public  park  opened  in 
1882.  The  harbour  included,  subsequent 
to  1841,  a  wet  dock  of  4  acres  and  two 
timber  basins  of  17  acres ;  and  acquired, 
in  1879-82,  a  new  dock  of  11  acres,  a  new 
timber  basin  of  8  acres,  and  other  import- 
ant extensions  and  improvements.  The 
vessels  belonging  to  the  port  at  end  of 
1879  were  39  sailing  vessels  of  2759  tons, 
and  33  steam  vessels  of  8188  tons.  The 
vessels  which  entered  in  1879  were  1116 
British  of  310,132  tons,  and  455  foreign 
of  83,592  tons ;  and  those  which  cleared 
were  1139  British  of  316,509  tons,  and 
453  foreign  of  83,081  tons.  Pop.  of  the 
town,  4424 ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  4560 

GRANGEMUIR,  seat  in  Anstruther- 
Wester  parish,  Fife. 

GRANGE  OF  LINDORES,  village  in 
Abdie  parish,  Fife. 

GRANGEPANS,  coast  village,  suburban 


GRA 


218 


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to  Borrowstownness,  Linlithgowshire. 
Pop.  798. 

GRANNOCH,  lake,  3  miles  long,  in 
Girthon  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

GRANTON,  seaport  on  the  Forth,  2£ 
miles  north-north-west  of  Edinburgh.  It 
was  founded  in  1835,  and  constituted  a 
head  port  in  1860 ;  it  is  the  ferry  station 
of  the  North  British  Railway  system  for 
Fife,  Dundee,  and  Perth,  and  the  port  for 
many  coasting  and  sea-going  steamers ; 
and  it  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  under  Edin- 
burgh, a  commodious  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  a  hotel,  a  grand  pier  1700 
feet  long  and  from  80  to  160  feet  broad, 
sheltered  all  round  by  strong  breakwater 
bulwarks,  an  Established  church  of  1879, 
a  Free  church  at  some  little  distance, 
erected  in  1881,  and  2  public  schools. 
The  vessels  belonging  to  it  at  end  of  1879 
were  5  sailing  vessels  of  612  tons,  and  17 
steam  vessels  of  2089  tons.  The  vessels 
which  entered  in  1879  were  597  British  of 
180,022  tons,  and  358  foreign  of  71,229 
tons ;  and  the  vessels  which  cleared  were 
605  British  of  184,107  tons,  and  359  foreign 
of  72,926  tons.    Pop.  855. 

GRANTON-ROAD,  railway  station,  2| 
miles  west-by-north  of  centre  of  Edin- 
burgh. 

GRANTOWN,  town  in  valley  of  the 
Spey,  23^  miles  south  of  Forres,  Elgin- 
shire. It  was  founded  in  1766  ;  is  regu- 
larly aligned  and  well-built,  of  whitish 
fine-grained  granite  ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Inverness-shire,  a 
railway  station,  3  banking  offices,  2  hotels, 
a  new  court-house,  a  public  hall  of  1877, 
a  water  supply  of  1881,  Established,  Free, 
Congregational,  and  Baptist  churches,  a 
grammar  school,  and  an  industrial  school. 
Pop.  1374. 

GRANT'S  HOUSE,  place,  9  miles  north- 
west of  Ay  ton,  Berwickshire.  It  has  a 
railway-  station,  and  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  designated  of 
Berwickshire. 

GRASS,  lake  in  Dallas  parish,  Elginshire. 

GRASSFIELD,  seat  on  south-east  side  of 
"West  Loch  Tarbert,  Argyleshire. 

GRASSHOLM,  islet  adjacent  to  Shapin- 
shay,  Orkney. 

GRASSHOUSES,  hamlet  in  Glammis 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

GRASSYWALLS,  vestige  of  large  Roman 
camp,  3  miles  north  of  Perth. 

GRAVELAND,  headland  at  middle  of 
west  side  of  Yell  Island,  Shetland. 

GRAVEN,  place,  with  Free  church  of 
1881,  in  Lochs  parish,  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

GRAY,  seat,  3J  miles  west-north- west 
of  Dundee. 

GRAY,  hill,  with  large  tumuli,  in  Towie 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GREAT  CAIRN,  mountain,  2633  feet 
high,  overhanging  Glenaven,  in  south- 
west extremity  of  Banffshire. 


GREAT  CAUSEWAY.    See  Staffa. 

GREAT  CAVE,  cavern  on  west  coast  of 
Gigha  Island ,  Argyleshire.  See  also  Staffa. 

GREAT  COLONNADE.    See  Staffa. 

GREAT  DIRRINGTON,  high  conical  hill 
in  Longformacus  parish,  Berwickshire. 

GREAT  DOOR,  strait  between  Craignish 
Point  and  Garbhreisa  Islet,  Argyleshire. 

GREAT  GLEN,  glen,  57  miles  long,  south- 
westward  from  Moray  Firth  at  Inverness- 
to  Loch  Eil  at  Fort- William,  Inverness- 
shire.  Its  bottom  is  occupied,  to  the  aggre- 
gate of  nearly  40  miles,  by  navigable  lakes, 
and  all  traversed  by  the  Caledonian  Canal. 

GREATLAWS,  place,  where  Roman  coins 
have  been  found,  in  Skirling  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

GREATMOOR,  mountain,  1964  feet  high, 
in  Castleton  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

GREAT  NORTH  OF  SCOTLAND  RAIL- 
WAY, railway  system  ramified  through 
Aberdeenshire,  Banffshire,  and  Elgin- 
shire, and  passing  into  junction  with 
Highland  Railway.  It  was  authorized  in 
1847  as  a  line  from  Aberdeen  to  Inverness, 
with  branches  to  Banff,  Portsoy,  Gar- 
mouth,  and  Burghead,  aggregately  138^ 
miles  long.  It  became  amalgamated  with 
other  lines  in  1866 ;  and  it  now  includes, 
in  itself  or  in  its  working,  the  Denburn, 
the  Formartine  and  Buchan,  the  Old 
Meldrum  Junction,  the  Alford  Valley, 
the  Aberdeen  and  Turriff,  the  Banff, 
Macduff,  and  Turriff  Extension,  the  Banff- 
shire, Keith,  and  Dufftown,  the  Strath- 
spey, and  the  Morayshire.  The  amount 
of  its  stock  and  share  capital,  in  1879-80, 
was  £2,960,724;  of  its  ordinary  capital, 
£87,791 ;  of  its  loans  and  debenture  stock, 
£956,807. 

GREAT  SKERRY,  reef  off  Drainie  coast, 
Elginshire. 

GREENAN,  ruined  old  fortalice,  f  mile 
east-by-north  of  Ayr  Heads,  Ayrshire. 

GREENAN,  small  lake  in  Rothesay 
parish,  Isle  of  Bute. 

GREENBANK,  suburb  of  Greenock,  Ren- 
frewshire. It  has  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  of  1882. 

GREENBANK,  seat  in  Mearns  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

GREENBANK,  birth-place  of  Archbishop 
Spottiswood,  near  Mid-Calder,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

GREENBANK,  seat  in  North  Yell  parish, 
Shetland. 

GREENBARN,  place  of  fairs  in  Newhills 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GREENBRAE,  part  of  Stoop  village,  near 
Dumfries. 

GREEN  CASTLE,  ancient  Caledonian 
fort  in  Fordoun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

GREENCRAIG,  hill,  with  vestige  of 
ancient  fort,  and  with  grand  view,  in 
Creich  parish,  Fife. 

GREENDYKES,  estate,  with  remarkably 
fine  farm  offices,  in  Gladsmuir  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

GREENEND,  village  in  Old  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 


GRE 


219 


GRE 


GREENFIELD,  place,  with  railway  sta- 
tion and  large  public  school,  on  north-west 
border  of  Hamilton  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

GREENFIELD,  suburb  of  Govan,  Lanark- 
shire.  It  has  a  United  Presbyterian  church. 

GREENFIELD,  land  and  lake  in  Eagles- 
ham  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

GREENFOOT,  hamlet  in  Sorn  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

GREENGAIRS,  village  in  New  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  chapel-of- 
ease,  built  in  1876,  and  a  Free  church. 
Pop.  798. 

GREENHALL,  seat  in  Blantyre  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

GREENHEAD,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  Cal- 
ton,  Glasgow.  It  was  constituted  in  1875, 
and  it  contains  an  Established  church  and 
a  United  Presbyterian  church.   Pop.  4978. 

GREENHILL,  village,  with  railway  junc- 
tion station,  15J  miles  east-north-east  of 
Glasgow.    Pop.  243. 

GREENHILL,  village  in  Lochmaben 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

GREENHILL,  seat  near  Eutherglen, 
Lanarkshire. 

GREENHILL,  coal-field  in  Old  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

GREENHILL,  seat  in  Hounam  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

GREENHILL,  mountain  in  Strathdon 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

GREENHILL,  wooded  eminence  in  Desk- 
ford  parish,  Banffshire. 

GREENHILL,  hill  in  Rescobie  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

GREENHOLM,  suburb  of  Newmilns,  Ayr- 
shire. 

GREENHOLM,  islet,  1J  mile  south-west 
of  Eday,  Orkney. 

GREENHOLM  (LITTLE  and  MEIKLE), 

two  islets  in  Eday  parish,  Orkney. 

GREENKNOWE,  hamlet  in  Annan  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  quoad  sacra 
parochial  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  125  scholars. 

GREENKNOWE,  large,  oval,  artificial,  an- 
cient mound,  in  Culter  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

GREENKNOWE,  dilapidated  old  tower, 
once  the  seat  of  the  Covenanter  Pringle, 
in  Gordon  parish,  Berwickshire. 

GREENLAND,  hamlet  and  hill  in  Dunnet 
parish,  Caithness.  The  hamlet  has  a  post 
office  under  Wick,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  52  scholars ;  and  the  hill  is 
crowned  with  an  ancient  tumulus. 

GREENLAW,  town  and  parish  in  Ber- 
wickshire. The  town  stands  on  Blackadder 
river,  1\  miles  south-south-west  of  Dunse ; 
succeeded  an  extinct  ancient  town  of  its 
own  name  on  a  round  green  hill  about  a 
mile  to  the  south ;  was  the  capital  of 
Berwickshire  from  1696  till  1853,  and  still 
shares  that  status  with  Dunse  ;  comprises 
a  large  market  square  and  divergent  short 
streets  ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Berwickshire,  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  2  good  inns,  a  handsome 
modern  county  hall,  a  modern  county  jail, 


Established,  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
and  Episcopalian  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  108  scholars.  Pop.  744. 
— The  parish  measures  8  miles  by  4,  and 
comprises  12,149  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £13,075.  Pop.  1245.  The  surface 
in  the  north  is  moorish  and  heathy,  but 
elsewhere  is  mostly  level  and  fertile.  The 
seats  are  Lambden,  Rowchester,  and  Old 
Greenlaw  ;  and  the  antiquities  are  several 
cairns,  remains  of  a  camp,  and  sites  of 
two  religious  houses. 

GREENLAW,  place,  If  mile  north-by- 
east  of  Penicuick,  Edinburghshire.  It 
was  originally  an  old  mansion,  transmuted 
in  1804  into  a  depot  for  French  prisoners 
of  war;  it  underwent  great  extension  in 
1813  for  the  same  purpose,  at  a  cost  of 
about  £100,000 ;  and  it  was  enlarged  in 
1875,  by  erection  of  a  new  suite  of  barracks, 
to  serve  as  the  centre  depot  of  the  south- 
east brigade  district  of  Scotland. 

GREENLAW,  seat  in  Abbey-Paisley  par- 
ish, Renfrewshire. 

GREENLAW,  seat  in  Crossmichael  par- 
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire. 

GREENLAW,  hill  in  Insch  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

GREENLOANING,  village,  6  miles  north- 
east of  Dunblane,  Perthshire.  It  has  a 
railway  station,  an  inn,  a  United  Presby- 
terian church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  54  scholars. 

GREENMILL,  village,  with  parochial 
church,  in  Caerlaverock  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

GREENOCK,  town  and  three  parishes 
on  Firth  of  Clyde,  in  north-west  of  Ren- 
frewshire. The  town  stands  opposite 
Helensburgh,  5  miles  east  of  the  firth's 
sudden  bend  from  west  to  south,  and  21 
by  water,  but  22^  by  railway,  west-north- 
west of  Glasgow.  It  ranks  as  a  head  port, 
a  seat  of  manufacture,  a  tourists'  centre, 
a  seat  of  sheriff  courts,  and  a  burgh  send- 
ing a  member  to  Parliament.  It  sprang 
from  two  fishing  villages  of  the  17th  cen- 
tury, the  one  on  ground  near  its  present 
centre,  the  other  on  ground  in  its  present 
eastern  suburb ;  it  acquired  some  note  by 
construction  of  an  artificial  harbour  in 
1733-34,  at  a  cost  of  about  £5000;  it 
ranked,  at  beginning  of  present  century, 
as  the  greatest  port  in  Scotland ;  it 
suffered  severely  from  the  deepening  of 
the  Clyde  up  to  Glasgow,  with  result  of 
transferring  much  of  its  commerce  to  that 
city,  but  afterwards  acquired  compensating 
advantages ;  and  it  now  has  quays  and 
docks  to  the  length  of  nearly  2  miles,  and 
extends  backward  from  them  with  a  mean 
breadth  of  about  2  furlongs.  Its  site  is 
partly  a  belt  of  plain  along  the  shore, 
partly  a  series  of  gentle  diverse  acclivities, 
overhung  in  near  distances  by  a  vale-cloven 
hill-ridge,  with  summits  from  804  to  995 
feet  high ;  and  it  commands,  from  multi- 
tudes of  standpoints,  one  of  the  grandest 
views  in  Great  Britain.  The  central  parts 
comprise  an  open  square,  a  number  of 


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220 


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well-built  streets,  and  some  pleasant  out- 
skirts ;  the  western  parts  comprise  nume- 
rous airy,  modern,  handsome  streets, 
terraces,  and  lines  of  villas ;  and  the 
eastern  parts  are  mostly  close,  plain,  and 
squalid.  Lyle  Road,  from  Finnart  Street 
round  and  over  Binnans  Hill  to  Gourock 
toll,  was  opened  in  May  1880,  cost  £13,000, 
is  nearly  2  miles  long,  and  commands  a 
series  of  gorgeous  views. 

The  town  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  5  sub  post  offices  with  each 
a  money  order  department,  4  railway  sta- 
tions, 7  banking  offices,  3  sub  banking 
offices,  5  hotels,  a  number  of  imposing  civil 
public  buildings,  10  Established  churches, 
10  Free  churches,  7  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  1  Reformed  Presbyterian,  2 
Congregational,  1  Evangelical  Union,  1 
Baptist,  1  Wesleyan  Methodist,  1  Primi- 
tive Methodist,  1  Episcopalian,  and  2 
Roman  Catholic,  an  academy  with  accom- 
modation for  1086  scholars,  46  other 
schools  with  accommodation  for  8307 
scholars,  a  large  public  library,  a  mechan- 
ics' institution,  an  infirmary,  and  a  number 
of  miscellaneous  institutions.  Two  public 
parks  of  4  and  8  acres  are  in  the  southern 
outskirts ;  Garvel  Park,  purchased  by  the 
Harbour  Trustees  in  1867  for  £80,964,  is 
in  the  extreme  east ;  and  a  modern  ultra- 
mural  ornamental  cemetery,  comprising  22 
acres,  is  on  high  ground  in  the  south- 
western outskirts,  contains  a  number  of 
handsome  monuments,  and  is  intended  to 
be  crowned  with  a  monument  to  James 
"Watt,  225  feet  high,  terminating  in  an 
observatory  and  a  time-ball.  The  water- 
works draw  from  reservoirs  among  the 
hills  from  2j  to  3£  miles  south  of  the 
town  ;  were  constructed  in  1827,  at  a  cost 
of  £90,000 ;  and  send  down  a  perennial 
stream  of  such  volume  as,  in  the  course 
of  its  descent,  drives  the  machinery  of  a 
number  of  mills  and  factories.  A  tramway 
system  traverses  the  principal  streets,  and 
is  prolonged  to  Gourock.  The  town  carries 
on  extensive  manufacture  in  numerous 
departments ;  is  noted  especially  for  sugar- 
refining  and  shipbuilding  ;  conducts  com- 
merce chiefly  with  North  and  South 
America  and  with  the  East  Indies ;  and 
publishes  2  newspapers  daily  and  1  weekly. 

The  New  Municipal  Buildings  were  pro- 
jected near  the  end  of  1879,  to  cost  about 
£80,000  ;  to  stand  in  the  centre  of  the 
town  with  frontages  to  four  thoroughfares  ; 
to  be  in  the  renaissance  style,  after  the 
manner  of  the  Louvre  in  Paris ;  and  to  have, 
on  their  principal  frontage,  a  massive 
dome  -  capped  tower,  245  feet  high  ;  and 
they  were  founded  in  August  1881.  The 
Exchange  Buildings,  a  little  east  of  the 
New  Municipal,  were  erected  in  1814  at  a 
cost  of  £7000.  The  Custom  House,  facing 
a  broad  esplanade,  at  upper  steamboat 
quay,  was  erected  in  1818  at  a  cost  of 
£30,000,  and  is  a  large  edifice  with  fine 
Grecian  portico.  The  Middle  and  the 
West  Established  churches  are  spacious 


edifices  of  1757  and  1840,  with  lofty  steeples 
of  1787  and  1854.  Another  of  the  Es- 
tablished churches  was  erected  since  1877. 
The  Middle  Free  church  was  erected  in 
1871,  at  a  cost  of  about  £16,000,  and  has  a 
steeple  fully  200  feet  high.  Another  of 
the  Free  churches  is  a  loftily-steepled 
edifice  of  1855 ;  and  another  was  erected 
in  1880,  at  a  cost  of  about  £9000.  Three 
United  Presbyterian  churches  are  hand- 
some structures  of  1834,  1854,  and  1871 ; 
and  another  was  founded  in  1881  in  lieu  of 
one  utterly  destroyed  by  fire.  One  of  the 
Congregational  churches  is  a  neat  building 
of  1840,  enlarged  and  improved  in  1880-81. 
The  Baptist  church  was  erected  in  1878  at 
a  cost  of  £5000.  The  Episcopalian  church 
was  erected  in  1878,  occupies  the  site  of  a 
previous  church,  and  cost  about  £10,000. 
The  Academy  was  erected  in  1855,  and  is  in 
the  old  monastic  style.  Four  public  schools 
were  erected  in  1876-78  ;  and  2  of  them, 
for  1350  scholars,  cost  £16,680.  The 
Roman  Catholic  schools  were  founded  in 
1877,  and  estimated  to  cost  £6000.  The 
Watt  Monument,  containing  Greenock 
Library,  was  erected  in  1837  at  a  cost  of 
£3000 ;  and  the  Watt  Museum  and 
Lecture  Hall  stand  behind  it,  and  were 
erected  in  1876  at  a  cost  of  £6400.  Wood's 
Hospital  for  disabled  seamen  was  erected 
in  1851  at  a  cost  of  £10,000,  out  of  a 
bequest  of  £140,000,  and  is  in  the  Tudor 
style.  The  Parochial  Board  Offices  were 
projected  in  1877,  and  estimated  to  cost 
about  £8000.  The  Poors'  Asylum,  a  little 
south  of  the  town,  was  erected  in  1876-79, 
at  a  cost  of  more  than  £100,000,  and  is  in 
the  old  Scottish  baronial  style.  Baths 
were  sanctioned  in  1880,  to  include  re- 
creation grounds  and  gymnasium,  and  were 
expected  to  cost  about  £5500. 

The  harbour  comprises  all  kinds  of 
works  and  appliances  suited  to  a  first- 
class  port ;  it  had,  prior  to  1870,  an  aggre- 
gate berthage  of  about  11,240  feet ;  and  it 
acquired,  after  that  year,  new  works  in 
the  west,  on  ground  purchased  for  £80,000, 
and  extensive  works  in  the  east,  including 
a  graving  dock  and  the  James  Watt  wet 
dock.  The  graving  dock  there  was  formed 
at  a  cost  of  £53,047,  and  opened  in  1874. 
The  James  Watt  wet  dock  was  begun  to 
be  formed  in  1878,  at  estimated  cost  of 
£243,259,  exclusive  of  accessories  to  cost 
probably  £100,000  ;  measures  2000  feet  in 
length  and  300  feet  in  breadth  ;  has  a 
jetty  1000  feet  long  in  its  centre,  and  a 
quayage  of  7200  feet ;  and  is  adjoined  by  a 
tidal  harbour  with  a  quayage  of  1054  feet. 
The  Harbour  Trustees  promoted  a  bill  in 
the  session  of  1879-80  for  powers  to  con- 
struct new  works,  and  to  borrow  £1,300,000. 
The  vessels  belonging  to  the  port,  at  end  of 
1879,  were  365  sailing  vessels  of  171,214 
tons,  and  72  steam  vessels  of  34,801  tons. 
The  vessels  which  entered  in  1879  were 
6881  British  of  1,293,193  tons,  and  189 
foreign  of  85,568  tons  ;  and  those  which 
cleared  were  4794  British  of  675,485  tons, 


GRE 


221 


GRE 


and  153  foreign  of  69,104  tons.  Real  pro- 
perty of  the  burgh  in  1880-81,  £369,431. 
Pop.  in  1871,  57,146  ;  in  1881,  64,722. 

The  parishes  are  East,  Middle,  and 
"West ;  they  are  treated  in  many  respects 
as  one  ;  and.  they  contain  Fort-Matilda  and 
a  suburb  of  Port-Glasgow.  Their  length 
along  the  coast  is  4f  miles  ;  their  greatest 
breadth  nearly  3  miles ;  their  area6021  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81  of  landward 
parts,  £38,054.  Pop.  of  the  East,  21,611 ; 
of  the  Middle,  6180  ;  of  the  West,  40,627. 
The  quoad  sacra  parishes  of  North,  South, 
Cartsburn,  and  Gaelic  are  included. 
Pop.,  quoad  sacra,  of  the  East,  7382 ;  of 
the  Middle,  6180 ;  of  the  North,  1300  ;  of 
the  South,  10,319 ;  of  the  West,  28,861. 
The  shore  is  low  and  sandy  ;  the  immediate 
seaboard,  or  belt  contiguous  to  the  shore, 
is  low  and  flat ;  the  western  section 
inward  from  that  belt  is  Binnan's  Hill, 
rising  gradually  to  a  high,  bold,  abrupt 
face  overhanging  Fort-Matilda  ;  the  tract 
immediately  south-west  of  the  town  is  a 
fine  hill-girt  vale,  traversed  by  road  and 
railway  toward  Innerkip  ;  the  tract  from 
that  vale  to  the  eastern  boundary  is  a  hill- 
group  or  hill-ridge,  with  summits  from  804 
to  995  feet  high ;  and  the  south-eastern 
section  is  high  moorland,  with  sources  of 
Gryfe  river.  Sandstone  and  trap  rock  are 
quarried. 

GREENOCK,  head-stream  of  Ayr  river, 
Ayrshire. 

GREENOCK  (UPPER),  railway  station 
in  southern  outskirts  of  Greenock. 

GREENRIDGE,  coal-field  in  Whitburn 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

GREENRIVER,  seat  in  Hobkirk  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

GREENS,  place,  7  miles  east  of  Turriff, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Turriff. 

GREENSIDE,  parish  in  east  of  New 
Town,  Edinburgh.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
5993  ;  quoad  sacra,  4092. 

GREENSIDE,  place  in  Stonehouse  parish, 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  127  scholars. 

GREENSIDE,  place  in  Alloa,  Clack- 
mannanshire. It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  112  scholars. 

GREENSKAINS,  estate  in  Gamrie  parish, 
Banffshire. 

GREENSTONE,  headland  on  north  side 
of  Loch  Ewe,  west  coast  of  Ross-shire. 

GREENTABLE,  hill  in  north-east  of  Loth 
parish,  Sutherland. 

GREENYARD.    See  Greinokd. 

GREENYARDS,  coal-field  in  St.  Ninian's 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

GREETO,  affluent  of  Gogo  rivulet,  Largs 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

GREGG,affluent  of  the  Stinchar,  Ayrshire. 

GREGG ARY,  coast -cliff  in  Portpatrick 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

GREGNESS,  headland  on  south  side  of 
Nigg  Bay,  Kincardineshire. 

GREGORY,  quondam  baronial  castle  in 
St.  Vigeans  parish,  Forfarshire. 


GREINORD,  sea-loch  and  district  on 
west  coast  of  Ross-shire.  The  loch  is 
intermediate  between  Loch  Broom  and 
Loch  Ewe ;  measures  6£  miles  across  the 
entrance  ;  penetrates  7  miles  south-south- 
eastward ;  contains  in  its  mouth  an  island 
1^  mile  long;  has,  in  its  upper  part,  a 
half -moon  form ;  and  receives  there  a 
rivulet,  descending  10  miles  north-west- 
ward along  a  mountain  glen. — The  district 
lies  around  the  sea-loch,  and  may  be 
roughly  defined  as  extending  south-east- 
ward to  the  rivulet's  source,  and  south- 
westward  from  Little  Broom  to  Loch  Ewe. 

GREMISTA,  seat  in  Lerwick  parish, 
Shetland. 

GRENNAN,  small  bay  and  hill  in  Kirk- 
maiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

GRESS,  coast  district,  with  seat,  cavern, 
rivulet,  cairn,  and  site  of  old  chapel,  7 
miles  north  -  north  -  east  of  Stornoway, 
Outer  Hebrides.  The  cavern  is  partly 
stalactitic,  and  more  than  600  feet  long. 

GRESSALLACH,  bay  on  east  coast  of 
Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

GRETNA,  parish,  containing  Springfield 
village,  and  Gretna  Green,  Old  Gretna, 
Rigg  of  Gretna,  and  Brewhouses  ham- 
lets, on  south-east  border  of  Dumfries- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  of  its  own 
name,  with  money  order  department, 
under  Carlisle  ;  it  adjoins  Gretna  railway 
station,  and  contains  Gretna  Green  railway 
station  ;  and  it  is  separated  by  the  rivulet 
Sark  and  the  Solway  Firth  from  England. 
Its  length  is  6|  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
3|  miles ;  its  area  7863  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £9345.  Pop.  1212. 
The  surface  is  mostly  level,  but  has  some 
slight  rising-grounds,  and  includes  a  hill 
about  250  feet  high,  commanding  an 
extensive  view.  Gretna  Green  hamlet 
is  suburban  to  Springfield ;  Old  Gretna 
lies  on  Kirtle  rivulet,  about  \  mile  from 
the  Solway ;  Rigg  of  Gretna  lies  also  on 
the  Kirtle,  5  furlongs  from  Old  Gretna; 
and  Brewhouses  is  a  tiny  port  on  the 
Solway.  The  antiquities  are  a  vestige 
of  an  ancient  Caledonian  stone  circle, 
and  sites  of  several  strong  Border  peels ; 
and  a  great  reminiscence  is  that  of  cele- 
bration of  marriages  between  runaways 
from  England.  The  churches  are  Es- 
tablished and  United  Presbyterian ;  and 
the  schools  are  2  new  public  ones  for 
251  scholars. 

GREYFRIARS,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  Aber- 
deen.   Pop.  6387. 

GREYFRIARS,  Dumfries.  See  Dum- 
fries-Greyfriars. 

GREYFRIARS  (NEW  and  OLD),  two 
parishes  in  Old  Town,  Edinburgh.  Pop. 
3037  and  2371. 

GREYHEAD,  headland  in  Canisbay 
parish,  Caithness. 

GREYHOPE,  small  bay  in  Nigg  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

GREY-MARE'S-TAIL,  precipitous  fall  of 
350  feet,  on  stream  issuing  from  Loch 


GRE 


222 


GUT 


Skene,  8|  miles  north-east  of  Moffat, 
Dumfriesshire.    See  also  Crichup. 

GREYSTONE,  place,  with  post  office 
under  Arbroath,  Forfarshire. 

GREYSTONELEES,  estate  in  Ayton 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

GRIAM,  lake  in  Lairg  parish,  Sutherland. 

GRIBON,  promontory  on  west  side  of 
Mull  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  contains 
the  great  cavern  called  Mackinnon's  Cave  ; 
presents  to  the  sea  a  range  of  high  cliffs  ; 
and  ascends  in  successive  trap  terraces  to 
an  altitude  of  nearly  2000  feet. 

GRIBTON,  seat  in  Holywood  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

GRICENESS,  headland  on  east  coast  of 
Stronsay  Island,  Orkney. 

GRIEF,  skerry,  3J  miles  east  of  Whalsey, 
Shetland. 

GRIESHERNISH,  seat  and  sea-loch  in 
Duirinish  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

GRIMASHADER,  sea-loch,  5  miles  south 
of  Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides. 

GRIMBISTER,  islet  in  Firth  Bay,  on 
east  side  of  Pomona,  Orkney. 

GRIME'S  DYKE.  See  Antoninus'  Wall. 

GRIMINISH,  headland  in  north-west  of 
North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

GRIMNESS,  hamlet  and  headland  on 
east  side  of  South  Ronaldshay,  Orkney. 
The  hamlet  has  a  public  school  with  about 
66  scholars. 

GRIMSAY,  island,  3  miles  long,  be- 
tween North  Uist  and  Benbecula,  Outer 
Hebrides.  It  has'  a  post  office  under 
Lochmaddy.    Pop.  292. 

GRIMSAY,  island  in  South  Uist  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  28. 

GRIMSHADIR.    See  Grimashader. 

GRIMTSTA,  salmon  streamlet  in  Uig 
parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

GRIOSAMUL,hill,1250  ft.  high,  near  head 
of  Loch  Resort,  in  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

GRITMOOR,  mountain  on  mutual  border 
of  Castleton  and  Teviothead  parishes,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

GROAY,  islet,  2  miles  south-west  of 
southern  extremity  of  Harris,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

GROG,  quondam  lake  in  Cadder  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

GROUGAR,  hamlet  in  Kilmarnock 
parish,  Ayrshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  71  scholars. 

GROVE,  seat  in  Kirkpatrick-Irongray 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

GRUBIT,  hills  in  Morebattle  parish, 
Pvoxburghsbire. 

GRUBMORE,  place,  with  tower,  on 
north-west  side  of  Loch  Naver,  Sutherland. 

GRUCULA,  or  AGRICOLA,  place  said  to 
have  been  fatal  to  one  of  Agricola's  ships, 
on  west  coast  of  Shapinshay,  Orkney. 

GRUDIE,  rivulet,  running  8  miles  north- 
ward to  head  of  Kyle  of  Durness,Sutherland. 

GRUDIE,  rivulet,  running  about  6  miles 
northward  to  upper  part  of  Loch  Maree, 
Ross-shire. 

GRUGAIG,  rivulet,  running  to  Dornoch 
Firth,  in  Eddertoun  parish,  Ross-shire. 


GRUINARD,  hamlet  and  sea-loch  on 
north-west  side  of  Islay  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. The  hamlet  has  a  post  office 
under  Greenock ;  and  the  loch  strikes 
southward,  and  is  about  4  miles  long. 

GRUINARD,  Ross-shire.  See  Greinord. 

GRUNA,  small  island,  If  mile  north  of 
Fetlar,  Shetland. 

GRUTING,  bay  and  burying-place  in 
Sandsting  parish,  Shetland. 

GRUVER,  village  in  Lochs  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  368. 

GRYFE,  river,  running  about  17  miles  pre- 
vailingly eastward  to  the  Black  Cart  at  2J 
miles  north-west  of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

GRYFE  CASTLE,  seat  on  Gryfe  river, 
near  Bridge  of  Weir,  Renfrewshire. 

GUALIN,  hill,  1514  feet  high,  4  miles 
north  of  Drymen,  Stirlingshire. 

GUALIN,  wild  mountain  tract  on  mutual 
border  of  Durness  and  Edderachyllis  par- 
ishes, Sutherland. 

GUARD-BRIDGE,  place  on  the  Eden,  3J 
miles  west-north-west  of  St.  Andrews, 
Fife.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Cupar, 
and  a  railway  station. 

GUAY,  railway  station,  5|  miles  north- 
north- west  of  Dunk  eld,  Perthshire. 

GUILDIE  and  GUILDIEMORE,  two 
hamlets  in  Monikie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

GUILDTOWN,  village  in  St.  Martin's 
parish,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Perth,  and  a  public  school. 

GUIRM,  lake,  with  islet  and  remains  of  an- 
cient fortalice,  in  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

GUIRSHADIR,  suburb  of  Stornoway, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

GUISACHAN,  head-stream  of  the  Dee, 
Aberdeenshire. 

GUISACHAN,  stream,  running  to  the 
sea  at  Inverguisachan,  in  Ardchattan  par- 
ish, Argyleshire. 

GUISACHAN,  seat  in  Kiltarlity  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

GULANE,  village,  1|  mile  east  of  head- 
land of  its  own  name,  and  1\  miles  north- 
east-by-north of  Aberlady,  Haddington- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Drem,  a 
ruined  ancient  church,  and  a  public  school; 
and  it  adjoins  extensive  sandy  downs, 
famous  as  a  coursing-ground.    Pop.  219. 

GULBERWICK,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Lerwick,  Shetland. 

GULBIN,  affluent  of  upper  part  of  the 
Spean,  Inverness-shire. 

GUMSCLEUGH,  mountain  on  mutual 
border  of  Traquair  and  Yarrow  parishes, 
Peeblesshire  and  Selkirkshire. 

GUNISTER,  bay  and  islet  in  Northmaven 
parish,  Shetland. 

GUNNA,  small  island  between  Tyree 
and  Coll,  Argyleshire. 

GUNNIE,  coal-field  in  Old  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

GUNSGREEN,  headland,  seat,  and  distil- 
lery adjacent  to  Eyemouth,  Berwickshire. 

GUTHRIE,  hamlet  and  parish  in  Forfar- 
shire. The  hamlet  lies  7  miles  east-north- 
east of  Forfar,  and  has  a  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Forfarshire,  a  railway  station,  a 


GUY 


223 


HAD 


parochial  church  with  306  sittings,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  57  scholars.  The 
parish  consists  of  two  sections,  Guthrie- 
proper  and  Kirkbuddo,  the  latter  about  p 
miles  south-south-east  of  Forfar ;  and  it 
comprises  3823  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,£6982.  Pop.  439.  Guthrie-proper 
consists  chiefly  of  a  ridge  somewhat  resem- 
bling that  of  the  Old  Town  of  Edinburgh  ; 
and  Kirkbuddo  is  mostly  level.  The  seats 
are  Guthrie  Castle  and  Kirkbuddo  House ; 
and  the  chief  antiquity  is  a  large  well- 
preserved  Roman  camp  situated  in  Kirk- 
buddo.   A  public  school  is  at  Holemill. 

GUYND,  seat  and  dell  in  Carmylie  par- 
ish, Forfarshire. 

GUY'S  WELL,  mineral  spring  in  Carluke 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

GYLEN,  strong,  lofty,  roofless  ancient 
castle  on  promontory  of  Kerrera  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

GYNAG,  lake  and  rivulet  in  Kingussie 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

GYRAN,  hill  in  Sandwick  parish, 
Orkney. 


HA',  burn  and  mound,  the  latter  an 
ancient  seat  of  justice,  in  Deskford  parish, 
Banffshire. 

HA',  large  artificial  mound  in  Alvah 
parish,  Banffshire. 

HA',  large  wooded  ancient  mound  in 
Carluke  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

HAAFGRUNIE,  pastoral  island  near 
south  end  of  Unst,  Shetland.  - 

BABBLE'S  HOW,  scene  of  Allan  Ram- 
say's Gentle  Shepherd,  3|  miles  south-west 
of  Penicuick,  Edinburghshire. 

HABCHESTER,  hill,  with  distinct  ves- 
tiges of  interesting  Scandinavian  camp,  2 
miles  south-east  of  Ayton,  Berwickshire. 

HABOST,  village  inBarvas  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  328. 

HABRAHELIA,  great  cavern,  resembling 
an  amphitheatre,  at  north  end  of  Papa- 
Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

HACKNESS,  headland  on  south-east  of 
Shapinshay  Island,  Orkney. 

HACKWOOD,  burn  in  Lamington  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire. 

HADDEN.    See  Haddon. 

HADDINGTON,  town  and  parish  in 
Haddingtonshire.  The  town  stands  on 
the  river  Tyne,  at  terminus  of  branch 
railway,  18£  miles  east  of  Edinburgh.  It 
possessed  some  importance  in  the  time  of 
David  I.  ;  it  figured  in  the  history  of 
several  Scoto-Saxon  kings ;  it  was  burnt 
in  1216  and  1356  by  respectively  King 
John  and  Edward  III.  of  England ;  it  was 
strongly  garrisoned  by  the  English  during 
eighteen  months  after  the  battle  of  Pinkie ; 
it  has  given  the  title  of  earl  since  1619  to 
a  branch  of  the  family  of  Hamilton ;  it 
ranks  now  as  an  important  market  town, 
the  political  capital  of  Haddingtonshire, 
and  a  burgh  uniting  with  Dunbar,  North 
Berwick,  Jedburgh,  and  Lauder  in  send- 


ing a  member  to  Parliament ;  it  publishes 
a  weekly  newspaper;  it  presents  a  neat, 
pleasant,  well-edificed  appearance  ;  and  it 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
a  railway  station,  4  banking  offices,  2  hotels, 
county  buildings  of  1833,  town  buildings 
with  steeple  of  1831,  a  corn  exchange  of 
1854,  a  handsome  lofty  monument  of  1843  to 
Robert  Ferguson  of  Raith,  a  monument  to 
the  eighth  Marquis  of  Tweeddale,  who  died 
in  1876,  waterworks  begun  in  1875,  an 
elegant  Knox  educational  institute,  built 
at  a  cost  of  about  £9000,  and  opened  in 
1880,  a  large  ancient  cruciform  church, 
partly  dilapidated  and  partly  used  as  the 
parochial  church,  a  Free  church,  2  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  Episcopalian  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  2  primary 
schools.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£15,945.  Pop.  4043. — The  parish  measures 
about  8  miles  by  7,  and  comprises  12,113 
acres.  Real  property  of  landward  part  in 
1880-81,  £24,464.  Pop.  of  the  whole, 
5660.  The  surface  is  bisected  by  the 
Tyne  ;  includes  in  the  north  the  greater 
part  of  Garleton  Hills ;  and  is  elsewhere 
a  rich  ornate  expanse  of  level  and  undu- 
lating lands.  The  seats  are  Amisfield, 
Stevenson,  Lennoxlove,  Monkrigg,  Coals- 
ton,  Clerkington,  Letham,  Alderston,  and 
Huntington ;  and  the  chief  antiquities, 
besides  the  church  in  the  town,  are  vestiges 
or  sites  of  a  nunnery  and  several  chapels. 

HADDINGTONSHIRE,  or  EAST  LO- 
THIAN, county  south-eastward  from  south 
side  of  lowmost  reach  of  Firfch  of  Forth. 
Its  coast-line  is  15%  miles  along  the  firth 
and  16 ^  along  the  German  Ocean ;  its 
interior  length  and  breadth  are  respectively 
26  and  17  miles  ;  and  its  area  is  280  square 
miles.  The  south-eastern  border,  to  the 
mean  breadth  of  about  5  miles,  is  part  of 
the  Lammermoor  Hills  ;  the  surface  thence 
to  the  firth,  as  seen  from  the  Lammermoors, 
looks  to  be  a  gentle  slope,  but  is  diversi- 
fied by  Garleton  Hills,  Traprain  Law,  and 
North  Berwick  Law;  and  the  main  pro- 
portion is  chiefly  fertile  embellished 
champaign.  The  Tyne  traverses  all  the 
champaign,  and  is  the  only  river  of  any 
note.  Coal,  ironstone,  and  limestone 
abound,  and  are  largely  worked.  Agricul- 
ture employs  the  vast  majority  of  the 
working  population,  and  is  in  highly 
advanced  condition.  The  towns  with  each 
more  than  3000  inhabitants  are  Hadding- 
ton, Dunbar,  and  Tranent ;  with  each  more 
than  1000  are  Prestonpans,  North  Berwick, 
Cockenzie,  and  East  Linton  ;  and  the  vil- 
lages with  each  more  than  300  are  West 
Barns,  Gifford,  Elphinstone,  Penston, 
Ormiston,  Dirleton,  Macmerry,  and  Gar- 
vald.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £314,800. 
Pop.  in  1871,  37,771 ;  in  1881,  38,472. 

HADDO,  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen, 
6£  miles  west-north-west  of  Ellon,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  is  a  splendid  modem  Pal- 
ladian  edifice,  and  has  very  extensive, 
beautiful  grounds. 

HADDON    and    HADDONRIG,  hamlet 


HAF 


224 


HAL 


and  hill,  scenes  of  old  Border  conflict,  in 
Sprouston  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

HAFTON,  seat  near  Hunter's  Quay  ,  on 
Holy  Loch,  Argyleshire. 

HA6ENH0PE,  burn,  entering  Lyne  river 
2  miles  above  Lyne  church,  Peeblesshire. 

HAG6S,  village,  conjoint  with  Holland- 
bush,  5  miles  east-north-east  of  Kilsyth, 
Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  quoad  sacra  paro- 
chial church.  Pop.  of  village,  316;  of 
quoad  sacra  parish,  1500. 

HAGGS,  picturesque  ruined  ancient 
baronial  fortalice  in  south-western  out- 
skirts of  Glasgow. 

HAGGS,  moor  in  Morham  parish,  Had- 
dingtonshire. 

HAILES,  estate,  with  extensive  sand- 
stone quarry,  and  with  village  called 
Hailes- Quarry,  in  Colinton  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

HAILES  CASTLE,  ruined  temporary 
residence  of  Queen  Mary,  on  the  Tyne, 
in  Prestonkirk  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

HAILES  (NEW),  seat  on  west  side  of 
Inveresk  parish,  Edinburghshire. 
HAILES-QUARRY.    See  Hailes. 
HAILSTON,   burn  in  Kilsyth  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

HAINING,  seat,  with  pleasant  grounds, 
adjacent  to  Selkirk. 

HAINING,  estate  in  Muiravonside  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

HAINUCK,  famous  spring,  a  great  resort 
of  invalids,  in  Avoch  parish,  Ross-shire. 

HAIRLAW,  ancient  battlefield  and  large 
modern  reservoir  in  Neilston  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

HAIRMYRES,  railway  station  on  north- 
west border  of  East  Kilbride  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

HALBEATH,  village,  2J  miles  east-north- 
east of  Dunfermline,  Fife.  It  adjoins 
extensive  coal-mines,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Dunfermline,  a  railway  station,  and 
a  large  public  school  erected  in  1876  at  a 
cost  of  £3500.    Pop.  918. 

HALBURY,  quondam  castle  on  sea-cliff, 
at  Easter  Clythe,  Caithness. 

HALCROW,  headland  in  south-east  of 
South  Ronaldshay,  Orkney. 

HALDANE'S  MILL,  village  in  Bonhill 
parish,  Dumbartonshire.    Pop.  344. 

HALF-DAVOCH,  place  in  Edenkiilie  par- 
ish, Elginshire. 

HALF- MORTON,  parish,  with  church 
6^  miles  south-west  of  Langholm,  Dum- 
friesshire. It  contains  Chapelknowe  post 
office  ;  measures  about  5  miles  by  3^ ;  and 
comprises  6084  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £4429.  Pop.  497.  The  north 
border  includes  some  low  hills,  and  the 
rest  of  the  surface  is  mostly  low,  flat,  and 
fertile.  The  chief  residence  is  SolwayBank, 
and  the  antiquities  are  vestiges  of  three 
towers.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  ;  and  there 
is  a  public  school  with  accommodation  for 
120  scholars. 

HALGREEN,  place,  with  vestige  of  ancient 
priory,  in  Canonbie  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 


HALGREEN,  strong  old  castle,  on  emi- 
nence near  the  sea,  in  Bervie  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

HALIN,  quoad  sacra  parish,  comprising 
Vaternish  peninsula,  Isle  of  Skye.  It  has 
a  public  school  with  about  112  scholars. 
Pop.  1006. 

HALKERTON,  estate  in  Laurencekirk 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

HALKIRK,  village  and  parish  in  Caith- 
ness. The  village  stands  on  Thurso  river, 
7  miles  south-by-east  of  Thurso  town,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  depart- 
ment, designated  of  Caithness,  a  railway 
station,  Established  and  Free  churches,  and 
2  public  schools  with  about  183  scholars. 
Pop.  372. — The  parish  is  24  miles  long  and 
from  3  to  12  miles  broad.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £17,441.  Pop.  2705.  The 
surface  includes  several  hills,  but  is  mostly 
flat ;  and,  to  the  aggregate  of  about  five- 
sixths  of  its  extent,  is  either  moor,  moss, 
or  water.  Flagstone  and  limestone  are 
quarried,  and  iron  and  lead  ores  are  found. 
The  seats  are  Westerdale  and  Brawell ; 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  Dirlet,  Loch- 
more,  Achnavarn,  and  Braal  castles. 
There  is  a  Free  church  for  Westerdale  and 
Halsary.  7  schools  for  641  scholars  are 
in  the  parish,  and  3  of  them  and  enlarge- 
ments for  366  are  new. 

HALKIRK-ROADSIDE,  place  about  a 
mile  from  Halkirk  railway  station,  Caith- 
ness.   It  has  a  post  office  under  Halkirk. 

HALLADALE,  river,  rising  among  high 
mountains,  and  running  16  miles  north- 
ward, along  a  hill  -  screened  course,  to 
Pentland  Firth  at  Port-Skerry,  in  north- 
east extremity  of  Sutherland.  Its  basin 
is  called  Strathhalladale,  and  forms  the 
Sutherland  section  of  Reay  parish. 

HALLBAR,  thick-walled  tower  of  11th 
century  in  Carluke  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

HALLCRAIG,  seat  and  bridge  in  Carluke 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

HALLCRAIG,  craggy  eminence  in  Kirk- 
newton  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

HALLEATHS,  seat  and  lake  in  Loch- 
maben  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HALLERHIRST,  limeworks  in  Stevenston 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

HALLFOREST,  imposing  ruined  castle  in 
Kintore  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  was 
first  a  royal  hunting-seat,  and  next  a  pos- 
session of  the  Earls  Marischal. 

HALL-GILL,  fine  ravine  in  Cambusnethan 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

HALLGREEN.    See  Halgeeen. 

HALLGUARDS,  romantic  spot,  site  of 
ancient  castle  on  Annan  river,  in  Hoddam 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HALLHEAD,  estate  in  Leochel  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

HALLHILL,  seat  in  Glassford  parish,, 
Lanarkshire. 

HALLHILL,  coal-field  in  Lochwinnoch 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

HALLIDAY,  hill  on  north-east  border  of 
Dunscore  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HALLIN.    See  Halin. 


HAL 


225 


HAN 


HALLMYRE,  seat  in  Newlands  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

HALLRULE,  seat  in  Hobkirk  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

HALLSIDE,  village  and  seat  on  south-east 
verge  of  Cambuslang  parish,  Lanarkshire. 
Pop.  955. 

HALL  YARDS,  ruined  old  mansion  of 
historical  note  in  Auchtertool  parish,  Fife. 

HALLYARDS,  estate  in  West  Calder 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

HALLIBURTON,  seat  in  Kettins  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

HALSARY,  place,  with  mission  station, 
in  Watten  parish,  Caithness. 

HALTERBURN,  place,  with  ancient 
Caledonian  fort,  in  Yetholm  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

HALTON,  seat  near  Ratho,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

HALTREES,  hamlet,  5£  miles  north-west 
of  Stow,  Edinburghshire. 

HALTSTANEDEAN.    See  HASSENDEAN. 

HALYHILL,  site  of  ancient  capital  of 
Pictavia,  adjacent  to  Forteviot  village, 
Perthshire. 

H  ALYKIRK,  curious  group  of  large  ancient 
stones  on  hill  in  Sandwick  parish,  Orkney. 

HALYNESS,  headland,  10  miles  south  of 
Lerwick,  Shetland. 

HAM,  harbour  in  Dunnet  parish,  Caith- 
ness. A  mound  with  Pictish  house  is 
near  it. 

HAMER,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Whitekirk,  Haddingtonshire. 

HAMILTON,  town,  ducal  seat,  and 
parish  in  middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire. 
The  town  stands  on  Cadzow  burn,  near 
conflux  of  the  Avon  and  the  Clyde,  9f 
miles  south-east  of  Glasgow ;  dates  from 
at  least  the  early  part  of  15th  century,  but 
succeeded  a  much  older  town  on  ground 
now  within  the  ducal  park ;  has  given  the 
titles  of  baron,  marquis,  and  duke  since 
respectively  1445,  1633,  and  1643  to  the 
family  of  Douglas-Hamilton ;  figured  con- 
spicuously in  the  affairs  of  the  Covenanters 
at  the  times  of  the  skirmish  of  Drumclog 
and  the  battle  of  Bothwell  Bridge  ;  ranks 
now  as  a  place  of  much  trade,  a  fashion- 
able resort,  a  seat  of  sheriff  courts,  and  a 
parliamentary  burgh ;  publishes  a  weekly 
newspaper  ;  unites  with  Lanark,  Airdrie, 
Linlithgow,  and  Falkirk  in  sending  a 
member  to  Parliament ;  is  widely  engirt 
with  charming  environs,  rich  in  both 
natural  beauties  and  artificial  embellish- 
ments ;  consists  partly  of  plain  old  streets, 
partly  of  neat  modern  streets,  and  partly 
of  a  long  main  handsome  street  of  1835  ; 
and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments, 2  railway  stations,  6  banking  offices, 
4  hotels,  county  buildings  of  1834,  a  large 
handsome  parochial  church  of  1732,  a 
quoad  sacra  parochial  church  of  1877,  2 
chapels-of-ease,  2  Free  churches,  4  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  Congregational, 
Evangelical  Union,  Episcopalian,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  an  academy 
transmuted    in  1876  into  a  secondary 


public  school,  2  primary  public  schools,  a 
mechanics'  institution,  and  a  combination 
poorhouse.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£71,512.  Pop.  13,955.— The  ducal  seat, 
Hamilton  Palace,  stands  on  low  ground 
between  the  town  and  the  Clyde ;  includes 
a  tower  of  1591,  a  great  enlargement  of 
1705,  and  a  splendid  extension  of  1822-42  ; 
presents  to  the  north  a  frontage  of  265 
feet,  with  lofty  double-columned  Corin- 
thian portico  ;  and  has  exquisite  extensive 
grounds,  containing  a  gorgeous  mausoleum, 
Cadzow  Castle,  and  Chatelherault  Chateau. 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Allanton,  Darngaber,  Ferniegair,  and  Low- 
waters,  and  part  of  the  towns  of  Mother- 
well and  Larkhall.  It  length  is  5^  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  4f  miles  ;  its  area 
14,243  acres.  Real  property  of  landward 
part  in  1880-81,  £81,822.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,26, 231;  quoad  sacra,  18, 645.  The  sur- 
face is  partly  valley  along  the  Clyde,  partly 
deep  dell  along  the  Avon,  partly  ravines 
along  burns,  partly  an  undulating  ascent 
toward  heights  of  about  600  feet  in  alti- 
tude, and  aggregately  rich  and  beautiful. 
Coal,  iron-ore,  and  limestone  are  found, 
and  the  coal  is  extensively  worked.  Chief 
seats,  besides  the  ducal  palace,  are  Earnock, 
Ross,  Fairhill,  Grovemount,  Neilsland, 
Fairholm,  and  Edlewood ;  and  chief  anti- 
quities are  Cadzow  Castle,  ruins  of  Darn- 
gaber Castle,  gardens  at  Barncluith,  a 
moat-hill  to  the  north  of  the  palace,  and 
a  tumulus  at  Meikle-Earnock.  15  schools 
for  3511  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  7 
of  them  for  1800  are  new. 

HAMILTON-FARME,  estate,  with  col- 
liery and  site  of  ancient  tumulus,  in 
Rutherglen  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

HAMMER,  bold  high  headland  in  south 
of  Bressay  Island,  Shetland. 

HAMMERS,  voe  or  bay  on  west  side  of 
Northmaven  parish,  Shetland. 

HAMMERSNESS,  headland  in  north- 
west of  Fetlar  Island,  Shetland. 

HAMNA,  voe  or  bay  on  north  side  of 
Northmaven  parish,  Shetland. 

HAMNA,  voe  or  bay  in  south  end  of 
Yell  Island,  Shetland. 

HAMNAWAY,  bay  off  north  side  of  Loch 
Resort,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

HANDA,  island,  2\  miles  north-west  of 
Scourie,  Sutherland.  It  is  proximately 
circular,  about  1^  mile  in  diameter ;  it 
consists  of  deeply -inclined  sandstone 
strata,  with  rapid  slope  toward  the  main- 
land ;  it  presents  to  the  sea  fissured 
cliffs  from  500  to  700  feet  high;  it 
swarms  all  round  with  sea-fowl ;  and  it 
commands  from  its  summit  an  impressive 
view  of  a  long  reach  of  lofty  seaboard. 

HANDERICK,  promontory  at  north  side 
of  Little  Lochbroom,  Ross-shire. 

HANG -CLIFF,  precipitous  headland, 
nearly  500  feet  high,  on  east  of  Noss 
Island,  Shetland. 

HANGINGSHAW,  village  in  Cathcart 
parish,  Renfrewshire.    Pop.  272. 

HANGINGSHAW,  ruined  notable  seat 
P 


HAN 


226 


HAR 


on  Yarrow  river,  in  vicinity  of  Yarrow- 
ford,  Selkirkshire ;  and  mountain,  cul- 
minating 2  miles  north-north-west  of 
Yarrowford. 

HANGINGSHAW,  place  near  Heriot 
railway  station,  Edinburghshire. 

HANLEY,  seat  in  west  of  Corstorphine 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

HAPLAND,  burn  in  Durrisdeer  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

HAPPYLAND,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Walls  parish,  Shetland. 

HARBURN,  railway  station  and  seat, 
15  miles  south-west  of  Edinburgh. 

HARDACRES,  hill,  with  traces  of  ancient 
entrenchments,  in  Eccles  parish,  Berwick- 
shire. 

HARDEN,  a  seat  of  Lord  Polwarth,  4 
miles  south-west  of  Hawick,  Roxburgh- 
shire. It  has  interesting  historical 
associations,  and  some  relics  of  feudal 
art. 

HARDGATE,  manufacturing  village 
suburban  to  Duntocher,  Dumbarton- 
shire.   Pop.  500. 

HARDGATE,  village  in  Urr  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  102  scholars. 

HARDGATE,  Aberdeenshire.  See  Clatt. 

HARDHILL,  coal-field  in  Bathgate 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

HARDINGTON,  seat  in  Wiston  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

HARDMOOR,  small  eminence,  formerly 
covered  with  heath,  but  now  covered 
with  wood,  on  north-west  verge  of 
Elginshire.  It  is  Shakespeare's  scene 
of  Macbeth's  meeting  with  the  weird 
sisters. 

HARELAW,  moor,  with  chalybeate 
spring  and  vestige  of  Roman  camp,  in 
Westruther  parish,  Berwickshire. 

HARELAW,  place,  with  public  school, 
lime  works,  and  site  of  ancient  Border 
tower,  in  Canonbie  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

HARELAW,  moor,  with  site  of  immense 
cairn,  in  Currie  parish,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

HARELAW,  place,  with  remains  of 
very  large  cairn,  in  East  Kilbride  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

HARES,  deep  ravine  in  Arbuthnot 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

HARESTANES,  lake  and  limestone 
quarry  in  Carluke  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

HARESTANES,  burn  in  Tweedsmuir 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

HAREWOOD,  seat  on  the  Yarrow,  3| 
miles  west-north-west  of  Selkirk. 

HARKERS,  ridge  of  sea-rocks  in  front 
of  Eyemouth  harbour,  Berwickshire. 

HARLAMUIR,  coal-field  in  Linton 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

HARLAND,  seat  in  Wick  parish,  Caith- 

HARLAW,  battlefield  of  1411  in  Chapel- 
of-Garioch  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

HARLOSH,  place  in  south-west  of  Isle 
of  Skye.    It  has  a  post  office  under  Portree. 


HAROLD'S  TOWER,  striking  modern 
monument,  2  miles  east  of  Thurso,  Caith- 
ness. It  stands  on  the  grave  of  Earl 
Harold,  who  was  slain  in  battle  in  1190. 

HAROLDSWICK,  hamlet  and  bay  on 
east  side  of  Unst,  Shetland.  The  hamlet 
has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick. 

HARPERFIELD,  seat  adjacent  to  con- 
flux of  the  Douglas  and  the  Clyde,  3 
miles  south-south-west  of  Lanark. 

HARPORT,  sea-loch,  6  miles  long,  de- 
flecting south-eastward  from  Loch  Braca- 
dale,  Isle  of  Skye. 

HARPSDALE,  hamlet  in  Halkirk  parish, 
Caithness.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  62  scholars. 

HARRAY,  parish  annexed  to  Birsay,  in 
Orkney.    See  Birsay. 

HARRIS,  parish  comprehending  southern 
part  of  Lewis,  inhabited  islands  of  Ber- 
nera,  Ensay,  Flodda,  Killigray,  Pabba, 
St.  Kilda,  Scalpa,  Scarp,  Scotsway,  and 
Tarransay,  and  numerous  uninhabited 
islets,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Stornoway.  The  length  of 
its  main  or  Lewis  part  is  23^  miles  ;  the 
greatest  breadth  15  miles.  Real  property 
of  the  whole  in  1880-81,  £5979.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  4814 ;  quoad  sacra,  4330.  The 
main  part  connects  with  Lewis-proper  by 
an  isthmus  of  7  miles  ;  is  nearly  bisected 
in  its  middle  by  East  and  West  Lochs 
Tarbert ;  has  coasts  variously  sandy,  pre- 
cipitously rocky,  and  much  indented  with 
bays  and  creeks ;  contains  very  little  arable 
land ;  is  chiefly  moorish,  hilly,  and  moun- 
tainous, with  summits  on  central  line  of 
from  1000  to  2662  feet  high  ;  and  abounds 
in  deer,  grouse,  sea-fowl,  and  many  kinds 
of  fish.  Scandinavian  forts  made  some 
figure,  but  were  all  removed  for  erection 
of  other  buildings.  An  Augustinian  monas- 
tery, on  site  of  Culdee  cell,  stood  at  Rowa- 
dill,  and  had  a  number  of  subordinate 
chapels,  but  is  now  represented  by  only 
some  remains  of  its  church.  The  present 
places  of  worship  are  2  Established  and  2 
Free.  There  are  11  schools  for  909  scholars, 
and  10  of  them  for  825  are  new. 

HARRIS,  sound  between  Lewis  and 
North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  measures 
9  miles  in  length,  and  from  8  to  12  in 
breadth ;  forms  the  only  navigable  channel 
for  large  vessels  through  Long  Island  ; 
contains  numerous  islands  ;  and  is  much 
encumbered  with  islets,  rocks,  and  shoals. 

HARROW,  small  lake  in  Kells  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

HARTFELL,  mountain,  2651  feet  high, 
culminating  at  5£  miles  north-north-east  of 
Moffat,  Dumfriesshire.    See  MOFFAT. 

HARTFELL,  hill,  1085  feet  high,  7  miles 
north-east  of  Lockerby,  Dumfriesshire. 

HARTFIELD,  seat,  11  miles  east-south- 
east of  Thurso,  Caithness. 

HARTFIELD,  estate  in  Neilston  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

HARTHILL,  town  and  quoad  sacra  par- 
ish on  north-east  verge  of  Lanarkshire. 


HAR 


227 


HAW 


The  town  stands  4  miles  north  of  Shotts 
railway  station,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Bathgate,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
190  scholars.  Pop.  1441.  The  parish  is 
called  Harthill  and  Benhar.    Pop.  3444. 

HARTHILL,  ruined  castle  in  Oyne  par- 
ish, Aberdeenshire. 

HARTHOPE,  section  of  Moffat  parish 
within  Lanarkshire. 

HARTIE,  wild  pass  through  Cuchullin 
Mountains,  Isle  of  Skye. 

HAR  TREE,  seat  in  Culter  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

HARTRIGGE,  a  seat  of  Lord  Stratheden 
in  Jedburgh  parish,  Koxburghshire. 

HARTS  GARTH,  mountain,  1806  feet 
high,  8  miles  north-east  of  Langholm, 
Dumfriesshire. 

HARTSHAW,  site  of  old  hunting-seat  in 
Clackmannan  parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

HARTSIDE.  burn  and  district  in  Wan- 
dell  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

HART'S  LEAP,  hill-pass,  2J  miles  south- 
east of  St.  Mary's  Loch,  Selkirkshire. 

HARTWOOD,  seat  in  West  Calder  par- 
ish, Edinburghshire. 

HARVIESTON,  seat  in  Borthwick  par- 
ish, Edinburghshire. 

HARVIESTON,  seat  in  Tillicoultry 
parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

HASCUSSAY,  island,  2  miles  long,  be- 
tween Yell  and  Fetlar,  Shetland. 

HASKEVAL,  mountain,  2667  feet  high, 
in  Rum  Island,  Inner  Hebrides. 

HASSENDEAN,  railway  station,  beautiful 
dell,  and  ancient  parish,  4£  miles  north- 
east of  Hawick,  Roxburghshire.  The  par- 
ish, known  also  as  Hazendean  and  Halt- 
stanedean,  had  a  Norman  church,  a 
monastic  cell,  and  a  peel  tower,  all  now 
extinct ;  figures  conspicuously  in  both  his- 
tory and  song ;  and  was  annexed  mainly 
to  Minto  and  partly  to  Wilton  and 
Boberton. 

HATHERSTANE,  mountain,  on  mutual 
border  of  Lamington  and  Culter  parishes, 
Lanarkshire. 

HATTON,  hamlet  in  Cruden  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Ellon,  and  a  public  school  with  about  151 
scholars. 

HATTON,  seat  in  Turriff  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

HATTON,  hill  and  ruined  castle  in  New- 
tyle  parish,  Forfarshire. 

HATTON,  seat  in  Marykirk  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

HATTON,  seat  in  Ratho  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

HATTONDEN,  place,  with  spinning-mills, 
in  Kinnell  parish,  Forfarshire. 

HATTON  (WESTER),  hamlet,  with  public 
school,  in  Belhelvie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

HAUGH,  village  in  Mauchline  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

HAUGH,  place,  with  factories,  in  Mark- 
inch  parish,  Fife. 

HAUGH,  rich  mineral  tract  in  Abbey- 
Paisley  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

HAUGH-HEAD,  village  in  Campsie  par- 


ish, Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Glasgow. 

HAUGH-HEAD,  seat  in  Eckford  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

HAUGH  OF  URR,  village,  4  miles  north- 
east of  Castle-Douglas,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Dalbeattie. 
Pop.  207. 

HAUGHS,  small  bay  in  Benholm  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 
HAUGHSHAW,  hills  in  Douglas  parish, 

HAUGHS  OF  CROMDALE,  battlefield  of 
1690  on  the  Spey,  3^  miles  north-east  of 
Grantown,  Elginshire. 

HAUGHTON,  seat  in  Alford  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

HAUSTER,  stream,  running  8  miles 
north-eastward  to  Wick  rivulet  at  1J 
mile  west  of  Wick  town,  Caithness. 

HA  VERA.    See  Hevera. 

HAVERSAY,  pastoral  islet  in  Bracadale 
parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

HAWICK,  town  and  parish  in  south-west 
of  Roxburghshire.  The  town  stands  on 
the  Teviot,  50  miles  by  road,  but  53  by 
railway,  south-east-by-south  of  Edinburgh  ; 
occupies  a  fine  piece  of  valley,  closely 
environed  by  pleasant  hills  ;  appears  first 
on  record  in  1214,  but  may  have  been  of 
much  earlier  date ;  figured  often  and 
strongly  in  the  events  of  Border  warfare 
and  foray;  was  several  times  burnt  by 
English  armies ;  contained,  for  a  long 
time,  such  a  number  of  strongly  con- 
structed houses  as  to  possess  much  mili- 
tary strength ;  passed,  after  the  national 
union,  into  a  decayed  and  mean  condition  ; 
rose,  from  about  1791  to  a  recent  period, 
into  great  prosperity  and  size  as  a  seat  of 
woollen  manufacture ;  ranks  now  as  a 
burgh,  uniting  with  Galashiels  and  Sel- 
kirk in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ; 
includes  within  its  burgh  boundaries 
Hawick-proper  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Teviot,  and  Wilton  suburb  on  the  left 
bank ;  publishes  2  weekly  newspapers ; 
and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments, a  railway  station,  5  banking  offices, 
4  hotels,  a  modernized  strong  ancient  fort- 
alice  forming  part  of  one  of  the  hotels, 
a  large  circular  earthen  mound  serving 
anciently  as  a  seat  of  justice,  a  renovated 
town  hall,  14  or  more  large  factories,  a 
number  of  handsome  private  and  semi- 
public  buildings,  extensive  well-contrived 
drainage  works  commenced  in  1876,  a  new 
large  water  supply  at  a  cost  of  about 
£16,000  in  1880,  a  spacious  ornate  modern 
parochial  church,  2  other  Established 
churches,  1  of  them  erected  in  1880,  a 
steepled  Free  church  of  1869,  2  other 
Free  churches,  3  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  Evangelical  Union,  Baptist, 
Episcopalian,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  6  public  schools,  and  a  number 
of  local  institutions.  Real  property  of 
the  burgh  in  1880-81,  £54,307.  Pop., 
of  Hawick-proper,  11,336  ;  of  the  entire 
burgh,  16,1S1.  — The  parish  is  about  6 


HAW 


228 


HEB 


miles  long,  and  from  2  to  3  miles  broad, 
and  comprises  6112  acres.  Real  property 
of  landward  part  in  1880-81,  £4904.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  11,758  ;  quoad  sacra,  6218. 
A  rich  belt  of  valley  extends  along  the 
Teviot ;  the  deep  narrow  vale  of  Slitrig 
rivulet  descends  to  that  at  the  town  ;  and 
the  rest  of  the  surface  is  hilly,  and  has  sum- 
mits upwards  of  800  feet  high.  Chief 
objects  are  Branxholm  House  and  Goldie- 
lands  Tower.  There  are  12  schools  for 
2606  scholars,  and  2  of  the  schools  and  3 
enlargements  for  1427  are  new. 

HAWICK -ST.  MARY,  quoad  sacra 
parish  with  church  in  Hawick.  Pop. 
5540. 

HAWKCRAIG,  cliff  adjacent  to  Aber- 
dour  village,  Fife. 

HAWKHEAD,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Glasgow,  2  miles  south-east  of  Paisley, 
Renfrewshire. 

HAWKHEAD,  Ayrshire.    See  Aye. 

HAWKHILL,  place  in  Lunan  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

HAWKLAW,  eminence,  with  large  cairn, 
in  Bourtie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

HAWKLEYMOOR,  upper  part  of  Sinclair- 
town,  Fife. 

HAWKSHAW,  place,  with  vestige  of 
ancient  castle,  in  Tweedsmuir  parish, 
PcclolGssliirG 

HAWKSTONE,  hamlet  in  St.  Madoes 
parish,  Perthshire. 

HAWTHORNDEN,  railway  station  and 
seat  of  Sir  J.  H.  Williams-Drummond, 
Bart.,  3£  miles  south-west  of  Eskbank, 
Edinburghshire.  The  seat  stands  on  a 
cliff  overhanging  the  North  Esk  ;  was  the 
residence  of  the  poet  Drummond,  who 
lived  from  1585  till  1649  ;  and  has  richly 
picturesque  grounds,  including  remains  of 
very  ancient  baronial  fortalice,  two  tiers  of 
remarkable  caves,  and  a  striking  reach  of 
the  North  Esk's  ravine. 

HAWTREE,  place,  with  remains  of 
Roman  camp,  in  Stow  parish,  Edinburgh  - 
shire. 

HAXALGATE,  ancient  road  up  Eildon 
Hills,  Roxburghshire. 

HAYFIELD,  seat  near  Rutherglen,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

HAYLAND,  lake  in  Dunnet  parish, 
Caithness. 

HAYMARKET,  western  suburb  of  Edin- 
burgh. It  has  a  railway  station,  origin- 
ally the  terminus  of  the  Edinburgh  and 
Glasgow  Railway,  and  a  United  Presby- 
terian church. 

HAYOCKS,  seat  in  Stevenston  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

HAYSTON,  hill,  with  ancient  small 
circular  moat,  in  Glammis  parish,  For- 
farshire. 

HAYSTONE,  a  seat  of  Sir  Robert  Play, 
Bart.,  If  mile  south  -  south  -  east  of 
Peebles. 

HAYWOOD,  town  in  Carnwath  parish, 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Lanark,  and  a  chapel-of-ease  erected  in 
1878.    Pop.  1121. 


HAZELBANK,  village  in  Lesmahagow 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  319. 

HAZELBRAE,  seat  at  Loch  Meikle,  in 
Glenurquhart,  Inverness-shire. 

HAZELDEAN.    See  Hassendean. 

HAZELHEAD,  seat  in  Newhills  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

HAZELHEAD,  seat  in  Beith  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

HEACLE,  or  HECLA,  mountain,  1992 
feet  high,  in  South  Uist  Island,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

HEADLESSCROSS,  place,  with  rich  iron- 
ore,  in  Cambusnethan  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

HEADS,  seat  and  hamlet  in  Glassford 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

HEADS  OF  AYR.    See  Ayr. 

HEADSHAW,  small  lake  in  Ashkirk  par- 
ish, Roxburghshire. 

HEARTHILL.  See  Hamthill,  Lanark- 
shire. 

HEATHCOTE,  seat  in  Maryculter  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

HEATH  COTTAGE,  place,  near  Longmorn 
railway  station,  Elginshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Elgin. 

HEATHERHOPE,  small  vale  in  Hounam 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

HEATHER  WICK,  seat  in  Dunbar  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

HEATHERY-ROW,  village  adjacent  to 
Gasstown,  in  Dumfries  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

HEATHFIELD,  seat  of  fire-clay  manufac- 
ture, adjacent  to  Garnkirk,  Lanarkshire. 

HEBRIDES,  anciently  the  Western 
Islands  of  Scotland,  the  peninsula  of  Kin- 
tyre,  the  islands  in  Firth  of  Clyde,  the 
Isle  of  Man  and  adjacent  islands  in  centre 
of  Irish  Sea,  and  Rachlin  or  Rachery 
Island  off  north  coast  of  Ireland ;  but  in 
modern  times  only  the  Western  Islands  of 
Scotland.  These  lie  off  the  mainland 
from  a  line  about  middle  of  Kintyre  to  a 
line  near  north  of  Sutherland,  and  are, 
with  trivial  exceptions,  disposed  in  three 
groups  called  Inner  Hebrides,  Outer 
Hebrides,  and  St.  Kilda.  The  Inner 
Hebrides  are  partly  interlocked  with  pro- 
jections of  the  mainland  ;  extend  from  a 
line  about  middle  of  Kintyre,  to  a  line 
about  middle  of  Ross-shire ;  and  compre- 
hend the  main  groups  of  Islay,  Mull, 
Tyree,  and  Skye,  together  with  neigh- 
bouring and  intermediate  islands.  The 
Outer  Hebrides  lie  from  15  to  31  miles  west 
of  nearest  parts  of  the  Inner ;  extend  about 
150  miles  north-north -eastward  from  about 
the  line  of  Ardnamurchan  Point  to  aline  near 
north  of  Sutherland  ;  comprehend  Barra, 
South  Uist,  Benbecula,  North  Uist,  Har- 
ris, and  Lewis,  together  with  a  multitude 
of  smaller  islands  ;  are  so  comparatively 
compact  from  end  to  end  as  to  be  often 
designated  by  the  one  name  of  Long 
Island,  and  as  to  afford  passage  for  large 
vessels  through  only  one  strait,  the  Sound 
of  Harris  ;  and,  in  a  general  view,  increase 
m  size   and  importance  from   south  to 


HEO 


229 


HER 


north.  St.  Kilda  group  lies  about  50  miles 
west  of  a  westerly  island  in  centre  of 
Outer  Hebrides,  and  is  so  very  small  as  to 
challenge  notice  mainly  on  account  of  its 
special  position,  structure,  and  natural 
history.  The  entire  Hebrides  are  com- 
puted to  have  an  area  of  somewhat  more 
than  3184  square  miles.  They  come 
charmingly  into  the  view  of  history  in  con- 
nection with  the  Culdees  of  Iona ;  they 
began  about  the  close  of  8th  century  to  be 
assailed  and  overrun  by  the  Scandinavian 
pirates  and  vikings ;  they  passed  by  con- 
quest in  990  to  the  Earl  of  Orkney  ;  they 
became  about  1158  the  dominion  of  the 
Lords  of  the  Isles ;  they  were  often  and 
much  affected  by  contests  between  these 
lords  and  the  kings  of  Scotland ;  and 
about  1545  they  passed  completely  under 
the  Scottish  sceptre. 

HECK,  village  in  Lochmaben  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

HECLA.    See  Heacle. 

HECLABOR,  curious  rock  on  west  coast 
of  Cross  parish,  Sanday  Island,  Orkney. 

HEDDERWICK,  seat  near  Dubton  Junc- 
tion railway  station,  Forfarshire. 

HEISKER,  island,  1\  miles  west  of  middle 
coast  of  North  "Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 
Pop.  111. 

HEITON,  village,  2|  miles  south-by- west 
of  Kelso,  Roxburghshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Kelso. 

HELDAZAY.    See  HiLDESAT. 

HELENSBURGH,  town  on  north  coast 
of  Firth  of  Clyde,  opposite  Greenock,  and 
8  miles  west-north-west  of  Dumbarton. 
It  was  founded  in  1777 ;  it  enjoyed  from 
the  first  remarkable  advantages  of  plan 
and  position;  it  took  a  first  rank  among 
watering-places  at  the  era  of  steam  navi- 
gation ;  and  it  has  steadily  advanced  in 
attractiveness  and  size.  It  adjoins  the 
mouth  of  Gareloch ;  stands  partly  on  a 
belt  of  low  ground  along  the  beach,  partly 
on  gentle  ascending  skirt  of  broad-based, 
hill-range ;  commands  from  all  its  area 
very  fine  views ;  consists  chiefly  of  a  ter- 
race fronting  the  beach,  and  spacious 
straight  thoroughfares  crossing  one  another 
at  right  angles;  and  abounds  in  villas, 
ornate  cottages,  garden  plots,  and  shrub- 
beries. It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Glasgow,  a  terminal  railway  station,  3 
banking  offices,  2  hotels,  a  steamboat  pier 
sold  to  the  North  British  Company  in  1876 
for  £10,000,  municipal  buildings  of  1879, 
an  obeliskal  monument  to  Henry  Bell,  2 
Established  churches  of  1847  and  1880,  2 
steepled  Free  churches  of  1852  and  1860, 
a  steepled  United  Presbyterian  church  of 
1855,  a  Congregational  church  projected 
in  1881  in  lieu  of  a  previous  one,  an  Epis- 
copal church  of  1869,  a  Roman  Catholic 
church  of  1880,  2  large  public  schools,  a 
public  library,  and  a  fine  bowling-green  ; 
it  publishes  2  weekly  newspapers  ;  and  it 
was  designed  in  1880  to  acquire  an  exten- 
sive esplanade,  public  baths,  aquarium, 


band-stand,  and  fountain.  Its  population 
at  the  census  of  1881  was  7690 ;  but  that 
in  the  summer  months  was  probably  three 
times  greater. 

HELLISAY,  island,  1\  miles  north-east 
of  Barra,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  9. 

HELLMOOR,  lake,  9|  miles  south-west 
of  Selkirk. 

HELL'S  CLEUGH,  or  PYKED  STANE, 
lofty  mountain,  with  small  cairn  and 
extensive  view,  9  miles  west  of  Peebles. 

HELL'S  GLEN,  deep,  rugged,  gloomy 
glen,  4  miles  long,  traversed  by  road  from 
Lochgoilhead  to  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 

HELL'S  LUM,  curious  large  cavern  on 
Gamrie  coast,  Banffshire. 

HELL'S  SKERRIES,  cluster  of  islets, 
about  10  miles  west  of  Rum,  Inner 
Hebrides. 

HELMSDALE,  river  and  town  on  east 
side  of  Sutherland.  The  river  draws 
head-streams  from  a  number  of  mountain 
lakes ;  traverses  a  glen  overhung  by  high 
bleak  uplands ;  runs  26  miles  south- 
eastward to  the  sea  at  the  town;  and 
is  followed  more  than  half-way  by  the 
Caithness  and  Sutherland  Railway. — The 
town  stands  on  the  coast,  17  miles  east 
of  Golspie ;  comprises  Helmsdale-proper, 
East  Helmsdale,  "West  Helmsdale,  and 
Marrel;  is  the  headquarters  of  a  fishery 
district ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Sutherlandshire,  a  railway  station, 
a  good  inn,  a  harbour,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  2  public  schools  with 
about  289  scholars.  Pop.  711.  Helms- 
dale Castle,  adjacent  to  the  town,  was 
erected  in  1488  by  a  Countess  of  Suther- 
land ;  was  the  death-place  by  poison  of 
the  eleventh  Earl  of  Sutherland  and  his 
countess  ;  and  is  now  a  picturesque  ruin. 

HELSHETTER,  place,  with  medicinal 
spring,  in  Reay  parish,  Caithness. 

HELVELS,  or  MACLEOD'S  TABLES.  See 
Benhalival. 

HEMPRIGGS,  seat  and  lake  in  Wick 
parish,  Caithness. 

HENDERLAND,  ruined  fortalice  on 
Megget  rivulet,  south  border  of  Peebles- 
shire, §  mile  from  St.  Mary's  Loch.  It 
belonged  to  the  riever  Percy  Cockburn, 
and  wras  the  scene  of  the  tragedy  narrated 
in  the  well-known  '  Lament  of  the  Border 
Widow.' 

HENDERSYDE,  seat  in  Ednam  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

HENMUIR,  coal-field  in  Gladsmuir 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

HENRIETTATOWN,  part  of  Avoch  town, 
Ross-shire. 

HENWOOD,  strong  natural  fastness  in 
Oxnam  parish,  Roxburghshire.  It  was  a 
great  retreat  in  the  Border  forays,  and 
gave  rise  to  the  famous  war-cry,  'A 
Henwoody. ' 

HEOGALAND,  islet  adjacent  to  Unst, 
Shetland. 

HERBERTSHIRE,  suburb  of  Denny,  and 
ancient  castle  in  that  suburb's  vicinity,  Stir- 


HER 


230 


HIG 


lingshire.  North  Herbertshire  and  South 
Herbertshire  are  divisions  of  Denny  parish. 

HERD,  headland,  7  miles  south-by-west 
of  Cape  Wrath,  Sutherland. 

HERDMANSTON,  estate,  with  remains 
of  ancient  castle,  in  Salton  parish,  Had- 
dingtonshire. 

HERDSMAN,  basaltic  islet  adjacent  to 
Staffa,  Argyleshire. 

HERIOT,  rivulet  and  parish  in  south- 
east of  Edinburghshire.  The  rivulet  rises 
among  the  highest  of  the  Moorfoot  Hills, 
and  runs  7 \  miles  eastward  to  the  Gala. — 
The  parish  consists  of  that  rivulet's  basin, 
and  small  portion  of  uppermost  part  of 
the  Gala's  basin ;  measures  1\  miles  in 
length,  4£  miles  in  greatest  breadth,  and 
15,013  acx-es  in  area;  and  has  a  railway 
station  and  a  post  office,  19j  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Edinburgh.  Its  post  office 
is  designated  of  Midlothian.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £7409.  Pop.  429.  Some 
low  flat  lands  are  adjacent  to  the  streams, 
but  pastoral  hills  and  mountains  fill  most 
of  the  area.  Chief  objects  are  a  fine  Cale- 
donian stone  circle,  and  traces  of  several 
ancient  camps.  The  public  school  has 
accommodation  for  111  scholars. 

HERIOTFIELD,  village  in  Monzie  parish, 
Perthshire.   Ithasapost  office  under  Perth. 

HERMAND,  seat  in  "West  Calder  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

HERMANESS,  headland  in  extreme 
north  of  Unst,  Shetland. 

HERMATRA,  islet,  If  mile  north-east  of 
North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

HERMISTON,  village,  If  mile  north  of 
Currie,  Edinburghshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Currie. 

HERMITAGE,  rivulet,  castle,  and  public 
school  in  Castleton  parish,  Roxburghshire. 
The  rivulet  rises  near  the  watershed  with 
Dumfriesshire ;  runs  about  10  miles,  mainly 
eastward  to  the  Castle,  then  mainly  south- 
ward to  the  Liddel ;  and  has  its  course 
chiefly  among  wild  pastoral  mountains, 
but  afterwards  along  a  pleasant  vale. — The 
Castle  stands  adjacent  to  it,  3  miles  north- 
west-by-west of  Steele  Road  railway  sta- 
tion ;  was  erected  in  13th  century ; 
belonged  to  successively  the  Comyns, 
the  Soulises,  the  Douglases,  the  Hep- 
burns,  and  the  Buccleuch-Scotts ;  figures 
notably  in  connection  with  a  visit  to  it 
by  Queen  Mary  when  the  Earl  of  Bothwell 
was  in  it;  and  is  the  largest,  most  im- 
posing, and  best  preserved  of  the  Border 
baronial  fortalices.  The  public  school  has 
about  48  scholars. 

HERRIOT'S  DYKE,  ancient  rampart 
from  north-west  of  Berwickshire  eastward 
through  that  county  to  Berwick.  It 
seems  to  have  consisted  of  wall  and  ditch, 
and  it  has  left  some  vestiges. 

HESTON,  islet  at  mouth  of  Auchen- 
cairn  Bay,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

HEUGH-HEAD,  hamlet  in  Strathdon 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

HEUGH-HEAD,  quondam  Border  peel  in 
Coldingham  parish,  Berwickshire. 


HEUGHMILL,  lake  in  Craigie  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

HEULIM,  ferry,  with  inn  at  its  east 
end,  on  Loch  Eriboll,  Sutherland. 

HEVERA,  island  in  Scalloway  Bay, 
Shetland.    Pop.  35. 

HEYNISH,  bay,  with  pier,  in  Tyree 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

HIER,  reputedly  sacred  well  in  St. 
Boswell's  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

HIETON.    See  Heiton. 

HIGGINS-NOOK,  seat  in  Airth  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

HIGHAUCHNANE,  place,  with  remains 
of  Caledonian  fort,  in  Tinwald  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

HIGH  BLANTYRE.    See  Blanttre. 

HIGH  CHANG,  hill  in  New  Cumnock 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

HIGH  CHESTERS,  eminence,  with  ancient 
camp  and  extensive  view,  in  Roberton 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

HIGH  CHURCH,  parish,  with  Established 
and  Free  churches,  in  Old  Town,  Edin- 
burgh.   Pop.  2448. 

HIGH  CHURCH,  parish,  with  Established 
and  Free  churches,  in  Paisley.  Pop. ,  quoad 
civilia,  17,914  ;  quoad  sacra,  8889. 

HIGH  CHURCH,  INNER  HIGH,  or  ST. 
MUNGO,  parish,  with  church  in  Cathe- 
dral, in  north  of  Glasgow.  Pop.,  quoad 
sacra,  8055. 

HIGHFIELD,  seat  in  Urray  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

HIGHLANDMAN,  railway  station,  \\  mile 
south-west  of  Crieff,  Perthshire. 

HIGHLAND  RAILWAY,  railway  system 
from  junction  with  the  Caledonian  at 
Stanley,  in  Perthshire,  northward  into 
junction  with  the  Sutherland  and  Caith- 
ness onward  to  Wick  and  Thurso.  It 
comprehends,  by  amalgamation,  the  Perth 
and  Dunk  eld,  the  Perth  and  Inverness 
junction,  with  branch  to  Aberfeldy,  the 
Aberdeen  and  Inverness  junction  from 
Keith  to  Nairn,  the  Inverness  and  Nairn, 
the  Inverness  and  Ross-shire,  and  the 
Dingwall  and  Skye, — the  last  amalgamated 
with  it  in  1880 ;  and  it  yielded  a  dividend 
of  5  per  cent,  on  ordinary  stock  in  1880. 
The  amount,  in  1879-80,  of  its  stock  and 
share  capital,  was  £2,656,071;  of  its  or- 
dinary capital,  £1,562,345 ;  of  its  loans 
and  debenture  stock,  £800,480. 

HIGHLANDS,  in  one  sense,  all  the 
mountainous  country  north  -  west  and 
north  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde ;  in  another 
sense,  all  the  country  of  the  old  feudal 
Celtic  clans ;  in  a  third  sense,  all  the 
country  inhabited  by  Gaelic-speaking  popu- 
lation. But,  in  each  of  the  senses,  the 
word  requires  to  be  qualified.  The  moun- 
tainous country  embraces  a  large  aggregate 
of  valley  and  plain,  and  adjoins  a  still 
larger  aggregate  of  territory  strictly  akin 
in  surface,  history,  and  usages  to  the 
Southern  Lowlands.  The  country  of  the 
feudal  clans,  while  mainly  identical  with 
the  restrictedly  understood  mountainous 
country,  included  also  much  of  the  Western 


HIG 


231 


HIL 


Islands  which  had  a  different  history,  and 
are  not  usually  regarded  as  part  of  the 
Highlands,  but  bear  the  separate  name  of 
Hebrides.  The  country  of  the  Gaelic- 
speaking  population  has,  in  modern  times, 
become  greatly  curtailed  both  by  native 
adoption  of  the  English  language  and  by 
extensive  settlement  within  it  of  the 
Scoto-Saxon  race.  The  name  Highlands 
is  thus  exceedingly  indefinite  ;  and  yet,  in 
a  loose  large  sense,  aptly  designates  a  vast 
region  on  and  beyond  the  Grampians, 
exhibiting  mixed  features  of  wildness, 
beauty,  and  sublimity. 

HIGHLANDS  (SOUTHERN).  See  South- 
ern Highlands. 

HIGHLAWS,  hill  in  Eyemouth  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

HIGHMOOR,  medicinal  spring  in  Kirk- 
patrick-Fleming  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HIGH  SUNNYSIDE,  section  or  suburb  of 
Coatbridge,  Lanarkshire. 

HIGHTAE,  village  and  lake  in  Loch- 
maben  parish,  Dumfriesshire.  The  village 
stands  2f  miles  south-south-east  of  Loch- 
maben  town,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Lockerby,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public 
school.  Pop.  324.  The  lake  has  an  area 
of  52  acres. 

HILDERSTON,  hill-ridge,  with  coal  mine, 
in  Torphichen  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

HILDESAY,  island  in  Ting  wall  parish. 
Shetland.    Pop.  7. 

HILL,  seat  in  Kirkmabreck  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

HILL,  seat  near  Kirknewton,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

HILLEND,  village  on  mutual  border  of 
Inverkeithing  and  Dalgetty  parishes,  Fife. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Inverkeithing, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  125  scholars. 

HILLHEAD,  western  suburb  of  Glasgow. 
It  stands  on  right  side  of  the  Kelvin, 
adjacent  to  the  Botanic  Garden  on  the 
north  and  to  the  New  College  on  the 
south ;  occupies  steep  ascents  and  a  broad 
plateau,  within  a  grand  fold  of  the  river  ; 
consists  chiefly  of  well-built  streets  and 
handsome  terraces,  all  of  recent  construc- 
tion ;  was  constituted  a  police  burgh  in 
1869  ;  communicates  by  tramway  with  the 
city ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Glasgow,  3  banking  offices,  an  Established 
church,  2  Free  churches,  1  of  them  built 
in  1881,  and  a  United  Presbyterian  church. 
Rental  in  1880-81,  £78,908.    Pop.  6684. 

HILLHEAD,  place  in  Renfrew  parish, 
Renfrewshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  207  scholars. 

HILLHEAD,  village  and  seat  in  Cockpen 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

HILLHEAD,  suburb  or  section  of  Stran- 
raer, "Wigtonshire. 

HILLHEAD,  seat,  with  splendid  view,  in 
eastern  vicinity  of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire. 

HILLHEAD,  rich  mineral  tract  in  Car- 
luke parish,  Lanarkshire. 

HILLHEAD,  estate  in  Penpont  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 


HILLHOUSE,  hill  in  Wandell  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

HILLIPOL,  place  in  Tyree  Island,  Argyle- 
shire.  It  has  a  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  for  a  pop.  of  1492,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  63  scholars. 

HILL  OF  BEATH,  village  in  Beath  parish, 
Fife.    Pop.  352. 

HILL  OF  BLAIR,  rising-ground,  crowned 
by  parochial  church,  adjacent  to  Blair- 
gowrie, Perthshire. 

HILL  OF  CRICHIE,  eminence,  with 
vestige  of  old  camp,  in  vicinity  of  Inverury, 
Aberdeenshire. 

HILL  OF  CROMARTY.    See  Cromarty. 

HILL  OF  KEILLOR,  village  in  Xewtyle 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

HILL  OF  MULLOCK,  battle -scene  be- 
tween Malcolm  Canmore  and  the  Danes, 
crowned  with  large  cairn,  near  Aboyne, 
Aberdeenshire. 

HILL  OF  NIGG,  hill -ridge,  5  miles 
long,  on  coast  northward  from  mouth  of 
Cromarty  Firth,  Ross-shire.  It  commands 
very  grand  views,  and  presents  to  the  sea 
bold  fissured  cavernous  cliffs. 

HILL  OF  RATTRAY,  large  mound,  with 
remains  of  ancient  castle,  in  Rattray  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

HILLS,  entire  tower  of  ancient  castle  in 
Lochrutton  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

HILLSIDE,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Forfarshire.  The  village  stands 
2  miles  north-north-west  of  Montrose,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Montrose.  Pop.  of 
the  quoad  sacra  parish,  1480. 

HILLSIDE,  place,  7  miles  from  Aberdeen. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Aberdeen. 

HILLSIDE,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Crosshill  quoad  sacra  parish,  Ayrshire. 

HILLSIDE,  seat  in  Aberdour  parish,  Fife. 

HILLSIDE,  seat  in  Saline  parish,  Fife. 

HILLSLOP,  ruined  tower  on  Girthgate, 
northwardfrom01dMelrose,Roxburghshire. 

HILLSWICK,  village,  bay,  and  headland 
in  Northmaven  parish,  Shetland.  The 
village  is  a  small  seaport,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Lerwick. 

HILLTOWN,  north-eastern  suburb  of 
Dundee.  It  contains  a  Free  church  and 
a  large  Roman  Catholic  church.  See  also 
Hilton. 

HILLYLAND,  village  in  Tibbermore 
parish,  Perthshire. 

HILTON,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Whitsome,  Berwickshire. 

HILTON,  fishing  village,  6|  miles  east- 
south-east  of  Tain,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a 
public  school  with  about  109  scholars. 

HILTON,  village  in  Banff  and  Ord 
school-board  district,  Banffshire.  It  has  a 
public  school  with  about  158  scholars. 

HILTON,  village  in  Inverness  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

HILTON,  seat  in  Cupar  parish,  Fife. 

HILTON,  estate,  with  large  cairn,  in 
Fodderty  parish,  Ross-shire. 

HILTON,  seat  near  Aberdeen. 

HILTON,  place,  with  medicinal  spring, 
in  Turriff  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 


HIN 


232 


HOL 


HINDIGARTH,  headland  on  west  coast 
of  Yell  Island,  Shetland. 

HINISDALE,  glen  and  stream  in  Snizort 
parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

HIRSEL,  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Home, 
about  a  mile  north-north-west  of  Cold- 
stream, Berwickshire. 

HIRST,  hill,  with  extensive  view,  in 
Shotts  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

HIRST,  site  of  ancient  Border  town  in 
Gretna  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HIRST,  coal  -  field  in  Cumbernauld 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

HIRTA.    See  Kilda  (St.). 

HOAN,  islet  near  mouth  of  Loch  Eriboll, 
Sutherland. 

HOBGOBLIN  HALL,  famous  part  of  old 
Yester  Castle,  in  Yester  parish,  Hadding- 
tonshire. 

HOBKIRK,  parish  containing  Bonchester 
Bridge  post  office  hamlet  in  south  centre 
of  Roxburghshire.  Its  length  is  nearly 
11  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  less  than 
3  miles ;  its  area  16,193  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £11,973.  Pop.  662. 
The  surface  includes  much  of  the  vale  of 
Rule  river ;  contains  the  beautiful  lofty 
hill  of  Bonchester ;  extends  from  Rubers- 
law  in  the  north  to  the  mountain-range  at 
boundary  with  Liddesdale  on  the  south ; 
and  is  mostly  pastoral.  The  seats  are 
"Wells,  Hallrule,  Weens,  Harwood,  Green- 
river,  Wauchope,  and  Langraw ;  and  the 
chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  a  citadel 
on  Bonchester  Hill.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free,  and  there  is  a  public 
school  with  about  88  scholars. 

HODDAM,  parish,  containing  Eccle- 
fechan  post  town,  in  Annandale,  Dumfries- 
shire. Its  length  is  5|  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  3^-  miles ;  its  area  7514  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,793.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1518 ;  quoad  sacra,  1445. 
The  surface  includes  Brunswark  Hill,  and 
extends  southward  thence  in  successively 
gentle  slope,  rich  plain,  and  luxuriant 
haughs  to  the  river  Annan.  Hoddam 
Castle  is  an  edifice  of  15th  century,  and 
succeeded  a  strong  Border  fortalice  of  its 
own  name,  situated  on  the  Cummertrees 
side  of  the  Annan,  and  demolished  in 
terms  of  a  Border  treaty.  Hoddam  estate 
belonged  to  the  Lords  Herries  ;  passed  to 
successively  the  Earls  of  Annandale,  the 
Earls  of  Southesk,  and  the  family  of 
Sharpe ;  and,  excepting  its  mansion  and 
home  parks,  was  sold  in  lots  in  1877  for 
£240,895.  Interesting  Roman  works  are 
on  Brunswark  Hill ;  and  interesting  spots 
are  the  birth-place  and  the  grave  of 
Thomas  Carlyle.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian. 
The  public  school  includes  old  accommo- 
dation for  173  scholars  and  a  new  class- 
room for  116. 

HODGES,  estate  in  Gladsmuir  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

HOGGANFIELD,  village  and  small  lake 
in  north  -  eastern  vicinity  of  Glasgow. 
Pop.  138. 


HOGGRIGG,  one  of  the  Ochils,  south- 
east of  Craigrossie,  Perthshire. 

HOLE  URN,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  Aber- 
deen.   Pop.  12,634. 

HOLBURNHEAD,  grand  cliffy  headland, 
2  miles  north-by-west  of  Thurso,  Caithness. 
Clett  Rock,  near  its  front,  is  an  insu- 
lated tower-like  mass,  about  250  feet  high. 

HOLEHOUSE,  suburb  of  Neilston,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

HOLEHOUSE,  lofty  hill  in  Kirkmichael 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HOLEKETTLE,  village  in  Kettle  parish, 
Fife. 

HOLEMILL,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Guthrie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

HOLEMILL,  small  lake  in  Craig  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

HOLE  OF  ROW,  lofty  natural  arch  in 
peninsular  crag  on  coast  of  Sandwick,  7 
miles  north-by- west  of  Stromness,  Orkney. 

HOLES  OF  SCRAADA,  two  great  perpen- 
dicular apertures,  at  end  of  two  natural 
tunnels,  on  Northmaven  coast,  Shetland. 

HOLHOUSE,  place,  with  extensive  lime- 
works,  in  Canonbie  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HOLLAND,  seat  in  Papa-Westray  Is- 
land, Orkney. 

HOLLANDBUSH,  village  adjacent  to 
Haggs,  Stirlingshire.    Pop.  201. 

HOLLAND-HIRST,  coal-field  in  Kirkin- 
tilloch parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

HOLLANDS,  bay  on  south  side  of  Stron- 
say  Island,  Orkney. 

HOLLAY,  lake  on  west  side  of  South 
Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

HOLLEE,  hamlet  in  Kirkpatrick-Fleming 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HOLLOCK,  burn  in  Muiravonside  par- 
ish, Stirlingshire. 

HOLLOWS,  well  -  preserved  old  tower, 
stronghold  of  the  notable  riever  Armstrong 
of  Gilnockie,  If  mile  north  of  Canonbie 
village,  Dumfriesshire. 

HOLLOWS,  burn  in  Broughton  parish, 

HOLLOW-WOOD,  or  HOWWOOD,  village, 
3£  miles  west-south-west  of  Johnstone, 
Renfrewshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Paisley,  a  railway  station,  a  chapel-of-ease, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  106  scholars. 
Pop.  333. 

HOLLYBUSH,  seat  near  Dalrymple  vil- 
lage, Ayrshire. 

HOLLYLEE,  seat  in  Innerleithen  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

HOLM,  sound  and  parish  in  south-east 
of  Orkney.  The  sound  separates  Pomona 
from  Burray ;  is  4£  miles  long  and  mostly 
about  2  miles  broad ;  and  contains  the 
islands  of  Lambholm  and  Glimsholm. — 
The  parish  flanks  north  side  of  the  sound ; 
extends  to  within  2£  miles  of  Kirkwall ; 
contains  the  hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  Holm, 
with  post  office  under  Kirkwall ;  includes 
Lambholm  Island ;  and  measures  in  Po- 
mona about  6  miles  by  2.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £2767.  Pop.  1090.  The 
shores  are  mostly  rocky,  and  the  interior 


HOL 


233 


HOL 


consists  mostly  of  light  thin  loamy  land. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  United 
Presbyterian ;  and  there  are  2  public 
schools,  both  of  them  new,  for  180  scholars. 

HOLM,  suburb  of  Stornoway,  and  small 
island  in  mouth  of  Stornoway  harbour, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

HOLM,  small  harbour  in  Dunnet  parish, 
Caithness. 

HOLM,  island  in  Stromness  parish,  Ork- 
ney.   Pop.  8. 

HOLM,  small  island  adjacent  to  east 
side  of  Papa-Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

HOLM,  burn,  with  cascade,  in  Inverness 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

HOLM,  seat  in  Croy  parish,  Inverness. 

HOLM,  estate  in  Kirkconnel  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

HOLM,  estate,  with  site  of  Caledonian 
stone  circle,  in  Holywood  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

HOLMAINS,  bill  and  ruined  tower  in 
Dalton  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HOLMHEAD,  suburb  of  Cumnock,  Ayr- 
shire. 

HOLMHEAD,  village  adjacent  to  Old 
Cathcart,  Renfrewshire. 

HOLM  OF  BALFRON,  hamlet,  with 
United  Presbyterian  church,  near  Balfron, 
Stirlingshire. 

HOLM  OF  FARA,  small  island  adjacent 
to  south-east  end  of  Westray,  Orkney. 

HOLM  OF  GRIMBISTER,  small  island  in 
Firth  parish,  Orkney. 

HOLM  OF  HANTON,  small  island  ad- 
jacent to  southern  extremity  of  Orphir 
parish,  Orkney. 

HOLM  OF  MIDGEARTH,  small  island  adja- 
cent to  north  end  of  StronsayIsland,Orkney. 

HOLM  OF  NOSS,  tabular  islet,  with 
vertical  faces  about  160  feet  high,  ad- 
jacent to  Noss  Island,  Shetland. 

HOLM  OF  PAPAL,  small  island  in  Bressay 
parish,  Orkney. 

HOLMS,  rivulet,  rising  on  Holm-Nick 
Mountain,  and  running  6^  miles  north- 
north-eastward  along  Glenholm  parish  to 
Biggar  river,  near  that  stream's  influx  to 
the  Tweed,  in  south-west  of  Peeblesshire. 

HOLMS,  estate  in  Cadder  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

HOLMS,  three  small  islands  near  north- 
west coast  of  Unst,  Shetland. 

HOLMS  OF  HUIP,  two  small  islands  adja- 
cent to  north  end  of  Stronsay,  Orkney. 

HOLMS  OF  IYE,  two  small  islands 
adjacent  to  Burness  district  of  Sanday 
Island,  Orkney. 

HOLMS  OF  SPURNESS,  two  small 
islands  in  strait  between  Stronsay  and 
Sanday  Islands,  Orkney. 

HOLTON  SQUARE,  collier  village  in 
Alloa  parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

HOLYDEAN,  quondam  strong  castellated 
seat  of  ancestors  of  the  Duke  of  Roxburghe 
in  Bowden  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

HOLY  ISLE,  island,  2\  miles  long,  and 
1009  feet  high,  in  mouth  of  Lamlash 
Bay,  Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  It  rises  in 
tiers  of  cliffs  from  base  to  summit,  and 


contains  a  cave  supposed  to  have  been 
the  retreat  of  an  ancient  hermit. 

HOLY  ISLE,  small  island,  with  ruined 
ancient  church  and  large  ancient  ceme- 
tery, off  north-west  coast  of  Islay  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

HOLY  ISLES.    See  Garvelloch. 

HOLY  LINN,  fine  cascade  on  brook  in 
Balmaclellan  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

HOLY  LOCH,  bay,  about  2  miles  long, 
and  about  a  mile  in  greatest  breadth, 
between  Dunoon-proper  and  Kilmun  sec- 
tions of  Dunoon  parish,  Argyleshire. 

HOLY  POOL,  small  pond,  long  held  in 
superstitious  veneration,  near  middle  of 
Strathfillan,  Perthshire. 

HOLYROOD,  royal  palace  and  ruined 
abbey  in  north-west  corner  of  Queen's 
Park,  adjacent  to  foot  of  Canongate, 
Edinburgh.  A  spacious  yard  in  front  of 
them  contains  a  fountain,  with  three  tiers 
of  statuettes,  erected  in  1859 ;  has,  on  its 
west  side,  royal  mews  and  guard-house, 
erected  about  1858 ;  and  adjoins  there 
the  site  of  ancient  royal  mews,  mint, 
and  government  offices.  The  palace 
originated  in  apartments  within  the 
abbey ;  was  erected,  as  a  separate  edifice, 
in  successive  parts  from  1501  till  1679 ; 
underwent  exterior  renovation  in  1826, 
and  interior  improvement  in  1842 ;  has  a 
quadrangular  form,  with  open  interior 
square  court;  presents  to  the  west  a 
main  frontage  of  two-storey  centre,  with 
surmounting  structure  in  form  of  imperial 
crown,  and  three-storey  projecting  wings, 
with  round  towers  and  conical  roofs ;  and 
contains  Queen  Victoria's  private  apart- 
ments in  modernized  condition,  Queen 
Mary's  apartments  in  nearly  the  same 
condition  as  when  she  lived,  and  a  spacious 
picture-gallery,  serving  for  certain  great 
public  uses.  The  abbey  adjoins  the  eastern 
part  of  north  side  of  the  palace ;  was 
founded  in  1128  for  Augustinian  canons- 
regular  ;  comprised,  for  some  time,  a 
great  extent  and  variety  of  magnificent 
building ;  sustained,  in  1322  and  at  subse- 
quent periods,  such  sweeping  injuries  as 
to  be  now  represented  by  little  more  than 
remains  of  its  church's  nave ;  exhibits,  in 
the  west  front  of  that,  interesting  features 
of  Norman  and  early  English  architecture  ; 
and  contains  the  royal  vault,  with  ashes 
of  numerous  kings  and  princes.  The 
Queen's  Park,  measuring  5  miles  in  cir- 
cuit, and  including  Salisbury  Crag  and 
Arthur's  Seat,  was  once  a  richly  embel- 
lished royal  demesne ;  underwent  aliena- 
tion in  the  time  of  Charles  I.  ;  was 
repurchased  by  the  Crown,  and  begun 
to  be  improved  from  a  desolated  condition, 
in  1844 ;  has  a  drive  winding  round  it, 
with  rich  diversity  of  exquisite  views ; 
and  is  all  open  to  the  public. 

HOLYTOWN,  town  and  quoad  sacra  par- 
ish in  middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The 
town  stands  about  a  mile  east  of  Holytown 
railway  station,  and  11  miles  south-east  of 
Glasgow ;  includes  the  suburb  of  New 


HOL 


234 


HOU 


Stevenston  ;  is  engirt  by  a  very  productive 
portion  of  Lanarkshire  mineral  field  ;  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Lanarkshire,  a  banking  office,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  358  scholars.  Pop.  of  Holy- 
town-proper,  1432 ;  of  Holytown  and  New 
Stevenston,  2480 ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  par- 
ish, 10,449. 

HOLYTOWN  STATION,  village,  10  miles 
south-south-east  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a 
post  office  designated  of  Lanarkshire,  a 
junction  railway  station,  and  a  hotel,  and 
is  a  place  of  great  mineral  traffic. 

HOLYWELLHAUGH,  place  where  Edward 
I.  of  England  and  the  Scottish  nobles  met 
to  determine  the  succession  of  the  Scottish 
crown,  in  Ladykirk  parish,  Berwickshire. 

HOLYWOOD,  village  and  parish  on  west 
border  of  Dumfriesshire.  The  village 
stands  3  miles  north-north-west  of  Dum- 
fries, dates  from  the  time  of  the  Culdees, 
had  an  abbey  of  the  12th  century  de- 
molished in  1779,  and  now  has  a  post 
office  under  Dumfries,  a  railway  station,  a 
parochial  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  113  scholars. — The  parish  measures 
9f  miles  by  2|,  and  comprises  8805  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £12,699.  Pop. 
1078.  The  surface  is  a  rich  portion  of  the 
valley  of  the  Nith,  and,  excepting  a  small 
group  of  low  hill  in  the  extreme  west,  is 
all  level.  The  seats  are  Broomrig,  Cow- 
hill,  Portract,  Gribton,  and  Newtonairds ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  a  tower  of  1590  and 
a  great  ancient  Caledonian  stone  circle. 
There  are  3  schools  for  196  scholars. 

HOME.    See  Hume. 

HOOK,  seat  and  burn  in  Applegarth 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HOPE,  lake  and  river  in  Durness  parish, 
Sutherland.  The  lake  extends  about  6 
miles  northward,  and  is  overhung  on  the 
east  side  of  its  upper  part  by  Benhope. 
The  river  is  a  continuation  of  Strathmore 
rivulet  to  the  lake's  head ;  and  it  traverses 
the  lake,  and  runs  about  a  mile  northward 
thence  to  the  sea. 

HOPEKIRK.    See  Hobkirk. 

HOPEMAN,  seaport  town,  6|  miles  north- 
west of  Elgin.  It  is  of  modern  origin,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Elgin,  a  well-shel- 
tered harbour,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  150  scholars.   Pop.  1323. 

HOPES,  seat  in  Garvald  parish,  Had- 
dingtonshire. 

HOPESRIG,  seat  in  Westerkirk  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

HOPETOUN,  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Hope- 
toun,  2f  miles  west  of  Queensferry,  Lin- 
lithgowshire. It  is  a  princely  edifice  of 
1690  and  later  dates,  and  has  very  beauti- 
ful grounds. 

HOP-PRINGLE,  ruined  ancient  castle  in 
Stow  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

HOPRIG,  estate  in  Gladsmuir  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

HORDA,  small  island  off  south-west 
coast  of  South  Ronaldshay,  Orkney. 


HORISDALE,  small  island  in  Gairloch 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

HORNDEAN,  village  and  ancient  parish 
in  Berwickshire.  The  village  stands  7 
miles  north-east  of  Coldstream,  dates  from 
old  times,  and  has  a  United  Presbyterian 
church.  The  parish  lies  around  it,  and  is 
now  part  of  Ladykirk. 

HORSBURGH,  shattered  peel-tower,  2% 
miles  east-south-east  of  Peebles. 

HORSE,  islet  about  a  mile  north-west  of 
Ardrossan,  Ayrshire. 

HORSE,  island  adjacent  to  Muck,  Inner 
Hebrides. 

HORSE,  islet,  3  miles  east  of  Deerness, 
Orkney. 

HORSE-SHOE,  harbour  in  Kerr  era  Island, 
near  Oban,  Argyleshire. 

HOSELAW,  lake,  small  hill,  and  quondam 
village,  in  Linton  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

HOSPITALFIELD,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

HOSPITALMILL,  village  in  Cults  parish, 
Fife. 

HOUGWHARY,  small  bay  and  headland 
in  south-west  of  North  Uist,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

HOUNA.  SeeHuNA. 

HOUNAM,  hamlet  and  parish  on  south- 
east border  of  Roxburghshire.  The  hamlet 
lies  on  Kale  rivulet,  11^  miles  south-south- 
east of  Kelso,  and  communicates  with 
Kelso  post  office. — The  parish  measures  7 
miles  by  4f,  and  comprises  15,075  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8705.  Pop. 
263.  The  surface  includes  very  little 
arable  land,  and  consists  chiefly  of  part  of 
the  Cheviot  Hills,  rising  to  altitudes  of 
from  1152  to  1472  feet.  Greenhill  is  a 
retreat  of  the  Duke  of  Roxburghe  ;  the 
Roman  Watling  -  Street  runs  along  the 
whole  western  boundary ;  and  remains  of 
Caledonian  and  Roman  camps  are  numer- 
ous. The  public  school  has  about  42 
scholars. 

HOUNDHILL,  eminence,  with  old  en- 
trenchment, in  Manor  parish,  Peebles- 
shire. 

HOUNDWOOD,  quoad  sacra  parish  aver- 
agely  5  miles  west-north-west  of  Ayton, 
Berwickshire.  It  was  constituted  in  1837, 
and  it  has  Established  and  Free  churches. 
Pop.  1516. 

HOUNSLOW,  village,  6J  miles  east  of 
Lauder,  Berwickshire. 

HOURN,  sea-loch  dividing  Glenelg-proper 
from  Knoydart,  Inverness-shire.  It  opens 
from  Sleat  Sound ;  strikes  successively 
eastward,  east-south-eastward,  and  north- 
eastward ;  has  a  commencing  width  of  3 
miles,  and  a  total  length  of  about  13 
miles;  and  is  flanked  and  overhung  by 
wild,  alpine,  picturesque  mountains. 

HOUSE,  island  on  west  side  of  Bressay 
parish,  Shetland.  It  measures  about  5 
miles  in  length  and  1  mile  in  greatest 
breadth,  and  is  chiefly  a  hilly  ridge  with 
rocky  coast. 

HOUSEBAY,  curious  ancient  cemetery 
I  in  south  end  of  Stronsay  Island,  Orkney. 


HOU 


235 


HOY 


HOUSEHILL,  estate,  with  mansion  and 
mineral  works,  in  east  of  Abbey-Paisley 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

HOUSEHILL,  seat  in  Nairn  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

HOUSE  OF  MUIR,  place  of  quondam 
annual  sheep  markets,  miles  south-by- 
west  of  Edinburgh. 

HOUSIE,  or  OUT-SKERRIES,  group  of 
islets,  23  miles  north -east -by -north  of 
Lerwick,  Shetland.    Pop.  71. 

HOUSTON,  village  and  parish  in  north 
centre  of  Renfrewshire.  The  village  stands 
on  burn  of  its  own  name,  5  miles  west- 
north-west  of  Paisley ;  succeeded  an  ancient 
village,  called  originally  Hugh's  town, 
situated  a  little  farther  down  the  burn, 
and  nearly  all  demolished  in  1780;  is  a 
neat  place,  all  erected  after  the  demolition 
of  the  old  village;  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Johnstone,  a  railway  station  3J 
miles  to  the  north-east,  Established,  Free, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  119  scholars.  Pop. 
553. — The  parish  contains  also  Crosslee 
village  and  part  of  Bridge  of  "Weir.  Its 
length  is  6  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3£ 
miles  ;  its  area  7585  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £15,506.  Pop.  2191.  The 
western  section  is  uneven,  and  partly 
pastoral.  The  eastern  section  is  flat,  and 
consists  mostly  of  fertile  arable  land,  but 
includes  a  moss  of  about  300  acres.  The 
moss  was  leased  in  1879  to  Glasgow  City 
Corporation,  and  began  immediately  to  be 
subjected,  with  aid  of  local  railway,  to  a 
process  of  fertilization,  by  distribution  on 
it  of  refuse  from  the  city.  Coal,  limestone, 
and  sandstone  are  found.  Cotton-spinning 
and  bleaching  are  largely  carried  on.  The 
seats  are  Houston  House  and  Barrochan ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  Barrochan  Cross, 
an  altar-tomb  in  chancel  of  ancient  church, 
and  the  site  of  a  fine  old  baronial  castle. 
A  Free  church  is  at  Bridge  of  "Weir.  5 
schools  for  561  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  class-rooms  in  them  for  125  are 
new. 

HOUSTON,  seat  in  Uphall  parish,  Linlith- 
gowshire. 

HOUTON,  headland,  bay,  and  small 
island  in  Orphir  parish,  Orkney.  The 
headland  is  about  300  feet  high,  and  con- 
tains, at  90  feet  above  flood-mark,  a  large 
cave. 

HOVA,  lofty  headland  in  south  of  Noss 
Island,  Shetland. 

HOW,  ruined  old  mansion  in  Shapinshay 
Island,  Orkney. 

HOWA,  sound,  5  miles  long,  between 
Rousay  and  Egilshay  Islands,  Orkney. 

HOWDEAN,  place,  with  traces  of  ancient 
camp,  in  Jedburgh  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

HOWGATE,  village,  If  mile  south-east 
of  Penicuick,  Edinburghshire.  It  has  a 
United  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public 
school. 

HOWIESHILL,  hamlet  in  Cambuslang 
pai-ish,  Lanarkshire. 


HOWLISTON,  old  tower,  transmuted  into 
farmhouse,  in  Stow  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

HOWMORE,  hamlet  in  South  Uist, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Lochmaddy,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
70  scholars. 

HOWNAM.    See  Hounam. 

HOW  OF  ALFORD,  reach  of  valley  of 
the  Don,  10  miles  long,  in  Tullynessle, 
Alford,  Keig,  and  Tough  parishes,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

HOW  OF  ANGUS,  the  part  of  Strathmore 
in  Forfarshire. 

HOW  OF  ANNANDALE,  valley  of  river 
Annan,  Dumfriesshire. 

HOW  OF  APPLEGARTH,  southern  part 
of  Applegarth  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

HOW  OF  CORRICHIE,  glen  in  Fare  Hill, 
battlefield  of  1562,  in  Banchory-Ternan 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

HOW  OF  FIFE,  valley  of  Eden  river,  Fife. 

HOW  OF  GARVOCK,  southern  part  of 
Garvock  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

HOW  OF  HABRAHELIA,  cavern,  re- 
sembling great  amphitheatre,  in  headland 
at  northern  extremity  of  Papa  -  Westray 
Island,  Orkney. 

HOW  OF  MEARNS,  the  part  of  Strath- 
more in  Kincardineshire. 

HOW  OF  MORAY,  seaboard  portion  of 
Elginshire  and  Nairnshire  and  of  adjacent 
parts  of  Banffshire  and  Inverness-shire. 

HOWPASLY,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Roberton  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

HOWQUOY,  promontory  at  south-west 
extremity  of  Holm  parish,  Orkney. 

HOWWOOD.    See  Hollowwood. 

HOXA,  sound  between  Flotta  Island  and 
South  Ronaldshay,  and  estate  with  flag- 
stone quarry  in  South  Ronaldshay,  Orkney. 

HOY,  sound  and  island  in  south-west  of 
Orkney.  The  sound  separates  the  island 
from  Strornness  parish  in  Pomona,  mea- 
sures 7  miles  in  length,  and  2  miles  in 
mean  breadth,  and  is  swept  by  very  rapid 
tides. — The  island  extends  southward  from 
the  sound  to  within  6|  miles  of  Caithness ; 
measures  13  miles  in  length,  and  mostly 
from  3J  to  4f  miles  in  breadth  ;  is  almost 
dissevered,  near  its  south  end,  by  Long 
Hope  sea-loch ;  differs  so  much  from  the 
other  Orcadian  islands  as  to  be  called 
the  Highlands  of  Orkney  ;  has  summits  in 
its  northern  part  from  1300  to  1556  feet 
high ;  presents  to  the  Atlantic,  along 
nearly  all  its  west  coast,  cliffs  and  shelving 
precipices,  from  500  to  about  900  feet 
high ;  is  subtended  near  the  middle  of 
that  coast  by  a  large  arched,  lofty,  colum- 
nar, insulated  rock  called  Old  Man  of  Hoy ; 
possesses  more  interest  for  geologists, 
botanists,  and  ornithologists  than  any 
other  part  of  Orkney  ;  and  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Orkney.    Pop.  367. 

HOY  AND  GRAEMSAY,  parish,  compre- 
hending Graemsay  Island  and  about  5 
miles  of  northern  part  of  Hoy,  in  Orkney. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £868.  Pop.  603. 
The  public  school  is  new,  and  serves  for 
40  scholars. 


HUB 


236 


HUE 


HUBIE,  place,  with  ancient  chapel,  in 
Fetlar  Island,  Shetland. 

HUGHTON,  place,  5  miles  from  Beauly, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Beauly. 

HUIP,  two  islets  near  north  coast  of 
Stronsay,  Orkney. 

HUIPNESS,  headland  at  north-east  ex- 
tremity of  Stronsay,  Orkney. 

HULAR,  lake,  2\  miles  long,  in  Strath- 
bran,  Ross-shire. 

HULLERHIRST,  seat  near  Stevenston, 
Ayrshire. 

HUMBIE,  parish,  containing  Upper 
Keith  post  office  village,  in  south-western 
extremity  of  Haddingtonshire.  It  com- 
prehends a  main  body  of  5^  miles  by  4, 
and  a  small  detached  district  about  a  mile 
to  the  south  -  west  surrounded  by  Edin- 
burghshire ;  and  has  a  total  area  of  9316 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £11,246. 
Pop.  907.  The  surface  is  partly  a  gently 
inclined  plain,  but  mostly  an  ascent  thence 
to  a  lofty  watershed  of  the  Lammermoor 
Hills.  The  chief  residence  is  Whitburgh, 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  ruins  of  the 
once  splendid  mansion  of  Keith,  and  ruins  of 
a  Roman  Catholic  chapel.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free ;  and  there  are 
2  public  schools  with  about  203  scholars. 

HUMBIE,  place,  with  extensive  excellent 
sandstone  quarry,  in  Kirkliston  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

HUMBLE-BUMBLE,  sonorous  cataract 
on  May  rivulet,  Perthshire. 

HUMBLE-BUMBLE,  sonorous  cataract 
on  Lednock  rivulet,  Perthshire. 

HUME,  or  HOME,  hamlet,  castle,  and 
ancient  parish  on  south  border  of  Berwick- 
shire. The  hamlet  lies  3  miles  south-by- 
west  of  Greenlaw,  is  the  remnant  of  an 
ancient  town,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Greenlaw. — The  castle  surmounts  a 
lofty  rocky  eminence  contiguous  to  the 
hamlet ;  was  long  the  seat  of  the  Earls  of 
Home,  and  a  strong  important  fortress ; 
figured  .prominently  in  the  international 
wars  ;  consists  now  of  mere  walls  rebuilt 
in  modern  times  on  old  foundations ;  and 
is  a  conspicuous  object  throughout  a  great 
extent  of  landscape. — The  parish  lies 
around  the  castle,  comprises  4099  acres, 
and  is  annexed  to  Stitchell.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £6736.    Pop.  407. 

HUMPHRY,  lake  in  Old  Kilpatrick  par- 
ish, Dumbartonshire. 

HUNA,  place,  with  post  office  under 
Wick,  an  inn,  and  the  old  ferry  station  to 
Orkney,  1\  miles  west  of  Duncansby  Head, 
Caithness. 

HUNDA,  island  adjacent  to  west  end  of 
Burray,  Orkney.    Pop.  8. 

HUNDALEE,  seat  and  caves  in  Jedburgh 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

HUNIE,  rabbit  islet  near  south-west 
coast  of  Unst,  Shetland. 

HUNISH,  headland  at  north-west  ex- 
tremity of  Trotternish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

HUNT,  hill  on  northern  boundary  of 
Knockando  parish,  Elginshire. 


HUNTERFIELD,  village  in  Cockpen 
parish,  Edinburghshire.    Pop.  495. 

HUNTER'S  BOG,  dingle  between  Arthur's 
Seat  and  Salisbury  Crag,  adjacent  to 
Edinburgh. 

HUNTER'S  HILL,  rising -ground,  with 
ancient  obelisk,  near  Glammis,  Forfarshire. 

HUNTER'S  HILL,  wooded  hill  in  For- 
doun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

HUNTER'S  QUAY,  village  on  south  side 
near  mouth  of  Holy  Loch,  Argyleshire. 
Pop.  233. 

HUNTERSTON,  estate  in  West  Kilbride, 
Ayrshire. 

HUNTHILL,  village  in  Blantyre  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

HUNTHILL,  seat  in  Jedburgh  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

HUNTINGTON,  seat  in  Haddington  par- 
ish, Haddingtonshire. 

HUNTINGTOWER,  village,  %  miles  west- 
north- west  of  Perth.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Perth  ;  and  it  adjoins  Huntingtower 
Castle  and  Ruthvenfield  village.  The 
castle  belonged  to  the  Earls  of  Gowrie, 
was  then  called  Ruthven  Castle,  and  was 
the  scene  of  the  event  called  the  Raid  of 
Ruthven.  Pop.  of  Huntingtower  and 
Ruthvenfield,  379. 

HUNTLAW,  coal-field  in  Pencaitland 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

HUNTLY,  town  and  parish  in  Strath- 
bogie  district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  town 
stands  on  peninsula  at  confluence  of  the 
Bogie  and  the  Deveron,  41  miles  north- 
west of  Aberdeen ;  dates  from  about  the 
beginning  of  last  century ;  consists  of 
well-built  streets  and  a  central  square ; 
carries  on  a  large  amount  of  country  busi- 
ness ;  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  a  railway  station,  3  banking 
offices,  3  hotels,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  Congregational,  Episcopa- 
lian, and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and 
a  large  public  school ;  and  adjoins  Huntly 
Lodge,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Pdchmond, 
and  Huntly  Castle,  an  interesting  ruin, 
partly  fragment  of  ancient  fortalice  of  the 
Comyns,  and  mainly  a  structure  of  1602. 
Pop.  3519.  —  The  parish  measures  about 
10  miles  by  4.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£14,535.  Pop.  4388.  The  surface  is  aU 
hilly,  and  was  formerly  bleak,  but  has 
been  richly  improved.  A  plain  mansion, 
a  public  school,  and  a  ruined  old  castle  are 
on  Avochy  estate ;  and  the  scene  of  the 
battle  of  Sleoch  is  in  Kinoir  district. 

HUNTLY,  quondam  village  in  Gordon 
parish,  Berwickshire.  It  has  given  the 
title  of  marquis  since  1599  to  the  family  of 
Gordon. 

HUNTLY-COT,  part  of  Moorfoot  Hills, 
on  southern  border  of  Temple  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

HURLET,  village,  3  miles  south-east  of 
Paisley,  Renfrewshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Glasgow,  and  extensive  chemi- 
cal works.    Pop.  341. 

HURLFORD,  town  and  quoad  sacra  par- 
j  ish  in  Ayrshire.    The  town  stands  2  miles 


HUR 


237 


INC 


south  -  west  of  Kilmarnock,  includes 
Crookedkolm  suburb,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Kilmarnock,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, extensive  ironworks,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  large  endowed  school. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  4385 ;  of  the  quoad  sacra 
parish,  4699. 

HURLEY-HAWKEY,  steep  escarpment 
on  north  side  of  hill  contiguous  to  the 
Castle  in  Stirling. 

HURLEY-HAWKIN,  trace  of  ^  a  castle 
said  to  have  been  erected  by  King  Alex- 
ander I.  in  Liff  parish,  Forfarshire. 

HUSHINISH,  headland  in  west  of  Harris, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

EUSKER,  island,  6  miles  west  of  North 
Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

HUSSABOST,  seat  and  district  in  Duir- 
inish  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

HUTCHESONTOWN,  section  of  south  side 
of  Glasgow,  adjacent  to  the  Clyde,  east- 
ward from  Gorbals-proper.  It  has  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches  of  its  own  name,  some  other 
churches,  and  a  large  school  of  Hutcheson's 
Hospital ;  and  it  forms  a  registration  dis- 
trict.   Pop.  of  district  in  1880-81,  50,397. 

HUTTON,  village  and  parish  on  south- 
east border  of  Berwickshire.  The  village 
stands  3  miles  east-south-east  of  Chirnside, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Berwick,  a 
church  with  400  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  63  scholars. — The  parish 
contains  also  Paxton  village,  measures  4| 
miles  by  3£,  and  comprises  5516  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £12,631.  Pop. 
962.  The  surface  is  mostly  flat,  but 
includes  some  gentle  elevations  adjacent 
to  the  Whitadder  and  the  Tweed.  The 
seats  are  Meadow  House,  Paxton,  Tweed- 
hill,  and  Spittal ;  and  the  antiquities  are 
the  curious  Border  fortalice  of  Hutton 
Hall  and  a  ruined  church.  There  are  4 
schools  for  264  scholars. 

HUTTON,  parish,  with  church  6J  miles 
north-north-east  of  Lockerby,  Dumfries- 
shire. Its  post  town  is  Lockerby.  Its 
length  is  13  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  4J 
miles ;  its  area  23,923  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £13,148.  Pop.  814. 
The  northern  section  consists  of  upper 
part  of  basin  of  the  Dryfe ;  the  southern 
section  descends  to  conflux  of  the  Corrie 
and  the  Milk  ;  and  the  whole  is  prevail- 
ingly mountainous  and  hilly,  and  includes 
only  about  3000  acres  of  arable  land.  The 
seats  are  Boreland,  Gillespie,  Shaw,  and 
"Whiteknow  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are 
two  Caledonian  forts.  There  are  3  schools 
for  204  scholars. 

HYLIPOL.    See  Hillipol. 

HYND,  vestige  of  ancient  castle  in 
Monikie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

HYNDFORD,  barony,  with  hamlet  and 
bridge,  on  the  Clyde,  2\  miles  south-east 
of  Lanark.  It  gave  the  title  of  earl,  from 
1701  till  1817,  to  the  family  of  Carmichael. 

HYNDSHAW,  estate  in  Carluke  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 


I.    See  Iona. 

IASGAIR,  or  YESKER,  small  island  off 
extreme  north  of  Skye,  Inverness-shire. 

IBRIS,  island  in  Dirleton  parish,  Had- 
dingtonshire. 

IBROX,  or  IBROXHOLM,  south-western 
suburb  of  Glasgow,  a  short  distance  west 
of  Pollockshields.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under  Glas- 
gow, and  a  United  Presbyterian  church. 

ICOLMKILL.    See  Iona. 

IDOCH,  burn  and  vale  in  Monquhitter 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

IDRIGIL,  headland  and  cave  on  Duirinish 
coast,  Isle  of  Skye.  The  headland  has 
cliffs  about  400  feet  high,  and  the  cave 
was  one  of  the  dismal  prisons  of  the  ill- 
used  Lady  Grange. 

IDVIES,  barony  in  Kirkden  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

ILACHANEUVE,  one  of  the  Garvelloch 
islands,  Argyleshire. 

ILAY.  <  See  Islay. 

ILIE,  river  Helmsdale  in  Sutherland. 

ILLERAY,  island  contiguous  to  south- 
west coast  of  North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 
It  measures  about  4  miles  by  1J,  and  is 
insulated  only  at  high-water.    Pop.  69. 

IMACHAR,  place  on  west  coast  of  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire. 

IMERSAY,  islet  adjacent  to  east  coast 
of  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

INAILITE,  suburb  of  Stornoway,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

INALTERIE,  place,  with  remains  of  very 
old  strong  massive  building,  in  Deskford 
parish,  Banffshire. 

INCH,  parish,  containing  Aird  hamlet, 
Cairnryan  and  Lochans  post  office  villages, 
Castle-Kennedy  railway  station  and  post 
office,  and  part  of  Stranraer  town,  in 
Wigtonshire.  Its  length  is  13  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  1\  mil°s  ;  its  area  30,844 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £18,558. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3766;  quoad  sacra, 
3468.  The  northern  section  lies  between 
Loch  Ryan  and  Luce  river,  and  consists 
chiefly  of  heathy  hills,  but  has  mostly  a 
flat  shore.  The  southern  section  lies 
chiefly  in  the  isthmus  between  Loch  Ryan 
and  Luce  Bay,  is  low  and  gently  undulat- 
ing, has  some  curious  hollows  locally 
called  pots,  and  contains  Castle-Kennedy 
and  Saulseat  lakes.  Chief  residences  are 
the  Earl  of  Stair's  seat  of  Lochinch,  and 
Sir  William  Wallace's  seat  of  Lochryan; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  Craigcaffie  Castle, 
remains  of  Larg  Castle,  traces  of  Saulseat 
Abbey,  the  moat  of  Innermessan,  the 
standing-stones  of  Glenterra,  and  numer- 
ous cairns.  The  churches  are  2  Established 
and  2  Free,  and  there  are  4  schools  with 
accommodation  for  452  scholars. 

INCH,  seat  in  Liberton  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

INCH,  place  in  Fettercairn  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  110  scholars. 

INCH,  Aberdeenshire  and  Inverness- 
shire     See  Insch. 


INC 


238 


INC 


INCHABER,  small  island  near  mouth  of 
Endrick  river,  in  Loch  Lomond. 

INCHAFFRAY,  vestige  of  ancient  abbey 
in  Madderty  parish,  Perthshire. 

INCHARD,  sea-loch  and  rivulet  in 
northern  part  of  Edderachyllis  parish, 
Sutherland.  The  loch  penetrates  5  miles 
south-eastward,  contains  several  islets, 
and  forms  a  fine  natural  harbour.  The 
rivulet  descends  about  5  miles  north-west- 
ward to  the  loch's  head,  widens  into  two 
lakes  in  its  progress,  and  is  crossed  near 
its  mouth  by  a  large  bridge  on  line  of 
great  western  road. 

INCHBARE,  village  in  Strickathrow 
parish,  Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Brechin. 

INCHBELLY,  place,  with  bridge,  on  the 
Kelvin,  Lj  mile  east-north-east  of  Kirkin- 
tilloch, Dumbartonshire. 

INCHBERRY,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Kothes  parish,  Elginshire. 

INCHBERVIE,  remains  of  old  castle  on 
the  Tay,  near  Stanley,  Perthshire. 

INCHBRAKIE,  seat  in  Crieff  parish, 
Perthshire. 

INCHBRAYOCK,  or  ROSSIE  ISLAND, 
low  flat  islet,  of  about  34  acres,  in  South 
Esk  river,  adjacent  to  Montrose,  Forfar- 
shire.   Pop.  169. 

INCHBRECK,  place  in  Kirkintilloch 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

INCHCALLIOCH,  wooded  islet,  with 
sites  of  ancient  nunnery  and  ancient 
parochial  church,  f  mile  north-west  of 
mouth  of  Endrick  river,  in  Loch  Lomond. 

INCHCLARE,  or  CLARE-INCH,  wooded 
islet  near  Inchcallioch,  in  Loch  Lomond. 

INCHCOLM,  rocky  island,  about  1|  mile 
in  circuit,  with  considerable  remains  of 
ancient  monastery  on  site  of  Culdee 
cell,  in  Firth  of  Forth,  If  mile  south- 
south-west  of  Aberdour,  Fife.    Pop.  7. 

INCHCONACHAN,  islet  in  Loch  Lomond, 
1  mile  south-east  of  Luss. 

INCHCORMAC,  islet,  with  remains  of 
ancient  chapel,  in  mouth  of  Loch  Swin, 
Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 

INCHCROIN,  islet  a  little  north-east 
of  Inchmurrin,  in  Loch  Lomond. 

INCHCRUIN,  islet  in  Loch  Lomond,  2 
miles  south-east  of  Luss. 

INCHDAIRNIE,  seat,  1|  mile  south  of 
Leslie,  Fife. 

INCHDREWER,  old  castellated  seat  in 
Banff  parish,  Banffshire. 

INCHES,  railway  station  on  north-west 
border  of  Lanarkshire,  between  Douglas 
and  Glenbuck. 

INCHES,  estate  and  burn  in  Inverness 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

INCHEWAN,  seat  near  Kirriemuir,  For- 
farshire. 

INCHFAD,  islet,  \  mile  north-west  of 
Inchcallioch,  in  Loch  Lomond. 

INCHFRIECHLAN,  small  fern-clad  islet 
in  Loch  Lomond,  opposite  Luss. 

INCHGALBRAITH,  islet,  with  remains 
of  ancient  castle,  near  west  side  of  Loch 
Lomond,  2  miles  south-by-east  of  Luss. 


INCHGARVIE,  rocky  islet,  with  frag- 
ment of  old  fort  or  castle,  in  Firth  of 
Forth,  opposite  Queensferry. 

INCHINNAN,  parish  on  the  Clyde, 
north-westward  from  the  Cart,  Renfrew^ 
shire.  Its  post  town  is  Paisley.  Its 
length  is  3^  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
2f  miles ;  its  area  3330  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £7459.  Pop.  505. 
The  surface  is  partly  flat,  partly  diversi- 
fied by  diluvial  rising-grounds,  and  all 
highly  cultivated.  The  seats  are  Park 
and  South  Barr ;  and  other  objects  of 
interest  are  the  sites  of  Inchinnan  Palace 
and  North  Barr  baronial  fortalice.  The 
lands  and  the  quondam  palace  belonged 
to  successively  the  High  Stewards  of 
Scotland  and  the  Earls  of  Lennox.  The 
parochial  church  occupies  the  site  of  a 
Culdee  cell,  and  is  a  handsome  edifice  of 
1828.  The  Free  church  was  erected  sub- 
sequent to  1843.  The  public  school  has 
about  100  scholars. 

INCHKEITH,  island  in  Firth  of  Forth, 
4  miles  north-north-east  of  Leith.  It 
measures  about  5  furlongs  in  length,  and 
about  \\  furlong  in  breadth ;  rises  gradually, 
in  rough,  rocky  surface,  to  a  height  of 
about  180  feet ;  is  crowned  by  a  lighthouse, 
with  revolving  light  visible  at  the  distance 
of  21  nautical  miles ;  had,  in  the  16th 
century,  a  fort  which  the  French  cap- 
tured, and  which  Parliament  ordered  to 
be  demolished  ;  acquired  in  1878-81  three 
batteries  on  three  separate  points,  con- 
nected by  military  road ;  and  was  found, 
in  1872,  to  contain  an  extensive  deposit 
of  fire-scorched  bones  and  shells.    Pop.  10. 

INCHKENNETH,  fertile  island,  about  3 
miles  in  circuit,  in  Loch-na-Keal,  west 
coast  of  Mull,  Argyleshire.  It  belonged 
to  the  Culdees  of  Iona ;  has  tolerably 
entire  remains  of  an  ancient  small  church, 
with  interesting  ancient  cemetery;  and 
figured  prominently  in  Dr.  Johnson's 
visit  to  the  Hebrides.    Pop.  8. 

INCHLAGGAN,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Glengarry  quoad  sacra  parish,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

INCHLAW,  hill  in  Logie  parish,  Fife. 

INCHLONAIG,  islet,  of  about  150  acres, 
used  as  deer  park,  to  the  north  of  Inch- 
conachan,  in  Loch  Lomond. 

INCHMAHOME,  islet  in  Monteith  lake, 
Port-of-Monteith  parish,  Perthshire.  It 
has  large  interesting  remains  of  an  ancient 
priory,  and  was  the  residence  of  Queen 
Mary  in  her  girlhood,  prior  to  her  removal 
to  France. 

INCHMARLOW,  estate,  with  mansion 
and  public  school,  on  the  Dee,  in  Ban- 
chory-Ternan  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

INCHMARNOCK,  verdant  island,  about 
2  miles  long,  with  ruins  of  ancient  chapel, 
about  a  mile  west  of  Bute  Island,  Bute- 
shire.   Pop.  18. 

INCHMARNOCK,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Glenmuick  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

INCHMARTIN,  seat  and  ruined  small 
Gothic  church  in  Errol  parish,  Perthshire. 


INC 


239 


INN 


INCHMICKERY,  rocky  islet  in  Firth 
of  Forth,  2&  miles  north  of  Cramond 
shore,  Edinburghshire. 

INCHMOAN,  low,  flat,  mossy^  islet  to 
the  south  of  Inchconachan,  in  Loch 
Lomond. 

INCHMURRIN,  largest  and  most  south- 
erly island  in  Loch  Lomond.  It  measures 
5^  miles  in  circuit ;  contains  a  hunting- 
lodge  of  the  Duke  of  Montrose,  and  ruins 
of  a  fortalice  of  the  Earls  of  Lennox  ;  and 
is  used  as  a  deer  park. 

INCH-NA-DAMPH,  hamlet  on  Assynt 
lake,  in  Assynt  parish,  Sutherland. 

INCHOCK,  old  castle  in  Auldearn  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

INCHPARKS,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Inch  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

INCHRIACH,mountain  in  Rothiemurchus 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

INCHRYE,  seat  in  Abdie  parish,  Fife. 

INCHTAVANACH,  comparatively  steep 
and  lofty  islet,  mostly  covered  with  natural 
oak,  in  Loch  Lomond,  §  mile  south-east  of 
Luss. 

INCHTORR,  or  TORR-INCH,  wooded 
islet  between  Inchcallioch  and  Inchcroin, 
in  Loch  Lomond. 

INCHTURE,  village  and  parish  in  Carse 
district,  Perthshire.  The  village  stands  a 
little  north  of  railway  station  of  its  own 
name,  13^  miles  east-north-east  of  Perth, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated 
of  Perthshire,  an  inn,  a  Gothic  church 
of  1834,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
98  scholars.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Ballendean  and  Balledgarno  villages, 
measures  about  4  miles  by  3,  and  com- 
prises 4123  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £3304.  Pop.  650.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  a  dead  level,  and  consists  of 
very  fertile  richly-embellished  carse  land. 
The  seats  are  Lord  Kinnaird's  mansion  of 
Rossie  Priory  and  Ballendean  House  ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  Rossie  cross,  ruins 
of  Rossie  church ,  and  ruins  of  Moncur  Castle . 

INCHTUTHIL,  site  of  Roman  station 
on  the  Tay,  in  Caputh  parish,  Perthshire. 

INCHWOOD,  burn  on  west  boundary  of 
Kilsyth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

INCHYRA,  village,  mansion,  and  de- 
tached district  of  Kinnoul  parish,  on  the 
Tay,  8  miles  south-east  of  Perth. 

INDAAL.    See  Lochindaal. 

INELLAN,  village  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Cowal  district,  Argyleshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Firth  of  Clyde,  4  miles  south- 
by-west  of  Dunoon  ;  was  founded  in  1843 ; 
is  a  fashionable  watering-place,  consisting 
chiefly  of  villas  ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Greenock,  a  steamboat  pier,  a  bank- 
ing office,  a  hotel,  Established,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  and  Episcopalian 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
95  scholars.  Pop.  of  the  village,  859 ; 
of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  1061. 

INGANESS,  bay  penetrating  about  4 
miles  south-westward  to  vicinity  of  Kirk- 


wall, Orkney.  It  forms  a  fine  natural 
harbour  for  any  class  of  vessels. 

INGANS,  three  lofty  hills  in  Cleish 
parish,  Kinross-shire. 

INGLIS -GREEN,  place  in  vicinity  of 
Slateford,  Edinburghshire. 

INGLISMALDIE,  old  castellated  seat  of 
the  Earl  of  Kintore  in  Marykirk  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

INGLISTON,  seat  and  quondam  hamlet 
in  Kinnettles  parish,  Forfarshire. 

INGLISTON,  seat  near  Ratho,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

INHALLOW.    See  Enhallow. 

INISHAIL,  island  and  ancient  parish  in 
Argyleshire.  The  island  lies  in  Loch  Awe, 
between  Cladich  and  Kilchurn,  and  con- 
tains an  interesting  ancient  cemetery  and 
remains  of  an  ancient  small  convent  and 
chapel.  The  parish  is  now  part  of 
Glenorchy. 

INKERMAN,  recently-formed  village  in 
Abbey-Paisley  parish,  Renfrewshire.  It 
has  a  public  school  with  about  138  scholars. 
Pop.  948. 

INNERAVON,  old  tower  on  site  of  Roman 
station  in  Borrowstownness  parish,  Lin- 
lithgowshire. 

INNERGELLY,  seat  in  Kilrenny  parish, 
Fife. 

INNERHADDEN,  seat  adjacent  to  Loch 
Rannoch,  Breadalbane,  Perthshire. 
INNER  HIGH  CHURCH.     See  High 

Church,  Glasgow. 

INNERKIP,  village  and  parish  in  ex- 
treme west  of  Renfrewshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Kip  rivulet,  3  furlongs  from  its 
mouth,  and  6  miles  south-west  of  Greenock ; 
is  a  pleasant  place  with  charming  environs ; 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Greenock, 
a  railway  station,  a  hotel,  a  handsome 
Established  church,  a  Free  church,  a  fine 
maxisoleum  of  the  Shaw-Stewart  family, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  172  scholars. 
Pop.  580. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
town  of  Gourock,  measures  6J  miles  by  5f , 
and  comprises  12,549  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £50,715.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
5359 ;  quoad  sacra,  882.  The  surface 
is  bounded  on  the  east  by  lofty  hills,  on 
the  north  and  the  west  by  Firth  of  Clyde, 
on  the  south  by  Kelly  burn  ;  is  intersected 
south-westward  by  the  narrow  vale  of  Kip 
rivulet ;  consists  chiefly  of  bleak  moors 
and  pastoral  heights ;  has  a  narrow  strip 
of  low  ground  along  the  coast ;  and  ex- 
hibits great  diversity  of  feature,  and  con- 
siderable aggregate  of  embellishment.  The 
seats  are  Ardgowan,  Kelly,  Leven,  Lang- 
house,  Ashburn,  and  Gourock  House  ;  and 
the  antiquities  are  Ardgowan  old  tower 
and  a  Roman  bridge  on  Dunrod  burn.  Five 
places  of  worship  and  2  public  schools  are 
in  Gourock. 

INNERLEITHEN,  town  in  Peeblesshire, 
and  parish  partly  also  in  Selkirkshire.  The 
town  stands  on  Leithen  rivulet,  ^  mile 
from  the  Tweed,  and  6|-  miles  east-south- 
east of  Peebles  ;  figured  as  a  hamlet  from 
the  time  of  Malcolm  iv.  till  latter  part  of 


INN 


240 


INS 


last  century ;  is  now  a  seat  of  woollen 
manufacture,  and  a  summer  resort  of 
invalids ;  adjoins  a  medicinal  spring,  be- 
lieved to  be  the  'St.  Eonan's  Well'  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  novel;  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  designated  of  Peebles- 
shire, a  railway  station,  2  banking  offices, 
2  hotels,  a  recently- erected  public  hall, 
recent  drainage  and  waterworks,  a  modern 
Established  church  in  lieu  of  an  ancient 
one,  a  Free  church  enlarged  in  1878, 
a  United  Presbyterian  church  erected 
in  that  year,  Congregational  and  Roman 
Catholic  chapels,  and  a  large  public 
school  opened  in  1881.  Pop.  2307.— The 
parish  contains  also  Walkerburn  village, 
measures  about  9  miles  by  7J,  and  com- 
prises 20,421  acres  in  Peeblesshire,  and 
3560  in  Selkirkshire.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £18,221  and  £1202.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  3661 ;  quoad  sacra,  3636. 
The  surface  rises  gradually  from  the 
Tweed  to  some  of  the  loftiest  summits 
of  the  Southern  Highlands ;  presents 
mostly  a  bold,  broken,  rugged  appear- 
ance ;  is  intersected  by  several  deep 
glens ;  and  includes  a  small  aggregate  of 
low  alluvial  land.  The  chief  seats  are 
Glenormiston  and  Hollylee  ;  and  a  chief 
antiquity  is  Horsburgh  Castle.  A  chapel- 
of-ease  is  at  Walkerburn.  Seven  schools 
for  643  scbolars,  besides  a  large  one  of 
1881,  are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them 
and  a  class-room  for  130  are  recent. 

INNERLEVEN.   See  Dubbieside. 

INNERMESSAN,  quondam  town  and 
extant  moat  in  Inch  parish,  Wigtonshire. 
The  town  stood  on  Loch  Ryan,  2^  miles 
north-east  of  Stranraer,  occupied  the  site 
of  an  ancient  Caledonian  settlement,  had 
a  castle,  and  was  for  some  time  the  most 
considerable  place  in  the  Rhinns.  The 
moat  measures  336  feet  in  circuit  and  78 
in  vertical  height,  and  appears  to  have 
been  engirt  by  a  fosse. 

INNERPEFFRAY,  place,  with  railway 
station,  public  library,  old  castle,  and  old 
church,  2\  miles  east  of  Crieff,  Perthshire. 

INNERSAND,  place  in  Sandsting  parish, 
Shetland . 

INNERTIEL.    See  Invertiel. 

INNERTIG,  place,  with  ruined  ancient 
church,  in  Ballantrae  parish,  Ayrshire. 

INNERWELL,  small  bay  in  Sorbie  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

INNERWICK,  village  and  parish  in 
south-east  of  Haddingtonshire.  The  vil- 
lage stands  about  a  mile  from  railway 
station  of  its  own  name,  4^  miles  south- 
east of  Dunbar,  and  has  a  po3t  office  under 
Dunbar,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  63  scholars. 
— The  parish  contains  also  Thorntonloch 
village,  extends  from  the  coast  to  summits 
of  the  Lammermoors,  measures  about  9o 
by  3  miles,  and  comprises  13,157  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £12,276.  Pop. 
777.  The  coast  is  less  tban  2  miles 
long,  rocky  but  somewhat  tame ;  the  sea- 


board, to  the  breadth  of  about  3  miles,  is 
a  gentle  slope,  fertile  and  cultivated ;  and 
the  rest  of  the  land  is  hilly,  mostly  heathy, 
and  wildly  pastoral.  Dunglass,  the  seat  of 
Sir  Basil  F.  Hall,  Bart.,  is  on  the  south- 
eastern border.  Innerwick  and  Thornton 
Castles  are  fragments  of  two  strong  old 
f  ortalices,  destroyed  in  1548  by  the  English, 
and  confronting  each  other  on  a  rocky  glen 
near  Innerwick  village.  There  are  2 
schools  for  192  scholars. 

INNERWICK,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  Glen- 
lyon,  Perthshire.  Its  post  town  is  Aber- 
feldy,  and  it  has  public  schools  at  Cambus- 
vrachan,  Meggernie,  and  Pubill.   Pop.  355. 

INNES,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Fife,  a 
curious  renovated  ancient  edifice,  in 
Urquhart  parish,  Elginshire. 

INNIMORE,  bold  basaltic  headland,  con- 
taining Nun's  Cave,  near  Carsaig  Arches, 
on  south  coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

INNINMORE,  headland,  3£  miles  east- 
south-east  of  Artornish  Castle,  on  Morvern 
coast,  Argyleshire. 

INNISCHONNEL,  islet,  with  picturesque 
ruin  of  ancient  chief  seat  of  the  Argyle 
family,  in  Loch  Avich,  Argyleshire. 

INNISDRYNICH,  seat  on  west  side  near 
foot  of  Loch  Awe,  Argyleshire. 

INNISERRICH,  islet,  with  ruined  an- 
cient chapel,  in  Loch  Avich,  Argyle- 
shire. 

INNISFRAOCH,  rocky  islet,  with  ruined 
old  castle,  in  Loch  Awe,  adjacent  to 
mouth  of  Orchy  river,  Argyleshire. 

INNISHAIL.    See  Inishail. 

INNISKENNETH.    See  Inchkenneth. 

INNOVAL,  headland  on  west  coast  of 
Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

INORD,  sea-loch  at  south  end  of  Trotter  - 
nish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

INSCH,  village  and  parish  in  Garioch 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village  stands 
28  miles  north-west  of  Aberdeen,  and  has 
a  head  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  a  railway  station, 
2  banking  offices,  2  hotels,  a  public  hall, 
Established,  Free,  and  Congregational 
churches,  and  a  large  public  school.  Pop. 
579. — The  parish  measures  5  miles  by  3, 
and  comprises  8370  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £9538.  Pop.  1536.  The 
surface  is  variously  low,  undulated, 
and  hilly ;  includes  the  abrupt  conical 
hill  of  Dunnideer,  and  part  of  the 
lofty  hill  of  Foudland ;  and,  to  an  aggre- 
gate of  about  five-sevenths  of  its  extent,  is 
arable.  Excellent  slate  is  quarried,  and 
bog  iron-ore  is  found.  A  vitrified  fort  and 
remains  of  an  ancient  tower  are  on  Dun- 
nideer ;  and  portions  of  ancient  Cale- 
donian stone  circles  are  on  other  heights. 
There  are  3  schools  for  371  scholars. 

INSCH,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with  church, 
at  foot  of  Loch  Insch,  8  miles  north-east  of 
Kingussie,  Inverness-shire.  Loch  Insch  is 
an  expansion  of  the  Spey,  2  miles  long 
and  more  than  a  mile  broad.  Pop.  of  the 
parish,  455. 


INV 


241 


INV 


INVER,  village  on  right  side  of  the 
Tay,  opposite  Dunkeld,  Perthshire. 

INVER,  village  on  Dornoch  Firth,  in 
Tain  parish,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  81  scholars.    Pop.  359. 

INVER,  Koss-shire.    See  Lochinver. 

INVERALLAN,  ancient  parish  annexed 
to  Cromdale,  but  now  forming  a  quoad 
sacra  parish,  on  the  Spey,  at  Grantown, 
Elginshire.    Pop.  2497. 

INVERALLOCHY,  fishing  village  and 
quoad  sacra  parish  on  north-east  coast  of 
Aberdeenshire.  The  village  lies  about  3| 
miles  south-east  of  Fraserburgh ;  has  a 
large  public  school ;  and  adjoins  an  old 
castle  of  the  Comyns.  Pop.  of  the 
village,  741 ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish, 
1577. 

INVERAMSAY,  railway  station,  20^  miles 
north-west  of  Aberdeen. 

INVERAN,  hamlet,  4J  miles  north-west 
of  Bonar-Bridge,  in  Sutherland.  It  has  a 
post  office  designated  of  Sutherland  shire. 

INVERARDRAN,  seat  near  head  of  Glen- 
dochart,  Perthshire. 

INVERARITY,  parish,  with  church 
about  4  miles  south  of  Forfar.  It  con- 
tains Kincaldrum  post  office  under  Forfar, 
measures  about  4J  miles  by  4|,  and  com- 
prises 9583  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £12,245.  Pop.  862.  The  surface 
includes  a  vale  along  Arity  rivulet ;  con- 
sists chiefly  of  hills ;  and,  to  about  two- 
thirds  of  its  extent,  is  arable.  The  seats 
are  Fotheringham  and  Kincaldrum  ;  and 
the  antiquities  are  several  tumuli  and 
remains  of  a  Roman  camp.  The  public 
school  has  capacity  for  120  scholars. 

INVERARNAN,  hotel  in  foot  of  Glen- 
falloch,  near  head  of  Loch  Lomond. 

INVERARY,  town,  ducal  mansion,  and 
parish  in  east  centre  of  Argyleshire.  The 
town  stands  on  west  side  of  Loch  Fyne, 
30  miles  by  shortest  route  north-west  of 
Greenock ;  succeeded  a  previous  town  of 
14th  century,  situated  on  different  ground, 
and  erased  about  1745 ;  ranks  as  the 
capital  of  Argyleshire,  a  seat  of  justiciary 
courts,  and  a  royal  burgh,  uniting  with 
Oban,  Campbelton,  Ayr,  and  Irvine  in 
sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  com- 
mands, for  tourists,  a  great  extent  of  rich 
surrounding  scenery ;  consists  chiefly  of 
large,  well-built  houses ;  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  2  bank- 
ing offices,  2  hotels,  a  steamboat  quay,  a 
court-house,  a  beautiful  ancient  stone 
cross,  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  2  public 
schools.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £3385. 
Pop.  864. — The  ducal  mansion,  Inverary 
Castle,  is  the  chief  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Argyle ;  stands  on  Aray  rivulet,  a  little 
north  of  the  town  ;  succeeded  a  previous 
castle  on  another  site,  described  in  Sir 
Walter's  Scott's  Legend  of  Montrose,  and 
taken  down  about  1810 ;  was  erected  in 
1745-50 ;  suffered  damage  by  fire  in  1877 
to  the  value  of  about  £17,500  ;  underwent 
complete  restoration  before  April  1880 ; 


is  a  spacious  quadrangular  structure,  with 
towers  and  surmounting  pavilion ;  and 
has  very  extensive  and  strikingly  pictur- 
esque grounds. — The  parish,  in  recent 
arrangement,  comprises  only  1019  acres, 
but  formerly  included  what  is  now 
called  Glenaray  parish,  and  continues, 
for  most  purposes,  to  include  it.  Its 
length,  from  north  to  south,  is  about 
15  miles ;  its  extent  along  Loch  Fyne  is 
about  10  miles  ;  and  its  breadth  is  from  3 
to  6  miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81  of 
the  Glenaray  part,  £5820.  Pop. ,  exclusive 
of  Glenaray,  1045  ;  inclusive  of  Glenaray, 
1700.  The  coast,  in  the  north  and 
middle,  is  flat  and  sandy ;  in  the  south, 
is  high  and  rocky.  The  interior  is  hilly 
and  mountainous,  but  so  diversified  in 
contour  as  to  abound  in  picturesqueness. 
Part,  with  pop.  of  299,  is  included  in  the 
quoad  sacra  parish  of  Cumlodden. 

INVERAVEN,  parish,  chiefly  in  Banff- 
shire, and  partly  in  Elginshire.  It  in- 
cludes the  quoad  sacra  parish  of  Glenlivet, 
extends  thence  along  right  side  of  Aven 
river  to  the  Spey,  and  contains  the  post 
offices  of  Glenlivet  and  Ballindalloch.  Its 
length  is  about  20  miles  ;  its  breadth  from 
3^  to  9  miles ;  its  area  47,410  acres  in 
Banffshire,  and  1561  in  Elginshire.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £8739  and  £938. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2568  ;  quoad  sacra, 
952.  The  surface  includes  some  arable 
land  contiguous  to  the  streams,  but  is 
mostly  mountainous,  moorish,  and  bleak. 
The  chief  residence  is  Sir  George  Mac- 
pherson-Grant's  seat  of  Ballindalloch  ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  ruins  of  a  noble 
hunting-seat,  ruins  of  Drumin  Castle,  and 
remains  of  three  Caledonian  stone  circles. 
The  churches  are  2  Established,  1  Free, 
and  2  Roman  Catholic.  There  are  6  schools 
for  711  scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  a  class- 
room for  105  are  new. 

INVERAVON,  estate  in  Hamilton  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire. 

INVERAVON,  Linlithgowshire.    See  In- 

NERAVON. 

INVERAWE,  seat  on  Awe  river  near 
Bunawe,  Argyleshire. 

INVERBEG,  place,  3|  miles  north-north- 
west of  Luss,  Dumbartonshire. 

INVERBERVIE.    See  Bervie. 

INVERBROOM,  shooting-lodge  near 
Ullapool,  Ross-shire. 

INVERBROTHOCK,  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Arbroath  parish,  Forfarshire.  It  was 
constituted  in  1854,  and  it  contains  a 
large  Established  church,  2  Free  churches, 
a  Wesleyan  chapel,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  281  scholars.    Pop.  8094. 

INVERCANNICH,  two  hamlets,  Easter 
and  "Wester,  14  miles  south-west  of 
Beauly,  Inverness-shire.  They  have  a 
post  office  designated  Invercannich  by 
Beauly. 

INVERCANNY,  estate  in  Banchory-Ter- 
nan  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

INVERCARRON,  estate  in  Kincardine 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

Q 


INV  242  [NY 


INVERCARRON,  tract  around  mouth  of 
Carron  river,  Kincardineshire. 

INVERCAULD,  seat,  with  beautiful 
grounds,  on  the  Dee  in  Braemar,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

INVERCHAOLAIN,  parish,  partly  bound- 
ed by  east  Kyle  of  Bute  and  Loch  Biddan, 
and  intersected  by  Loch  Striven,  in  south 
of  Cowal,  Argyleshire.  Its  post  town  is 
Greenock.  Its  length  is  about  15  miles ; 
its  greatest  breadth  8  miles ;  its  area 
29,312  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£5496.  Bop.  407.  The  surface  is  mostly 
rugged  and  mountainous,  but  exhibits 
some  grand  scenery,  and  includes  about 
1300  acres  of  arable  land.  The  seats  are 
Southhall  and  Knockdow ;  and  the  chief 
antiquity  is  the  ruined  fort  of  Ellan-Dheir- 
rig.  The  churches  are  Established  and 
Bree,  and  there  are  2  public  schools. 

INVERCLACHAN,  place  in  south-western 
vicinity  of  Invercannich,  Inverness-shire. 

INVERCOE,  village  and  seat  adjacent  to 
Ballachulish,  Argyleshire. 

INVEREARN,  seat  near  Forres,  Elgin- 
shire. 

INVEREBRIE,  place  in  Methlick  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  101  scholars. 

INVEREIGHTY,  seat  in  Kinnettles  par- 
ish, Forfarshire. 

INVERERNAN,  seat  in  Strathdon  par- 
ish, Aberdeenshire. 

INVERESHIE,  seat  in  Alvie  parish,  In- 
verness-shire. 

INVERESK,  village  and  parish  in  extreme 
north-east  of  Edinburghshire.  The  village 
stands  J  mile  north-north-west  of  railway 
station  of  its  own  name ;  crowns  a  rising- 
ground  on  right  side  of  river  Esk,  in 
southern  vicinity  of  Musselburgh ;  and 
has  charming  views,  pleasant  villas,  and 
a  large,  steepled,  conspicuous  parochial 
church  on  site  of  Boman  fort.  Bop. 
308. — The  parish  contains  also  Mussel- 
burgh, Fisherrow,  Westpans,  Wallyford, 
Cowpits,  Monktonhall,  Stonyhall,  Craig- 
hall,  and  part  of  New  Craighall.  Its 
length  is  3|  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3|- 
miles  ;  its  area  5155  acres.  Beal  property  of 
landward  parts  in  1880-81,  £25,594.  Bop., 
quoad  civilia,  10,536  ;  quoad  sacra,  5133. 
A.  broad  belt  of  downs  forms  the  north 
border  on  Firth  of  Forth ;  a  hill-ridge, 
not  higher  than  about  540  feet  above  sea- 
level,  forms  the  eastern  border;  the  vale 
of  river  Esk  lies  along  the  centre  ;  and  the 
rest  of  the  surface  is  diversified  by  gentle 
rising-grounds  and  undulations.  Coal  has 
been  worked  from  remote  times.  Chief 
seats  are  Binkie,  New  Hailes,  Monkton, 
Stonyhill,  Binkieburn,  and  Carberry ; 
places  of  historical  interest  are  Binkie 
battlefield  and  Carberry  Hill ;  and 
numerous  antiquities  are  in  and  near 
Musselburgh.  The  churches  are  3  Estab- 
lished, 1  Free,  2  United  Bresbyterian,  1 
Congregational,  and  1  Episcopalian.  There 
are  10  schools  for  1582  scholars,  and  2  of 
them  for  595  are  new. 


INVEREWE,  place  adjacent  to  Boolewe, 
Boss-shire. 

INVEREY,  seat  near  Banchory,  Kincar- 
dineshire. 

INVERFARIGAG,  place  at  mouth  of 
Farigag  rivulet,  near  middle  of  Loch  Ness, 
Inverness- shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Inverness. 

INVERFOLLA,  place,  with  prostrate 
ancient  obelisk,  in  Strath  of  Appin, 
Argyleshire. 

INVERGARRY,  hamlet  at  mouth  of 
Glengarry,  1\  miles  north-west  of  Fort- 
Augustus,  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Inverness-shire, 
a  banking  office,  an  inn,  and  a  public 
school ;  and  near  it  are  Invergarry  House 
and  Invergarry  Castle,  the  latter  the 
ancient  seat  of  the  chieftain  of  clan  Mac- 
donell,  a  five-storey  structure,  burnt  by 
the  Duke  of  Cumberland  in  1746,  and  now 
a  mere  shell. 

INVERGORDON,  seaport  town  on  Crom- 
arty Firth,  12|  miles  north-east-by-north 
of  Dingwall,  Boss-shire.  It  is  well-built, 
publishes  a  weekly  newspaper,  carries  on 
much  commerce,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Boss-shire,  a  railway 
station,  2  banking  offices,  3  hotels,  a  good 
harbour,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school.  Bop.  1092.  In- 
vergordon  Castle,  a  seat  with  charming 
grounds,  is  a  little  to  the  west. 

INVERGOWRIE,  village  and  ancient 
parish  in  south-western  extremity  of  For- 
farshire. The  village  stands  on  small  bay 
of  its  name,  3  miles  west  of  Dundee,  has  a 
railway  station  and  a  small  harbour,  con- 
tains the  ruins  and  cemetery  of  a  very  old 
church,  and  was  once  a  place  of  royal 
embarkation.  Invergowrie  House  is  in 
the  vicinity.   The  parish  is  now  part  of  Liff. 

INVERIE,  hamlet  and  curious  Highland 
mansion  on  north  side  of  Loch  Nevis, 
Inverness-shire.  The  hamlet  has  a  post 
office  under  Broadford,  an  inn,  and  a 
public  school. 

INVERINATE,  hamlet,  public  school, 
and  small  bay  in  Kintail  parish,  Ross- 
shire.  The  hamlet  has  a  post  office  under 
Lochalsh. 

INVERKEILOR,  village  and  parish  on 
east  coast  of  Forfarshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Lunan  rivulet,  6  miles  north-by- 
east  of  Arbroath. — The  parish  contains 
also  five  hamlets,  and  the  post  office  of 
Chance  Inn.  Its  length  is  1\  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  4 \  miles  ;  its  area  10,240 
acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £17,922. 
Bop. ,  quoad  civilia,  1671 ;  qxioad  sacra, 
1311.  The  coast  is  flat  and  sandy 
round  Lunan  Bay,  and  high  and  rocky 
thence  to  the  south.  The  seaboard,  in 
the  north,  is  a  sloping  bank  of  arable  land  ; 
in  the  south,  is  an  ascent  from  the  high 
rocky  coast ;  in  the  middle,  is  low  and 
level ;  and  the  interior,  all  westward  from 
the  seaboard,  is  low,  level,  and  fertile. 


INV 


243 


INV 


The  chief  residence  is  the  Earl  of  North- 
esk's  seat  of  Ethie  Castle ;  and  the  chief 
antiquity  is  the  venerable  old  ruin  of 
Kedcastle.  The  churches  are  Established 
and  Free.  The  western  section  is  included 
in  Friockheim  quoad  sacra  parish  ;  and  the 
other  sections  have  2  schools  for  266 
scholars. 

INVERKEITHING,  town  and  parish  on 
south-west  coast  of  Fife.  The  town  stands 
on  small  bay  of  its  own  name,  4  miles 
south-east  of  Dunfermline ;  dates  from 
ancient  times ;  presents  a  renovated  ap- 
pearance ;  ranks  as  a  seaport  and  a  royal 
burgh ;  unites  with  Dunfermline,  Queens- 
ferry,  Culross,  and  Stirling  in  sending  a 
member  to  Parliament ;  carries  on  con- 
siderable trade  and  commerce  ;  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Fifeshire, 
a  railway  station,  a  banking  office,  a 
pretty  good  harbour,  a  town  hall,  a 
corn  market,  Established  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  a  large  public 
school,  and  sites  of  two  ancient  mon- 
asteries. Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£4689.  Pop.  1646.— The  parish  contains 
also  Parknook  and  Hillend  villages, 
small  part  of  Limekilns,  and  the  islets  of 
Inchgarvie  and  Bimar.  Its  length,  ex- 
clusive of  the  islets,  is  5£  miles  ;  its  great- 
est breadth  less  than  Lj  mile ;  its  area 
4482  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81  of 
landward  parts,  £8774.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  2565;  quoad  sacra,  2506.  The 
surface  consists  of  a  low  hill-range  in  the 
south,  a  rising-ground  in  the  north,  and 
valley  between,  and  is  mostly  in  a  high 
state  of  cultivation.  A  chief  object  of 
interest  is  Rosyth  Castle.  There  are  3 
schools  for  544  scholars,  and  2  of  them  for 
374  are  new. 

INVERKEITHNIE,  village  and  parish  on 
north-east  border  of  Banffshire.  The 
village  stands  on  the  river  Deveron,  7 
miles  west-south- west  of  Turriff,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Turriff,  a  parochial 
church,  and  a  public  school. — The  parish 
measures  6  miles  by  5,  and  comprises  7641 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6080. 
Pop.  909.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
hill  and  dale,  and  fully  three-fourths  of  it 
are  arable.  There  are  2  schools  for  230 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  100  is 
new. 

INVERKINDY,  place  on  the  Don,  at 
mutual  border  of  Strathdon  and  Towie 
parishes,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen. 

INVERKINLAS,  place  on  Loch  Etive,  6 
miles  above  Bunawe,  Argyleshire. 

INVERKIP.    See  Innerkip. 

INVERKIRKAIG,  place,  with  waterfall 
at  mouth  of  rivulet,  on  the  coast  a  little 
south  of  Lochinver,  Sutherland. 

INVERLAEL,  seat  near  UUapool,  Ross- 
shire. 

INVERLEITH,  northern  suburb  of  Edin- 
burgh.   It  contains  the  Botanic  Garden. 
INVERLEVEN.    See  Dubbieside. 


INVERLOCHY,  two  castles,  ancient  and 
modern,  in  south-west  end  of  Great  Glen, 
Inverness-shire.  The  ancient  castle  stands 
on  Lochy  river,  1^  mile  north-east  of  Fort- 
William;  is  fabled  to  have  been  a  royal 
palace  amid  a  great  ancient  city  of  Pic- 
tavia ;  seems  to  have  really  been  erected 
by  the  English  in  the  time  of  Edward  I.  as 
a  partizan  stronghold ;  was  a  great  quad- 
rangular structure,  with  round  towers  at 
the  corners  and  an  encompassing  deep 
wide  fosse;  and  is  now  a  very  striking 
ruin.  The  modern  castle  stands  2  miles 
north-east  of  the  ruin,  and  is  the  seat  of 
Lord  Abinger.  The  battle  of  Inverlochy, 
fought  in  1645,  is  narrated,  with  some 
variation,  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Legend  of 
Montrose. 

INVERMARK,  roofless  castle  of  1526  in 
centre  of  Lochlee  parish,  Forfarshire. 

INVERMAY,  modern  mansion  and  ruined 
ancient  tower,  amid  the  'Birks  of  Inver- 
may '  of  popular  song,  in  Forteviot  parish, 
Perthshire. 

INVERMORISTON,  hamlet  and  seat  at 
mouth  of  Glenmoriston,  7  miles  north- 
east of  Fort-Augustus,  Inverness-shire. 
The  hamlet  has  an  inn  and  a  public  school. 

INVERNAHAVEN,  battlefield  between 
the  Mackintoshes  and  the  Camerons,  in 
time  of  James  I.,  6  miles  south-west  of 
Kingussie,  Inverness-shire. 

INVERNEIL,  seat  in  South  Knapdale 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

INVERNESS,  town  and  parish  on  north- 
east border  of  Inverness-shire.  The  town 
stands  on  the  river  Ness,  adjacent  to 
junction  of  Moray  and  Beauly  Firths,  108^ 
miles  west-by-north  of  Aberdeen;  com- 
prises old  town  on  the  right  bank  and  new 
town  on  the  left ;  occupies  low  ground 
amid  richly  diversified  and  highly  pictur- 
esque environs ;  claims  an  origin  prior  to 
the  Christian  era,  but  does  not  come  into 
view  till  the  times  of  the  Pictavian  king- 
dom, and  seems  to  have  been  of  small  con- 
sequence till  the  times  of  the  early  Scoto- 
Saxon  kings  ;  possessed  long  a  great  pala- 
tial castle  erected  by  Malcolm  Canmore ; 
figured  much  in  the  wars  of  the  Succes- 
sion, in  the  contests  of  the  Crown  with 
the  Lords  of  the  Isles,  and  in  provincial 
convulsions  north  of  the  Grampians ;  was 
the  headquarters  of  the  Jacobites  through- 
out the  rebellion  of  1745-46  ;  had  anciently 
two  monasteries  and  a  Lady  chapel,  obli- 
terated as  building  material  for  a  great 
pentagonal  fort,  erected  by  Oliver  Crom- 
well at  a  cost  of  £80,000 ;  retains  a  sou- 
venir of  that  fort  in  what  is  now  called  the 
citadel,  contiguous  to  the  harbour ;  had, 
till  recent  times,  a  peculiar  aspect  and 
peculiar  manners,  but  became  perfectly 
assimilated  in  character  to  the  best  pro- 
vincial towns  in  the  Lowlands  ;  and,  since 
about  1850  but  specially  since  1864,  has 
undergone  great  architectural  and  economi- 
cal improvement.  It  now  exhibits  much 
neatness  and  beauty,  extends  about  a 
mile  beyond  both  banks  of  the  river, 


INV 


244 


INV 


contains  a  good  aggregate  of  imposing 
public  buildings,  and  presents  strong 
attractions  to  tourists  and  to  incoming 
wealthy  residents  ;  it  ranks  as  a  head  sea- 
port, a  royal  and  parliamentary  burgh,  a 
seat  of  justiciary  courts,  the  political  capi- 
tal of  Inverness-shire,  and  the  nominal 
capital  of  the  Highlands ;  it  unites  with 
Fortrose,  Nairn,  and  Forres  in  sending  a 
member  to  Parliament ;  it  publishes  2 
newspapers  thrice  a  week,  2  others  weekly, 
and  2  magazines  monthly;  and  it  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
railway  station,  the  head  office  of  the 
Caledonian  Bank,  offices  of  7  other  banks, 
3  large  hotels  and  6  lesser  ones,  3  Estab- 
lished churches,  5  Free  churches,  an  Epis- 
copalian cathedral,  Episcopalian,  United 
Presbyterian,  Wesleyan,  and  Roman  Cath- 
olic churches,  an  academy,  a  collegiate 
school,  4  primary  public  schools,  a  free 
public  library,  an  infirmary,  a  lunatic 
asylum,  and  a  number  of  miscellaneous 
institutions. 

The  County  Buildings  were  erected  in 
1835  at  a  cost  of  £7500.  The  New  Town 
Hall  was  erected  in  1877-80  at  a  cost  of 
£10,000.  The  New  Barracks,  about  a  mile 
from  the  town,  were  projected  in  1877,  to 
cost  not  less  than  £60,000.  The  Caledonian 
Bank  is  an  elegant  recent  edifice,  somewhat 
resembling  the  Commercial  Bank  in  Edin- 
burgh. The  Railway  Station  and  Hotel  were 
erected  in  1876  at  a  cost  of  about  £12,600, 
and  extended  in  1881  at  a  cost  of  £6000. 
The  Suspension  Bridge,  the  main  com- 
munication between  the  old  town  and  the 
new,  was  erected  in  1855-56  at  a  cost  of 
more  than  £26,000.  The  Established  West 
church,  the  Free  High  and  East  churches, 
the  Episcopalian  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches  are  modern  and  handsome.  The 
Episcopalian  cathedral  was  erected  in 
1866-71,  is  highly  ornamental,  and  has  two 
spires  200  feet  high.  The  Academy  is  a 
large  well-endowed  structure  of  1792.  The 
Infirmary  was  erected  in  1804,  and  com- 
prises large  centre  and  two  wings.  The 
Lunatic  Asylum,  about  1^  mile  south-west 
of  the  town,  was  erected  in  1857,  at  a  cost 
of  £45,000.  The  Post  Office,  the  Highland 
Club,  the  Imperial  Hotel,  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  Buildings, 
and  some  other  edifices  are  recent  and 
ornamental.  The  new  waterworks,  draw- 
ing from  a  lake  fully  6  miles  distant,  and 
capable  of  yielding  70  gallons  per  in- 
habitant per  day,  were  opened  in  December 
1877.  The  port  has  jurisdiction  eastward 
to  mouth  of  the  Spey,  northward  up 
Dornoch  Firth  to  Bonar-Bridge,  south- 
westward  to  Fort-William,  and  northward 
thence  round  Skye  to  Rhustore.  The 
vessels  belonging  to  it  at  end  of  1879  were 
119  sailing  vessels  of  10,654  tons, 
and  6  steam  vessels  of  658  tons.  Those 
which  entered  in  1879  were  2786  British 
vessels  of  295,033  tons,  and  73  foreign 
vessels  of  14,088  tons  ;  and  those  which 
cleared   were    2719    British   vessels  of 


291,157  tons,  and  69  foreign  vessels  of 
13,145  tons.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£76,559.    Pop.  17,365. 

The  parish  contains  also  the  suburb  of 
Clachnaharry  and  the  villages  of  Balloch, 
Culcabock,  Hilton,  Resandrie,  and  Smith- 
town.  Its  length  is  about  14  miles ;  its 
mean  breadth  about  1\  miles ;  its  area 
23,573  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81  of 
landward  part,  £26,667.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  21,725.  The  surface  consists  of 
the  north  -  easternmost  portion  of  the 
Great  Glen,  together  with  the  terminal 
parts  of  that  glen's  hill-screens.  This  por- 
tion of  the  glen  is  rich  valley,  mostly  low 
and  smooth,  but  pleasantly  diversified  by 
terrace  and  hillock.  Tomnahurich,  an  iso- 
lated diluvial  eminence,  about  a  mile  south- 
west of  the  town,  is  adorned  with  wood,  and 
has  a  large  ornamental  recent  cemetery. 
Craigphadrick,  the  acclivitous  termination 
of  the  north-west  hill  flank,  about  2  miles 
west  of  the  town,  has  a  tabular  summit  at 
a  height  of  1150  feet,  and  is  crowned  by 
an  extensive  double-walled  vitrified  fort. 
Chief  seats  are  Muirtown,  Raigmore, 
Darochville,  Dochfour,  and  Culloden ; 
and  chief  antiquities,  additional  to  those 
already  noticed,  are  an  ancient  Caledonian 
stone  circle,  traces  of  ancient  Caledonian 
fortifications,  and  three  cairns.  24  schools 
for  3955  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  6  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  1200  are  new. 

INVERNESS-SHIRE,  county,  compre- 
hending part  of  mainland  from  head  of 
Moray  Firth  south-westward  to  Deucale- 
clonian  Sea,  all  Skye  group  of  Inner 
Hebrides,  all  Outer  Hebiides  southward 
from  Lewis-proper,  and  the  tiny  distant 
isle-group  of  St.  Kilda.  The  mainland 
part  measures  94  miles  in  length,  56  miles 
in  greatest  breadth,  and  4255  square  miles 
in  area ;  is  bisected  lengthwise  by  the 
Great  Glen ;  and  contains  the  western 
portion  of  Moray  province,  the  sections  of 
Aird,  Strathglass,  Glenurquhart,  Glen- 
moriston,  Glengarry,  and  Glenarchaig, 
and  the  districts  of  Badenoch,  Lochaber, 
Moydart,  Arasaig,  Morar,  Knoydart,  and 
Glenelg.  The  north-eastern  section  for  a 
few  miles  round  Inverness  onward  to 
north-eastern  extremity  is  low  country, 
mostly  fertile  and  ornate ;  but  nearly  all 
the  rest  consists  of  lofty  mountains,  with 
intersections  of  straths  or  deep  glens,  and 
interspersions  of  wild  moors.  The  moun- 
tains either  include  or  adjoin  the  loftiest 
summits  in  Scotland,  have  many  diver- 
sities of  contour  and  arrangement,  and 
exhibit  in  the  aggregate  great  force  of 
feature ;  and  the  straths  and  glens,  for  the 
most  part,  abound  in  charms  of  wood, 
water,  and  cultivation.  Chief  fresh-water 
lakes  are  Ness,  Oich,  and  Lochy  in  Great 
Glen ;  Laggan  and  Treig  in  Lochaber ; 
Insch  in  Badenoch  ;  Clunie  in  Glenmoris- 
ton  ;  Quoich  and  Garry  in  Glengarry  ;  Ar- 
chaig  in  Glenarchaig ;  Monar,  Banchran, 
Miulie,  Molardich,  Affrick,  and  Beneveian 
in  Strathglass ;  Morar  between  Morar  and 


INY 


245 


ION 


Arasaig,  and  Shiel  on  boundary  with 
Argyleshire.  Chief  rivers  are  the  Spey  in 
Badenoch,  the  Spean  in  Lochaber,  the 
Ness  and  the  Lochy  in  respectively  the 
north-east  and  south-west  of  Great  Glen, 
the  Beauly  and  its  head-streams  in  Strath- 
glass,  the  upper  parts  of  the  Nairn  and 
the  Findhorn  in  the  north-east,  the  Dul- 
nain  running  through  Duthil  to  the  Spey, 
and  the  streams  traversing  the  chief  lateral 
glens.  The  chief  sea-lochs  are  Hourn, 
between  Glenelg  and  Knoydart ;  Nevis, 
between  Knoydart  and  Arasaig;  Aylort, 
between  Arasaig  and  Moydart ;  and  Eil 
and  Leven,  on  boundary  with  Argyleshire. 
Old  red  sandstone  prevails  in  the  north- 
eastern tract  of  low  country,  and  is  mostly 
covered  with  fertile  soil ;  but  granite, 
trap,  and  metamorphic  rocks  prevail  in 
the  mountains  and  glens,  and  have  small 
economical  value.  Agriculture  is  well 
practised  in  the  low  tracts  ;  sea-fishing  is 
plied  on  the  coasts ;  and  the  rearing  of 
bovine  cattle  and  sheep  is  the  chief  occu- 
pation in  the  uplands.  The  principal 
islands  are  Skye,  Raasay,  Rum,  Eigg, 
Harris,  North  Uist,  Benbecula,  South 
Uist,  and  Barra,  and  will  be  found  noticed 
in  their  respective  alphabetical  places. 
Places  notable  in  the  history  of  the  High- 
land clans,  and  antiquities  of  the  ancient 
Caledonian  times,  are  numerous.  The 
only  town  with  more  than  14,000  inhabi- 
tants is  Inverness ;  the  only  other  one 
with  more  than  1000  is  Fort-William  ;  and 
the  only  villages  with  more  than  300  in- 
habitants are  Beauly,  Campbelton,  Por- 
tree, Kingussie,  and  Newtonmore.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £342,948.  Pop.  in 
1871,  87,531 ;  in  1881,  90,414. 

INVERNETTY,  seat  near  Peterhead, 
Aberdeenshire. 

INVERNOCHTY,  place,  with  abrupt 
conical  mound,  supposed  to  have  been  the 
site  of  an  ancient  church,  in  Strathdon 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

INVERORAN,  inn  on  Loch  Tolla,  in 
Glenorchy  parish,  Argyleshire. 

INVERQUEICH,  ruined  castle,  thought 
to  have  been  a  royal  hunting-seat,  in 
Alyth  parish,  Perthshire. 

INVERQUHARITY,  strong,  old,  well- 
preserved  four-storey  castle,  3  miles  north- 
east of  Kirriemuir,  Forfarshire. 

INVERSANDA,  seat,  4  miles  west  of 
Corran  Ferry,  in  Ardgour  district,  Argyle- 
shire. 

INVERSHIN,  hamlet,  5£  miles  south  of 
Lairg,  Sutherland.  It  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Sutherlandshire,  a  railway 
station,  and  a  public  school. 

INVERSNAID,  burn,  ruined  fort,  and 
hamlet  in  extreme  north-west  of  Stirling- 
shire. The  burn  issues  from  Loch  Arklet, 
runs  3  miles  westward  to  Loch  Lomond 
at  6  miles  from  the  lake's  head,  and 
makes,  in  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
lake,  a  fine  cascade  of  30  feet.  The 
fort  crowns  a  rising-ground  adjacent  to 
the  burn,  2  miles  west  of  Loch  Arklet, 


and  was  erected  in  1713  to  overawe  the 
Macgregors.  The  hamlet  lies  at  the 
burn's  mouth ;  is  the  point  of  communi- 
cation from  Loch  Lomond  to  Loch 
Katrine  ;  and  has  a  steamboat  pier  and 
a  hotel. 

INVERTIEL,  suburb  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  on  south  coast  of  Fife.  The 
suburb  adjoins  south  end  of  Kirkcaldy ; 
is  sometimes  called  West-Bridge  ;  belongs 
to  Kinghorn  quoad  civilia  parish ;  and 
has  an  Established  church  and  a  Free 
church.  The  quoad  sacra  parish  includes 
also  part  of  Abbotshall.    Pop.  2023. 

INVERTROSSACHS,  seat  on  south  side 
of  Loch  Vennachoir,  in  Callander  parish, 
Perthshire. 

INVERUGIE,  railway  station,  small 
village,  and  ruined  splendid  castle  of 
the  Earls  Marischal,  on  the  coast  2 
miles  north  of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire. 

INVERUGIE,  seat  in  Duffus  parish, 
Elginshire. 

INVERUGLAS,  seat  and  small  bay  on 
west  side  of  Loch  Lomond,  3J  miles 
north-by-west  of  Luss. 

INVERURY,  town  and  parish  in  Garioch 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  town  stands 
at  conflux  of  the  Ury  and  the  Don,  17 
miles  north-west  of  Aberdeen ;  includes 
Port-Elphinstone  suburb,  on  Kintore  side 
of  the  Don ;  is  a  royal  burgh,  alleged  to 
date  from  the  time  of  Robert  Bruce ; 
unites  with  Peterhead,  Kintore,  Banff, 
Cullen,  and  Elgin  in  sending  a  member 
to  Parliament ;  presents  a  straggling,  ill- 
constructed  appearance ;  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  3  banking  offices,  good  modern 
bridges,  Established,  Free,  Congregational, 
Wesleyan,  Episcopalian,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  3  public  schools,  and 
2  other  schools.  The  Bass  adjacent  to  it 
has  been  separately  noticed.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £8845.  Pop.  2931.— The  parish 
measures  about  4  miles  by  3,  and  com- 
prises 4946  acres.  Real  property  of  land- 
ward part  in  1880-81,  £4342.  Pop.  3038. 
The  surface  includes  about  1000  acres  of 
haugh  and  vale  adjacent  to  the  rivers, 
and  rises  gradually  thence  into  three  hills, 
with  intervening  hollows. 

INVERWICK.    See  Innerwick. 

INVERY,  estate  in  Banchory-Ternan 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

INWEARY,  burn,  running  to  the  Forth, 
on  west  boundary  of  Abercromby  parish, 
Fife. 

IONA,  village,  island,  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Mull  group  of  Hebrides.  The 
village  stands  on  east  coast  of  the  island, 
near  south-western  extremity  of  Mull,  47| 
miles  west-south-west  of  Oban,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Oban,  and  a  hotel. — The 
island  measures  about  3^  miles  in  length, 
and  about  l£  in  greatest  breadth ;  is 
variously  low,  tumulated,  and  moorish, 
with  an  abrupt  hill,  about  330  feet  high ; 
and  contains  quartz,  dolomite,  and  ser- 
pentine.   It  was  famous,  from  563  or  565 


IOK  246 


till  beginning  of  8th  century,  for  the 
evangelizing  establishment  of  Columba 
and  his  Culd.ee  successors ;  it  afterwards 
suffered  severe  injuries  by  invasions  of 
Norsemen  and  Picts;  it  became  notable 
again,  in  1203  and  following  years,  by 
erection  on  it  of  Roman  Catholic  establish- 
ments ;  and  it  long  figured,  in  connection 
with  these,  as  the  seat  of  a  diocese,  a 
resort  of  pilgrims,  and  a  venerated  burying- 
place.  The  site  of  the  Culdee  establish- 
ment was  on  its  west  shore,  retains  no 
vestige  of  buildings,  and  is  very  rarely 
visited.  The  site  of  the  Eoman  Catholic 
establishments  is  on  the  east  shore,  ad- 
jacent to  the  village,  retains  ruins  of  the 
buildings,  and  numerous  curious  old  tomb- 
stones, and  is  popularly  identified  with 
the  Culdee  history,  and  visited  by  multi- 
tudes as  a  place  of  joint  interest  with 
Staffa,  in  steamboat  circular  route  around 
Mull.  The  ruins  include  a  cathedral,  two 
chapels,  and  two  carved  crosses,  and  were 
extensively  restored  in  1874-75.  Pop.  of 
the  island,  243. — The  quoad  sacra  parish 
includes  part  of  Mull,  and  has  Established 
and  Free  churches  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  709. 

IORSA,  rivulet  running  about  7  miles 
south-westward  to  Mauchray  Bay,  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire. 

IRELAND,  headland,  with  remains  of 
church,  on  west  coast  of  Dunrossness 
parish,  Shetland. 

IRISHLAW,  lofty  hill  in  Largs  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

IRON,  long  insulated  rock,  visible  only 
at  low-water,  about  a  mile  from  Brown 
Head,  on  south  coast  of  Arran  Island, 
Buteshire. 

IRONGATH,  hill,  with  extensive  view,  1J 
mile  north  of  Linlithgow. 

IRONGRAY.     See  Kiekpateick-Ieon- 

GEAT. 

IRONMACCANINE,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Balmaclellan  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

IRONSHILL,  eminence  in  Inverkeilor 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

IRVINE,  river,  town,  and  parish  in 
Ayrshire.  The  river  rises  at  watershed 
with  Lanarkshire,  runs  21  miles  westward 
between  Cunningham  and  Kyle  to  the 
Firth  of  Clyde,  and  has  there  a  joint 
mouth  with  the  Garnock  in  the  lagoon  of 
Irvine  harbour.  —  The  town  stands  on 
north  side  of  that  mouth,  6|  miles  west  of 
Kilmarnock ;  includes  Fullarton  suburb 
on  south  side  within  Dundonald  parish ; 
made  some  figure  in  the  wars  of  Robert 
Bruce  ;  ranks  now  as  a  seaport,  a  seat  of 
manufacture,  and  a  royal  burgh ;  unites 
with  Ayr,  Campbelton,  Inverary,  and 
Oban  in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ; 
presents  a  pleasant,  well-built  appearance  ; 
publishes  two  weekly  newspapers ;  gave 
the  title  of  viscount,  from  1661  till  1778, 
to  the  family  of  Ingram  ;  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station  adjacent  to  six-arched  viaduct,  4 


ISL 


banking  offices,  2  hotels,  a  ruined  town 
mansion  of  the  Earls  of  Eglinton,  a  town 
hall,  waterworks  of  1878  constructed  at 
a  cost  of  £40,000,  2  Established  churches, 
2  Free  churches,  2  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  Baptist  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  an  academy,  3  primary  public 
schools,  and  an  industrial  school.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £13,436.  Pop.  8498. 
— The  parish  measures  4J  miles  by  3^,  and 
comprises  3930  acres.  Real  property  of 
landward  part  in  1879-80,  £13,308.  Pop. 
of  the  whole,  6013.  The  surface  is  partly 
low,  partly  ascending  but  not  hilly,  and 
includes  a  large  portion  of  Eglinton  Castle 
park.  The  only  mansion  is  Bourtreehill, 
and  the  chief  antiquity  is  Stone  Castle. 
There  are  8  schools  for  1966  scholars,  and 
1  of  them  for  500  is  new. 

IRVING,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Kirkpatrick-Fleming,  Dumfriesshire. 

ISA,  islet  in  Duirinish  parish,  Skye, 
Inverness-shire. 

ISEVAULE,  hill,  808  feet  high,  on  south 
coast  of  South  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

ISHOL,  islet  adjacent  to  south-west 
coast  of  Islay,  Argyleshire. 

ISHOL,  islet  in  Loch  Linnhe,  Argyleshire. 

ISHOUR,  lake  in  Durness  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

ISLA,  river  of  Forfarshire  and  Perth- 
shire. It  rises  at  west  extremity  of 
Benchinnan  Mountains,  runs  17  miles 
south-south-eastward  to  Strathmore,  and 
proceeds  thence  11  miles  south-westward 
to  the  Tay  in  vicinity  of  Cargill.  The 
upper  half  of  it  is  grandly  picturesque ; 
the  lower  half  charmingly  beautiful. 

ISLA,  small  river,  chiefly  of  Banffshire 
and  partly  on  boundary  with  Aberdeen- 
shire. It  rises  in  the  south  of  Botriphnie 
parish  ;  runs  about  15  miles  semicircularly, 
with  convexity  to  the  north  ;  and  falls  into 
the  Deveron  at  4f  miles  north  of  Huntly. 

ISLAY,  chief  island  of  southernmost 
group  of  Inner  Hebrides.  It  lies  17  miles 
west  of  Kintyre ;  is  divided  by  Islay 
Sound,  little  more  than  a  mile  wide,  from 
Jura ;  measures  25  miles  from  north  to 
south,  and  20  miles  from  east  to  west ; 
converges,  in  the  north,  on  lines  like  two 
sides  of  an  equilateral  triangle ;  and  is 
bisected,  in  the  south  up  to  the  centre, 
by  Lochindaal.  The  coast,  in  the  south- 
west, forms  very  lofty  cliffs  ;  in  part  of 
the  north-west  is  cavernous  ;  elsewhere  is 
variously  sandy  beach,  low  diluvial  land, 
and  abrupt  low  rock.  The  interior  has 
neither  lofty  mountains  nor  low  plains, 
yet  shows  much  diversity  of  surface,  pre- 
sents some  pleasing  scenery,  and  includes 
about  60  square  miles  of  bog.  Ten,  if  not 
more,  distilleries  of  whisky  were  formerly  on 
the  island,  and  carried  on  their  operations 
duty  free  ;  but  only  seven,  four  of  them 
very  extensive,  were  on  it  in  1879.  Islay 
whisky  possesses  a  peculiar  flavour,  thought 
to  be  derived  from  the  peat  used  in  the 
distilleries  ;  and  it  is  extensively  exported. 
The  island  contains  the  villages  of  Bow- 


ISL 


247 


JED 


more,  Bridgend,  Port-Charlotte,  Portna- 
haven,  Port-Ellen,  and  Port-Askaig ;  is 
divided  into  3  parishes  quoad  civilia,  and 
3  more  quoad  sacra ;  and  contains  4  post 
offices,  2  banking  offices,  6  Established 
churches,  5  Free  churches,  and  a  Baptist 
chapel.    Pop.  7559. 

ISLE  MARTIN,  small  island,  5  miles 
north-west  of  Ullapool,  Ross-shire. 

ISLE  OF  BENLEVEN.    See  Benleven. 

ISLE  OF  LOCHAR,  hill-ridge,  more  than 
^  mile  long,  consisting  wholly  of  sea  sand, 
in  middle  of  Lochar  Moss,  Dumfriesshire. 

ISLE  OF  MAY,  island  in  mouth  of  Firth 
of  Forth,  6  miles  south-south-east  of  Crail, 
Fife.  It  measures  about  1  mile  in  length 
and  f  mile  in  breadth;  has  precipitous 
coasts  about  160  feet  high,  and  a  flattish 
surface ;  and  contains  a  ruined  ancient 
proiry,  and  two  lighthouses  with  fixed 
lights  visible  at  the  distances  of  16  and  22 
nautical  miles.    Pop.  10. 

ISLE  OF  WHITHORN,  seaport  village,  3J 
miles  south-east  of  Whithorn,  Wigton- 
shire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Wigtonshire,  a  Free  church,  and 
vestiges  of  a  very  ancient  small  church. 
Pop.  343. 

ISLE  ORONSAY,  place  on  coast  of  Skye, 
6  miles  south-west  of  Glenelg,  Inverness- 
shire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Broadford,.  a  small  inn,  and  a  fine  natural 
harbour. 

ISLE  ORONSAY,  islet  adjacent  to  north 
coast  of  North  Uist  Island,  Outer  Heb- 
rides.   Pop.  25. 

ISLE  TANERAY,  largest  of  Summer 
Islands,  Boss-shire. 

ISLE  TOLL,  place  near  Auldgirth  railway 
station,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Dumfries. 

ISSAY,  island  in  Dunvegan  Bay,  Isle  of 
Skye. 

ITHAN.    See  Ythan. 

ITLAW,  place  in  Alvah  parish,  Banff- 
shire.   It  has  a  post  office  under  Banff. 

IVYBANK,  seat  in  Nairn  parish,  Nairn- 
shire. 


JACKSON,  hill  in  St.  Cyrus  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

JACKTON,  village  in  East  Kilbride, 
Lanarkshire. 

JAMES  (ST.),  ancient  parish,  now  an- 
nexed to  Kelso,  Roxburghshire. 

JAMES  (ST.),  parish,  with  Established 
and  Free  churches,  in  east  of  Glasgow. 
Pop.,  quoad  sacra,  5662. 

JAMES  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  on  the 
Clyde  at  and  around  Clydebank.  See 
Clydebank. 

JAMES  (ST.),  Forfarshire.  See  Forpae- 
St.  James. 

JAMESTON,  village  in  Contin  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

JAMESTON,  village,  9  miles  north-west 
of  Langholm,  Dumfriesshire. 


JAMESTOWN,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Dumbartonshire.  The  town 
stands  in  upper  part  of  Vale  of  Leven,  f 
mile  south-south-east  of  Balloch,  and  has 
a  post  office  designated  of  Dumbarton- 
shire, a  railway  station,  extensive  print- 
works, a  steepled  church  of  1869,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  388  scholars. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  2170;  of  the  quoad 
sacra  parish,  2925. 

JAMIMA.    See  Jemima. 

JANEFIELD,  seat  in  Kirkcudbright 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

JANETOWN,  village  on  Loch  Carron, 
4  miles  north-east  of  Strome  Ferry,  Ross- 
shire.  It  has  a  good  inn,  and  is  the 
parochial  centre  of  Lochcarron  parish. 

JANETSTOWN,  hamlet  in  Thurso  parish, 
Caithness.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Thurso,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
80  scholars. 

JARDINE  HALL,  seat  of  Sir  Alexander 
Jardine,  Bart.,  on  the  river  Annan,  4^ 
miles  north-north-west  of  Lockerby,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

JEANTOWN.    See  Janetown. 

JED,  small  river  of  Roxburghshire.  It 
rises  on  one  of  the  central  Cheviots,  and 
runs  about  18  miles  northward  to  the 
Teviot  at  2g  miles  north  of  Jedburgh. 

JEDBURGH,  town  and  parish  in  Rox- 
burghshire. The  town  stands  on  Jed 
river,  midway  between  Hawick  and  Kelso, 
46  miles  by  road,  but  56  by  railway,  south- 
east of  Edinburgh  ;  dates  from  early  part 
of  9th  century  ;  had  a  great  ancient  castle, 
both  a  frequent  residence  of  the  Scoto- 
Saxon  kings  and  a  powerful  Border 
fortalice  ;  contained  or  commanded  nume- 
rous peel  towers  and  camps  for  co-operating 
with  the  castle  against  invaders ;  figured 
both  near  and  far  by  the  action  of  its 
townsmen  in  many  a  Border  conflict ; 
suffered  devastation  several  times  by  the 
English,  but  always  recovered  or  increased 
its  force ;  glided  toward  decay  in  the 
times  subsequent  to  the  National  Union ; 
rose  into  modern  prosperity  partly  by 
adoption  of  woollen  manufacture,  partly 
by  other  causes ;  ranks  now  as  the 
political  capital  of  Roxburghshire  and 
the  seat  of  justiciary  courts  for  the  south- 
eastern counties ;  unites  with  Lauder, 
Haddington,  Dunbar,  and  North  Berwick 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament; 
publishes  2  weekly  newspapers ;  and  has 
a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
a  terminal  railway  station,  5  banking 
offices,  2  hotels,  a  county  hall,  a  county 
prison,  a  large  well-preserved  portion  of 
an  ancient  abbey,  a  parochial  church, 
a  Free  church,  2  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  Evangelical  Union,  Episco- 
palian, and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a 
large  public  school,  and  a  museum.  Its 
site  is  a  skirt  of  the  Dunian,  adjoining 
a  low  dell  of  the  Jed,  between  bold  hill- 
masses  and  a  i*ich  expanse  of  valley  south- 
ward to  the  Cheviots.  Its  principal  street 
ascends  about  \  mile  to  the  aggregate 


JED 


248 


JOH 


elevation  of  170  feet,  and  is  intersected 
near  the  middle  by  a  spacious  market- 
place. Its  houses  show  much  variety, 
from  ancient  to  new,  and  from  mean  to 
elegant ;  and  one  of  them,  in  a  back 
street,  is  a  large,  strong,  three-storey 
edifice,  which  was  occupied  for  a  short 
time  by  Queen  Mary.  The  county  hall 
adjoins  the  market-place,  and  is  a  neat 
large  structure  of  1812.  The  county 
prison  stands  at  the  town  head,  occupies 
the  site  of  the  ancient  castle,  and  is  a 
massive,  castellated,  conspicuous  edifice 
of  1823.  The  abbey  overlooks  the  Jed's 
dell ;  was  founded  by  David  I.  for  canons- 
regular  ;  had  extensive  buildings,  great 
wealth,  and  powerful  influence ;  is  now 
represented  by  the  west  front,  the  central 
tower,  the  north  transept,  most  of  the 
nave,  and  part  of  the  choir  of  its  church  ; 
and  these  recently  underwent  interior 
clearance  and  renovation,  and  possess 
strong  interest  for  antiquaries  and  artists. 
The  parochial  church  was  erected  in 
1872-75,  at  a  cost  of  about  £11,000,  and 
is  cruciform,  steepled,  and  early  pointed. 
The  school  board  resolved  in  1880  to  take 
down  the  Grammar  School,  and  to  erect 
a  new  school  and  offices  on  its  site.  Real 
property  of  the  town  in  1880-81,  £12,877. 
Pop.  3402. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  of  Bongate,  Bonjedward,  Lanton, 
and  Ulston ;  and  it  consists  of  two  sections, 
separated  about  a  mile  from  each  other  by 
a  wing  of  Oxnam.  Its  length,  measured 
across  that  wing,  is  10^  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  is  4§  miles  ;  and  its  area  is  22,535 
acres.  Real  property  of  landward  part  in 
1880-81,  £25,811.  Pop.  of  the  whole, 
quoad  civilia,  5147:  quoad  sacra,  4917.  The 
southern  part  is  hilly  and  mountainous ; 
the  middle  parts  are  rich  valley,  flanked 
by  rising-grounds,  with  many  intersect- 
ing ravines ;  and  the  northern  part  is  a 
diversity  of  hill  and  dale.  The  seats  are 
Hartrigge,  Jedfoot,  Jerdonfield,  Langlee, 
Bonjedward,  Gilliestongues,  Glenburn, 
Lintalee,  Hundalee,  Hunthill,  Jedbank, 
Scaurs,  Samieston,  and  Edgerston  ;  chief 
antiquities  are  Ftsrniehirst  Castle,  Lanton 
and  Timpandean  Towers,  a  reach  of  Roman 
road,  a  Roman  camp,  a  fine  circular  camp, 
traces  of  four  other  ancient  camps,  and  sites 
of  eight  Border  peels  ;  and  curious  objects 
are  three  caves  and  two  great  oaks.  A  quoad 
sacra  parochial  church  is  at  Edgerston. 
Three  schools,  all  new,  are  in  the  land- 
ward part,  and  have  capacity  for  240 
scholars. 

JEDFOOT-BRIDGE,  railway  station,  1\ 
mile  north  of  Jedburgh,  Roxburghshire. 

JEFFRIES  CORSE,  mountain,  2004  feet 
high,  7  miles  north-north-east  of  Peebles. 

JELLYBRANDS,  estate,  with  public 
school,  in  Fetteresso  parish,  Kincardine- 
shire. 

JEMIMA,  village  in  Resolis  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

JERDONFIELD,  seat  in  Jedburgh  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 


JERICHO,  hamlet  on  south-west  border 
of  Tinwald  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

JERVISTON,  seat  in  Bothwell  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

JERVISWOOD,  decayed  old  castellated 
mansion  on  Mouse  rivulet,  near  Lanark. 

JOCK'S  GILL,  ravine  in  Carluke  parish, 

JOCK'S  LODGE,  village,  If  mile  east-by- 
north  of  General  Post  Office,  Edinburgh. 
It  contains  Piershill  cavalry  barracks,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Edinburgh, 
and  a  public  school  of  centre  and  wings 
erected  in  1880.    Pop.  1046. 

JOHN,  one  of  the  Ochil  Hills,  south- 
south-west  of  Craierossie,  Perthshire. 
JOHN  KNOX.    See  Knox. 
JOHN  LEGG'S  WELL,  medicinal  spring 
in  Fordyce  parish,  Banffshire. 

JOHN  -  0'  -  GROAT'S  -  HOUSE,  quondam 
curious  habitation,  built  in  early  part  of 
16th  century,  but  now  represented  by  only 
grassy  mound,  1\  mile  west-south-west  of 
Duncansby  Head,  Caithness. 

JOHN  (ST. ),  parish,  with  Established  and 
Free  churches,  in  Old  Town,  Edinburgh. 
Pop.  2446. 

JOHN  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  South 
Leith,  Edinburghshire.    Pop.  3867. 

JOHN  (ST.),  parish,  with  Established  and 
Free  churches,  in  east  of  Glasgow.  Pop. 
quoad  sacra,  24,566. 

JOHN  (ST.),  parish,  with  Established  and 
Free  churches,  in  Dundee.  Pop.  quoad 
sacra,  6032. 

JOHN'S  CLACHAN  (ST.).  See  Dalby, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

JOHNSHAVEN,  small  seaport  town,  4 
miles  south-south-west  of  Bervie,  Kincar- 
dineshire. It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Fordoun,  a  railway  station,  3  inns,  Free  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  92  scholars.    Pop.  1039. 

JOHNSON'S,  coast  cave  at  south-western 
extremity  of  Stromness  parish,  Orkney. 

JOHNSTON,  seat,  with  extensive  view, 
in  Laurencekirk  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

JOHNSTON,  lake  in  east  end  of  Cadder 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

JOHNSTONE,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Renfrewshire.  The  town  stands 
on  the  Black  Cart,  at  end  of  Paisley 
Canal,  Z\  miles  west-by-south  of  Paisley ; 
was  founded  in  1781,  on  a  regular  plan,  as  a 
seat  of  manufacture;  comprises  two  squares, 
intersecting  streets,  and  two  small  suburbs  ; 
contains  cotton  factories,  foundries,  and 
other  industrial  establishments  ;  publishes 
4  weekly  newspapers  ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  money  order  and  telegraph  de- 
partments, a  railway  station,  4  banking 
offices,  a  public  hall,  an  Established  church 
built  in  1793  and  repaired  in  1877,  a  Free 
church,  2  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
Episcopalian  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
and  3  large  public  schools.  Pop.  of  the 
town,  9267  ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish, 


JOH 


249 


KAM 


9201.  Johnstone  Castle,  about  a  mile 
south-east  of  the  town,  is  an  elegant 
modern  mansion. 

JOHNSTONE,  parish  with  church  7  miles 
north-north-west  of  Lockerby,  Dumfries- 
shire. It  contains  Johnstone-Bridge  post 
office,  measures  7  miles  by  5h,  and  comprises 
13,490  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£8316.  Pop.  1002.  The  surface  is  bounded 
on  the  east  by  the  river  Annan  down  to 
influx  of  the  Kinnel ;  includes  considerable 
extent  of  flat  alluvial  land  along  the 
Annan ;  forms  a  ridge  of  from  about  150 
to  about  750  feet  high  behind  that  flat 
land  ;  then  descends  slowly  to  lower  level, 
and  afterwards  rises  to  heights  of  more 
than  1200  feet  in  the  extreme  west.  The 
chief  residence  is  Raehills,  and  the  chief 
antiquity  is  Lochwood  Tower.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free,  and 
the  public  school  has  about  115  scholars. 

JOHNSTONE-BRIDGE,  place  in  John- 
stone parish,  with  post  office  under 
Lockerby,  Dumfriesshire. 

JOHNSTONE  CASTLE.  See  JOHNSTONE, 
Renfrewshire. 

JOPPA,  suburban  village  at  east  end  of 
Portobello,  Edinburghshire.  It  is  a  water- 
ing-place, and  has  a  railway  station  and  a 
chalybeate  spring.    Pop.  391. 

JOPPA,  village  in  Coylton  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

JORDANHILL,  seat  in  north-western 
vicinity  of  Partick  suburb  of  Glasgow. 

JORDANSTONE,  railway  station  and  seat, 
2  miles  south-east  of  Alyth,  Perthshire. 

JUNCTION  ROAD,  railway  station  be- 
tween Bonnington  and  North  Leith,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

JUNIPER  GREEN,  village  on  Water  of 
Leith,  4|  miles  south-west  of  Edinburgh. 
It  contains  many  ornate  cottages,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Currie,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, a  Free  church  reconstructed  in  1880, 
and  2  public  schools.    Pop.  1018. 

JURA,  sound,  island,  and  parish  in 
Argyleshire.  The  sound  separates  the 
island  from  southern  part  of  Lorn  and 
greater  part  of  Knapdale ;  extends  about 
18  miles  south -south-westward ;  widens 
from  3|  miles  near  its  north  end  to  8| 
miles  at  its  south  end ;  and  sends  off, 
from  its  east  side,  Lochs  Crinan,  Swin, 
and  Killisport. — The  island  extends  from 
within  a  mile  of  Scarba  to  within  a  mile  of 
Islay ;  measures  about  18  miles  in  length 
and  1\  in  extreme  breadth ;  has  a  mean 
breadth  of  not  more  than  2  miles  over 
about  5  miles  toward  its  north  end  ;  is 
nearly  bisected,  in  the  middle,  by  Loch 
Tarbert  in  the  west;  consists  chiefly  of 
one  bleak  rugged  mountain-ridge;  rises, 
in  its  southern  section,  into  three  conical 
peaks,  called  Paps  of  Jura,  the  loftiest 
with  an  altitude  of  2566  feet ;  culminates, 
in  its  northern  section,  in  a  summit  1482 
feet  high ;  presents,  to  the  west,  abrupt 
wild  declivities,  with  rocky  skirts  along 
the  coast ;  graduates  downward  on  the 
east  to  verdant  slopes  and  a  belt  of  plain  ; 


and  contains  Lagg  village,  with  post 
office  under  Greenock,  Jura  House  and 
Ardlussa  mansions,  and  remains  of  a  large 
ancient  camp.  Pop.  931. — The  parish 
comprehends  also  Scarba,  Pladda,  Lunga, 
Garvelloch,  Balnahua,  and  Skervuile  is- 
lands. Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £5816. 
The  places  of  worship  are  the  parochial 
one  and  a  Free  Church  preaching-station. 
The  public  school  has  about  67  scholars. 


KAIL.    See  Kale. 

KAILZIE,  seat  and  ancient  parish  in 
Peeblesshire.  The  seat  and  ruined  church 
are  3  miles  south-east  of  Peebles  ;  and  the 
parish  was  annexed,  in  1674,  two-thirds  to 
Traquair  and  one-third  to  Innerleithen. 

KAIM,  quondam  village  in  Duffus  par- 
ish, Elginshire. 

KAIM,  peninsulated  rock,  with  traces  of 
ancient  fort,  on  coast  of  St.  Cyrus  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

KAIM,  rocky  ridge,  probably  site  of 
ancient  camp,  in  Newton  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

KAIMES,  isolated  rocky  hill,  with  re- 
mains of  ancient  camp,  adjacent  to  Dal- 
mahoy,  Edinburghshire. 

KAIMES,  rocky  ridge  in  Kingoldrum 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

KAIMES,  hill  and  ironworks  adjacent  to 
Muirkirk,  Ayrshire. 

KAIMES,  irregular  gravelly  ridge,  more 
than  2  miles  long,  in  Greenlaw  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

KAIMES,  seat  and  low  broad  gravelly 
ridge  in  Eccles  parish,  Berwickshire. 

KAIMES,  small  bay  at  Millport,  Big 
Cumbray  Island,  Buteshire. 

KAIMES,  bay,  hill,  seat,  and  ruined 
small  tower  on  north-east  coast  of  Bute 
Island,  Buteshire.  The  bay  is  2^  miles 
north-north-west  of  Rothesay,  measures 
about  1^  mile  across  the  mouth,  and  has  a 
good  bathing  beach.  The  hill  overlooks 
the  bay,  and  commands  a  splendid  view. 
The  seat  is  on  low  ground  near  the  hill, 
and  consists  of  a  modern  edifice  adjoined 
to  an  ancient  tower. 

KAIMESBURGH,  or  PORT-BANNATYNE, 
village  on  Kaimes  Bay,  Bute  Island.  It  is 
a  pleasant  small  watering-place,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Rothesay,  a  hotel,  and  a 
Free  church.    Pop.  632. 

KAIR,  seat  in  Arbuthnot  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

KAIRNHILL,  mineral  field  in  Old  Monk- 
land  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

KALE,  rivulet  of  Roxburghshire.  It 
rises  among  the  Cheviots,  and  runs  about 
12  miles  northward  to  vicinity  of  More- 
battle,  and  thence  6  miles  west-north- west- 
ward to  the  Teviot  in  vicinity  of  Eckford. 

KALLIGRAY.    See  Calligray. 

KAME,  rivulet,  running  7  miles  north- 
north-eastward,  partly  along  a  picturesque 
glen,  to  the  Eden,  at  2J  miles  east  of  Cupar, 
Fife. 

KAME,  precipice,  with  colossal  natural 


KAM 


250 


KEI 


profile  resembling  that  of  Sir  "Walter  Scott, 
on  north-west  coast  of  Hoy,  Orkney. 
KAMES.  See  Kaimes. 
KATRINE,  lake,  partly  on  mutual  border 
of  Perthshire  and  Stirlingshire,  but  mainly 
on  mutual  border  of  Callander  and  Aber- 
foyle  parishes,  Perthshire.  It  commences 
at  \\  miles  east-south-east  of  head  of  Loch 
Lomond  ;  extends  in  sinuous  reaches  east- 
south-eastward  to  terminal  small  bay  ad- 
jacent to  west  end  of  Trossachs  ;  measures 
about  8  miles  in  length,  f  mile  in  mean 
breadth,  and  78  fathomsin  maximumdepth; 
is  closely  overhung  on  the  south  by  Ben- 
venue,  and  overlooked  in  other  directions 
by  near  uplands  and  a  distant  mountain 
sky-line ;  has  high  shores,  with  many  breaks 
of  bay  and  promontory  ;  contains  three 
islets  near  its  head,  and  Ellen's  Isle,  the 
centre  of  the  action  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Lady  of  the  Lake,  near  its  foot ;  possesses 
imposing  diversified  scenery,  but  exhibits  it 
in  successive  pieces,  often  with  striking 
change  of  character ;  lies  at  an  elevation  of 
about  365  feet  above  sea-level ;  gathers  vast 
supplies  of  pure  water  from  numerous  rills 
and  burns,  and  sends  off  about  90,000,000 
of  gallons  daily  to  Glasgow  waterworks, 
opening  on  it  with  aqueduct  and  pier,  and 
constructed  at  a  cost  of  £630,000. 

KEALLIN,  headland  and  harbour  at  south- 
ern extremity  of  North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 
KEANLOCH.    See  Ktnloch. 
KEARN,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Auchindoir,  Aberdeenshire. 

KEARVAIG,  bay  in  eastern  vicinity  of 
Cape  "Wrath,  Sutherland. 

KEBAT,  small  affiuent  of  the  Aven,  in 
Kirkmichael  parish,  Banffshire. 

KEBOCK,  headland,  13  miles  south  of 
Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides. 

KEELHILL,  coal-field  in  Old  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

KEELS,  insulated  rocks  in  southern 
vicinity  of  Fair  Isle,  Shetland. 

KEEN,  lofty  headland  on  east  side  of 
Unst,  Shetland. 

KEEN(MOUNT), mountain, 3180  feet  high, 
at  sources  of  North  Esk  river,  on  mutual 
border  of  Forfarshire  and  Aberdeenshire. 

KEENY,  small  affluent<  of  North  Esk  in 
Lochlee  parish,  Forfarshire. 
KEESHORN.  See  Kishorn. 
KEIG,  parish  on  left  side  of  the  Don  in 
east  -  north  -  eastern  vicinity  of  Alford, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen.  Its  length  is  about  5|  miles ; 
its  greatest  breadth  4  miles  ;  its  area  8059 
acres.  Keal  property  in  1880-81,  £4431. 
Pop.  776.  The  surface  is  an  assemblage 
of  haugh,  slope,  arable  acclivity,  and  high 
pastoral  upland.  A  prominent  feature  is 
Lord  Forbes'  seat  of  Castle  Forbes  ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  parts  of  two  remark- 
able Caledonian  stone  circles.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  There  are  2 
schools  for  170  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
for  70  is  new. 

KEIL,  estate,  with  modern  mansion, 
ruined  ancient  church,  and  remarkable 


caverns,  at  southern  extremity  of  Kintyre, 
Argyleshire. 

KEIL,  burn  in  Largo  parish,  Fife. 

KEILLER'S  BRAE,  place,  with  factories, 
in  Alloa  parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

KEILLOR,  estate  in  Fowlis  -  "Wester 
parish,  Perthshire. 

KEILLOR,  burn  in  Inverkeillor  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

KEILLOR  (HILL  OF),  village  in  Newtyle 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

KEILLS,  hamlet  and  promontory  be- 
tween Loch  Swin  and  Sound  of  Jura, 
Argyleshire.  The  hamlet  has  a  post  office 
under  Lochgilphead,  communicates  by 
ferry  with  Lagg  in  Jura,  and  is  near  an 
ancient  cross  and  ruined  ancient  chapel. 

KEILOUR,  burn,  running  south-eastward 
to  the  Eden  at  3  miles  west-south-west  of 
Cupar,  Fife. 

KEILS,  glen,  striking  westward  from 
Largo  Law,  in  Largo  parish,  Fife. 

KEIR,  parish,  with  church  1\  miles 
south-west  of  Thornhill,  Dumfriesshire. 
Its  post  town  is  Thornhill.  Its  length  is 
6^  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  2^  miles ; 
its  area  7806  acres.  Peal  property  in 
1880-81,  £6528.  Pop.  745.  The  surface 
extends  from  vicinity  of  Penpont  to  vicinity 
of  Auldgirth  Bridge  ;  is  bounded  on  the 
west  by  a  lofty  hill  watershed  ;  consists 
mostly .  of  slopes  from  that  watershed  to 
the  Scarr  and  the  Nith  ;  includes  ravines 
down  that  slope  and  southward  heights  of 
Kilbride  and  Blackwood ;  and,  as  seen 
from  vantage  -  grounds  eastward  of  the 
Nith,  presents  a  beautiful  appearance. 
The  seats  are  Barjarg,  Capenoch,  and 
Blackwood ;  and  the  antiquities  are  a 
standing  stone  and  site  of  ancient  chapel. 
There  are  2  public  schools  with  about  115 
scholars. 

KEIR,  seat  in  Lecropt  parish,  Perthshire. 

KEIR,  each  of  five  small  heights,  with 
traces  of  ancient  military  works,  in  Kip- 
pen  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

KEIR,  hill,  with  site  of  ancient  watch- 
tower,  in  Skene  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

KEIR,  conical  hill,  with  remains  of 
ancient  camp,  in  Dolphinton  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

KEIR,  hill,  with  remains  of  ancient  for- 
tification, in  Gargunnock  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

KEIRHEAD,  eminence,  seemingly  ancient 
military  post,  in  Port-of-Monteith  parish, 
Perthshire. 

KEIRY  CRAGS,  romantic  spot,  described 
in  Sir  "Walter  Scott's  Abbot,  in  Cleish 
parish,  Kinross-shire. 

KEISGAG,  bay,  3  miles  south  of  Cape 
Wrath,  Sutherland. 

KEISS,  village  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
on  east  coast  of  Caithness.  The  village 
stands  9  miles  north  of  Wick,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Wick,  Established, 
Free,  and  Baptist  churches,  and  a  public 
school  witli  about  160  scholars.  Pop. 
672.  Keiss  Castle  and  Keiss  House 
are  in  the  vicinity,  the  former  a  ruined 


KEI 


251 


KEL 


ancient  fortalice ;  the  latter  a  modern 
mansion  adjoined  to  a  tower  of  1757. 
Pop.  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  1348. 

KEITH,  town  in  Banffshire,  and  parish 
partly  also  in  Elginshire.  The  town  stands 
on  the  river  Isla,  13  miles  by  railway 
north-west  of  Huntly;  dates  partly  from 
at  least  14th  century,  partly  from  middle 
of  18th ;  consists  of  three  parts,  Old 
Keith,  New  Keith,  and  Fife  Keith ;  pre- 
sents for  the  most  part  a  well-constructed, 
pleasant  appearance  ;  was  desiderated  at 
end  of  1880  to  have  a  branch  railway  from 
the  Great  North  of  Scotland  to  Buckie  ; 
and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments, a  railway  station,  4  banking  offices, 
a  town  hall,  waterworks  of  1879,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Epis- 
copalian, and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  632 
scholars.  Pop.  4339. — The  parish  con- 
tains Newmills  village ;  measures  about  6 
miles  in  both  length  and  breadth  ;  and  ■ 
comprises  16,315  acres  in  Banffshire,  and 
1880  in  Elginshire.  Peal  property  in 
1880-81,  £19,513  and  £1119.  Pop.  4732 
and  233.  The  tract  along  the  Isla  is 
rich  corn  land,  but  other  tracts  have  not  a 
very  inviting  aspect.  A  fine  cascade,  called 
Linn  of  Keith,  is  on  the  Isla,  near  Old 
Keith.  The  only  mansion  is  Edintore  ;  and 
the  antiquities  are  a  ruined  castle  and 
several  Caledonian  stone  circles.  There 
are  10  schools  for  1219  scholars,  and  5  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  517  are  new. 

KEITH,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Humbie,  Haddingtonshire.'  Keith  House 
in  it  was  once  a  large  elegant  seat  of 
the  Earls  Marischal ;  and  a  ruined  Roman 
Catholic  chapel,  with  cemetery,  stands  in 
front. 

KEITH,  cataract  and  pool  on  Ericht 
river,  near  Blairgowrie,  Perthshire. 

KEITHHALL,  parish  adjacent  to  east 
side  of  Inverury,  Aberdeenshire.  Its 
length  is  about  5|  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  5  miles ;  its  area  7601 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8625. 
Pop.  880.  The  surface  is  bounded  on 
the  west  by  rivers  Ury  and  Don  ;  includes 
about  5000  acres  of  arable  land  and  several 
extensive  mosses ;  and  rises  into  hilly 
heights.  Keithhall  House,  a  splendid 
edifice,  is  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Kintore. 
Caledonian  antiquities  were  once  nume- 
rous, but  have  mostly  disappeared.  The 
church  contains  600  sittings,  and  the 
public  school  is  new,  and  has  capacity 
for  142  scholars. 

KEITHICK,  seat  near  Burrelton,  Perth- 
shire. 

KEITHINCH,  small  island  adjacent  to 
Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire. 

KEITHNIE,  affluent  of  the  Deveron  in 
Inverkeithnie  parish,  Banffshire. 

KEITHTOWN,  village  in  Fodderty  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

KELBURN,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Glas- 
gow, 1^  mile  south-south-east  of  Largs, 
Ayrshire. 


KELHEAD,  village  and  lime-works  in 
Cummertrees  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

KELLAS,  hamlet  in  Murroes  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

KELLIE,  hill,  farmhouse,  and  colliery 
in  Carnbee  parish,  Fife.  The  farmhouse 
was  once  an  elegant  seat  of  the  Earls  of 
Mar. 

KELLO,  rivulet,  running  about  7  miles 
eastward  to  the  Nith,  at  2f-  miles  north- 
west of  Sanquhar,  Dumfriesshire. 

KELLOCK,  affluent  of  the  Ury,  in 
upper  part  of  Garioch  district,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

KELLOE,  seat  in  Edrom  parish,  Berwick- 
shire. 

KELLS,  parish,  containing  New  Gallo- 
way post  town,  in  Kirkcudbrightshire. 
Its  length  is  fully  16  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  9  miles;  its  area  48,581 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,359. 
Pop.  970.  The  surface  is  bounded,  down 
to  the  point  of  confluence,  by  the  rivers 
Ken  and  Dee ;  includes  much  fertile  low 
land  and  exquisite  scenery  along  the  Ken  ; 
rises  thence  westward  and  north-westward 
in  congeries  of  hill  and  mountain ;  cul- 
minates on  Rhinns  of  Kells  at  an  altitude 
of  2650  feet  above  sea-level ;  and  contains 
several  attractive  trouting  lakes.  The 
seats  are  Ken  mure  Castle,  Glenlee  Park, 
Knocknalling,  and  Garroch ;  and  an  in- 
teresting object  is  a  granite  monument 
to  the  Covenanter  martyr  Adam  Mac- 
quwan.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian. 
The  public  school  has  about  103 
scholars. 

KELLY,  burn,  traversing  deep  ravine 
to  Firth  of  Clyde  at  2J  miles  south  of 
Innerkip,  Renfrewshire.  Kelly  House 
stands  adjacent  to  it ;  and  a  fantastic 
old  song,  altered  by  Burns,  celebrates  it. 

KELLY,  burn,  running  to  the  Devon 
at  boundary  between  Perthshire  and 
Clackmannanshire. 

KELLY,  burn,  entering  the  Ythan  in 
Methlick  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

KELLY,  seat  and  ancient  castle  in 
Arbirlot  parish,  Forfarshire. 

KELLYHEAD,  hill-range  in  Newlands 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

KELLYLAW,  hill,  500  feet  high,  in 
Carnbee  parish,  Fife. 

KELSO,  town  and  parish  in  Roxburgh- 
shire. The  town  stands  on  the  Tweed, 
opposite  influx  of  the  Teviot,  42  miles  by 
road,  but  52^  by  railway,  south-east-by- 
east  of  Edinburgh ;  succeeded  an  ancient 
village  on  ground  now  within  Floors  Park, 
and  suburban  to  old  Roxburgh  ;  arose  after 
destruction  of  that  famous  old  town  in 
1460 ;  became  a  seat  of  Border  power,  a 
resort  of  kings  and  nobles,  a  place  of 
international  negotiation,  and  an  object 
of  great  mark  for  both  defensive  and 
offensive  armies  ;  underwent  frequent 
desolation  and  renovation,  with  result  of 
becoming  a  more  handsome  town  than 
any  other  in  either  the  south  of  Scotland 


KEL 


252 


KEL 


or  the  north  of  England ;  enjoys  the 
luxury  of  exquisitely  beautiful  environs, 
with  charming  views  all  round  to  distant 
horizon  ;  adjoins  a  public  park,  with  fine 
entrance  gateway ;  includes  a  spacious  cen- 
tral square,  four  well-built  streets  diverg- 
ing thence,  two  smaller  squares,  a  terraced 
thoroughfare,  and  several  minor  streets ; 
controls  trade,  intelligence,  and  fashion 
over  a  wide  surrounding  country ;  pub- 
lishes 3  weekly  newspapers ;  communi- 
cates with  railway  station  of  its  own 
name  on  opposite  bank  of  the  Tweed ; 
was  proposed  in  1881  to  have  a  railway 
from  a  station  within  itself  through  Nor- 
thumberland to  Newcastle-on-Tyne ;  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments, 5  banking  offices,  several  hotels,  a 
town  hall  with  portico  and  cupola,  a  corn 
exchange  of  1856,  an  elegant  five-arched 
bridge  of  1803,  2  Established  churches, 
2  Free  churches,  2  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  Evangelical  Union,  Baptist, 
Episcopalian,  and  Koman  Catholic 
churches,  the  ruined  church  of  an  ancient 
abbey,  a  large  library,  a  large  museum,  a 
high  education  school  of  1878,  and  a  large 
public  primary  school.  The  Abbey  church 
was  founded  in  1128 ;  had  the  form  of  a 
Latin  cross,  with  the  head  to  the  west ; 
was  ruined  by  an  English  army  in  1545 ; 
comprises  now  most  of  the  west  end, 
most  of  the  transept,  two  sides  of  the 
central  tower,  and  a  fragment  of  the 
choir ;  and  exhibits  interesting  features 
of  late  Saxon  or  early  Norman  archi- 
tecture. Pop.  of  the  town,  4687.— The 
parish  contains  also  the  suburban  village 
of  Maxwellheugh,  measures  4f  miles  by 
4£,  and  comprises  5384  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £34,022.  Pop. ,  quoad 
civilia,  5235  ;  quoad  sacra,  2782.  The 
surface  is  bisected  by  the  Tweed ;  in- 
cludes a  peninsula  between  the  Tweed 
and  the  Teviot ;  and,  as  seen  from  heights 
at  some  distance,  appears  to  be  part  of  a 
rich  extensive  strath,  but,  as  seen  from 
vantage-grounds  immediately  overlooking 
it,  '  presents  the  appearance  of  an  amphi- 
theatre, diversified  in  outlines,  intersected 
by  two  broad  noble  rivers,  and  having  for 
its  boundary  a  circle  of  wooded  heights.' 
The  chief  mansion  is  the  Duke  of  Rox- 
burghe's  seat  of  Floors  Castle ;  other 
residences  are  Springwood  Park,  Wooden, 
Sydenham,  Pinnaclehill,  Edenbank,  Rose- 
bank,  Tweedbank,  Edenside,  Ednam 
House,  Broomlands,  Walton,  and  Wood- 
side  ;  and  a  spot  of  note  is  the  site  of 
the  ancient  church  of  St.  James. 

KELSO  (NORTH),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  church  in  Kelso,  Roxburghshire. 
Pop.  2453. 

KELTIE,  rivulet,  rising  in  Stuick-a-chroin 
Mountain,  and  running  about  8  miles 
south-south-eastward  to  the  Teith  at  1\ 
miles  east-south-east  of  Callander,  Perth- 
shire. It  traverses  a  rocky  gorge,  descends 
in  rushing  current,  and  makes  at  Bracklin 
a  remarkable  cascade. 


KELTIE,  burn,  running  7  miles  eastward 
to  the  Ore  at  6  miles  south-east  of 
Kinross. 

KELTIE,  village  on  Keltie  burn,  5  miles 
south-south-east  of  Kinross.  It  has  a 
railway  station  and  a  Free  church,  and  is 
near  a  colliery.    Pop.  349. 

KELTNIE,  rivulet  running  south-east- 
ward to  the  Lyon,  near  that  river's  con- 
fluence with  the  Tay,  Perthshire.  It 
traverses  wild  romantic  scenery,  and 
makes  near  Cosheville  a  series  of  fine 
cascades. 

KELTON,  parish,  containing  Rhonehouse, 
Gelston,  and  Keltonhill  villages,  and  most 
of  Castle-Douglas  town,  in  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. Its  length  is  6^  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  5|  miles  ;  its  area  11,222  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £20,145.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  3458 ;  quoad  sacra,  766. 
The  surface  is  mostly  a  ridge  flanking 
west  side  of  Dee  river,  abounds  in  coni- 
cal hillocks,  and  rises  in  the  south  to 
hills  of  more  than  1000  feet  high.  An 
interesting  feature  is  Carlinwark  Loch. 
The  seats  are  Carlinwark,  Gelston,  and 
Dalwan;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are 
remains  of  Caledonian  hill  forts,  and  of  a 
Caledonian  stone  circle.  The  parochial 
church  is  at  Keltonhill,  and  6  places  of 
worship  are  in  Castle-Douglas.  There  are 
6  schools  for  690  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  300  are  new. 

KELTON,  small  port  on  the  Nith,  3J 
miles  south  of  Dumfries. 

KELTONHILL,  village,  2|  miles  south  of 
Castle-Douglas,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Castle-Douglas,  and 
a  parochial  church. 

KELTY.    See  Keltie. 

KELVIN,  river,  rising  3  miles  east  of 
Kilsyth,  and  running  14  miles  west-south- 
westward  to  the  Clyde  at  west  end  of 
Glasgow. 

KELVINGROVE,  suburb  adjoining  and 
comprising  West  End  Park,  on  Kelvin 
river,  Glasgow.  Kelvingrove  United  Pres- 
byterian church  was  erected  in  1880,  at  a 
cost  of  about  £15,000 ;  and  Kelvingrove 
Museum  is  in  the  park,  and  has  been 
noticed  in  our  article  on  Glasgow. 

KELVINHAUGH,  suburb,  with  ship- 
building yards  and  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church,  at  foot  of  north  side  of  Glasgow 
harbour.  Pop.  1914. 
m  KELVINHEAD,  seat  near  source  of  Kelvin 
river,  Stirlingshire. 

KELVINSIDE,  part  of  Hillhead  suburb, 
Glasgow.    It  has  a  handsome  Free  church. 

KELVIN  VALLEY  RAILWAY,  railway 
from  junction  with  Helensburgh  branch  of 
North  British  system  near  Maryhill,  up 
valley  of  the  Kelvin,  to  terminus  at 
Kilsyth.  It  crosses  the  Kelvin  a  little 
north  of  Maryhill ;  passes  near  Summers- 
ton,  Balmore,  Torrance,  and  Birdston 
villages ;  crosses  Campsie  railway  and 
Glazert  rivulet  about  \  mile  north  of 
Kirkintilloch  ;  sends  off  a  loop  to  Campsie 
railway  at  a  point  near  Kirkintilloch  ;  and 


KEM 


253 


KEN 


proceeds  by  Gavell  station  to  Kilsyth. 
It  is  about  12  miles  long,  and  it  was 
formed  in  1S73-78  at  a  cost  of  about 
£120,000. 

KEM.    See  Kame. 

KEMBACK,  parish,  containing  Blebo  and 
Kemback  villages,  in  eastern  vicinity  of 
Cupar,  Fife.  Its  post  town  is  Cupar.  Its 
length  is  nearly  3  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  2£  miles ;  its  area  2594  acres. 
Keal  property  in  1880-81,  £6516.  Pop. 
853.  The  surface  is  chiefly  a  hill-ridge, 
intersected  by  Dura  den,  and  culminating 
at  a  height  of  584  feet  above  sea-level. 
The  chief  residence  is  Kemback  House. 
The  public  school  is  new,  and  has 
capacity  for  200  scholars. 

KEMBACK-MILLS,  village,  with  mills, 
on  Kame  rivulet,  in  Kemback  parish, 
Fife. 

KEMNAY,  village  and  parish  in  Garioch 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village  stands 
near  the  Don,  4  miles  west  of  Kintore,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Aberdeen, 
and  a  railway  station.  Pop.  432. — The 
parish  measures  about  5  miles  by  3,  and 
comprises  5110  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £4654.  Pop.  1636.  The  surface 
includes  rich  haughs  on  the  Don,  and  is 
prevailingly  low.  Kemnay  House  is  the 
chief  residence ;  and  a  standing  stone  and 
a  kistvaen  are  chief  antiquities.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free,  and 
the  former  is  recent  and  elegant.  The 
public  school  is  mostly  new,  has  capacity 
for  231  scholars,  and  is  of  high  note. 

KEMP,  ruined  ancient  fort  on  Turin 
Hill,  in  Rescobie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

KEMPE,  quondam  moated  mound  in 
Renfrew  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

KEMPLAW,  place,  with  ruined  vitrified 
fort,  in  Dundonald  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KEMPOCK,  small  headland  and  part  of 
Gourock  town,  at  west  side  of  Gourock 
Bay,  Renfrewshire. 

KEMPSTONE,  hill  in  Fetteresso  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

KEMYSHALL,  estate  in  Kirkmahoe 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

KEN,  river  and  lake  in  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. The  river  rises  at  boundary  with 
Ayrshire,  and  runs  about  21  miles  prevail- 
ingly southward,  but  describing  segment 
of  a  circle,  to  confluence  with  the  Dee  at 
8  miles  north-north-west  of  Castle-Douglas. 
The  lake  is  an  expansion  of  the  river,  5^ 
miles  long,  to  vicinity  of  confluence  with 
the  Dee,  but  is  narrow  and  sprinkled  with 
wooded  islets. 

KENLOCH.    See  Kinloch. 
KENLY,  or  PITMILLY,  rivulet,  running 
about  8  miles  east-north-eastward  to  the 
sea,  at  4f  miles  east  -  south  -  east  of  St. 
Andrews,  Fife. 

KENMORE,  village  and  parish  in  Bread- 
albane  district,  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  at  efflux  of  river  Tay  from  Loch 
Tay,  6  miles  west-south-west  of  Aberfeldy  ; 
is  a  neat  small  place,  with  picturesque 


environs,  described  in  well-known  lines  of 
the  poet  Burns  ;  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Aberfeldy,  a  five-arched  bridge,  a 
hotel,  and  Established  and  Free  churches. 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  hamlets  of 
Acharn,  Bridgend,  Blairmore,  Lawers,  and 
Sronfernan ;  comprises  a  main  body  and 
two  detached  sections ;  measures,  across 
intersecting  lands,  about  20  miles  in 
length  and  7  miles  in  greatest  breadth ; 
and  comprises  67,196  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £12,211.  Pop.  1508.  The 
surface  comprises  very  little  low  land ; 
embraces  most  part  of  Loch  Tay  ;  includes 
most  of  both  flanks  of  that  lake,  together 
with  tracts  in  Glenlochy  and  Glenqueich  ; 
and  culminates,  on  north  side  of  Loch  Tay, 
in  the  summit  of  Benlawers.  A  chief 
object  is  the  Earl  of  Breadalbane's  magni- 
ficent seat  of  Taymouth  Castle  ;  another 
seat  is  Shian  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
Finlarig  ruined  castle,  on  upper  part  of 
Loch  Tay,  and  ruins  of  an  ancient  priory 
on  an  islet  near  the  lake's  foot.  Free 
churches  are  at  Ardeonaigand  Lawers,  and 
public  schools  are  at  Acharn,  Lawers, 
Ardtalnaig,  Kiltyrie,  Glenlochy,  and 
Fearnan. 

KENMORE,  village  and  headland  in 
Inverary  parish,  Argyle shire. 

KENMUIR,  acclivity,  with  delightful 
view,  on  the  Clyde,  near  Carmyle,  Lanark- 
shire. 

KENMURE,  hill,  crowned  with  temple, 
in  background  of  Castle  Semple  lake,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

KENMURE,  castellated  mansion,  for- 
merly seat  of  Viscounts  Kenmure,  at  head 
of  Loch  Ken,  near  New  Galloway,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. The  title  Viscount  Ken- 
mure  was  given  to  the  Gordons  in  1633, 
and  became  dormant  in  1847. 

KENNAVARAH,  headland  at  south-west 
of  Tyree  Island,  Argyleshire. 

KENNET,  village,  seat,  and  collieries  in 
Clackmannan  parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

KENNETHMONT,  hamlet  and  parish  in 
Garioch  district,  Aberdeenshire.  The 
hamlet  lies  8  miles  south-south-east  of 
Huntly,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  designated  of  Aber- 
deenshire, and  a  railway  station.  The 
parish  measures  about  6  miles  by  3,  and 
comprises  8468  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £5910.^  Pop.  999.  The  surface 
is  much  diversified,  and  includes  two  or 
three  considerable  eminences,  but  is  not 
hilly.  The  only  seat  is  Leith  Hall,  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  two 
Caledonian  stone  circles.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  The  public 
school  is  new,  and  has  capacity  for  156 
scholars. 

KENNETPANS,    small  seaport  village 
and  seat  in  Clackmannan  parish,  Clack - 
j  mannanshire. 

KENNISHEAD,  railway  station,  1£  mile 
south-west    of    Pollockshaws,  Renfrew- 
i  shire. 

j      KENNOWAY,  village  and  parish  in  south 


KEN 


254 


KET 


of  Fife.  The  village  stands  2J  miles  west- 
north-west  of  Leven,  and  has  a  post  office 
tinder  Windygates,  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  large 
public  school.  Pop.  770. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Star  and  Baneton  villages ; 
measures  about  3  miles  by  2J ;  and  comprises 
3965  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £9392. 
Pop.  1560.  The  surface  is  a  finely  diversified 
slope,  declining  to  the  south,  and  com- 
manding delightful  views.  The  seats  are 
Auchtermairnie,  Kingsdale,  and  Newton. 
There  are  2  schools  with  capacity  for  328 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  is  partly  new. 

KENNOX,  seat  in  Stewarton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

KENNOX,  burn  in  Douglas  parish,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

KENNY  (LOUPS  OF),  series  of  cascades 
on  Melgum  rivulet,  in  Kingoldrum  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

KENRIVE,  hill,  1262  feet  high,  with 
traces  of  ancient  large  castle,  and  with 
excellent  sandstone  quarry,  in  Kilmuir- 
Easter  parish,  Ross-shire. 

KENSALEYRE,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Snizort  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

KENTAILEN,  well-sheltered  small  bay 
on  north  coast  of  Appin,  Argyleshire. 

KENTURE,  small  bay  on  south-east  coast 
of  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

KEOLDALE,  small  sea-loch,  with  precipi- 
tous screens,  on  north  coast  of  Durness 
parish,  Sutherland. 

KEPP,  hamlet  in  Kippen  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

KEPPING,  burn  in  Largs  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

KEPPLEHILLS,  hamlet  in  Newhills 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  82  scholars. 

KEPPOCH,  seat  in  Cardross  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

KEPPOCH,  scene  of  sanguinary  battle, 
the  last  feudal  one  of  Scottish  clans,  in 
centre .  of  Kilmanivaig  parish,  Inverness- 
shire. 

KEPTY,  terminal  height  of  gravel  ridge 
in  St.  Vigeans  parish,  Forfarshire. 

KERBET,  affluent  of  Dean  river  in 
Glammis  parish,  Forfarshire. 

KERFIELD,  seat  in  eastern  vicinity  of 
Peebles. 

KERILAW,  ruined  ancient  castle  of 
Earls  of  Glen  cairn,  and  modern  mansion, 
in  Stevenston  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KERLOAK,  mountain-spur  of  Grampians 
across  northern  part  of  Kincardineshire, 
from  vicinity  of  Mount  Battock  to  the 
coast  a  little  south  of  Aberdeen.  Its  sum- 
mit is  1747  feet  high. 

KERMANEARN,  summit,  1245  feet  high, 
4  miles  south-east  of  Kerloak  summit, 
Kincardineshire. 

KERNADORT,  strong  chalybeate  spring 
in  Kells  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KERN1GERG,  two  islets,  united  at  low- 
water,  between  Tyree  and  Coll,  Argyle- 
shire. 

KERRAGARROW,   headland  on  north 


side  of  mouth  of  Loch  Laxford,  Suther- 
land. 

KERRERA,  hilly  rugged  island  in  front 
of  Oban,  sheltering  that  town's  harbour, 
in  Argyleshire.  It  extends  3^  miles  south- 
south-westward,  with  a  breadth  of  nearly 
2  miles ;  is  separated  from  the  mainland 
by  only  a  narrow  strait ;  terminates  at 
south  end  in  bold  promontory  crowned 
by  Gylen  Castle ;  has  exactly  opposite 
Oban  a  small  bay,  designed  in  1880  to  be 
provided  with  a  pier,  and  lined  with  villas 
or  a  village ;  was  the  death-place  of 
Alexander  II.  when  collecting  his  fleet  at 
it  for  expedition  against  the  Hebrides; 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Oban.  Pop. 
103. 

KERRYCROY,  village  on  Scoulag  Bay, 
2J  miles  south-south-east  of  Rothesay, 
Isle  of  Bute.    It  has  a  public  school. 

KERSE,  seat  of  Earl  of  Zetland,  near 
Grangemouth,  Stirlingshire. 

KERSE,  lake  in  Dalrymple  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

KERSHOPE,  hill,  once  crowned  with 
monumental  cross,  9  miles  west-south- 
west of  Selkirk. 

KERSHOPE,  rivulet,  running  8  miles 
south-westward,  along  boundary  between 
Scotland  and  England,  to  the  Liddel,  in 
vicinity  of  Kershope-Foot  railway  station, 
2f  miles  south  of  Newcastleton  village, 
Roxburghshire. 

KERSLAND,  estate,  with  chapel-of-ease, 
seat,  and  fragments  of  ancient  castle,  in 
Dairy  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KERWIC,  small  bay,  with  insulated 
stacks  resembling  Gothic  pillars,  near 
Cape  Wrath,  Sutherland. 

KESSOCK,  ferry  station  on  strait  be- 
tween Moray  Firth  and  Loch  Beauly, 
adjacent  to  Inverness.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Inverness,  and  an  inn. 

KET,  stream,  running  about  6  miles  to 
the  sea  at  Port-Yarrock,  in  Whithorn 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

KETOCHY,  streamlet  running  through 
Dunkeld,  Perthshire. 

KETTINS,  village  and  parish  on  south- 
west border  of  Forfarshire.  The  village 
stands  about  a  mile  south-east  of  Coupar- 
Angus,  and  has  a  post  office  under  that 
town,  a  parochial  church,  and  a  public 
school. — The  parish  contains  four  other 
small  villages,  measures  about  4  miles  by  3, 
and  comprises  7796  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £13,001.  Pop.  903.  The  east- 
ern section  is  part  of  Sidlaw  Hills,  and  the 
rest  is  a  fertile  nearly  level  part  of  Strath- 
more.  The  seats  are  Hallyburton,  New- 
hall,  Lintrose,  Bandirran,  and  Baldowrie  ; 
the  antiquities  are  a  Scandinavian  stand- 
ing stone,  outlines  of  a  Roman  camp,  and 
sites  of  Dores  Castle  and  Caledonian  cairns; 
and  an  interesting  object  is  a  paved  artifi- 
cial cave.  The  public  school  is  new,  and 
has  capacity  for  130  scholars. 

KETTLE,  village  and  parish  in  centre  of 
Fife.  The  village  stands  adjacent  to 
Kingskettle  railway  station,  6  J  miles  south- 


KET 


255 


KIL 


west  of  Cupar,  and  lias  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Ladybank,  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  large 
public  school.  Pop.  542. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Kettle -Bridge,  Holekettle,  Coal- 
ton,  Muirhead,  Myreside,  Balmalcolm,  and 
Bankton-Park  villages;  measures  about  6 
miles  by  nearly  3 ;  and  comprises  7612 
acres.  Heal  property  in  1880-81,  £13,879. 
Pop.  2057.  The  Eden  runs  about  3  miles 
along  the  northern  boundary.  The  lands 
adjacent  to  that  stream  are  low  and  flat,  and 
those  in  the  east  include  part  of  the  hill-flank 
of  Stratheden.  Coal,  limestone,  and  sand- 
stone are  worked.  There  are  6  mansions, 
2  ruined  circumvallations,  and  8  barrows. 

KETTLE-BRIDGE,  village  in  Kettle  par- 
ish, Fife.    Pop.  340. 

KETTLEHOLM,  place,  with  bridge,  on 
Milk  rivulet,  in  St.  Mungo  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

KETTLETOFT,  bay,  with  good  natural 
harbour,  on  south-east  side  of  Sanday 
Island,  Orkney. 

KEVOCH,  burn  in  Eaglesham  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

KEYGILL,  wild  glen  in  Wandell  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

KIDLAW,  place,  with  lime  quarry,  in 
Yester  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

KIEL,  burn,  funning  to  the  Forth,  in 
Largo  parish,  Fife. 

KIEL,  ruined  ancient  church,  with  ceme- 
tery, in  lower  end  of  Ardchattan  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

KIER.    See  Keie. 

KIERFIOLD,  low  sandy  hill  in  Sandwick 
parish,  Orkney. 

KIGGEND,  village  in  New  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

KILARROW.    See  Killarrow. 

KILBAGIE,  seat  and  distillery  in  Clack- 
mannan parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

KILBARCHAN,  town  and  parish  in  cen- 
tre of  Renfrewshire.  The  town  stands  lh 
mile  west  of  Milliken-Park  railway  station, 
and  5§-  miles  west-by-south  of  Paisley ;  is 
an  ancient  place,  now  largely  maintained 
by  textile  manufacture  ;  figures  notably  in 
connection  with  the  famous  piper  Habbie 
Simpson ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Johnstone,  a  bank- 
ing office,  Established  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  and  a  large  public  school. 
Pop.  2548.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Clippens-Square  and  Linwood  villages,  and 
part  of  Bridge  of  Weir  town  ;  measures 
about  7  miles  by  4 ;  and  comprises  9006 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £41,071. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  6868 ;  quoad  sacra, 
4363.  The  north-eastern  section,  penin- 
sulated  by  the  Gryfe  and  the  Black  Cart, 
is  low  and  flat ;  the  middle  section  is 
diversified  by  many  rising-grounds ;  and 
the  south-western  section  rises  into  con- 
siderable hills.  The  seats  are  Milliken, 
Blackstone,  Glentyan,  Craigends,  and 
Clippens  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  ruins 
of  Ranfurly  Castle,  remains  of  a  semi- 


circular camp,  and  sites  of  several  mediaeval 
chapels.  A  Free  church  is  at  Bridge  of 
"Weir.  There  are  5  schools  for  897  scholars, 
and  2  of  them  for  600  are  new. 

KILBAY,  headland  on  south-east  coast 
of  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

KILBERRY,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Kilcalmonell,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Greenock,  and  a  public 
school. 

KILBIRNIE,  town  and  parish  in  north- 
west of  Cunningham,  Ayrshire.  The  town 
stands  on  Garnock  river,  2f  miles  north- 
by-east  of  Dairy ;  was  only  a  small  hamlet 
near  end  of  last  century ;  acquired  size 
and  prosperity  as  a  seat  of  manufacture ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Ayrshire,  2  banking  offices,  a  hotel,  an 
Established  church,  2  Free  churches,  a 
Roman  Catholic  church,  and  2  public 
schools.  Pop.  3405. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  part  of  Glengarnock  town, 
measures  about  7J  miles  by  4,  and  com- 
prises 10,335  acres.     Real  property  in 

1879-  80,  £18,833.  Pop.  5243.  Kilbirnie 
loch,  1J  mile  long,  lies  on  the  eastern 
boundary.  About  one -fourth  of  the 
parochial  area  adjacent  to  that  lake  and 
the  Garnock  is  low  fertile  land;  about  a 
third  north-westward  thence  is  a  gentle 
ascent,  capable  of  culture  ;  and  the  rest  is 
wild  pastoral  upland.  Coal,  ironstone, 
and  limestone  are  largely  worked.  Chief 
seats  are  Kilbirnie  House  and  Ladyland; 
and  a  chief  antiquity  is  Kilbirnie  Castle, 
the  roofless  ruined  seat  of  Viscount  Gar- 
nock. A  United  Presbyterian  church  is 
in  Glengarnock.  There  are  4  schools  for 
1049  scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  an 
enlargement  for  580  are  new. 

KILBLANE,  place,  with  site  of  ancient 
church,  in  Kirkmahoe  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

KILBLANE,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Southend,  in  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

KILBLANE,  burn  in  Inverary  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

KILBRACHMONT,  eminence,  with  mag- 
nificent view,  in  Kilconquhar  parish,  Fife. 

KILBRANDON,  parish,  comprising  part 
of  Nether  Lorn  mainland  and  Easdale, 
Luing,  Seil,  Shuna,  Torsay,  and  Iniscapel, 
inhabited  islands  in  Argyleshire.  It  con- 
tains the  post  office  village  of  Easdale  and 
the  villages  of  Colipole  and  Toberonochy. 
Its  extent  on  mainland  is  4  miles  by  2 ; 
inclusive  of  islands  and  intersecting  sea- 
belts,  is  10  miles  by  6.    Real  property  in 

1880-  81,  £7346.  _  Pop.  1746.  The  main- 
land portion  consists  chiefly  of  hill  pasture ; 
the  islands  are  separately  noticed ;  and  no 
part  in  either  mainland  or  islands  is  higher 
than  from  600  to  800  feet  above  sea-level. 
The  mansions  are  Ardmaddy  and  Ardin- 
caple,  the  former  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Breadalbane  ;  and  the  only  antiquities  are 
remains  of  old  forts.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free,  and  there  are  3 
public  schools. 


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256 


KIL 


KILBRANDON,  or  KILBRENNAN,  sound, 
21  miles  long,  and  from  4  to  8  miles  wide, 
separating  Arran  Island  from  Kintyre 
peninsula,  Firth  of  Clyde. 

KILBRIDE,  parish  comprising  Holy 
Island  and  most  of  east  side  of  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire.  It  contains  the  post 
office  hamlets  or  villages  of  Lochranza, 
Corrie,  Brodick,  and  Lamlash ;  and  it 
measures  about  20  miles  by  fully  4|,  and 
comprises  38,985  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £9392.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
2176;  quoad  sacra,  1160.  Chief 
features  are  Goatfell,  Glensannox,  Glen- 
rosa,  Glensherrig,  Glencloy,  Brodick, 
Lamlash,  Holy  Island,  and  Lochranza, 
and  have  been  separately  noticed.  The 
churches  are  2  Established,  2  Free,  and  1 
Congregational.  There  are  6  schools  for 
436  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  100  is  new. 

KILBRIDE,  parish,  containing  Oban  town 
and  Kerrera  island,  but  united  to  Kil- 
more,  Argyleshire.  See  Oban,  Kerrera, 
and  Kilmore. 

KILBRIDE,  ancient  chapelry,  now  part 
of  Kilbrandon  parish,  Argyleshire. 

KILBRIDE,  ancient  chapelry,  now  part 
of  Inverary  parish,  Argyleshire. 

KILBRIDE,  ancient  chapelry,  now  part 
of  Strath  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

KILBRIDE,  ancient  chapelry,  now  part 
of  Kirkmabreck  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KILBRIDE,  hill,  with  site  of  ancient 
chapel,  in  Keir  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

KILBRIDE,  small  bay  and  chapel-of-ease 
in  Kilfinan  parish,  Cowal,  Argyleshire. 

KILBRIDE,  place,  with  post  office  under 
Lochmaddy,  North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

KILBRIDE,  hamlet  in  Glassary  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

KILBRIDE  CASTLE,  seat  of  Sir  James 
Campbell,  Bart.,  2  miles  north-east  of 
Doune,  Perthshire. 

KILBRIDE  (EAST),  town  and  parish  on 
north-west  border  of  Lanarkshire.  The 
town  stands  7f  miles  by  road  south-south- 
east of  Glasgow,  is  an  old  place  with  poor 
appearance,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow,  a  terminal  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  212  scholars. 
Pop.  1118. — The  parish  contains  also 
Auldhouse,  Crossbill,  Jackton,  Braehead, 
Kittockside,  Nerston,  and  Maxwelltown 
villages  or  hamlets,  and  part  of  Busby 
town.  Its  length  is  nearly  10  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  5  miles  ;  its  area  22,760 
acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £38,708. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3975;  quoad  sacra, 
3226.  The  surface  rises  from  about  200 
to  about  1600  feet  above  sea-level ;  con- 
sists mostly  of  small  hills  on  gradually 
ascending  base  ;  and  includes  a  consider- 
able extent  of  moor.  Chief  seats  are 
Crossbasket,  Calderwood,  Torrance,  Lime- 
kilns, Kirktounholm,  Cleughern,  and  Law- 
muir  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  ruins  of 
Mains  Castle,  remains  of  Lickprivick 
Castle,  and  sites  of  two  forts  and  three  | 


cairns.  Free  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches  are  at  Busby.  There  are  4 
schools  for  519  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  130  are  new. 

KILBRIDE  (WEST),  town  on  coast  of 
Cunningham,  Ayrshire,  and  parish  in- 
cluding also  Little  Cumbray  Island,  Bute- 
shire. The  town  stands  £  mile  from  the 
shore,  and  4J  miles  north-west  of  Ardros- 
san  ;  is  an  old  place  with  poor  appearance  ; 
and  has  a  post  office  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Ayrshire,  a  railway  station,  a  banking 
office,  a  parochial  church,  a  Free  church  of 
1881,  a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and 
2  public  schools.  Pop.  1363. — The  parish, 
exclusive  of  Little  Cumbray  Island,  mea- 
sures about  6  miles  by  Sh,  and  comprises 
10,119  acres.  Beal  property  in  1879-80, 
£19,379.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2111 ;  quoad 
sacra,  2081.  The  coast  has  a  peninsular 
form,  includes  Portincross  promontory, 
is  elsewhere  low  and  shelving,  and 
measures  about  7  miles  in  extent.  The 
interior  rises  in  series  of  heights,  with  in- 
tersecting vales,  and  terminates  in  a  lofty 
ridge  on  the  eastern  border.  Fully  two- 
thirds  of  all  the  land  are  arable,  and  the 
rest  is  mostly  pastoral.  A  chief  residence 
is  Hunterston,  and  chief  antiquities  are 
ruins  of  Portincross  and  Law  castles,  re- 
mains of  a  Scandinavian  watch-tower, 
ruins  of  Southannan  mansion,  and  sites  of 
several  mediaeval  chapels.  There  are  2 
schools  for  370  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for 
250  is  new. 

KILBUCHO,  ancient  parish  annexed  to 
Broughton,  Peeblesshire.  It  adjoins 
Lanarkshire,  lies  near  Biggar,  is  tra- 
versed by  a  rivulet  of  its  own  name  to 
Biggar  "Water,  and  contains  Kilbucho 
House  and  Broughton  parochial  church. 

KILCADZOW,  village,  lime-works,  and 
hill  in  Carluke  parish,  Lanarkshire.  The 
village  has  a  public  school. 

KILCALMKILL,  estate,  with  mansion, 
fine  cascade,  and  ancient  cemetery,  in 
Clyne  parish,  Sutherland. 

KILCALMONELL,  parish,  comprising 
Kilcalmonell  -  proper,  in  Kintyre  and 
Kilberry,  in  Knapdale,  Argyleshire.  It 
contains  the  post  office  village  of  Clachan, 
several  fishing  hamlets,  and  most  of  the 
post  town  and  quoad  sacra  parish  of  Tar- 
bert. Its  length  is  about  18  miles;  its 
greatest  breadth  about  7  miles ;  its  area 
49,659  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£13,728.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2299.  The 
two  sections  are  separated  by  West  Loch 
Tarbert.  Kilcalmonell-proper  rises  from 
low  shores,  in  slopes  and  acclivities,  with 
intervening  vales,  to  a  lofty  hill-range. 
Kilberry  presents  a  bold  front  to  the 
Atlantic,  and  is  bisected  from  east  to 
west  by  a  hill-ridge  rising  gradually  to 
lofty  altitude.  Some  seats  are  Stonefield, 
Ardpatrick,  and  Kilberry  ;  and  chief  an- 
tiquities are  Tarbert  Castle,  Dunskeig 
forts,  and  numerous  cairns.  The  churches 
are  2  Established  and  2  Free.    There  are 


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257 


KIL 


4  schools  for  260  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  for  68  is  new. 

KILCHATTAN,  ancient  parish,  now  unit- 
ed to  Kilbrandon,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a 
public  school  with  about  38  scholars. 

KILCHATTAN-BAY,  village  and  bay,  6 
miles  south  of  Rothesay,  Isle  of  Bute. 
The  village  has  a  post  office  under  Bothesay. 
Pop.  343.  The  bay  has  a  half -moon  form, 
measures  about  mile  across  the  mouth, 
and  has  a  pier,  erected  in  1880.  Plans 
were  formed  in  1880  for  a  large  hotel, 
several  villas,  and  a  water  supply. 

KILCHENZIE,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Killean,  in  Kintyre,  Argyleshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Campbelton,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  50  scholars. 

KLLCHIARAN,  boat-harbour  in  Lismore 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

KILCHOAN,  hamlet  and  harbour  on 
south  coast  of  Ardnamurchan  peninsula, 
Argyleshire.  The  hamlet  has  a  public 
school  with  about  79  scholars. 

KILCHOMAN,  parish  comprising  south- 
western part  of  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 
It  contains  the  post  office  villages  of  Port- 
Charlotte  and  Portnahaven,  comprises  all 
the  peninsula  west  of  Lochindaal,  and 
includes  the  adjacent  islets.  Its  length 
is  14  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about 
6  miles.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81, 
£11,722.  Pop.,  quoad  civika,  2547;  quoad 
sacra,  1687.  Much  of  the  coast  is  bold 
and  precipitous,  and  much  of  the  interior 
is  either  mossy  flat  or  low  pastoral  hill. 
The  chief  residence  is  Sunderland  House  ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  a  finely  sculp- 
tured cross,  several  obelisks,  and  remains 
of  five  mediaeval  churches.  The  modern 
churches  are  Established  and  Free  for 
Kilchoman-proper,  and  Established  and 
Free  for  Portnahaven.  There  are  3 
public  schools,  with  aggregately  about 
337  scholars. 

KILCHRENAN,  parish,  comprising  Kil- 
chrenan-proper  and  Dalavich,  on  Loch 
Awe,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
designated  Kilchrenan,  Argyleshire ;  and 
it  stretches  along  both  sides  of  Loch  Awe, 
and  includes  Loch  Avich.  Its  length  is  15 
miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  10^  miles. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £5881.  Pop. 
504.  The  surface  ascends  gradually  on  each 
side  of  Loch  Awe  to  the  summit  of  a 
high  hill-range,  and  is  much  diversified 
with  heights  and  hollows.  The  seats 
are  Eridine  and  Sonachan  ;  and  the  an- 
tiquities are  ruins  on  islets  in  Loch 
Avich.  Places  of  worship  are  2  parochial 
churches  and  a  Free  Church  preaching- 
station.  There  are  3  schools  for  112 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  75  are  new. 

KILCHRIST,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Urray,  in  Eoss-shire.  Its  church,  in 
early  part  of  17th  century,  was  the  scene 
of  a  horrible  clan  tragedy,  known  as  the 
Eaid  of  Cilliechrist ;  and  its  burying- 
ground  was  recentlv,  or  is  still,  in  use. 

KILCHRIST,  site  of  ancient  church  in 
Strath  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 


KILCHURN,  ruined  noble  castle  on  east 
shore  of  Loch  Awe,  2\  miles  west-south- 
west of  Dalmally,  Argyleshire.  It  occupies 
the  site  of  a  fortalice  of  the  Macgregors  ; 
was  erected  in  times  from  early  part  of 
15th  century  till  1615  ;  was  inhabited  by 
the  Earls  of  Breadalbane  till  1740;  ex- 
hibits more  grandeur  than  any  other 
baronial  ruin  in  west  of  Scotland ;  and 
is  celebrated  in  well-known  lines  of 
Wordsworth. 

KLLCHUSLAND,  ancient  parish,  now 
part  of  Campbelton,  Argyleshire. 

KILCLERIN,  or  KISMULL,  strong  an- 
cient baronial  fortalice  on  coast  of  Earra 
Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

KILCOLMKILL,  old  seat  and  cascade  in 
Loth  parish,  Sutherland.  The  seat  occu- 
pies the  site  of  a  Culdee  cell. 

KILCOLUMKILL,  site  of  Culdee  estab- 
lishment in  Morvern  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

KILCONQUHAR,  village  and  parish  in 
south-east  of  Fife.  The  village  stands  4 
miles  east  of  Largo,  adjoins  a  beautiful 
lake  about  2  miles  in  circuit,  and  has  a 
post  office  designated  of  Fifeshire,  a  rail- 
way station,  a  large  handsome  parochial 
church  of  1821,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  133  scholars.  Pop.  about  290.— The 
parish  contains  also  the  villages  of  Colins- 
burgh,  Earlsferry,  Barnyards,  Williams- 
burgh,  and  Liberty.  Its  length  is  7  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  If  mile  ;  its  area 
6891  acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81, 
£17,489.  Pop.,  quoad  civil  ia,  2053;  quoad 
sacra,  1471.  The  surface  touches  Firth 
of  Forth  between  Elie  and  St.  Monance  ; 
extends  in  narrow  stripe  to  within  2^ 
miles  of  Ceres ;  exhibits  diversity  of  flat 
land,  gentle  ascent,  ravine,  and  hill ;  and 
commands  from  many  points  magnificent 
views.  The  seats  are  Kilconquhar  House, 
Balcarres,  Charleton,  Lathallan,  Falfield, 
and  Cairnie.  A  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  is  in  Largoward,  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  Is  in  Colinsburgh. 
Four  schools  are  in  the  parish,  and  have 
capacity  for  375  scholars. 

KILCOY,  estate,  with  ruined  old  castle, 
in  Killearnan  parish,  Boss-shire. 

KILCREGGAN,  town  on  south  coast  of 
Eoseneath  peninsula,  Dumbartonshire. 
It  stands  opposite  Gourock,  3^  miles  north- 
west of  Greenock  ;  took  its  name  from  an 
ancient  chapel  long  since  extinct ;  has 
nearly  all  been  built  since  1840  ;  is  a 
much  esteemed  summer  resort  and  water- 
ing-place ;  consists  chiefly  of  villas  and 
ornate  cottages  on  a  stripe  of  coast  up, 
wards  of  a  mile  long;  has  a  post  office- 
with  all  departments,  designated  of  Dum- 
bartonshire, a  steamboat  pier,  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  137  scholars  ; 
was  designed  in  1880  to  have  waterworks ; 
and,  together  with  Craigrownie  and  Cove, 
curving  round  to  Loch  Long,  forms  a 
police  burgh.  The  pop.  of  the  burgh  at 
census  of  1881    was  816 ;   but  in  the 

R 


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258 


KIL 


summer  months  was  probably  five  times 
more. 

KILCUMMAIG,  seat  on  south-east  side  of 
West  Loch  Tarbert,  Argyleshire. 

KILDA  (ST.),  or  HIRTA,  island  and 
three  adjacent  uninhabited  islets,  54  miles 
west-by-north  of  northern  extremity  of 
North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides.  The  island 
measures  about  3  miles  by  2  ;  has  only  one 
landing-place,  small  and  difficult ;  rises 
trom  the  ocean  in  cliffs  with  extreme  alti- 
tude of  about  1350  feet ;  is  inhabited  on 
lofty  ground  about  £  mile  from  the  shore  ; 
and  yields  its  inhabitants  a  scanty  and 
precarious  subsistence,  partly  by  feather- 
fathering  from  bir."  on  the  cliffs.  Pop. 
77. 

KILDALLOIG,  seat  of  Sir  Norman  M. 
A.  Campbell,  Bart.,  on  Campbelton  Bay, 
Kintyre,  Argyleshire.  q 

KILD ALTON,  parish  containing  Port- 
Ellen  post  office  village  in  Islay  Island, 
Argyleshire.  It  comprises  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  island  together  with 
adjacent  islets,  and  measures  about  22 
miles  by  7.  Peal  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,159.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2271 ;  quoad 
sacra,  2005.  The  coast  is  mostly  low  and 
rocky,  and  has  numerous  caves  and  fissures. 
The  interior  comprises  level  lands,  vales, 
and  a  hill-range  1157  feet  high,  and  is 
variously  arable,  pastoral,  and  waste. 
Chief  objects  are  a  modern  monumental 
tower  and  ruins  of  four  old  churches  and 
three  ancient  forts.  The  present  places 
«>f  worship  are  2  Established  and  1  Free. 
There  are  5  schools  for  578  scholars,  and 
"i  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for  360  are 
new. 

KILDARY,  railway  station,  5|  miles 
north-north-east  of-  Invergordon,  Ross- 
shire. 

KILD  A  VIE,  glen  in  Southend  parish, 
Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

KILDEAN,  quondam  historical  bridge  on 
the  Forth,  about  ^  mile  above  the  present 
Stirling  bridge. 

KILDONAN.  hamlet  and  parish  in  east 
of  Sutherland.  The  hamlet  lies  9^  miles 
west-north-west  of  Helmsdale,  and  has  a 
post  office  designated  of  Sutherlandshire,  a 
railway  station,  and  a  Free  Church  preach- 
ing-station. —  The  parish  contains  also 
Helmsdale  town,  and  measures  23  miles 
in  length  and  15  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 
Heal  property  in  1880-81,  £9091.  Pop. 
1935.  The  surface  consists  of  Helms- 
dale strath,  lateral  glens,  and  flanking 
mountains,  and  is  mostly  wild  high  up- 
land, but  includes  in  the  north-west  a 
number  of  small  lakes.  There  are  numer- 
ous barrows  and  remains  of  several  Pict- 
lsh  towers.  Established  and  Free  churches 
and  2  public  schools  are  in  Helmsdale. 

KILDONAN,  hamlet,  old  tower,  and 
plain,  at  south-eastern  extremity  of  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire.  The  hamlet  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Arran  Island.  The 
tower  crowns  a  sea-cliff,  and  occupies  the 
site  of  a  Dalriadan  fortalice. 


KILDONAN,  site  of  ancient  church  in 
Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

KILDONANE,  seat  in  Colmonell  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

KILDRUMMY,  parish,  containing  Mos- 
sat  post  office,  in  Alford  district,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  lies  on  the  Don  westward 
of  Alford,  measures  7  miles  by  4,  and  com- 
prises 10,352  acres.  Eeal  property  in 
1880-81,  £4228.  Pop.  656.  The  sur- 
face includes  some  extent  of  valley,  but 
consists  mostly  of  pastoral  hills.  Kil- 
drummy  Castle  crowns  an  eminence  be- 
tween two  ravines  about  a  mile  from  the 
Don,  was  once  a  royal  palace,  figured  con- 
spicuously in  the  wars  of  the  Succession, 
and  is  now  an  imposing  ruin.  The  public 
school  has  accommodation  for  202  scholars, 
and  is  mostly  new. 

KILFINAN,  hamlet  and  parish  in  Cowal, 
Argyleshire.  The  hamlet  lies  on  small 
bay  of  Loch  Fyne,  5  miles  by  water  north- 
north-east  of  Tarbert,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Greenock,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school. — The  par- 
ish contains  also  Tighnabruaich  village; 
extends  northward  past  Otter,  and  south- 
ward to  Ardlamont  Point ;  is  three-fourths 
engirt  by  Loch  Fyne  and  Kyles  of  Bute ; 
measures  about  17  miles  in  length,  and 
6  miles  in  greatest  breadth  ;  and  comprises 
32,301  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£14,193.  Pop.  2153.  The  coasts  exhibit 
much  diversity  and  beauty  ;  and  the  in- 
terior consists  mostly  of  moderately  high 
hills,  with  interspersions  of  slopes  and 
vales.  The  seats  are  Ardlamont,  Balli- 
more,  Otter,  and  Ardmarnock :  and  the 
antiquities  are  several  duns  and  the  site  of 
Lamont  Castle.  A  chapel-of-ease  and  a 
Free  church  are  at  Tighnabruaich,  and  a 
chapel-of-ease  is  at  Kilbride.  There  are  5 
schools  for  437  scholars,  and  2  of  them  for 
292  are  new. 

KILFINICHEN,  parish,  comprising  Iona, 
Inchkenneth,  and  Eorsa  Islands,  several 
adjacent  islets,  and  the  south-western  part 
of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  contains 
the  post  office  villages  of  Iona  and  Bunes- 
san,  and  measures,  in  its  Mull  portion, 
about  22  miles  by  12.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £8612.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1978 ; 
quoad  sacra,  1269.  The  coast  includes 
Gribon  promontory,  Mackinnon's  Cave, 
Loch  Scriden,  Ardtun  Headland,  Loch 
Laich,  and  Carsaig  Arches ;  and  the  inte- 
rior includes  the  flat  lands  of  Ross,  but  is 
mostly  hilly  and  heathy,  and  extends  up 
to  the  summit  of  Benmore.  The  seats  are 
Kilfinichen  House  and  Pennycross ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities,  besides  those  of  Iona 
and  Inchkenneth,  are  numerous  standing 
stones  and  Scandinavian  towers.  The 
churches  are  2  Established  and  1  Free. 
There  are  5  schools  for  456  scholars,  and  2 
of  them  and  enlargements  for  190  are 
new. 

KILGOUR,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Falkland,  Fife. 
KILGRANNIE,  hamlet  and  coal-field  in 


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259 


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Dailly  parish,  Ayrshire.  The  hamlet  has 
a  public  school  with  about  75  scholars. 

KILGRASTON,  seat  near  Bridge  of  Earn, 
Perthshire. 

KILHILL,  place  believed  to  have  been 
site  of  Caledonian  town  Alauna,  on  Allan 
river,  2  miles  north  of  Stirling. 

KILKERRAN,  railway  station  and  seat 
of  Sir  James  Fergusson,  Bart.,  in  Dailly 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

KILKERRAN,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Campbelton,  Argyleshire. 

KILKIVAN,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Campbelton,  Argyleshire. 

KILLALLAN,  ancient  parish,  now  united 
to  Houston,  Renfrewshire. 

KILLANTRINGAN,  bay,  2f  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Portpatrick,  Wigtonshire. 

KILLARIA,  lake,  5  miles  east-by-north 
of  Oban,  Argyleshire. 

KILLARROW,  parish,  containing  Bow- 
more,  Bridgend,  and  Port-Askaig  villages, 
in  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  extends 
from  Laggan  Bay  on  east  side  of  Lochin- 
daal  to  northern  extremity  of  the  island, 
and  measures  about  15  miles  by  8.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £16,127.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  2756  ;  quoad  sacra,  1864.  Most 
of  the  land  is  low,  md  part  is  moderately 
hilly.  The  only  mansion  is  Islay  House ; 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  remains  of 
Macdonald's  palace,  ruins  of  Claig  Castle, 
and  remains  of  several  Scandinavian  forts. 
The  churches  are  2  Established  and  2 
Free.  Public  schools  are  at  Bowmore  and 
Kilmeny. 

KILLEAN,  parish,  containing  Tayinloan 
post  office  village,  on  west  side  of  Kintyre, 
Argyleshire.  It  extends  18  miles  south- 
ward from  a  line  opposite  north  end  of 
Gigha  Island,  has  a  maximum  breadth  of 
about  6  miles,  and  comprises  42,109  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £14,425.  Pop. 
1368.  The  coast  is  mostly  a  series  of 
sandy  bays  and  low  rocky  headlands,  and 
partly  bold  and  rugged.  The  interior  is 
chiefly  a  gradual  ascent  from  the  shore  to 
heights  of  not  more  than  800  feet,  but 
rises,  at  head  of  Barr  Glen,  to  the  summit 
of  Benantuirc  Mountain.  Chief  anti- 
quities are  rude  remains  of  Dundonald 
Castle,  a  few  rude  obelisks,  and  two  circular 
enclosures  called  Fingal's  Fort.  The 
churches  are  2  Established  and  1  Free. 
There  are  5  schools  for  372  scholars. 

KILLEAN,  secluded  mountain  vale  on 
Foyers  river,  Inverness-shire. 

KILLEAN,  glen  in  Clyne  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

KILLEARN,  village  and  parish  in  west 
of  Stirlingshire.  The  village  stands  near 
terminal  station  of  Blane  Valley  Railway, 
and  1\  miles  south-south-west  of  Balfron, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Glasgow,  a  lofty 
obeliskal  monument  to  George  Buchanan, 
a  parochial  church  of  1826,  converted  into 
public  hall,  reading-room,  and  library,  a 
parochial  church  of  1881  erected  at  a  cost 
of  £6000,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
110  scholars.    Pop.   356.— The  parish  is 


nearly  7  miles  long  and  mostly  not  more 
than  3|  miles  broad,  but  expands  in  the 
west  to  a  breadth  of  nearly  7  miles,  and 
it  comprises  15,370  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £14,961.  Pop.  1131.  The 
Endrick  runs  about  8  miles  along  the 
northern  and  the  western  boundary.  The 
land  adjacent  to  it  lies  about  40  feet  above 
sea-level ;  the  next  tract  rises  gradually  to 
a  height  of  about  500  feet ;  and  the  further 
tract  rises  eventually  to  the  summit-line 
of  Lennox  Hills.  Chief  residences  are 
Killearn  House,  Carbeth,  Ballikinrain, 
Boquhan,  and  Moss ;  and  chief  objects  of 
antiquarian  interest  are  a  castle  said  to 
have  been  a  retreat  of  Sir  William  Wallace, 
and  the  site  of  a  house  in  which  George 
Buchanan  was  born.  There  is  a  Free 
church  for  Killearn  and  Balfron. 

KILLEARNAN,  parish  on  south-east 
border  of  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Inverness  ;  it  lies  along  Loch  Beauly 
to  vicinity  of  Kessock  ferry ;  and  it  mea- 
sures about  5  miles  by  3.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £6336.  Pop.  1059.  The  sur- 
face rises  gradually  from  Loch  Beauly  to 
summit  of  the  Mullbuy.  Redcastle  and 
Kilcoy  were  old  castellated  mansions ; 
and  the  former  was  modernized,  but  the 
latter  is  now  a  ruin.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free.  The  public  school 
has  210  scholars. 

KILLEARN  STATION,  terminal  station 
of  Blane  Valley  Railway,  near  Killearn 
village,  Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Glasgow. 

KILLELLAN.    See  Killallan. 

KILLEN,  place  on  south-eastern  border  of 
Ross.   It  has  a  post  office  under  Inverness. 

KILLERMONT,  seat  on  the  Kelvin,  4 
miles  north-north-west  of  Glasgow. 

KILLEVIN,  ruined  church  on  Loch 
Fyne,  in  Glassary  parish,  Argyleshire. 

KILLIAN,  hill,  with  tarns,  in  Inverary 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

KILLIECHASSIE,  seat  on  left  side  of 
the  Tay,  between  Logierait  and  Weem, 
Perthshire. 

KILLIECRANKIE,  mountain  pass,  with 
railway  station,  16^  miles  north-north- 
west of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire.  It  forms 
a  chasm,  swept  along  the  bottom  by 
Garry  river ;  is  flanked  by  precipices 
and  acclivities  in  closely  confronting 
sides ;  measures  strictly  no  more  than 
about  \  mile  in  length,  but  less  strictly 
about  2|  miles ;  had,  till  modern  times, 
no  other  passage  than  a  perilous  footpath  ; 
has  now  a  good  terraced  carriage-road  and 
an  elaborately-constructed  reach  of  the 
Highland  Railway ;  terminates,  at  east 
side  of  north  end,  in  a  rough  vale,  the 
scene  of  Viscount  Dundee's  victory  and 
death  in  1689 ;  and  has  there  its  railway 
station,  and  a  post  office  under  Pit- 
lochrie. 

KILLIEDRAUGHT,  small  bay,  about  a 
mile  north-west  of  Eyemouth,  Berwick- 
shire. 

KILLIEMORE,  obscure  ancient  battle- 


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260 


KIL 


field  in  Penningham  parish,  "VVigton- 
shire. 

KILLIGRAY,  small  island  in  Harris 
Sound,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  6. 

KILLIN,  village  and  parish  in  Bread- 
albane,  Perthshire.  The  village  is  5 
miles  distant  from  a  railway  station  of 
its  own  name,  17  miles  north-by-west 
of  Callander ;  stands  adjacent  to  conflux 
of  Dochart  and  Lochy  rivers,  about  ^ 
mile  from  head  of  Loch  Tay ;  is  sur- 
rounded, both  closely  and  remotely,  by 
magnificent  scenery ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Stirling,  2  banking  offices, 
a  hotel,  a  serial  line  of  bridges,  Established, 
Free,  and  Episcopalian  churches,  and  a 
public  school,  Pop.  473.  A  branch  rail- 
way from  the  station  to  the  village,  at 
an  estimated  cost  of  £30,000,  was  pro- 
jected in  1881. — The  parish  contains  also 
Tyndrum  and  Clifton  villages ;  measures, 
inclusive  of  intersecting  lands,  about  28 
miles  in  length,  and  from  5  to  9  miles 
in  breadth ;  and  comprises  96,926  acres. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £12,644.  Pop. 
1277.  A  detached  section,  measuring  4 
by  3^  miles,  flanks  south  side  of  Loch  Tay, 
down  to  a  line  opposite  Benlawers  ;  and 
another  detached  section,  measuring  about 
1|  mile  each  way,  lies  in  middle  part  of 
Glenlochy.  The  main  body  extends  from 
a  line  across  head  of  Loch  Tay,  west-south- 
westward  to  summit  of  lofty  mountain- 
range  on  boundary  with  Argyleshire ; 
includes  Glendochart,  Strathfillan,  most 
of  Glenfalloch,  parts  of  Glenlochy  and 
Glenogle,  and  the  mountains  and  moun- 
tain-ranges on  the  flanks ;  culminates  on 
Benmore ;  and  includes  a  considerable 
aggregate  of  fine  plain,  rich  vale,  and 
verdant  upland.  Chief  seats  are  Kinnell, 
Achlyne,  Glenure,  Inverardran,  and 
Boreland  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
several  Caledonian  stone  circles,  the 
ivy-clad  castle  of  Finlarig,  and  ecclesiasti- 
cal remains  in  Strathfillan.  Free  churches 
are  in  Strathfillan  and  Ardeonaig  ;  and 
public  schools  are  in  these  two  places  and 
in  Glendochart. 

KILLIN,  lake  in  Contin  parish,  Boss- 
shire. 

KILLINESS,  headland  and  small  bay  in 
Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

KILLISPORT,  sea -loch  in  Knapdale, 
Argyleshire.  It  opens  from  south  end  of 
Jura  Sound,  strikes  6J  miles  north-east- 
ward, and  contracts  from  width  of  2  miles 
to  nearly  a  point. 

KILLOCHAN,  railway  station,  and  seat 
of  Sir  Reginald  A.  E.  Cathcart,  Bart.,  in 
Dailly  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KILLOCK.    See  Glenkillock. 

KILLORAN,  seat  on  site  of  Culdee  cell, 
in  Colonsay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

KILLUNDINE,  plain  old  castle  in  Morvern 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

KILLYWHAN,  railway  station,  8J  miles 
south  of  Barrhill,  Ayrshire. 

KILLYWHAN,  railway  station,  11|  miles 


north-east  of  Castle-Douglas,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

KILMADAN,  or  KILMODAN,  parish  in 
Cowal,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office  of 
the  name  of  Glendaruel  under  Greenock. 
Its  length  is  about  11  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  6i  miles;  its  area  25,408 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4785. 
Pop.  323.  The  surface  is  a  narrow  flat- 
bottomed  glen,  traversed  by  Ruel  rivulet 
to  head  of  Loch  Biddan.  The  seats  are 
Dunans,  Glendaruel,  and  Ormidale,  and 
the  antiquities  are  rude  cairns  and  traces 
of  Scandinavian  invasion.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  There  are  2 
schools  for  100  scholars,  and  1  of  them  is  new. 

KILMADOCK,  parish  containing  Doune 
town,  and  Deanston,  Buchany,  Drumvaich, 
and  Delvorich  villages,  on  southern  border 
of  Perthshire.  Its  length  is  10  miles  ;  its 
breadth  from  2  to  8  miles  ;  its  area  24,521 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £23,044. 
Pop.  3012.  The  Forth  runs  in  serpentine 
folds  along  the  southern  boundary,  and 
the  Teith  runs  east-south-eastward  through 
the  centre.  A  flat  tract  of  considerable 
breadth  lies  along  the  Forth ;  a  valley, 
flanked  on  each  side  by  a  hill-ridge,  is 
traversed  by  the  Teith ;  and  an  upland 
tract,  part  of  the  Braes  of  Doune,  ascends 
to  the  ■  lofty  summit  of  Uaighmore  on 
the  northern  boundary.  Chief  seats  are 
Kilbride  Castle,  Lanrick  Castle,  Doune 
Lodge,  Deanston  House,  and  Cambus- 
more  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  Doune 
Castle  and  Teith  Bridge.  The  churches 
are  Established,  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
and  Episcopalian,  and  there  are  4  schools 
with  capacity  for  541  scholars. 

KILMAHEW,  relinquished  mansion  in 
Cardross  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

KILMAHOG,  village  in  western  vicinity 
of  Callander,  Perthshire. 

KILMAICHLIE,  old  residence  in  Inver- 
aven  parish,  Banffshire. 

KILMALCOLM,  town  and  parish  in 
lower  ward  of  Renfrewshire.  The  town 
stands  7  miles  east-south-east  of  Greenock ; 
sprang  from  an  ancient  church  dedicated 
to  King  Malcolm  HI. ;  was  till  recently  a 
curious  sequestered  place  ;  and  now  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
under  Paisley,  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  a  spacious  hydropathic 
establishment  of  1880,  Established,  Free, 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  and 
a  large  public  school.  Pop.  1170. — 
The  parish  measures  1\  miles  by  6|,  and 
comprises  19,665  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £32,033.  _  Pop.  2708.  The 
south-eastern  section  is  a  shelving  valley, 
traversed  by  upper  part  of  Gryfe  river ; 
the  northern  section  is  a  slope  from  left 
flank  of  that  valley  downward  to  the 
Clyde;  the  south-western  section  is 
mostly  moss ;  and  the  western  section  is 
mostly  waste  or  pastoral  hill.  Chief 
residences  are  Duchall,  Carruth,  Finlay- 
ston,  Broadfield,  and  villas  on  the 
Clyde.     There  are  2   schools    for  330 


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261 


KIL 


scholars,  and  parts  of  them  for  150 
are  new. 

KILMALIE,  parish  in  Inverness-shire 
and  Argyleshire.  It  contains  Fort- William 
town,  Corpach  village,  and  north  side  of 
Ballachulish  parish  ;  comprehends  the 
district  between  Kilmanivaig  and  Loch 
Leven,  part  of  Great  Glen,  and  the  dis- 
tricts of  Ardgour  and  Lochiel ;  and  is 
intersected  by  the  entire  length  of  Loch 
Eil,  and  partly  bounded  by  Loch  Linnhe. 
Its  length  is  about  60  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  30  miles.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £17,259  and  £7117.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  2685  and  1434;  quoad  sacra,  259 
and  1149.  The  coasts  have  an  aggregate 
length  of  about  67  miles,  and  include 
several  spots  of  arable  land.  The  interior 
is  predominantly  and  wildly  mountainous  ; 
culminates  on  the  summit  of  Ben  Nevis ; 
and,  though  including  glens  and  valleys,  is 
capable  of  cultivation  throughout  not  more 
than  one  acre  in  three  rmndred.  Chief 
seats  are  Achnacarry  and  Ardgour ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  an  ancient 
castle  on  Lochy  river,  and  remains  of  a 
vitrified  fort.  The  clmrches  are  3  Estab- 
lished, 3  Free,  2  Episcopalian,  and  1 
Roman  Catholic.  There  are  10  schools  for 
656  scholars,  and  7  of  them  for  560  are  new. 

KILMALUAG,  ancient  parish,  now  called 
Lismore  and  Appin,  Argyleshire. 

KILMALUAG,  section  of  Kilmuir  parish, 
IsIg  of  Slcy© 

KILMANIVAIG,  or  KILMONIVAIG,  parish 
in  south-west  of  Inverness-shire.  It  con- 
tains the  post  office  hamlets  of  Bridge  of 
Roy  and  Invergarry;  extends  across  the 
county  from  boundary  with  Fortingal  in 
Perthshire  to  boundary  with  Kintail  in 
Ross-shire  ;  is  intersected  by  Great  Glen 
from  vicinity  of  Fort-Augustus  to  vicinity 
of  Fort-William ;  includes  Strathspean, 
Glentreig,  Glenroy,  Glenloy,  Glengarry, 
Glenqueich,  Loch  Lochy,  and  north-west 
side  of  Loch  Oich  :  and  measures  about  60 
miles  by  20.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£21,553.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1928  ;  quoad 
sacra,  1375.  A  vast  proportion  of  the 
surface  is  wild  alpine  mountain.  The 
glens,  specially  the  long  reach  of  Great 
Glen  and  lateral  openings  from  it,  exhibit 
picturesque  features  ;  but  the  intermediate 
extensive  tracts  are  mostly  bleak  and  stern. 
Some  sheep  farms  comprise  each  an  area 
of  more  than  100  square  miles.  The  chief 
residences  are  new  Inverlochy  Castle, 
Invergarry  House,  and  Letterfinlay  ;  and 
the  chief  antiquity  is  old  Inverlochy 
Castle.  The  churches  are  4  Established, 
2  Free,  and  1  Roman  Catholic.  Public 
schools  are  at  Bridge  of  Roy,  Blarour, 
Invergarry,  and  Inchlaggan. 

KILMANY,  hamlet  and  parish  in  north 
of  Fife.  The  hamlet  lies  5  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Cupar,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Cupar,  a  parochial  church  with 
about  320  sittings,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  56  scholars. — The  parish  contains 
also  Rathillet  hamlet,  measures  6  miles  by 


3|,  and  comprises  5343  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £9572.  Pop.  634.  The 
eastern  section  is  the  southern  slope  of  a 
hill-range,  and  the  western  one  is  partly 
soft  hill  and  partly  pleasant  valley.  Chief 
residences  are  Montquhany  and  Rathillet 
House.  A  United  Presbyterian  church  is 
at  Rathillet.  Dr.  Chalmers'  early  ministry 
was  spent  in  Kilmany. 

KILMARDINNY,  seat,  5£  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Glasgow. 

KILMARIE,  ruined  ancient  church  in 
Arasaig  district,  Inverness-shire. 

KILMARIE,  ruined  ancient  church  in 
Strath  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

KILMARNOCK,  rivulet,  town,  and 
parish  in  Ayrshire.  The  rivulet  is  formed 
by  two  head-streams  9  and  10  miles  long 
from  the  north,  and  runs  2  miles  to  Irvine 
river. — The  town  occupies  a  low  site  around 
the  rivulet's  mouth,  15^  miles  north-north- 
east of  Ayr  ;  has  flat  rich  environs ;  was 
only  a  hamlet  in  the  time  of  James  VI., 
and  had  not  much  above  3000  inhabitants 
in  the  time  of  the  poet  Burns  ;  is  notable 
for  objects  and  reminiscences  connected 
with  Burns'  history  and  poems  ;  con- 
sisted in  his  time  of  chiefly  mean  streets 
and  lanes ;  rose  to  importance  as  a  seat 
of  great  and  various  manufacture ; 
ranks  now  as  the  political  capital  of  about 
one-half  of  Ayrshire,  and  as  a  burgh  uniting 
with  Renfrew,  Port-Glasgow,  Dumbarton, 
and  Rutherglen  in  sending  a  member  to 
Parliament ;  publishes  two  weekly  news- 
papers ;  carries  on  manufacture  in  carpets, 
worsteds,  bonnets,  printed  shawls  and 
plaids,  and  many  other  articles  ;  gave  from 
1661  to  the  family  of  Boyd  the  title  of 
earl,  forfeited  in  1746  by  the  fourth  earl's 
participation  in  the  rebellion  of  1745 ; 
includes  the  suburbs  of  Bonniton  and 
Riccarton,  the  latter  on  left  bank  of  the 
Irvine ;  is  partly  incompact  and  strag- 
gling, but  mostly  well-built  and  pleasing  ; 
includes  a  market-place,  a  square,  and 
several  handsome  streets  ;  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  railway 
communication  in  five  directions,  a  railway 
viaduct  of  24  lofty  arches,  a  number  of 
bridges  on  the  intersecting  streams,  7 
banking  offices,  6  hotels,  a  town  hall,  a 
fine  court-house,  an  exchange  with  public 
hall,  a  colossal  statue  monument  of  Sir 
James  Shaw,  a  public  park  with  monument 
of  the  poet  Burns,  6  Established  churches, 
5  Free  churches,  4  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  2  Evangelical  Union  churches, 
Original  Secession,  Baptist,  Episcopalian, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  2  large 
primary  schools,  a  higher  educational 
academy,  a  philosophical  institution,  and 
fever  hospital  and  infirmary.  The  public 
park  sprang  from  a  bequest  by  Mr.  Kay, 
comprises  41  acres,  cost  £12,000,  and  was 
opened  in  1879.  Burns'  Monument  stands 
in  the  park's  centre,  and  is  partly  a  marble 
statue,  8  feet  high,  partly  an  ornament- 
al edifice,  containing  many  souvenirs  of 
the  poet.    The  High  and  St.  Marnock's 


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Established  churches  are  elegant  modern 
structures,  and  the  Grange  Free  church 
is  a  steepled  cruciform  edifice  of  1878. 
Real  property  of  the  burgh  in  1880-81, 
£79,631.  Pop.  24,978.— The  parish  ex- 
cludes Riccarton  suburb,  but  includes 
Crookedholm  village.  Its  length  is  about 
9  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about  5 
miles ;  its  area  9444  acres.  Real  property 
of  landward  part  in  1879-80,  £25,094. 
Pop.  of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia,  25,864 ; 
quoad  sacra,  11,623.  The  surface  is  partly 
flat  and  partly  a  very  gentle  ascent  toward 
the  north ;  and  nearly  all,  except  sites  of 
buildings  and  of  traffic,  is  arable.  Coal 
is  very  largely  worked  and  extensively 
exported.  Villages  and  hamlets  stand 
adjacent  to  the  collieries ;  and  several 
mills  and  mansions  are  near  the  town. 
Crawfurdland  Castle  is  a  stately  edifice, 
partly  ancient  and  partly  modern ;  and 
Dean  and  Rowallan  Castles,  the  former 
the  quondam  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Kilmar- 
nock, are  interesting  antiquities.  25 
schools  for  4942  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  6  of  them  and  a  class-room  for  1800 
are  new. 

KILMARNOCK  (HIGH  KIRK,  ST.  AN- 
DREW, and  ST.  MARNOCK),  three  quoad 
sacra  parishes,  with  churches,  in  Kilmar- 
nock, Ayrshire.   Pop.  3172,  6915,  and  3487. 

KILMARON,  castellated  modern  man- 
sion, 1\  mile  north-north- west  of  Cupar, 
Fife. 

KILMARONOCK,  parish  lying  across 
foot  of  Loch  Lomond,  Dumbartonshire. 
It  contains  Drymen  and  Caldarvan  rail- 
way stations,  and  extends  from  Endrick 
river  to  vicinity  of  Balloch,  and  its  post 
town  is  Alexandria.  Its  length  is  1\  miles; 
its  greatest  breadth  fully  5  miles  ;  its  area 
10,325  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£11,340.  Pop.  927.  The  eastern  sec- 
tion is  hilly  and  partly  moorish,  but  the 
western  section  is  low,  arable,  and  embel- 
lished. The  seats  are  Butturich  Castle, 
Ross  Priory,  Caldarvan,  and  Catter ;  and 
a  spot  of  antiquarian  interest  is  the  site  of 
a  Culdee  cell,  founded  by  Maronnan  or 
Maronoch,  afterwards  a  nunnery,  noticed 
in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake  as 
'  Maronnan's  cell.'  The  churches  are  Es- 
tablished and  United  Presbyterian.  There 
are  2  schools  for  172  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  for  80  is  new. 

KILMARTIN,  village  and  parish  on  south 
border  of  Lorn  district,  Argyleshire.  The 
village  stands  8  miles  north-north-west  of 
Lochgilphead,  was  rebuilt  about  1835,  is  a 
neat  place  with  pleasant  environs,  and  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  under  Lochgilphead, 
Established,  Free,  and  Episcopalian 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
92  scholars. — The  parish  measures  about 
12  miles  by  3J,  includes  also  Maccaskin 
and  Ree  Islands,  and  comprises  7882 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £7872. 
Pop.  811.  Kilmartin  vale,  traversed  by 
Skeodnish  rivulet,  which  enters  the  head 


of  Loch  Crinan,  is  one  of  the  finest  vales 
in  the  Highlands.  The  two  islands  Mac- 
caskin and  Ree  lie  in  Loch  Craignish. 
The  rest  of  the  land  is  hilly  and  much 
diversified,  rises  partly  to  a  height  of 
about  1000  feet  on  a  flank  of  Loch  Awe, 
and  contains  vantage-grounds  commanding 
extensive  magnificent  views.  The  chief 
seats  are  Kilmartin  House  and  Duntroon 
Castle ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  Kilmar- 
tin Castle,  Carnassarie  Castle,  and  a  num- 
ber of  large  cairns.  The  public  school  is 
new,  and  has  capacity  for  160  scholars. 

KILMARTIN,  rivulet  on  north-east  of 
Isle  of  Skye. 

KILMAURS,  town  and  parish  in  Cun- 
ningham district,  Ayrshire.  The  town 
stands  on  Carmel  rivulet,  2  miles  north- 
north- west  of  Kilmarnock ;  is  an  ancient 
place,  once  notable  for  cutlery ;  adjoins  a 
quondam  residence  of  the  Cunningham 
family,  Barons  Kilmaurs  and  Earls  of 
Glencairn ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  designated  of 
Ayrshire,  a  railway  station,  a  small  steep- 
led  town  hall,  an  old  parochial  church 
originally  collegiate,  Free  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  256  scholars.  Pop.  1203.— The 
parish  contains  also  the  villages  of  Cross- 
house,  Elderslie,  Fardlehill,  Knockan- 
tiber,  Kirkton,  Milton,  and  Busby.  Its 
length  is  6  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  2| 
miles;  its  area  5900  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1879-80,  £26,734.  Pop.  3704. 
The  surface  is  a  plain  diversified  with  un- 
dulations, rising-grounds,  and  knolls.  The 
seats  are  Thornton,  Craig,  Tour,  Tower- 
hill,  and  Carmelbank;  and  interesting 
objects  are  the  castle  and  coal-field  of  Bus- 
by. There  are  3  schools  for  754  scholars, 
and  2  of  them  for  640  are  new. 

KILMAVEONAIG,  place  in  Blair- Athole 
parish,  Perthshire. 

KILMELFORD,  ancient  parish,  now 
united  to  Kilninver,  Argyleshire.  It  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
under  Lochgilphead,  a  parochial  church, 
and  a  public  school. 

KILMENY,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  north- 
east of  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire.  It 
measures  about  11  miles  by  8,  and  has  an 
Established  church,  a  Free  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  100  scholars. 
Pop.  1864. 

KILMICHAEL,  ancient  parish,  no  w  part 
of  Campbelton,  Argyleshire. 

KILMICHAEL,  seat  in  Glencloy,  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire. 

KILMICHAEL,  rivulet,  running  to  the 
sea,  in  North  Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 

KILMICHAEL-GLASSARY,  hamlet  and 
parish  in  Argyle-proper  district,  Argyle- 
shire. The  hamlet  lies  on  Add  rivulet, 
was  once  an  important  village,  and  now 
has  a  post  office  under  Lochgilphead,  a 
parochial  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  83  scholars. — The  parish  is  com- 
monly called  Glassary,  and  is  noticed 
under  that  name. 


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EILMICHAEL-INVERLUSSA,  place,  with 
bridge  and  fine  cascade,  on  Kilmichael 
rivulet,  in  North  Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 

EILMILIAN,  old  burying-ground  near 
Inverary,  and  once  the  name  of  Inverary 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

KILMINNING,  farm,  with  site  of  ancient 
chapel,  in  Crail  parish,  Fife. 

KILMINSTER,  lake  and  extensive  moss 
in  "Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

KILMODAN.    See  KiLMADAN. 

EILMONIVAIG.    See  Kilmanivaig. 

EILMORACE,  hamlet,  falls,  and  parish 
in  north-west  of  Inverness-shire.  The 
hamlet  lies  2|  miles  south-west  of  Beauly, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Beauly,  and 
a  parochial  church. — The  falls  are  on 
Beauly  river,  adjacent  to  the  hamlet ; 
form  one  of  the  finest  scenes  in  Scotland  ; 
and  take  character  from  both  striking 
diversity  in  themselves  and  great  force  of 
feature  in  their  flanks. — The  parish  con- 
tains Beauly  village,  extends  34  miles 
south-westward  to  head  of  Strathaffrick, 
and  has  an  extreme  breadth  of  about  13 
miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £20,314. 
Bop.  2618.  The  north-east  end  is  an 
open  plain  about  3  miles  in  diameter ; 
the  section  extendirg  about  7  miles  south- 
westward  thence  is  richly  beautiful  and 
romantic  strath  ;  and  the  rest  of  the  area 
consists  of  lakes,  glens,  moors,  and  moun- 
tains, and  is  partly  alpine.  Chief  features, 
besides  Kilmorack  falls,  are  the  Dhruim, 
Ellan-Aigas,  Erchless  Castle,  Chisholm's 
pass,  Ord  moor,  Glenfarrar,  Invercannich, 
Glencannich,  Strathaffrick,  Maamsoul,  and 
Benattow.  Chief  antiquities  are  Beauly 
Priory,  a  chain  of  forts,  two  standing  stones, 
and  remains  of  numerous  Caledonian  stone 
circles.  Free  and  Roman  Catholic  churches 
are  in  Beauly.  There  are  5  schools  for  537 
scholars,  and  4  of  them  for  460  are  new. 

EILMORE,  parish,  containing  Oban  town 
and  Kerrera  Island,  in  Lorn,  Argyleshire. 
Its  mainland  part  has  a  proximately  cir- 
cular outline,  and  measures  about  6^  miles 
in  diameter.  Real  property  of  the  whole 
in  1880-81,  inclusive  of  Oban  burgh, 
£30,660.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  5142 ;  quoad 
sacra,  627.  The  mainland  coast  curves 
round  from  lower  part  of  Loch  Etive  to  head 
of  Loch  Feachan,  measures  nearly  20  miles 
in  extent,  and  is  mostly  high  and  rocky, 
but  includes  excellent  harbours  at  Dun- 
staffnage  and  Oban.  The  land  is  mostly 
hilly,  but  not  high,  and  includes  fertile 
vales.  Chief  objects  of  interest  are  Dun- 
staffnage  Castle,  Dunolly  Castle,  Dunolly 
House,  and  Loch  Nell.  Two  parochial 
churches,  Kilmore  and  Kilbride,  stand 
landward ;  and  2  quoad  sacra  parochial 
churches,  and  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
Congregational,  Episcopalian,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches  are  in  Oban.  Public 
schools  are  in  Kilmore-Dunach  and 
Kerrera  ;  and  3  old  schools  for  268  scholars 
and  a  new  one  for  400  are  in  Oban. 

EILMORE,  ancient  parish,  now  united 
to  Kilninian,  in  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 


EILMORE,  seat  and  site  of  parochial 
church  in  Urquhart  parish,  Inverness- 
shire. 

EILMORE,  site  of  parochial  church  in 
Sleat  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

EILMORICH,  ancient  parish,  now  united 
to  Lochgoilhead,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a 
parochial  church  at  Cairndow  on  Loch 
Fyne,  and  a  public  school  with  about  57 
scholars. 

EILMORIE,  parish,  comprehending 
Pladda  Island,  and  south  end  and  west 
side  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  It  has  in 
vicinity  of  Lag  a  post  office  designated  of 
Arran  Island,  a  parochial  church,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  81 
scholars.  Its  length  is  24  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  8f  miles ;  and  its  area 
67,099  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,765.  Pop.  2574.  The  coast  line  in 
Arran  extends  from  Glenashdale  to  mouth 
of  Loch  Ranza;  and  its  entire  surface  is 
described  in  the  articles  on  Arran  and 
Pladda.  Free  churches  are  at  Shisken 
and  Loch  Ranza.  There  are  7  schools  for 
516  scholars,  and  3  of  them  for  230  are 
new. 

EILMORIE,  place,  with  ruined  large 
ancient  church,  ancient  burying-ground, 
and  beautiful  ancient  obelisk,  on  coast 
between  Lochs  Swin  and  Killisport,  in 
Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 

EILMORIE,  seat  of  Sir  John  W.  C. 
Orde,  Bart.,  and  ruined  church,  near 
Lochgilphead,  Argyleshire. 

EILMORIE,  place,  with  ruined  ancient 
church,  in  Craignish  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

EILMORIE,  vestige  of  ancient  church 
on  east  coast  of  Kirkcolm  parish,  "Wigton- 
shire. 

EILMORIE,  ruined  ancient  fortalice  on 
west  coast  of  Bute  Island,  opposite  Inch- 
marnock,  Buteshire. 

EILMSTER,  old  battlefield  in  Bower 
parish,  Caithness. 

EILMUIR,  parish,  comprehending  Ias- 
gair,  Fladdachuain,  Tulm,  Trodda, 
Altivaig,  and  Fladda  islets,  and  the 
north-eastern  portion  of  Skye  Island, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has,  near  its  north- 
western extremity,  a  post  office  under 
Portree.  Its  length,  exclusive  of  the 
islets,  is  16  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
8  miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £5828. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2562  ;  quoad  sacra, 
1259.  The  coast  has  an  aggregate  ex- 
tent of  more  than  30  miles  ;  is  bold,  high, 
and  rocky ;  shows  vast  numbers  of  small 
bays  and  headlands ;  and  includes  the 
magnificent  basaltic  semi- amphitheatre  of 
Loch  Staffin.  The  seaboard,  to  the  mean 
breadth  of  about  2  miles,  consists  of  arable 
land,  and  is  naturally  divided  into  the 
three  districts  of  Kilmuir,  Kilmaluag,  and 
Steinscholl.  The  rest  of  the  area  is  partly 
an  assemblage  of  small  hills,  with  inter- 
secting small  glens,  and  partly  the  con- 
tinuation of  a  mountain-range  extending 
northward  from   Snizort,   and  includes 


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the  wildly  romantic  hill  and  hollow  of 
Quiraing.  Chief  antiquities  are  Duntulm 
Castle,  vestiges  of  several  old  chapels,  and 
remains  of  six  forts  ;  and  an  interesting 
object  is  an  Iona  cross  monument  to  Flora 
Macdonald,  erected  in  1871  over  her  grave 
in  Kilmuir  churchyard.  The  churches  are 
an  Established  and  a  Free  in  Kilmuir- 
proper,  and  an  Established  and  a  Free 
in  Steinscholl.  There  are  4  schools  for 
385  scholars,  and  3  of  them  for  286  are 
new. 

KILMUIR,  ancient  parish,  now  called 
Duirinish,  in  Isle  of  Skye. 

KILMUIR-EASTER,  parish,  containing 
Parkhill  post  office  village,  Barbaraville 
and  Portlich  villages,  and  Balintraid  har- 
bour, on  north-west  coast  of  Cromarty 
Firth,  Ross-shire.  Its  length  is  10  miles  ; 
its  mean  breadth  about  4  miles.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £6767.  Pop.  1146. 
The  coast  is  flat ;  the  seaboard  is  low, 
arable,  and  embellished ;  and  the  rest  of 
the  area  is  partly  pastoral,  and  partly 
terminates  in  barren  moor.  The  seats  are 
Balnagown,  Tarbat,  Kindace,  and  Mil- 
mount  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are 
remains  of  Tarbat  Castle  and  site  of  a 
Caledonian  stone  circle.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  There  are  3 
schools  for  170  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
is  new. 

KILMUIR  -  WESTER,  ancient  parish, 
now  part  of  Knockbain,  Ross-shire. 

KILMUN,  village  and  parish  in  Cowal, 
Argyleshire.  The  village  stands  on  north 
side  of  Holy  Loch,  4  miles  by  water  north 
of  Dunoon  ;  dates  from  ancient  times,  but 
was  only  a  hamlet  till  about  1830  ;  had  an 
elegant  collegiate  church,  erected  in  1442 
on  site  of  a  Culdee  cell ;  retains  the  tower 
of  that  church,  adjoined  by  mausoleum  of 
ducal  family  of  Argyle,  erected  in  1793  in 
lieu  of  one  within  the  church ;  is  now  a 
watering-place,  consisting  mostly  of  villas 
and  ornate  cottages  ;  and  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Argyleshire,  a  steamboat 
pier,  an  Established  church  of  1816,  and 
a  Free  church.  Pop.  323. — The  parish  is 
now  annexed  to  Dunoon. 

KILMUNDY,  village  in  Longside  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

KILMUX,  seat  in  Scoonie  parish,  Fife. 

KILNEUAIR,  place,  with  ruined  old 
chapel,  in  Glassary  parish,  Argyleshire. 

KILNINIAN,  parish,  consisting  of  Kil- 
ninian-proper  and  Kilmore,  and  compre- 
hending Calve,  Gometra,  Ulva,  Staffa, 
Little  Colonsay,  and  Treshinish  Islands, 
and  all  northern  peninsula  of  Mull  Island, 
Argyleshire.  It  contains  the  post  town  of 
Tobermory,  and  the  post  office  hamlet  of 
Aros.  Its  Mull  part  measures  13  miles  by 
12.  Real  property  of  the  whole  in  1880-81, 
£14,379.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2534  ;  quoad 
sacra,  1185.  The  Mull  part  includes  all 
Mull  north  of  the  isthmus  between  Loch- 
na-Keal  and  Mull  Sound,  consists  mostly 
of  heathy  hills,  contains  5  lakes,  and  has 
tracts  of  arable  land  generally  on  the 


coast.  Chief  residences  are  Calgarry, 
Torloisk,  and  Drumfin ;  and  chief  anti- 
quities are  Aros  Castle,  vestiges  of  strong 
fortifications  on  Cairnbulg  Island,  and  a 
Caledonian  stone  circle  on  a  height  near 
Kilmore.  Parochial  churches  are  at 
Kilninian  and  Kilmore ;  quoad  sacra 
parochial  churches  are  at  Tobermory, 
Salen,  and  Ulva;  and  Free,  Baptist,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches  are  at  Tober- 
mory. 9  schools  for  838  scholars  are  in 
the  parish,  and  4  of  them  for  500  are 
new. 

KILNINVER,  hamlet  and  parish  in  Lorn, 
Argyleshire.  The  hamlet  lies  on  Euchar 
rivulet,  near  the  sea,  8  miles  south-by- west 
of  Oban,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Oban, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
public  school.  —  The  parish  consists  of 
Kilninver  -  proper  and  Kilmelford,  and 
measures  about  12  miles  by  10.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5634.  Pop.  405. 
The  coast  is  indented  by  Euchar  estuary, 
a  number  of  bays,  and  Loch  Melford ; 
projects  two  high  rocky  promontories ;  is 
elsewhere  very  rugged  ;  and  has  an  aggre- 
gate extent  of  about  14  miles.  The  interior 
is  variously  dale,  glen,  and  hill ;  culminates 
at  about  1500  feet  above  sea-level ;  and 
includes  about  20  lakes.  The  antiquities 
are  Ronaldson's  Tower,  Colin's  Cairn,  a 
ruined  monastery,  standing  stones,  and 
tumuli.  A  parochial  church  and  a  public 
school  are  at  Kilmelford. 

KILNSIDE,  seat  in  Abbey-Paisley  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

KILPATRICK,  small  bay  at  mouth  of 
Blackwater,  west  side  of  Arran  Island, 
Buteshire. 

KILPATRICK,  western  section  of  Lennox 
Hills,  in  Dumbartonshire. 

KILPATRICK  (NEW),  village  in  Dum- 
bartonshire, and  parish  partly  also  in 
Stirlingshire.  The  village  stands  5^  miles 
north-west  of  Glasgow,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Glasgow,  Established  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  97  scholars. — The 
parish  contains  also  Milngavie  town,  and 
Garscadden,  Garscube,  Knights  wood, 
Netherton,  Craigton,  Bluerow,  and  Dais- 
holm  villages.  Its  length  is  7|  miles;  its 
greatest  breadth  3^  miles ;  its  area  9303  acres 
in  Dumbartonshire,  and  2747  in  Stirling- 
shire. Real  property  in  1880-81,  £82,146 
and  £12,944.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  7414; 
quoad  sacra,  4485.  The  northern  section,  to 
the  extent  of  about  4  square  miles,  is  filled 
with  part  of  Kilpatrick  Hills ;  and  the 
rest  of  the  land  descends  in  successive 
knolly  undulations  to  the  Kelvin  and  the 
vicinity  of  Yoker  on  the  Clyde.  Coal, 
limestone,  and  very  fine  sandstone  are 
worked.  Chief  seats  are  Garscube,  Killer- 
mont,  Garscadden,  Clober,  Balvie,  and 
Kilmardinny ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
vestiges  of  Antoninus'  Wall,  and  sites  of 
two  ancient  chapels.  Established,  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Roman  Catholic  churches 
are  at  Milngavie.  8  schools  for  1069  scholars 


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are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them  for  400  is 
new. 

KILPATRICK  (OLD),  village  and  parish 
in  Dumbartonshire.  The  village  stands 
adjacent  to  the  Clyde,  9  miles  by  road,  but 
11  by  railway,  west-north- west  of  Glasgow, 
was  the  birthplace  of  St.  Patrick,  and  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  under  Glasgow,  a 
railway  station,  Established  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  74  scholars.  Pop.  911.— The 
parish  contains  also  the  towns  of  Duntocher 
and  Clydebank,  the  villages  of  Bowling,  Dal- 
muir,  Faifley,  Hardgate,  Milton,  Littlemill, 
Dumbuck,  and  part  of  Yoker.  Its  length 
is  nearly  8  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
nearly  6  miles  ;  its  area  12,554  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £48,619.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  8862  ;  quoad  sacra,  6020.  The  sur- 
face is  bounded,  along  all  the  south  by  the 
Clyde,  and  appears  pretty  fully  in  view  from 
a  vessel  sailing  down  or  up  the  river.  The 
Kilpatrick  Hills  occupy  all  the  north  and 
part  of  the  centre ;  present  to  the  south 
picturesque  features  of  declivity,  escarp- 
ment, ravine,  and  wood ;  strike  gradually 
toward  the  Clyde  from  a  distance  of  about 
4  miles  in  the  east  to  a  distance  of  less 
than  1  mile  in  the  west ;  have  near  alti- 
tudes of  from  800  to  1313  feet  above  sea- 
level  ;  exhibit,  adjacent  to  Bowling  Bay, 
the  deep  broad  ravine  of  Glenarbuck ;  and 
terminate  abruptly  in  Dumbuck  Hill, 
about  a  mile  east  of  Dumbarton  Castle. 
The  ground  between  the  hills  and  the 
Clyde  is  mostly  either  sloping  or  flat. 
Chief  seats  are  Auchentorlie,  Auchin- 
toshan,  Mount  blow,  Dalmuir,  and  Dum- 
buck ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  site  or 
vestige  of  terminal  forts  of  Antoninus' 
Wall,  a  Roman  bridge  and  site  of  Roman 
sudorium  at  Duntocher,  vestiges  of  several 
Caledonian  hill-forts,  and  ivy-clad  remains 
of  Dunglass  Castle.  Established,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches  are  at  Duntocher,  and  Established 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches  are  at 
Clydebank.  8  schools  for  1495  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  3  of  them  and 
enlargements  for  816  are  new. 

KILPETER,  ancient  parish,  now  called 
Houston,  Renfrewshire. 

KILPIRNIE,  hill,  1134  feet  high,  sur- 
mounted by  turret  of  last  century,  in 
Newtyle  parish,  Forfarshire. 

KILRAVOCK,  castellated  seat,  variously 
ancient  and  modern,  6  miles  south-west  of 
Nairn,  Nairnshire. 

KILRENNY,  burgh  and  parish  on  south- 
east coast  of  Fife.  The  burgh  comprises 
Cellardykes  coast  town,  contiguous  to  east 
end  of  Anstruther,  and  a  small  village  f 
mile  to  the  north-east ;  is  called  Nether 
Kilrenny  as  to  Cellardykes,  and  Upper 
Kilrenny  as  to  the  village ;  has  a  post 
office  of  the  name  of  Kilrenny  under 
Anstruther ;  and  unites  with  the  two 
Anstruthers,  Pittenweem,  Crail,  Cupar, 
and  St.  Andrews  in  sending  a  member  to 


Parliament.  Real  property  in  13S0-81, 
£4585.  Pop.  2759.— The  parish  measures 
about  3J  miles  by  nearly  2J,  and  comprises 
3776  acres.  Real  propertv  of  landward 
part  in  1880-81,  £8023.  Pop.  of  the  whole, 
3198.  The  surface  ascends  gently  and 
evenly  from  the  shore  to  the  northern 
boundary.  The  seats  are  Innergelly  and 
Rennyhill.  2  large  public  schools  are  in 
respectively  Cellardykes  and  the  village. 

KILRIE,  seat  near  Kinghorn,  Fife. 

KILRULE,  ancient  name  of  St.  Andrews, 
Fife. 

KILRY,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with  church, 
on  south  border  of  Glenisla,  Forfarshire. 
Its  post  town  is  Alyth.  Its  church  was 
built  in  1877.    Pop.  381. 

KILRY,  hill  bisecting  Glenisla  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  extends  east  and  west, 
and  divides  the  parish  into  nearly  equal 
parts. 

KILSPINDIE,  village  and  parish  in 
Gowrie  district,  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  3  miles  north-north-west  of  Errol, 
had  anciently  a  castle,  figures  in  the  early 
history  of  Sir  William  Wallace,  and  now 
has  a  parochial  church  with  350  sittings, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  110  scholars. 
The  parish  contains  also  the  post  office 
village  of  Rait,  measures  about  5  miles  by 
3|,  and  comprises  6255  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £6854.  Pop.  693. 
The  surface  comprises  part  of  Carse  of 
Gowrie  and  part  of  Sidlaw  Hills.  The 
only  mansion  is  Sir  Patrick  Threipland's 
seat  of  Fingask  Castle,  and  the  chief 
antiquity  is  vestige  of  fortification  on 
Evelick  Hill. 

KILSPINDIE,  quondam  fortalice  in 
Aberlady  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

KILSTAY,  place,  with  vestige  of  ancient 
church,  in  Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigton- 
shire. 

KILSYTH,  town  and  parish  on  south 
border  of  Stirlingshire.  The  town  stands 
at  terminus  of  Kelvin  Valley  Railway,  12J 
miles  by  road  north-east  of  Glasgow ;  is 
near  the  scene  of  the  notable  battle  of 
Kilsyth,  fought  in  1645 ;  gave  the  title  of 
viscount  to  the  family  of  Livingstone  till 
attaintment  in  1716  ;  was  founded  in  1665 
in  lieu  of  a  previous  town  on  different  site  ; 
carries  on  considerable  trade  and  manu- 
facture ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  all 
departments,  under  Glasgow,  2  banking 
offices,  Established,  Free,  United  Presby- 
terian, Congregational,  and  Methodist 
churches,  and  2  public  schools  with  about 
471  scholars.  Pop.  5405.— The  _  parish 
contains  also  Banton  and  Auchinmully 
villages,  measures  1\  miles  by  4f,  and 
comprises  13,121  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £28,164.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
6840 ;  quoad  sacra,  6047.  The  southern 
section  is  part  of  the  strath  of  Forth  and 
Clyde  Canal,  and  the  northern  section  is 
part  of  the  Lennox  Hills.  Coal,  ironstone, 
limestone,  and  a  fine  sandstone  are  worked. 
A  chief  mansion  is  Sir  William  Edmon- 
stone's  seat  of  Colzium  House ;  a  chief 


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266 


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antiquity  is  the  ruin  of  Kilsyth  Castle, 
long  the  seat  of  the  Livingstones ;  and 
other  antiquities  are  ruins  of  Colzium 
Castle,  remains  of  two  Caledonian  forts, 
and  vestiges  of  two  Roman  forts.  A  quoad 
sacra  parochial  church  is  at  Banton,  and  2 
public  schools  with  about  301  scholars  are 
landward. 

KILSYTH  AND  FALKIRK  RAILWAY. 

See  Falkirk  and  Kilsyth. 

KILTARLITY,  hamlet  and  parish  in 
north-west  of  Inverness-shire.  The  ham- 
let lies  in  right  side  of  Strathglass,  3J 
miles  south-west  of  Beauly,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Beauly,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school. — The  parish 
extends  south-westward  alongside  of 
Kilmorack  to  head  of  Strathaffrick,  and 
measures  about  37  miles  by  6.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £11,670.  Pop.  2134. 
The  surface  includes  Glenconveth  on  the 
south-east ;  is,  with  slight  exception, 
separated  from  Kilmorack  by  the  con- 
tinuous line  of  Affrick,  Glass,  and  Beauly 
rivers ;  and,  exclusive  of  glens  in  the  north- 
west, shares  all  the  characters  and  attrac- 
tions of  Kilmorack.  Chief  seats  are 
Beaufort  Castle  and  Belladrum  ;  and  chief 
antiquities  are  Caledonian  stone  circles 
and  vitrified  forts.  An  Established  mis- 
sion church  is  in  the  south-west ;  a  Free 
church,  besides  that  of  Kiltarlity,  is  in 
Strathglass  ;  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church 
is  at  Eskadale.  Six  schools  for  534  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  2  of  them  and  a 
class-room  for  175  are  new. 

KILTEARN,  parish,  containing  Evanton 
post  office  village  and  Drummond  village, 
on  west  side  of  Cromarty  Firth,  Ross- 
shire.  It  extends  about  6  miles  along  the 
coast,  and  about  20  miles  inland.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £10,474.  Pop.  1182. 
The  tract  on  the  firth,  with  breadth  of 
from  1  to  2  miles,  is  arable,  fertile,  and 
embellished ;  and  all  the  rest  of  the  land 
is  hill  and  mountain,  mostly  covered  with 
heath,  and  culminating  on  part  of  Benwy- 
vis.  The  seats  are  Fowlis  Castle,  Balcony, 
and  Novar ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  re- 
mains of  five  chapels  and  burying-grounds. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  Free. 
There  are  2  schools  for  235  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  154  are  new. 

KILTONGUE,  mineral- field  in  New 
Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

KILTYRE,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Kenmore  parish,  Perthshire. 

KILVARIE,  site  of  ancient  church  in 
Muckairn  parish,  Argyleshire. 

KILVICEUEN,  ancient  parish,  now 
united  to  Kilfinichen,  Mull  Island,  Ar- 
gyleshire. 

KILWINNING,  town  and  parish  in  Cun- 
ningham, Ayrshire.  The  town  stands  on 
Garnock  river,  3f  miles  south-by-east  of 
Dairy ;  dates  from  ancient  times ;  was 
the  mother-place  of  Scottish  freemasonry  ; 
is  engirt  with  low,  luxuriant,  well-wooded 
environs ;  carries  on  considerable  trade 
and  manufacture ;  and  has  a  post  office, 


with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Ayrshire,  a  railway 
station,  2  banking  offices,  a  hotel,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Original 
Secession,  and  Evangelical  Union  churches, 
remains  of  an  ancient  abbey,  and  a  large 
public  school.  Pop.  3469. — The  parish 
contains  also  Eglinton  village,  with  iron- 
works, and  the  villages  of  Bensley,  Doura, 
Dalgarven,  and  Fergushill.  Its  length  is 
about  7  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about 
5  miles ;  its  area  10,989  acres.  Real 
property  in  1879-80,  £37,725.  Pop.  7037. 
The  surface  is  partly  plain  and  valley, 
partly  an  assemblage  of  undulations  and 
low  hills ;  and  it  abounds  with  wood  and 
ornature.  Coal  and  limestone  are  ex- 
tensively worked.  A  chief  feature  is  the 
Earl  of  Eglinton's  seat  of  Eglinton  Castle  ; 
and  the  chief  antiquity  is  part  of  the 
ancient  Abbey  church,  presenting  fine 
features,  and  adjoined  by  a  bell-tower  of 
1816.  A  chapel-of-ease  is  at  Fergushill. 
Seven  schools  for  1675  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  2  of  them  for  810  are  new. 

KIMMERGHAM,  seat  on  the  Blackadder 
in  Edrom  parish,  Berwickshire. 

KINALDIE,  railway  station  and  seat, 
10J  miles  north-west  of  Aberdeen. 

KINALDIE,  seat,  3|  miles  south  of  St. 
Andrews,  Fife. 

KINARDY,  ancient  mansion  on  the 
Deveron,  2  miles  south  -  south  -  west  of 
Aberchirder,  Banffshire. 

KINBATTOCK,  place,  with  tumuli  and 
ruined  ancient  church,  in  Towie  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

KINBEACHIE,  lake  at  western  extremity 
of  Resolis  parish,  Ross-shire. 

KINBEAN,  hill  in  Aberdour  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

KINBLYTHMONT,  seat,  3J  miles  north- 
by-west  of  Arbroath,  Forfarshire. 

KINBRACE,  place  in  north-east  of  Kil- 
donan  parish,  Sutherland.  It  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Sutherlandshire,  and 
a  station  on  the  Sutherland  and  Caithness 
Railway. 

KINBROOM,  seat  in  Fyvie  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

KINBUCK,  village,  2£  miles  north-north- 
east of  Dunblane,  Perthshire.  It  has  a 
railway  station,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  94  scholars. 

KINCAID,  seat  and  print-field  in  Campsie 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

KINCAIRNEY,  village  and  mansion  in 
Caputh  parish,  Perthshire. 

KINCALDRUM,  estate,  with  mansion, 
in  Inverarity  parish,  Forfarshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Forfar. 

KINCAPLE,  village,  3  miles  west-north- 
west of  St.  Andrews,  Fife. 

KINCARDINE,  seaport  town  on  north 
side  of  Firth  of  Forth,  2|  miles  south  of 
a  railway  station  of  its  own  name,  and  5 
miles  south-east  of  Alloa.  It  adjoins 
embankments  of  two  great  land  recla- 
mations, completed  in  1823  and  1838 ; 
presents  an  uninviting  appearance,  yet 


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267 


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contains  some  good  houses ;  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  all  departments,  under 
Alloa,  2  banking  offices,  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  a  large  public  school. 

KINCARDINE,  parish  containing  Blair- 
Drummond  post  office  station,  Norrieston, 
Kirklane,  and  Woodlane  villages,  and 
most  of  Thornhill  post  office  village,  on 
south  border  of  Perthshire.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  south  by  the  river  Forth  ;  consists 
of  two  sections,  separated  from  each  other 
at  a  mean  distance  of  2\  miles ;  measures 
about  7  miles  in  length  inclusive  of  the 
intersection,  and  about  3^  miles  in  greatest 
breadth ;  and  comprises  10,504  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £16,046.  Pop.  1359. 
About  two-thirds  of  the  land  are  carse,  and 
the  rest  to  the  north  is  a  gently  ascending 
ridge  with  maximum  height  of  about  300 
feet.  Much  of  the  carse  is  rich  land  elabo- 
rately reclaimed  from  old  superincumbent 
deep  moss.  A  chief  feature  is  Blair-Drum- 
mond  mansion  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
three  tumuli  in  Blair-Drummond  park. 
The  parochial  church  stands  4  miles  east 
of  Norrieston,  and  is  a  handsome  edifice  of 
1816.  A  quoad  sacra  parochial  church  and 
a  Free  church  are  at  Norrieston.  Three 
schools  for  377  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  part  of  one  of  them  for  52  is  new. 

KINCARDINE,  hamlet  and  parish  on 
north  border  of  Ross-shire.  The  hamlet  lies 
on  Kyle  of  Dornoch  Firth,  2  miles  south- 
east of  Bonar-Bridge,  and  has  Established 
and  Free  churches  and  a  public  school. — 
The  parish  contains  also  Ardgay  post  office 
village ;  includes  Croick  quoad  sacra 
parish  ;  extends  westward  along  the  Kyle 
and  Oikell  river  ;  measures  upwards  of  35 
miles  in  length  ;  and  is  not  more  than  5 
miles  broad  in  the  east,  but  widens  to 
about  20  miles  in  the  west.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £12,751.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  1472;  quoad  sacra,  1278.  The 
coast  is  flat  and  sandy,  and  the  interior 
consists  of  pastoral  uplands  with  intersect- 
ing straths  or  glens,  and  contains  many 
small  lakes,  Scandinavian  dunes  are  in 
several  places.  An  Established  church  is 
at  Croick,  and  a  Free  church  is  at  Rosehall. 
Six  schools  for  290  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  4  of  them  for  220  are  new. 

KINCARDINE,  ancient  parish,  now  united 
to  Abernethy,  in  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a 
parochial  church  with  about  600  sittings. 

KINCARDINE,  romantic  glen,  traversed 
by  Madrany  rivulet,  crossed  by  a  six- 
arched  railway  viaduct,  and  containing 
ruins  of  an  ancient  ducal  castle,  in  Black- 
ford parish,  Perthshire. 

KINCARDINE,  quondam  town,  4  miles 
north-west  of  Laurencekirk,  Kincardine- 
shire. It  gave  name  to  the  county,  had  a 
royal  palace,  was  the  county's  political 
capital  till  the  time  of  James  VI.,  and 
declined  into  the  condition  of  a  small 
hamlet. 

KINCARDINE-O'NEIL,  village,  parish, 
and  district  in  south-west  of  Aberdeen- 


shire. The  village  stands  on  the  Dee,  3 
miles  west-south-west  of  Lumphanan 
railway  station,  has  picturesque  environs, 
is  a  resort  of  summer  visitors,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
under  Aberdeen,  an  inn,  Established,  Free, 
and  Episcopalian  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  112  scholars. — The  parish 
measures  fully  8  miles  by  5,  and  comprises 
18,182  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£11,522.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1931 ;  quoad 
sacra,  1101.  The  surface  consists  of  three 
straths  or  parts  of  straths,  with  consider- 
able intervening  hills  ;  has,  in  two  of 
the  straths,  an  elevation  of  between  400 
and  500  feet  above  sea-level ;  and  includes 
part  of  the  hill  of  Fare.  Chief  residences 
are  Kincardine  House,  Desswood,  Learney, 
Camfield,  and  Craigmyle.  There  are  5 
schools  for  367  scholars.  —  The  district 
comprehends  a  small  part  of  the  lower 
portion  of  the  Dee's  basin,  all  of  the 
central  portion  belonging  to  Aberdeen- 
shire, and  the  whole  of  the  upper  portion, 
and  includes  a  small  part  of  the  central 
portion  of  the  Don's  basin.  Its  length  is 
57  miles  ;  its  breadth  from  8  to  16  miles. 

KINCARDINESHIRE,  or  MEARNS,  mari- 
time county  between  Aberdeenshire  and 
Forfarshire.  It  extends  30  miles  along 
the  German  Ocean  from  the  Dee  to  the 
North  Esk,  and  22  miles  westward  to 
Mount  Battock ;  but  it  has  a  triangular 
outline,  with  the  sharpest  angle  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Dee ;  and  it  comprises  only 
388  square  miles.  The  seaboard  from  the 
Dee  to  Stonehaven,  measuring  about  50 
square  miles,  has  a  bold  rocky  shore,  and 
is  prevailingly  bleak  and  moorish.  The 
seaboard  from  Stonehaven  to  the  North 
Esk,  comprising  about  88  square  miles, 
has  mostly  a  cliffy  shore,  from  100  to  300 
feet  high,  and  is  mostly  an  assemblage  of 
hills  not  more  than  500  feet  high,  with 
profuse  intermixture  of  ravine,  vale,  and 
plain.  The  How,  extending  from  Stone- 
haven to  the  south-western  boundary,  and 
comprising  about  50  square  miles,  is  the 
eastern  part  of  Strathmore,  only  about  5 
furlongs  wide  at  the  coast,  but  gradually 
expanding  to  a  width  of  about  5  miles  to 
the  south-west,  and  forms  a  low  luxuriant 
champaign.  The  Deeside  section,  extend- 
ing about  13  miles  along  the  right  side  of 
the  Dee,  and  about  9|  miles  farther  on 
both  side's,  and  comprising  about  80  square 
miles,  is  much  diversified  with  flats  and 
heights,  abounds  in  wood,  and  exhibits 
aggregately  a  fine  appearance.  The  rest 
of  the  county,  comprising  about  120 
square  miles,  is  filled  with  an  offset  of  the 
Central  Grampians,  or  rather  is  an  ascent 
to  them  from  the  seaboard ;  rises  from 
heights  of  from  500  to  600  feet  in  the  east 
to  the  summit  of  Mount  Battock  in  the 
west ;  and,  with  exception  of  intersecting 
vales,  is  nearly  all  rugged  and  sterile. 
The  chief  streams,  besides  the  two  great 
ones  on  the  boundaries,  are  the  Feugh  and 
theSheeoch,  running  to  the  Dee;  the  Cowie, 


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268 


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the  Carron,  and  the  Bervie,  running  to  the 
ocean  ;  and.  the  Luther,  running  to  the 
North  Esk.  Granite  is  the  principal  rock, 
but  good  sandstone  exists  and  is  quarried. 
Agriculture  is  well  advanced,  but  neither 
manufacture  nor  commerce  makes  much 
figure.  The  antiquities  include  Caledonian 
stone  circles,  large  cairns,  remains  of  three 
Eoman  camps,  the  ruins  of  Finella  Castle, 
and  the  imposing  ruined  mass  of  Dun- 
nottar  Castle.  The  only  town  with  more 
than  3000  inhabitants  is  Stonehaven ;  the 
towns  with  each  more  than  1000  are 
Laurencekirk,  Johnshaven,  and  Bervie ; 
and  the  villages  with  each  more  than  300 
are  Banchory,  Gourd  on,  Torry,  Luther- 
muir,  Cove,  Auchenblae,  Fettercairn, 
Skaterow,  Findon,  Portlethen,  and  Drum- 
lithie.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £255,413. 
Pop.  in  1871,  34,630 ;  in  1881,  34,460. 

KINCLAVEN,  parish  in  Stormont  dis- 
trict, Perthshire.  It  contains  Arntully 
village,  and  its  post  town  is  Stanley.  Its 
length  is  4f  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  3 
miles  ;  its  area  6136  acres.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £7641.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  588 ; 
quoad  sacra,  490.  The  surface  lies  along 
right  side  of  the  Tay,  adjoins  Campsie  linn, 
rises  gently  into  an  inconsiderable  ridge, 
and  consists  mostly  of  arable  land.  Kin- 
claven  Castle,  now  a  ruin,  was  anciently  a 
royal  residence,  and  figures  in  the  history 
of  Sir  William  "Wallace.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  United  Presbyterian.  The 
public  school  has  capacity  for  45  scholars. 

KINCORTH,  seat  in  Dyke  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

KINCRAIG,  bold  cavernous  headland, 
nearly  200  feet  high,  at  east  horn  of  Largo 
Bay,  Fife. 

KINCRAIG,  place,  5f  miles  north-east  of 
Kingussie,  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Kingussie,  and  a  railway 
station. 

KINCRAIG,  seat  near  Invergordon,  Boss- 
shire.  • 

KINDACE,  seat  in  Kilmuir  -  Easter 
parish,  Boss-shire. 

KINDALLACHAN,  village  in  Dowally 
parish,  Perthshire. 

KINDER,  lake,  with  2  islets,  If  mile 
south  of  Newabbey,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KINDY,  rivulet,  traversing  Glenkindy, 
in  Strathdon  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

KINEARNY,  ancient  parish,  now  divided 
between  Cluny  and  Midmar,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

KINEDAR.    See  King-Edward. 

KINEDDAR,  two  seats,  Under  and 
Upper,  in  Saline  parish,  Fife. 

KINEDER,  ancient  parish,  with  traces 
of  parochial  church  and  Episcopal  chapel, 
now  in  Drainie,  Elginshire. 

KINELLAN,  lake  in  Contin  parish,  Boss- 
shire. 

KINELLAR,  parish,  containing  Black- 
burn post  office  and  part  of  Kintore  burgh, 
in  Aberdeenshire.  Its  length  is  fully  4 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  fully  2  miles  ; 
its  area  4217  acres.     Eeal  property  of 


landward  part  in  1880-81,  £5105.  Pop.  580. 
The  surface  is  undulated,  and  includes 
part  of  a  heathy  tract  with  numerous 
tumuli.  The  public  school  has  capacity 
for  99  scholars. 

KINETHMONT.    See  Kennethmont. 

KINFAUNS,  parish,  containing  rail- 
way station  of  its  own  name,  3f  miles  east- 
south-east  of  Perth.  It  contains  also 
Glencarse  post  office  and  railway  station, 
at  6f  miles  from  Perth  ;  measures  about  5 
miles  by  2J;  and  comprises  4291  acres. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £10,312.  Pop. 
583.  The  surface  includes  part  of 
Kinnoul  Hill,  consists  largely  of  other 
portions  of  the  Sidlaws,  descends  thence 
towards  Carse  of  Gowrie,  and  includes  a 
flat  tract  along  the  Tay.  Kinfauns  Castle, 
at  1\  miles  east-south-east  of  Perth,  is  a 
splendid  edifice  of  1822,  and  has  rich  sur- 
roundings of  wood,  slope,  hill,  and  crag. 
Other  seats  are  Seggieden,  Glencarse,  and 
Glendoig.  The  churches  are  Established 
and  Free.    The  public  school  has  about 

KINGAIRLO CH,  district,  about  12  miles 
long,  on  north-west  side  of  Loch  Linnhe, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Strontian,  and  a  public  school. 

KINGARTH,  parish,  comprising  southern 
part  of  Bute  Island,  Buteshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Bothesay,  and  contains 
the  villages  of  Ascog,  Kilchattan-Bay, 
Kerrycroy,  and  Piperhall.  Its  length 
is  6r?  miles  ;  its  mean  breadth  about  1\ 
miles  ;  its  area  8995  acres.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £9943.  Pop.  1260.  About 
4315  acres  are  arable,  about  940  are  under 
wood,  and  the  rest  of  the  land  is  pastoral 
or  moorish.  A  chief  feature  is  the 
Marquis  of  Bute's  seat  of  Mount  Stuart. 
The  churches  are  1  Established  and  2  Free. 
There  are  3  schools  for  234  scholars,  and  1 
of  them  and  a  class-room  for  75  are  new. 

KINGCASE,  ruined  ancient  lepers' 
hospital,  near  Prestwick,  Ayrshire. 

KINGCAUSIE,  seat  in  Maryculter  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

KING-EDWARD,  parish,  with  railway 
station,  4%  miles  north  of  Turriff,  on  north- 
west border  of  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Banff,  and  it  contains  the 
post  office  village  of  Newby  th,  and  includes 
most  of  Newbyth  quoad  sacra  parish.  Its 
length  is  9  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth, 
including  a  slightly  detached  district  on 
the  north,  is  6^  miles  ;  and  its  area  is 
18,570  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£13,820.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3064 ;  quoad 
sacra,  1164.  The  river  Deveron  traces 
most  of  the  western  boundary  ;  and  the 
rivulet  King-Edward  runs  about  9  miles 
westward  to  it,  at  about  4  miles  from 
Banff.  The  land  is  partly  a  vale  along 
that  rivulet,  and  mostly  an  assemblage  of 
low  grounds  and  considerable  eminences. 
Chief  seats  are  Montcoffer  and  Eden ;  and 
the  chief  antiquity  is  a  ruined  baronial 
fortalice  called  King-Edward  Castle.  The 
parochial  church  stands  about  If  mile 


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269 


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from  the  western  boundary ;  an  Established 
church  and  a  Free  Church  preaching- 
station  are  at  Newbyth  ;  and  a  Congrega- 
tional church  is  at  Millseat.  Six  schools 
for  649  scholars  are  in  the  quoad  sacra 
parishes  of  King-Edward  and  Newbyth, 
and  2  of  them  and  enlargements  for  365 
are  new. 

KINGENNIE,  railway  station  and  estate 
in  north  of  Monifieth  parish,  Forfarshire. 

KINGERLOCH.    See  Kingairloch. 

KINGHORN,  town  and  parish  on  south 
coast  of  Fife.  The  town  stands  on  a 
slope,  3J  miles  south-by-Avest  of  Kirk- 
caldy; adjoins  the  headland  of  King- 
hornness,  projecting  to  the  south ;  dates 
from  remote  times,  and  had  anciently  a 
royal  castle ;  sank  into  mean  condition,  but 
underwent  modern  renovation;  acquired 
in  1878-79  a  powerful  battery,  to  co-operate 
with  the  fortifications  on  Inchkeith,  in 
defence  of  Firth  of  Forth ;  is  a  royal 
burgb,  uniting  with  Kirkcaldy,  Dysart, 
and  Burntisland  in  sending  a  member  to 
Parliament ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Fifeshire,  a  railway  station, 
a  bunking  office,  a  town  hall,  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  capacity  for  400 
scholars.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £5691. 
Pop.  1790. — The  parish  contains  also  a 
suburb  of  Kirkcaldy  and  the  harbour  of 
Pettycur ;  includes  Inchkeith  Island ; 
measures,  on  the  mainland,  about  4f 
miles  by  3| ;  and  comprises  5212  acres. 
Peal  property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£11,627.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3650 ;  quoad 
sacra,  2680.  The  surface  rises  in  some 
parts  abruptly,  in  other  parts  gradually, 
from  the  shore  ;  and  it  exhibits  elsewhere 
a  pleasing  diversity  of  feature  upward  to 
a  culminating  hill  about  600  feet  high. 
The  seats  are  Kilrie,  Glassmount,  Abden, 
and  Balmuto.  Established  and  Free 
churches  are  in  Invertiel. 

KINGLASSIE,  village  and  parish  in 
Kirkcaldy  district,  Fife.  The  village 
stands  on  Lochty  rivulet,  2^  miles  south- 
west of  Leslie,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Kirkcaldy,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  197  scholars. 
Pop.  351. — The  parish  contains  also  small 
part  of  Leslie  town,  measures  4^  by  2f 
miles,  and  comprises  7717  acres.  Peal 
property  in  1880-81,  £12,223.  Pop. ,  quoad 
civilia,  1292;  quoad  sacra,  1222.  The 
Leven  traces  the  northern  boundary,  the 
Lochty  traverses  the  west  centre,  and 
the  Ore  traces  part  of  the  southern  bound- 
ary. The  land  adjacent  to  the  streams  is 
flat,  and  thence  rises  into  three  successive 
ridges  of  various  gradient  and  height.  A 
country  seat  of  an  extensive  landowner  is 
the  chief  residence  ;  a  lofty  tower  of  1812 
on  a  hill  summit  is  a  conspicuous  object ; 
and  a  small  sculptured  pillar,  supposed  to 
be  Danish,  is  the  chief  antiquity.  A  large 
public  school  is  at  Cluny. 

KINGLEDOORS,  burn  and  site  of  ancient 


chapel  in  Drummelzier  parish,  Peebles- 
i  shire. 

KINGOLDRUM.  village  and  parish  in 
west  of  Forfarshire.  The  village  stands 
4  miles  west-by-north  of  Kirriemuir  ;  con- 
tains the  parochial  church  and  a  public 
school;  and  has  Kirriemuir  as  its  post 
town. — The  parish  measures  6J  by  3  miles, 
and  comprises  9619  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £7150.  Pop.  389.  The  southern 
section  lies  about  600  feet  above  sea-level, 
and  the  northern  one  consists  of  part  of 
Benchinnan  Mountains,  and  culminates  on 
the  summit  of  Catlaw.  The  seats  are 
Baldovie  and  Pearsie  ;  and  the  antiquities 
are  a  large  cairn  on  Catlaw,  two  Cale- 
donian stone  circles,  and  the  ruined  castle 
of  Balfour. 

KINGOODIE,  village  and  famous  sand- 
stone quarries  on  Firth  of  Tay,  3|  miles 
west  of  Dundee. 

KINGOODIE,  hill  in  Bourtie  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

KINGPOOL,  place  at  conflux  of  Black 
Esk  and  White  Esk,  Dumfriesshire. 

KINGSBARNS,  village  and  parish  on 
east  coast  of  Fife.  The  village  stands  3 
miles  north-north-west  of  Crail;  got  its 
name  from  a  quondam  royal  granary ; 
and  has  a  post  office  under  St.  Andrews, 
a  church  with  650  sittings,  and  a  public- 
school  with  about  107  scholars.  Pop.  389. 
— The  parish  measures  3J  miles  by  2^, 
and  comprises  4074  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £9559.  Pop.  795.  The  shore  is. 
low  and  rocky,  and  the  interior  rises  slowly 
to  the  eastern  boundary.  The  seats  are 
Kingsbarns  House,  Cambo,  and  Pitmilly. 

KINGSBECK,  burn  in  Culter  parish,. 
Lanarkshire. 

KINGSBURGH,  seat,  6  miles  south  of 
Uig  village,  Isle  of  Skye.  It  was  a  retreat 
of  Prince  Charles  Edward  after  the  battle 
of  Culloden. 

KING'S  CAIRN,  place,  3J  miles  north- 
by- west  of  Anstruther,  Fife. 

KING'S  CAIRN,  cairn-crowned  eminence 
in  Rathven  parish,  Banffshire. 

KING'S  CAUSEWAY,  rough  footpath 
across  a  moor  in  Tain  parish,  Ross-shire. 
King  James  v.  travelled  along  it  barefoot 
on  a  pilgrimage  to  St.  Duthus  sanctuary. 

KING'S  CAVE,  retreat  of  King  Robert 
Bruce  within  a  cliff  on  Drimadown  Bay, 
in  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

KINGSCAVIE,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Linlithgow  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

KING'S  CRAIG,  ivy-clad  rock,  death- 
place  of  King  Alexander  III.,  about  a  mile 
west  of  Kinghorn,  Fife. 

KING'S  CROSS,  headland  and  hamlet 
between  Lamlash  and  Whiting  bays  in 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  The  hamlet  has 
a  post  office  under  Lamlash. 

KING'S  CROSS,  stone  said  to  have  held 
the  royal  Scottish  standard  at  an  ancient 
battle,  H  mile  north-west  of  Dundee. 

KINGSDALE,  seat  in  Kennoway  parish, 
Fife. 

KING'S  DYKES,  hill,  with  vestiges  of 


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270 


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Roman  camp,  in  Fetteresso  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

KINGSEAT,  village  in  Dunfermline  par- 
ish, Fife.    Pop.  724. 

KINGSFORD,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Sbewarton  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KING'S  FOREST,  ancient  royal  hunting- 
ground  in  Kells  parish,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

KING'S  HAUGH,  place  in  Forteviot  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

KING'S  HAUGH,  place,  said  to  have 
been  site  of  a  royal  palace,  in  Cabrach 
parish,  Banffshire. 

KING'S  HILL,  isolated  eminence,  extend- 
ing from  Mauchry  Bay  to  Drimadown 
Bay,  on  west  coast  of  Arran  Island,  Bute- 
shire. 

KING'S  HOLM,  field  adjacent  to  the 
Nith  in  southern  vicinity  of  Dumfries. 

KING'S  HOUSE,  place,  with  railway  sta- 
tion and  inn,  lOf  miles  north-north- west  of 
Callander,  Perthshire. 

KING'S  HOUSE,  place  with  inn,  amid 
wild  high  moorland,  18  miles  north-by- 
east  of  Dalmally,  Argyleshire. 

RINGSIDE,  farm,  with  site  of  hunting- 
seat  of  King  James  VI.,  in  Eddlestone 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

KING'S  INCH,  quondam  island  in  the 
Clyde,  now  forming  Elderslie  demesne, 
adjacent  to  Renfrew.    It  contained  a  royal 

KING'S  INCH,  small  tract,  distinctively 
different  from  surrounding  heath,  in 
Channelkirk  parish,  Berwickshire. 

KING'S  ISLAND,  islet  in  Loch  Laggan, 
Inverness-shire. 

KINGSKETTLE.    See  Kettle. 

KING'S  KNOT,  symmetrical  octagonal 
mound  on  low  ground  adjacent  to  south 
skirt  of  Castle  rock,  Stirling.  It  was 
formed  by  King  James  I. ,  and  long  used  for 
some  royal  game. 

KINGSKNOWE,  railway  station,  3  miles 
south-west  of  Edinburgh. 

KING'S  LAW,  hill  in  Carluke  parish, 
Ltii  i  sliirc 

KINGSMEADOWS,  seat  of  Sir  Robert 
Hay,  Bart.,  on  right  bank  of  the  Tweed, 
in  vicinity  of  Peebles. 

KINGSMUIR,  hamlet  on  south  border 
of  Forfar  parish,  Forfarshire.  It  has  a 
railway  station,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  52  scholars. 

KINGSMUIR,  estate  on  south  border  of 
Dunino  parish,  Fife. 

KING'S  PASS,  picturesque  defile  be- 
tween Craigiebarns  and  King's  Seat,  in 
vicinity  of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire. 

KING'S  PATH,  acclivitous  rock,  with 
ancient  cut  path  to  its  summit,  in  Nigg 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

KING'S  SEAT,  rocky,  wooded,  pictur- 
esque hill  in  vicinity  of  Dunkeld,  Perth- 
shire. 

KING'S  SEAT,  one  of  the  Ochil  Hills, 
in  Dollar  parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

KING'S  SEAT,  eminence  near  Clack- 
mannan town,  Clackmannanshire. 


KING'S  SEAT,  one  of  the  Sidlaw  Hills, 
in  Abernyte  parish,  Perthshire. 

KING'S  SEAT,  lofty  picturesque  hill, 
adjacent  to  the  Ericht,  in  Alyth  parish, 
Perthshire. 

KING'S  SEAT,  eminence  in  Oathlaw 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

KING'S  SEAT,  cairn-crowned  hill  on 
mutual  border  of  Garvock  and  Benholm 
parishes,  Kincardineshire. 

KING'S  SONS,  sunken  rock,  about  a 
mile  long,  near  Nigg  coast,  Ross-shire. 

KINGSTON,  suburb  of  Glasgow,  with 
quoad  sacra  parish  containing  Established 
and  Free  churches,  on  south  bank  of  the 
Clyde,  contiguous  to  west  side  of  Trades- 
ton.    Pop.  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  6928. 

KINGSTON,  village,  7  miles  north  of 
Haddington.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
North  Berwick. 

KINGSTON,  seaport  village  at  mouth  of 
the  Spey,  between  Garmouth  and  the  sea, 
in  Elginshire.    Pop.  326. 

KINGSWELLS,  place  in  Newhills  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  Free  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  74  scholars. 

KINGUSSIE,  village  and  parish  in 
Badenoch  district,  Inverness-shire.  The 
village  stands  on  the  Spey,  44J  miles  by 
road,  but  72£  by  railway,  south-by-east  of 
Inverness ;  was  founded  on  the  precincts 
of  an  ancient  monastery,  about  the  end  of 
last  century ;  came  recently  into  notice  as 
a  desirable  resort  of  summer  rusticators ; 
was  designed  in  1880  to  acquire  drainage 
and  waterworks;  is  adjacent  to  an  emi- 
nence crowned  by  the  ruin  of  a  Government 
barrack,  and  commanding  an  extensive 
view ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
a  railway  station,  2  banking  offices,  a 
hotel,  a  court-house,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
215  scholars.  Pop.  645.  —  The  parish 
contains  also  the  villages  of  Ralia  and 
Newtownmore,  includes  the  quoad  sacra 
parish  of  Insch,  and  measures  about  21 
miles  by  18.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£15,011.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1987;  quoad 
sacra,  1590.  The  surface  includes  a  reach 
of  the  Spey's  valley  averagely  about  850  feet 
above  sea-level,  and  rises  thence,  on  the  one 
side,  to  summit-line  of  Central  Grampians, 
on  the  other  side,  to  summit-line  of  Mon- 
adhleadh  Mountains.  A  chief  residence  is 
Belleville.  An  Established  church  is  at 
Insch.  Six  schools  for  500  scholars  are  in 
the  parish,  and  4  of  them  for  300  are  new. 

KINHARVEY,  seat  in  Newabbey  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KINK,  hill  in  Oxnam  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

KINKELL,  place  on  the  Earn,  3  miles 
north-north-west  of  Auchterarder,  Perth- 
shire. It  has  a  bridge  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church. 

KINKELL,  ancient  parish,  now  united 
to  Keithhall,  Aberdeenshire. 

KINKELL,  coast  cavern  about  a  mile 
east  of  St.  Andrews,  Fife. 


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271 


KIN 


KINKELL,  section  of  upland  part  of 
Fordoun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

KINKELL,  old  castle,  4  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Dingwall,  Ross-shire. 

KINLOCH,  parish  contiguous  to  west 
side  of  Blairgowrie  parish,  Perthshire.  It 
measures  9  miles  in  length  and  2\  in 
greatest  breadth ;  and  it  is  annexed  to 
Lethendy,  lying  detached  from  it  to  the 
south.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4331. 
The  surface  for  2£  miles  from  the  south  is 
flat,  and  it  thence,  till  within  a  mile  of 
Airdle  rivulet,  rises  in  gentle  regular 
ascent.  The  chief  residence  is  Marlee, 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  Glasscune 
Castle  and  Haercairns  tumuli.  The  public 
school  has  about  47  scholars. 

KINLOCH,  village  in  Collessie  parish, 
Fife. 

KINLOCH,  seat  in  Meigle  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

KINLOCH,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Morvern  parish,  Argyleshire. 

KINLOCH,  rivulet  entering  head  of  Kyle 
of  Tongue,  Sutherland. 

KINLOCHALINE,  old  turreted  castle  at 
head  of  Loch  Aline,  in  Morvern  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

KINLOCHARD,  place  at  head  of  Loch 
Ard,  in  Aberfoyle  parish,  Perthshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Stirling. 

KINLOCH-AYLORT,  hamlet,  with  inn,  in 
Arasaig  district,  Inverness-shire. 

KINLOCH-BERVIE,  hamlet  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  on  west  coast  of  Sutherland. 
The  hamlet  lies  on  Loch  Inch  ard,  9  miles 
north-by-east  of  Scourie,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Lairg,  and  Established  and 
Free  churches. — The  parish  was  consti- 
tuted in  1846.    Pop.  920. 

KINLOCHEWE,  hamlet  at  head  of  Loch 
Maree,  42^  miles  west  of  Dingwall,  Ross- 
shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Auch- 
nasheen,  and  an  inn. 

KINLOCH-KERRAN.  See  Campbelton, 
Argyleshire. 

KINLOCH-LOCHY,  place  at  head  of 
Loch  Lochy,  Great  Glen,  Inverness- 
shire. 

KINLOCH -LUICHART,  quoad  sacra 
parish,  with  church,  on  north  side  of  Loch 
Luichart,  20^  miles  west  of  Dingwall, 
Ross-shire.    Pop.  632. 

KINLOCH-MOIDART,  hamlet  and  seat 
at  head  of  Loch  Moidart,  in  south-west 
extremity  of  Inverness-shire.  The  hamlet 
has  a  post  office  under  Salen,  and  an 
Episcopalian  church. 

KINLOCHMORE,  place  at  head  of  Loch 
Leven,  on  mutual  border  of  Inverness-shire 
and  Argyleshire. 

KINLOCH-RANNOCH,  hamlet  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  in  Breadalbane,  Perthshire. 
The  hamlet  lies  at  foot  of  Loch  Rannoch, 
and  has  a  good  inn,  a  church,  and  a  public 
school.    Pop.  of  the  parish,  894. 

KINLOCH-SNIZORT,  place,  with  inn,  at 
head  of  Loch  Snizort,  13  miles  west-north- 
west of  Portree,  Isle  of  Skye. 

KINLOCH-SPELVIE,  quoad  sacra  parish 


in  south-east  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 
It  was  constituted  in  3845,  and  it  has  a 
church  of  1828,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  50  scholars.    Pop.  302. 

KINLOSS,  village  and  parish  on  coast  of 
Elginshire.  The  village  stands  1\  mile 
north  of  railway  station  of  its  own  name, 
at  3  miles  east-north-east  of  Forres,  gives 
the  title  of  baron  to  the  Earl  of  Elgin, 
and  has  an  Established  church,  a  Free 
church,  vestiges  of  an  abbey  of  1150,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  81  scholars. — 
The  parish  contains  also  the  post  office 
village  of  Findhorn,  measures  between  3 
and  4  miles  in  both  length  and  breadth, 
and  comprises  5184  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £7980.  Pop.  1072.  The  coast 
is  low  and  the  interior  is  flat.  The  chief 
seats  are  Grange  Hall  and  Seapark.  There 
are  2  public  schools  for  214  scholars,  and 
1  of  them  and  a  class-room  for  156  are 
new. 

KINMOUNT,  seat  of  the  Marquis  of 
Queensberry  in  Cummertrees  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

KINMUCK,  hamlet  and  moor  in  Keith- 
hall  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  The  hamlet 
has  a  post  office  under  Inverury,  and  the 
moor  has  the  remains  of  an  ancient  camp, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  the  scene  of  a 
great  battle  between  the  Danes  and  the 
Scotch. 

KINNAIRD,  hamlet  and  parish  in  east 
of  Perthshire.  The  hamlet  lies  2|  miles 
north-west  of  Inchture,  and  has  a  modern 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  85 
scholars.  The  parish  contains  also  four 
other  hamlets,  and  its  post  town  is  Inch- 
ture; and  it  gives  the  peerage  title  of 
baron  to  the  family  of  Kinnaird,  whose 
seat — Rossie  Priory — is  in  Inchture  parish. 
Its  length  is  nearly  3  miles ;  its  breadth 
about  2  miles ;  its  area  3498  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £3424.  Pop.  260. 
The  smaller  part  of  the  land  is  in  Carse  of 
Gowrie,  the  larger  part  in  Carse  Braes. 
Kinnaird  Castle  is  a  stately  structure  of 
12th  century,  belonged  for  a  time  to  the 
Crown,  belongs  now  to  Sir  Patrick  M. 
Threipland,  Bart.,  and  was  externally 
renovated  from  a  ruined  state  in  1855. 

KINNAIRD,  ancient  parish,  now  divided 
between  Farnell  and  Brechin,  Forfarshire. 
Kinnaird  Castle  here  is  the  seat  of  the  Earl 
of  Southesk. 

KINNAIRD,  village  in  north-eastern 
vicinity  of  Carron  ironworks,  Stirlingshire. 
Kinnaird  House,  a  little  to  the  north, 
was  the  seat  and  death -place  of  the 
Abyssinian  traveller,  Bruce. 

KINNAIRD,  seat,  A\  miles  north-north- 
west of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire.  It  occupies 
a  romantic  site,  and  belongs  to  the  Duke 
of  Athole. 

KINNAIRD,  hamlet  in  Moulin  parish, 
Perthshire. 

KINNAIRD,  promontory  adjacent  to 
Fraserburgh,  Aberdeenshire.  A  light- 
house is  on  it,  with  fixed  light  visible 
at  the  distance  of  17  nautical  miles. 


272 


KIN 


KINNEAR,  estate  in  Kilmany  parish, 
Fife. 

KINNEDER.    See  Kinedee. 

KINNEFF,  hamlet  and  parish  on  coast 
of  Kincardineshire.  The  hamlet  lies  2 
miles  north-north-east  of  Bervie,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Stonehaven,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  131  scholars. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  the  village  of  Caterline,  measures 
about  5  miles  by  4,  and  comprises  7130 
acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £8725. 
Pop.  997.  The  coast  is  all  a  range  of 
clitf,  about  ISO  feet  high,  and  the  interior 
has  a  diversity  from  low  to  hilly.  Vestiges 
exist  of  three  old  castles  and  two  old 
chapels.  The  Scottish  regalia,  in  the 
time  of  Cromwell,  were  hidden  beneath 
the  pulpit  of  the  parochial  church.  There 
are  4  schools  for  332  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  for  60  is  new. 

KINNEIL,  village  and  ancient  parish,  now 
part  of  Borrowstownness,  Linlithgowshire. 
Pop.  of  the  village,  373.  Kinneil  House  is 
a  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Hamilton. 

KINNEL,  river,  running  about  19  miles 
south  -  south  -  eastward  to  the  Annan  at 
1^  mile  north-east  of  Lochmaben,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

KINNELHEAD,  place,  with  site  of  ancient 
fortalice,  in  Kirkpatrick  -  Juxta  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

KINNELL,  parish,  with  church,  on  Lunan 
river,  7  miles  north-north-west  of  Ar- 
broath, Forfarshire.  Its  post  town  is 
Arbroath.  Its  greatest  length  is  4f  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  2|  miles ;  its  area 
6577  acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81, 
£9313.  Pop.  696.  The  surface  rises 
gradually  northward  from  the  Lunan,  and 
includes  Bolshan  Hill  and  part  of  Mon- 
rithmont  Moor.  The  public  school  is 
new,  and  has  capacity  for  148  scholars. 

KINNELL,  seat  in  Killin  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

KINNESHEAD.    See  Kennishead. 

KINNESSWOOD,  village  on  east  side  of 
Loch  Leven,  5  miles  by  road  from  Kin- 
ross. 

KINNETHMONT.    See  Kennethmont. 

KINNETTAS,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Fodderty,  Eoss-shire. 

KINNETTLES,  village  and  parish  in 
Forfarshire.  The  village  stands  3  miles 
south-west  of  Forfar,  was  founded  in  1813, 
and  has  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  112  scholars. 
— The  parish  contains  also  the  post  office 
village  of  Douglastown,  measures  about  3j 
miles  by  2£,  and  comprises  2860  acres. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £6236.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  386  ;  quoad  sacra,  418.  The 
surface  consists  of  part  of  Strathmore,  an 
oblong  hill  about  356  feet  high,  and  a  valley 
among  the  Sidlaws.  The  seats  are  Kinnettles 
House,  Invereighty,  Brigton,  and  Ingliston. 

KINNIEL.    See  Kinneil. 

KINNIEUCHAR.    See  KlLCONQDHAE. 

KINNING-PARK,  suburb  of  Glasgow  on 
south  side  of  the  Clyde,  between  Gorbals 


and  Govan.  It  is  entirely  modern,  was 
constituted  a  police  burgh  in  1871,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  depart- 
ment, under  Glasgow,  a  banking  office, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  1064  scholars. 
Pop.  11,552. 

KINNINMONTH,  quoad  sacra  parish  a 
short  distance  north  of  Mintlaw,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  has  a  church  with  360 
sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
85  scholars.    Pop.  1116. 

KINNINMONTH,  estate,  with  building- 
stone  quarry,  in  Ceres  parish,  Fife. 

KINNOIR.    See  Kinoee. 

KINNORD,  lake  at  north-west  corner  of 
Dinnat  Moor,  to  the  north-west  of  Aboyne, 
Aberdeenshire. 

KINNORDY,  seat,  1J  mile  north-west  of 
Kirriemuir,  Forfarshire.  It  was  the  resi- 
dence of  the  geologist  Sir  Charles  Lyell. 

KINNOUL,  parish  containing  Bridgend 
suburb  and  Inchyra  and  Balbeggie  villages, 
adjacent  to  east  side  of  Perth.  It  com- 
prises five  parts  in  four  mutually  detached 
sections,  includes  a  considerable  portion  of 
Perth  parliamentary  burgh,  and  gives  the 
title  of  earl  to  the  family  of  Hay.  Its 
greatest  length,  measured  across  intersec- 
tions, is  12  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  4 
miles  ;  its  area  3646  acres.  Eeal  pro- 
perty of  landward  part  in  1880-81,  £7448. 
Pop.  of  the  whole,  3461.  The  principal 
part,  containing  Bridgend  suburb  and  the 
parochial  church,  is  separated  from  Perth 
city  by  only  the  Tay ;  rises  rapidly  to  the 
summit  of  Kinnoul  Hill,  at  a  height  of 
632  feet  above  the  Tay's  level ;  presents, 
on  that  hill's  skirts  and  slopes,  a  rich 
display  of  villas,  ornate  buildings,  wood, 
and  walks  ;  and  commands,  from  the  upper 
part,  a  wide  extent  of  highly  picturesque 
view.  The  other  parts  are  Balthayock, 
Murrayshall,  Balbeggie,  and  Inchyra  ;  and, 
excepting  that  the  last  of  these  extends 
into  upper  end  of  Carse  of  Gowrie,  they 
consist  chiefly  of  slopes  and  summits  of 
the  Sidlaw  Hills.  Chief  seats  are  Bell- 
wood,  Murrayshall,  Barnhill,  Inchyra, 
and  Balthayock  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
the  site  and  remains  of  two  old  castles.  A 
United  Presbyterian  church  is  in  Balbeggie. 
A  large  public  school  is  in  Bridgend,  and  a 
small  one  is  in  Balbeggie. 

KINNOUL,  hill  in  Craig  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

KINORE,  or  KINNOIR,  ancient  parish, 
now  part  of  Huntly,  Aberdeenshire.  It 
has  a  public  school  with  about  47 
scholars. 

KINPIRNIE.    See  Kilpienie. 

KINRARA,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Eich- 
mond  in  Alvie  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

KINRIVE.    See  Keneive. 

KINROSS,  town  and  parish  in  Kinross- 
shire.  The  town  stands  at  west  side  of 
Loch  Leven,  25  miles  north-east  of  Stir- 
ling ;  figured  prominently  in  the  time  of 
Alexander  III.  ;  declined  into  very  mean 
condition,  but  underwent  modern  revival 


KTN 


273 


KIP 


and  improvement ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  3  banking  offices,  a  county  hall  of 
1826,  a  parochial  church  of  1832,  a  Free 
church,  2  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
an  Episcopalian  church,  and  2  public 
schools  with  about  410  scholars.  Pop. 
1960.  —  Tbe  parish  measures  about  4f 
miles  by  3|,  and  comprises  7275  acres. 
Keal  property  in  1880-81,  £16,706.  Pop. 
2492.  The  surface  lies  all  on  a  base  of 
about  360  feet  above  sea-level,  but  rises 
nowhere  higher  than  about  100  feet  or  less 
above  the  level  of  Loch  Leven.  Kinross 
House  was  erected  in  1685  for  the  Duke 
of  York,  afterwards  James  VTL,  and  belongs 
now  to  Sir  Graham  G.  Montgomery,  Bart. 
There  are  3  schools  for  436  scholars,  and 
part  of  1  of  them  for  175  is  new. 

KINROSSIE,  village  in  Collace  parish, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Perth. 

KINROSS-SHIRE,  small  county  around 
Loch  Leven.  It  forms  the  head  of  the 
great  peninsula  between  Firth  of  Tay  and 
Firth  of  Forth  ;  and  it  measures  12  miles 
in  length,  9f  miles  in  breadth,  and  78 
square  miles  in  area.  Portions  of  the 
Ochil,  the  Lomond,  the  Benarty,  and  the 
Cleish  hills  form  most  of  its  boundaries 
and  borders  ;  and  Loch  Leven  and  the 
Laigh — the  latter  chiefly  comprised  in 
Kinross  parish — occupy  its  centre.  Its 
general  appearance,  though  nowhere  very 
striking,  presents  charming  features.  The 
streams  are  all  small.  Limestone  and 
good  sandstone  abound.  Agriculture  was 
late  toward  modern  improvement,  but 
made  rapid  progress.  The  only  towns  are 
Kinross  and  Milnathort,  and  the  only 
villages  with  each  more  than  300  inhabi- 
tants are  Kinnesswood  and  part  of  Keltie. 
The  county  unites  with  Clackmannan  in 
sending  a  member  to  Parliament.  Eeal 
property  in  1880-81,  £68,793.  Pop.  in 
1871,  7198 ;  in  1881,  6698. 

KINTAIL,  parish,  containing  Dornie  post 
office  village  and  Bundalloch  fishing  vil- 
lage, in  south-west  of  Boss-shire.  It  has 
a  post  office  of  its  own  name  under  Loch- 
alsh.  It  extends  east-north-eastward  from 
forking  of  Loch  Alsh  into  Loch  Long  and 
Loch  Duich,  and  it  measures  about  18 
miles  by  6.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£5760.  Pop.  688.  Nearly  all  the  in- 
habited and  cultivated  land  lies  along  the 
shore.  The  interior  parts  are  wildly  and 
loftily  upland,  rise  to  heights  of  from  2730 
to  3772  feet  above  sea-level,  exhibit  scenes 
of  imposing  grandeur,  and  form  in  many 
respects  a  great  natural  fastness.  A  chief 
mountain  is  Tallochaxd,  a  wonderful  water- 
fall is  Glomach,  and  an  interesting  an- 
tiquity is  Ellandonan  Castle.  A  Boman 
Catholic  church  is  at  Domie.  Four  schools 
for  247  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of 
them  and  a  class-room  for  75  are  new. 

KINTAILEN,  bay  on  east  side  of  Loch 
Linnhe.  in  Appin,  Argyleshire. 

KINTARBERT,  seat  on  south-east  side 
of  West  Loch  Tarbert  Argyleshire. 


KENTESSACK,  village  in  Dyke  parish, 
Elginshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Forres,  and  a  public  school  with  about  59 
scholars. 

KINTILLO.    See  Kintulloch. 

RTNTORE,  village  and  parish  in  Garioch 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village  stands 
near  the  Don,  14  miles  north-west  of 
Aberdeen  ;  is  an  ancient  royal  burgh  ; 
unites  with  Inverury,  Peterhead,  Banff, 
Cullen,  and  Elgin  in  sending  a  member  to 
Parliament ;  gives  the  titles  of  baron  and 
earl  to  the  family  of  Keith-Falconer  ;  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  Aber- 
deenshire, a  railway  station,  a  banking 
office,  a  town  hall,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
167  scholars.  Beal  property  in  18S0-S1, 
£2582.  Pop.  661. — The  parish  contains 
also  Port-Elphinstone,  measures  about  6 
miles  by  fully  3,  and  comprises  9092  acres. 
Beal  property  of  landward  part  in  1880-S1, 
£7479.  Pop.  2327.  The  surface  is  flat 
along  the  Don,  and  rises  thence  unevenly 
to  a  maximum  height  of  about  141  feet. 
The  chief  residence  is  Thainston,  and  the 
chief  antiquity  is  the  mined  castle  of 
Hall-Forest.  There  are  3  schools  for  473 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  250  is 
new. 

KINTRA,  village  at  head  of  Loch  Craig- 
nish,  15  miles  north-north-west  of  Loch- 
gilphead, Argyleshire.  It  has  a  good 
inn. 

KINTRA,  bay  at  north-eastern  extremity 
of  Ardnamurchan  peninsula,  Argyle- 
shire. 

E3NTRADWELL,  small  bay  and  estate 
in  Loth  parish,  Sutherland. 

KINTULLOCH,  village  in  Dunbarnie 
parish,  Perthshire. 

KINTURE,  bay  near  middle  of  east  side 
of  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

KINTYRE,  peninsular  district  in  ex- 
treme south  of  Argyleshire.  It  is  divided 
from  Knapdale  by  the  Lochs  Tarbert  and 
the  narrow  isthmus  between  them  ;  it  was 
long  regarded  as  practically  an  island 
belonging  to  the  Hebrides  ;  it  flanks  the 
west  side  of  lower  part  of  Loch  Fyne  and 
of  all  the  Firth  of  Clyde  thence  to  the 
North  Channel ;  it  measures  about  40 
miles  in  length,  and  about  6 J  miles  in 
mean  breadth  ;  it  exhibits  a  ridge  of  hill 
and  mountain  along  its  middle,  and  slopes 
and  low  seaboard  along  its  sides  ;  it  com- 
prises a  larger  proportion  of  arable  land 
than  is  found  in  any  other  tract  of  similar 
extent  in  the  Highlands ;  and  it  terminates 
at  the  North  Channel  in  bold  broad  pro- 
montory of  Mull  of  Kintyre,  crowned  by  a 
lighthouse  with  fixed  light  visible  at  the 
distance  of  24  nautical  miles. 

KINVAID,  quondam  old  castle  in 
Monedie  parish,  Perthshire. 

KIP,  rivulet,  running  4£  miles  south- 
westward  to  Firth  of  Clyde,  in  Innerkip 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

KIP,  curious  rocky  eminence,  midway 
S 


KIP 


274 


KIR 


between  Ayton  and  Eyemouth,  Berwick- 
shire. 

KIPLAW,  hill  in  Linton  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

KIPP,  artificial  mound,  with  old  monu- 
mental stone,  in  Eckford  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

KIPP  (EAST  and  WEST),  two  summits 
at  middle  part  of  Pentland  Hills,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

KIPPEN,  village  and  parish  in  Stirling- 
shire and  Perthshire.  The  village  stands 
9|-  miles  west  of  Stirling,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Stirling,  a  railway 
station,  a  public  hall  of  1878,  a  parochial 
church  of  1825,  a  Free  church  of  1879, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  94 
scholars.  Pop.  330. — The  parish  contains 
also  the  villages  of  Buchlyvie,  Shirgarton, 
Cauldhame,  and  Arnprior.  Its  length  is 
6^  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  4  miles  ; 
its  area  6342  acres  in  Stirlingshire,  and 
4914  in  Perthshire.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £9077  and  £4603.  Pop.  1449. 
The  Forth  moves  slowly  along  all  the 
northern  boundary,  and  Boquhan  burn 
flows  to  it  on  the  east.  The  northern 
section  of  the  land  is  carse,  and  the 
southern  section  is  mostly  low  plateau, 
partly  a  moor.  Several  landowners  are 
resident,  and  several  places  indicate,  by 
name  or  feature,  much  ancient  disturb- 
ance by  warfare.  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches  are  in 
Buchlyvie.  Four  schools  for  393  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  2  of  them  for  220 
are  new. 

KIPPENDAVIE,  seat  in  Dunblane  parish, 
Perthshire. 

KIPPENROSS,  seat  in  southern  vicinity 
of  Dunblane,  Perthshire. 

KIPPERMINSHOCK,  estate  in  Cardross 
parish.  Dumbartonshire. 

KIPPET,  gravel  -  ridge,  intersecting 
Slains  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

KIPPFORD,  place,  4  miles  from  Dal- 
beattie, Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Dalbeattie. 

KIPPILAW,  seat  in  Bowden  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

KIPPOCHILL,  small  northern  suburb  of 
Glasgow. 

KIPPS,  hill  and  peel-like  mansion  in 
Torphichen  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

KIPPS,  lofty  hill  in  Temple  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

KIRAPOL.    See  Kiekapol. 

KIRBISTER,  lake  in  Orphir  parish, 
Orkney. 

KIRBISTER,  small  headland  on  north 
side  of  Deerness,  Orkney. 

KIRBISTER,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Stronsay  parish,  Orkney. 

KIRDALS,  estate  in  Knockando  parish, 
Elginshire. 

KIRK,  village  in  Lundie  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

KIRK,  hill,  850  feet  high,  6  miles  north- 
east of  Girvan,  Ayrshire. 


KIRK,  lake  adjacent  to  Lochmaben, 
Dumfriesshire. 

KIRK,  burn  in  Broughton  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

KIRK,  burn  in  Traquair  parish,  Peebles- 
shire. 

KIRK,  burn  in  Mearns  parish,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

KIRKAIG,  rivulet,  entering  the  sea  at  3 
miles  south-south-east  of  Lochinver,  on 
west  coast  of  Sutherland. 

KIRKANDREWS,  ancient  parish,  with 
ruined  church  and  site  of  considerable 
ancient  village,  now  in  Borgue,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

KIRKAPOL,  bay  and  hamlet  on  north- 
west of  Tyree  Island,  Argyleshire.  The 
bay  is  about  2  miles  wide  and  2  miles 
long,  and  the  hamlet  has  a  public  school 
with  about  83  scholars. 

KIRKBANK,  place,  4|  miles  south-west 
of  Kelso,  Roxburgh.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Kelso,  and  a  railway  station. 

KIRKBEAN,  village  and  parish  in  south- 
east extremity  of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The 
village  stands  on  the  coast,  12  miles  south 
of  Dumfries,  is  beautiful  in  both  situation 
and  structure,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Dumfries,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  109  scholars. 
— The  parish  contains  also  Oarsethorn, 
Southerness,  and  Prestonmill  villages, 
measures  5  miles  by  3f,  and  comprises 
7937  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£9560.  Pop.  790.  The  coast  makes  a 
great  sweep  round  Southerness  Point,  has 
an  extent  of  about  10  miles,  and  is  mostly 
low  and  silty.  The  north-west  corner  is 
occupied  by  part  of  Criffel  Mountain,  and 
the  interior  declines  thence  to  the  shore, 
and  presents  a  rich  appearance.  The  seats 
are  Arbigland  and  Cavens,  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  remains  of  Wreaths  and 
Macculloch's  castles.  A  public  school  is 
at  Preston. 

KIRKBOST.    See  Kirkibost. 

KIRKBRIDE,  farm,  with  traces  of  ancient 
church,  in  Kirkcolm  parish,  Wigton- 
shire. 

KIRKBRIDE,  place,  with  traces  of 
ancient  church,  in  Kirkmaiden  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

KIRKBRIDE,  ancient  parish,  with  ruined 
church,  now  forming  coast  part  of  Maybole, 
Ayrshire. 

KIRKBRIDE,  place,  with  traces  of 
ancient  church,  in  Kirkpatrick-Durham 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KIRKBUDDO,  detached  section  of 
Guthrie  parish,  averagely  5  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Forfar.  It  contains  a  man- 
sion of  its  own  name,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Forfar  and  a  railway  station. 

KIRKCALDY,  town  and  parish  on  south 
coast  of  Fife.  The  town  consists  of  Inver- 
tiel  in  Kinghorn  parish,  Linktown  in 
Abbotshall  parish,  Kirkcaldy  -  proper  in 
Kirkcaldy  parish,  and  Pathhead,  Sinclair- 
town,  and  Gallatown  in  Dysart  parish ; 
measures  less  than  a  mile  in  Kirkcaldy- 


KIR 


275 


KIR 


proper,  but  about  3J  miles  in  total  length  ; 
stands  partly  on  low  flat  ground  contiguous 
to  the  shore,  and  partly  on  adjoining  braes ; 
appears  first  on  record  in  1334  ;  underwent 
much  vicissitude,  with  considerable  aggre- 
gate prosperity,  till  modern  times ;  ranks 
now  as  a  seat  of  extensive  manufacture,  a 
head  seaport,  and  a  royal  and  parliament- 
ary burgh,  but  does  not  include  the  Dysart 
part  within  its  burgh  boundaries;  unites 
with  Dysart,  Kinghorn,  and  Burntisland 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  pub- 
lishes 3  weekly  newspapers ;  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
railway  station,  4  banking  offices,  4  hotels, 
a  town  hall,  a  corn  exchange,  extensive 
waterworks  of  1869,  4  Established 
churches,  5  Free  churches,  3  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  Congregational, 
Evangelical  Union,  Baptist,  Episcopalian, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  2  public 
schools  of  1876  for  1000  scholars,  13  other 
schools  for  1688  scholars  within  its  burgh 
limits,  and  schools  with  about  1161  scholars 
in  its  Dysart  portions.  The  main  street 
of  Kirkcaldy-proper  was  formerly  dingy 
and  very  narrow,  but  has  been  greatly 
improved ;  and  new  streets  of  handsome 
and  spacious  character  have  been  formed. 
One  of  the  Established  churches  is  a 
spacious  Gothic  edifice  of  1807,  and  one  of 
the  Free  churches  was  projected  in  1877 
and  estimated  to  cost  £16,000.  The  har- 
bour was  improved  in  1843-46  at  a  cost  of 
about  £40,000.  The  vessels  belonging  to 
the  port  at  the  end  of  1879  were  16  sailing 
vessels  of  1972  tons,  and  8  steam  vessels  of 
506  tons.  The  arrivals  in  that  year  were 
1740  British  vessels  of  213,829  tons,  and 
1249  foreign  vessels  of  208,128  tons ;  and 
the  departures  were  1694  British  vessels  of 
209,333  tons,  and  1271  foreign  vessels  of 
210,643  tons.  Real  property  of  the  par- 
liamentary burgh  in  1880-81,  £50,489. 
Pop.  23,288.— The  parish  comprises  1177 
acres.  Real  property  of  landward  part  in 
1880-81,  £6698.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  quoad 
civilia,  8501 ;  quoad  sacra,  5739.  The  beach 
is  level  and  sandy,  and  the  interior  is  first 
flat,  then  somewhat  abruptly  ascending 
into  brae,  then  gradually  rising  to  an 
elevation  of  about  300  feet.  Coal  is 
worked,  and  ironstone  is  found.  The 
chief  residences  are  Dunnikier  House  and 
several  fine  villas. 

KIRKCALDY  (ST.  JAMES),  quoad  sacra 
parish  with  church  in  Kirkcaldy,  Fife. 
Pop.  2762. 

KIRK-CAMBUSNETHAN.     See  Kikk- 

NOW. 

KIRKCHRIST,  ancient  parish,  now  form- 
ing southern  part  of  Twynholm,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. The  ruins  of  the  church 
and  the  cemetery  are  on  the  Dee,  opposite 
Kirkcudbright. 

KIRKCLAUCH,  seat  in  Anwoth  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KIRKCOLM,  village  and  parish  in  ex- 
treme north  of  Rhinns  district,  Wigton- 
shire.    The  village  stands  on  Loch  Ryan, 


6  miles  north-by-west  of  Stranraer,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Stranraer,  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  111  scholars.  The  parish 
consists  of  the  northern  part  of  the  pen- 
insula, between  Loch  Ryan  and  North 
Channel,  measures  about  5|  miles  in 
both  length  and  breadth,  and  comprises 
13,318  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£13,679.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1847; 
quoad  sacra,  1653.  The  east  coast  in- 
cludes the  shelving  sandbank  called  the 
Scar;  the  north  coast  includes  Kirkcolm 
and  Corsewall  points ;  and  the  interior 
presents  an  undulated  surface,  with 
hillocks  neither  steep  nor  high.  A  chief 
residence  is  Corsewall  House  ;  and  a  chief 
antiquity  is  the  thick-walled  shell  of 
Corsewall  Castle.  There  are  3  schools 
with  capacity  for  230  scholars. 

KIRKCONNEL,  village  and  parish  in 
extreme  north-west  of  Nithsdale,  Dum- 
friesshire. The  village  stands  on  the 
Nith,  3  miles  west-north-west  of  Sanquhar, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Sanquhar,  an 
inn,  a  parochial  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  115  scholars.  Pop.  464. — The 
parish  measures  11  miles  by  6,  and  comprises 
26,660  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,197.  Pop.  1019.  The  surface  in- 
cludes a  reach  of  the  Nith's  valley,  but 
is  partly  moorish  and  chiefly  mountainous. 
Coal,  ironstone,  and  limestone  exist ;  and 
two  strong  medicinal  springs  are  not  far 
from  the  village.  There  are  2  schools 
with  capacity  for  190  scholars. 

KIRKCONNEL,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Kirkpatrick-Fleming,  Dumfriesshire. 
Its  cemetery,  on  Kirtle  rivulet,  still  exists, 
and  contains  the  grave  of  '  Fair  Helen  of 
Kirkconnel  Lee.' 

KIRKCONNEL,  seat  and  Roman  Catholic 
church,  2  miles  north-east  of  Newabbey, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KIRKCORMACK,  ancient  parish,  now 
part  of  Kelton,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  Its 
cemetery  and  remains  of  its  church  still 
exist. 

KIRKCOWAN,  village  and  parish  in 
"VVigtonshire.  The  village  stands  on  Tarf 
rivulet,  7  miles  west-south-west  of  Newton- 
Stewart  ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Wigtonshire,  a  railway  station, 
Established  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
191  scholars.  Pop.  671.— The  parish  is  16 
miles  long  and  from  1J  to  6  miles  broad,  and 
comprises  35,865  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £10,547.  Pop.  1307.  The  surface 
is  mostly  moorish,  either  pastoral  or  waste, 
and  has  been  ploughed  to  the  aggregate  of 
less  than  one-fourth  of  its  area.  The  only 
mansion  is  Craiglaw ;  and  the  other  chief 
objects  of  interest  are  a  remarkable  rock- 
ing-stone  and  the  site  of  Mindork  Castle. 
There  are  4  schools  with  capacity  for  193 
scholars. 

KIRKCUDBRIGHT,  town  and  parish  on 
coast  of  Kirkcudbrightshire.     The  town 


KIR 


276 


KIR 


stands  on  the  Dee,  at  terminus  of  branch 
railway,  30  miles  south-west-by-south  of 
Dumfries ;  figures  in  the  history  of  the 
Koman  occupation,  and  in  that  of  the 
contests  between  the  petty  kings  of  Gallo- 
way and  the  kings  of  Scotland ;  was  held 
by  the  English  during  the  competition  for 
the  Scottish  crown  ;  gave  the  peerage  title 
of  baron  from  1633  till  1832  to  the 
family  of  Maclellan ;  contains  a  massive, 
gloomy,  roofless  castle  of  the  Maclellans, 
built  in  1582  on  site  of  mediaeval  monas- 
tery ;  is  situated  at  head  of  pleasant 
estuary,  miles  long,  called  Kirkcudbright 
Bay ;  ranks  now  as  a  seaport,  the  political 
capital  of  Kirkcudbrightshire,  and  a  royal 
and  parliamentary  burgh ;  unites  with 
Dumfries,  Annan,  Lochmaben,  and  San- 
quhar in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ; 
presents  a  neat,  well-edificed  appearance, 
with  streets  parallel  to  one  another,  or  at 
right  angles ;  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, a  railway  station,  3  banking  offices, 
3  hotels,  fine  county  buildings,  a  large 
steepled  Established  church  of  1838,  a 
recently  erected  Free  church,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  of  1880,  a  Roman 
Catholic  church,  an  academy,  and  3 
primary  public  schools.  Peal  property 
in  1880-81,  £8324.  Pop.  2571. —The 
parish  measures  8|  miles  by  3£,  and 
comprises  12,280  acres.  Real  property 
of  landward  part  in  1880-81,  £13,828. 
Pop.  of  the  whole,  3473.  The  surface  lies 
along  left  side  of  the  Dee  down  to  Solway 
Firth,  consists  mostly  of  level  land  adjacent 
to  the  river  and  the  estuary,  and  is 
elsewhere  uneven  or  undulating,  but 
nowhere  high.  The  chief  residences  are 
St.  Mary's  Isle,  Balmae,  Janefield,  St. 
Cuthbert's,  and  Fludha;  and  the  chief 
antiquities,  besides  Maclellan's  Castle,  are 
a  large  Caledonian  fort,  vestiges  of  7  smaller 
Caledonian  forts,  traces  of  3  Roman  camps, 
and  vestiges  or  sites  of  8  ancient  churches. 
There  are  7  schools  with  capacity  for  1002 
scholstrs 

KIRKCUDBRIGHT,  place,  with  site  of 
ancient  church,  in  Glencairn  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

KIRKCUDBRIGHT-INNERTIG.    See  In- 

NERTIG. 

KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE,  stewartry  or 
county  comprising  eastern  part  and  nearly 
two-thirds  of  Galloway.  Its  length  is  44 
miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  40  miles ;  its 
area  954  square  miles.  The  north-western, 
northern,  and  north-eastern  boundaries  are 
a  series  of  streamlets,  lakes,  mountain 
watersheds,  and  artificial  lines  ;  the  south- 
eastern follows  the  river  and  estuary  of 
the  Nith ;  the  southern  lies  along  Solway 
Firth  and  Wigton  Bay  ;  and  the  western 
is  traced  by  the  river  Cree.  The  coast, 
from  head  of  Nith  estuary  to  head  of 
"Wigton  Bay,  makes  proximately  a  semi- 
circular sweep ;  measures,  exclusive  of 
sinuosities,  about  50  miles ;  and  is  flat  in 
the  east,  but  mostly  bold,  rocky,  cavernous, 


or  cliffy,  and  diversified  by  inlets  and 
headlands  in  the  south  and  the  south-west. 
The  northern  section  of  the  interior,  com- 
prehending about  two-thirds  of  the  entire 
area,  is  chiefly  mountainous,  and  has  sum- 
mits 2597,  2650,  and  2704  feet  high.  The 
southern  section  is  variously  low,  tumu- 
lated,  and  hilly  ;  consists  largely  of  broken 
knolly  champaign ;  and  includes,  in  the 
east,  Criffel  Mountain,  1800  feet  high, — 
in  the  west,  Cairnharrow,  Fleetfell,  and 
Caimsmuir-of-Fleet,  1497,  1544,  and  2331 
feet  high.  The  chief  rivers,  besides  the 
two  on  the  boundaries,  are  the  Urr,  the 
Dee,  and  the  Fleet,  running  to  the  sea; 
the  Cargen,  running  to  the  Nith  ;  and  the 
Ken,  running  to  the  Dee.  Lakes  are  very 
numerous,  and  many  of  them  have  much 
attraction  for  anglers.  Chalybeate  springs 
also  are  numerous.  Granitic  building-stone, 
granitic  millstone,  Silurian  building-stone, 
and  Silurian  slate  are  worked.  Rotation 
of  crops  is  various,  not  only  in  different 
districts,  but  often  in  a  single  parish.  The 
breeding,  rearing,  and  exporting  of  cattle 
are  largely  pursued.  Both  manufactures 
and  commerce  are  inconsiderable.  The 
harbours  to  the  east  of  Kirkando  burn  are 
creeks  of  Dumfries  port,  and  those  to  the 
west  are  creeks  of  Wigton  port.  The  towns 
with  each  more  than  2000  inhabitants  are 
Kirkcudbright,  Castle-Douglas,  Dalbeattie, 
and  Maxwelltown;  and  the  other  towns 
and  villages,  with  each  more  than  300,  are 
Gatehouse,  Creetown,  Dairy,  Kirkpatrick- 
Durham,  Auchencairn,  New  Galloway, 
Newabbey,  Crossmichael,  Rhonehouse,  and 
Springholm.  Chief  antiquities  are  nume- 
rous cairns,  numerous  Caledonian  forts, 
nine  Caledonian  stone  circles,  a  Roman 
road,  Roman  camps,  vestiges  of  a  Cumbrian 
bulwark,  and  ruins  of  Lincluden  College 
and  Newabbey,  Dundrennan,  and  Tong- 
land  abbeys.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£396,937.  Pop.  in  1871,  41,859;  in  1881, 
42,126. 

KIRKDALE,  seat  and  ancient  parish, 
now  in  Kirkmabreck,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KIRKDEN,  parish  with  church  5  miles 
east- south-east  of  Forfar,  and  containing 
most  of  Friockheim  post-town,  in  Forfar- 
shire. Its  length  is  5^  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  2  miles  ;  its  area  4999  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £10,912.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  1682 ;  quoad  sacra,  541.  The  sur- 
face includes  a  skirt  of  Sidlaw  Hills,  but  is 
elsewhere  gently  undulated  or  compara- 
tively level.  The  seats  are  Gardyne  Castle, 
Pitmuies,  and  Middleton ;  and  the  anti- 
quities are  two  artificial  mounds  and  the 
stump  of  a  sculptured  obelisk.  Established, 
Free,  and  Evangelical  Union  churches  are  in 
Friockheim.  The  parochial  public  school 
has  capacity  for  105  scholars,  and  3  other 
schools  for  326  are  in  Friockheim  quoad 
sacra  parish,  which  consists  mostly  of  part 
of  Kirkden. 

KIRKDOMIN.E,  ancient  chapelry,  now 
part  of  Barr  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KIRKDRYNE,  place  with  traces  of  an- 


KIR 


277 


KIR 


cient  church  in  Kirkmaiden  parish,  "Wig- 
ton  shire. 

KIRKFIELD,  seat  adjacent  to  Kirkfield- 
bank,  Lanarkshire. 

KIRKFIELDBANK,  or  KIRKLAND,  vil- 
lage on  the  Clyde,  about  a  mile  west  of 
Lanark.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Lanark, 
a  bridge,  a  chapel-of-ease,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  104  scholars.    Pop.  963. 

KIRKFORTHAR,  ancient  chapelry,  with 
old  mansion  and  ruined  church,  in  Mark- 
inch  parish,  Fife. 

KIRKGUNZEON,  village  and  parish  in 
south-east  of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The 
village  stands  mile  west  of  railway 
station  of  its  own  name,  at  5  J  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Dalbeattie,  and  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Kirkcudbrightshire,  a 
parochial  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  131  scholars. — The  parish  contains 
also  Gateside  village,  measures  about  7 
miles  by  4§,  and  comprises  11,956  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8360.  Pop.  656. 
The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  yet  includes 
a  considerable  portion  of  excellent  meadow 
land.  Remains  of  ancient  fortalices  are 
at  Corrah,  Bardosh,  and  Drumcoltran. 

KIRKHILL,  parish  on  south  side  of 
Beauly  Firth,  between  Inverness  and 
Beauly,  Inverness-shire.  Its  post  town  is 
Inverness.  Its  length  is  about  8  miles ; 
its  breadth  from  i  to  3  miles.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £10,610.  Pop.  1480. 
Part  of  the  surface  is  a  narrow  slope  con- 
tiguous to  the  Firth,  and  the  rest  consists 
of  pretty  high  heathy  hills.  The  seats 
are  Newton,  Lentram,  Auchnagairn,  Fin- 
gask,  Reelick,  and  Bunchrew ;  and  a  chief 
object  of  interest  is  the  mausoleum  of  the 
Lovat  family,  on  site  of  an  ancient  church. 
The  present  churches  are  Established  and 
Free,  and  the  schools  are  3  new  ones  with 
capacity  for  295  scholars. 

KIRKHILL,  village,  |  mile  north-east  of 
Penicuick,  Edinburghshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  123  scholars.    Pop.  755. 

KIRKHILL,  village  in  Cambuslang  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire. 

KIRKHILL,  place  in  Nigg  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  98  scholars. 

KIRKHILL,  seat  and  ruined  fortalice  in 
Colmonell  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KIRKHILL,  seat  in  western  vicinity  of 
Broxburn,  Linlithgowshire. 

KIRKHILL,  eminence,  with  fragment  of 
ancient  collegiate  church,  adjacent  to  St. 
Andrews,  Fife. 

KIRKHILL,  eminence  in  Avondale  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire. 

KIRKHILL,  eminence  adjacent  to  site 
of  old  church  in  Dryfesdale  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

KIRKHILL,  rising -ground,  believed  to 
have  been  crowned  by  ancient  church,  in 
Kinnettles  parish,  Forfarshire. 

KIRKHILL,  rising-ground  in  Tillicoultry 
parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

KIRKHILL,  eminence  in  Neilston  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 


KIRKHILL,  site  of  parochial  church  in 
Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides. 

KIRKHOBLE,  site  of  ancient  chapel  in 
Penningham  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

KIRKHOLM,  small  island  in  Sandsting 
parish,  Shetland. 

KIRKHOPE,  parish,  containing  Ettrick- 
bridge  post  office  village,  in  Selkirkshire. 
It  dates  from  ancient  times,  became  part 
of  Yarrow,  and  was  reconstituted  in  1852. 
Its  length  is  about  9  miles ;  its  mean 
breadth  about  5  miles ;  its  area  22,724 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £9106. 
Pop.  547.  The  surface  is  intersected  by 
Ettrick  river,  consists  chiefly  of  hills,  in- 
cludes a  heathy  plateau  fully  1000  feet 
above  sea-level,  and  has  three  summits 
upwards  of  1500  feet  high.  There  are  3 
schools  with  capacity  for  175  scholars. 

KIRKHOPE,  hill  vale  in  Hounam  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

KIRKIBOLL,  village  on  Kyle  of  Tongue, 
Sutherland.  It  contains  an  inn,  and 
Tongue  post  office,  parochial  church,  Free 
church,  and  public  school. 

KIRKIBOST,  island  adjacent  to  south- 
west side  of  North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 
Pop.  12. 

KIRKINNER,  village  and  parish  in 
south-east  of  Wigtonshire.  The  village 
stands  2^  miles  south-by-west  of  Wigton, 
and  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Wigton- 
shire, a  railway  station,  a  handsome  church 
of  1828,  kirk-session  records  of  severe 
persecutions  in  the  times  of  the  Cove- 
nanters, and  a  public  school  with  about 
160  scholars. — The  parish  contains  also 
the  villages  of  Marchfarm  and  Slohabert, 
measures  6^  by  4^  miles,  and  comprises 
15,250  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£16,555.  Pop.  1597.  The  east  border, 
to  the  length  of  about  3  miles,  lies  along 
Wigton  Bay,  and  has  considerable  belts 
of  foreshore  and  flat  carse  ;  and  the  rest 
of  the  surface  consists  mostly  of  verdant 
gently-swelling  little  hills.  The  chief  re- 
sidence is  Barnbarroch,  and  the  chief 
antiquity  is  Baldoon  Castle.  Public 
schools  are  at  Longcastle  and  Malzie. 

KIRKINTILLOCH,  town  and  parish  in 
detached  section  of  Dumbartonshire. 
The  town  stands  on  Forth  and  Clyde 
Canal,  adjacent  to  Kelvin  river,  8J  miles 
north  -  east  of  Glasgow ;  sprang  from 
a  strong  fort  on  Antoninus'  Wall,  and 
retains  a  moundish  remnant  of  it ;  pos- 
sessed importance  in  the  time  of  William, 
the  Lion  ;  presents  now  the  dingy  appear- 
ance of  a  place  of  mere  manufacture  and 
traffic ;  was  designed,  about  the  end  of 
1879,  to  undergo  some  cleansing  improve- 
ment ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  all 
departments,  under  Glasgow,  a  railway 
station,  2  banking  offices,  a  court-house,  2 
Established  churches,  2  Free  churches, 
United  Presbyterian,  Original  Secession, 
and  Methodist  churches,  and  2  public 
schools  with  about  428  scholars.  Pop. 
7352. — The  parish  contains  also  Waterside 
village  and  part  of  Lenzie  town,  measures 


KIR 


278 


KIR 


6f  by  nearly  3J  miles,  and  comprises  7146 
acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £52,755. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  10,591 ;  quoad  sacra, 
5356.  The  surface  is  nearly  all  a  very 
gentle  slope  with  northern  exposure. 
Coal  abounds  and  is  extensively  mined. 
Ironstone,  limestone,  and  sandstone  also 
are  plentiful.  The  residences  include 
several  handsome  mansions  and  many  fine 
villas ;  and  the  antiquities  include  traces 
of  Antoninus'  Wall,  the  site  of  a  castle  of 
the  Comyns,  and  Banheath  Tower,  once  a 
stronghold  of  the  Earls  of  Kilmarnock. 
Established,  United  Presbyterian,  and 
Episcopalian  churches  are  at  Lenzie.  Seven 
schools  for  1610  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  2  of  them  for  750  are  new. 

KIRKINTILLOCH  (ST.  DAVID),  quoad 
sacra  parish  with  Established  and  Free 
churches  in  Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire. 
Pop.  3786. 

KIRKLAND,  village,  with  spinning-mills, 
on  Leven  river,  1  mile  west  of  Leven  town, 
Fife.    Pop.  297. 

KIRKLAND,  village  in  Tinwald  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

KIRKLAND,  hamlet  in  Glencairn  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

KIRKLAND,  seat  in  Saline  parish, 
Fife. 

KIRKLAND,  printfield  in  Bonhill  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 
KIRKLAND,  Lanarkshire.     See  KiEK- 

FIELDBANK. 

KIRKLAND  PARK,  seat  near  Strathavon, 
Lanarkshire. 

KIRKLANDS,  seat  near  Ancrum,  Rox- 
burgh  shire. 

KIRKLANDS,  place,  with  medicinal 
spring,  in  Ceres  parish,  Fife. 

KIRKLANE,  village  in  Kincardine  parish, 
Perthshire. 

KIRKLEISH,  place,  with  vestige  of 
ancient  church,  in  Kirkmaiden  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

KIRKLISTON,  village  in  Linlithgowshire, 
and  parish  partly  also  in  Edinburghshire. 
The  village  stands  on  left  side  of  Almond 
river,  9  miles  west  of  Edinburgh,  and  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  designated  of  Linlith- 
gowshire, a  railway  station,  an  ancient  Nor- 
man parochial  church  with  old  burial  vault 
of  the  noble  family  of  Stair,  a  Free 
church  with  spire  added  in  1880,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  250  scholars. 
Pop.  747. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  of  Winchburgh  and  Newbridge,  and 
the  hamlet  of  Niddry  ;  measures  5J  miles 
in  length,  and  4|  miles  in  greatest  breadth  ; 
and  comprises  5333  acres  in  Linlithgow- 
shire and  4208  in  Edinburghshire.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £21,586  and  £8941. 
Pop.  2377  and  186.  The  surface  is  a 
slightly  elevated  plain,  bisected  by  Almond 
river,  and  diversified  with  very  gentle 
swells.  The  rocks  are  carboniferous.  A 
chief  seat  is  Newliston ;  and  chief  anti- 
quities are  Niddry  Castle  and  the  Cat- 
stane.    A  public  school  is  at  Winchburgh. 


KIRKMABRECK,  parish,  containing 
Creetown,  on  south-west  border  of  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. It  lies  along  left  side  of 
Cree  estuary  and  Wigton  Bay,  measures 
10  miles  by  4^,  and  comprises  23,031 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £12,300. 
Pop.  1834.  The  coast  is  very  picturesque, 
includes  very  curious  clefts  and.  caves,  and 
seems  to  have  been  in  great  degree  the 
prototype  of  the  scenery  around  'Ellan- 
gowan'  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Guy  Man- 
nering.  The  interior  rises  rapidly  from 
the  shore,  consists  largely  of  heathy  hills, 
and  contains  Cairnharrow,  1497  feet  high, 
and  part  of  Cairnsmuir,  2331  feet  high. 
Fine  granite  is  extensively  quarried  and 
exported.  The  seats  are  Kirkdale,  Bar- 
holm,  Hillhouse,  and  Cassencarry ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  tunrali,  circles 
of  large  standing  stones,  and  two  battle- 
mented  towers.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished and  United  Presbyterian ;  and 
there  are  3  schools  with  capacity  for 
297  scholars. 

KIRKMADRINE,  ancient  parish,  now 
forming  eastern  part  of  Sorbie,  in  Wigton- 
shire. Its  burying-ground  and  ruins  of  its 
church  still  exist. 

KIRKMAHOE,  village  and  parish  in 
Nithsdale,  Dumfriesshire.  The  village 
stands  4  miles  north  of  Dumfries,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Dumfries,  and 
Established  and  Free  churches.  —  The 
parish  contains  also  the  villages  of  Dun- 
cow  and  Dalswinton,  measures  7|  miles 
by  5 \,  and  comprises  12,553  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £13,310.  Pop.  1250. 
The  Nith  runs  about  6  miles  along  the 
western  boundary.  The  southern  section 
is  nearly  level,  and  the  northern  one  rises 
gradually  into  hills  upwards  of  600  feet 
high.  The  chief  seats  are  Dalswinton, 
Milnhead,  and  Carnsalloch  ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  tumuli,  moats,  and  vestiges 
of  forts.  There  are  4  schools  with  capacity 
for  275  scholars. 

KIRKMAIDEN,  peninsular  parish  in 
extreme  south-west  of  Wigtonshire  and 
Scotland.  It  contains  the  post  office 
villages  of  Drummore  and  Port-Logan ; 
terminates  in  Mull  of  Galloway;  measures  9 
miles  in  length  and  4^  in  greatest  breadth  ; 
and  comprises  13,730  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £14,793.  Pop.  2446.  The  coasts 
are  extensively  bold  and  rocky,  abound  in 
caves  and  fissures,  and  have  many  alterna- 
tions of  headland  and  bay.  The  interior 
is  partly  rolling  hillocky  plain,  partly 
rocky  or  mossy  moor,  partly  an  assemblage 
of  bleak  wild  heights,  and  largely  a  broad 
belt  of  hill,  and  can  be  ploughed  to  the 
aggregate  of  less  than  one-third  of  its 
area.  A  chief  seat  is  Logan  House  ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  Drummore  and  Clan- 
yard  castles  and  vestiges  of  forts.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free.  There 
are  3  schools,  all  new,  with  capacity  for 
495  scholars. 

KIRKMAIDEN,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Glasserton,  Wigtonshire.     Its  bury- 


KIR 


2' 


'79 


KIR 


ing-ground  and  ruins  of  its  church  still 
exist. 

KIRKMAY,  seat  near  Crail,  Fife. 

KIRKMICHAEL,  parish  with  church  6 
miles  north-west  of  Lochmaben,  Dumfries- 
shire. Its  post  town  is  Dumfries.  It 
measures  9  miles  by  4|,  and  comprises 
16,983  acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81, 
£9850.  Pop.  849.  Kinnel  river  runs 
for  2|  miles  on  the  eastern  boundary,  and 
Ae  river  runs  about  12  miles  on  the 
western,  the  south-western,  and  the 
southern  boundaries,  to  a  point  near  con- 
flux with  the  Kinnel.  Belts  of  holm  lie 
contiguous  to  the  rivers,  a  plain  occupies 
most  of  the  south-east  and  the  south,  and 
two  hill-ranges  ascend  thence  northward 
to  culminating  summits  upwards  of  1300 
feet  high.  A  chief  residence  is  Kirk- 
michael  House,  and  chief  antiquities  are 
traces  of  a  Eoman  road,  vestiges  of  camps 
and  forts,  remains  of  "Wallace's  tower, 
and  the  ruin  of  Glenae  tower.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free,  and 
there  are  2  public  schools  with  about  180 
scholars 

KIRKMICHAEL,  village  and  parish  in 
Carrick,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands  on 
Girvan  river,  3J  miles  east  of  Maybole, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Maybole,  a 
parochial  church  with  660  sittings,  and 
a  public  school  With  about  109  scholars. 
Pop.  343.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Crosshill  village,  measures  12  miles  by  5§, 
and  comprises  15,930  acres.  Eeal  pro- 
perty in  1879-80,  £16,384.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  1781;  quoad  sacra,  1511.  The 
central  section,  traversed  by  Girvan 
river,  is  vale  with  undulating  flanks  ;  the 
northern  section  is  partly  level  and  partly 
diversified  with  heights  ;  the  western 
section  is  swelling  and  hillocky  ;  and  the 
eastern  one  rises  into  pastoral  upland, 
with  summits  more  than  1500  feet  high. 
The  chief  seats  are  Cassilis,  Blairquhan, 
and  Kirkmichael  House.  Established  and 
Free  churches  and  2  public  schools  are  in 
Crosshill. 

KIRKMICHAEL,  village  and  parish  in 
north-eastern  extremity  of  Perthshire. 
The  village  stands  in  Strathardle,  13| 
miles  north-by-west  of  Blairgowrie,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Blairgowrie, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  2 
public  schools  with  about  136  scholars. — 
The  parish  is  divided  quoad  sacra  into 
Kirkmichael-proper,  Glenshee,  and  small 
part  of  Persie.  Its  length  is  17  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  7  miles ;  its  area  57,283 
acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £16,556. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  849.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  and  consists  chiefly  of  Strath- 
ardle and  Glenshee,  with  their  broad  alpine 
screens  and  their  small  lateral  glens.  The 
chief  seats  are  Ashintully  and  "VVoodhill  ; 
chief  antiquities  are  a  large  cairn,  a  multi- 
tude of  smaller  cairns,  and  four  concentric 
Caledonian  stone  circles  ;  and  an  interest- 
ing object  is  a  great  rocking-stone.  The 
churches  are  2  Established  and  1  Free ; 


and  there  are  3  schools  with  capacity 
for  231  scholars. 

KIRKMICHAEL,  parish,  containing 
Tomintoul  post  office  village,  in  southern 
extremity  of  Banffshire.  Its  length  is 
24£  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  8| 
miles  ;  its  area  75,759  acres.  Eeal  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £6215.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  1073  ;  quoad  sacra,  387.  The 
southern  half  consists  chiefly  of  the 
portion  of  Cairngorm  Mountains  over- 
hanging and  flanking  Glenaven,  and  is 
uninhabited.  The  northern  half  is  a 
reach  of  vale  along  the  Aven  downward 
to  the  Spey,  diversified  and  flanked  or 
overhung  by  mountains.  Only  about 
2400  acres  are  in  tillage.  The  churches 
are  2  Established,  1  Free,  and  1  Eoman 
Catholic ;  and  there  are  2  public  schools, 
with  about  189  scholars. 

KIRKMICHAEL,  parish  forming  part  of 
Eesolis  in  Boss-shire. 

KIRKMICHAEL,  farm,  with  site  of 
ancient  chapel,  inEow  parish,  Dumbarton- 
shire. 

KIRKMUIRHILL,  village  in  Lesmahagow 
parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  designated 
of  Lanarkshire,  and  a  United  Presbyterian 
church.    Pop.  547. 

KIRKNESS,  small  headland  in  Sand- 
sting  parish,  Shetland. 

KIRKNEWTON,  village  and  parish  in 
west  of  Edinburghshire.  The  village 
stands  in  eastern  vicinity  of  Mid-Calder 
railway  station,  10  miles  south-west  of 
Edinburgh,  and  has  a  post  office  designated 
of  Midlothian,  a  parochial  church  with 
about  430  sittings,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  104  scholars.  Pop.  368.— The  parish 
contains  also  East  Calder  and  "Wilkieston 
villages,  measures  6  miles  by  3^,  and  com- 
prises 9477  acres.  Eeal  property  in 
1880-81,  £20,586.  Pop.  2742.  The  southern 
section,  or  nearly  one-half  of  all  the  land, 
lies  among  the  Pentland  Hills  ;  and  the 
northern  section  is  nearly  level,  yet  de- 
clines gently  to  the  boundary  at  Almond 
river.  The  seats  are  Linnburn,  Hillhouse, 
Meadowbank,  Ormistonhill,  and  Calder- 
hall.  There  is  a  Free  church  for  Kirknew- 
ton  and  Eatho,  and  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  is  in  East  Calder.  There  are  4 
schools  for  513  scholars,  and  1  of  them  and 
enlargements  for  218  are  new. 

KIRKNEY,  place,  with  site  of  ancient 
chapel,  in  Gaxtly  parish,  Banffshire. 

KIRKNOW,  or  KIRK-CAMBUSNETHAN, 
village  about  a  mile  east  of  Wishaw,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

KIRK-OF-FIELD,  extinct  collegiate 
church  of  15th  century,  on  ground  now 
partly  covered  by  south-eastern  portion 
of  College,  in  Edinburgh.  Its  provost's 
house  was  the  place  of  Lord  Darnley's 
murder. 

KIRK-OF-GROVE,  curious  natural  pile 
of  large  stone  blocks  in  Monzie  parish, 
Perthshire. 

KIRK-OF-HOW,  ruined  ancient  chapel, 


KIR 


230 


KIR 


with  small  cemetery,  in  Papa-Westray 
Island,  Orkney. 

KIRK-OF-MUIR,  extinct  ancient  church 
in  St.  Ninian's  parish,  Stirlingshire.  Its 
cemetery  still  exists. 

KIRK-OF-ORCHY,  braes  flanking  Orchy 
river  in  Glenorchy  parish,  Argyleshire. 

KIRK-OF-SHOTTS.    See  Shotts. 

KIRK 0 SWALD j  village  and  parish  in 
Carrick,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands  4 
miles  south-west  of  Maybole,  figures  in  the 
early  history  of  the  poet  Burns,  contains 
the  graves  of  his  'Tarn  o'  Shanter'  and 
'  Souter  Johnnie,'  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Maybole,  a  good  inn,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  164  scholars.  Pop.  about  300.— The 
parish  contains  also  Maidens  village,  is 
bounded  on  the  west  by  Firth  of  Clyde, 
measures  about  7  miles  by  6,  and  comprises 
14,861  acres.  Real  property  in  1879-80, 
£16,239.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1781 ;  quoad 
sacra,  1511.  Tbe  coast  is  mostly  verdant 
beach.  The  interior  is  strikingly  and 
beautifully  diversified,  consists  largely  of 
broad-based  softly-outlined  hills,  includes 
the  large  esplanaded  wooded  hill  of 
Mochrum,  exhibits  elsewhere  great  luxuri- 
ance of  wood  and  culture,  and  commands 
from  many  a  spot  a  magnificent  view  of 
the  waters  and  screens  of  the  Firth  of 
Clyde.  The  chief  seat  is  the  Marquis  of 
Ailsa's  mansion  of  Colzean ;  an  old  strong 
seat  is  Thomastown ;  an  interesting  farm  now 
annexed  to  another  is  Shanter  ;  and  grand 
antiquities  are  vestiges  of  Turnberry  Castle 
and  Crossraguel  Abbey.  There  are  3  schools 
for  291  scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  a  class- 
room for  140  are  new. 

KIRKOWAN.    See  Kirkcowan. 

KIRKPATRICK.    See  Kilpatrick. 

KIRKPATRICK-DURHAM,  village  and 
parish  in  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  village 
stands  6  miles  north-north-east  of  Castle- 
Douglas,  is  modern  and  pleasant,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Dalbeattie,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  135  scholars.  Pop.  463. — The  parish 
contains  also  part  of  Springholm,  Crocket- 
ford,  and  Corsock  villages,  measures  10J 
miles  by  4^,  and  comprises  18,277  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £13,089.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1317  ;  quoad  sacra,  1113. 
The  surface  is  aggregately  low  in  the 
south,  hilly  in  the  middle,  loftily  moorish 
in  the  north,  abounds  in  craggy  eminences, 
and  includes  seven  small  lakes.  About 
8000  acres  are  in  tillage.  There  are  3 
schools  with  capacity  for  293  scholars. 

KIRKPATRICK  -  FLEMING,  village  and 
parish  in  south  -  east  of  Dumfriesshire. 
The  village  stands  on  Kir  tie  rivulet,  13 
miles  south  -  east  of  Lockerby,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Ecclefechan,  a  railway 
station,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  80  scholars. 
The  parish  contains  also  Newton  and 
Hollee  villages,  measures  6£  miles  by  4f, 
and  comprises  11,529  acres.  Peal  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £11,413.     Pop.  1464. 


The  surface  includes  much  of  the  beautiful 
vale  of  Kirtle  rivulet,  is  elsewhere  diversi- 
fied with  vales  and  waving  elevations, 
rises  gradually  from  south  to  north,  and 
consists  over  fully  two-thirds  of  arable 
land.  Marble  is  quarried,  and  limestone 
largely  worked.  The  seats  are  Springkell, 
Langshaw,  Wyesbie,  Mossknow,  Cove,  and 
Kirkpatrick ;  and  the  antiquities  are 
Merkland  Cross,  and  remains  or  sites  of  a 
number  of  Border  fortalices.  There  are  2 
schools  for  281  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  200  are  new. 

KIRKPATRICK  -  IRONGRAY,  parish  on 
east  border  of  Kirkcudbrightshire,  extend- 
ing to  a  point  3  miles  north-west  of  Dum- 
fries. Its  post  town  is  Dumfries.  Its 
length  is  8|  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
5|  miles ;  its  area  13,675  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £12,488.  Pop.  784. 
The  eastern  section  is  low  and  level ;  the 
middle  one  consists  of  undulated  hills  ; 
and  the  western  one  is  loftily  upland.  The 
chief  seat  is  Grove,  and  chief  objects 
of  interest  are  graves  of  two  Covenanter 
martyrs,  and  a  monumental  stone  by  Sir 
"Walter  Scott  to  the  original  of  Jeanie 
Deans  in  his  Heart  of  Midlothian.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free  ;  and 
there  are  2  schools  with  capacity  for  181 
schol&rs 

KIRKPATRICK-JUXTA,  parish,  contain- 
ing Craigielands  post  office  village  and 
Beattock  railway  station,  in  north  of 
Annandale,  Dumfriesshire,  but  including 
a  tract  with  one  house  in  Lanarkshire. 
Its  length,  exclusive  of  that  tract,  is  1\ 
miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  6|  miles ;  its 
area  22,335  acres.  Real  property  in  1880- 
81,  £10,606.  Pop.  1064.  The  river  Annan 
traces  all  the  eastern  boundary,  and  the 
rivulet  Evan  runs  about  3  miles  across  the 
north-east  to  the  Annan.  Queensberry  is 
partly  on  the  western  border  ;  other  high 
hills  and  offsets  of  the  Lowther  Mountains 
fill  most  of  the  north ;  and  a  diversity 
of  lower  hill  and  vale  fills  the  rest  of  the 
area.  The  seats  are  Craigielands,  Auchen, 
Marchbankwood,  and  Beattock;  and  the 
antiquities  include  Auchencass  Castle, 
Lochhouse  Tower,  vestiges  of  a  Roman 
camp,  and  numerous  cairns.  The  parochial 
church  contains  about  500  sittings ;  and 
there  are  3  schools  with  capacity  for  253 
scholars. 

KIRKPOTTIE,  quondam  church  about 
3  miles  south  of  Bridge  of  Earn,  Perth- 
shire. 

KIRKROW,  low-lying  lands  in  Hounam 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

KIRKSIDE,  seat  in  St.  Cyrus  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

KIRKSTYLE,  old  village,  now  repre- 
sented by  Carluke,  Lanarkshire. 

KIRKSTYLE,  place,  with  site  of  ancient 
chapel,  in  Ruthwell  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

KIRKTON,  any  hamlet  or  village  which 
is  or  was  the  site  of  a  Scottish  parochial 
church.    Chief  instances  are  in  the  par- 


KIR 


281 


KIR 


ishes  of  Abbey  St.  Bathans,  Airlie,  Arbir- 
lot,  Assynt,  Auchterless,  Avoch,  Balmerino, 
Banchory,  Blantyre,  Burntisland,  Carluke, 
Cumbray,  Dunnichen,  Ewes,  Farr,  Fetter- 
esso,  Fordoun,  Fen-wick,  Gargunnock, 
Glenelg,  Glenisla,  Guthrie,  Hobkirk, 
Kilbride,  Kilmaurs,  Kinnettles,  Kirk- 
mahoe,  Largo,  Laurencekirk,  Liff,  Lin- 
trathen,  Neilston,  New  Deer,  Newtyle, 
Row,  St.  Cyrus,  St.  Ninians,  Slamannan, 
Stonykirk,  Tealing,  Tulloch,  and  Weem. 

KIRKTON,  parish,  with  church  3| 
miles  east  of  Hawick,  Roxburghshire. '  Its 
post  town  is  Hawick.  Its  length  is  8| 
miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  less  than  2 
miles  ;  its  area  6202  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £5367.  Pop.  334.  The 
surface  is  mostly  undulating,  but  includes 
some  hills  nearly  1000  feet  high.  The 
school  arrangement  is  a  combination  with 
Cavers. 

KIRKTON,  mineral -field  in  Bathgate 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

KIRKTON,  picturesque  glen  in  Campsie 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

KIRKTON,  rivulet,  running  from  Par- 
son's Lake  to  the  sea,  in  Kilninver  parish, 
Argyleshire.  A  fine  cascade  of  40  feet  is 
on  it. 

KIRKTON,  burn  in  Neilston  parish,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

KIRKTON,  hill -ridge  in  Kingoldrum 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

KIRKTONHILL,  seat  in  Marykirk 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

KIRKTONHOLM,  decayed  elegant  seat 
in  East  Kilbride  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

KIRKTONMAINS,  place,  with  vestige  of 
strong  old  tower,  in  Dryfesdale  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

KIRKURD,  parish  on  right  side  of 
Tarth  rivulet,  on  west  border  of  Peebles- 
shire. Its  post  town  is  Dolphinton.  Its 
length  is  4J  miles  ;  its  breadth  4  miles  ;  its 
area  5698  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£3141.  Pop.  282.  The  surface  lies  on 
a  high  base,  ascends  mostly  from  the 
Tarth  to  the  southern  boundary,  and  in- 
cludes the  mountain  summit  of  Pykestane. 
The  seats  are  Castlecraig  and  Cairnmuir  ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  two  moats  and 
remains  of  two  circular  forts.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free,  and 
there  is  a  public  school  with  about  92 
scholars. 

KIRKVTLLE,  seat  in  Skene  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

KIRKWALL,  town  and  parish  on  narrow 
part  of  Pomona,  Orkney.  The  town  stands 
on  fine  northward  bay,  2  miles  north  of 
Scalpa,  12  east-north-east  of  Stromness, 
and  41  north-by-west  of  "Wick ;  possessed 
much  importance  during  the  Scandinavian 
rule  over  Orkney  and  Shetland  ;  was  con- 
stituted a  royal  burgh  at  the  annexation 
to  the  Scottish  crown  in  1468 ;  has  ever 
since  been  both  the  political  and  the  com- 
mercial capital  of  the  Orcadian  archipelago ; 
unites  with  Wick,  Dornoch,  Dingwall, 
Cromarty,  and  Tain  in  sending  a  member 


to  Parliament ;  is  a  head  port,  with  excel- 
lent pier  accommodation,  improved  in 
1880-81  for  its  own  bay,  and  with  a  pier 
completed  in  1880  at  a  cost  of  £11,000,  at 
Scalpa ;  presents  a  picturesque  mixture  of 
ancient  and  modern  buildings,  with  recent 
handsome  dwellings  in  the  outskirts  ; 
contains  a  well-preserved  Romanesque 
cathedral,  dating  from  1138,  a  ruined 
bishop's  palace,  probably  of  the  13th  cen- 
tury, a  ruined  earl's  palace  of  1607,  and 
remains  of  a  fort  built  by  Cromwell,  and 
now  used  as  a  volunteers'  battery;  pub- 
lishes three  weekly  newspapers  ;  and  has 
a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
4  banking  offices,  3  hotels,  county  build- 
ings founded  in  1876,  Established,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  Congregational, 
Episcopalian,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  2  public  schools,  and  a  reading- 
room,  library,  and  literary  and  scientific 
association.  The  vessels  belonging  to  the 
port  at  end  of  1879  were  36  sailing  vessels 
of  2235  tons,  and  4  steam  vessels  of  164 
tons.  The  arrivals  in  1879  were  1787 
British  vessels  of  182,826  tons,  and  8 
foreign  vessels  of  768  tons ;  and  the  depar- 
tures were  1780  British  vessels  of  183,239 
tons,  and  6  foreign  vessels  of  433  tons. 
Real  property  of  the  burgh  in  1880-81, 
£10,786.  Pop.  3923.  —The  parish  is  bounded 
on  both  the  north  and  the  south  by  the 
sea,  and  measures  about  6  miles  in  length, 
and  about  5£  in  greatest  breadth.  Real 
property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£5037.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  4801.  The 
shores  are  prevailingly  rocky,  but  not 
high,  and  part  of  the  southern  one  has 
bold  cavernous  crags.  The  interior  is 
somewhat  diversified,  and  rises  in  the 
north-west  into  Wideford  Hill,  command- 
ing a  view  of  nearly  all  Orkney.  Curious 
Scandinavian  subterranean  ruins  were  dis- 
covered in  1870  at  Lingrow,  within  half  an 
hour's  walk  of  the  town  ;  remains  of  other 
large  subterranean  buildings  are  at  Save- 
rock  ;  and  two  Picts'  houses  are  in  the 
north-west.  Four  schools  for  700  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them  and 
enlargements  for  320  are  new. 

KIRKWOOD  COLLIERY,  or  BRAEHEAD, 
village  in  Old  Monkland  parish,  Lanark- 
shire.   Pop.  667. 

KIRK-YETHOLM,  part  of  Yetholm  vil- 
lage, Roxburghshire. 

KIRKYETTON,  a  summit  of  the  Pent- 
lands,  2£  miles  south-south-east  of  Colinton, 
Edinburghshire. 

KIRMELL,  fine  small  plain  in  Killin 
parish,  Perthshire. 

KIRN,  modern  watering-place,  comprising 
village  and  quoad  sacra  parish,  suburban 
to  Dunoon,  Argylesbire.  It  extends  along 
the  shore  from  Dunoon  to  mouth  of  Holy 
Loch  ;  consists  chiefly  of  villas  and  ornate 
cottages ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Greenock,  a  steamboat  pier,  2 
hotels,  Established  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  and  a  new  public  school 


KIR 


282 


KNA 


with  capacity  for  150  scholars.  Pop.  of 
village,  472  ;  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  791. 

KIRNAN,  estate,  held  by  ancestors  of 
the  poet  Campbell,  in  Glassary  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

KIROUCHTREE,  seat  in  Minnigaff 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KIRPIRNIE.    See  Kilpirnie. 

KIRRIEMUIR,  town  and  parish  in  west 
of  Forfarshire.  The  town  stands  at  ter- 
minus of  branch  railway,  5  miles  by  road, 
but  8}  by  railway,  west-north-west  of 
Forfar  ;  presented  long  a  mean  appearance, 
but  has  undergone  great  improvement ; 
carries  on  textile  manufacture  and  con- 
siderable country  trade ;  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  4  banking  offices,  several 
good  inns,  2  Established  churches,  2 
Free  churches',  2  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  Original  Secession  and  Episco- 
palian churches,  an  educational  institute, 
and  a  large  public  school.  Pop.  of  town- 
proper,  2937 ;  with  Southmuir  suburb, 
4390. — The  parish  contains  also  the  vil- 
lages of  Northmuir,  Westmuir,  Maryton, 
Padanaram,  and  Sledmuir  ;  consists  of 
two  mutually  detached  sections,  2\ 
miles  asunder  ;  measures,  inclusive  of 
the  intersection,  16|  miles  in  length,  and 
4f  miles  in  greatest  breadth ;  and  comprises 
35,600  acres.  Peal  property  in  1880-81, 
£41,675.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  6616;  quoad 
sacra,  3740.  The  southern  section  contains 
the  town,  lies  in  Strathmore,  and  is  chiefly 
level.  The  northern  section  bears  the 
name  of  Glenprosen,  lies  among  Benchinnan 
Mountains,  and  is  nearly  all  mountainous. 
The  seats  are  Kinnordy,  Balnaboth,  Logie, 
Ballandarg,  and  Shielhill ;  a  chief  antiquity 
is  Inverquharity  Castle  ;  and  interesting 
objects  are  two  rocking-stones  and  several 
artificial  caves.  A  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  is  in  Glenprosen.  Eight  schools 
for  1230  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and 
5  of  them  for  640  are  new. 

KIRRIEMUIR  (SOUTH),  quoad  sacra 
parish  with  church  in  Kirriemuir  town, 
Forfarshire.    Pop.  2701. 

KIRTA,  small  island  near  west  coast  of 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

KIRTLE,  rivulet  running  about  14  miles 
south-south-westward  and  south-eastward 
to  Solway  Firth,  at  1^  mile  south-west  of 
Gretna  Green,  Dumfriesshire. 

KIRTLE-BRIDGE,  village  on  Kirtle 
rivulet,  9  miles  south-east  of  Lockerby, 
Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Ecclef  echan,a  railway  station,  and  a  chapel- 
of-ease. 

KIRTLEFOOT,  hamlet  at  mouth  of 
Kirtle  rivulet,  Dumfriesshire. 

KIRTOMY,  small  bay  and  headland, 
with  cavern,  in  Farr  parish,  Sutherland. 

KISHORN,  sea-loch  and  hamlet  in  south- 
west of  Ross-shire.  The  loch  is  a  pro- 
jection from  Loch  Carron,  3  miles 
north-north-eastward,  on  mutual  border 
of  Applecross  and  Lochcarron  parishes. 
— The  hamlet  lies  on  its  Applecross  side, 


and  has  a  post  office  under  Lochcarron. 
a  Free  church  of  1876,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  43  scholars. 

KISMULL,  bay,  with  strong  old  castle 
on  a  rock  within  it,  in  Barra  Island,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

KISTHILL,  medicinal  spring  in  Spott 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

KITCHEN-LINN,  burn  in  east  end  of 
Cambusnethan  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

KITTERICK,  lofty  hill  in  Minnigaff 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KITTOCK,  burn,  running  5  miles  north- 
westward to  the  White  Cart  at  4  miles 
south-west  of  Glasgow. 

KITTOCKSIDE,  village  on  lower  part  of 
Kittock  burn,  Lanarkshire. 

KITTYBREWSTER,  suburb,  with  railway 
station,  on  north-west  side  of  Aberdeen. 

KITTYFRISTY,  pure  copious  spring  in 
Kilsyth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

KITTYMURE,  medicinal  spring  in  Stone- 
house  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

KITTYS,  coast  cave  in  Fordyce  parish, 
Banffshire. 

KLETT,  small  island  in  Assynt  parish, 
Sutherland. 

KNAICK,  rivulet,  running  7  miles  south- 
eastward to  the  Allan  at  5  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Dunblane,  Perthshire. 

KNAP,  hill  on  south  side  of  junction  of 
Loch  Goil  and  Loch  Long,  Argyleshire. 

KNAPDALE,  district  between  Lorn  and 
Kintyre,  Argyleshire.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Crinan  loch  and  canal;  on 
the  south  by  Tarbert  lochs  and  isthmus. 
Its  length  southward  is  23  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  is  13  miles ;  and  its 
west  side  is  cut  into  three  peninsulas 
by  Loch  Swin  and  Loch  Killisport. 

KNAPDALE  (NORTH),  parish,  compris- 
ing northern  part  of  Knapdale  mainland 
and  Danna  and  Ulva  islands,  in  west  of 
Argyleshire.  It  contains  the  post  office 
villages  of  Bellonach  and  Tayvallich ; 
measures,  on  mainland,  about  14  miles 
by  6 ;  and  comprises  26,293  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £6557.  Pop.  927. 
The  mainland  coast,  along  Jura  Sound, 
and  within  Loch  Swin,  measures  above 
50  miles  ;  and  the  part  of  it  from  Ardnoe 
point  to  Keills  promontory  is  bold  and 
rocky,  and  includes  reaches  of  precipice 
upwards  of  200  feet  high.  The  interior 
is  a  diversity  of  dale  and  hill,  with  much 
wood  and  many  lakes ;  and  culminates 
on  Cruach-Lussa  at  altitude  of  1530  feet 
above  sea-level.  Chief  antiquities  are 
Castle  Swin,  Dundonald  moat,  remains 
of  three  old  forts,  and  ruins  of  two  old 
religious  houses.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free.  There  are  3  schools 
for  235  scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  155  are 
new. 

KNAPDALE  (SOUTH),  parish,  compris- 
ing most  of  southern  part  of  Knapdale, 
in  west  of  Argyleshire.  It  contains 
Ardrishaig  town  and  part  of  Tarbert ; 
measures  about  21  miles  by  10 ;  and  com- 
prises 52,560  acres.     Real  property  in 


KNA 


283 


KNO 


1880-81,  £12,598.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
2522  ;  quoad  sacra,  1202.  The  west  coast 
is  deeply  cut  by  Loch  Killisport.  The 
interior  is  roughly  upland,  mostly  pastoral 
or  waste,  and  very  limitedly  arable.  The 
seats  are  Auchendarroch,  Ormsary,  Inver- 
neill,  Drimdishaig,  Erines,  and  Barmore ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  remains  or  sites  of 
seven  chapels.  Parochial  churches  are 
at  Inverneill  and  Achoich,  a  quoad  sacra 
parish  church  and  a  Free  church  are  in 
Ardrishaig,  and  a  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  is  in  Tarbert.  Three  schools  for 
95  scholars  are  in  the  part  of  the  parish 
exclusive  of  Tarbert,  and  2  of  them  for  48 
are  new. 

KNAPP,  headland  terminating  peninsula 
between  Lochs  Swin  and  Killisport,  in 
Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 

KNEES,  bold  headland,  7  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides. 

KNIGHTLAND,  extensive  flat  tract  in 
Drumblade  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

KNIGHTSRIDGE,  hill  and  estate  in  Liv- 
ingstone parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

KNIGHTSWOOD,  village,  5  miles  north- 
west of  Glasgow.    Pop.  790. 

KNIPE,  hill  in  New  Cumnock  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

KNOCK,  hill,  1409  feet  high,  in  Grange 
parish,  Banffshire. 

KNOCK,  hills  in  Fordyce  parish,  Banff- 
shire ;  in  Ordiquhill  parish,  Banffshire  ;  in 
Alves  parish,  Elginshire ;  in  Edenkillie 
parish,  Elginshire ;  in  Fordoun  parish, 
Kincardineshire ;  in  Lintrathen  parish, 
Forfarshire  ;  in  Crieff  parish,  Perthshire  ; 
in  Bathgate  parish,  Linlithgowshire;  and 
in  each  of  some  other  parishes. 

KNOCK,  isolated  eminence,  said  to  have 
been  death-place  of  King  Robert  II. 's. 
mother,  nearly  midway  between  Renfrew 
and  Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

KNOCK,  headland  in  Boyndie  parish, 
Banffshire. 

KNOCK,  railway  station  adjacent  to 
Knock  Hill,  9J  miles  south  of  Portsoy, 
Banffshire. 

KNOCK,  ruined  tower  in  Glenmuick  par- 
ish, Aberdeenshire. 

KNOCK,  estate,  with  modern  castellated 
mansion  and  renovated  ancient  baronial 
fortalice  on  the  coast,  1|  mile  south  of 
Skelmorlie,  Ayrshire. 

KNOCK,  ruined  old  seat  in  Foveran 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

KNOCK,  ruined  ancient  baronial  fortalice 
in  Sleat  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

KNOCK,  rivulet.    See  Knaick. 

KNOCKAGHAISH,  hill,  982  feet  high,  3 
miles  south  of  Cape  "Wrath,  Sutherland. 

KNOCKANDO,  parish,  containing  Ar- 
chieston  village,  on  south-east  border  of 
Elginshire.  It  has  a  post  office  of  its  own 
name  under  Craigellachie,  measures  about 
15  miles  by  6,  and  comprises  28,134  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8401.  Pop. 
1838.  The  Spey  traces  all  the  north- 
eastern boundary.  The  land  includes  a 
tine  low  tract  adjacent  to  the  river,  rises 


thence  in  diversity  of  heights  and  glens, 
and  terminates  in  upland  moors  and  a 
lofty  mountain  summit.  The  seats  are 
Knockando  House,  Easter  Elchies,  Wester 
Elchies,  and  Glengunnery  ;  the  antiquities 
are  sites  of  four  churches  ;  and  interesting 
objects  are  Craigellachie  rock  and  bridge, 
and  two  caves.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian ; 
and  there  are  5  schools  with  capacity  for 

KNOCKANTSABHAL,  hill  in  south  of 
Eddertoun  parish,  Ross-shire. 

KNOCKARD,  village  in  Barvas  parish, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  136. 

KNOCKBAIN,  parish,  containing  Mun- 
lochy  and  Charleston  villages,  and  north 
side  of  Kessock  ferry,  in  south-east  corner 
of  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office  of  its 
own  name  under  Inverness ;  and  it  measures 
about  6J  miles  by  5^.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £10,019.  Pop.  1866.  The  sur- 
face is  intersected  by  Munlochy  Bay,  lies 
along  Moray  Firth,  and  ascends  thence 
gradually  to  the  summit  of  Mullbuy.  A 
chief  seat  is  Belmaduthy ;  and  a  notable 
spot  is  the  scene  of  a  battle  in  13th  century 
between  the  Macdonalds  and  the  men  of 
Inverness.  The  churches  are  Established 
and  Free.  There  are  4  schools  for  362 
scholars,  and  3  of  them  for  310  are  new. 

KNOCKBEG,  hill,  with  remains  of  ancient 
circular  fort,  in  Aboyne  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

KNOCKBIRNY,  mountain  at  head  of 
Strathoikell  on  mutual  border  of  Ross- 
shire  and  Sutherland.  It  abounds  with 
marble,  both  white  and  coloured. 

KNOCKBRAS,  hill,  1384  feet  high,  near 
Berriedale,  Caithness. 

KNOCKBRECK,  hill  and  stream  in  Jura 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

KNOCKBREX,  or  ARDWALL,  island  in 
Borgue  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KNOCK  CASTLE.  See  Knock,  Ayeshike. 

KNOCKCRAGGY,  terminal  part  of 
mountain-range  overhanging  Kyle  of 
Tongue,  in  Sutherland. 

KNOCKCRAIG,  lofty  hill  in  Kirkmichael 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

KNOCKDAVIE,  ruined  ancient  baronial 
fortalice  in  Burntisland  parish,  Fife. 

KNOCKDAW,  ruined  baronial  fortalice 
in  Colmonell  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KNOCKDERRY,  vestige  of  Scandinavian 
fort  on  Loch  Long,  in  Roseneath  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

KNOCKDOLIAN,  conspicuous  conical 
hill,  mansion,  and  ruined  baronial  fort- 
alice, in  Colmonell  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KNOCKDOW,  seat  in  Inverchaolain 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

KNOCKDURROCH,  eminence,  with  small 
ancient  camp,  near  Monzie  village,  Perth- 
shire. 

KNOCKELDERAVOLL,  mountain  on 
mutual  border  of  Loth  and  Kildonan 
parishes,  Sutherland. 

KNOCKENBAIRD,  hill  in  Insch  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 


KNO 


284 


KYL 


KNOCKFARREL,  acclivitous  hill, 
crowned  with  large  vitrified  fort,  on  south 
side  of  Strathpeffer,  Eoss-shire. 

KNOCKFIN,  mountain  on  mutual  border 
of  Kildonan  and  Eeay  parishes,  Suther- 
land. 

KNOCKFIN,  Inverness-shire.  See 
Fingal's  Fort. 

KNOCKGEORGAN,  hill,  706  feet  high, 
with  vestiges  of  Scandinavian  fort,  and 
with  extensive  magnificent  view,  in 
Ardrossan  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KNOCKGERRAN,  barony  in  Dailly 
parish,  and  including  Ailsa  Craig,  in 
Ayrshire. 

KNOCKHALL,  ruined  castle  in  Foverau 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

KNOCKHALL,  place  of  cattle  markets  in 
St.  Andrews  parish,  Orkney. 

KNOCKIE,  seat  on  Loch  Ness,  5  miles 
north-east  of  Fort-Augustus,  Inverness- 
shire. 

KNO CKINGL A W,  hill  in  Inverury  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

KNOCKINHAGLISH,  hill,  with  site  of 
ancient  church,  in  Drymen  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

KNOCKINNAN,  ruined  ancient  castle  in 
Latheron  parish,  Caithness. 

KNOCKINTIBER,  village  in  Kilmaurs 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

KNOCKLAGAN,  hill  on  west  side  of 
Eddertoun  parish,  Eoss-shire. 

KNOCKLEA,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Strathdon  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

KNOCKLECARLEW,  lofty  hill,  with 
extensive  view  and  with  site  of  Dalriadan 
watch-post,  at  head  of  Auchinchew  vale, 
in  south  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

KNOCKMADE,  barony  in  Neilston 
parish,  Eenfrewshire. 

KNOCKMAHAR,  hill-ridge  in  Blairgowrie 
parish,  Perthshire. 

KNOCKMAN,  lake  in  Dairy  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KNOCK-MORAY,  lofty  hill,  with  exten- 
sive view,  in  Edenkillie  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

_  KNOCKMOY,  lofty  hill,  with  extensive 
view,  adjacent  to  Mull  of  Kintyre,  Argyle- 
shire. 

KNOCKNABAREIVICH,  hill  in  Eeay 
parish,  Caithness. 

KNOCKNAFEDAGH,  hill  in  western 
vicinity  of  Thurso,  Caithness. 

KNOCKNALLING,  seat  in  Kells  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KNOCKNANERANACH,  western  summit 
of  Morven  Mountains,  Caithness. 

KNOCKNAVIE,  wooded  cairn-crowned 
hill  in  Eosskeen  parish,  Eoss-shire. 

KNOCKNOWTON,  eminence,  with  ex- 
tensive view,  in  east  of  Cambusnethan 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

KNOCKPHAIL,  notable  small  green  hill 
in  Kilmuir  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

KNOCKSHOGGLE,  village  and  colliery  in 
Coylton  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KNOCKSIDE,  lofty  hill  in  Largs  parish, 
Ayrshire. 


KNOCKSLEITILL,  lofty  hill  in  Eeay 
parish,  Caithness. 

KNOCKSTING,  lake  in  Dairy  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

KNOWE,  place,  10  miles  west  of  Newton- 
Stewart,  Wigtonshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Kirkcowan. 

KNOWE,  headland  on  south-west  of 
"Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

KNOWES,  three  large  tumuli  in  north- 
east of  Sanday  Island,  Orkney. 

KNOWHEAD,  estate  and  spade  manu- 
factory, 1|  mile  east  of  Denny,  Stirling- 
shire. 

KNOWHEAD,  seat  in  Glassford  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

KNOWS,  place,  with  spinning-mills,  in 
vicinity  of  Beith,  Ayrshire. 

KNOWSOUTH,  seat  in  Bedrule  parish, 
Eoxburghshire. 

KNOX,  conspicuous  farm-steading  in  St. 
Cyrus  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

KNOX  (JOHN),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Aberdeen.    Pop.  6656. 

KNOX  (JOHN),  chapel-of-ease  in  north- 
east of  Glasgow. 

KNOXLAND,  seat  in  vicinity  of  Dum- 
barton. 

KNOYDART,  district  on  west  coast  of 
mainland,  Inverness-shire.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Loch  Hourn,  on  the 
south  by  Loch  Nevis ;  it  measures  21 
miles  in  length,  and  8  in  greatest  breadth  ; 
and  it  contains  Inverie  hamlet,  post  office, 
and  mansion,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  for  a  pop.  of  435,  and  a  public  school. 

KOLLIEBEN,  hill  on  mutual  border  of 
Loth  and  Clyne  parishes,  Sutherland. 

KOLTAG,  verdant  hill  in  Eeay  parish, 
Caithness. 

KYLE,  middle  district  of  Ayrshire.  It 
is  divided  from  Cunningham  by  Irvine 
river,  from  Carrick  by  Doon  river;  and 
it  is  subdivided  into  Kyle-Stewart  on 
the  north,  and  King's  Kyle  on  the  south, 
by  Ayr  river. 

KYLEAKIN,  strait  dividing  Isle  of  Skye 
from  south-western  extremity  of  Eoss- 
shire  mainland,  and  village  on  Skye  side 
of  that  strait.  The  strait  is  short,  and 
scarcely  J  mile  wide,  and  it  leads  west- 
ward from  Loch  Alsh. — The  village  stands 
7|  miles  east-by-north  of  Broadford ;  was 
founded  by  the  late  Lord  Macdonald,  with 
design  to  become  a  town;  adjoins  the 
ruined  strong  fortalice  of  Castle  Maoil; 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Lochalsh,  a 
hotel,  a  pier,  a  ferry,  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  232. 

KYLE  CASTLE,  remains  of  old  fortalice 
in  upper  part  of  Auchinleck  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

KYLE  OF  ASSYNT.    See  Ktle-Skow. 

KYLE  OF  DURNESS,  narrow  bay  project- 
ing 6|  miles  southward  from  west  side  of 
Farouthead,  in  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

KYLE  OF  LAXFORD.    Sec  Laxfobd. 

KYLE  OF  SUTHERLAND,  upper  part  of 
Dornoch  Firth,  between  Sutherland  and 
Eoss-shire. 


KYL 


285 


LAD 


KYLE  OF  TONGUE,  narrow  sea-loch, 
8  miles  long,  intersecting  northern  part 
of  Tongue  parish,  Sutherland. 

KYLE-RHEA,  strait  connecting  Sleat 
Sound  with  Loch  Alsh,  between  mainland 
and  Isle  of  Skye.  It  is  about  £  mile  wide, 
is  swept  by  very  rapid  tidal  current,  is 
overhung  on  the  Skye  side  by  lofty 
mountains,  and  has  a  ferry  and  an  inn. 

KYLES,  hill  in  Polwarth  parish,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

KYLESHILL,  place  in  Stevenston  parish, 
Ayrshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  110  scholars. 

KYLE-SKOW,  narrow  sea-loch  on  mutual 
boundary  of  Edderachyllis  and  Assynt 
parishes,  Sutherland.  It  commences  at 
head  of  large  semicircular  bay ;  goes  5 
miles  east-by-southward,  with  maximum 
width  of  about  a  mile  ;  and  then  splits 
into  two  branches,  Lochs  Dhu  and  Coul, 
each  about  3  miles  long. 

KYLESMURE,  ancient  barony  in  Mauch- 
line  parish,  Ayrshire. 

KYLES  OF  BUTE,  semicircular  offset  of 
Firth  of  Clyde,  dividing  northern  half  of 
Bute  Island  from  Argyleshire,  measuring 
about  17  miles  from  end  to  end,  and 
flanked  all  round  by  rich  diversity  of  pic- 
turesque scenery.  Its  east  end,  at  opening 
into  Rothesay  Bay,  is  about  1^  mile  wide  ; 
its  middle  reaches,  throughout  much  of 
their  aggregate,  have  an  average  width  of 
about  only  a  furlong;  and  its  west  end, 
at  Ardlamont  Point,  dividing  it  from 
mouth  of  Loch  Fyne,  has  a  width  of  about 
3  miles.  Lochs  Striven  and  Blddan  strike 
northward  from  it  into  Cowal. 

KYLESTROME,  place,  with  large  remains 
of  Scandinavian  fort,  in  Edderachyllis 
parish,  Sutherland. 

KYMAGH,  rivulet  running  7  miles  south- 
westward  to  the  Li  vet  in  Banffshire. 

KYPE,  rivulet  running  8  miles  windingly 
northward  to  the  Avon,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Strath avon,  Lanarkshire. 

EYPES-RIGG,  hill-ridge,  2£  miles  long, 
flanking  Kype  rivulet,  Lanarkshire. 


LACHT,  vestige  of  ancient  strong  castle 
on  cliff  in  deep  glen  in  Dalmellington 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

LACKER  STONE,  barrow  in  Kettle  parish, 
Fife. 

LACKSTA,  salmon -stream  in  Harris, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

LACOCK,  section  of  Fowlis  village, 
Perthshire. 

LADDER,  lofty  acclivitous  rock,  formerly 
surmounted  by  fortalice,  at  Awe  Pass, 
on  Awe  river,  Argyleshire. 

LADDER,  coast  cave  in  Airdmeanach,  on 
west  coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

LADDERS,  rude  stair  on  precipitous 
bank  of  Trossachs,  formerly  the  only  means 
of  access  to  foot  of  Loch  Katrine,  on  south- 
west border  of  Perthshire. 

LADEDDA,  hill  in  Ceres  parish,  Fife. 

LADHOPE,  quoad  sacra  parish,  contain- 


ing part  of  Galashiels  town,  on  mutual 
border  of  Koxburgh  shire  and  Selkirkshire. 
It  was  constituted  in  1855,  and  it  has 
Established  and  Free  churches,  with  re- 
spectively 900  and  550  sittings.  Pop. 
6576. 

LADSHAW,  mountain,  1527  feet  high, 
13  miles  north-north-west  of  Langholm, 
Dumfriesshire. 

LADY,  parish  comprising  north-eastern 
section  of  Sanday  Island,  Orkney.  Its 
length  is  8^  miles,  and  its  breadth  varies 
from  less  than  a  furlong  to  3£  miles.  Real 
property,  with  rest  of  Sanday,  in  1880-81, 
£6023.  Pop.  945.  About  one-third  of 
the  land  is  waste,  and  the  rest  is  variously 
pastoral  and  arable.    See  Sanday. 

LADY,  rocky  islet,  5£  miles  north-west- 
by-north  of  Ayr  harbour,  Ayrshire. 

LADY,  burn  entering  the  Eden  at  Cupar, 
Fife. 

LADY,  small  bay  on  north  coast  of  Kirk- 
colm  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

LADY,  romantic  glen,  with  site  of 
ancient  chapel,  in  Dailly  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

LADY,  quondam  chapel  of  14th  century, 
in  ravine  near  Cambuslang  parochial 
church,  Lanarkshire. 

LADY,  quondam  ancient  chapel  at 
Duncansby,  in  north-east  corner  of  Caith- 
ness. 

LADY,  half-sunk  insulated  rock  near 
Duart  Castle,  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 
It  was  the  scene  of  a  tragical  event,  noted 
in  Campbell's  Glenara,  and  Joanna  Baillie's 
Family  Legend. 

LADY,  notable  wells  in  Airth  parish, 
Stirlingshire  ;  in  Balmerino  parish,  Fife ; 
in  Falkland  parish,  Fife  ;  in  old  north- 
eastern part  of  Glasgow ;  in  Glenisla 
parish,  Forfarshire ;  in  Grange  parish, 
Banffshire  ;  and  in  some  other  Scottish 
places. 

LADYBANK,  town,  5|  miles  south- 
west of  Cupar,  Fife.  It  stands  at  the 
junction  of  the  railways  from  Tayport  and 
Perth,  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
a  railway  station  and  depot,  a  banking 
office,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church  of 
1882,  and  a  public  school  with  about  246 
scholars.    Pop.  1072. 

LADYBURN,  place,  with  chapel-of-ease, 
in  West  Kirk  section  of  Greenock,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

LADY  GLENORCHY,  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  Established  and  Free  churches,  in 
Edinburgh.    Pop.  6043. 

LADYHILL,  hillock,  with  vestige  of  fort, 
at  west  end  of  Elgin. 

LADYKIRK,  hamlet  and  parish  on 
south-east  border  of  Berwickshire.  The 
hamlet  lies  adjacent  to  the  Tweed,  5^ 
miles  north-north-east  of  Coldstream,  and 
has  a  post  office  designated  of  Berwick- 
shire, a  renovated  old  Gothic  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  105  scholars.— 
The  parish  contains  also  Horndean  andl 
Upsetlington  villages,  measures  4  miles  by 


LAD 


286 


LAI 


2j,  and  comprises  3380  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £6783.  Pop.  438. 
The  surface  rises  gently  from  the  Tweed, 
and  has  a  few  swells,  but  is  mostly  flat 
and  very  fertile.  The  only  mansion  is 
Ladykirk  House,  and  the  chief  antiquity 
is  a  slight  vestige  of  a  religious  house  of 
12th  century.  Three  springs,  surmounted 
by  modern  pillars,  and  called  Nun's, 
Monk's,  and  St.  Mary's,  are  near  that 
vestige.  A  United  Presbyterian  church  is 
in  Horndean. 

LADYKIRK,  ancient  parish,  comprising 
south  -  western  limb  of  Stronsay  Island, 
Orkney.  It  is  now  united  to  Stronsay 
parish. 

LADYKIRK,  ancient  parish,  comprising 
northern  part  of  Westray  Island,  Orkney. 
It  is  now  united  to  "Westray  parish. 

LADYKIRK,  estate,  with  remains  of 
ancient  chapel,  in  Monkton  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

LADYLAND,  suburb  of  Glengarnock, 
and  estate  with  modern  mansion,  in  Kil- 
birnie  parish,  Ayrshire.  The  suburb  has 
a  public  school  with  about  263  scholars. 

LADYLOAN,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  Arbroath, 
Forfarshire.    Pop.  4049. 

LADY'S,  notable  wells  in  Aboyne  parish, 
Aberdeenshire ;  in  Alloa  parish,  Clack- 
mannanshire ;  in  Avoch  parish,  Ross- 
shire  ;  in  Bedrule  parish,  Roxburghshire  ; 
in  Daviot  parish,  Aberdeenshire ;  in  Kin- 
cardine parish,  Ross-shire ;  in  Marnoch 
parish,  Banffshire ;  in  Stow  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire ;  in  Traquair  parish,  Peebles- 
shire ;  and  in  "Whitekirk  parish,  Hadding- 
tonshire. 

LADY'S  BRIDGE,  railway  station,  2| 
miles  west  of  Banff. 

LADYSFORD,  seat  in  Fyvie  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

LADY'S  SEAT,  lofty  hill -peak,'  with 
extensive  view,  in  Eddertoun  parish,  Ross- 
shire.  ' 

LADY  YESTER,  parish  in  south  side  of 
Edinburgh.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3041; 
quoad  sacra,  1593. 

LAG,  hamlet  adjacent  to  Kiimorie 
church  in  mouth  of  Torlin  glen,  in  south 
of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

LAG,  ruined  massive  old  tower  in  Dun- 
score  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

LAGG,  hamlet  on  east  coast  of  Jura 
Island,  Argyleshire.  It  lies  opposite  Keills 
in  Knapdale,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Greenock,  an  inn,  and  a  ferry. 

LAGGA,  tract,  about  10  miles  long,  on 
coast  of  Loch  Sunart,  Argyleshire. 

LAGGAN,  parish  comprising  upper  part 
of  Badenoch  district,  Inverness-shire.  It 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  depart- 
ment, under  Kingussie,  and  it  measures 
about  22  miles  in  both  length  and  breadth. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £15,041.  Pop. 
917.  The  Central  Grampians,  cut  by 
Loch  Ericht,  are  on  the  south-eastern 
border ;  the  Monadhleadh  Mountains,  in 
their  alpine  parts  around  the  sources  of 


the  Spey,  are  on  the  north-western  border ; 
and  other  wild  lofty  mountains,  intersected 
by  corries,  ravines,  and  narrow  glens, 
occupy  most  of  the  interior  parts.  A  tract 
about  3  miles  broad,  along  upper  part  of 
the  Spey,  contains  nearly  all  the  inhabi- 
tants. Loch  Laggan  extends  about  7  miles 
to  the  south-western  boundary,  has  a  mean 
breadth  of  about  a  mile,  is  overlooked  by 
the  ruined  mansion  of  Ardverikie,  and 
discharges  from  its  foot  the  river  Spean. 
The  present  mansions  are  Cluny  Castle, 
Glentruim,  Falls  of  Truim,  and  Glenshirra ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  remains  of  a  very 
strong  fort,  ruins  of  an  old  church,  and 
alleged  grave  of  five  early  Scottish  kings. 
The  churches  are  Established,  Free,  and 
Roman  Catholic.  There  are  4  schools  for 
263  scholars,  and  3  of  them  for  215  are  new. 

LAGGAN,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Anwoth  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

LAGGAN,  beautiful  conical  hill  in  Moni- 
vaird  parish,  Perthshire. 

LAGGAN,  bay  on  east  side  of  Lochindaal, 
Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

LAGGAN,  headland,  with  large  cavern, 
on  Loch  Buy,  in  south-east  side  of  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

LAGGAN,  lake  formed  by  expansion  of 
Evelix  rivulet,  in  Criech  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

LAGGANTALLOCH,  headland  in  west  of 
Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

LAGGAN-ULVA,  hamlet  on  Loch  Tuadh, 
west  coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

LAGGAVOULIN,  village  and  bay,  4  miles 
north-east  of  Port-Ellen,  Islay  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

LAICH,  sea-loch  striking  south-eastward 
to  Bunessan  village,  in  south-west  of  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

LAID,  place  in  north-west  of  Sutherland. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Lairg. 

LAIGH,  tract  traversed  by  Meikle  river 
in  Lochbroom  parish,  Ross-shire. 

LAIGHDOORS,  place,  6  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Crieff,  Perthshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Crieff. 

LAIGHTOWN,  section  of  Fenwick  village, 
Ayrshire. 

LAIGHWOOD,  barony  in  Clunie  parish, 
Perthshire. 

LAINSHAW,  seat  in  Stewarton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

LAIRDMANNOCH,  series  of  cascades  on 
Tarf  rivulet,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

LAIRDS,  lofty  hill,  with  magnificent 
view,  in  Kilsyth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

LAIRG,  village  and  parish  in  south  centre 
of  Sutherland.  The  village  stands  9  miles 
north-by-west  of  Bonar-Bridge,  and  has 
a  head  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  a  railway  station, 
a  banking  office,  a  good  inn,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school. — 
The  parish  measures  19  miles  in  length, 
and  from  6  to  15  miles  in  breadth.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £8204.  Pop.  1355. 
Most  of  the  boundaries  are  formed  by 
lofty  mountain  watersheds,  and  most  of 


LAI 


287 


LAN 


the  interior  consists  of  wild  uplands, 
mostly  declining  toward  Loch  Shin.  That 
lake  intersects  the  greater  part  of  the 
interior  soxvth-eastward  through  the  centre, 
and  a  number  of  minor  lakes  lie  among  the 
uplands.  An  extensive  process  of  reclama- 
tion of  moor  was  commenced  in  1873  by 
the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  and  cost  for  some 
years  about  £24  per  acre.  Knock-a-chath, 
'  the  hill  of  fight,'  has  a  number  of  tumuli, 
and  is  believed  to  have  been  a  battle-scene 
between  the  Sutherlands  and  the  Mackays. 
There  are  2  schools  with  capacity  for  120 
scholars. 

LAIRG,  hill-pass  in  Eddertoun  parish, 
Koss-shire. 

LAIRNEY,  seat  near  Kincardine-O'Neil 
village,  Aberdeenshire. 

LAITHERS,  estate  in  Turriff  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

LAKEFIELD,  seat  and  public  school,  the 
latter  with  about  75  scholars,  in  Glen- 
urquhart,  Inverness-shire. 

LAKEHEAD,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Kirkmahoe  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

LAMANCHA,  hamlet  and  seat,  20£  miles 
by  railway  south-by-west  of  Edinburgh. 
The  hamlet  has  a  post  office  designated  of 
Peeblesshire,  a  raiL/ay  station,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  63  scholars. 

LAMB,  headland,  with  large  Picts'  house, 
in  south-east  of  Stronsay  Island,  Orkney. 

LAMB,  islet,  1^  mile  north-west  of 
North  Berwick,  Haddingtonshire. 

LAMBA,  island  in  Yell  Sound,  Shetland. 

LAMBANESS,  headland  at  north-east 
extremity  of  Unst  Island,  Shetland. 

LAMBANESS,  small  headland  on  west 
side  of  Otterswick  Bay,  Sanday  Island, 
Orkney. 

LAMBERTON,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Mordington,  on  south-east  border  of 
Berwickshire.  Its  church  was  the  mar- 
riage-place of  King  James  iv.,  and  the 
scene  of  an  international  convention  in 
1573 ;  and  its  toll-bar  was  long  a  place  of 
runaway  marriages  in  the  east,  like  Gretna 
in  the  west. 

LAMBHILL,  village  in  Maryhill  parish, 
near  Glasgow.    Pop.  298. 

LAMBHILL,  estate  in  Avondale  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

LAMBHILL,  place,  with  quondam  slate 
quarry,'  in  Forgue  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LAMBHOGA,  hill,  with  turbary,  in 
Fetlar  parish,  Shetland. 

LAMBHOLM,  island  in  Holm  Sound, 
Orkney.    Pop.  8. 

LAMGARROCH,  lofty  hill  in  Tynron 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

LAMINGTON,  village  and  parish  in 
upper  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village 
stands  on  burn  of  its  own  name  adjacent 
to  the  Clyde,  10  miles  south-south-east  of 
Carstairs  Junction,  is  a  decayed  ancient 
place,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Biggar,  a  rail- 
way station,  a  church  which  retained  till 
recent  times  the  old  '  cutty  stool '  and 
'jouggs,'  and  a  public  school  with  about 


50  scholars. — The  parish  measures  about 
7f  miles  by  3f,  and  comprises  12,820  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £7921.  Pop. 
316.  The  surface  includes  some  fertile 
alluvial  lands,  but  is  mostly  hilly  and 
bleak.  Lamington  barony  belonged  to  the 
wife  of  Sir  William  Wallace  ;  and  Laming- 
ton Tower  on  it,  once  a  splendid  ancient  edi- 
fice, is  now  a  small  ruin  not  far  from  the 
village.  Other  antiquities  are  Caledonian 
works  on  Arbory  Hill,  three  Roman  camps 
at  Whitehill,  and  a  number  of  other  camps 
and  a  moat  in  other  parts. 

LAMLASH,  village  and  bay  on  east  coast  of 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  The  village  stands 
at  the  bay's  head,  5^  miles  south-south- 
east of  Brodick,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Arran,  a  banking  office,  a 
hotel,  a  good  stone  pier,  a  parochial  church, 
and  2  public  schools  with  about  125  scholars. 
Pop.  219. — The  bay  measures  about  3  miles 
across  the  mouth,  has  a  horse-shoe  outline, 
is  more  than  half  occupied  in  outer  part 
by  Holy  Isle,  enjoys  complete  shelter 
from  every  wind,  and  is  a  remarkably 
excellent  refuge -harbour. 

LAMLOCH,  lake  in  Cadder  parish,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

LAMMERLAW,  summit  of  Lammer- 
moors,  8£  miles  south  of  Haddington.  It 
has  a  height  of  1732  feet  above  sea-level, 
is  the  loftiest  of  the  Lammermoors,  and 
gives  name  to  the  entire  range. 

LAMMERMOORS,  hill-range  on  mutual 
border  of  Haddingtonshire  and  Berwick- 
shire. It  extends  from  vale  of  Gala  river 
eastward  to  German  Ocean  ;  is  26  miles 
long,  and  averagely  about  10^  miles  broad ; 
and  was  formerly  covered  with  forest,  but  is 
now  for  the  most  part  bleak  sheep-pasture. 

LAMNA,  island  in  south-west  of  Yell 
Sound,  Shetland. 

LAMONT,  seat  and  bay  on  west  side  of 
peninsula  between  Loch  Fyne  and  Kyles 
of  Bute,  Argyleshire. 

LANARK,  town  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  town  stands 
on  a  fine  high  slope,  about  J  mile  from 
right  bank  of  the  Clyde,  4f  miles  south- 
west of  Carstairs  Junction,  and  25  by  road 
south-east-by-east  of  Glasgow ;  is  believed 
to  have  sprung  from  the  Roman  station 
Colonia;  was  the  meeting-place  of  a 
Scottish  parliament  in  978,  the  earliest 
one  on  record ;  had  a  royal  castle,  occa- 
sionally occupied  by  William  the  Lion 
and  other  kings ;  figured  prominently  in 
the  history  of  Sir  William  Wallace  ;  was 
one  of  the  four  original  Scottish  royal 
burghs ;  ranked  long  as  the  capital  of 
the  country  on  the  Clyde  and  its  affluents 
down  to  Dumbartonshire  and  Ayrshire ; 
ranks  now  as  the  capital  of  upper  ward  of 
Lanarkshire,  and  as  a  burgh  uniting  with 
Hamilton,  Airdrie,  Linlithgow,  and  Falkirk 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  gives 
the  title  of  earl  to  the  Duke  of  Hamilton ; 
is  engirt,  to  a  far  distance,  by  richly  pic- 
turesque country;  attracts  multitudes  of 


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strangers  for  visiting  the  falls  of  Clyde ; 
carries  on  considerable  amount  of  miscel- 
laneous business  ;  publishes  a  weekly  news- 
paper ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  a  railway  station,  4  banking 
offices,  4  hotels,  county  buildings  of  1834, 
a  parochial  church  of  1777,  with  colossal 
statue  of  Sir  William  Wallace  over  its 
door,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church  of 
1867,  a  Free  church,  2  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  Evangelical  Union  and 
Episcopalian  churches,  a  Roman  Catholic 
church  of  1858-59  erected  at  a  cost  of 
about  £15,000,  an  interesting  ruin  of  an- 
cient church  on  site  of  Culdee  cell,  a 
cemetery  around  that  ruin  with  grave  of 
a  martyred  Covenanter  and  grave  of  the 
persecutor  Bonshaw,  a  bowling-green  on 
site  of  the  ancient  royal  castle,  a  grammar 
school,  an  educational  institute,  and  6 
other  schools.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£13,108.  Pop.  4910.— The  parish  contains 
also  the  villages  of  New  Lanark  and  Cart- 
land  ;  measures  about  6£  miles  by  4^ ; 
and  comprises  10,385  acres.  Real  property 
of  landward  part  in  1880-81,  £20,814. 
Pop.  of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia,  7580 ; 
quoad  sacra,  4327.  The  river  Clyde 
traces  all  the  south-eastern  and  south- 
western boundaries,  and  achieves,  on  the 
latter,  all  its  famous  falls  ;  and  the  rivulet 
Mouse,  running  to  the  Clyde,  cuts  the 
interior  into  two  not  very  unequal  parts, 
and  traverses,  in  its  lower  reach,  the 
celebrated  ravine  of  Cartland  Crags.  The 
land  is  mostly  an  elevated  plateau,  bi- 
sected by  the  Mouse,  and  flanked  partly 
by  gentle  slopes,  partly  by  steep  decli- 
vities, downward  to  the  Clyde.  A  high 
part  of  it,  called  Lanark  Moor,  was  for- 
merly an  unsightly  waste,  but  is  now 
adorned  with  wood;  and  all  other  parts 
are  embellished  with  mansions,  parks,  and 
well-cultivated  fields.  Chief  seats  are 
Lee,  Bonnington,  Smyllum,  Cleghorn,  and 
Sunnyside  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  traces 
of  the  Roman  Watling  Street,  remains  of 
two  Roman  camps,  vestiges  of  Castle  Qua, 
and  the  remnant  of  a  lofty  tower  on  Castle- 
hill.  Fifteen  schools  for  1838  scholars  are 
in  the  parish,  and  3  of  them  for  265  are  new. 

LANARK  (NEW),  manufacturing  village 
on  the  Clyde,  about  a  mile  south-south- 
west of  Lanark.  It  was  founded  in  1784 
by  the  philanthropic  David  Dale  ;  it  be- 
came, for  a  number  of  years  till  1827, 
the  scene  of  the  socialistic  experiments 
of  Robert  Owen ;  and  it  has  a  post  office 
under  Lanark,  cotton  factories,  and  a  large 
school.    Pop.  706. 

LANARK  (ST.  LEONARD),  quoad  sacra 
parish  with  church  in  Lanark.    Pop.  3253. 

LANARKSHIRE,  county  nearly  identical 
with  the  basin  of  the  Clyde  from  that 
river's  sources  downward  to  north-western 
vicinity  of  Glasgow,  and  often  called 
Clydesdale.  Its  length  is  52  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  34  miles ;  its  area  889 
square  miles.  It  is  divided,  for  adminis- 
trative purposes,  into  three  wards,  upper, 


middle,  and  lower  ;  and  into  four  districts, 
Lanark,  Airdrie,  Hamilton,  and  Glasgow. 
The  upper  ward  comprises  about  three- 
fifths  of  the  entire  area  ;  is  separated  from 
adjoining  counties  by  lofty  mountain 
watershed  ;  has  summits  there  2258,  2483, 
and  2454  feet  of  altitude  above  sea-level ; 
consists  mostly  of  mountains,  upland 
wastes,  wild  moors,  and  pastoral  heights  ; 
and  includes,  adjacent  to  the  Clyde  and 
its  affluents,  a  considerable  aggregate  of 
fertile  holms  and  other  low  arable  lands. 
The  middle  ward  is  broadly  bordered  by 
lofty  hills  and  broad  moors ;  declines 
thence  in  plateaus  and  undulations,  in- 
tersected by  ravines ;  comprises  a  large 
aggregate  of  arable  land,  at  elevations  of 
from  250  to  about  400  feet  above  sea- 
level;  and  includes  a  rich  low  orchard 
tract  along  its  centre,  with  such  depression 
and  flanking  as  to  be  called  the  Trough  of 
Clyde.  The  lower  ward  is  much  smaller 
than  even  the  middle  one  ;  includes,  on  its 
south-west  side,  the  moderate  hill-ridge  of 
Dechmont  and  Cathkin ;  and  exhibits 
elsewhere  the  aspect  of  a  plain  slightly 
diversified  with  rising-grounds.  The 
streams  of  the  county,  with  trivial 
exceptions,  are  the  Clyde  and  its  affluents  ; 
and  the  lakes,  though  numerous,  are  all 
small.  The  rocks  of  the  upper  ward  are 
principally  Silurian ;  and  those  of  the 
middle  and  lower  wards  are  extensively 
carboniferous,  with  great  wealth  of  coal, 
ironstone,  limestone,  and  sandstone. 
The  agriculture  made  early,  steady,  rapid 
progress,  and  has  long  been  in  high  con- 
dition. The  mining,  iron-working,  and 
manufacturing  industries  have  not  been 
excelled  by  those  of  any  part  of  the 
empire.  The  commerce  also  is  great,  and 
has  its  focus  in  Glasgow.  The  country 
belonged  to  the  Caledonian  Damnii ;  was 
overrun,  and  for  some  time  dominated, 
by  the  Romans ;  formed  part  of  the 
kingdom  of  Cumbria  or  Strathclyde,  and 
made  some  figure  in  the  history  of  the 
early  Scoto-Saxon  kings  ;  and  it  possesses 
many  antiquities  of  all  the  times  from  the 
Caledonian  to  the  mediaeval.  The  chief 
town  is  the  greater  part  of  Glasgow. 
Other  towns  with  each  more  than  15,000 
inhabitants  are  Govan,  Partick,  Airdrie, 
and  Coatbridge  ;  others  with  each  more 
than  9000  are  Hamilton  and  Rutherglen  ; 
others  with  each  more  than  5000  are 
Wish  aw,  Motherwell,  Lanark,  Maryhill, 
and  Springburn ;  others  with  each  more 
than  2000  are  Hillhead,  Baillieston, 
Bellshill,  Calderbank,  Cambuslang,  Car- 
luke, Holytown,  Larkhall,  Newmains,. 
Rosehall,  Stonehouse,  Strathavon,  Toll- 
cross,  and  Shettleston ;  others  with  each 
more  than  1000  are  Biggar,  Blantyre- 
works,  Bothwell,  Cambusnethan,  Car- 
fin,  Chapelhall,  Coatdyke,  Craigneuk, 
Douglas,  Leadhills,  Calder  -  Ironworks, 
Mossend,  Overtown,  Shotts  -  Ironworks, 
East  Kilbride,  Lesmahagow,  Newarthill, 
Uddingston,   and  Whiteinch ;    and  the 


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villages  with  each  more  than  300  amount 
to  61.  Glasgow  sends  three  members  to 
Parliament ;  Lanark,  Airdrie,  Hamilton, 
and  Rutherglen  unite  with  other  burghs 
in  sending  two  ;  Glasgow  University  unites 
with  that  of  Aberdeen  in  sending  one ;  and 
the  north  and  south  sections  of  the  county, 
exclusive  of  the  burghs,  send  each  one. 
Real  property  of  landward  part  of  upper 
ward  in  1880-81,  £337,391 ;  of  landward 
part  of  middle  ward,  £886,568 ;  of  land- 
ward part  of  lower  ward,  £815,064.  Pop. 
of  the  entire  county  in  1831,  316,819  ;  in 
1851,  530,169  ;  in  1871,  765,339  ;  in  1881, 
904,102.  Pop.  in  1881  of  Lanark  district, 
46,118;  of  Airdrie  district,  84,909;  of 
Hamilton  district,  120,454;  of  Glasgow 
district,  662,621. 

LANCE,  lake,  4  miles  north-east  of  Fort- 
Augustus,  Inverness-shire. 

LANCEFIELD,  berthage-place  for  heavy 
screw-steamers  on  north  side  of  Glasgow 
harbour. 

LANDERICK,  place,  with  fosse-engirt 
tumulus,  in  Aiilie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

LANDHEAD,  hill  in  Kingoldrum  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

LANG,  lake  in  Lanark  parish,Lanarkshire. 

LANG,  affluent  of  Clitrig  rivulet,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

LANGA,  island  in  Tingwall  parish,  Shet- 
land. 

LANGAL,  extensive  reclaimable  moss, 
adjacent  to  Loch  Shiel,  in  Moydart, 
Inverness-shire. 

LANGANDUIN,  place,  with  Scandi- 
navian dune,  near  Janetown,  Ross-shire. 

LANGAVAT,  lake,  1\  miles  long,  on  south 
border  of  Lewis-proper,  Outer  Hebrides. 

LANGBANK,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  on  north  verge  of  Renfrewshire. 
The  village  stands  adjacent  to  the  Clyde, 
4£  miles  east-south-east  of  Port-Glasgow  ; 
includes  a  chain  of  new  ornate  cottages ; 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Port-Glasgow, 
a  railway  station,  Established  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  commodious 
school.  Pop.  of  the  village,  322  ;  of  the 
quoad  sacra  parish,  575. 

LANGBAR,  village  on  mutual  border 
of  Beith  and  Dairy  parishes,  Ayrshire. 
Pop.  233. 

LANGHAUGH,  place,  with  site  of  peel- 
tower,  in  Manor  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

LANGHOLM,  town  and  parish  in  Esk- 
dale,  Dumfriesshire.  The  town  stands  on 
Esk  river,  at  terminus  of  branch  railway, 
amid  delightful  environs,  1\  miles  north- 
west of  Biddings  Junction,  and  18  by  road 
north-east  of  Annan  ;  comprises  old  sec- 
tion, with  central  market-place,  and  new 
section  in  form  of  triangle ;  publishes  a 
weekly  newspaper;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  a  railway  station,  2  banking 
offices,  a  first-class  hotel,  a  steepled  town 
hall,  a  spacious  parochial  church  of  1846, 
a  Free  church,  2  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  an  Evangelical  Union  church, 
a  mission  church  of  1881,  2  public  schools 


with  about  429  scholars,  and  a  statue  of 
Sir  Pulteney  Malcolm,  and  is  adjacent  to 
a  lofty,  conspicuous,  obeliskal  monument 
of  Sir  John  Malcolm,  and  to  the  Duke 
of  Buccleuch's  seat  of  Langholm  Lodge. 
Pop.  4209. — The  parish  measures  8|  miles 
by  5£,  and  comprises  16,971  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £17,744.  Pop.  4612. 
The  Esk  cuts  the  interior  southward  into 
two  equal  parts  ;  and  Ewes  and  Wauchope 
rivulets  bisect  these  parts,  and  enter  the 
Esk  at  the  town.  Bich  arable  land  lies 
along  reaches  of  the  streams,  and  smooth 
verdant  pastoral  hills  occupy  most  of  the 
rest  of  the  area.  The  seats  are  Langholm 
Lodge  and  Broomholm ;  and  the  antiqui- 
ties are  ruins  or  vestiges  of  three  old 
castles,  traces  of  a  Roman  road,  and 
supposed  site  of  a  Caledonian  town. 
There  are  4  schools  for  758  scholars,  and 
part  of  1  of  them  for  220  is  new. 

LANGHOUSE,  seat  in  Innerkip  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

LANGLANDS,  village  in  Wilton  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

LANGLEE,  seat  in  Jedburgh  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

LANGLEY,  estate  in  Dun  parish,  For- 
farshire. 

LANGLOAN,  north-western  section  of 
Coatbridge,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  rail- 
way station,  a  range  of  smelting  furnaces, 
a  monument  of  1880  to  the  native  poetess 
Janet  Hamilton,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  307  scholars. 

LANGRIGG  (EAST  and  WEST),  villages  in 
New  Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire.  Pop. 
519  and  333. 

LANGSHAW,  place  in  Melrose  parish, 
Roxburghshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Galashiels,  and  a  public  school. 

LANGSHAW,  seat  inKirkpatrick-Fleming 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

LANGSHAW,  burn  and  lime-works  in 
Carluke  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LANGSIDE,  town,  mansion,  and  battle- 
field of  1568,  adjacent  to  south-west  side 
of  Queen's  Park,  1\  miles  south-south-west 
of  centre  of  Glasgow.  The  town  has  a 
chapel-of-ease.    Pop.  2105. 

LANGTON,  parish,  containing  Gavinton 
post  office  village,  near  centre  of  Berwick- 
shire. Its  length  is  fully  6  miles  ;  its 
breadth  fully  3  miles  ;  its  area  7139  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8157.  Pop. 
505.  The  north-western  section  is  part 
of  the  Lammermoors,  comprises  hills  from 
500  to  1056  feet  high,  and  is  all  pastoral. 
The  south-eastern  section  is  part  of  the 
Merse,  and  is  all  fertile  and  richly  em- 
bellished. Langton  House  was  founded  in 
1862  by  the  Marquis  of  Breadalbane,  and 
passed  at  his  death  to  Lady  Elizabeth 
Pringle.  Langton  village  covered  the 
ground  now  occupied  by  that  mansion, 
figured  much  in  the  Border  warfare,  and 
was  erased  in  1760  to  be  succeeded  by 
Gavinton.  Existing  antiquities  are  traces, 
of  two  camps  and  two  military  stations. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  Free,. 

T 


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and  the  former  was  rebuilt  in  1873.  The 
public  school  is  new,  and  has  capacity  for 
120  scholars. 

LANGWELL,  mansion  and  rivulet  on 
south  border  of  Caithness.  The  mansion 
stands  near  Berriedale  village,  and  belongs 
to  the  Duke  of  Portland.  The  rivulet 
rises  among  the  Morven  Mountains,  and 
runs  about  12  miles  eastward  to  confluence 
with  Berriedale  rivulet  near  the  mansion. 

LANRICK,  modern  seat  on  Teith  river, 
3  miles  west-by-north  of  Doune,  Perth- 
shire. The  estate  around  it  is  called 
Lendrick  in  The  Lady  of  the  Lake. 

LANRIG.    See  Longridge. 

LANTON,  village,  2^  miles  west-north- 
west of  Jedburgh,  Roxburghshire.  It  has 
a  peel-tower  and  a  public  school. 

LANY,  ancient  parish,  now  partly  united 
to  Port-of-Monteith,  Perthshire. 

LAOGHAL.    See  Loyal. 

LAOIDEAN.    See  Lydoch. 

LAORBEN,  mountain,  3341  feet  high,  on 
south  side  of  Loch  Hourn,  Inverness-shire. 

LAPPOCH,  dangerous  rock,  1£  mile  south- 
south -west  of  mouth  of  Irvine  river,  in 
bay  of  Ayr. 

LARACHBEG,  place  in  riorth-west  of 
Argyleshire  mainland.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Oban. 

LARAN,  affluent  of  Fruin  rivulet,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 

LARBERT,  village  and  parish  in  east  of 
Stirlingshire.  The  village  stands  3  miles 
west-north-west  of  Falkirk,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
designated  of  Stirlingshire,  a  railway 
station,  a  parochial  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  215  scholars.  Pop. 
831. — The  parish  contains  also  Stenhouse- 
muir  town,  most  of  West  Carron  and 
Kinnaird  villages,  and  nearly  half  of 
Carronsbore.  Its  length  is  3j  miles;  its 
greatest  breadth  about  1\  miles ;  its  area 
3963  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£20,966.  Pop.  6346.  The  river  Carron 
traces  all  the  southern  boundary.  The 
land  is  nowhere  higher  than  about  100 
feet  above  sea-level,  and  slopes  toward  the 
Carron  and  the  east.  The  chief  seats  are 
Larbert  House,  Glenbervie,  Kinnaird, 
Carronhall,  and  Carronpark ;  the  chief 
antiquities  are  traces  of  a  Bom  an  road 
and  the  site  of  Arthur's  Oven ;  and  a 
notable  place  is  the  scene  of  the  Falkirk 
cattle  trysts.  There  is  a  Free  church  for 
Larbert  and  Dunipace ;  and  there  are, 
for  Larbert  alone,  7  schools,  with  capacity 
for  961  scholars.  The  Scottish  National 
Institute  for  imbecile  children  also  is  here, 
has  capacity  for  250,  and  had  71  boys  and 
45  girls  at  beginning  of  1880. 

LARBRAX,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Leswalt  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

LARCHHILL,  seat  near  Moffat,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

LARG,  ruined  castle  in  south  of  Minni- 
gaff  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

LARG,  remains  of  castle  in  east  of  Inch 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 


LARG,  lofty  hill  in  Kirkmabreck  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

LARG,  hill-range  in  north  of  Urr  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire . 

LARGIE,  place  in  Insch  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  110  scholars. 

LARGIE,  seat  near  Otter-Bank,  in  Loch 
Fyne,  Argyleshire. 

LARGIE,  seat  in  Killean  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

LARGIEBEG,  headland  on  south-east 
coast  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

LARGIEMORE,  headland  on  east  side  of 
Loch  Fyne,  to  the  north  of  Otter  Ferry, 
Argyleshire. 

LARGO,  bay,  two  villages,  and  parish 
on  south  coast  of  Fife.  The  bay  describes 
the  segment  of  a  circle  between  Methil 
Point  on  the  west  and  Kincraig  Point  on 
the  east,  measures  6  miles  across  the 
entrance,  and  is  the  scene  of  the  old  song, 
'  Weel  may  the  boatie  row.' — Lower  Largo 
village  stands  at  the  bay's  head,  3  miles 
east-north-east  of  Leven ;  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments,designated  of  Fife,  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  and  a  small  harbour;  and  was 
the  birth-place  of  Alexander  Selkirk,  the 
prototype  of  '  Bobinson  Crusoe.'  Pop.  440. 
— Upper  Largo  or  Kirkton-of -Largo  village 
stands  about  f  mile  east-north-east  of 
Lower  Largo,  and  has  a  parochial  church 
with  about  800  sittings,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  113  scholars.  Pop.  318. — 
The  parish  contains  also  Lundinmill, 
Drumochie,  Woodside,  and  New  Gilston 
villages  ;  measures  4  miles  by  3f  ;  and  com- 
prises 7386  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£15,477.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2234  ;  quoad 
sacra,  2013.  The  coast  is  flat  and  sandy, 
and  the  interior  shows  much  diversity  of 
low  ground  and  acclivity,  includes  a  deep 
ravine,  and  culminates  in  the  green  conical 
hill  of  Largo  Law,  rising  to  an  altitude  of 
965  feet  above  sea-level,  and  commanding 
a  view  over  all  the  lower  basin  of  the  Forth. 
Chief  residences  are  Largo  House  and 
Lundin ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  a  cir- 
cular tower,  ruins  of  Balcruvie  Castle,  a 
Bunic  monument,  and  three  large  unhewn 
stones.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and  Baptist. 
A  large  public  school  is  at  Lundinmill. 
Sir  Andrew  Wood's  hospital  also  is  in  the 
parish,  dates  from  1659,  and  was  rebuilt 
in  1830. 

LARGOWARD,  village  and  parish  in 
south-east  of  Fife.  The  village  stands  4J 
miles  north-east  of  Lower  Largo,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  St.  Andrews,  a  church 
of  1835,  and  2  public  schools  with  about 
135  scholars.  Pop.  338.  —  The  parish 
comprises  portions  of  Kilconquhar,  Largo, 
Cameron,  and  Carnbee,  and  includes  New 
Gilston  village  ;  and  it  has  a  public  school 
at  New  Gilston.    Pop.  1103. 

LARGS,  town  and  parish  in  extreme 
north-west  of  Cunningham,  Ayrshire. 
The  town  stands  on  the  coast,  8  miles  by 


LAR 


291 


LAT 


water  east-south-east  of  Rothesay,  and  18 
south-by- west  of  Greenock ;  was  proposed 
near  end  of  1876  to  have  a  railway  about 
5^  miles  long  to  "Wemyss  Bay  ;  dates  from 
old  times,  but  presents  a  modern  appear- 
ance ;  gives  name  to  a  famous  battle  fought 
adjacent  to  it,  in  1263,  between  Alexander 
m.  of  Scotland  and  Haco  of  Norway ;  is 
now  a  small  seaport,  a  summer  retreat,  and 
a  sea-bathing  resort ;  has  charming  en- 
virons, and  commands  delightful  views ; 
stands  behind  a  spacious  esplanade  used 
as  a  public  lounge  ;  comprises  a  terraced 
street,  a  main  street  striking  at  right  angles 
from  that,  and  numerous  outskirting  villas 
and  ornate  cottages  ;  publishes  a  weekly 
newspaper ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Ayrshire,  2  banking  offices,  4  hotels, 
a  good  quay,  waterworks,  a  curious  mauso- 
leum of  the  Skelmorlie  Montgomery s, 
Established,  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
Episcopalian,and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  160  scholars. 
Pop.  3076.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Skelmorlie  village  and  most  of  Fairlie, 
measures  about  9  miles  by  3|,  and  comprises 
21,850  acres.  Real  property  in  1879-80, 
£41,483.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  5149;  quoad 
sacra,  3422.  A  hill-range  with  summits 
from  700  to  1691  feet  high  occupies  all 
the  inland  border^  and  is  so  compact  and 
engirdling  as  to  have  occasioned  former 
generations  to  say,  '  Out  of  the  world  and 
into  the  Largs.'  A  narrow  vale  runs  be- 
tween the  hill-range  and  the  coast  in  the 
north,  and  a  rich  semicircular  plain  about 
a  mile  wide  lies  between  the  range  and 
the  shore,  between  the  centre  and  the 
south.  The  chief  seats  are  Kelburn, 
Brisbane,  Skelmorlie,  and  Knock ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  souvenirs  of  the 
battle  of  1263.  Established  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches  are  at  Skelmor- 
lie, and  Established  and  Free  churches 
are  at  Fairlie.  Five  schools  are  in  the 
parish,  and  have  capacity  for  625  scholars. 

LARGYBAAN,  bay,  i\  miles  north  of 
Mull  of  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

LARKFIELD,  village  in  Blantyre  parish, 
Lanarkshire.    Pop.  593. 

LARKHALL,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire. 
The  town  stands  on  Avon  river,  3J  miles 
south-east  of  Hamilton ;  dates  mostly 
from  about  1776  ;  is  rather  an  assemblage 
of  villages  than  strictly  a  town  ;  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Lanarkshire,  a 
railway  station,  a  banking  office,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Evan- 
gelical Union,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  and  2  new  public  schools  with 
accommodatiom  for  700  scholars.  Pop. 
of  the  town,  6503 ;  of  the  quoad  sacra 
parish,  7063. 

LARO,  small  lake  in  Criech  parish, 
Sutherland. 

LAROCH,  section  of  Ballachulish, 
Argyleshire. 


LARRISTON,  estate  on  the  Liddel,  6 

miles  north-north-east  of  Newcastleton, 
Roxburghshire. 

LARY,  lake  emitting  stream  south- 
ward to  Carron  river,  Ross-shire. 

LASHY  ROOST,  foaming  tidal  rapids 
between  Sanday  and  Eday  Islands,  Orkney. 

LASSODIE,  village,  4  miles  north-east 
of  Dunfermline,  Fife.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Dunfermline,  a  Free  church,  and  a 
public  school  of  1877  with  capacity  for  250 
scholars.    Pop.  826. 

LASSWADE,  town  and  parish  in  Edin- 
burghshire. The  town  stands  on  the 
North  Esk,  6^  miles  by  road,  but  9|  by 
railway,  south-south- east  of  Edinburgh  ; 
includes  a  suburb  or  section  within  Cock- 
pen  parish ;  is  situated  partly  in  a  dell, 
and  partly  on  steep  high  banks ;  is  en- 
vironed by  picturesque  tracts,  with 
numerous  villas ;  was  for  several  years 
the  residence  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  and 
may  have  given  hints  for  his  picture  of 
Ganderscleugh  in  Tales  of  my  Landlord; 
is,  with  places  around  it,  a  favourite 
summer  retreat  of  Edinburgh  citizens ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  under  Edin- 
burgh, a  railway  station,  a  banking  office,  a 
hotel,  Established  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
284  scholars.  Pop.  1232. —The  parish 
contains  also  Loanhead,  Polton  Mills, 
Roslin,  and  Rosewell,  parts  of  Bonnyrigg 
and  Earkhill,  and  small  part  of  Penicuick. 
Its  length  is  8  miles ;  its  breadth  mostly 
less  than  3  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  5 
miles  ;  its  area  10,675  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £53,580.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  8872;  quoad  sacra,  5267.  A 
wing  in  the  north-west  ascends  to  the 
summit  of  the  Pentlands  ;  a  tract  of  about 
2J  miles  by  2  in  the  extreme  south  is  bleak 
moorish  upland ;  a  strip  about  5|  miles 
long,  downward  to  the  north  -  eastern 
border,  is  part  of  the  picturesque  dell  of 
the  North  Esk ;  and  the  rest  of  the 
surface  is  mostly  fertile  ornate  plain. 
Coal,  limestone,  and  sandstone  abound, 
and  the  coal  is  extensively  worked.  The 
chief  residences  are  Melville  Castle,  Haw- 
thornden,  Springfield,  Mavisbank,  Dryden, 
Rosebank,  Eldin,  Goston,  Glenesk,  Polton, 
and  Auchindinny ;  and  the  chief  anti- 
quities are  Roslin  castle  and  chapel,  re- 
mains of  Hawthornden  fortalice,  two 
military  stations,  and  a  short  reach  of 
what  was  formerly  a  Roman  road.  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  Episcopalian  churches  are 
at  Roslin,  an  Established  church  is  at 
Rosewell,  and  a  Free  church  is  at  Loan- 
head.  Five  schools  for  1009  scholars  are 
in  the  parish,  and  2  of  them  and  enlarge- 
ments for  583  are  new. 

LATCH,  flagstone  quarry  in  Carmylie 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

LATERBANNOCHY,  rocky  rising-ground, 
with  fine  view,  in  Fowlis-Wester  parish, 
Perthshire.  It  once  was  crowned  with  a 
mansion  of  the  Earl  of  Mansfield's  an-J-estors. 


LAT 


292 


LAU 


LATHAICH,  small  sea-loch  in  south-west 
of  Ross  promontory,  in  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

LATHALLAN,  seat  in  Kilconquhar  par- 
ish, Fife. 

LATH  ALMOND ,  lime  quarry  in  Dun- 
fermline parish,  Fife. 

LATHERON,  hamlet  and  parish  in  south 
of  Caithness.  The  hamlet  lies  on  the 
coast,  171  miles  south-south-west  of  "Wick, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Wick,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  100  scholars.  —  The  parish 
contains  also  the  villages  of  Lybster, 
Berriedale,  Dalbeath,  and  Swiney.  Its 
length  is  nearly  27  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  12|  miles.  Keal  property  in  1880- 
81,  £19,825.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  6675  ; 
quoad  sacra,  5486.  The  coast  has  a  length 
nearly  equal  to  that  of  the  entire  parish  ; 
is  mostly  bold  and  cavernous,  faced  with 
cliffs  from  100  to  300  feet  high,  and  much 
indented  with  inlets  at  mouths  of  streams  ; 
and  terminates  at  southern  extremity  in 
the  precipitous  mountain  sea-front  of  Ord 
of  Caithness.  The  interior  is  remarkably 
diversified  ;  exhibits  a  continuous  alterna- 
tion of  hill  and  vale,  often  in  rapid  succes- 
sion ;  and  rises,  throughout  a  tract  of 
about  12  miles  by  10  in  the  extreme  south, 
into  the  alpine  heights  and  wild  glens  of 
the  Morven  Mountains.  Chief  seats  are 
Latheron  House,  Latheronwheel,  Forse, 
Swiney,  Lybster,  and  Langwell ;  and  chief 
antiquities  are  eight  old  castles,  mostly  in 
ruins,  and  all  on  the  coast.  Established 
churches  are  at  Berriedale  and  Lybster, 
and  Free  churches  are  at  Berriedale, 
Bruan,  and  Lybster.  Twelve  schools  for 
1518  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  6  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  991  are  new. 

LATHERONWHEEL,  estate  in  Latheron 
parish,  Caithness.    Pop.  518. 

LATHONES,  hamlet,  5  miles  south- 
south-west  of  St.  Andrews,  Fife.  It 
has  a  United  Presbyterian  church. 

LATHRISK,  seat,  If  miles  north-east  of 
Falkland,  Fife. 

LATHRO,  estate  in  Kinross  parish,  Kin- 
ross-shire. 

LATRICK,  notable  extinct  mansion  in 
Cambuslang  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LATTERACH,  small  affluent  of  the 
Lossie  between  Birnie  and  Dallas  parishes, 
Elginshire. 

LAUDER,  town  and  parish  on  west 
border  of  Berwickshire.  The  town  stands 
on  Leader  river,  7  miles  north-north-west 
of  Earlston  ;  possessed  some  consequence 
in  the  time  of  William  the  Lion  ;  was  the 
scene  of  the  execution  of  James  m.'s 
favourites  by  the  Earl  of  Angus,  'Bell 
the  Cat ; '  unites  now  with  Jedburgh, 
Haddington,  Dunbar,  and  North  Berwick 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  has 
long  presented  a  worn  and  dull  appear- 
ance ;  adjoins  the  mansion  of  Allanbank 
and  the  Earl  of  Lauderdale's  seat  of  Thirl- 
stane  Castle ;  and  has  a  head  post  office 


with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, a  banking  office,  a  town  hall, 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  281  scholars.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £2456.  Pop.  964.— 
The  parish  comprises  a  main  body  and 
a  detached  district,  averagely  Lj  mile 
asunder ;  measures,  across  the  intersec- 
tion, 13J  miles  in  length ;  has  a  breadth 
of  from  1|  mile  to  9|  miles ;  and  com- 
prises 34,898  acres.  Real  property  of  land- 
ward part  in  1880-81,  £21,591.  Pop.  1940. 
The  surface  includes  part  of  the  vale  of 
the  Leader ;  extends  northward,  among  the 
Lammermoors,  to  summit  of  Lammer- 
law ;  and  consists,  to  about  two-thirds  of 
its  extent,  of  moorish  upland.  Many 
ancient  camps,  many  tumuli,  and  traces 
of  a  Roman  road  are  among  the  hills. 
There  are  6  schools  for  488  scholars,  and 
1  of  them  for  96  is  new. 

LAUDERDALE,  western  district  of  Ber- 
wickshire. It  long  had  a  separate  juris- 
diction, but  seems  to  have  had  uncertain 
limits ;  and  it  may  now  be  regarded  as 
co-extensive  with  all  the  Berwickshire 
parts  of  the  basin  of  Leader  river. 

LAURENCE  HOUSE  (ST.),  hamlet  about 
a  mile  west  of  Haddington. 

LAURENCEKIRK,  town  and  parish  in 
Kincardineshire.  The  town  stands  14J 
miles  south-west  of  Stonehaven ;  consists 
chiefly  of  one  street  about  a  mile  long ; 
and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all  de- 
partments, a  railway  station,  2  banking 
offices,  4  hotels,  2  public  halls,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  Congregational,  and  Episco- 
palian churches,  and  2  public  schools  with 
about  268  scholars.  Pop.  1454. — The  parish 
measures  4J  miles  by  3,  and  comprises 
5612  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£14,483.  Pop.  2045.  The  surface  consists 
of  parts  of  the  How  of  Mearns,  traversed 
by  Luther  rivulet,  and  flanked  by  low 
hills.  The  only  mansion  is  Johnstone 
Lodge.  There  are  4  schools  for  569 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  and  an  enlarge- 
ment for  320  are  new. 

LAURENCE  (ST.),  parish,  more  com- 
monly called  Slamannan,  Stirlingshire. 

LAURENCE  (ST.),  quondam  chapel  in 
Greenock,  Renfrewshire.  It  served  for  the 
inhabitants  in  the  times  when  Greenock 
belonged  to  Innerkip  parish. 

LAURIESTON,  suburb  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  between  Tradeston  and  Gorbals- 
proper,  on  south  side  of  Glasgow.  Pop. 
of  the  parish,  10,040. 

LAURIESTON,  town,  1J  mile  east  of 
Falkirk,  Stirlingshire.  Founded  in  1756 ; 
comprises  a  central  square  and  intersect- 
ing streets  ;  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Falkirk  and  a  Free  church.    Pop.  1452. 

LAURIESTON,  village,  6  miles  west- 
north-west  of  Castle-Douglas,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. It  has  a  post  office  under 
Castle-Douglas,  and  2  public  schools  with 
about  98  scholars. 

LAURIESTON,  railway  station  and  man- 


LAU 


293 


LEC 


sion  between  St.  Cyrus  and  Johnshaven, 
Kincardineshire. 

LAURIESTON,  suburb  westward  of  New 
Royal  Infirmary  in  south  of  Edinburgh. 

LAURIESTON,  seat  near  Davidson's 
Mains,  Edinburghshire. 

LAURIESTON,  Koxburghshire.  See 
Larriston. 

LAW,  town  between  Carluke  and 
Wishaw,  Lanarkshire.  It  originated  a 
few  years  prior  to  1880 ;  it  is  maintained 
chiefly  by  the  working  of  mines,  quarries, 
and  brickworks ;  and  it  has  a  post  office 
under  Carluke,  a  new  important  railway 
junction  station,  an  Established  church  of 
1880,  a  Free  church  of  1879,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  180  scholars.   Pop.  1461. 

LAW,  hill,  with  ruined  old  castellated 
seat  of  Earls  of  Kilmarnock,  in  West  Kil- 
bride parish,  Ayrshire. 

LAW  ALL,  hill,  3  miles  north-east  of 
Inverury,  Aberdeenshire. 

LAWERS,  village  on  Loch  Tay  at  south 
skirt  of  Benlawers,  Perthshire.  It  has  an 
inn,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school. 

LAWERS,  seat  in  Monivaird  parish, 
Perthshire. 

LAWHEAD,  hill  in  Kirknewton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

LAWHEAD,  eminence,  with  fine  view, 
in  Whitekirk  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

LAWHILL,  conical  eminences  in  Blan- 
tyre  parish,  Lanarkshire ;  in  Craigie 
parish,  Ayrshire ;  in  Symington  parish, 
Ayrshire ;  in  Tarbolton  parish,  Ayrshire  ; 
in  Deskford  parish,  Banffshire ;  in  Gask 
parish,  Perthshire ;  in  Maryton  parish, 
Forfarshire;  in  Tannadice  parish,  For- 
farshire ;  in  Kirkurd  parish,  Peeblesshire  ; 
and  in  some  other  Scottish  parishes. 

LAWKNOW,  eminences  in  East  Kilbride 
parish,  Lanarkshire  ;  in  Carnock  parish, 
Fife  ;  and  in  Errol  parish,  Perthshire. 

LAWMUIR,  seat  in  East  Kilbride  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

LAWMUIR,  place,  with  coal  mine  and 
limestone,  in  New  Kilpatrick  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

LAWRENCE,  wooded  hill  in  Inverarity 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

LAWRENCE  (ST.).    See  Laurence  (St.).. 

LAWS,  modern  mansion  and  conical  hill, 
with  vestiges  of  vitrified  fort  and  with  ex- 
tensive view,  in  Monifieth  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

LAWS,  place,  with  three  remarkable 
tumuli,  in  Logiepert  parish,  Forfarshire. 

LAWS,  estate  in  "Whitsome  parish,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

LAWSTON,  place,  with  very  strong 
mineral  spring,  in  Castleton  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

LAWTING,  islet,  once  the  seat  of  grand 
Foud's  court,  in  Tingwall  Loch,  Tingwall 
parish,  Shetland. 

LAWTON,  seat  near  Burrelton,Perthshire. 

LAWTON,  seat  in  Inverkeilor  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

LAWYETT,  village  adjacent  to  Wallace- 
town,  Stirlingshire. 


LAXAY,  rivulet  and  small  island  in 
Lochs  parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

LAXDALE,  suburb  of  Stornoway,  and 
rivulet  running  eastward  to  Broad 
Bay  a  little  north  of  that  town,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

LAXFIRTH,  bay  in  Tingwall,  Shetland. 
LAXFORD,  sea  -  loch  and  rivulet  in 
Edderachyllis  parish,  Sutherland.  The 
loch  commences  at  4  miles  north-north- 
east of  Scourie,  strikes  5  miles  east-south- 
eastward, and  has  a  mean  breadth  of 
about  a  mile. — The  rivulet  issues  from 
Loch  Stack,  runs  about  3  miles  west-north- 
westward to  the  sea-loch's  head,  and  is 
crossed  by  a  large  strong  bridge. 

LEACHT,  hill,  containing  iron-ore,  in 
Kirkmichael  parish,  Banffshire. 

LEACHTON,  rivulet,  running  to  Loch 
Fyne,  between  Inverary  and  Glassary 
parishes,  Argyleshire. 

LEADBURN,  hamlet,  17|  miles  by  rail- 
way south-by-west  of  Edinburgh.  It  lies 
at  an  elevation  of  about  800  feet  above  sea- 
level,  adjoins  a  forking  of  railways  towards 
Peebles  and  Dolphinton,  and  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Peeblesshire,  a  railway 
station,  and  an  inn. 

LEADER,  small  river,  running  17  miles 
southward  to  the  Tweed  at  2  miles  east 
of  Melrose. 

LEADHILLS,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  on  southern  verge  of  Lanarkshire. 
The  town  stands  miles  south-south- 
west of  Abington ;  is  situated  on  ground 
1301  feet  above  sea-level,  near  mountains 
1102  feet  higher ;  derives  its  name  and  its 
maintenance  from  the  existence  and  work- 
ing of  rich  adjacent  lead  veins  ;  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Abington,  an  inn,  a 
church  originally  a  chapel-of-ease,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  222  scholars. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  1036 ;  of  the  quoad 
sacra  parish,  1072. 

LEADLAW,  hill  adjacent  to  West  Linton 
village,  Peeblesshire. 

LEADLICH,  mountain  summit  on  bound- 
ary of  Coull  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LEADLOCH,  burn  in  east  end  of  Cambus- 
nethan  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LEAGACH,  mountain  in  Gairloch  parish, 
Boss-shire. 

LEAP,  isolated  pyramidal  hill,  1544  feet 
high,  in  Teviothead  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

LEAP,  cataract  on  Ale  rivulet,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

LEARNEY,  seat  and  hill  in  Kincardihe- 
O'Neil  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LEASE,  seat  and  ruined  old  chapel  in 
Slains  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LEASTON,  hamlet  in  Humbie  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

LEATHALT,  rivulet,  running  to  the  sea 
at  10£  miles  north  of  Portree,  Isle  of  Skye. 

LEATHAN,  lake,  5  miles  north  of  Portree, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

LECKIE,  seat  and  glen  in  Gargunnock 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 


LEC 


294 


LEI 


LECROPT,  parish,  containing  part  of 
Bridge  of  Allan,  on  mutual  border  of 
Perthshire  and  Stirlingshire.  Its  length 
is  about  3  miles  ;  its  breadth  about  2§ 
miles  ;  its  area  2276  acres  in  Perthshire 
and  692  in  Stirlingshire.  Keal  property 
in  1880-81,  £3222  and  £3054.  Pop.  202 
and  400.  The  Allan,  the  Teith,  and 
the  Forth  trace  most  of  the  boundaries. 
The  southern  section  is  rich  carse  ;  the 
northern  section  is  a  gentle  ascent  of 
what,  in  vicinity  of  carse  lands,  is  called 
dryfield ;  and  a  central  beautiful  bank 
extends  between  the  two  sections.  The 
chief  residence  is  Keir ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  remains  of  a  Caledonian 
fort  and  the  site  of  a  Eoman  post.  The 
church  is  a  neat  modern  Gothic  edifice  ; 
and  the  public  school  is  partly  new,  and 
has  capacity  for  107  scholars. 

LEDAIG,  place,  1\  miles  from  Bunawe, 
in  Lorn,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  designated 
of  Argyleshire. 

LEDARD,  seat  and  very  beautiful  cas- 
cade adjacent  to  west  end  of  Loch  Ard,  on 
south-west  verge  of  Perthshire. 

LEDNATHY,  affluent  of  the  Prosen,  at 
6  miles  north  -  north  -  west  of  Kirriemuir, 
Forfarshire. 

LEDNOCK,  rivulet,  running  about  1\ 
miles  south-south-eastward  to  the  Earn  at 
Comrie,  in  Perthshire. 

LEE,  seat  of  Sir  Simon  M.  Lockhart, 
Bart. ,  2|  miles  north-west  of  Lanark. 

LEE,  lake  and  head-stream  of  the  North 
Esk  in  Lochlee  parish,  Forfarshire. 

LEEDS  (NEW),  village,  4£  miles  north  of 
Mintlaw,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Mintlaw,  and  a  United  Pres- 
byterian church.    Pop.  242. 

LEELAW,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Lesmahagow  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LEE-PEN,  peaked  mountain  on  left  side 
of  the  Tweed,  5  miles  east-by-south  of 
Peebles. 

LEES,  seat  of  Sir  John  Marjoribanks, 
Bart.,  in  vicinity  of  Coldstream,  Berwick- 
shire. 

LEET,  rivulet,  running  about  12  miles 
south -south -westward,  southward,  and 
south-eastward  to  the  Tweed  at  Cold- 
stream, Berwickshire. 

LEETOWN,  village  in  Errol  parish, 
Perthshire. 

LEETSIDE,  farm,  with  outlines  of 
Roman  camp,  in  Whitsome  parish,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

LEGBRANNOCK,  village  and  colliery  in 
Bothwell  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LEGERWOOD,  hamlet  and  parish  on 
west  border  of  Berwickshire.  The  hamlet 
lies  3  miles  north-north-east  of  Earlston, 
and  has  a  church  with  300  sittings,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  85  scholars. 
The  post  town  is  Earlston. — The  parish 
measures  f>\  miles  by  4,  and  comprises 
8789  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£8719.  Pop.  549.  The  surface  includes 
a  small  aggregate  of  vale,  but  consists 


chiefly  of  high  pastoral  hills.  The  chief 
residence  is  Birkhillside,  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  two  old  towers  and  traces 
of  two  Caledonian  camps. 

LEGGAN,  small  wood-girt  lake  in  Kippen 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

LEGSLAND,  flag-stone  quarry  in  Moni- 
fieth  parish,  Forfarshire. 

LEINZIE.    See  Lenzie. 

LEITH,  town  and  two  parishes  on  Firth 
of  Forth  contiguous  to  Edinburgh.  The 
town  stands  on  low  ground,  skirted  by 
considerable  breadth  of  foreshore,  is  cut 
by  Water  of  Leith  into  two  sections,  called 
North  Leith  and  South  Leith,  and  has 
outskirts  and  suburbs  interlaced  with  those 
of  Edinburgh.  It  dates  from  ancient 
times  ;  it  figured  long  as  simply  the  port 
of  Edinburgh ;  it  often  shared  in  the  events 
of  the  city's  military  history ;  it  was  the 
landing-place  of  many  princes  and  kings 
on  occasions  of  state  policy  or  public  de- 
monstration ;  it  did  not  acquire  definite 
limits  or  a  separate  political  status  till 
1838  ;  and  it  now  ranks  as  a  head  port,  and 
as  a  burgh  uniting  with  Portobello  and 
Musselburgh  in  sending  a  member  to  Par- 
liament. Its  extent,  as  strictly  a  town, 
is  about  f  mile  in  length  and  \  mile  in 
greatest  breadth;  but  as  a  burgh  is  1\ 
miles  in  length  and  7  furlongs  in  breadth. 
It  excels  every  Scottish  town,  excepting 
Glasgow  and  Greenock,  in  commercial 
enterprise ;  it  possesses  abundant  railway 
communication  both  coast- wise  and  through 
Edinburgh ;  it  connects  with  all  parts  of 
the  city,  and  with  some  suburbs,  by  street 
tramway  ;  it  publishes  a  daily  commercial 
list  and  two  weekly  newspapers ;  and  it 
has  a  central  post  office  and  6  branch 
post  offices  under  Edinburgh,  7  banking 
offices,  an  extensive  well-constructed  har- 
bour, a  number  of  good  civil  public  build- 
ings, 5  Established  churches,  7  Free 
churches,  5  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
2  Episcopalian  churches,  Congregational, 
Evangelical  Union,  Baptist,  Wesleyan, 
Scandinavian,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  a  High  school,  Bell's  schools, 
numerous  public  and  private  schools,  an 
hospital  with  an  annual  income  of  about 
£2400,  and  a  number  of  miscellaneous  in- 
stitutions. 

The  town  is  winged,  on  its  east  side, 
by  an  extensive  public  green,  called  Leith 
Links ;  has,  on  other  sides,  some  pleasant 
environs ;  and  includes,  in  its  exterior  or 
newer  parts,  some  good  streets ;  but  is 
mostly  an  assemblage  of  narrow,  irregular, 
unpleasant  thoroughfares.  A  scheme  for 
clearing  out  its  dense  central  portion, 
widening  some  of  its  streets,  and  forming 
some  new  streets,  was  projected  in  1877, 
came  to  maturity  in  the  early  part  of  1881, 
and  was  to  be  effected  by  means  of  a  loan 
of  £100,000,  payable  in  thirty  years.  The 
town  hall  was  built  in  1827,  at  a  cost  of 
£3300.  The  custom-house  was  erected  in 
1812,  at  a  cost  of  £12,000.  The  post  office 
I   was  erected  in  1876.    Trinity  House  dates 


LET 


295 


LEM 


from  1555,  and  was  rebuilt  in  1817.  The 
Exchange  Buildings  were  erected  at  a  cost 
of  £16,000,  sold  in  1876  for  £25,000,  and 
improved  at  a  further  cost  of  about  £3000. 
Leith  Fort  was  erected  in  1779 ;  underwent 
enlargement  and  modification;  is  the 
headquarters  of  the  Royal  Artillery  in 
Scotland ;  and  has  quarters  for  about  400 
men,  stabling  for  150  horses,  and  batteries 
for  defence  of  the  harbour.  The  Martello 
Tower,  near  the  harbour's  entrance,  was 
erected  at  a  cost  of  £17,000.  Seafield 
Baths,  at  eastern  extremity  of  the  links, 
were  built  at  a  cost  of  £8000.  South  Leith 
parochial  church  is  a  restored  edifice  of 
15th  century,  with  modern  tower.  North 
Leith  parochial  church  was  built  in  1816, 
at  a  cost  of  £12,000.  South  Leith  Free 
church  is  an  edifice  of  1881,  in  lieu  of  a 
previous  one  on  a  different  site.  North 
Leith  Free  church  is  a  steepled  edifice  of 
1858-59.  St.  John's  Free  church  was  built 
in  1870-71,  at  a  cost  of  about  £7500.  North 
Leith  United  Presbyterian  church  was 
extensively  altered  in  1878-79,  at  a  cost 
of  about  £4000.  St.  James'  Episcopalian 
church  was  erected  in  1862-63,  is  an  ornate 
Gothic  edifice,  and  has  a  fine  steeple,  with 
chime  of  bells.  The  Roman  Catholic 
church  is  a  cruciform  high-roofed  structure. 
Eight  public  schools,  with  3574  scholars  on 
their  roll,  were  in  operation  in  October  1876. 

The  harbour  underwent  vast  improve- 
ments at  enormous  cost,  in  a  long  series 
of  years  up  to  1876  ;  it  acquired  new 
works  at  a  cost  of  about  £400,000  in  the 
five  subsequent  years  ;  it  had  a  grand  in- 
auguration of  these  works  by  the  Duke  of 
Edinburgh  in  July  1881 ;  and  it  includes  2 
piers  respectively  3123  and  3530  feet  long, 
5  extensive  docks,  great  ranges  of  store- 
houses, and  facile  connection  between  the 
docks  and  the  landward  railways.  Its 
tonnage  dues  in  1880  amounted  to  £29,549, 
its  port  dues  to  £38,530,  its  entire  revenue 
to  £88,331.  The  vessels  belonging  to  it  at 
end  of  1879  were  76  sailing  vessels  of 
36,714  tons,  and  107  steam  vessels  of  56,855 
tons.  The  vessels  which  entered  in  the 
year  ending  15th  May  1880  were  1684 
sailing  vessels  of  261,407  tons,  and  2674 
steam  vessels  of  678,793  tons ;  and  those 
which  left  were  1690  sailing  vessels  of 
263,927  tons,  and  2677  steam  vessels  of 
681,303  tons.  Real  property  of  the  burgh 
in  1880-81,  £347,029.    Pop.  59,485. 

North  Leith  parish  includes  Bonnington, 
Newhaven,  and  Trinity  suburbs,  and  part 
of  "Wardie  or  Granton,  and  is  all  within 
the  burgh  westward  and  north-westward 
of  "Water  of  Leith.  Its  area  is  349  acres. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  17,986;  quoad  sacra, 
13,292.  The  coast  has  been  much  abraded 
by  the  Firth,  and  is  mostly  defended  by  a 
very  strong  artificial  stone  bulwark.  The 
interior  makes  a  considerably  rapid  ascent 
from  vicinity  of  shore,  and  is  thence  very 
nearly  level ;  and,  with  trivial  aggregate 
exceptions,  it  is  all  occupied  by  town, 
suburbs,  and  villas.— South  Leith  parish 


includes  Restalrig,  Jock's  Lodge,  small 
part  of  Portobello,  and  a  north-east  wing 
of  Edinburgh ;  has  a  nearly  triangular 
outline  of  2|,  2\,  and  If  miles  along  the 
sides ;  and  comprises  1629  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81  of  landward  part, 
£15,356.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia, 
44,240 ;  quoad  sacra,  30,848.  The  coast  is 
all  low,  and  has  a  fine  beach  suited  to  sea- 
bathing ;  and  the  interior  is  almost  a  plain 
ascending  very  gently  to  Edinburgh,  but 
includes  there  Calton  Hill.  Much  of  the 
surface  is  occupied  by  mansions,  villas, 
and  new  streets. 

LEITH  WALK,  thoroughfare  and  railway 
station  between  Edinburgh  and  Leith. 
The  thoroughfare  extends  about  1^  mile 
in  straight  north-north-eastward  line  from 
Greenside  in  Edinburgh  to  compact  exterior 
of  Leith  ;  was  formed  in  manner  of  defen- 
sive earth-work  across  a  trackless  open 
plain  by  General  Leslie  in  1650 ;  was 
changed  into  a  broad  level  footpath  after 
the  return  of  Charles  II.  ;  became  a  car- 
riage-way after  the  founding  of  New  Town 
of  Edinburgh  ;  was  intended  for  a  time  to 
be  all  winged  with  crescents,  terraces,  and 
parallel  streets  as  part  of  Edinburgh  New 
Town  ;  continued,  nevertheless,  till  about 
1860,  to  be  unwinged  and  little  more  than 
half  edificed  ;  and  is  now  all  a  compara- 
tively plain  street  with  comparatively 
plain  new  adjuncts. — The  railway  station 
adjoins  it  on  the  North  British  new  line 
to  Granton. 

LEITH  (WATER  OF),  small  river  rising 
among  the  Pentland  Hills,  and  running 
about  20  miles  north-eastward  to  Firth  of 
Forth  at  Leith.  Its  economized  water- 
power  for  driving  of  mills  exceeds  that  of 
any  other  stream  of  its  volume  in  Scotland. 

LEITH  (WATER  OF),  old  large  village, 
now  a  suburb  of  Edinburgh.  It  stands  on 
Water  of  Leith  river  immediately  west  of 
Dean  Bridge,  and  presents  a  striking  con- 
trast to  elegant  adjacent  suburbs. 

LEITHEN,  rivulet  running  about  10 
miles  southward  to  the  Tweed  in  vicinity 
of  Innerleithen,  Peeblesshire. 

LEITHFIELD  seat  in  Fordoun  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

LEITHHEAD,  head-stream  of  Water  of 
Leith  in  Mid-Calder  parish,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

LEITH-LUMSDEN.    See  Lumsden. 

LEITHOLM,  village,  5^  miles  east-by- 
south  of  Greenlaw,  Berwickshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Coldstream,  and  a 
United  Presbyterian  church,  and  it  had 
anciently  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel.  Pop. 
284. 

LEIVEN,  lake  in  upper  part  of  Kildonan 
parish,  Sutherland. 

LEMNO,  affluent  of  the  South  Esk  at 
6£  miles  west-south-west  of  Brechin,  For- 
farshire. 

LEMPITLAW,  village  and  ancient  parish 
in  Roxburghshire.  The  village  stands  4 
miles  east-south-east  of  Kelso,  and  the 
parish  is  now  part  of  Sprouston. 


LEN 


296 


LER 


LENACH-GLUTHIN,  cascade  on  Aray 
rivulet,  3  miles  north  of  Inverary,  Ar- 
gyleshire. 

LENDAL,  rivulet,  running  to  Firth,  of 
Clyde,  in  Colmonell  parish,  Ayrshire. 

LENDALFOOT,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Colmonell  parish,  Ayrshire. 

LENDRICK.    See  Lanrick. 

LENDRUM,  battlefield  between  Thane 
of  Buchan  and  Donald  of  the  Isles  in 
Monquhitter  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LENNEL,  ancient  parish,  now  called 
Coldstream,  in  Berwickshire.  It  con- 
tains Lennel  mansion,  New  Lennel  vil- 
lage, and  the  site  of  ancient  Lennel 
village,  destroyed  by  hostile  incursion  in 
time  of  the  Border  wars. 

LENNOCH,  affluent  of  the  Lossie  in 
Birnie  parish,  Elginshire. 

LENNOX,  ancient  county,  comprehend- 
ing all  the  present  Dumbartonshire,  large 
part  of  Stirlingshire,  and  parts  of  Perth- 
shire and  Renfrewshire.  It  gives  the 
Scottish  title  of  duke  to  the  English 
Duke  of  Richmond. 

LENNOX,  ancient  ruined  strong  tower 
in  Currie  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

LENNOXBANK,  seat  in  Bonhill  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

LENNOX  CASTLE,  splendid  modern 
mansion  in  Campsie  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

LENNOX  HILLS,  hill-range,  extending 
23  miles  north-eastward  from  vicinity  of 
Dumbarton  to  vicinity  of  Stirling.  It  is 
bisected  by  upper  part  of  Blane  valley ; 
it  bears  the  name  of  Kilpatrick  Hills 
from  its  south-west  end  thither ;  and  it 
bears  the  names  of  Killearn,  Campsie, 
Kilsyth,  Fintry,  Gargunnock,  and  Dundaff 
Hills  in  its  various  parts  thence  to  its  north- 

LENNOXLOVE,  a  seat  of  Lord  Blan- 
tyre,  1^  mile  south  of  Haddington. 

LENNOXTOWN,  town  near  south  skirt 
of  Campsie  Hills,  9  miles  by  road,  but 
llf  by  railway,  north-by-east  of  Glasgow. 
It  is  a  centre  of  extensive  manufacture 
and  traffic,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Glasgow,  2  railway  stations,  a 
banking  office,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
a  large  public  school,  and  a  mechanics' 
institution.    Pop.  3249. 

LENTRAM,  hamlet  and  seat  in  Kirkhill 
parish,  Inverness-shire.  The  hamlet  lies 
5f  miles  west  of  Inverness,  and  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Inverness-shire,  and  a 
railway  station. 

LENTURK,  quondam  ancient  castle  in 
Leochel  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LENY,  hamlet  and  low  hill  in  Cramond 
parish,  Edinburghshire.  The  hamlet  has 
a  public  school  with  about  60  scholars. 

LENY,  seat  and  pass  in  Callander 
parish,  Perthshire.  The  pass  is  a 
narrow  defile,  flanked  by  wooded  preci- 
pices, overhung  by  Benledi,  and  tra- 
versed by  eastern  head-stream  of  the 


Teith  downward  from  Loch  Lubnaig,  and 
is  described  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  his 
Legend  of  Montrose  and  his  Lady  of  the 
Lake. 

LENZIE,  town  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Dumbartonshire  and  Lanarkshire,  and 
an  ancient  district  wholly  in  Dumbarton- 
shire. The  town  stands  6^  miles  north- 
east of  Glasgow,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Glasgow,  a  railway  junction  station, 
Established,  United  Presbyterian,  and 
Episcopalian  churches,  and  the  Glasgow 
Convalescent  Home,  and  is  near  the 
Barony  or  Woodilee  Lunatic  Asylum. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  1316 ;  of  the  quoad 
sacra  parish,  1140.  The  district  was 
originally  a  barony  belonging  to  the 
Earls  of  Wigton,  but  was  afterwards 
co-extensive  with  all  the  detached  sec- 
tion of  Dumbartonshire,  now  forming 
Kirkintilloch  and  Cumbernauld  par- 
ishes. 

LEOCHEL,  rivulet  and  parish  in  Alford 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  rivulet  runs 
about  10  miles  deviously  but  mostly  north- 
ward to  the  Don,  in  vicinity  of  Alford 
village. — The  parish  lies  around  the  upper 
and  the  middle  reaches  of  the  rivulet,  and 
its  post  town  is  Alford.  Its  length  is 
about  6  miles ;  its  breadth  from  3  to  6 
miles ;  its  area  12,856  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £8184.  Pop.  1217.  The 
surface  is  much  diversified,  lies  nowhere 
lower  than  about  500  feet  above  sea-level, 
and  comprises  four  lofty  hill-ridges  with 
intervening  vales.  Chief  objects  are 
Craigievar  Castle,  Cushnie  and  Hallhead 
relinquished  mansions,  Corse  ruined  castle, 
and  sites  of  Lenturk  Castle  and  three 
ancient  chapels.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian. 
There  are  4  schools  for  386  scholars,  and 
3  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for  326  are 
new. 

LEOGH,  hamlet  on  Fair  Isle,  between 
Orkney  and  Shetland. 

LEONARD  (ST.),  parish,  partly  in  St. 
Andrews  city  and  partly  consisting  of 
rural  tracts  from  4  to  5  miles  distant. 
Acres,  1008.  Real  property  of  landward 
part  in  1880-81,  £1428.  Pop.  769. 
The  church  is  the  ancient  chapel  of  St. 
Salvator  in  St.  Andrews. 

LEONARD  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  Established  and  Free  churches,  in 
Perth.    Pop.  3642. 

LEONARD  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
suburb,  and  hill  on  south-east  verge 
of  Edinburgh.  Pop.  of  the  parish, 
7875. 

LEONARD  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  church,  in  Lanark.    Pop.  3253. 

LEONARD  (ST.),  or  WESTMILL,  village 
in  Cockpen  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

LERWICK,  town  and  parish  in  Shetland. 
The  town  stands  contiguous  to  middle 
part  of  Bressay  Sound,  on  east  coast  of 
Mainland,  about  114  miles  north-north- 
east of  Kirkwall;  is  the  political  capital 


LES 


297 


LES 


of  Shetland  and  the  focus  of  trade,  the 
head  port,  and  the  centre  of  fisheries  for 
all  the  Shetland  Islands  ;  presents  a  well- 
built  but  very  irregular  appearance ;  ad- 
joins a  small  fort  erected  by  Cromwell, 
and  reconstructed  in  1781 ;  publishes  a 
weekly  newspaper ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  2  banking 
offices,  2  hotels,  an  excellent  harbour, 
county  buildings  projected  in  1876,  a 
town  hall  projected  in  1881,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Con- 
gregational, Baptist,  Methodist,  and 
Episcopalian  churches,  and  a  handsome 
academy.  The  vessels  belonging  to  the 
port  at  end  of  1879  were  88  sailing  vessels 
of  4237  tons,  and  1  steam  vessel  of  116 
tons.  The  arrivals  in  1879  were  238 
British  vessels  of  40,378  tons,  and  16 
foreign  vessels  of  2282  tons ;  and  the  de- 
partures were  223  British  vessels  of  39,503 
tons,  and  12  foreign  vessels  of  1388  tons. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  3857. — The  parish  is 
about  6  miles  long,  but  nowhere  more 
than  1  mile  broad.  Eeal  property  in 
1880-81,  £9340.  Pop.  4772.  The  land 
is  rocky  and  tumulated,  but  rises  to  a 
maximum  height  of  about  300  feet  above 
sea-level.  The  only  mansion  is  Gremista, 
and  the  only  noticeable  antiquity  is  a 
ruined  Scandinavian  tower.  There  are  5 
schools  for  702  scholars,  and  2  of  them  for 
205  are  new. 

LESLIE,  town  and  parish  in  Fife.  The 
town  stands  on  Le ven  river,  at  terminus 
of  branch  railway,  4£  miles  west  of  Mark- 
inch  junction  ;  is  old  and  irregularly  built ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  Fife,  a 
railway  station,  a  banking  office,  a  parochial 
church  of  1820,  a  Free  church  of  1879,  2 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  a  Baptist 
chapel,  and  2  large  public  schools.  Pop. 
3853. — The  parish  excludes  a  small  part 
of  the  town,  measures  about  4^  miles  by 
2|,  and  comprises  5028  acres.  Eeal  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £17,987.  Pop.  4345. 
The  surface  undulates  from  skirt  of 
Lomond  Hills  southward  to  Leven  river, 
and  consists  mostly  of  good  land.  Leslie 
House,  a  large  quadrangular  pile  with 
charming  grounds,  is  the  seat  of  the 
Countess  of  Kothes  ;  and  Leslie  Green  is 
believed  by  some  writers  to  have  been  the 
scene  of  King  James'  poem,  'Christ's 
Kirk  on  the  Green.'  There  are  3  schools 
for  639  scholars,  and  parts  of  them  for  132 
are  new. 

LESLIE,  parish  nearly  midway  between 
Inverury  and  Huntly,  Aberdeenshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Insch.  Its  length 
is  about  3J  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
about  2£  miles  ;  its  area  4444  acres.  Eeal 
property  in  1880-81,  £3257.  Pop.  523. 
The  surface  includes  part  of  the  Gadie 
rivulet's  valley,  and  is  bisected  by 
elevated  ground,  rising  partly  into  hills. 
Leslie  House  is  a  ruinous  castellated 
edifice  of  17th  century.  The  churches 
are   Established,    Free,  and  Congrega- 


tional ;  and  there  are  2  schools  with 
capacity  for  154  scholars. 

LESMAHAGOW,  town  and  parish  in 
upper  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  town 
stands  on  Nethan  rivulet-,  at  terminus  of 
branch  railway,  13  miles  south-east  of 
Hamilton ;  is  sometimes  called  Abbey- 
green,  with  reference  to  a  monastery 
founded  at  it  in  1140  on  site  of  a  Culdee 
cell ;  figured  much  in  the  history  of  the 
Covenanters ;  and  has  a  post  office  with 
all  departments  designated  of  Lanark- 
shire, a  railway  station,  2  banking 
offices,  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  2  public 
schools.  Pop.  1386c — The  parish  con- 
tains also  the  villages  of  Kirkfieldbank, 
Kirkmuirhill,  Crossford,  Auchenheath, 
Turfholm,  Boghead,  Hazelbank,  and 
New  Trows.  Its  length  is  11£  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  7 \  miles  ;  its  area  41,299 
acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £68,578. 
Pop.  9949.  The  surface  is  much  diversi- 
fied, and  abounds  in  picturesque  scenery. 
More  than  three  -  fourths  of  it  have  a 
mean  elevation  of  about  500  feet  above 
seadevel ;  and  the  rest,  situated  in  the 
west  and  the  south-west,  consists  of  fine 
pastoral  uplands.  The  Clyde  runs  about 
7|  miles  along  the  north-eastern  boundary, 
and  achieves  there  all  its  celebrated  falls. 
Carboniferous  rocks  underlie  a  large 
portion  of  the  surface,  and  yield  a  great 
output  of  pit  coal,  cannel  coal,  and  lime- 
stone. The  mansions  are  numerous  ;  and 
a  grand  antiquity  is  Craignethan  Castle. 
A  chapel-of-ease  is  at  Kirkfieldbank,  a 
Free  church  is  at  Crossford,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches  are  at  Crossford 
and  Kirkmuirhill.  There  are  11  schools 
for  1931  scholars,  and  5  of  these  and 
enlargements  for  1230  are  new. 

LESMORE,  ruined  ancient  castle  of  the 
Gordons  in  Ehynie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LESMURDIE,  place,  with  distillery  and 
vestiges  of  ancient  chapel,  in  Cabrach 
parish,  Banffshire. 

LESSENDRUM,  seat  in  Drumblade 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LES  SUDDEN.    See  Boswells  (St.). 

LESWALT,  hamlet  and  parish  in  north- 
west of  Wigtonshire.  The  hamlet  lies  3^ 
miles  north-west  of  Stranraer,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Stranraer,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school. — 
The  parish  contains  also  part  of  Stranraer, 
measures  about  6  miles  by  5J,  and  com- 
prises 12,253  acres.  Eeal  property  of 
landward  part  in  1880-81,  £9188.  Pop. 
of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia,  2635 ;  quoad 
sacra,  2673.  The  surface  is  the  southern 
part  of  the  peninsula  between  Loch  Eyan 
and  North  Channel ;  consists  mostly  of 
broken  hillocky  ground  ;  is  partly  flat  ad- 
jacent to  Loch  Eyan  ;  presents  a  bold, 
broken,  rocky,  cavernous  coast  to  the 
Channel ;  and  includes  many  fine  meadows 
and  pasture-lands.  Lochnaw  Castle,  the 
seat  of  Sir  Andrew  Agnew,  is  the  chief 
residence.    Established  and  Free  churches 


LET 


298 


LEY 


are  in  Sheuchan.  Two  schools  for  256 
scholars  are  in  the  landward  part,  and  1 
of  them  for  200  is  new. 

LETHAM,  village,  5  miles  east-south- 
east of  Forfar.  It  is  modern,  was  founded 
on  a  regular  plan,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Forfar,  Free  and  Congregational 
churches,  and  2  public  schools  with  about 
240  scholars.    Pop.  866. 

LETHAM,  village,  5  miles  east-north- 
east of  Auchtermuchty,  Fife.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Ladybank. 

LETHAM,  a  seat  of  Sir  Thomas  B. 
Hepburn,  Bart.,  lij  mile  west-south- west 
of  Haddington. 

LETHAM,  hill  in  Inverkeithing  parish, 
Fife. 

LETHAM-GRANGE,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

LETHAN,  colliery  in  Dunfermline 
parish,  Fife. 

LETHEN,  seat,  and  hill  648  feet  high,  in 
Auldearn  parish,  Nairnshire. 

LETHEN,  rivulet,  running  about  12  miles 
north-eastward  to  head  of  Findhorn  Loch, 
in  north-west  corner  of  Elginshire. 

LETHENBAR,  hill,  with  entire  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Ardclach 
parish,  Nairnshire. 

LETHENDY,  parish,  averagely  3J  miles 
south-west  of  Blairgowrie,  Perthshire. 
Its  post  town  is  Blairgowrie.  Its  length 
is  5  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  1^  mile ; 
its  area,  together  with  that  of  Kinloch,  to 
which  it  is  united,  7060  acres.  Keal  pro- 
perty of  Lethendy  alone  in  1880-81, 
£2952.  Pop.  of  Lethendy  and  Kinloch, 
404.  The  west  end  of  Lethendy,  for 
about  \  mile,  is  a  rapid  ascent,  and  the 
rest  is  all  a  gentle  descent.  Lethendy 
Tower  is  a  very  old  structure.  The 
churches  in  the  united  parish  are  1 
Established,  1  Free,  and  1  United 
Presbyterian ;  and  there  are  2  public 
schools  for  respectively  Lethendy  and 
Kinloch. 

LETHENTY,  railway  station  and  estate 
between  Inverury  and  Old  Meldrum,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

LETHNOT,  parish,  with  church  6  miles 
north-north-west  of  Brechin,  Forfarshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Brechin.  Its 
length  is  W\  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
4g  miles ;  its  area  26,590  acres.  Beal 
property  in  1880-81,  £4459.  Pop.  288. 
The  surface  is  the  basin  of  the  upper  part 
of  West  water,  lies  wholly  among  Benchin- 
nan  Mountains,  and  includes  only  a  small 
extent  of  cultivated  and  inhabited  land. 
There  are  2  schools  with  capacity  for  91 
scholars. 

LETTERCHOIL,  southern  section  of 
Kintail  parish,  Ross-shire. 

LETTEREWE,  estate  on  north  side  of 
Loch  Maree,  Ross-shire. 

LETTERFEARN,  western  section  of  Glen- 
shiel  parish,  Ross-shire. 

LETTERFINLAY,  estate  on  south-east 
side  of  Loch  Lochy,  Great  Glen,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 


LETTERFOURIE,  seat  of  Sir  Robert  G. 
Gordon,  Bart.,  near  Buckie,  Banffshire. 

LETTIR,  lake  in  Port-of-Monteith  parish, 
Perthshire. 

LEUCHARS,  village  and  parish  on  north- 
east border  of  Fife.  The  village  stands  7 
miles  north-east  of  Cupar,  and  has  a  post 
office  with  all  departments  designated  of 
Fife,  a  railway  station,  an  ancient  Norman 
parochial  church,  a  Free  church,  and  pub- 
lic and  industrial  schools  with  about  213 
scholars.  Pop.  588. — The  parish  contains 
also  Balmullo  village  ;  is  partly  bounded 
by  German  Ocean  and  estuary  of  the  Eden ; 
measures  7  miles  by  3| ;  and  comprises 
13,354  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£22,241.  Pop.  2185.  ^  The  coast  is  flat 
and  sandy,  and  the  interior  is  mostly  a 
plain  with  elevation  of  not  more  than  15 
feet  above  sea-level,  but  rises  gradually  in 
the  west  to  the  summit  of  a  hill-range 
about  250  feet  high.  There  are  four  modern 
seats  and  three  old  castellated  mansions. 
Pitlethie,  one  of  the  modern  seats,  is 
supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  an  ancient 
royal  hunting-seat ;  and  Earlshall,  one  of 
the  old  mansions,  possesses  much  anti- 
quarian interest.  Leuchars  Castle  made 
some  figure  in  history,  but  has  disappeared. 
A  public  school  is  in  Balmullo. 

LEUCHARS,  seat  in  Urquhart  parish, 
Elginshire. 

LEUCHER,  rivulet,  running  about  13 
miles  south-eastward  to  the  Dee  at  1\ 
miles  west-south-west  of  Aberdeen. 

LEUCHIE,  seat  of  Sir  Hew  H.  Dalrymple, 
Bart.,  in  North  Berwick  parish,  Hadding- 
tonshire. 

LEUCOPHIBIA.    See  Whithokn. 

LEURARY,  quondam  lake,  all  a  marl-bed, 
in  Halkirk  parish,  Caithness. 

LEURBOST,  village  in  Lochs  parish, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  654. 

LEVEN,  lake  in  Kinross-shire.  It  has 
a  roundish  oblong  outline  ;  measures  8J 
miles  in  circuit,  and  3406  acres  in  area ; 
lies  at  mean  elevation  of  353  feet  above 
sea-level ;  is  screened  partly  by  plain  and 
slope,  and  partly  by  bold  lofty  hill ;  con- 
tains the  famous  island  in  which  Queen 
Mary  was  imprisoned,  and  two  other 
islands  ;  and,  subsequent  to  1826,  was 
subjected  to  artificial  works,  making  it  a 
storage  of  600,000,000  cubic  feet  of  water 
for  the  driving  of  mills  beyond  its  out- 
let. 

LEVEN,  river,  issuing  from  south-east 
corner  of  Loch  Leven  and  Kinross-shire, 
and  running  12  miles  eastward  to  Firth  of 
Forth  at  Leven  town,  in  Fife. 

LEVEN,  sea-loch,  deflecting  from  head  of 
Loch  Linnhe,  and  extending  12  miles  in 
straight  line  eastward  between  Argyleshire 
and  Inverness-shire.  It  is  mostly  less  than 
a  mile  wide,  and  it  has  grandly  picturesque 
screens. 

LEVEN,  rivulet,  running  13  miles  west- 
ward to  head  of  Loch  Leven,  between 
Argyleshire  and  Inverness-shire.  It  forms, 
in  its  progress,  a  chain  of  lakelets ;  and  it 


LEY 


299 


LIB 


traverses,  from  head  to  foot,  a  strikingly 
romantic  Highland  glen. 

LEVEN,  river  issuing  from  Loch  Lomond, 
and  running  southward  to  the  Clyde  at 
Dumbarton  Castle.  It  measures  little 
more  than  5  miles  in  straight  line,  but 
measures  about  10  miles  along  its  bed ; 
and  it  traverses  a  rich  vale,  once  possessing 
character  depicted  in  Smollett's  'Ode  to 
Leven  Water,'  but  now  thickly  studded 
with  mansions,  print-fields,  and  masses  of 
human  dwellings.  The  Yale  of  Leven 
Institute,  adjacent  to  the  river  at  Alex- 
andria; was  founded  with  great  ceremony 
in  June  1882,  and  estimated  to  cost  about 
£5000. 

LEVEN,  seaport  town  at  mouth  of  Leven 
river,  9  miles  by  road,  but  10|  by  railway, 
north-east  of  Kirkcaldy,  Fife.  It  connects 
by  bridge  with  Inverleven  village ;  it 
gives  the  title  of  earl  to  the  family  of 
Melville  ;  it  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  a  railway  station,  3  banking 
offices,  2  hotels,  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  an  Episco- 
palian chapel  of  1881,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  511  scholars ;  and  in  1880  it 
acquired  a  new  wet  dock,  with  fully  16 
feet  of  water  on  the  sill.    Pop.  3040. 

LEVEN,  modern  mansion  and  ruined  old 
baronial  fortalice,  2  miles  south-west  of 
Gourock,  Renfrewshire. 

LEVENBANK,  print-works  in  Bonhill 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

LEVENFIELD,  seat  and  bleachfield  in 
Bonhill  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

LEVEN  GROVE,  seat  in  southern  vicinity 
of  Dumbarton. 

LEVENSTRATH,  seat  in  Southend 
parish,  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

LEVERA,  island  in  North  Uist  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  11. 

LEVERN,  rivulet  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Renfrewshire.  The  rivulet  issues  from 
lakes  near  boundary  with  Ayrshire ;  tra- 
verses the  manufacturing  vicinity  of  Neil- 
ston  and  Barrhead ;  is  at  first  limpid,  but 
afterwards  exceedingly  foul;  has  a  total 
run  of  about  10  miles  measured  in  straight 
line,  but  nearly  double  that  distance 
measured  along  its  bed ;  and  enters  the 
White  Cart  at  2§  miles  east  of  Paisley. — 
The  parish  lies  on  the  rivulet  contiguous 
to  Barrhead ;  comprises  parts  of  Abbey- 
Paisley  and  Eastwood;  and  has  a  public 
school  with  about  128  scholars.  Pop.  2847. 

LEVERNBANK,  village  adjacent  to 
Crofthead,  Renfrewshire. 

LEWES,  hamlet  in  Fyvie  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

LEWIS,  northern  part  of  Outer  Hebrides. 
It  consists  of  Harris  and  adjacent  islets  in 
the  south  belonging  to  Inverness-shire, 
and  Lewis-proper  and  adjacent  islets  in 
the  north  belonging  to  Ross-shire ;  and, 
exclusive  of  the  islets,  is  the  largest  island 
of  Great  Britain.  Lewis-proper  is  divided 
from  Harris  by  Lochs  Seaforth  and  Reasort 
and  an  intervening  isthmus  ;  extends  42?, 
miles  north-westward  to  the  Butt ;  is 


widest  near  its  south-west  end,  and  con- 
tracts somewhat  gradually  thence  north- 
eastward ;  measures  27  miles  in  extreme 
breadth  ;  and  comprises  an  area  of  417,460 
acres.  About  one-fourth  of  it  is  bleak  high 
upland,  and  much  of  the  rest  consists  of 
moors,  mosses,  swamps,  and  lakes.  All 
was  purchased  in  1844  by  the  late  Sir 
J.  Matheson,  Bart.,  for  £190,000;  and  a 
considerable  aggregate  was  afterwards 
reclaimed  and  embellished  at  very  great 
expense.  Lewis  Castle,  the  seat  of  the 
proprietor,  is  a  handsome  Tudor  edifice  in 
vicinity  of  Stornoway.  Pop.  of  Lewis- 
proper,  22,447. 

LEWISTON  (EAST  and  WEST),  two  vil- 
lages in  Urquhart  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

LEY,  hamlet  in  Kettins  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

LEY,  place,  with  ruined  chapel,  in  Towie 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LEYS,  estate  and  lake  in  Banchory- 
Ternan  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

LEYS,  castellated  modern  mansion,  with 
extensive  view,  in  Croy  parish,  Inverness- 
shire. 

LEYSMILL,  railway  station  and  village, 
5^  miles  north-north-west  of  Arbroath, 
Forfarshire. 

LHANBRYDE.     See  Andrews  -  Lhan- 

BRYDE  (ST.). 

LIBBERTON,  hamlet  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  hamlet  lies  2£ 
miles  south-east  of  Carnwath,  and  has  a 
church  with  450  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  64  scholars. — The  parish 
contains  also  Quothquan  hamlet,  and  its  post 
town  is  Carnwath.  Its  length  is  6  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  5  miles  ;  its  area  8231 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8550. 
Pop.  625.  The  surface  is  a  peninsula 
between  the  Clyde  and  the  South  Med- 
win,  includes  much  alluvial  land  adjacent 
to  the  Clyde,  and  rises  thence  to  summit 
of  hill-ridge  on  south-eastern  boundary. 
The  seats  are  Shieldhill  and  Huntfield ; 
and  an  interesting  antiquity  is  a  double- 
walled  Caledonian  camp  with  extensive 
view.    A  public  school  is  in  Quothquan. 

LIBERTON,  village  and  parish  in  Edin- 
burghshire. The  village  stands  2f  miles 
south-south-east  of  the  centre  of  Edin- 
burgh, and  has  a  post  office  with  all 
departments  under  Edinburgh,  a  large 
conspicuous  parochial  church  of  1815,  and 
a  large  public  school. — The  parish  contains 
also  a  pendicle  of  Edinburgh,  all  Gilmer- 
ton,  Greenend,  and  Niddry  villages,  about 
17  hamlets,  and  parts  of  Echobank  and 
New  Craighall.  Its  length  is  6  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  4  miles  ;  its  area  6617 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £53,968. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  6026;  quoad  sacra, 
4401.  The  surface  jjresents  a  rich  diver- 
sity of  plain,  undulation,  rising-ground, 
and  low  hill ;  and,  both  in  its  own  features 
and  in  the  views  which  it  commands,  is  the 
most  beautiful  in  the  Lothians,  and  may 
compare  with  the  finest  in  Great  Britain. 
The  rocks  are  extensively  carboniferous, 


LIB 


300 


LIN 


and  are  largely  mined  or  quarried.  The 
mansions  and  villas  are  numerous ;  and 
the  antiquities  include  the  imposing  ruin 
of  Craigmillar  Castle,  and  the  curious 
cavern  of  Gilmerton.  A  Free  church  is 
near  Liberton  village,  and  a  quoad  sacra 
parochial  church  is  at  Gilmerton.  There 
are  7  schools  for  625  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  for  150  is  new. 

LIBERTY,  village  in  Kilconquhar  parish, 
Fife. 

LIBO,  beautiful  small  lake,  3  miles 
south-west  of  Neilston,  Renfrewshire. 

LICKLYHEAD,  decayed  mansion  in 
Premnay  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LICKPRIVICK,  quondam  castellated 
mansion,  1£  mile  south  of  East  Kilbride, 
Lanarkshire. 

LIDDEL,  river,  running  12J  miles  in 
Roxburghshire,  and  1\  on  boundary  be- 
tween Scotland  and  England,  all  south- 
south-westward  to  the  Esk  at  7  miles 
south  of  Langholm. 

LIDDELBANK,  estate  on  Scottish  side  of 
the  Liddel,  \\  miles  south-south-west  of 
Newcastleton. 

LIDDESDALE,  district  identical  with 
Newcastleton  parish,  Roxburghshire.  It 
consists  of  the  Liddel's  basin  down  to  the 
point  of  that  river's  leaving  Roxburgh- 
shire ;  and  it  is  the  country  of  '  Dandy 
Dinmont '  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Guy 
Mannering. 

LIETCHFIELD,  small  lake  in  Ardersier 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

LIEURARY,  hamlet  in  Halkirk  parish, 
Caithness.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  72  scholars. 

LIFF,  village  and  parish  in  south-west 
extremity  of  Forfarshire,  but  the  parish 
including  4  acres  in  Perthshire.  The 
village  stands  4£  miles  west-north-west  of 
Dundee,  and  has  a  railway  station,  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  88  scholars. — The  parish 
contains  also  much  of  Dundee  burgh,  all 
Lochee  town,  Muirhead,  Birkhill,  Benvie, 
Invergowrie,  Dargie,  and  Backmuir  vil- 
lages, and  part  of  Mylnefield-Feus.  Its 
length  is  6  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  4 
miles  ;  its  area,  exclusive  of  the  Perthshire 
pendicle,  7070  acres.  Real  property  of 
landward  part  in  1880-81,  £15,336.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  42,647  ;  quoad  sacra,  12,772. 
The  surface  rises  gently  from  Firth  of  Tay 
for  nearly  3  miles,  till  it  has  an  elevation 
of  about  400  feet  above  sea-level,  and  then 
declines  northward  to  Dighty  rivulet. 
Chief  seats  are  Grey,  Campeidown,  and 
Balruddery  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  a 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  King's  Cross  of 
Pitalpie,  and  sites  of  a  Roman  camp  and 
an  early  royal  castle.  Numerous  churches 
and  schools  are  in  Lochee  and  the  Liff 
section  of  Dundee,  and  2  schools  for  230 
scholars  are  in  rural  parts. 

LIGHTBURN,  village  in  east  end  of  Cam- 
buslang  parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  464. 

LIGHTWATER,  burn  entering  the  Car- 
ron  near  Camelon,  Stirlingshire. 


LILLIARD'S-EDGE,  battlefield  of  1545, 
5  miles  north-by-west  of  Jedburgh,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

LILLIESLEAF,  village  and  parish  in 
north-west  of  Roxburghshire.  The  village 
stands  8  miles  south  of  Melrose  ;  had  14 
peel  towers  in  the  times  of  the  Border  feuds; 
and  has  now  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated 
of  Selkirkshire,  Established  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  capacity  for  169  scholars.  Pop. 
289.  —  The  parish  measures  5  miles  by 
2f,  and  comprises  6673  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £8841.  Pop.  718.  The 
surface  consists  mostly  of  ridgy  emi- 
nences with  fertile  slopes,  and  includes 
a  moor  where  numerous  meetings  of  the 
Covenanters  were  held.  The  seats  are 
Riddell  and  Cotefield. 

LILLYBURN,  print-field  in  Campsie 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

LILY,  lake  in  Shotts  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LIMECRAIGS,  seat  in  Campbelton 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

LIMEFIELD,  seat  in  "West  Calder  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

LIMEKILNEDGE,  limeworks  in  Hobkirk 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

LIMEKILNS,  seaport  village  on  the 
Forth,  3£  miles  west  of  Inverkeithing, 
Fife.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Dunferm- 
line, a  good  harbour,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  with  1056  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  160  scholars.    Pop.  677. 

LIMEKILNS,  seat  in  East  Kilbride  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

LIMERIGG,  village  in  Slamannan  parish, 
Stirlingshire.    Pop.  811. 

LINA  (ALTARS  OF),  two  reefs  off 
north-east  coast  of  North  Ronaldshay, 
Orkney. 

LINBURN,  seat  in  Kirknewton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

LINCLET,  bay  on  east  side  of  North 
Ronaldshay,  Orkney. 

LINCLUDEN,  seat  and  ruined  ancient 
collegiate  church  on  the  Nith,  1J  mile 
north  of  Dumfries.  Burns  frequented  Lin- 
cluden,  and  depicts  it  in  two  of  his  poems. 

LINDALEE.    See  Lintalee. 

LINDEAN,  ancient  parish  on  north-west 
border  of  Roxburghshire.  It  lies  on  the 
Etfcrick  and  the  Tweed  mid-way  between 
Selkirk  and  Galashiels ;  it  is  now  united 
to  Galashiels  ;  and  it  has  a  railway  station 
and  a  public  school. 

LINDERTIS,  seat  of  Sir  Thomas  Munro, 
Bart.,  3  miles  west-south- west  of  Kirrie- 
muir, Forfarshire. 

LINDORES,  village,  lake,  mansion,  and 
fragments  of  ancient  abbey  in  Abdie  parish, 
Fife.  The  village  stands  2  miles  south-east 
of  Newburgh  ;  contains  vestiges  of  a  castle 
thought  to  have  belonged  to  Macduff ; 
gave  the  peerage  title  of  baron  from  1600 
till  1775  to  the  family  of  Leslie  ;  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Newburgh. 

LINDSAY,  ruined  strong  old  tower  in 
Crawford  parish,  Lanarkshire. 


LIN 


301 


LIN 


LINDSTON,  lake  in  Dalrymple  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

LINE,  lake  in  Kilninver  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

LINGA,  island  in  Tingwall  parish, 
Shetland.    Pop.  10. 

LINGA,  island  in  Walls  parish,  Shetland. 
Pop.  13. 

LINGA,  islet  and  sound  in  Stronsay 
parish,  Orkney. 

LINGA,  one  of  the  Treshinish  Isles,  near 
north-west  of  Mull,  Argyleshire. 

LINGAFIOLD,  hill  in  Sandwick  parish, 
Orkney. 

LINGAY,  islet  in  Barra  parish,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

LINGLASS,  sand-covered  ruins  of  two 
old  castles  in  "Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

LINGORE,  burn  at  east  end  of  Cambus- 
nethan  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LINHOPE,  lofty  hill  in  Teviothead  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

LINHOUSE,  rivulet,  running  about  10 
miles  northward  to  the  Almond  in  vicinity 
of  Mid-Calder,  Edinburghshire. 

LINKS,  low,  flat,  grassy,  unenclosed 
tracts  adjacent  to  Dunbar,  Musselburgh, 
Leith,  Burntisland,  St.  Andrews,  and 
other  places  on  east  coast  of  Scot- 
land. 

LINKSHOUSE,  place,  with  post  office 
under  Lerwick,  Shetland. 

LINKSNESS,  headland  in  north  of 
Stronsay  Island,  Orkney. 

LINKS  OF  ARDUTHIE,  southern  section 
of  Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire. 

LINKS  OF  FORTH,  serpentine  wind- 
ings of  river  Forth  among  alluvial  lands 
from  vicinity  of  Stirling  to  vicinity  of 
Alloa. 

LINKS  OF  OLD  TAIN,  section  of  Olrig 
parish,  Caithness. 

LINKTOWN,  section  of  Kirkcaldy  town 
within  Abbotshall  parish,  Fife. 

LINKWOOD,  place,  with  extensive  dis- 
tillery, in  St.  Andrews-Lhanbryde  parish, 
Elginshire. 

LINLATHEN,  seat  in  Monifieth  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

LINLITHGOW,  town  and  parish  in  Lin- 
lithgowshire. The  town  stands  16  miles 
by  road,  but  17|  by  railway,  west  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  is  situated  in  a  gentle  hollow, 
containing  a  fine  small  lake,  and  screened 
by  pleasant  low  braes ;  figures  on  record 
in  connection  with  successively  a  Roman 
fort,  an  early  Scottish  castle,  and  a  splendid 
royal  palace  ;  was  the  place  where  Hamil- 
ton of  Bothwellhaugh  shot  the  Regent 
Moray  ;  gave  the  title  of  earl  from  1600 
till  1716  to  the  family  of  Livingstone ; 
ranks  now  as  a  seat  of  provincial  trade, 
an  ancient  royal  burgh,  and  the  capital 
of  Linlithgowshire ;  unites  with  Falkirk, 
Lanark,  Hamilton,  and  Airdrie  in  sending 
a  member  to  Parliament ;  consists  of  a 
street  about  g  mile  long,  and  some  minor 
thoroughfares ;  presents  an  appearance 
partly  ancient  but  chiefly  modern;  pos- 
sesses so  many  fountains,  two  of  them 


curious  and  ornate,  as  to  figure  in  an  old 
rhyme,  '  Linlithgow  for  wells,  Glasgow 
for  bells  ; '  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments,  a 
railway  station,  2  banking  offices,  3  hotels, 
a  neat  town  hall,  plain  county  buildings, 
the  shell  of  its  ancient  royal  palace,  an 
interesting  ancient  parochial  church,  a 
Free  church,  2  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  Congregational  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  and  5  schools  with 
capacity  for  681  scholars.  The  royal 
palace  stands  on  a  gentle  rising-ground, 
peninsulated  by  the  lake ;  arose  in  suc- 
cessive portions  from  the  time  of  James 
IV.  to  that  of  James  VI.  ;  was  a  frequent 
residence  of  the  kings,  and  the  birth- 
place of  Queen  Mary ;  forms  a  hollow 
quadrangle,  chiefly  five  storeys  high,  with 
towers  at  the  angles ;  and  presents  a  plain 
massive  exterior,  but  possesses  rich  features 
of  architecture  and  sculpture  in  the  in- 
terior. The  parochial  church  was  founded 
by  David  I.,  measures  182  feet  by  100,  has 
a  western  tower  once  surmounted  by  an 
architectural  crown,  includes  the  scene  of 
the  vision  to  James  IV.  described  in  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  Marmion,  and  underwent 
extensive  restoration  in  1813  and  1877. 
Real  property  of  the  burgh  in  1880-81, 
£11,480.  Pop.  3913.— The  parish  con- 
tains also  part  of  Linlithgow  -  Bridge 
village,  measures  6  miles  by  4J,  and 
comprises  11,450  acres.  Real  property  of 
landward  part  in  1880-81,  £23,266.  Pop. 
5619.  The  western  boundary  is  all  traced 
by  Avon  river.  The  land  has  very  un- 
equal surface,  is  level  toward  the  east  and 
the  north-east,  rises  into  hills  toward  the 
south,  and  includes  there  a  diversity  of 
slopes  and  two  summits  about  500  feet 
high.  Limestone  and  sandstone  are 
worked.  Chief  seats  are  Woodcockdale 
and  Champfleurie  ;  and  chief  antiquities, 
besides  those  in  the  town,  are  the  line 
of  a  Roman  road  and  vestiges  of  a  military 
station.  An  old  school  for  60  scholars, 
and  a  new  one  for  314,  are  in  the  landward 
parts. 

LINLITHGOW-BRIDGE,  village  on  Avon 
river,  about  a  mile  west  of  Linlithgow. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Linlithgow,  and 
a  bridge  of  1650  ;  and  it  gives  name  to 
a  battle  fought  adjacent  to  it  in  1526. 
Pop.  479. 

LINLITHGOWSHIRE,  or  WEST  LO- 
THIAN, county  on  south  side  of  Firth 
of  Forth,  between  Stirlingshire  and  Edin- 
burghshire. Its  length  is  20  miles ;  its 
breadth  15  miles ;  its  area  127  square 
miles.  The  surface  includes  some  flat 
grounds  both  on  the  coast  and  in  the 
interior,  and  has  aggregately  a  cham- 
paign character,  yet  exhibits  great  diver- 
sity ;  consists  mostly  of  low  heights  and 
gentle  hollows,  rises  in  some  parts  into 
considerable  hills,  and  displays  a  rich 
aggregate  of  picturesque  landscape.  The 
chief  streams  are  the  Almond  on  the 
south-eastern  and  eastern  boundary,  the 


LIN 


302 


LIN 


Avon  on  the  western  boundary,  and  the 
Broxburn  running  to  the  Almond.  Coal, 
paraffin-mineral,  ironstone,  limestone,  and 
excellent  sandstone  are  extensively  worked. 
The  soils  range  from  bad  to  the  best,  but 
are  aggregately  rich,  and  have  been  skil- 
fully treated.  Several  manufactures  have 
considerable  prominence,  and  commerce 
has  a  head  port  in  Borrowstownness.  The 
towns  with  each  more  than  4000  in- 
habitants are  Bathgate  and  Borrowstown- 
ness; with  each  more  than  3000  are 
Linlithgow  and  Crofthead ;  with  each 
more  than  1000  are  Armadale,  Queens- 
ferry,  Broxburn,  and  "Whitburn ;  and  the 
villages  with  each  more  than  300  are 
Blackburn,  Newtown,  Kirkliston,  Ben- 
har,  Durhamtown,  Kinneil,  Longridge, 
Torphichen,  and  Uphall.  The  territory 
now  forming  Linlithgowshire  belonged  to 
the  Caledonian  Gadeni,  figured  promin- 
ently under  the  Romans  in  their  con- 
structing of  Antoninus'  Wall,  and  long 
had  great  consequence  in  connection  with 
Linlithgow  Palace  and  Blackness  Castle ; 
and  it  possesses  numerous  monuments  of 
respectively  the  Caledonian,  the  Roman, 
and  the  mediaeval  times.  The  county 
sends  one  member  to  Parliament ;  and  its 
burghs,  Linlithgow  and  Queensferry,  have 
a  share  in  parliamentary  representation. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £345,024.  Pop. 
in  1871,  40,965 ;  in  1881,  43,198. 

LINN,  seat  near  Dairy,  Ayrshire. 

LINN,  estate  in  Cathcart  parish,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

LINN,  each  of  numerous  waterfalls  in 
Scotland.  The  name  properly  signifies 
a  deep  pool,  but  is  usually  applied  to  a 
cascade  falling  into  a  pool. 

LINNDEAN,  cascade  on  mutual  bound- 
ary of  Humbie  and  Soutra  parishes, 
Haddingtonshire, 

LINNHE,  sea-loch,  or  rather  projection 
of  Firth  of  Lorn  north-eastward  to  con- 
vergence of  Loch  Eil  and  Loch  Leven,  in 
north  of  Argyleshire.  It  is  22  miles  long, 
and  averagely  about  5  miles  wide ;  it 
separates  Appin  on  the  one  side  from 
Morvern  and  Ardgour  on  the  other; 
and  it  contains  Lismore,  Shuna,  and 
some  smaller  islands. 

LINNHE,  mountain  streamlet,  entering 
head  of  Loch  Long  on  boundary  between 
Argyleshire  and  Dumbartonshire. 

LINNHOUSE.    See  Linhouse. 

LINNMILL,  burn,  running  to  Firth 
of  Forth  about  a  mile  west  of  Queens- 
ferry,  Linlithgowshire.  It  makes  a  cascade 
of  75  feet  in  leap. 

LINN  OF  CAMPSIE.  See  Campsie, 
Perthshire. 
_  LINN  OF  DEE,  impetuous  rush  of  Dee 
river  through  very  narrow  gorge,  7  miles 
west-south-west  of  Castleton-Braemar, 
Aberdeenshire. 

LINN  OF  DESKFORD,  beautiful  fall  of 
nearly  30  feet  on  rivulet  in  Deskford 
parish,  Banffshire. 

LINN  OF  MUCKER SEY,  fine  faU  of  about 


30  feet  on  May  rivulet,  in  Forteviot  parish, 
Perthshire. 

LINN  OF  MUICK,  fine  fall  of  36  feet  on 
Muick  rivulet,  7  miles  south-south-west  of 
Ballater,  Aberdeenshire. 

LINN  OF  RUTHRIE,  fine  fall  on  burn 
near  Aberlour  village,  Banffshire. 

LINN  OF  SHIN,  high  salmon-leap  on 
Shin  river,  in  Lairg  parish,  Sutherland. 

LINT,  seat  on  the  Clyde  between  Govan 
and  Renfrew. 

LINTALEE,  seat  in  Jedburgh  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

LINTHILL,  seat  in  Bowden  parish,  Rox- 
burgh shire. 

LINTHILL,  seat  in  Eyemouth  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

LINTLAW,  hamlet  in  Bunkle  parish, 
Berwickshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  75  scholars. 

LINTON,  parish,  with  church  6  miles 
south-south-east  of  Kelso,  Roxburghshire, 
Its  post  town  is  Kelso.  Its  length  is  6^ 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  2£  miles  ;  its 
area  6393  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£8530.  Pop.  543.  The  surface  includes 
part  of  Kale  valley ;  extends  north-north- 
eastward thence,  in  variety  of  form  and 
elevation,  to  boundary  with  England  ;  and 
contains  a  number  of  hillocks  and  three 
considerable  hills.  The  chief  residence  is 
Clifton  Park;  and  the  chief  antiquities 
are  tumuli,  remains  of  camps,  traces  of 
two  Border  fortalices,  and  sites  of  two 
ancient  villages,  Linton  and  Hoselaw. 
The  public  school  has  accommodation  for 
50  scholars. 

LINTON,  parish,  containing  "West  Linton 
and  Carlops  villages,  in  north-west  of 
Peeblesshire.  Its  length  is  10J  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  1\  miles  ;  its  area  23,256 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £13,198. 
Pop.  1117.  The  surface  lies  on  a  base 
about  600  feet  above  sea  level,  includes 
only  about  4000  acres  of  arable  land,  and 
is  elsewhere  chiefly  moorish,  hilly,  and 
mountainous.  Coal  and  limestone  are 
worked.  Established  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches  are  at  West  Linton,  and  a 
Free  church  is  at  Carlops.  Four  schools 
for  284  scholars  -are  in  the  parish,  and 
share  of  another  for  30  stands  beyond  its 
bounds. 

LINTON  (EAST),  town  on  the  Tyne,  5f 
miles  west  of  Dunbar,  Haddingtonshire. 
It  takes  name  from  an  adjacent  linn  on 
the  river,  is  a  seat  of  considerable  country 
trade,  and  has  Prestonkirk  post  office,  a 
railway  station,  a  banking  office,  a  hand- 
some Free  church  enlarged  in  1880,  a 
United  Presbyterian  church,  and  3  public 
schools.    Pop.  1012. 

LINTON  (WEST),  village  near  Broomlee 
railway  station,  at  24  miles  south-south- 
west of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Peeblesshire,  Estab- 
lished and  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  40  scholars. 
Pop.  434. 


LIN 


303 


LOA 


LINTRATHEN,  parish,  with  church  6| 
miles  west  of  Kirriemuir,  Forfarshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Kirriemuir.  Its 
length  is  10  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  4^ 
miles ;  its  area  22,624  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £11,673.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  641 ;  quoad  sacra,  587.  The  surface 
consists  of  a  lower  section  of  the  Benchin- 
nan  Mountains  down  to  a  reach  of  Isla  river, 
and  includes  about  3000  acres  of  arable 
land,  but  is  mainly  upland.  Lintrathen 
Lake,  near  the  church,  measures  about  2^ 
miles  in  circuit,  and  consists  of  remarkably 
pure  water.  There  are  4  public  schools 
with  about  186  scholars. 

LINTROSE,  seat  and  cavern  in  Kettins 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

LINVILLE,  section  of  Kirkfieldbank 
village,  Lanarkshire. 

LINWOOD,  manufacturing  town  on  the 
Black  Cart,  3^  miles  north-by-west  of 
Paisley,  Kenfrewshire.  It  is  modern  and 
regularly  planned,  and  it  has  a  post  office 
under  Paisley,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church,  and  a  large  public  school.  Pop. 
of  town,  1393 ;  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  2505. 

LION'S  FACE,  curious,  lofty,  acclivitous 
rock  near  Clunie  mansion,  in  Crathie 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LIPRICK,  burn  in  Eccles  parish,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

LISMORE,  island  and  parish  in  north  of 
Argyleshire.  The  island  extends  along 
Loch  Linnhe  from  a  point  6  miles  north- 
west of  Oban  ;  measures  miles  in  length, 
and  about  1^  mile  in  mean  breadth  ;  con- 
sists chiefly  of  limestone,  with  rugged  but 
fertile  surface  ;  has  a  post  office  designated 
of  Argyleshire,  and  a  lighthouse  with  fixed 
light  visible  at  the  distance  of  16  nautical 
miles ;  and  contains  Portramsay  and 
Clachan  villages,  Established  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  remains  of  a 
cathedral  including  its  present  Established 
church,  the  shell  of  a  bishop's  castle,  the 
site  of  a  Roman  Catholic  college,  and 
vestiges  of  several  camps.  Pop.  628. — 
The  parish  comprises  the  districts  of 
Lismore,  Appin,  and  Kingairloch ;  includes 
Musdale,  Sheep,  and  Shuna  islands ;  has 
Firth  of  Lorn,  Loch  Creran,  and  Loch 
Leven  on  its  boundaries ;  and  contains 
Ballachulish  town,  and  Appin,  Tayfuirst, 
Duror,  Baligarve,  and  Baligrundle  villages 
or  hamlets.  Its  length  is  about  48  miles  ; 
its  mean  breadth  about  10  miles.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £19,244.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  3433 ;  quoad  sacra,  2174.  The 
coast  has  an  aggregate  extent  of  not  less 
than  90  miles ;  and  the  interior  consists 
chiefly  of  hill  pasture,  moss,  moor,  and 
barren  mountain,  but  comprises  about 
4000  acres  of  arable  land,  and  about  4000 
acres  of  wood.  Established  churches  are 
in  Appin,  Glencreran,  Duror,  Glencoe, 
and  Kingairloch ;  Free  churches  are  at 
Ballachulish  and  Appin ;  Episcopalian 
churches  are  in  Ballachulish,  Duror,  and 
Glencreran  ;  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church 
is  in  Glencoe.     Eight  schools  for  641 


scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  5  of  them 
for  460  are  new. 

LISTONSHIELS,  detached  section  of 
Kirkliston  parish,  4£  miles  south-south- 
east of  nearest  part  of  the  parish's  main 
body,  and  lying  among  the  Pentlands, 
Edinburghshire. 

LITTLE  BRECHIN,  etc.  See  Brechin 
(Little),  etc. 

LITTLEDEAN,  ruined  ancient  baronial 
tower  on  the  Tweed  in  Maxton  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

LITTLEMILL,  village  on  the  Clyde  in 
Old  Kilpatrick  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

LITTLE  RAITH,  collier  village  in  Auch- 
tertool  parish,  Fife.    Pop.  329. 

LITTLE  ROE,  small  island  in  Delting 
parish,  Shetland. 

LITTLE  ROSS,  small  island  at  mouth  of 
Dee  estuary,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  com- 
mands an  extensive  view,  and  has  a  light- 
house with  flashing  light  visible  at  the 
distance  of  18  nautical  miles. 

LITTLEWOOD,  seat  in  Tullynessle  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

LIVE-AND-LET-LIVE,  columnar  testi- 
monial, 805  feet  high,  on  Downie  hill,  2£ 
miles  north-west  of  Barry,  Forfarshire, 
erected  in  1839  in  honour  of  Lord  Panmure. 

LIVER,  stream,  running  about  6  miles 
westward  to  Loch  Etive,  in  Ardchattan 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

LIVET,  rivulet,  running  about  11  miles 
north-westward  to  the  Aven  at  8  miles 
north  of  Tomintoul,  Banffshire. 

LIVINGSTONE,  village  and  parish  on 
south  border  of  Linlithgowshire.  The. 
village  stands  on  Almond  river,  4J  miles 
east-south-east  of  Bathgate  ;  is  an  ancient 
place,  adjacent  to  site  of  strong  baronial 
fortalice ;  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Mid-Calder,  a  railway  station,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  110  scholars. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  most  of  Blackburn  village,  mea- 
sures 6£  miles  by  2f,  and  comprises  5362 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £15,911. 
Pop.  1484.  The  surface  is  diversified,  but 
includes  only  one  considerable  hill.  Coal 
and  limestone  are  plentiful.  An  ancient 
royal  hunting-seat  stood  at  Newyearfield. 
There  are  2  schools  for  323  scholars,  and 
1  of  them  for  208  is  new. 

LIVINGSTONE,  estate  in  Kilsyth  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

LOANHEAD,  town,  5  miles  by  road,  but 
Wj  by  railway,  south-by-east  of  Edinburgh. 
It  has  charming  environs ;  is  inhabited 
chiefly  by  operatives,  but  attracts  Edin- 
burgh families  for  summer  residence  ;  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  all  departments, 
designated  of  Midlothian,  a  railway  station, 
a  banking  office,  a  Free  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  270  scholars. 
Pop.  2493. 

LOANHEAD,  place,  with  large  public 
school,  in  Montrose  parish,  Forfarshire. 

LOANHEAD,  place,  with  large  public 
school,  in  Banchory-Ternan  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 


LOA 


304 


LOC 


LOANHEAD,  bleachfield  in  Lochwinnoch 
jjarish,  Renfrewshire. 

LOANHEAD,  hill  in  Wandell  parish, 

LOANHEAD  -BY-DENNY.     See  Denny- 

LOANHEAD. 

LOANINGDALE,  seat  in  Biggar  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

LOANS,  village,  1\  miles  east-north-east 
of  Troon,  Ayrshire. 

LOCHABER,  district  of  Inverness-shire. 
It  is  mostly  bounded  by  Loch  Lochy,  the 
river  Lochy,  Loch  Eil,  Loch  Linnhe,  Loch 
Leven,  the  river  Leven,  and  a  long  moun- 
tain watershed  right  and  left  of  foot  of 
Loch  Laggan.  Its  length  is  33  miles,  its 
greatest  breadth  21  miles.  The  surface  is 
an  assemblage  of  deep  glens,  broad  moors, 
and  lofty  mountains,  culminates  on  the 
summit  of  Ben  Nevis,  and  is  the  most 
completely  Highland  region  in  Scotland. 
A  wolf  slain  there  in  1680  was  the  last 
wolf  in  Great  Britain. 

LOCH-A-BHEALICH,  lake  in  Kintail 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

LOCH-ACHALL,  etc.    See  AcHALL,  etc. 

LOCHALINE,  village  and  seat  within 
mouth  of  Loch  Aline,  in  Morvern  parish, 
Argyleshire.  The  village  is  modern,  and 
has  a  pier. 

LOCHALSH,  village  and  parish  in  south- 
west of  Ross-shire.  The  village  stands  on 
north  side  of  upper  part  of  Loch  Alsh,  7 
miles  south-south-west  of  Strome  Ferry, 
and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments. Established  and  Free  churches,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  104  scholars. — 
The  parish  contains  also  Plockton  village, 
includes  Gillean  Island,  and  measures  about 
28  miles  by  8.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£6365.  Pop.  2050.  The  surface  is  mostly 
mountainous,  but  less  rugged  and  lofty 
than  that  of  neighbouring  parishes,  and 
includes  about  1500  acres  of  arable  land. 
The  chief  residence  is  Balmacarra.  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches  are  at  Plockton. 
Four  schools  for  386  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  2  of  them  and  enlargements 
for  195  are  new. 

LOCHAN,  burn  entering  Kinnel  river, 
Dumfriesshire. 

LOCHANDOW,  chain  of  reedy  lakes  in 
Muckairn  parish,  Argyleshire. 

LOCHANDUNTY,  lake  in  Petty  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

LOCH-AN-EILAN,  lake  in  Rothiemurchus 
parish,  Inverness-shire.  It  contains  an 
islet  with  ruined  fortalice  of  the  Wolf  of 
Badenoch. 

LOCHANFALLOCH,  lake  in  Port-of-Mon- 
teith  parish,  Perthshire. 

LOCHANHEAD,  railway  station,  13J 
miles  north-east  of  Castle-Douglas,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

LOCHANGANUH,  lake  in  Kildonan 
parish,  Sutherland. 

LOCHAN-LEAMHAN,  lake  in  Glassary 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

LOCHAN-NAN-CORP,  tarn  on  shoulder 
of  Benledi,  Perthshire. 


LOCHANS,  village,  2  miles  south-by- 
east  of  Stranraer,  Wigtonshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  designated  of  Wigtonshire,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  160  scholars. 

LOCHANTUIRC,  small  lake  in  Kirk- 
michael  parish,  Perthshire. 

LOCHANUAINE,  beautiful  tarn  on  hill 
top,  near  mouth  of  Glendouglas,  Dumbar- 
tonshire. 

LOCHANUAINE,  curious  pond,  with 
greenish  water,  in  Logie-Coldstone  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

LOCHAR,  moss  and  rivulet  in  south- 
west of  Dumfriesshire.  The  moss  extends 
southward  to  Solway  Firth  at  8  miles 
south-east-by-south  of  Dumfries ;  measures 
10  miles  in  length,  and  from  2  to  3  miles  in 
breadth ;  is  nearly  all  a  dead  level ;  has 
been  proved  by  excavations  to  have  been 
both  a  sea-inlet  and  a  forest ;  and  exhibits 
now  a  surface  partly  reclaimed  for  the 
plough,  and  partly  used  as  turbary,  but 
chiefly  waste  and  unsightly.  The  rivulet 
bisects  the  moss  from  end  to  end,  and  is 
so  nearly  stagnant  as  to  make  an  aggregate 
fall  of  only  about  11  feet. 

LOCHAR,  burn,  running  to  the  Avon 
in  Avondale  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LOCHARBRIGGS,  village,  with  railway 
station,  2j  miles  north-north-east  of  Dum- 
fries.   Pop.  306. 

LOCHARICLINY,  lake  in  Kildonan 
parish,  Sutherland. 

LOCHAY.    See  Lochy. 

LOCHBOISDALE,  hamlet  on  Loch  Bois- 
dale,  in  South  Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebri- 
des. It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Lochmaddy. 

LOCHBROOM,  parish  in  north-west  of 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Ross-shire,  contains  Ulla- 
pool village,  and  includes  Martin,  Tanera, 
Ristal  islands,  and  some  islets.  Its 
length  is  about  36  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  20  miles.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £14,799.  Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  4191; 
quoad  sacra,  1615.  The  coast,  measured 
around  promontories  and  sea-inlets,  has  an 
aggregate  length  of  more  than  100  miles  ; 
and  it  is  bold,  rocky,  and  precipitous  on 
the  Atlantic,  and  mostly  low  and  sandy 
at  the  heads  of  the  sea-inlets.  The  interior 
is  chiefly  mountainous ;  appears,  as  seen 
from  lofty  inland  vantage-grounds,  to  be 
a  wild,  dismal,  Highland  waste  ;  includes, 
nevertheless,  a  considerable  aggregate  of 
fine  valley  and  fertile  seaboard ;  and  is 
divided  into  the  districts  of  Coigach,  Loch- 
broom-proper,  the  Little  Strath,  and  the 
Laigh.  Coigach  lies  north  of  Tanera 
Island  and  Loch  Broom  up  to  a  point  above 
Ullapool ;  Lochbroom-proper  lies  around 
the  upper  part  of  Loch  Broom  and  south- 
eastward thence  to  a  mountain  watershed  ; 
the  Little  Strath  lies  around  and  above 
Little  Loch  Broom  ;  and  the  Laigh  lies 
around  and  above  Loch  Greinord.  The 
chief  residence  is  Dundonnell,  and  the 
chief  antiquities  are    numerous  dunes. 


LOC 


305 


LOC 


The  churches  are  2  Established  and  2 
Free.  There  are  12  schools  for  842 
scholars,  and  4  of  them  and  an  enlarge- 
ment for  256  are  new.  Lochbroom  is  the 
headquarters  of  a  fishery  district  compris- 
ing 43  creeks. 

LOCHBUY,  bay,  hamlet,  and  old  tower 
on  south  coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 
The  bay  enters  at  15  miles  west-south-west 
of  Oban,  and  is  3  miles  long  ;  and  the 
hamlet  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Oban. 

LOCHCALVA,  bay  on  Edderachyllis 
coast,  Sutherland. 

LOCHCARRQN,  hamlet  and  parish  in 
south-west  of  Ross-shire.  The  hamlet  lies 
near  head  of  Loch  Oarron,  5^  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Strome  Ferry,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Eoss-shire,  a 
banking  office,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
120  scholars.  Pop.  417. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Jeantown  village,  and  measures 
about  25  miles  by  10.  Keal  property  in 
1880-81,  £5858.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
1456;  quoad  sacra,  1405.  The  surface  is 
bisected  lengthwise  by  Carron  river  and 
Loch  Carron,  consists  of  glen  and  valley 
with  flanking  moorish  heights,  and 
includes  about  1250  acres  of  arable  land, 
and  about  1500  of  woods.  Chief  objects 
of  interest  are  Strome  Castle  ruins,  and 
a  Scandinavian  dune.  There  are  3  schools 
for  242  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  50  is 
new. 

LOCHCOTE,  lake,  seat,  and  hills  in 
Torphichen  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

LOCHCRAIG,  mountain  adjacent  to 
Hartfell,  on  mutual  border  of  Dumfries- 
shire and  Peeblesshire. 

LOCHDON,  bay  on  east  coast  of  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire.  It  enters  opposite 
middle  of  Kerrera.  and  goes  4  miles 
windingly  and  narrowly  to  the  north-west. 

LOCHDONHEAD,  hamlet  at  head  of 
Lochdon,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  67  scholars. 

LOCHEARNHEAD,  village  at  head  of 
Loch  Earn,  12  miles  north  of  Callander, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Perthshire,  a  railway 
station,  and  a  hotel ;  and  it  was  designed 
in  1880  to  be  extended  by  a  series  of 
buildings  about  \  mile  long  on  north  side 
of  Loch  Earn. 

LOCHEE,  town,  \\  mile  by  road,  but  6 
miles  by  railway,  north-west  of  Dundee. 
It  is  included  in  Dundee  parliamentary 
burgh ;  it  was,  at  a  recent  period,  a  mere 
village,  irregularly  constructed,  and 
consisting  mostly  of  narrow  lanes ;  it  rose 
rapidly  to  importance  as  a  seat  of  textile 
manufacture ;  it  now  comprises  a  good 
main  street  and  very  large  and  imposing 
factories  ;  and  it  has  a  post  office,  with  all 
departments,  under  Dundee,  a  railway 
station,  2  banking  offices,  2  Established 
churches,    a    Free    church,    2  United 


Presbyterian  churches,  Baptist,  Episco- 
palian, and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
and  large  public  schools.  Pop.  included 
in  Dundee  burgh. 

LOCHEIL,  old  seat  of  chief  of  clan 
Cameron  on  Loch  Eil,  12  miles  west  of 
Fort- William,  Inverness-shire. 

LOCHENBRECK,  lake,  spa,  and  hotel 
in  Balmaghie  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

LOCHEND,  small  lake,  overlooked  by 
remains  of  ancient  castle,  in  north-eastern 
outskirts  of  Edinburgh. 

LOCHEND,  smalllake,  with  artificial  islet, 
in  Newabbey  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

LOCHEND,  small  lake  in  Old  Monklancl 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LOCHEND,  place,  with  Free  church,  in 
Colvend  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

LOCHEND,  seat  of  Sir  George  Warrender, 
Bart.,  in  western  vicinity  of  Dunbar, 
Haddingtonshire. 

LOCHEND,  seat  near  Port-of-Monteith 
village,  Perthshire. 

LOCHEND,  place  near  Dores  church,  near 
foot  of  Loch  Ness,  Inverness-shire.  It  has 
a  post  office  designated  of  Inverness- shire. 

LOCHEND,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Tarbert  quoad  sacra  parish,  Argyleshire. 

LOCHEND,  place,  with  rude  memorial 
of  battle  in  995,  near  Newbridge,  9  miles 
west  of  Edinburgh. 

LOCHEPORT,  hamlet  on  Loch  Eport, 
in  North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides.  -  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Lochmaddy. 

LOCHER,  affluent  of  the  Gryfe  at  If 
mile  east  of  Houston  village,  Renfrewshire. 

LOCHER,  Dumfriesshire.    See  Lochar. 

LOCHFAULD,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Cadder  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LOCHFELL,  mountain,  2256  feet  high, 
5  miles  east-by-south  of  Moffat,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

LOCHFOOT,  village  in  Lochrutton  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Dumfries. 

LOCHGAIR,  hamlet  and  seat  in  Glassary 
parish,  Argyleshire.  The  hamlet  has  a 
post  office  designated  of  Argyleshire,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  79  scholars. 

LOCHGARRY,  seat  on  the  Tummel  near 
foot  of  Loch  Rannoch,  Perthshire. 

LOCHGELLY,  town  and  quoad  saci'a 
parish  in  south-west  of  Fife.  The  town 
stands  6  miles  by  road,  but  1\  by  railway, 
east-north-east  of  Dunfermline ;  is  near 
a  pleasant  lake  of  its  own  name,  about  3 
miles  in  circuit ;  flourishes  in  connection 
with  manufactures  and  neighbouring- 
coal  mines  and  ironwork ;  and  has  a 
post  office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Fife,  a  railway 
station,  a  banking  office,  waterworks  of 
1880,  Established,  Free,  United  Presby- 
terian, and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  577  scholars. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  2601 ;  of  the  quoad  sacra 
parish,  3190. 

LOCHGILPHEAD,  seaport  town  and 
quoad  sacra  parish  in  Argyleshire.  The 
town  stands  at  head  of  Loch  Gilp,  2  miles 

U 


LOC 


306 


LOC 


north  of  Ardrishaig,  and  40  north-west  of 
Eothesay;  serves  jointly  with  Ardrishaig 
as  a  centre  of  trade  between  the  Clyde 
and  the  Western  Highlands ;  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  2 
banking  offices,  Established,  Free,  Baptist, 
and  Episcopalian  churches,  and  3  public 
schools  with  about  401  scholars.  Pop.  of 
the  town,  1485  ;  of  the  quoad  sacra 
parish,  2377. 

LOCHGOILHEAD,  village  and  parish  in 
north  of  Cowal,  Argyleshire.  The  village 
stands  at  head  of  Loch  Goil,  21  miles 
north-north-west  of  Greenock ;  is  engirt, 
at  near  distance,  by  grand  mountain 
scenery ;  includes  a  long  chain  of  villas 
and  ornate  cottages  on  the  loch's  bank ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Greenock, 
a  steamboat  pier,  a  hotel,  a  parochial 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  60 
scholars.  —  The  parish  is  about  35  miles 
long,  and  from  6  to  20  miles  broad.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £10,947.  Pop.  870. 
The  surface  is  bounded  for  12  miles  by 
middle  and  upper  parts  of  Loch  Long, 
for  4  miles  by  upper  part  of  Loch  Fyne ; 
extends  northward  to  vicinity  of  Benloy  ; 
includes  some  good  arable  land  adjacent 
to  the  lochs ;  and  consists  chiefly  of 
rugged,  wild,  lofty  mountains.  Chief 
residences  are  Drimsynie  and  Ardgarten ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  Carrick,  Ardkin- 
glass,  and  Dunduramh  castles.  An  Estab- 
lished church  is  at  Cairndow,  and  2  schools 
with  capacity  for  98  scholars  are  in  the 
parish. 

L0CH60IN,  moorland  farm,  a  famous 
fastness  of  the  Covenanters,  in  Fenwick 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

LOCHHOUSE,  ruined  but  well-preserved 
tower  of  about  the  year  1400,  about  a  mile 
south  of  Moffat,  Dumfriesshire. 

LOCHINDAAL,  sea-loch  bisecting  south- 
ern half  of  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire.  It 
penetrates  about  12  miles  north-north- 
eastward, and  is  about  11  miles  wide  at 
the  entrance,  but  narrows  to  less  than  2 
miles  at  the  extremity. 

LOCHINDAAL,  bay  on  Skye  side  of  Sleat 
Sound,  Inverness-shire. 

LOCHINDORB,  hill-girt  lake,  7  miles 
north-north-west  of  Grantown,  Elginshire. 
It  is  2|  miles  long,  and  it  contains  an 
islet  with  remains  of  historical  strong 
castle. 

LOCHINRUAR,  lake  in  Kildonan  parish, 
Sutherland. 

LOCHINTALLAN,  small  bay  on  east  side 
of  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

LOCHINVAR,  lake,  with  remains  of 
ancient  castle  of  knights  of  Lochinvar, 
ancestors  of  Viscounts  Kenmure,  in  Dairy 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

LOCHINVER,  village  at  head  of  Loch 
Inver,  on  south-west  coast  of  Suther- 
land. It  stands  52  miles  west-north-west 
of  Bonar-Bridge,  serves  as  a  tourists'  centre 
for  a  great  extent  of  country,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 


departments,  under  Lairg,  a  hotel,  a  pier, 
an  occasional  residence  of  the  Duke  of 
Sutherland,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  56  scholars. 

LOCHKNOCK,  small  bay  on  east  side  of 
Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

LOCHLEE,  parish  in  extreme  north  of 
Forfarshire.  It  contains  Tarfside  hamlet, 
with  post  office  under  Brechin,  measures 
14  miles  by  8,  and  comprises  58,382  acres. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £4171.  Pop. 
359.  The  surface  consists  wholly  of 
heights  and  glens  of  Benchinnan  Moun- 
tains ;  has  on  its  northern  boundary 
Mounts  Battock  and  Keen,  2554  and  3180 
feet  high  ;  includes  numerous  other  moun- 
tains of  great  altitude ;  comprises  the 
basins  of  all  the  head-streams  of  the 
North  Esk;  and  is  inhabited  throughout 
very  little  more  than  one-fourth  of  its 
area.  A  small  lake,  called  Loch  Lee, 
giving  name  to  the  parish,  is  in  the  south- 
west centre ;  and  the  ruins  of  Invermark 
Castle  are  near  the  lake's  foot.  The 
churches  are  Established,  Free,  and  Epis- 
copalian, and  the  public  school  has  about 
52  scholars. 

LOCHLEE,  farm,  with  small  lake,  2J 
miles  north-by-west  of  Tarbolton,  Ayr- 
shire. The  poet  Burns  resided  here  with 
his  father  during  several  years,  and  wrote 
here  a  number  of  his  most  popular  poems. 

LOCHLEE,  small  lake  in  Auldearn  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

LOCHLETTER,  seat  on  Loch  Meikle,  in 
Urquhart  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

LOCHLIN,  conspicuous  turreted  ancient 
castle  in  Fearn  parish,  Ross-shire. 

LOCHLUICHART,  hamlet  on  Loch 
Luichart,  17  miles  west  of  Dingwall,  Ross- 
shire.  It  has  a  post  office  designated  of 
Ross -shire,  and  a  railway  station. 

LOCHMABEN,  town  and  parish  in 
Annandale,  Dumfriesshire.  The  town 
stands  on  low  ground  environed  by  lakes, 
8  miles  by  road,  but  10|  by  railway,  north- 
east of  Dumfries  ;  figiired  prominently  in 
the  history  of  the  early  Bruces ;  adjoins 
the  site  of  the  castle  in  which  King 
Robert  Bruce  was  born ;  is  an  ancient 
royal  burgh,  the  poet  Burns'  'Marjory 
wi'  mony  lochs  ; '  sank  into  a  somewhat 
decayed  and  mean  condition,  but  recently 
underwent  much  revival  and  renovation ; 
presents  now  a  pleasant  appearance ;  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  designated  of  Dum- 
friesshire, a  railway  station,  a  banking 
office,  2  good  inns,  a  handsome  town  hall 
of  1878,  a  pedestalled  statue  of  King 
Robert  Bruce  erected  in  1879,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  2  public  schools  with  about 
301  scholars ;  and  unites  with  Dumfries, 
Annan,  Sanquhar,  and  Kirkcudbright  in 
sending  a  member  to  Parliament.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £2609.  Pop.  1216.— 
The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Hightae,  Greenhill,  Heck,  Smallholm, 
and  Templand.    Its  length  is  8£  miles ; 


LOC 


307 


LOO 


its  greatest  breadth  3j  miles ;  its  area 
10,813  acres.  Real  property  of  landward 
part  in  1880-81,  £14,029.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  2816.  The  western  border  is  a 
ridge  of  arable  brae,  and  the  rest  of  the 
surface  is  mostly  a  rich  plain.  The  river 
Annan  traces  most  of  the  eastern  boundary, 
and  four  lakes,  covering  aggregately  about 
532  acres,  lie  in  the  interior.  Lochmaben 
Castle,  succeeding  that  in  which  King 
Robert  Bruce  was  born,  stood  on  a  penin- 
sula of  the  largest  lake,  1^  mile  south- 
south-east  of  the  town ;  occupied,  with 
its  offices  and  outworks,  an  area  of  nearly 
16  acres ;  was  long  a  structure  of  great 
historical  note,  both  as  a  princely  resi- 
dence and  as  a  fortress  ;  and  is  now  repre- 
sented by  only  small  ruins.  The  chief 
seats  are  Halleaths,  Elshieshields,  Broad- 
chapel,  and  Todhillmuir ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities,  besides  Lochmaben  Castle, 
are  Rockhall  moat  and  Spedlin's  Tower. 
A  Free  church  is  at  Hightae.  Three 
schools  for  640  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  2  of  them  for  420  are  new. 

LOCHMADDY,  sea-loch  and  village  on 
middle  of  east  side  of  North  Uist  Island, 
Outer  Hebrides.  The  loch  has  an  aggre- 
gate water  area  of  not  more  than  9^  miles, 
yet  cuts  the  land  into  such  a  multitude  of 
isles  and  peninsulas  as  to  have  an  aggre- 
gate coast-line  of  about  200  miles  ;  and  it 
forms  many  safe,  capacious,  natural  har- 
bours.— The  village  stands  on  one  of  its 
harbours,  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments,  a 
banking  office,  an  inn,  and  a  court-house. 

LOCHMALONIE,  seat  in  Kilmany  parish, 
Fife. 

LOCHMAREE,  place  on  Loch  Maree, 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Dingwall. 

LOCHMORE,  lake  and  quondam  strong 
castle  in  Halkirk  parish,  Caithness. 

LOCHMYRE,  lake  and  ruined  old  chapel 
with  burying-ground  in  Alness  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

LOCHNABO,  beautiful  lake  in  vicinity 
of  Elgin. 

LOCHNACLAR,  lake  in  Kilclonan  parish, 
Sutherland. 

LOCHNACUEN,  lake,  with  winding  bays 
and  small  islands,  in  Kildonan  parish, 
Sutherland. 

LOCHNAGANA,  lake  in  Assynt  parish, 
Sutherland. 

LOCHNAGAR,  mountain,  3777  feet  high, 
11  miles  south-west  of  Ballater,  Aberdeen- 
shire. It  is  cut  by  frightful  corries  ;  it 
has  on  its  shoulder  a  gloomy  tarn  over- 
hung by  tremendous  precipices  ;  it  com- 
mands from  its  summit  a  very  extensive 
and  impressive  view  ;  and  it  is  the  subject 
of  a  well-known  small  poem  of  Lord  Bj'ron. 

LOCHNAGAUL,  bay,  3  miles  long,  in 
Arasaig  district,  Inverness-shire. 

LOCHNAKEAL,  or  LOCHNANGAUL,  sea- 
loch  bisecting  west  side  of  Mull  Island, 
Argyleshire.  It  penetrates  13|-  miles  east- 
by-northward  ;  contracts  in  width  from 


9  miles  to  about  1  mile ;  and  contains 
Little  Colonsay,  Inchkenneth,  and  Eorsa 
Islands. 

LOCHNALUIRE,  lake,  3  miles  long,  in 
course  of  Glass  river,  Inverness-shire. 

LOCHNAMBREACDEARG,  lake  in  Kil- 
tarlity  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

LOCHNAMHOON,  small  lake,  once  pos- 
sessing a  floating  islet,  2\  miles  east  of 
Aviemore,  Inverness-shire. 

LOCHNAMOIN,  lake  in  Kildonan  parish, 
Sutherland. 

LOCHNANEAN,  lake  in  Kirkmichael 
parish,  Perthshire. 

LOCHNANGAUL.    See  Lochnakeal. 

LOCHNANUA,  sea-loch,  9  miles  long, 
split  in  upper  part  into  Lochnanua  and 
Loch  Aylort,  on  mutual  border  of  Ara- 
saig and  Moydart  districts,  Inverness-shire. 

LOCHNASEALG,  lake,  6  miles  long,  in 
Laigh  section  of  Lochbroom  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

LOCHNAW,  seat  of  Sir  Andrew  Agnew, 
Bart.,  5-|  miles  north-west  of  Stranraer, 
Wigtonshire. 

LOCHNELL,  seat,  5  miles  north-north- 
east of  Oban,  Argyleshire.  It  was  built 
by  Sir  Duncan  Campbell,  and  enlarged  at 
much  cost  by  General  Campbell ;  it  has  a 
conspicuous  shell  of  an  observatory  burnt 
in  1850;  and  it  is  near  an  ancient  tumulus, 
opened  in  1871,  and  thought  to  have  marks 
of  serpent-worship.    See  also  Nell. 

LOCHORE,  hamlet,  seat,  and  drained 
lake  in  Ballingry  parish,  Fife.    The  ham- 
let has  a  post  office  under  Lochgelly,  an 
the  lake  had  an  islet  long  crowned  by 
a  castle  of  the  time  of  Malcolm  nr. 

LOCHPARD,  source  of  river  Isla  in 
Botriphnie  parish,  Banffshire. 

LOCHRANZA,  bay  and  village  at  north 
end  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  The  bay 
is  a  mile  long  and  3  furlongs  wide,  adjoins 
a  promontory  with  ruined  ancient  royal 
hunting-seat,  and  forms  part  of  a  grand 
landscape  depicted  in  Sir  "Walter  Scott's 
Lord  of  the  Isles.  The  village  has  a  post 
office  under  Greenock,  a  good  inn,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  84 
scholars. 

LOCHRUTTON,  lake  and  parish  in  east 
of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  lake  lies  6 
miles  west  -  south  -  west  of  Dumfries, 
measures  about  3  miles  in  circuit,  and 
has  much  attraction  for  anglers.  —  The 
parish  contains  Lochfoot  village,  with  post 
office  under  Dumfries,  measures  5|  miles 
by  4^,  and  comprises  7411  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £9048.  Pop.  614. 
The  land  is  partly  flat,  partly  hilly,  and 
mostly  arable.  Chief  objects  of  interest 
are  Merkland  Spa,  a  well-preserved 
ancient  peel  tower,  and  remains  of  a 
Caledonian  stone  circle.  The  public 
school  has  capacity  for  92  scholars. 

LOCHRYAN,  quoad  sacra  parish  and 
seat  on  east  side  of  Loch  Ryan,  Wigton- 
shire.   Pop.  292. 

LOCHS,  parish  in  south-east  of  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.     It  contains  the  post 


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308 


LOG 


office  villages  of  Balallan  and  Carloway, 
and  the  villages  of  Gruver,  Leurbost, 
Rarnish,  and  North  Shawbost ;  and  in- 
cludes the  Shiant  Isles.  Its  length  is  18 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth,  exclusive  of 
the  isles,  12|  miles  ;  its  total  area  124,681 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4670. 
Pop.  6284.  The  coast  is  mostly  very  bold 
and  rocky,  terminates  in  the  south  in 
Loch  Seaforth,  and  is  deeply  cut  by  Lochs 
Brolum,  Shell,  Erisort,  Leurbost,  and  other 
sea-inlets.  The  south-eastern  district  bears 
the  name  of  Park  or  Forest  of  Lewis,  and  is 
mountainous  and  pastoral ;  and  the  other 
districts  are  mostly  flat  and  heathy,  and 
have  such  a  multitude  of  lakes  as  to  be 
a  labyrinth  of  land  and  water.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free.  There 
are  11  schools  for  994  scholars,  and  7  of 
them  for  748  are  new. 

LOCHS,  northern  section  of  Applecross 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

LOCHSIDE,  village  in  Slamannan  parish, 
Stirlingshire.    Pop.  393. 

LOCHSIDE,  village  in  St.  Cyrus  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

LOCHSIDE,  seat  in  Lochwinnoch  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

LOCHSLIN,  lake,  2|  miles  long,  and 
conspicuous  ruined  ancient  castle,  in 
Fearn  parish,  Ross-shire. 

LOCHTHORN,  village  in  Dumfries  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

LOCHTON,  seat  and  hill  in  Longforgan 
parish,  Perthshire. 

LOCHTY,  affluent  of  the  Ore,  at  3J 
miles  north-east  of  Dysart,  Fife. 

LOCHTY,  affluent  of  the  Lossie  in 
Dallas  parish,  Elginshire. 

LOCHWINNOCH,  town  and  parish  in 
south-west  border  of  Renfrewshire.  The 
town  stands  near  Castle-Semple  Loch,  9f 
miles  south-west  of  Paisley;  carries  on 
considerable  manufacture ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Renfrewshire, 
a  railway  station,  a  banking  office,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  2  public  schools  with  about 
323  scholars.  Pop.  1192. —The  parish 
contains  also  the  villages  of  Howwood  and 
Newton  -  of -Beltrees,  measures  about  12 
miles  by  6,  and  comprises  19,507  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £27,735.  Pop. 
3369.  The  surface  is  bisected  by  Castle- 
Semple  Loch,  includes  a  rich  valley  along 
the  sides  of  that  lake,  rises  thence  very 
irregularly  to  the  south-eastern  and  north- 
western boundaries,  and  culminates  in  the 
north-west  in  the  lofty  hill  of  Mistylaw. 
Coal,  limestone,  and  sandstone  are  worked. 
Chief  seats  are  Castle-Semple,  Barr,  and 
Garthland  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  Barr, 
Elliston,  and  Auchenbathie  castles.  A 
chapel  -  of  -  ease  is  at  Howwood,  and  5 
schools  for  597  scholars  are  in  the 
parish. 

LOCHWOOD,  ruined  ancient  strong  seat 
of  the  Johnstones  of  Annandale,  5J  miles 
south  of  Moffat,  Dumfriesshire. 


LOCHY,  lake  and  river  in  Great  Glen, 
Inverness-shire.  The  lake  begins  at  10^ 
miles  south-west  of  Fort-Augustus ;  ex- 
tends 10  miles  south  -  westward,  with 
width  from  f  to  1^  mile;  is  flanked  on 
both  sides  by  steep  hills ;  and  forms  part 
of  the  Caledonian  Canal  navigation.  The 
river  issues  from  the  lake's  foot ;  runs  for 
a  mile  in  an  artificially- cut  channel ;  is 
then  identified  for  4/  mile  with  its  tribu- 
tary the  Spean ;  proceeds  then  about  9 
miles  south-westward,  mostly  in  near 
vicinity  to  the  canal ;  is  crossed,  at  about 
2  miles  from  Fort-William,  by  a  ferry, 
with  good  quay  on  each  side ;  and  falls 
impetuously  into  Loch  Eil. 

LOCHY,  small  river  in  Breadalbane, 
Perthshire.  It  describes  the  arc  of  a 
circle  from  west  to  east ;  has  a  run  of 
about  13  miles ;  makes  in  its  lower  reach 
a  series  of  six  cataracts  in  two  groups ; 
unites  with  the  Dochart  at  Killin  village  ; 
and  falls  a  few  paces  afterwards  into  the 
head  of  Loch  Tay. 

LOCHY,  small  affluent  of  the  Aven,  in 
Kirkmichael  parish,  Banffshire. 

LOCHY,  hill  in  Creich  parish,  Fife. 

LOCKERBY,  town,  12  miles  by  road,  but 
14f  by  railway,  east-north-east  of  Dum- 
fries. It  sprang  from  an  old  baronial 
f  ortalice  of  the  Johnstones  ;  acquired  con- 
sequence, after  the  national  Union,  in 
connection  with  great  Border  fairs ;  pre- 
sents a  well-built  appearance  in  midst  of 
a  varied  pleasant  landscape  ;  is  notable  for 
a  vast  annual  lamb  fair  in  August ;  pub- 
lishes  a  weekly  newspaper ;  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
railway  station,  4  banking  offices,  2  hotels, 
a  fine  town  hall  projected  in  1873,  a 
recently  renovated  Established  church,  a 
conspicuous  Free  church  of  1872,  a  hand- 
some United  Presbyterian  church  of  1875, 
and  a  new  public  school  with  about  545 
scholars.    Pop.  2029. 

LOCKS,  place,  with  ironstone  pit,  in 
Old  Monkland  parish,  Lanark. 

LODGE,  village  in  Slamannan  parish, 
Stirlingshire.    Pop.  249. 

LOGAN,  burn  and  seat  in  Lesmahagow 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LOGAN,  seat,  associated  with  memory 
of  the  witty  '  Laird  of  Logan,'  about  a  mile 
east  of  Cumnock,  Ayrshire. 

LOGAN,  burn  in  Kirkpatrick-Fleming 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

LOGAN,  seat  in  Kirkinaiden  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

LOGAN,  burn  in  Broughton  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

LOGAN,  or  LOGANHOUSE,  historical 
rivulet,  now  called  Glencross  Burn,  running 
east-south-eastward  from  the  Pentlands  to 
the  North  Esk,  in  Edinburghshire. 

LOGANBANK,  seat  in  Glencross  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

LOGGIE.    See  LUGGIE. 

LOGIE,  hamlet  and  parish  in  north-east 
of  Fife.  The  hamlet  lies  4^  miles  north- 
east of  Cupar,  and  has  a  parochial  church 


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309 


LOG 


and  a  public  school. — The  parish  contains 
also  Lucklawhill  hamlet,  and  its  post  town 
is  Cupar.  Its  length  is  nearly  4  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  about  1^  mile  ;  its  area 
3599  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£5644.  Pop.  390.  The  surface  is  irregular 
and  hilly,  but  rises  nowhere  higher  than 
about  550  feet  above  sea-level.  A  chief 
object  is  a  ruined  square  tower.  There  is 
a  Free  church  for  Logie  and  Gauldry. 

LOGIE,  parish  in  Stirlingshire,  Clack- 
mannanshire, and  Perthshire.  It  adjoins 
Stirling  town,  and  contains  Causewayhead, 
Menstrie,  and  Blairlogie  villages,  part  of 
Bridge  of  Allan  town,  and  small  part  of 
Stirling  burgh.  Its  length  is  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  about  6  miles ;  its  area 
3026  acres  in  Stirlingshire,  3632  acres  in 
Clackmannanshire,  and  5156  acres  in 
Perthshire.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81, 
£23,761,  £9294,  and  £3712.  Pop.  2985,  and 
1438,  and  273.  The  river  Allan  traces 
the  western  boundary;  the  river  Devon 
traces  the  eastern  boundary  ;  and  the  river 
Forth,  from  mouth  of  the  former  to  mouth 
of  the  latter,  traces  all  the  southern  boun- 
dary. The  land  in  the  north  and  the 
north-east  is  part  of  the  Ochil  Hills ; 
thence,  to  about  tl>e  middle,  is  brae  or 
hanging  plain  ;  and  thence,  to  the  rivers, 
is  rich  carse.  One  of  its  Ochil  hills  is  the 
famous  Dunmyat ;  and  another  of  its  pro- 
minent features  is  Abbey-Craig.  Silver 
and  copper  ores  are  among  its  Ochils  ;  and 
the  mineral  wells  of  Airthrie  are  near 
Bridge  of  Allan.  A  chief  residence  is 
Lord  Abercromby's  seat  of  Airthrie  Castle, 
and  a  chief  antiquity  is  Cambuskenneth 
Abbey.  The  parochial  church  stands  on 
a  rural  spot  near  Blairlogie.  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and  Episco- 
palian churches  are  a,t  Bridge  of  Allan, 
and  a  United  Presbyterian  church  is  at 
Blairlogie.  Six  schools  for  976  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  3  of  them  for  570 
are  new. 

LOGIE,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of  Liff, 
Forfarshire. 

LOGIE,  quoad  sacra  parish,  named  from 
ancient  parish,  and  suburban  to  Dundee. 
Pop.  4270. 

LOGIE,  manufacturing  village  in  Logie- 
pert  parish,  Forfarshire. 

LOGIE,  seat  and  irrigated  meadows  in 
Kirriemuir  parish,  Forfarshire. 

LOGIE,  seat  and  beautiful  valley  in 
Edenkillie  parish,  Elginshire. 

LOGIE,  seat,  If  mile  south-west  of  Dun- 
fermline, Fife. 

LOGIE,  estate  and  lake  in  Crimond 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LOGIE,  rivulet,  running  about  10  miles 
south  -  westward  and  westward  to  the 
Deveron  at  3|  miles  south  of  Banff. 

LOGIE,  promontory  flanking  east  side  of 
Cullen  Bay,  Banffshire. 

LO GIEALMOND ,  quoad  sacra  parish  on 
river  Almond,  averagely  1\  miles  north- 
west of  Perth.  Its  post  town  is  Perth. 
Its  churches  are  Established,  Free,  and 


United  Presbyterian  ;  and  its  public  school 
has  about  92  scholars.    Pop.  581. 

LOGIEBRIDE,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Auchtergaven,  Perthshire. 

LOGIE-BUCHAN,  parish,  with  church  2 
miles  east-south-east  of  Ellon,  Aberdeen- 
shire. Its  post  town  is  Ellon.  Its  length 
is  1\  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  about  2 
miles ;  its  area  6683  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £5750.  Pop.  767.  The 
surface  is  mostly  flat  and  fertile,  and  is 
cut  into  two  nearly  equal  sections  by  the 
navigable  river  Ythan.  There  are  3  schools 
for  219  scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  an 
enlargement  for  109  are  new. 

LOGIE-COLDSTONE,  parish,  with  church 
7  miles  north-west-by-west  of  Aboyne, 
Aberdeenshire.  Its  post  town  is  Dinnet, 
under  Aberdeen.  Its  length  is  7 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  fully  5  miles ; 
its  area  13,600  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £5728.  Pop.  908.  The  surface 
is  partly  a  valley  and  partly  a  range  of 
steep  high  hills.  The  seats  are  Blelack 
and  Corrachree,  and  the  antiquities  are  two 
cairns  and  a  moat.  The  public  school  has 
capacity  for  145  scholars. 

LOGIE -DURNO,  ancient  parish,  now 
called  Chapel-of-Garioch,  Aberdeenshire. 

LOGIE  (EAST  and  _  WEST),  detached 
section  of  Caputh  parish,  surrounded  by 
Clunie,  Perthshire. 

LOGIE  -  EASTER,  parish,  averagely  5 
miles  south-south- west  of  Tain,  Ross-shire. 
Its  post  town  is  Parkhill.  Its  length  is  7 
miles  ;  its  breadth  about  3  miles.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5941.  Pop.  827. 
The  surface  descends  from  north-west  and 
north  to  seaboard  of  Cromarty  Firth,  and 
si  uneven  but  not  rugged.  The  seats  are 
Calrossie  and  Shandwick  ;  and  the  anti- 
quities are  cairns,  supposed  to  be  memorials 
of  an  ancient  battle  between  the  Scotch 
and  the  Danes.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished and  Free  ;  and  the  schools  are  2 
new  ones  with  capacity  for  162  scholars. 

LOGIE-ELPHINSTONE,  seat  of  Sir  James 
D.  H.  Elphinstone,  Bart.,  on  Ury  river,  in 
Chapel-of-Garioch  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LOGIE-MONTROSE,  ancient  parish,  now 
part  of  Logiepert,  Forfarshire. 

LOGIE -NEWTON,  farm,  with  Roman 
camp  and  tri-concentric  Caledonian  stone 
circle,  in  Auchterless  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

LOGIEPERT,  parish,  containing  Logie, 
Craigo,  and  Muirside  villages,  on  north- 
east border  of  Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  of  its  own  name  under  Montrose. 
Its  length  is  5 \  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
3  miles  ;  its  area  5739  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £10,079.  Pop.  995. 
The  North  Esk  traces  all  the  northern 
boundary.  The  land  rises  at  first  gently, 
afterwards  more  rapidly  from  that  river, 
attains  a  commanding  but  not  hilly  ele- 
vation, and  then  slopes  a  short  way  to  the 
southern  boundary.  The  seats  are  Craigo 
and  Gallary  ;  and  the  antiquities  are  three 
tumuli,  called  Craigo  Laws.    The  churches 


LOG 


310 


LON 


are  Established  and  Free,  and  there  are 
2  schools  with  capacity  for  256  scholars. 

LOGIERAIT,  village  and  parish  in  north 
of  Perthshire.  The  village  stands  on 
peninsula  between  the  Tay  and  the  Turn- 
mel,  nearly  in  line  with  railway  viaducts 
across  these  rivers,  8|-  miles  north-north- 
west of  Dunkeld ;  maintains  carriage  ferries 
on  the  two  rivers  ;  was  long  the  seat  of  the 
Athole  family's  regality  courts ;  had  then 
a  grand  court-hall  and  a  prison,  the  place 
of  Kob  Roy's  incarceration  under  sentence 
of  the  court  ;  and  has  now  a  post  office 
designated  of  Perthshire,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  166  scholars. — The  parish  contains 
also  Ballinluig  village  and  part  of  Aber- 
feldy  town  ;  consists  of  a  number  of  de- 
tached sections,  one  of  them  19  miles 
west  of  the  village  ;  measures,  apart  from 
intersections,  about  12  miles  in  length,  and 
4ij  in  mean  breadth ;  and  comprises  37,759 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £18,288. 
Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  2323.  The  main  body 
around  the  village  is  remarkably  beautiful, 
but  much  of  the  detached  districts  is  wild 
upland.  A  number  of  fine  mansions  are 
in  the  main  body ;  and  ruins  of  a  castle, 
said  to  have  been  a  residence  or  hunting- 
seat  of  King  Robert  nt.,  are  near  the 
village.  Established,  Free,  Congrega- 
tional, Baptist,  and  Episcopalian  churches, 
and  a  large  public  school,  are  in  Aber- 
feldy. 

LOGIERIEVE,  railway  station,  16£  miles 
north  of  Aberdeen. 

LOGIE  -  WESTER,  ancient  parish  now 
united  to  Urquhart  in  Ross-shire. 

LOING,  rivulet,  running  about  9  miles 
south-westward  to  head  of  Loch  Long,  in 
south-west  of  Ross-shire. 

LOINHEIRIE,  burn  in  Strathdon  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

LOIRSTON,  lake  in  Nigg  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

LOMOND,  lake  in  Dumbartonshire  and 
Stirlingshire.  It  commences  at  foot  of 
Glenfalloch,  near  boundary  with  Perth- 
shire ;  extends  about  21  miles  south-by- 
eastward  to  vicinity  of  Balloch ;  has  a 
mean  width  of  less  than  a  mile  for  13 
miles  from  its  head ;  expands  then 
gradually  over  4£  miles  to  a  maximum 
width  of  about  5f  miles ;  and  contracts 
thence,  in  somewhat  angular  manner,  to 
a  width  of  about  -|  mile  at  its  foot.  Its 
depth,  in  the  upper  parts,  is  from  200  to 
600  feet ;  in  the  lower  parts,  little  more 
than  60  feet.  It  looks  northward,  at  its 
head,  into  a  vast  Highland  amphitheatre 
zoned  with  alpine  peaks  ;  it  lies  close  to 
the  soaring  acclivities  of  Benlomond  and 
four  other  lofty  mountains  on  the  upper 
and  middle  parts  of  its  east  side  ;  it  is 
overhung  by  many  mountains  of  many 
forms,  from  1500  to  3092  feet  high,  on  all 
its  west  side ;  it  cleaves  the  broad  foot 
of  riant  Strathendrick  at  its  south-east 
corner ;  it  contains,  in  its  expanded 
portion,  numerous  islands  in  much  variety 


of  size,  form,  height,  and  surface ;  it 
receives,  at  numerous  points  on  both  sides, 
numerous  rivulets,  burns,  and  torrents, 
either  through  glens  or  with  cataractine 
descent ;  it  curves,  from  its  south-east 
corner  to  its  foot,  round  a  rich  hanging 
plain,  backed  by  the  Lennox  Hills  ;  and  it 
sends  off  a  limpid  effluence,  at  its  foot, 
into  the  luxuriant  hill-screened  vale  of 
Leven.  The  scenery  of  its  upper  parts  is 
predominantly  sublime  ;  of  its  lower  parts, 
predominantly  ornate  ;  of  its  central  parts, 
a  rich  intermixture  of  beauty,  brilliance, 
and  grandeur. 

LOMOND,  isolated  hill-group  on  mutual 
border  of  Kinross-shire  and  Fife.  It 
extends  6  miles  eastward  from  north-east 
shore  of  Loch  Leven  ;  rises  steeply  and 
ruggedly  on  the  north,  but  gradually  and 
smoothly  on  the  south  ;  and  culminates  in 
two  conical  peaks  1713  and  1471  feet  high, 
which  command  an  exquisite  view  of 
great  part  of  eastern  Lowlands. 

LONACH,  mountain,  crowned  with 
modern  large  memorial  cairn,  in  Strath- 
don parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LONAN,  rivulet,  running  about  6  miles 
westward  to  Loch  Nell,  in  Lorn,  Argyle- 
shire. 

LONEHEAD.    See  Loanhead. 

LONG,  sea-loch  on  mutual  border  of 
Dumbartonshire  and  Argyleshire.  It 
strikes  from  Firth  of  Clyde  at  5  miles 
west-north-west  of  Greenock ;  goes  pre- 
vailingly northward,  but  with  a  curve  in 
its  lower  part ;  is  22  miles  long,  and  from 
2  miles  to  f  mile  wide  ;  sends  off  Loch  Goil 
north-westward  from  middle  of  its  west 
side  ;  is  flanked  by  a  variety  of  fine  slopes, 
verdant  hills,  and  steep  heathy  mountains 
throughout  its  lower  half ;  lies  in  a  pro- 
found Highland  trough,  with  stern, 
rugged,  lofty  flanks  throughout  its  upper 
half,  with  the  fantastic  precipitous 
alpine  group  of  Argyle's  Bowling-Green 
on  the  west  side  ;  and  is  overlooked  at  the 
head  by  the  curiously-outlined  mass  of  the 
Cobbler  Mountain. 

LONG,  sea-loch  projecting  from  head 
of  Loch  Alsh,  in  south-west  of  Ross-shire. 
It  curves  from  a  northerly  to  an  easterly 
direction,  and  has  a  length  of  about  4 
miles,  and  a  mean  breadth  of  about  ^ 
mile. 

LONG,  lake  in  Lundie  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

LONG,  lake  on  south-east  border  of 
Neilston  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

LONGA,  island,  5  miles  west-north-west 
of  Kyleakin,  Inverness-shire. 

LONGANNAT,  village  and  famous  sand- 
stone quarry  on  the  Forth,  4  miles  south- 
east of  Alloa. 

LONGART,  lake  in  upper  part  of  Glen- 
cannich,  on  north-west  border  of  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

LONG  CALDERWOOD,  place,  1|  mile 
north-east  of  East  Kilbride,  Lanarkshire. 

LONGCASTLE,  ancient  parish,  now  united 
to  Kirkinner,  Wigtonshire.     It  includes 


LON 


311 


LON 


part  of  Dowalton  Lake,  and  it  has  a  public 
school  with  about  110  scholars. 
LONG   CAUSEWAY.     See  Causeway- 

HEAD. 

LONG  CRAIG,  islet  in  Firth  of  Forth  to 
the  west  of  North  Queensferry,  Fife. 

LONGCROFT,  village  in  Denny  parish, 
Stirlingshire.    Pop.  246. 

LONG  DALMAHOY,  place,  with  site  of 
ancient  chapel,  in  Katho  parish,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

LONGDYKE,  village  in  Bothkennar  par- 
ish, Stirlingshire.    Pop.  305. 

LONGFAUGH,  rising-ground,  with  well- 
preserved  remains  of  Roman  camp  and 
with  extensive  view,  in  Crichton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

LONGFORGAN,  village  and  parish  on 
east  border  of  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  on  rising-ground  with  splendid  view, 
6  miles  west  of  Dundee,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Dundee,  a  railway  station, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  165  scholars. 
Pop.  366. — The  parish  contains  also  Kin- 
goodie  and  Balbunno  villages,  and  part 
of  Mylnefield-Feus.  Its  length  is  7  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  3  miles  ;  its  area  8528 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £16,105. 
Pop.  1854.  The  surface  includes  part  of 
Carse  of  Gowrie,  rises  thence  in  irregular 
slope  and  low  ridge,  and  ascends  to  two 
summits  of  the  Sidlaws.  The  seats  are 
Mylnefield  and  Lochton  ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  Castle-Huntly  and  remains 
of  an  ancient  chapel.  There  are  2  schools 
with  capacity  for  330  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  240  are  new. 

LONGFORMACUS,  parish,  with  church 
5i  miles  west-north-west  of  Dunse,  Ber- 
wickshire. Its  post  town  is  Dunse.  It 
consists  of  a  main  body  of  8  miles  by 
7-f,  and  a  detached  section  of  1^  mile 
by  1^,  and  comprises  19,532  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £7319.  Pop.  385. 
The  surface  lies  wholly  among  the  Lammer- 
moors.  The  chief  residence  is  Longfor- 
macus  House.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished and  Free.  The  public  school  has 
about  47  scholars. 

LONG  GALLERY,  natural  marine  tunnel, 
navigable  by  boats,  through  high  promon- 
tory in  Dunnottar  parish,  Kincardine- 
shire. 

LONGHAVEN,  place,  4  miles  from  Peter- 
head, Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Ellon. 

LONGHOPE,  natural  harbour  nearly 
bisecting  southern  part  of  Hoy  Island, 
Orkney.  It  opens  at  11  miles  north-north- 
west of  Duncansby  Head ;  goes  5^  miles 
west-south- westward  ;  enjoys  perfect  shel- 
ter from  every  wind  ;  and  has  at  its  mouth 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  under  Stromness,  a 
battery,  and  two  martello  towers. 

LONG  ISLAND,  largest  group  of  Western 
Islands.    See  Hebrides. 

LONGLEES,  hamlet  in  Meigle  parish, 
Perthshire. 


LONGLOAN.    See  Langloan. 

LONGMANHILL,  village  and  hill  in 
Gamrie  parish,  Banffshire.  The  village 
stands  on  the  hill,  was  founded  about 
1822,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Banff. 

LONGMORN,  railway  station,  3  miles 
south  of  Elgin. 

LONGNEWTON,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Ancrum,  Roxburghshire. 

LONGNEWTON,  hamlet  in  Yester  par- 
ish, Haddingtonshire. 

LONGNIDDRY,  village,  3^  miles  north- 
east of  Tranent,  Haddingtonshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  designated  of  Haddington- 
shire, and  a  railway  station.  Vestiges  of 
Longniddry  House,  notable  in  the  history 
of  the  Reformation,  are  near  the  village. 

LONGO,  small  island  in  mouth  of  Gair- 
loch,  west  coast  of  Ross-shire. 

LONGRIDGE,  or  LANRIG,  village,  If 
mile  south  of  Whitburn,  Linlithgowshire. 
Pop.  442. 

LONGRIGGEND,  village,  4J  miles  north- 
east of  Airdrie,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Airdrie,  and  a  railway 
station.    Pop.  475. 

LONGSHANK,  lofty  summit  of  Moorfoot 
Hills  in  Temple  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

LONGSIDE,  village  and  parish  in  Buchan 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village  stands 
6  miles  west-by-north  of  Peterhead,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  de- 
partment, under  Aberdeen,  a  railway 
station,  a  banking  office,  Established, 
Free,  and  Episcopalian  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  194  scholars. — 
The  parish  contains  also  Mintlaw  village, 
measures  about  6  miles  by  5,  and  comprises 
16,836  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£17,566.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3222  ;  quoad 
sacra,  2835.  The  surface  is  low  and  level. 
The  seats  are  Cairngall  and  Innerquhonry. 
There  are  6  schools  for  591  scholars,  and 
2  of  them  for  250  are  new. 

LONG  SPROUSTON,  village,  destroyed 
by  the  English  in  16th  century,  in  Sprous- 
ton  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

LONGSTONE,  hamlet  in  Colinton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

LONGSTRUTHER,  burn  in  Newlands 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

LONMAY,  village  and  parish  on  north- 
east coast  of  Buchan,  Aberdeenshire.  The 
village  stands  5j  miles  south-south-east  of 
Fraserburgh,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Aberdeen,  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  Established  and  Episco- 
palian churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  140  scholars. — The  parish  contains 
also  St.  Combs  village,  measures  about  9£ 
miles  by  3^,  and  comprises  11,075  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £11,813.  Pop. 
quoad  civilia,  2393;  quoad  sacra,  1767. 
The  beach  is  low  and  sandy,  the  sea- 
board is  flat,  and  the  rest  of  the  surface 
consists  of  two  plains  divided  by  small 
ridges.  The  seats  are  Crimondmogate 
and  Cairness  ;  and  the  antiquities  are  a 
Caledonian  stone  circle  and  the  site  of 


LOR 


312 


LOW 


Lonmay  Castle.  A  quoad  sacra  parish 
church  is  in  Kinninmonth.  Seven  schools 
for  675  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  3  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  463  are  new. 

LORABANK,  extinct  old  castle  in  Loch- 
winnoch  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

LORD  ARTHUR'S  SEAT,  mountain- 
summit  in  Tullynessle  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

LORETTO,  famous  extinct  mediaeval 
chapel  adjacent  to  east  end  of  Mussel- 
burgh, Edinburghshire. 

LORGIE,  estate  in  Kilcalmonell  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

LORN,  district  of  Argyleshire.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Loch  Leven,  on 
the  south  by  Lochs  Awe,  Avich,  and  Mel- 
fort,  together  with  arbitrary  lines  between 
them ;  it  measures  33  miles  in  extreme 
length,  and  32  in  extreme  breadth  ;  it  is 
divided  into  Upper  Lorn,  north  of  Loch 
Etive ;  Middle  Lorn,  southward  to  southern 
boundary  of  Muckairn  ;  and  Nether  Lorn, 
thence  to  the  southern  boundary ;  and  it 
gives  the  titles  of  baron  and  marquis  to 
the  Duke  of  Argyle. 

LORN  (FIRTH  OF),  sea-belt  southward 
from  Loch  Linnhe  on  coast  of  Lorn. 

LORN  FURNACE,  extensive  ironwork 
adjacent  to  Bunawe,  Argyleshire. 

LORNTY,  burn  and  village  in  Blairgowrie 
parish,  Perthshire. 

LOSSET,  bay,  2  miles  north  of  Portna- 
haven,  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

LOSSIE,  small  river,  running  about  20 
miles  north-north-eastward  to  the  sea  at 
Lossiemouth,  Elginshire. 

LOSSIEMOUTH,  coast  town  at  terminus 
of  branch  railway,  5  miles  north-north-east 
of  Elgin.  It  comprises  Lossiemouth-proper, 
Bi-anderburgh,  Stotfield,  and  Seatown ;  it  is 
all  modern,  and  was  built  on  regular  plan  ; 
it  serves  for  the  commerce  of  Elgin  and 
large  part  of  Elginshire  ;  and  it  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Elgin,  a  railway  station, 
a  banking  office,  a  hotel,  a  good  artificial 
harbour  of  1829,  waterworks  of  1877, 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  a  large  public  school.  Pop. 
of  Lossiemouth-proper,  1116  ;  with  Bran- 
derburgh,  Stotfield,  and  Seatown,  3484. 

LOSSODIE.    See  Lassodie. 

LOTH,  hamlet  and  parish  on  east  coast 
of  Sutherland.  The  hamlet  lies  11£  miles 
north-east  of  Golspie,  and  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Sutherlandshire,  a  railway 
station,  a  handsome  church  of  1838,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  57  scholars. — 
The  parish  contains  also  Portgower  village, 
and  measures  about  7+  miles  by  4f.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,"  £2599.  Pop.  591. 
The  coast  is  low  and  sandy,  the  seaboard 
is  mostly  flat,  and  the  surface  thence 
ascends  to  a  lofty  hill-ridge  on  the  land- 
ward boundary,  and  is  cut  by  a  wild  glen 
and  several  ravines.  The  rocks  on  the 
coast  are  oolitic. 

LOTHIAN,  territory  on  south  side  of 
Firth  of  Forth,  divided  into  East,  Mid, 


and  West,  or  Haddingtonshire,  Edinburgh- 
shire, and  Linlithgowshire,  but  anciently 
more  extensive.  It  gives  the  titles  of  earl 
and  marquis  to  the  family  of  Kerr. 

LOTHRY,  rivulet,  running  about  6  miles 
south-eastward  to  the  Leven  in  eastern 
vicinity  of  Leslie,  Fife. 

LOUDANS,  bay  adjacent  to  Port-Ellen. 
Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

LOUDOUN,  parish,  containing  most  of 
Newmilns  and  Darvel  towns,  and  part  of 
Galston,  in  south-east  of  Cunningham, 
Ayrshire.  Its  length  is  9  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  7  miles ;  its  area  15,486 
acres.  Real  property  in  1879-80,  £23,563. 
Pop.  5239.  Irvine  river  rises  near  the 
north-eastern  corner,  and  runs  about  9 
miles  along  the  eastern  and  the  southern 
boundary.  Loudoun  Hill,  on  the  eastern 
border,  rises  in  conical  form  to  high  alti- 
tude above  sea-level,  figures  conspicuously 
in  great  extent  of  landscape,  and  was  the 
scene  of  a  victory,  in  1307,  by  Robert 
Bruce  over  the  English.  Much  of  the 
land  on  the  eastern  border  and  near  the 
centre  is  moor  and  moss,  but  the  rest  is 
either  gently  sloping  or  champaign.  Lime- 
stone is  largely  worked,  and  coal  and  iron- 
stone are  plentiful.  Loudoun  Castle  is 
chiefly  a  grand  edifice  of  1807-11,  but 
partly  ■  a  tower  of  15th  century ;  has  ex- 
quisite grounds,  '  Loudoun's  bonnie  woods 
and  braes ; '  and,  with  the  estate  around 
it,  was  sold  in  1868  by  the  Marquis  of 
Hastings  to  the  Marquis  of  Bath  for 
£300,000.  The  antiquities  include  ruins 
of  two  castles  and  remains  of  a  Caledonian 
stone  circle.  Loudoun  gave  the  peerage 
title  of  baron  in  1601,  and  that  of  earl  in 
1633,  to  a  branch  of  the  family  of  Camp- 
bell. The  parochial  church,  a  Free  church, 
and  a  United  Presbyterian  church  are  in 
Newmilns,  and  a  Free  church  is  in  Darvel. 
Four  schools  for  920  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  2  of  them  and  an  enlargement 
for  605  are  new. 

LOUESK,  small  hill,  once  a  seat  of 
justice,  in  Rayne  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LOUISBURGH,  section  of  Wick  town, 
Caithness.    Pop.  940. 

LOUP,  cascade  of  90  feet  on  Endrick 
river,  in  Fintry  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

LOUPS,  series  of  cascades  on  Melgum 
rivulet,  in  Kingoldrum  parish,  Forfarshire. 

LOUTHER.    See  Lowther. 

LOVAT,  hamlet,  with  site  of  ancient 
fortalice,  \  mile  south-east  of  Beauly, 
Inverness-shire.  It  gave  the  peerage  title 
of  baron  in  1472,  attainted  in  1745,  and 
restored  in  1837,  to  the  family  of  Fraser. 

LOVAT-BRIDGE,  bridge,  built  in  1810 
at  a  cost  of  nearly  £10,000,  on  Beauly 
river,  Inverness-shire. 

LOVAT  -  WESTER,  landing-place  on 
Beauly  Firth,  in  Kirkhill  parish,  Inverness- 
shire. 

LOW  CHURCH,  parish  in  Paisley.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  7095  ;  quoad  sacra,  6122. 

LOWER,  seat  and  hill  in  Forfar  parish, 
Forfarshire. 


LOW 


313 


LUG 


LOWER,  moor,  with  Roman  camp,  in 
Invcrarity  parish,  Forfarshire. 

LOWER  BANTON.    See  Auchinmullt. 

LOWER  BARVAS,  village  in  Barvas 
parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  398. 

LOWER  BAYBLE,  village  in  Stornoway 
parish,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  431. 

LOWER  CABRACH,  north-eastern  sec- 
tion of  Cabrach  parish,  Banffshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Huntly. 

LOWER  LARGO.    See  Largo. 

LOWES  (LOCH  OF  THE),  lake,  about  a 
mile  long,  separated  by  only  a  low  narrow 
neck  of  land  from  head  of  St.  Mary's 
Loch,  in  Selkirkshire.  A  massive  monu- 
ment to  the  Ettrick  Shepherd  stands  on  a 
hill  near  its  head. 

LOWLANDMANS,  small  bay  on  east  side 
of  Jura  Island,  Argyleshire. 

LOWLANDS,  all  the  Scottish  mainland 
not  included  in  the  Highlands.  It  ex- 
tends from  south  side  of  Moray  Firth, 
and  from  north-eastern  and  eastern  side 
of  Firth  of  Clyde,  to  boundary  with  Eng- 
land ;  but,  as  regards  configuration,  it 
includes  extensive  tracts  beyond  these 
limits,  and  contains  a  large  aggregate  of 
grand  mountain  scenery ;  and  it  must  be 
understood  with  reference  to  character- 
istics noted  in  our  article  Highlands. 

LOWNIE,  village  in  Dunnichen  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

LOW  ORBISTON,  village  in  Bothwell 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LOWRAN,  rocky  hill  overlooking  Loch 
Ken,  in  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

LOWS  (LOCH  OF  THE),  beautiful  small 
Like,  lh  mile  east  of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire. 

LOWS  WARK,  strong  ancient  weir 
across  Almond  river  about  4  miles  from 
the  Tay,  in  Perthshire. 

LOWTHER,  mountain,  2403  feet  high, 
in  southern  vicinity  of  Leadhills,  Lanark- 
shire. Its  summit  is  a  prominent  one  in 
the  long  central  range  of  Southern  High- 
lands, and  occasions  all  that  range  to  be 
often  called  Lowther  Mountains. 

LOWTHERTOWN,  village  in  Dornock 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

LOWTIS,  lofty  northern  offset  of  Criffel 
Mountain,  in  Newabbey  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

LOW  VALLEYFIELD,  village  in  Culross 
parish,  Perthshire. 

LOW  VICTORIA,  section  or  suburb  of 
Carnoustie,  Forfarshire. 

LOW  WATERS,  village  in  Hamilton 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

LOY,  rivulet,  running  south-eastward  to 
upper  part  of  Lochy  river  in  Great  Glen, 
Inverness-shire. 

LOYAL,  lake  on  mutual  border  of 
Tongue  and  Farr  parishes,  Sutherland. 
It  is  5  miles  long,  and  more  than  a  mile 
wide,  contains  two  islets,  and  is  screened 
by  Benstomino,  Benhiel,  and  Benloyal. 

LOYALL,  hill  in  Alyth  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

LUACHRAGAN.    See  Lusragan. 
LUAG,  lake  in  narrow  glen  on  west 


boundary  of  Fowlis-Wester  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

LUBNAIG,  lake,  extending  4|  miles 
south-south-eastward  and  southward  to 
Leny  Pass  in  vicinity  of  Callander,  Perth- 
shire. It  is  nowhere  more  than  3|  fur- 
longs wide ;  is  flanked  on  the  east  by 
Ardhullary  Mountains,  on  the  west  by 
Armandane  and  Benledi  ;  exhibits  scenery 
with  some  gentle  features,  but  predomi- 
nantly wild  and  grand ;  and  is  skirted  by 
the  Callander  and  Oban  Railway,  and  by 
places  noted  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Lady  of 
the  Lake. 

LUCE,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Hoddam,  Dumfriesshire. 

LUCE,  river  and  bay  in  Wigtonshire. 
The  river  runs  16  miles  south -south-east- 
ward to  the  bay's  head  at  lh  mile  south 
of  Glenluce  village. — The  bay  ought  to  be 
called  a  gulf ;  extends  southward  and 
south-eastward  to  a  line  between  Mull  of 
Galloway  and  Boroughhead  ;  measures 
16|  miles  from  the  head  to  that  line,  and 
18^  miles  along  the  line ;  covers  an  area 
of  about  1G0  scpiare  miles ;  has  mostly  a 
bluff,  bold,  rocky  coast ;  cuts  the  southern 
half  of  Wigtonshire  into  two  peninsulas, 
a  narrow  one  on  the  west  and  a  broader 
on  the  east ;  and  looks  direct  toward  the 
Isle  of  Man,  commencing  18  miles  south  of 
its  mouth. 

LUCE  (NEW),  village  and  parish  in  Wig- 
tonshire. The  village  stands  on  Luce 
river,  5  miles  north-by-west  of  Glenluce, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Glenluce,  a 
railway  station,  Established  and  Baptist 
churches,  and  a  public  school.  Pop.  320. 
— The  parish  measures  miles  by  54;,  and 
comprises  28,877  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £5960.  Pop.  706.  The  surface 
includes  a  small  aggregate  of  low  ground, 
but  is  prevailingly  moorish  and  roughly 
tumulated. 

LUCE  (OLD),  parish  containing  Glenluce 
village,  Wigtonshire.  Its  length  is  10| 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  7^  miles ;  its 
area  31,596  acres.  Real  property  in  1880- 
81,  £18,726.  Pop.  2447.  The  surface  is 
bounded  for  5  miles  by  Luce  Bay ;  in- 
cludes some  level  lands  on  the  coast  and 
on  Luce  river ;  and  is  elsewhere  moorish 
or  hilly.  The  chief  residences  are  Bal- 
kail,  Park  Place,  and  Genoch ;  and  the 
chief  antiquities  arc  ruins  of  Glenluce 
Abbey  and  Synniness  and  Carscreuch 
castles.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian.  There 
are  3  schools  for  500  scholars,  and  2  of 
them  for  400  are  new. 

LUCKENSFORD,  village  in  Inchinnan 
parish.  Renfrewshire. 

LUCKLAWHILL,  village  in  Logie  parish, 
Fife. 

LUDE,  seat  on  the  Garry  near  Blair- 
Athole,  Perthshire. 

LUFFNESS,  estate  in  Aberlady  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

LUGAR,  small  river  and  town  in  Kyle 
district,  Ayrshire.    The  river  runs  about 


LUG 


314 


LUX 


15  miles  westward  to  the  Ayr  near 
Barskimming ;  flows  '  'mang  moors  and 
mosses  many'  in  its  upper  part,  but 
traverses  richly  picturesque  scenery  in  its 
middle  and  lower  parts ;  and  is  crossed 
near  Cumnock  by  a  nine-arched  railway 
viaduct,  756  feet  long  and  150  feet  high. 
— The  town  stands  on  the  river,  2f  miles 
east  of  Auchinleck,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Cumnock,  a  railway  station, 
ironworks,  and  a  chapel  -  of  -  ease.  Pop. 
1353. 

LUGGAN.    See  Laggan. 

LUGGATE,  rivulet,  running  about  7 
miles  eastward  to  the  Gala  at  a  mile 
south  of  Stow,  Edinburghshire. 

LUGGIE,  rivulet,  running  about  11  miles, 
chiefly  west-north-westward,  to  the  Kelvin 
in  vicinity  of  Kirkintilloch,  Dumbarton- 
shire. 

LUGGIE,  upper  part  of  Ballencrieff 
river,  Linlithgowshire. 

LUGTON,  village  in  Dalkeith  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

LUGTON,  rivulet,  running  about  14  miles 
south-south-westward  to  the  Garnock  at 
2  miles  north-north-west  of  Irvine,  Ayr- 
shire. 

LUGTON,  railway  station,  at  deflection 
of  Beith  branch  from  Kilmarnock-Direct, 
in  Dunlop  parish,  Ayrshire. 

LUI,  stream,  descending  from  Ben- 
macdhu  to  the  Dee  at  about  3  miles  below 
Linn  of  Dee,  Aberdeenshire. 

LUIB,  place  in  Glendochart,  22  miles  by 
railway  north-north- west  of  Callander, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office  designated 
of  Perthshire,  a  railway  station,  and  an 
inn. 

LUIB,  bridge  on  the  Don  in  Strath  don 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LUICHART,  lake,  6  miles  long  and 
mostly  about  \  mile  wide,  in  Contin 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

LUIN,  lake  at  head  of  Glenmoriston, 
Inverness-shire. 

LUINA,  historical  lake,  now  called  Loch 
Avich,  Argyleshire. 

LUING,  the  south-western  one  of  the 
Slate  Islands,  at  south  end  of  Firth  of  Lorn, 
Argyleshire.  It  is  separated  by  narrow 
straits  from  Seil  and  Shuna ;  is  distant 
only  Lj  mile  from  Loch  Melford  ;  measures 
6  miles  in  length  and  mostly  about  a  mile 
or  less  in  breadth  ;  consists  of  low  land 
incumbent  on  fissile  slate ;  and  contains 
Toberonochy,  Millbuy,  and  Colipole 
villages,  and  a  model  farm.    Pop.  521. 

LUIRBOST,  place,  with  Free  church  6 
miles  south-west  of  Stornoway,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

LUKE  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  New 
Town,  Edinburgh.    Pop.  1945. 

LUKE  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  east  of 
Glasgow.    Pop.  6945. 

LUKE  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Dundee.    Pop.  3716. 


LUMBISTER,    dale    in    Yell  Island, 

Shetland. 

LUMPHANAN,  hamlet  and  parish  in 
south-west  of  Aberdeenshire.  The  hamlet 
lies  27  miles  west  of  Aberdeen,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Aberdeen,  a  railway 
station,  a  banking  office,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  large  public  school. 
— The  parish  measures  6  miles  by  4,  and 
comprises  8754  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £5912.  Pop.  1130.  The  south 
end  is  bounded  by  the  Dee  ;  and  the  north 
end,  to  the  extent  of  about  2  miles,  is 
within  the  basin  of  the  Don.  Part  of  the 
surface  is  valley  land,  and  part  consists  of 
flanking  hills.  Chief  seats  are  Glenmillan 
and  Findrack;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
cairns  associated  with  the  last  bat  tie  and  the 
death  of  Macbeth.  There  are  2  schools  for 
223  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  200  is  new. 

LUMPHINANS,  village  in  Ballingry 
parish,  Fife.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  194  scholars.    Pop.  440. 

LUMSDANE,  bay  between  Fast  Castle 
and  St.  Abb's  Head,  Berwickshire. 

LUMSDEN,  village,  8  miles  south-south- 
west of  Gartly  railway  station,  Aberdeen- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Aber- 
deen, a  banking  office,  a  hotel,  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  230 
scholars.    Pop.  519. 

LUMSDEN,  ancient  manor  in  Colding- 
ham  parish,  Berwickshire. 

LUNAC,    rivulet    in  Rothiemurchus 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

LUNAN,  river,  bay,  and  parish  in  east  of 
Forfarshire.  The  river  rises  in  eastern 
vicinity  of  Forfar,  traverses  Rescobie  and 
Balgavies  lakes,  and  runs  altogether  13 
miles  eastward  to  the  bay's  head. — The 
bay  has  a  half-moon  outline,  measures  5 
miles  round  the  semicircle,  and  has  a 
bold  rocky  coast  at  each  extremity,  and  a 
low  sandy  beach  over  the  intermediate 
distance. — The  parish  is  bounded  on  the 
south  by  the  river,  on  the  east  by  the 
northern  part  of  the  bay ;  lies  adjacent 
to  Chance  Inn,  with  post  office  designated 
of  Forfarshire ;  and  measures  2|  miles  in  < 
length,  and  1910  acres  in  area.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5031.  Pop.  243. 
The  coast  goes  1^  mile  northward  to 
Buckieden,  and  the  interior  rises  north- 
ward to  an  extreme  height  of  about  400 
feet.  The  only  mansion  is  Lunan  House  ; 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  knaps, 
formerly  used  as  beacon  posts.  The  public 
school  has  about  75  scholars. 

LUNAN,  rivulet,  running  eastward  from 
and  through  the  lakes  of  Caputh  and 
Clunie  to  the  Isla,  2  miles  east  of  Meik- 
leour,  Perthshire. 

LUNANHEAD,  village  adjacent  to  source 
of  Lunan  river  in  eastern  vicinity  of 
Forfar.  It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
112  scholars. 

LUNASTING,  ancient  parish,  now  united 
to  Nesting,  in  Shetland.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  public  school. 


LUN 


315 


LYN 


LUNCARTY,  village  and  ancient  parish 
in  Strathmore,  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  near  the  Tay,  4  miles  north  of 
Perth,  and  has  a  railway  station  and  an 
extensive  bleachfield.  —  The  parish  now 
forms  part  of  Redgorton,  was  the  scene  of 
a  famous  victory  over  the  Danes  about 
the  year  990,  and  contained  till  a  recent 
period  many  small  tumuli  commemorative 
of  that  event. 

LUNDERSTON,  small  bay  about  a  mile 
north-by-west  of  Innerkip,  Renfrewshire. 

LUNDIE,  village  and  parish  on  south- 
west border  of  Forfarshire.  The  village 
stands  9  miles  north-west  of  Dundee,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Dundee,  a  parochial 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  68 
scholars. — The  parish  measures  3  miles 
by  2,  and  comprises  4188  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £4428.  Pop.  317. 
The  surface  includes  part  of  the  Sidlaw 
Hills,  and  is  elsewhere  a  finely  undulated 
tract,'  with  mean  elevation  of  about  550 
feet  above  sea-level,  diversified  by  four 
lakes.  Fowlis-Easter  parish  in  Perthshire 
is  annexed  to  Lundie. 

LUNDIE,  hill  in  upper  part  of  Strickath- 
row  parish,  Forfarshire. 

LUNDIE,  lake  and  lefty  hill  in  Golspie 
parish,  Sutherland. 

LUNDIN,  modern  mansion,  united  to 
ancient  tower,  about  a  mile  west-by-north 
of  Lower  Largo,  Fife. 

LUNDIN  LINKS,  railway  station,  1  mile 
west  of  Lower  Largo,  Fife. 

LUNDIN-MILL,  village  adjacent  to 
Lundin  Links  railway  station,  Fife.  It 
has  a  public  school  with  about  111 
scholars.    Pop.  386. 

LUNGA,  island  a  little  north  of  Scarba 
and  west  of  Luing  islands,  Axgyleshire. 
It  measures  about  2h  miles  by  f ,  and 
consists  of  an  irregular  hill-ridge  with 
maximum  height  of  nearly  1000  feet. 
Pop.  17. 

LUNGA,  one  of  the  Treshinish  Isles,  off 
west  coast  of  Mull,  Argyleshire. 

LUNNA,  seat,  8  miles  north-by-east  of 
Nesting  church,  Shetland. 

LUNNAFIRTH,  sea-belt  between  north 
end  of  Nesting  parish  and  south  end  of 
Yell  Island,  Shetland. 

LUNNASTING.    See  Lunasting. 

LURDENLAW,  section  of  Sprouston 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

LURG,  hill,  1028  feet  high,  in  north  of 
Grange  parish,  Banffshire. 

LURG,  place,  with  considerable  wealth 
of  lead-ore,  in  Glendubh,  Morvern  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

LURG,  place,  with  vestige  of  ancient 
chapel,  in  New  Kilpatrick  parish,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 

LURGAN,  lake,  8  miles  north  of  Ulla- 
pool, Ross-shire. 

LURGIE,  rising-ground,  with  basaltic 
colonnade,  in  Stitchel  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

LURKY-PATIESTHORN,  lake  in  Parton 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 


LUSCAR,  seat  in  Carnock  parish,  Fife. 

LUSRAGAN,  stream,  running  northward 
to  the  sea  in  Muckairn  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

LUSS,  village  and  parish  in  Dumbarton- 
shire. The  village  stands  at  mouth  of 
rivulet  of  its  own  name  on  west  side  of 
Loch  Lomond,  9  miles  north-north-east  of 
Helensburgh,  and  has  a  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Dumbartonshire,  a  pier,  an  inn, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  76  scholars. — The 
parish  includes  a  number  of  the  Loch 
Lomond  islands  ;  measures  lOf  miles  in 
length,  and,  inclusive  of  the  islands,  6| 
miles  in  greatest  breadth  ;  and  comprises 
24,206  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£6416.  Pop.  719.  The  surface  includes 
a  considerable  flat  tract  in  the  south-east, 
and  is  elsewhere  mainly  mountainous,  with 
intersecting  glens.  Luss  glen  bisects  the 
northern  half,  descends  5J  miles  eastward 
to  the  village,  contains  and  adjoins  slate 
quarries ;  and  is  overhung,  on  the  north 
side,  by  mountains  2108,  2149,  and  2302 
feet  high ;  at  the  head,  by  mountains 
2244  and  2328  feet  high ;  on  the  south 
side,  by  mountains  2338,  2149,  and  2158 
feet  high.  The  only  mansion  is  Sir 
James  Colquhoun's  seat  of  Rossdhu,  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  a  cairn  and  traces 
of  an  ancient  fort. 

LUSSA,  rivulet,  running  6  miles  east- 
ward to  Loch  Spelvie,  in  Mull  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

LUSSETTER,  headland  near  middle  of 
east  side  of  Yell  Island,  Shetland. 

LUTHER,  rivulet,  running  5  miles  south- 
ward and  6  miles  south-westward  to  the 
North  Esk  at  1^  mile  west-by-north  of 
Marykirk  village,  Kincardineshire. 

LUTHERMUIR,  village  in  Marykirk 
parish,  Kincardineshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Laurencekirk.    Pop.  383. 

LUTHRIE,  village,  4|  miles  north-north- 
west of  Cupar,  Fife.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Cupar. 

LYBSTER,  village  on  the  coast,  13  miles 
soufch-west  of  Wick,  Caithness.  It  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Wick,  2  banking 
offices,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  214  scholars. 
Pop.  828.   Lybster  House  is  in  the  vicinity. 

LYDIAMILL,  place  on  the  Eden,  in 
Dairsie  parish,  Fife. 

LYDOCH,  lake  on  Rannoch  moor  near 
meeting-point  of  Perthshire,  Argyleshire, 
and  Inverness-shire.  It  is  7  miles  long, 
and  about  a  mile  broad,  and  it  lies  amid 
a  dismal  tract  of  bog,  heath,  and  rock. 

LYLESLAND,  southern  suburb  of  Paisley, 
Renfrewshire. 

LYMYCLEUCH,  burn,  running  to  the 
Teviot  in  Teviothead  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

LYNCHAT,  hamlet  in  Alvie  parish,  In- 
V6rn6ss-sliix6 

LYNDEMUS,  hill  in  Flisk  parish,  Fife. 
LYNE,  railway  station,  river,  and  parish 


LYN 


31G 


MAC 


in  Peeblesshire.  The  station  stands  ad- 
jacent to  the  river,  3  miles  west  of  Peebles. 
— The  river  runs  about  17  miles  south-south- 
eastward from  the  Pentlands  to  the  Tweed 
in  vicinity  of  the  station. — The  parish  is 
bounded  on  the  south-west  by  the  river, 
extends  northward  from  vicinity  of  the 
station,  measures  about  3|  miles  by  2f, 
and  is  united  to  Megget,  lying  detached 
from  8  to  13^  miles  to  the  south.  The 
post  town  is  Stobu.  The  area  of  Lyne 
and  Megget  is  17,227  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £5248.  Pop.  204.  Lyne  in- 
cludes a  strip  of  low  ground  along  the 
river,  but  is  mostly  upland ;  and  it  con- 
ains,  adjacent  to  the  river,  vestiges  of  a 
Roman  camp  of  6  acres  in  extent.  Megget 
will  be  separately  noticed.  A  public  school 
in  Lyne  has  about  55  scholars. 

LYNE,  or  SPITAL,  bum  traversing  Dun- 
fermline parish,  passing  Dunfermline  town, 
and  entering  the  Forth  at  Charleston,  Fife. 

LYNED.ALE,  seat  in  Duirinish  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

LYNEDQCH,  mansion  on  Almond  river, 

miles  north-west  of  Perth.  It  was  the 
seat  of  General  Graham,  Lord  Lynedoch, 
the  hero  of  Barossa ;  and  it  is  near  the 
grave  of  the  song-celebrated  'Bessie  Bell 
and  Mary  Grey.' 

LYNEGAR,  estate  in  "YVatten  parish, 
Caithness. 

LYNEMORE,  fine  cascade  on  Torgarrow 
burn,  in  Ardclach  parish,  Nairnshire. 

LYNTURK,  estate,  deep  dell,  and  burn 
with  fine  cascade,  at  south-eastern  ex- 
tremity of  Leochel  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

LYNWILG,  hamlet  in  Alvie  parish,  In- 
verness-shire. It  has  a  post  office  under 
Aviemore,  and  an  inn. 

LYOLL.    See  Loyal. 

LYON,  lake  and  river  in  Breadalbane, 
Perthshire.  The  lake  is  an  expansion  of 
the  uppermost  reach  of  the  river,  2  miles 
long.  —  The  river  rises  adjacent  to  the 
boundary  with  Argyleshire,  at  4J  miles 
north-north-east  of  Tyndrum ;  runs  pre- 
vailingly east-north-eastward  along  Glen- 
lyon ;  makes  two  considerable  cascades 
at  Sputbaan  and  Moar  ;  has  a  total  run  of 
rd)out  32  miles ;  and  falls  into  the  Tay  at 
miles  north-east  of  Kenmore.  See 
Glenlyon  and  Fortingal. 

LYTH,  estate  in  Bower  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 


MAAM-RATTACHAN,  alpine  pass,  open- 
ing on  magnificent  view,  on  mutual  border 
of  Glenelg,  Inverness-shire,  and  Glenshiel, 
Ross-shire. 

MAAMSOUL,  alpine  mountain,  3862 
feet  high,  with  very  imposing  view,  on 
north  side  of  Loch  Beneveian,  in  Strath- 
affrick,  Inverness-shire. 

MAAR,  burn,  traversing  grounds  of 
Drumlanrig  Castle,  and  entering  the  Nith 
at  2  miles  north-north-west  of  Thornhill, 
Dumfriesshire. 

MABEARY,    or   MABBERY,    lake  on 


mutual  border  of  Wigtonshire  and  Ayr- 
shire, IOts-  miles  north-west  of  Newton- 
Stewart.  Several  islets  are  in  it,  and  one 
of  them  has  remains  of  a  large  castle. 

MACALISTER,  bay  on  east  coast  of  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

MACALLAN,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Knockando,  Elginshire. 

MACANREE,  small  lake  in  Port- of  - 
Monteith  parish,  Perthshire. 

MACARTHUR,  headland  on  Islay  coast 
at  south-east  entrance  of  Islay  Sound, 
Argyleshire.  It  is  crowned  by  a  light- 
house with  fixed  light  visible  at  the 
distance  of  17  nautical  miles. 

MACBETH' S  CASTLE,  circular  mound, 
about  230  feet  in  diameter,  with  moat  30 
feet  wide,  at  Cairnbeddie,  in  St.  Martin's 
parish,  Perthshire. 

MACBETHS  CASTLE,  site  of  strong 
fortress,  believed  to  have  been  erected  by 
Macbeth,  on  Dunsinnan  Hill,  3f  miles 
east  of  Cairnbeddie,  Perthshire. 

MACBETH'S  CASTLE,  traces  of  large 
bi-concentric  fortification,  in  Broughton 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

MACBETH'S  CASTLE,  vestige  of  what 
seems  to  have  been  ancient  Caledonian 
structure,  in  Manor  parish,  Peebles-shire. 

MACBIEHILL,  railway  station  and  seat 
in  north  of  Peeblesshire,  21f  miles  south- 
by- west  of  Edinburgh. 

MACCASKIN,  island  in  Kilmartin  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

MACDUFF,  seaport  town  on  right  side 
of  mouth  of  Deveron  river,  fully  a  mile 
east  of  Banff.  It  is  included  in  Banff 
parliamentary  burgh,  but  has  separate 
local  jurisdiction  ;  it  all  dates  from  times 
subsequent  to  1732,  but  was  preceded  by  a 
fishing  hamlet ;  it  occupies  uneven  ground 
contiguous  to  irregular  sea-cliffs,  and  pre- 
sents a  romantic  contour ;  it  comprises  a 
number  of  well-built  streets,  and  under- 
went much  recent  extension  and  improve- 
ment ;  it  conducts  extensive  commerce, 
and  x^ossesses  one  of  the  best  harbours  on 
the  Moray  Firth,  enlarged  and  greatly  im- 
proved in  1877 ;  and  it  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Banffshire,  a  railway 
sta/tion,  2  banking  offices,  a  hotel,  a  town 
hall,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  Free 
and  Congregational  churches,  and  a  new 
public  school  with  capacity  for  700  scholars. 
Pop.  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  4095. 

MACDUFF  CASTLE,  ruined  strong 
fortalice,  said  to  have  been  built  by 
Macduff,  on  the  coast,  3|  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Dysart,  Fife. 

MACDUFF'S  CAVE,  cave,  said  to  have 
been  retreat  of  Macduff  when  hiding  from 
Macbeth,  on  Kincraig  promontory,  1|  mile 
west  of  Elie,  Fife. 

MACDUFF'S  CROSS,  rudely  indented 
large  block  of  sandstone,  long  possessing 
sanctuary  privilege  for  persons  of  clan 
Macduff,  about  a  mile  south  of  Newburgh, 
Fife. 

MACFADYEN'S  CAVE,  historical  cave  in 


MAC 


317 


MAD 


face  of  crag  in  Pass  of  Awe,  Argyle- 
shire. 

MACHAIG,  beautiful  small  lake,  3J 
miles  north  of  Doune,  Perthshire. 

MACHAN  and  MACHANSHIRE,  ancient 
chapelry  and  district,  now  forming  Dalserf 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MACHAR,  south  -  western  section  of 
Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

MACHAR-MIANACH,  large  sandy  tract 
near  northern  extremity  of  South  Uist, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

MACHAR  (NEW),  parish  extending  8 
miles  south-south-eastward  to  the  Don  at 
4  miles  north-north-west  of  Aberdeen. 
Its  post  town  is  Aberdeen.  Its  northern 
part  is  a  detached  section  of  Banffshire ; 
its  other  parts  belong  to  Aberdeenshire ; 
and  all  are  comparatively  narrow.  Acres 
in  Banffshire,  20S7 ;  in  Aberdeenshire, 
6915.  Peal  property  in  1880-81,  £1944 
and  £7828.  Pop.  238  and  1267.  The 
land  is  somewhat  level,  but  considerably 
diversified  by  hills.  The  seats  are  Park- 
hill,  Straloch,  and  Elrick ;  and  the  chief 
antiquity  is  the  isleted  site  of  an  early 
residence  of  the  bishops  of  Aberdeen.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free.  There 
are  4  schools  for  368  scholars,  and  2  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  185  are  new. 

MACHAR  (OLD),  parish  containing  Old 
Aberdeen,  and  much  of  the  city  and  most 
of  the  suburbs  of  Aberdeen.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  south  by  the  Dee,  and  traversed 
through  the  centre  by  the  Don.  Its 
length  is  about  1\  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  4  miles ;  its  area  within 
Aberdeen  parliamentary  burgh,  or  all  of  it 
between  the  Dee  and  the  Don,  5115  acres  ; 
its  area  landward,  or  all  of  it  north  of  the 
Don,  7028  acres.  Real  property  of  the 
landward  part  in  1880-81,  £13,491.  Pop. 
of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia,  56,002  ;  quoad 
sacra,  8388.  The  surface  rises  slowly 
from  the  sea,  and  is  beautifully  diversified 
by  rising-grounds.  Chief  features  are  5 
miles  of  beach,  steep  banks  and  winding- 
course  of  the  Don,  a  large  aggregate  of 
wood  and  other  artificial  ornature,  and 
numerous  manufactories  and  villages ; 
and  chief  residences  are  Grandholm, 
Scotstown,  Denmore,  Balgounie,  Hillton, 
Powis,  Cornhill,  Seaton,  Woodside,  and 
many  villas.  The  parochial  church  is  the 
quondam  cathedral  in  Old  Aberdeen ;  and 
there  are  7  other  Established  churches, 
and  a  correlative  number  of  Free  and 
other  churches.  Sixteen  schools  for  2922 
scholars  are  outside  Aberdeen  burgh,  and 
6  of  them  for  1590  are  new.  See 
Aberdeen. 

MACHERMORE,  seat  in  Minnigaff  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MACHERS,  territorial  division  between 
Moors  and  Phinns,  chiefly  large  peninsula 
between  Wigton  Bay  and  Luce  Bay,  Wig- 
tonshire. 

MACHIRHANISH,  bay  on  the  Atlantic, 
4  miles  west  of  Campbelton,  Argyleshire. 
MACHONY,    or    MADRANY,  rivulet, 


running  about  9  miles  eastward  to  the 
Earn  near  Kinkell,  Perthshire. 

MACHRIE,  rivulet  and  bay  at  middle 
of  west  side  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

MACHRIRIOCH,  small  bay  in  Southend 
parish,  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

MACHRY,  bay  adjacent  to  Kilchoman 
church,  on  west  coast  of  Islay  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

MACHRYKILL,  place,  with  vestiges  of 
ancient  church,  in  Dailly  parish,  Ayrshire. 

MACKINNON'S  CAVE,  vast  cavern  in 
Gribon  promontory,  on  west  side  of  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

MACKINTOSH,  estate,  with  small  re- 
mains of  ancient  castle,  in  Daviot  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

MACKISTON.    See  Maxton. 

MACLACHLAN.    See  Stralachlan. 

MACLARTY,  islet  in  Craignish  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

MACLEAN'S  CROSS,  prominent  one  of 
ancient  monuments  in  Iona,  Argyleshire. 

MACLEOD,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  Glas- 
gow.   Pop.  7761. 

MACLEOD'S  CASTLE,  fragment  of  strong 
old  fortalice  on  beach  adjacent  to  Storno- 
way,  Outer  Hebrides. 

MACLEOD'S  MAIDENS,  three  lofty  ver- 
tical basaltic  columns  on  north  side  of 
mouth  of  Loch  Bracadale,  Isle  of  Skye. 

MACLEOD'S  TABLES,  two  broad  tabular 
hills,  1527  and  1583  feet  high,  in  western 
peninsula  of  Duirinish  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

MACMERRY,  village  in  Gladsmuir  par- 
ish, Haddingtonshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Haddingtonshire,  a  terminal 
railway  station,  and  ironworks.    Pop.  141. 

MACNIVEN,  islet  in  Craignish  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

MADDERTY,  village  and  parish  in 
Strathearn,  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  6^  miles  east  of  Crieff,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Crieff,  a  railway 
station,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school. — The  parish  contains 
also  St.  David  and  Bellyclone,  measures 
about  5f  miles  by  3^,  and  comprises  4801 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6477. 
Pop.  527.  The  land  is  low  and  flat.  The 
seats  are  Dollary  and  "Woodend,  and  a 
prominent  antiquity  is  the  ruined  abbey 
of  Inchaffray. 

MADDISTON,  village  in  Muiravonside 
parish,  Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Linlithgow. 

MADDY,  large  bog,  occasionally  dis- 
charging a  muddy  torrent,  in  Dollar 
parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

MADDY,  Outer  Hebrides.    See  LOCH- 

MADDY. 

MADOES  (ST.),  small  parish  in  Carse 
of  Gowrie,  Perthshire.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  south  by  the  Tay ;  it  contains 
two  hamlets  and  a  pier ;  it  adjoins  Glen- 
carse,  with  post  office  under  Perth ; 
and  it  comprises  1160  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £5433.  Pop.  316.  The 
land  is  nearly  flat.  Pitfour  Castle,  the 
seat  of  Sir  John  S.  Richardson,  Bart.,  is 


MAD 


318 


MAL 


the  only  mansion  ;  and  a  Caledonian  stone 
circle,  a  beautiful  Runic  monument  in  the 
churchyard,  and  a  stone  historically  asso- 
ciated with  the  battle  of  Luncarty,  are 
the  antiquities.  The  church  contains  410 
sittings,  and  the  public  school  has  about 
37  scholars. 

MADRANY.    See  Machony. 

MAEDIE,  lake,  3  miles  long,  at  head  of 
Strathnaver,  Sutherland. 

MAGBIEHILL.    See  Macbiehill. 

MAGDALENE-BRIDGE,  hamlet  about  a 
mile  west  of  Musselburgh,  Edinburghshire. 

MAGGIEKNOCKATER,  hamlet  in  Boharm 
parish,  Elginshire.  It  has  a  ]30st  office 
under  Craigellachie,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  77  scholars. 

MAGNUS  (ST.),  cathedral  in  Kirkwall, 
Orkney. 

MAGNUS  (ST.),  large  bay  on  west  coast 
of  Shetland.  It  measures  &|  miles  across 
the  entrance,  strikes  14|  miles  thence  to 
the  east,  expands  to  a  width  of  11  miles  in 
middle,  and  breaks  into  a  number  of  voes 
or  minor  bays  around  the  head.  Papa 
Stour  Island  lies  in  the  south  side  of  its 
mouth,  Meikle  Roe  Island  in  the  south- 
east of  its  wider  part,  and  a  number  of 
lesser  islands  in  other  parts. 

MAGUS  MOOR,  scene  of  the  murder  of 
Archbishop  Sharpe,  3^  miles  west  of  St. 
Andrews,  Fife.  It  was  literally  a  moor, 
but  has  been  subjected  to  the  plough. 

MAICH,  moorland  stream,  running 
south-eastward  to  head  of  Kilbirnie  Loch, 
in  Ayrshire. 

MAIDEN  BOWER,  curious  cavity  on  hill- 
crag,  1^  mile  south-south-east  of  Dumfries. 

MAIDEN  CASTLE,  round  hill,  with  ves- 
tiges of  ancient  fortifications,  in  south- 
western vicinity  of  Kennoway,  Fife. 

MAIDEN  CASTLE,  vestige  of  ancient 
fort  in  Collessie  parish,  Fife. 

MAIDEN  CASTLE,  extinct  ancient  fort  on 
the  North  Esk,  in  Roslin  parish, Edinburgh- 
shire. 

MAIDEN  CASTLE,  large  romantic  cavern 
in  coast  cliff  near  Auchmithie,  Forfarshire. 

MAIDEN  CAUSEWAY,  ancient  stone- 
paved  road  from  Bennochie  into  Pitodrie 
woods,  Aberdeenshire. 

MAIDENKIRK.    See  Kirkmaiden. 

MAIDEN-PAP,  hill,  1229  feet  high^  6| 
miles  north-north- west  of  Berriedale, Caith- 
ness. 

MAIDEN-PAPS,  conical  mountain,  1677 
feet  high,  8  miles  south  of  Hawick,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

MAIDENS,  village  in  Kirkoswald  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

MAIDEN'S  BREAST,  mountain  peak  in 
north  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

MAIDEN-SKERRY,  inaccessible  insulated 
rock  on  north  side  of  St.  Magnus  Bay, 
Shetland. 

MAIDEN  -  STONE,  huge  block,  with 
curious  hieroglyphics,  near  Chapel  -  of- 
Garioch  church,  Aberdeenshire. 

MAIN,  head-stream  of  Luce  river,  Wig- 
tonshire. 


MAINLAND  OF  ORKNEY.    See  Pomona. 

MAINLAND  OF  SHETLAND,  largest  of 
the  Shetland  Islands.  It  comprehends 
about  one  -  half  of  their  area  ;  extends 
nearly  due  north  from  Sumburgh  Head  ; 
measures  about  56  miles  in  length,  and 
from  a  few  yards  to  20J  miles  in  breadth  ; 
and  is  so  abundantly  and  deeply  intersected 
by  sea-inlets  as  to  be  practically  a  series  of 
peninsulas. 

MAINS,  parish,  comprising  Mains-pro- 
per and  Strathmartine,  and  containing 
Claverhouse,  Baldovan,  and  Kirkton  vil- 
lages, in  northern  vicinity  of  Dundee.  Its 
length  is  5|  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3J 
miles  ;  its  area  6301  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £27,363.  Pop.  3490.  The 
surface  is  part  of  the  strath  of  Dighty 
river,  flanked  by  fertile  low  hills.  Sandstone 
is  largely  quarried,  and  textile  manufac- 
ture is  extensively  carried  on.  The  seats 
are  Baldovan,  Balmuir,  and  Strathmar- 
tine ;  and  a  notable  object  is  a  monu- 
mental structure  on  site  of  extinct  man- 
sion of  Graham  of  Claverhouse,  Viscount 
Dundee.  The  churches  are  Established 
and  Free  ;  and  there  are  5  schools  with 
capacity  for  420  scholars. 

MAINS,  flag-stone  quarry  in  Carmylie 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

MAINS,  ruined  baronial  castle  in  East 
Kilbride  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MAINS,  remnant  of  strong  baronial 
fortalice  in  Daviot  parish,  Inverness- 
shire. 

MAINS,  seat  in  Chirnside  parish,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

MAINS,  estate  in  New  Kilpatrick  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

MAINS,  hamlet  in  Errol  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

MAINS,  head-stream  of  the  White  Cart 
in  Eaglesham  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

MAINSRIDDLE,  hamlet,  with  United 
Presbyterian  church,  in  Colvend  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MAISLEY,  place,  with  lime  work,  in 
Keith  parish,  Banffshire. 

MAKERSTON,  village  and  parish  on 
north  border  of  Roxburghshire.  The  vil- 
lage stands  on  the  Tweed,  5  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Kelso,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Kelso,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  XDublic  school  with  about 
66  scholars. — The  parish  measures  3^  miles 
by  2^,  and  comprises  2865  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £7006.  Pop.  381. 
The  land  rises  gradually  from  left  bank 
of  the  Tweed,  and  has  a  luxuriant  appear- 
ance.  A  chief  feature  is  Makerston  House. 

MAL,  bay  on  west  coast  of  Durness 
parish,  Sutherland. 

MALLENY,  seat,  said  to  have  belonged 
to  King  James  VI.,  in  Currie  parish, 
Edinburgh  shire. 

MALLERT,  river,  running  northward  to 
the  Naver  at  its  efflux  from  Loch  Naver, 
in  Sutherland. 

MALLORE,  lofty  hill-range  in  Muckairn 
parish,  Argyleshire. 


MAL 


319 


MAR 


MALSACH,  hill  in  Gartly  parish,  Banff- 
shire. 

MALTAN-WALLS,  extinct  structure, 
with  vaults  and  subterranean  passages, 
thought  to  have  been  an  establishment  of 
the  Knights  of  Malta,  in  Ancrum  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

MALZIE,  rivulet  and  hamlet  in  Wigton- 
shire.  The  rivulet  runs  about  7  miles 
eastward  to  the  Bladenoch  at  4  miles  west 
of  "VVigton ;  and  the  hamlet  lies  on  its 
lowest  reach,  and  has  a  public  school  with 
about  77  scholars. 

MAMBEG,  hamlet  on  west  side  of  Gare- 
loch,  miles   north-west-by-north  of 

Helensburgh,  Dumbartonshire. 

MAMORE,  district  in  north  of  Lismore 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

MAM-RATTACHAN.     See  Maam-Rat- 

TACHAN. 

MANAR,  seat  and  hill  in  Inverury  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

MANBANE,  one  of  the  Central  Gram- 
pians, 16^  miles  west-by-north  of  Blair- 
Athole,  Perthshire. 

MANDERSTON,  seat,  2  miles  east-north- 
east of  Dunse,  Berwickshire. 

MANDROSE-YETTS,  hill-pass  in  Glen- 
devon  parish,  Perthshire. 

MANGASTER,  bay  on  west  side  of  North- 
maven  parish,  Shetland. 

MANGERTON,  old  tower,  once  a  strong- 
hold of  '  Kinmont' Willie,' on  the  Liddel, 
1^  mile  south  of  Newcastleton,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

MANIGOE,  small  sea-inlet  in  Wick  par- 
ish, Caithness. 

MANISH,  place  in  Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Stornoway. 

MANNER.    See  Manor. 

MANNOCH-HILL,  upland  tract  in  north 
of  Knockando  parish,  Elginshire. 

MANNOCH  HILL,  place  in  Rothiemay 
parish,  Banffshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  80  scholars. 

MANNOFIELD,  village,  2\  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen. 

MANOR,  parish,  with  church  1\  miles 
south-west  of  Peebles.  Its  post  town  is 
Peebles.  Its  length  is  8|  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  5£  miles  ;  its  area  16,622 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6286. 
Pop.  277.  The  Tweed  traces  the  northern 
boundary ;  and  Manor  rivulet,  rising  on 
the  southern  border,  traverses  most  of  the 
interior  and  the  northern  part  of  the  eastern 
boundary  to  the  Tweed.  The  land  in- 
cludes two  isolated  hills,  but  is  mostly  a 
narrow  vale  engirt  by  steep  lofty  hills  or 
mountains.  Chief  objects  of  interest  are 
the  cottage  of  the  'Black  Dwarf  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  novel,  the  Earl  of  Wemyss' 
seat  of  Barns,  Hallyards  House,  a  peel 
tower,  an  ancient  obelisk,  five  ancient 
camps,  and  two  Caledonian  remains.  The 
public  school  has  capacity  for  59  scholars. 

MANOR,  seat  on  the  Don,  3  miles  west 
of  Inverury,  Aberdeenshire. 

MANOR,  small  promontory,  with  ves- 


tiges of  strong  ancient  castle,  south-west 
of  mouth  of  Kirkcudbright  Bay,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

MANOR,  vestiges  of  Roman  causeway 
across  the  Forth,  and  site  of  neighbour- 
ing Roman  fort,  in  vicinity  of  Stirling. 

MANQUHILL,  farm,  with  remains  of 
ancient  noble  castle,  in  Dairy  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MANSFIELD,  village  and  seat  of  Sir 
James  S.  Menteith,  Bart.,  in  eastern 
vicinity  of  New  Cumnock,  Ayrshire. 

MANSLAUGHTER,  one  of  the  Lammer- 
moor  Hills,  with  tumulus,  in  Cranshaws 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

MANUEL,  railway  station  and  neigh- 
bouring remains  of  ancient  priory,  2  mUes 
west  of  Linlithgow. 

MANXMANS,  eastern  offset  or  section  of 
Kirkcudbright  Bay,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MAR,  ancient  district,  chiefly  between 
the  Dee  and  the  Don,  in  south-west  of 
Aberdeenshire.  It  is  divided  into  Brae- 
mar,  Midmar,  and  Cromar ;  and  it  gives 
the  title  of  earl  to  the  family  of  Erskine. 

MAR,  Dumfriesshire.    See  Maar. 

MARCH,  ancient  territory,  now  called 
Merse,  in  Berwickshire.  It  gives  the  title 
of  earl,  dating  from  1697,  to  the  Earl  of 
Wemyss. 

MARCH,  burn,  running  to  Medwin 
river,  Lanarkshire. 

MARCHFARM,  hamlet  in  Kirkinner 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

MARCHFIELD,  extinct  spa  in  Barnton 
grounds,  Cramond  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

MARCH-GILL,  ravine,  traversed  by 
rivulet,  on  mutual  border  of  Lanark 
and  Carluke  parishes,  Lanarkshire. 

MARCHMONT,  estate,  with  railway 
station,  3|  miles  north-east  of  Greenlaw, 
Berwickshire.  It  gave  the  title  of  earl 
from  1697  till  1794  to  the  family  of  Home. 
Marchmont  House  on  it  was  erected  by 
the  last  earl,  and  is  now  the  seat  of  Sir 
Hugh  H.  Campbell,  Bart. 

MAREE,  lake,  extending  18  miles  north- 
westward from  Kinlochewe  to  within  3 
miles  of  Poole  we,  in  west  of  Ross-shire. 
It  competes  with  Loch  Lomond  the  claim 
of  being  the  grandest  lake  in  Scotland; 
it  possesses  some  resemblances  to  that 
lake,  yet  differs  widely  from  it ;  and  it 
has,  in  late  years,  acquired  enthusiastic 
celebrity  entirely  from  the  force  of  its 
own  intrinsic  character.  It  varies  in 
width  from  \  mile  to  1\  miles,  and  is 
widest  at  the  middle ;  and,  for  the  most 
part,  has  a  depth  of  about  360  feet.  Its 
cincture  is  mostly  an  intricate  series  of 
little  rocky  bays  and  little  bold  head- 
lands ;  its  north-east  side  is  flanked  by  a 
mountain-range  rising  from  its  edge  in 
cliffs,  ascending  into  shattered  shoulders, 
and  terminating  in  a  curved  alpine  sum- 
mit ;  its  south-west  side  is  mostly  over- 
hung by  an  upland  amphitheatre,  in  series 
of  ranges,  with  great  diversity  of  breaks 
and  peaks,  away  to  a  lofty  picturesque 
sky  dine ;  and  the  foot,  to  the  extent-  of 


MAR 


320 


MAR 


about  1\  miles,  is  a  narrow  strip,  so 
bordered  and  overhung  by  crags  and 
pinnacles  as  to  present  considerable  re- 
semblance to  the  Trossachs.  Twenty-four 
low  rocky  islets  are  in  its  central  part  ; 
and  one  of  them,  called  Ellan-Maree,  had 
successively  a  Culdee  cell  and  a  Romish 
chapel,  and  retains  a  curious  ancient 
burying-ground.  Loch  Maree  Hotel  was 
erected  in  1872,  stands  at  Talladale,  com- 
mands a  splendid  view  of  the  lake,  and 
was  occupied  for  several  days  in  Septem- 
ber 1877  by  Queen  Victoria. 

MARES,  land-locked  bay  in  Loch  Sea- 
forth,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

MARESTONE,  hamlet  in  Rescobie  par- 
ish, Forfarshire. 

MARGARET'S  HOPE  (ST.),  sheltered  bay 
on  west  side  of  North  Queensferry  penin- 
sula, Fife.  It  gives  refuge  to  ships  during 
adverse  winds  from  the  east. 

MARGARET'S  HOPE  (ST.),  small  bay  and 
village  in  north  of  South  Ronaldshay 
Island,  Orkney.  The  bay  is  a  first-rate 
harbour  for  small  vessels,  and  the  village 
stands  at  its  head,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under  Kirk- 
wall, and  a  good  inn.    Pop.  403. 

MARK,  head-stream  of  the  North  Esk 
in  Lochlee  parish,  Forfarshire. 

MARKHOUSE,  seat  in  Tannadice  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

MARKIE,  rivulet,  running  eastward  to 
the  D  ever  on  at  6^  miles  west  of  Huntly, 
Aberdeenshire. 

MARKIE,  upland  affluent  of  the  Spey 
in  Laggan  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

MARKINCH,  town  and  parish  in  south 
centre  of  Fife.  The  town  stands  on  a 
gentle  eminence,  once  engirt  by  a  lake,  7 
miles  north-by-east  of  Kirkcaldy ;  dates 
from  the  Culdee  times,  but  presents  a 
modern  appearance  ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  money  order  and  telegraph  de- 
partments, a  railway  station,  a  banking 
officej  a  good  inn,  waterworks,  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  a  new  public  school  with  accommoda- 
tion for  300  scholars.  Pop.  1273.— The 
parish  contains  also  Milton,  Coalton, 
Auchmuty,  Balbirnie,  Windygates,  Thorn- 
ton, Cameron-Bridge,  Inverleven,  Wood- 
side,  Balcurvie,  Haughmill,  and  Burns 
villages,  and  part  of  Star  ;  and  it  is  deeply 
indented  by  tbe  parish  of  Kennoway.  Its 
length  is  about  6  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  5  miles  ;  its  area  9821  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £30,153.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  5863 ;  quoad  sacra,  3129. 
The  surface  slopes  gently  toward  the  south 
and  the  east,  but  is  intersected  by  four 
valleys  with  flanking  ridges  of  low  hills. 
Coal  and  ironstone  abound,  and  various 
manufactures  are  carried  on.  Interesting 
ancient  residences  are  Balfour  and  Bal- 
gonie  castles ;  chief  modern  seats  are 
Balbirnie  and  Kirkforthar ;  and  principal 
antiquities  are  a  cross  adjacent  to  the 
town,  artificial  terraces,  supposed  to  be 
Roman,  eastward  of  the  cross,  and  Maiden 


Castle  on  the  eastern  border.  Established 
churches  are  at  Milton  and  Thornton. 
Seven  schools  for  1052  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  3  of  them  and  2  enlargements 
for  657  are  new. 

MARKLAND.    See  Merkland. 

MARKLE,  farm,  with  ruined  old  church, 
in  Prestonkirk  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

MARK  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  Glasgow. 
Pop.  18,002. 

MARLAGE,  coal-field  in  Dalserf  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

MARLEE,  lake,  seat,  and  inn  in  Stor- 
mont,  Perthshire. 

MARLEFIELD,  seat  in  Eckford  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

MAR  LODGE,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Fife, 
2  miles  west- south-west  of  Castleton-Brae- 
mar,  Aberdeenshire. 

MARNOCH,  parish,  containing  Aber- 
chirder  town,  in  north-east  of  Banffshire. 
Its  length  is  about  8  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  5  miles ;  its  area  14,954  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £13,854.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  3230 ;  quoad  sacra,  3141 . 
The  Deveron  runs  in  serpentine  folds  along 
the  southern  and  south-eastern  boundaries. 
The  land  adjacent  to  that  river  is  all 
fertile,  and  includes  some  rich  haugh  ; 
and  that  in  the  centre  and  the  north  is 
diversified  by  vales,  hollows,  rising- 
grounds,  and  hills.  The  chief  residences 
are  Auchintoul,  Cluny,  Netherdale,  and 
Ardmellie  ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are 
Kinardy  and  Crombie  castles.  The 
churches  are  two  Established  and  four 
respectively  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
Episcopalian,  and  Roman  Catholic.  There 
are  3  schools  for  670  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  430  are  new. 

MARNOCK  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Kilmarnock.    Pop.  3487. 

MARR.    See  Mar. 

MARREL,  suburb  or  section  of  Helms- 
dale, Sutherland. 

MARSCO,  one  of  the  Cuchullin  Moun- 
tains in  Isle  of  Skye. 

MARSH,  seat  in  Canonbie  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

MARSON,  farm,  with  site  of  ancient 
chapel,  in  Roseneath  parish,  Dumbarton- 
shire. 

MARTIN,  island,  4  miles  north-north- 
west of  Ullapool,  Ross-shire.    Pop.  42. 

MARTINHAM,  lake  in  Dalrymple  and 
Coylton  parishes,  Ayrshire.  A  wooded 
islet  is  in  it,  and  has  ruins  of  an  ancient 
mansion. 

MARTIN  (ST.),  parish,  averagely  5 
miles  north-north-east  of  Perth.  It  con- 
tains Guildtown  and  Caroline-Place  vil- 
lages, and  its  post  town  is  Perth.  Its  length 
is  5f  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  i\  miles  ; 
its  area  6565  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £8953.  Pop.  741.  The  surface 
rises  eastward  from  left  bank  of  the 
Tay,  attains  considerable  elevation,  and 
has  much  diversity  of  contour.  A  chief 
residence  is  St.  Martin's  House,  and  chief 


MAR 


321 


MAR 


antiquities  are  Macbeth's  Castle,  vestiges 
of  a  Roman  road,  and  remains  of  several 
Caledonian  stone  circles.  The  church  is 
a  handsome  edifice  of  1842.  There  are  2 
public  schools  with  about  98  scholars. 

MARTIN  (ST.),  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Eesolis,  Ross-shire. 

MARTIN  (ST.),  ruined  ancient  chapel  in 
Nungate  suburb,  Haddington. 

MARTIN  (ST.),  extinct  ancient  church 
in  Wick  parish.  Caithness. 

MARTIN'S  STONE,  ancient  standing- 
stone,  the  subject  of  a  curious  legend,  in 
Strathmartine  parish,  Forfarshire. 

MARTLE,  hamlet,  i\  miles  north-east 
of  Haddington. 

MARTLE,  lake,  4  miles  south-by-east  of 
Barrhill,  Ayrshire. 

MARTYRS,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  north- 
east of  Glasgow.    Pop.  6491. 

MARTYRS,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  Paisley. 
Pop.  9464. 

MARTYRS,  bay  in  Iona  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

MARYBANK,  place  in  Urray  parish, 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  112  scholars. 

MARYBURGH,  village,  If  mile  south  of 
Dingwall,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Dingwall,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  153  scholars.    Pop.  420. 

MARYBURGH,  hamlet,  4  miles  south  of 
Kinross,  Kinross-shire. 

MARYBURGH,  Inverness  -  shire.  See 
Fort-William. 

MARYCULTER,  parish  in  north  border  of 
Kincardineshire,  averagely  7  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen,  and  it  contains 
Blairs  Roman  Catholic  College.  Its 
length  is  5|  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
2f  miles ;  its  area  7781  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £7338.  Pop.  1072. 
The  river  Dee  traces  all  the  northern 
boundary.  The  land  adjacent  to  the 
river  is  partly  low  and  fertile,  but 
southward  thence  is  uneven  and  rocky, 
and  toward  the  boundaries  rises  into 
hilly  skirts  of  the  Grampians.  The  seats 
are  Maryculter,  Heathcote,  Kingcausie, 
and  Auchlunies ;  and  the  only  antiquities 
are  small  cairns.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  Roman  Catholic.  There 
are  3  schools  for  188  scholars,  and  2  of 
them  for  120  are  new. 

MAR  YD  ALE,  place,  with  Roman 
Catholic  church,  near  Beauly,  Inverness- 
shire. 

MARYHILL,  town  and  parish  suburban 
to  Glasgow.  The  town  stands  on  Kelvin 
river  and  Forth  and  Clyde  Canal,  3  miles 
north-west  of  centre  of  Glasgow  ;  adjoins 
a  chain  of  canal  locks,  a  lofty  aqueduct, 
and  a  charming  reach  of  the  Kelvin's  vale  ; 
is  near  extensive  new  barracks  for  Glasgow, 
and  the  site  of  a  grand  observatory,  pro- 
jected in  1880 ;  carries  on  considerable 
manufacture ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 


money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Glasgow,  a  railway  station,  2  bank- 
ing offices,  2  Established  churches,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  a  public  school  with  about  306 
scholars,  and  5  other  schools.  Pop.  12,884. 
— The  parish  contains  also  Possil  Park 
suburb,  part  of  Springburn  suburb,  and  a 
north  -  western  part  of  Glasgow  burgh ; 
and  it  comprises  4377  acres.    Pop.  21,644. 

MARYKIRK,  village  and  parish  in  south 
border  of  Kincardineshire.  The  village 
stands  near  the  North  Esk,  6  miles  north- 
west of  Montrose,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Montrose,  a  railway  station,  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  149  scholars.  The 
parish  contains  also  Luthermuir  village, 
measures  about  7  miles  by  6,  and  com- 
prises 9841  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £13,421.  Pop.  1431.  The  land  is 
chiefly  part  of  How  of  Mearns,  but  includes 
two  low  parallel  hill-ridges.  The  seats  are 
Kirktonhill,  Balmakewan,  Inglismaldie, 
Thornton,  and  Hatton.  A  United  Presby- 
terian church  is  at  Muirton. 

MARYKIRK,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  Stir- 
ling.   Pop.  4568. 

MARYPARK,  place  on  south-west  border 
of  Banffshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Ballindalloch. 

MARYPORT,  bay,  2|  miles  north-by- 
west  of  Mull  of  Galloway. 

MARY  (ST.),  parish,  with  Established 
and  Free  churches,  in  New  Town,  Edin- 
burgh.   Pop.  7592. 

MARY  (ST.),  central  town  section  of 
Dundee  parish,  Forfarshire.    Pop.  40,461. 

MARY  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
church  in  Blairgowrie,  Perthshire.  Pop. 
3312. 

MARY  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
church  in  Hawick,  Roxburghshire.  Pop. 
5540. 

MARY  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
church  in  Dumfries.    Pop.  5764. 

MARY  (ST.),  parish  in  Glasgow.  See 
Teon. 

MARY'S  (ST.),  lake  on  north-west  border 
of  Selkirkshire.  It  receives  at  the  head, 
across  a  low  narrow  isthmus,  the  effluence 
of  Loch  of  the  Lowes ;  has  there  a  house 
of  entertainment  called  St.  Mary's  Cottage ; 
extends  in  a  curve  from  northerly  to  east- 
north-east  direction ;  measures  about  3| 
miles  in  length,  and  nowhere  more  than  7 
furlongs  in  width  ;  lies  closely  embraced 
by  smooth,  verdant,  lofty  hills ;  sends  off 
from  its  foot  the  river  Yarrow ;  and  is 
graphically  described  in  well-known  verses 
of  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

MARY'S  (ST.),  charming  small  lake  in 
vicinity  of  Tobermory,  Mull  Island, 
Argyle  shire. 

MARY'S  (ST.),  or  MOIR,  upland  lake,  3 
miles  long,  in  Alness  pai'ish,  Ross-shire. 

MARY'S  HOLM  (ST.),  place,  7  miles 
south-south-east  of  Kirkwall,  Orkney. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Kirkwall. 

MARY'S  ISLE  (ST.),  peninsula,  \\  mile 
x 


MAR 


322 


MAX 


long,  with  seat  of  Earl  of  Selkirk  and  site 
of  ancient  priory,  in  head  of  Kirkcudbright 
Bay,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MARY'S  KIRK  (ST.),  quondam  church 
on  north  side  of  St.  Mary's  Loch,  Selkirk- 
shire. It  long  ha  d  peculiar  celebrity ;  it 
figures  in  many  ballads  and  traditions  ;  it 
ceased  to  be  used  after  end  of  16th  century ; 
and  it  is  now  represented  mainly  by  its 
burying-ground,  containing  the  ashes  of 
many  old  notable  Border  men. 

MARY'S  WELL,  notable  springs  in  Al- 
ness, Bellie,  Maryton,  and  other  parishes. 

MARYTON,  parish,  averagely  3^  miles 
west-by-south  of  Montrose,  Forfarshire. 
Its  post  town  is  Montrose.  Its  length  is 
3  miles ;  its  breadth  mile  ;  its  area  3562 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6423. 
Pop.  389.  The  surface  adjoins  South 
Esk  river  and  Montrose  lagoon,  and  is 
partly  strath  and  partly  low  hill.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free.  The 
public  school  is  partly  new,  and  has 
capacity  for  116  scholars. 

MARYTON,  village  in  Kirriemuir  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

MARYVILLE,  railway  station  between 
Broomhouse  and  Uddingston,  in  north- 
west of  Lanarkshire. 

MARYWELL,  village  in  St.  Vigeans 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

MASHOCKMILL,  mineral  tract  in  Carluke 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MASON'S  COVE,  cavern  in  coast-cliffs 
near  Auchmithie,  Forfarshire. 

MASSAN,  affluent  of  the  Eachaig  in 
Dunoon  parish,  Argyleshire. 

MASTERTON,  village,  H  mile  north- 
north-west  of  Inverkeithing,  Fife. 

MATHERS,  tract,  with  ruin  on  rocky 
peninsula,  and  with  site  of  sea-destroyed 
village  on  coast  of  St.  Cyrus  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

MATTHEW  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  Established  and  Free  churches,  in 
north  side  of  Glasgow.    Pop.  4620. 

MAUCHLINE,  town  and  parish  in  Kyle, 
district,  Ayrshire.  The  town  stands  amid 
charming  environs,  11J  miles  east-north- 
east of  Ayr ;  was  a  constant  resort  of  the 
poet  Burns  during  his  residence  at  Moss- 
giel,  about  a  mile  to  the  north ;  retains 
scenes  and  objects  depicted  in  his  '  Holy 
Fair ; '  retains  also  an  old  edifice  containing 
the  room  in  which  he  was  married  to  Jean 
Armour ;  carries  on  cotton-weaving  and 
the  manufacture  of  ornamental  articles  in 
painted  wood ;  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, a  railway  station,  a  banking  office, 
2  hotels,  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  a  large  public 
school,  and  a  new  educational  institute. 
Pop.  1616.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Haugh  and  Auchmillan  villages,  measures 
about  1\  miles  by  4,  and  comprises  8907 
acres.  Real  property  in  1879-80,  £15,657. 
Pop.  2504.  Mauchline  Hill,  extending 
westward  from  vicinity  of  the  town,  rises 
softly  to  considerable  altitude,  commands 


a  very  extensive  and  splendid  view,  and 
was  the  scene  of  a  victory  over  royal 
troops  by  the  Covenanters.  The  rest  of 
the  surface  is  mostly  flat,  or  declines 
gently  to  the  south.  A  public  school  is  at 
Crosslands. 

MAUCHLINE,  reach  of  Calder  river,  rich 
in  picturesqueness  and  in  mineral  strata, 
5  miles  west  of  Hamilton,  Lanarkshire. 

MAUCHRY,  rivulet  and  bay  near  middle 
of  west  coast  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

MAUD,  village,  13  miles  west  of  Peter- 
head, Aberdeenshire.  It  stands  near 
junction  of  railways  from  Peterhead  and 
Fraserburgh,  midway  between  Old  Deer 
and  New  Deer  churches,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen.    Pop.  240. 

MAUD,  hill  inRathven  parish,Banff  shire. 

MAUDISTON.    See  Maddiston. 

MAULD,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Kiltarlity  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

MAULDSLIE,  barony,  with  splendid 
seat  and  commanding  hill,  in  Carluke 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MAUL-ELLAN,  two  islets  in  Loch 
Assynt,  Sutherland. 

MAULSIDE,  seat  near  Dairy,  Ayrshire. 

MAUM-SOUL.    See  Maamsoul. 

MAUNDERLEA,  hill  in  Alvah  parish, 
Banffshire. 

MAVISBANK,  seat  in  Lasswade  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

MAVIS-GROVE,  seat  near  the  Nith,  in 
Troqueer  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MAVISTOWN,  sand-hills,  named  from 
extinct  fishing-village,  in  Auldearn  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

MAWCARSE,  railway  station,  3|  miles 
north-north-east  of  Kinross. 

MAXTON,  village  and  parish  on  north 
border  of  Roxburghshire.  The  village 
stands  near  the  Tweed,  6J  miles  south- 
east of  Melrose,  was  anciently  a  consider- 
able town,  is  now  a  very  small  place,  and 
has  a  railway  station,  the  shaft  of  an 
ancient  cross,  a  small  parochial  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  73  scholars. 
— The  parish  contains  also  Rutherford 
village,  and  its  post  town  is  St.  Bos- 
wells.  Its  length  is  3J  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  2\  miles ;  its  area  4422  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £8591.  Pop.  456. 
The  Tweed  curves  between  beautiful 
banks  along  all  the  northern  boundary. 
The  land  is  chiefly  a  very  gentle  ascent 
from  the  river,  but  includes  part  of 
Lilliard's  Edge.  Chief  objects  of  interest 
are  Littledean  Tower  and  a  triple- 
ramparted  circular  camp. 

MAXWELL,  ancient  parish  on  the  Tweed 
and  the  Teviot,  now  part  of  Kelso, 
Roxburghshire. 

MAXWELL,  quoad  sacra  parish,  on 
mutual  border  of  Lanarkshire  and  Ren- 
frewshire, in  south-western  vicinity  of 
Glasgow.    Pop.  13,133. 

MAXWELLHEUGH,  village,  with  Kelso 
railway  station,  on  right  bank  of  the  Tweed, 
opposite  eastern  part  of  Kelso  town,  Rox- 
burghshire. 


MAX 


323 


MEA 


MAXWELLTON,  western  suburb  of  Pais- 
ley, Renfrewshire. 

MAXWELLTON,  village  near  East  Kil- 
bride town,  Lanarkshire. 

MAXWELLTON,  seat,  3  miles  east-north- 
east of  Minniehive,  Dumfriesshire. 

MAXWELLTOWN,  town  on  eastern  verge 
of  Kirkcudbrightshire,  divided  only  by  the 
Nith  from  Dumfries,  and  included  in 
Dumfries  parliamentary  burgh.  It  stands 
chiefly  on  low  ground,  but  partly  on  Corbelly 
Hill,  and  commands  there  a  charming  ex- 
tensive panoramic  view;  it  figures  in  history 
as  Bridgend,  but  got  its  present  name  in 
1810  in  honour  of  Mr.  Maxwell  of  Niths- 
dale  ;  it  presents  an  appearance  variously 
old  and  new,  dingy  and  fine  ;  it  contains 
Dumfries  mills,  and  carries  on  woollen  and 
other  manufactures  ;  and  it  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under  Dum- 
fries, a  railway  station,  2  Established 
churches,  a  Free  church,  a  conspicuous 
Roman  Catholic  nunnery  and  church  pro- 
jected in  1880,  an  interesting  observatory 
and  museum,  and  2  public  schools  with 
about  463  scholars.  Pop.  4568. — Maxwell- 
town  quoad  sacra  parish  includes  only  part 
of  the  town.    Pop.  2070. 

MAY,  island  in  mouth  of  Firth  of  Forth, 
6  miles  south-south-east  of  Crail,  in  Fife. 
It  measures  about  1  mile  by  f ,  has  a  flat- 
tish  surface,  contains  ruins  of  an  ancient 
priory,  and  is  crowned  by  two  lighthouses 
with  fixed  lights  visible  at  the  distance  of 
16  and  22  nautical  miles.    Pop.  10. 

MAY,  rivulet,  running  about  12  miles 
northward  to  the  Earn  in  vicinity  of  For- 
teviot,  Perthshire.  It  traverses  picturesque 
scenery,  and  makes  several  fine  falls. 

MAYBOLE,  town  and  parish  iri  north- 
west of  Carrick,  Ayrshire.  The  town 
stands  on  eastern  slope  and  skirts  of  broad- 
based  hill,  3|  miles  from  Firth  of  Clyde, 
and  9  south -by- west  of  Ayr  ;  presents  an 
appearance  partly  dense  and  antiquated, 
and  partly  incompact  and  modern  ;  con- 
tained upwards  of  twenty  ancient  mansions 
of  landed  gentry ;  retains  the  largest  of 
these  in  good  preservation,  and  a  number 
of  others  in  decayed  condition  ;  contains  a 
ruined  collegiate  church  of  14th  century, 
with  burying-place  of  the  Ailsa  family  ; 
and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments, a  railway  station,  2  banking  offices, 
a  hotel,  2  Established  churches,  a  Free 
church,  a  United  Presbyterian  church  of 
1S80,  Episcopalian  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  and  3  public  schools  with  about 
565  scholars.  Pop.  4474.  —  The  parish 
contains  also  Culroy,  Dunure,  and  Fisher- 
ton  villages  ;  measures  9  miles  by  5  ;  and 
comprises  21,993  acres.  Real  property  in 
1879-80,  £39,494.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
662S;  quoad  sacra,  2935.  The  land  is 
bounded  on  the  north-east  by  the  lowmost 
reach  of  river  Doon,  in  the  curvatures  and 
ornature  most  familiar  to  the  poet  Burns  ; 
it  includes  about  8ij  miles  of  coast  of  Firth 
of  Clyde,  with  outline  like  segment  of  a 
circle,  and  with  strata  of  same  kind  as 


those  on  confronting  coast  of  Arran  ;  and 
it  contains  the  long  high  hill  of  Brown 
Carrick,  and  is  elsewhere  a  very  diversi- 
fied assemblage  of  small  plains,  many  un- 
dulations, and  numerous  heights.  Newark 
and  Kilkenzie  are  renovated  old  castles ; 
Greenan  is  a  weird-like  ruined  old  fortalice 
near  Heads  of  Ayr ;  and  Auchindrane, 
Smithstown,  Craigskean,  Doonside,  Dal- 
duff,  Garryhorne,  Brochlock,  Beoch,  Glen- 
ayas,  and  Sauchrie  were  old  castles  now 
either  extinct  or  represented  only  by 
vestiges  or  remains.  Tumuli  and  small 
camps  are  numerous.  An  Established 
church  is  at  Fisherton.  Four  schools  for 
968  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  3  of 
them  for  840  are  new. 

MAYBOLE  (WEST),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  church  in  Maybole  town,  Ayrshire. 
Pop.  2650. 

MAYEN,  seat  on  the  Deveron,  in  Rothie- 
may  parish,  Banffshire. 

MAYFIELD,  south-eastern  suburb  of 
Edinburgh.  It  stands  south  of  Newington, 
is  chiefly  new,  and  has  Established  and 
Free  churches  of  very  recent  erection. 

MAYFIELD,  place,  with  large  public 
school,  in  Carluke  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MAYVILLE,  seat  near  Stevenston,  Ayr- 
shire. 

MEADOWBANK,  small  north-eastern 
suburb  of  Edinburgh.    Pop.  196. 

MEADOWBANK,  seat  in  Kirknewton 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

MEADOWMILL,  village  in  Tranent  par- 
ish, Haddingtonshire. 

MEADOWS,  public  park  in  south  side 
of  Old  Town,  Edinburgh. 

MEAG,  rivulet,  running  8  miles  east- 
north-eastward  to  the  Conan  at  Scatwell, 
Ross-shire. 

MEALASBHAL,  mountain,  1750  feet  high, 
near  south-western  extremity  of  Lewis- 
proper,  Outer  Hebrides. 

MEALBUIDHE,  lofty  mountain  in  For- 
tingal  parish,  Perthshire. 

MEAL CEANDE ARG ,  alpine  summit  in 
Glenshiel  parish,  Ross-shire. 

MEALFOURVOUNIE,broad-based,round- 
backed,  dome-topped  mountain,  3060  feet 
high,  on  north-west  side  of  Loch  Ness,  29 
miles  south-west  of  Inverness.  It  com- 
mands a  very  grand  extensive  view,  and 
is  a  landmark  for  navigation  over  most  of 
Moray  Firth. 

MEALGIRDY,  mountain,  3407  feet  high, 
on  south  flank  of  Glenlyon,  Perthshire. 

MEALHORN,  mountain  in  north  of  Dur- 
ness parish,  Sutherland. 

MEALHORN,  mountain  in  Edderachyllis 
parish,  Sutherland. 

MEALISTA,  island  in  Uig  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

MEALLANEUION,  summit  of  Benclybric, 
Sutherland. 

MEALMEADHONOCH,  mountain  in  north 
of  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

ME AL-N AN-TIGHE ARN AN ,  mountain  on 
east  flank  of  Loch  Awe,  Argyleshire. 

MEALNAZOW,    mountain,    2638  feet 


MEA 


324 


ME  I 


high,  on  south  flank  of  Glenlyon,  Perth- 
shire. 

MEALPHUIL,  mountain,  2882  feet  high, 
on  north  flank  of  Glenlyon,  Perthshire. 

MEARNS,  county  between  Aberdeen- 
shire and  Forfarshire.  See  Kincardine- 
shire. 

MEARNS,  parish,  containing  Newton- 
Mearns  village  and  part  of  Busby  town, 
in  south-east  of  Renfrewshire.  Its  length 
is  7-§  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3g  miles  ; 
its  area  10,281  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £24,946.  Pop.  3965.  The  sur- 
face rises  gradually  from  north-east  to 
south-west,  is  mostly  diversified  with 
rising-grounds  and  small  green  hills,  and 
includes,  in  the  north-west,  a  considerable 
extent  of  moor.  Chief  seats  are  Upper 
Pollock,  Capelrig,  Southfield,  and  Green- 
bank  ;  and  the  chief  antiquity  is  Mearns 
Castle,  a  well-preserved  ancient  tower, 
once  the  principal  seat  of  the  Earls  of 
Nithsdale.  The  churches,  including  those 
in  Busby,  are  Established,  Free,  and  2 
"United  Presbyterian.  There  were  formerly 
6  schools  for  467  scholars,  and  there  are 
now,  in  lieu  of  these,  2  new  ones  for  815. 

MEARNS,  hill,  crowned  with  artificial 
cave,  in  Kirriemuir  parish,  Forfarshire. 

MEATHIE,  ancient  parish,  now  united 
to  Inverarity,  Forfarshire. 

MEDAN'S  (ST.),  cave  in  Kirkmaiden 
parish,  "Wigt  on  shire. 

MEDWIN,  rivulet  formed  by  the  North 
Medwin,  running  8  miles  south-south- 
westward,  and  the  South  Medwin,  running 
10  miles  south-westward,  and  going  1J 
mile  from  their  confluence  to  the  Clyde 
near  Carstairs  Junction,  in  Lanarkshire. 

MEETHILL,  conical  eminence,  crowned 
by  a  tower  170  feet  high  in  honour  of 
Earl  Grey  and  the  Reform  Bill,  1^  mile 
south-west  of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire. 

MEGGERNIE,  seat  and  public  school  in 
Glenlyon,  Perthshire. 

MEGGET,  parish  on  south  border  of 
Peeblesshire.  It  measures  7  miles  in 
length,  and  6|  in  greatest  breadth ;  it 
touches,  for  about  a  mile,  the  west  side 
of  St.  Mary's  Loch ;  it  sends  down 
Megget  rivulet,  through  its  middle,  to 
that  lake,  and  is  thence  sometimes  called 
Meggetdale ;  it  consists  of  some  of  the 
loftiest  mountains  of  Southern  Highlands, 
with  narrow  intersecting  glens ;  it  con- 
tains vestiges  of  two  ancient  royal  hunting- 
seats  and  the  ruined  tower  of  Henderland 
Castle  ;  it  is  united  to  Lyne,  situated  many 
miles  to  the  north ;  and  it  has  a  small 
chapel  and  small  public  school. 

MEGGET,  affluent  of  the  Esk,  in  Wester- 
kirk  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

MEGGINCH,  seat  in  Errol  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

MEIG.    See  Meag. 

MEIGLE,  village  and  parish  on  eastern 
verge  of  Perthshire.  The  village  stands 
on  burn  of  its  own  name,  214;  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Perth ;  contains  ancient 
curiously-sculptured  stones,  alleged  to  be 


monumental  of  Guinevar,  wife  of  King 
Arthur ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
a  railway  station,  2  banking  offices,  a  good 
inn,  Established,  Free,  and  Episcopalian 
churches,  and  2  public  schools  with  about 
266  scholars. — The  parish  measures  5 J 
miles  by  2i,  and  comprises  3980  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £9717.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  696 ;  quoad  sacra,  966. 
The  surface  is  part  of  Strathmore, 
all  low,  and  diversified  by  slight  rising- 
grounds.  The  seats  are  Belmont  Castle, 
Meigle  House,  Potento,  Drumkilbo,  and 
Kinloch ;  and  the  chief  antiquities,  be- 
sides the  ancient  sculptured  stones,  are 
a  tumulus  and  a  large  whinstone  block 
traditionally  associated  with  the  name  of 
Macbeth.  There  are  3  schools  for  310 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  200  is  new. 

MEIGLE,  hill^  1480  feet  high,  with 
splendid  view,  in  western  vicinity  of 
Galashiels,  Selkirkshire. 

MEIKLE,  rivulet,  running  west-north- 
westward to  Loch  Greinord,  on  west  coast 
of  Ross-shire. 

MEIKLE,  lake  about  a  mile  long,  near 
centre  of  Glenurquhart,  Inverness-shire. 
Lochletter,  Lakefield,  and  Sheuglie  seats 
are  on  its  banks. 

MEIKLEBEN,  conspicuous  summit  of 
Lennox  Hills,  1870  feet  high,  4  miles 
north-west  of  Kilsyth,  Stirlingshire. 

MEIKLE  CESE,  summit  of  the  Lammer- 
moors,  1531  feet  high,  9^  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Haddington. 

MEIKLE  DAAN,  old  mansion  in  Edder- 
toun  parish,  Ross-shire. 

MEIKLE  EARNOCK,  place,  with  station 
on  Strathaven  Railway,  between  High 
Blantyre  and  Quarter  Road,  Lanarkshire. 

MEIKLE  FARNESS,  quondam  village  in 
Cromarty  parish,  Cromartyshire. 

MEIKLE  FERRY.    See  Ferry. 

MEIKLEFOLLA,  hamlet  on  southern 
border  of  Fyvie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 
It  has  an  Episcopalian  chapel,  and  male 
and  female  public  schools. 

MEIKLEHOLM,  burn,  running  south- 
westward  to  the  Annan  at  3  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Moffat,  Dumfries  shire. 

MEIKLEOUR,  village,  5  miles  west  of 
Coupar-Angus,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Perth.  Meikleour  mansion  is 
in  the  vicinity. 

MEIKLE  ROE,  island,  about  8^-  miles 
in  diameter,  in  St.  Magnus  Bay,  Shet- 
land.   Pop.  230. 

MEIKLE  TORBOLL,  mountain  over- 
hanging Strathfleet,  in  Sutherland. 

MEIKLE  WARD,  vestige  of  ancient  castle 
in  Insch  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

MEIKLEWARTHILL,  village  in  Rayne 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

MEIKLEWOOD,  seat  in  Gargunnock 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

MEIKLEWOOD,  hill,  with  small  lake 
near  its  summit,  in  Tongland  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MEIKLEWOOD,  moor,  with  memories 


ME  I 


325 


MEL 


of  the  Covenanters,  partly  within  Dunscore 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

MEIN,  rivulet,  running  9  miles  south- 
ward and  south-westward  to  the  Annan 
at  1^  mile  south-south-west  of  Ecclefechan, 
Dumfriesshire. 

MEIN,  hill  between  Gareloch  and  Glen- 
fruin,  Dumbartonshire. 

MELDON,  burn,  running  southward  to  the 
Lyne  at  3  miles  west-by-south  of  Peebles. 

MELDRUM,  parish,  containing  Old  Mel- 
drum  town,  in  Garioch  district,  Aber- 
deenshire. Its  length  is  about  6  miles : 
its  greatest  breadth  about  4  miles ;  its 
area  8102  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£12,242.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2254; 
quoad  sacra,  2136.  The  surface  is- 
chiefly  a  hill-ridge,  and  includes  about 
5800  acres  of  arable  land.  The  chief 
residence  is  Meldrum  House,  and  the 
chief  antiquity  is  the  site  of  a  Roman 
camp.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and  Episco- 
palian. There  are  3  schools  for  537 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  410  are  new. 

MELDRUM  (OLD),  town  at  terminus 
of  branch  railway,  18  miles  by  road,  but 
22  by  railway,  north-north-west  of  Aber- 
deen. It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Aberdeenshire,  a  railway  station, 
2  banking  offices,'  a  town  hall,  a  public 
hall,  a  mechanics'  institution,  and  Mel- 
drum churches  and  schools.    Pop.  1494. 

MELFORT,  sea-loch  >  on  .  southern 
boundary  of  Lorn  district,  Argyleshire. 
It  measures  4  miles  by  1J,  is  sprinkled 
with  islets,  and  terminates  in  vicinity  of 
Melfort  House  and  Kilmelfort  village. 

MELGUM,  rivulet,  running  west-south- 
westward  to  the  Isla  at  Airlie  Castle,  on 
west  boundary  of  Forfarshire. 

MELGUND,  ruined  castle  in  Aberlemno 
parish,  Forfarshire.  It  gives  the  title  of 
viscount  to  the  Earl  of  Minto. 

MELLENDEAN,  burn,  running  to  the 
Tweed  at  2  miles  north-east  of  Kelso, 
Roxburghshire. 

MELLERSTAIN,  village  and  seat,  8  miles 
north-west-by-west  of  Kelso,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

MELLONCHARLES,  village  in  Gairloch 
parish,  Ross-shire.    Pop.  309. 

MELNESS,  strath  in  north-west  of 
Tongue  parish,  Sutherland.  It  has  a  Free 
church. 

MELROSE,  town  and  parish  in  extreme 
north-west  of  Roxburghshire.  The  town 
stands  at  north  base  of  Eildon  Hills,  3 
furlongs  south  of  the  Tweed  and  37£  miles 
south -east -by -south  of  Edinburgh  ;  is 
noted  for  a  famous  ruined  abbey  of  12th 
century  ;  was  originally  a  hamlet  called 
Fordel,  and  got  its  present  name  at  the 
founding  of  its  abbey  ;  underwent  great 
and  frequent  vicissitudes  of  fortune  in 
connection  with  the  abbey  ;  passed  into 
decay  and  poverty  soon  after  the  Refor- 
mation ;  acquired  renovation  and  exten- 
sion in  recent    times,    as   a  home  of 


annuitants  and  a  centre  for  tourists ; 
consists  now  of  a  small  old  portion,  some 
well-built  new  streets,  and  extensive, 
scattered,  handsome  new  outskirts ;  is 
near  Waverley  Hydropathic  Establishment, 
erected  in  1871,  and  enlarged  in  1876,  and 
not  far  from  the  Border  Counties'  Lunatic 
Asylum,  built  in  1872  at  a  cost  of  about 
£45,000 ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  a  fine  railway  station, 
2  banking  offices,  3  hotels,  a  very  ancient 
interesting  cross,  a  corn  exchange  and 
town  hall,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  Evangelical  Union,  and 
Episcopalian  churches,  a  large  public 
school  of  1876,  and  an  infant  public 
school.  Pop.  1550.  The  abbey  was 
founded  in  1136,  destroyed  by  the  English 
in  1322,  and  re-founded  in  1326  ;  comprised 
a  cruciform  cfmrch  of  250  feet  by  137,  a 
square  cloister  of  150  feet  each  side,  and 
enclosed  precincts  about  a  mile  in  circuit ; 
sustained  great  injuries  at  and  after  the 
times  of  the  Reformation  ;  consists  now  of 
chiefly  the  greater  part  of  its  church's 
walls  and  a  small  part  of  its  cloister ; 
exhibits  graceful,  elaborate,  unique 
features  of  pointed  architecture  ;  and 
is  graphically  described  in  Grose's 
Antiquities  and  in  Sir  "Walter  Scott's 
Lay  of  the  Last  Mivstrel. — The  parish 
contains  also  Darnick,  Gattonside, 
Newstead,  Eildon,  and  Blainslie  villages, 
most  of  Newton  St.  Boswells,  and  part 
of  Galashiels.  Its  length  is  10f  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  6i?  miles  ;  its  area  25,794 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £49,422. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  11,131;  quoad  sacra, 
4555.  The  Eildon  Hills  are  partly 
within  the  southern  border ;  a  rich  vale, 
6  miles  long,  averagely  about  a  mile  or 
more  wide  in  the  central  parts,  and 
traversed  throughout  by  the  Tweed,  forms 
the  section  immediately  north  of  these 
hills  ;  and  groups  or  ranges  of  gentle 
upland,  skirted  by  Gala  and  Leader  rivers 
at  the  sides,  and  traversed  by  Allen 
rivulet  through  the  middle,  form  all  the 
surface  thence  to  the  northern  boundary. 
The  seats  are  Abbotsford,  Eildon  Hall, 
Allerly,  Pavilion,  Prior-Bank,  Priory, 
Drygrange,  Gattonside,  Huntly-burn, 
Ravenswood,  Ladhope,  Langhaugh, 
Bowood,  Threepwood,  Langlee,  Whitelee, 
Wooplaw,  Sunnyside,  and  numerous 
villas  ;  and  the  antiquities  include  objects 
on  Eildon  Hills,  three  ruined  Border  peels 
on  Allen  rivulet,  site  of  Roman  town  near 
Newstead,  and  site  of  famous  Culdee 
establishment  at  Old  Melrose.  A  United 
Presbyterian  church  is  at  Newton  St. 
Boswells,  and  various  churches  are  in 
Galashiels.  Twelve  schools  for  1254 
scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  3  of  them 
and  class-rooms  for  731  are  new. 

MELROSE,  seat,  burn,  and  headland  in 
Gamrie  parish,  Banffshire. 

MELROSE  (OLD),  peninsula  on  the 
Tweed,  2^  miles  east  of  Melrose,  Rox- 
burghshire.   It  measures  5  by  3  furlongs  : 


MEL 


32G 


MET 


was  occupied  by  a  famous  Culdee  estab- 
lishment similar  to  that  of  Iona  ;  suffered 
devastation  during  warfare  in  839 ;  had 
afterwards  and  long  a  chapel  to  which 
crowded  pilgrimages  were  made  ;  and  is 
now  occupied  by  a  modern  mansion. 

MELSETTER,  seat  at  head  of  Longhope, 
in  Walls  parish,  Orkney. 

MELSHACH,  hill,  with  medicinal  spring, 
in  Kennethmont  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

MELUNDY,  wooded  hill  in  Dallas  parish, 
Elginshire. 

MELVICH,  village  at  head  of  small  bay 
in  north-east  corner  of  Sutherland,  14 
miles  west-south-west  of  Thurso.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Thurso,  and  a  good  inn. 

MELVILLE,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Lasswade,  Edinburghshire.  Melville 
Castle  here,  5  furlongs  north-east  of 
Lasswade  town,  is  the  splendid  seat  of 
Yiscount  Melville. 

MELVILLE,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
church  in  Montrose,  Forfarshire.  Pop. 
3058. 

MELVILLE,  seat  in  Monimail  parish, 
Fife. 

MEMSEY,  seat  in  Eathen  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

MEMUS,  place  with  Free  church  near 
Kirriemuir,  Forfarshire. 

MENMUIR,  parish,  averagely  4J  miles 
north  -  west  of  Brechin,  Forfarshire.  It 
contains  Tigerton  hamlet,  and  has  a  post 
office  of  its  own  name  under  Brechin.  Its 
length  is  6j  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  4 
miles ;  its  area  10,218  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £8488.  Pop.  755.  The 
southern  section  is  part  of  Strathmore, 
and  the  northern  one  is  the  frontier 
portion  of  Benchinnan  Mountains.  The 
only  seat  is  Balnamoon,  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  extensive  remains  of  large 
strong  Caledonian  fortifications  on  Cater- 
thun  Hills.  The  churches  are  Established 
and. Free.  The  public  school  has  capacity 
for  125  scholars. 

MENNOWAY,  lofty  hill  on  mutual 
border  of  Alford  and  Keig  parishes, 
Aberdeenshire. 

MENOCK.    See  Minnick. 

MENSTRIE,  village  adjacent  to  base  of 
Ochil  Hills,  5  miles  north-east  of  Stirling. 
It  carries  on  woollen  manufacture,  and 
has  a  post  office  designated  of  Clack- 
mannanshire, a  railway  station,  a  chapel- 
of-ease  erected  in  1880,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  230  scholars.  Pop.  918.  Men- 
strie  House,  in  its  vicinity,  was  a  seat  of 
the  Earls  of  Stirling. 

MENTEITH.    See  Monteith. 

MENZIEHILL,  place,  with  medicinal 
spring,  in  Eaglesham  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

MENZION,  burn,  running  to  the  Tweed 
in  Tweedsmuir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

MERCHANTS,  rocks,  crowned  with 
lighthouse,  at  Mull  of  Kintyre,  Argyle- 
shire. 

MERCHISTON,  suburb,  with  modernized 
old  castellated  mansion,  in  south-west  of 
Edinburgh. 


MERKINCH,  northern  suburb  of  Inver- 
ness. It  has  a  public  school  with  upwards 
of  400  scholars. 

MERKLAND,  monumental  cross  of  15th 
century  in  Kirkpatrick  -  Fleming  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

MERKLAND,  chalybeate  spring  in  Loch- 
rutton  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MERKLAND,  headland  on  north  side  of 
Brodick  Bay,  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

MERKLAND,  lake,  3  miles  long,  _  on 
south-east  border  of  Edderachyllis  parish, 
Sutherland. 

MERRICK,  mountain,  2764  feet  high,  on 
north  border  of  Minnigaff  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

MERRYSTONE,  suburb  or  section  of 
Coatbridge,  Lanarkshire. 

MERRYSTONE,  village  in  Crosshill  dis- 
trict of  Old  Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire. 
Pop.  534. 

MERSE,  either  the  largest  and  most 
southerly  of  the  three  districts  of  Berwick- 
shire, or  the  entire  territory  between  the 
Lammermoors  and  the  Cheviots.  It  is 
prevailingly  champaign,  but  has  many 
gentle  undulations  and  several  isolated 
heights,  and  it  all  exhibits  much  luxuriance 
and  ornature. 

MERTON,  parish,  containing  Clintmains 
post  office  hamlet,  and  three  other  hamlets, 
in  south-west  extremity  of  Berwickshire. 
Its  length  is  about  5  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  4J  miles ;  its  area  6374  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,721.  Pop. 
682.  The  Tweed  traces  all  the  western 
and  southern  boundary,  and  makes  there 
three  large  serpentine  curves.  The  land 
rises  eastward  and  northward  from  the 
river  in  much  variety  of  gradient  and 
contour,  and  exhibits  profusion  of  fine 
scenery  and  rich  embellishment.  Merton 
House  is  a  seat  of  Lord  Polwarth  ;  and 
other  seats  are  Dryburgh  Abbey,  Dryburgh 
House,  Bemersyde,  and  Gladswood.  Chief 
antiquities  are  the  ruins  of  Dryburgh 
Abbey,  containing  the  grave  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott ;  and  other  interesting  objects  are  a 
colossal  statue  of  Sir  William  Wallace,  and 
a  small  circular  Ionic  temple,  crowned  by 
bust  of  the  poet  Thomson.  The  paro- 
chial church  contains  380  sittings,  and 
the  public  school  has  capacity  for  120 
scholars. 

MERTON,  seat,  2  miles  south-west  of 
Newton-Stewart,  Wigtonshire. 

MESHIE,  burn,  running  northward  to 
the  Spey  in  Laggan  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

MESSAN,  stream,  running  to  Loch  Ryan 
in  Inch  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

METHIL,  seaport  village  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  on  south  coast  of  Fife.  The 
village  stands  about  a  mile  south-south- 
west of  Leven,  and  has  a  church  with  800 
sittings.  Pop.  of  the  village,  819 ;  of  the 
quoad  sacra  parish,  2331. 

METHILHILL,  village  near  Methil,  Fife. 
Pop.  483. 

METHLICK,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
east centre  of  Aberdeenshire.    The  village 


MET 


327 


MID 


stands  7  miles  north-north-east  of  Old 
Meldrum,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  2  public  schools  with  about  289 
scholars. — The  parish  measures  about  8 
miles  by  7,  and  comprises  14,842  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,306.  Pop. 
2162.  The  surface  is  bisected  by  the 
Ythan  ;  includes  the  mansion  and  policies 
of  Haddo  House,  the  chief  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Aberdeen ;  and  rises  into  hills, 
mostly  barren  or  heathy,  in  the  north. 
There  are  5  schools  for  439  scholars,  and 
1  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for  162  are 
new. 

METHVEN,  village  and  parish  in  Glen- 
almond  district,  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  at  terminus  of  branch  railway,  6 
miles  by  road,  but  "\  by  railway,  west-by- 
north  of  Perth ;  was  the  seat  of  a  barony 
belonging  to  the  queen-dowager  of  James 
rv.,  and  gave  the  peerage  title  of  baron  to 
her  tbird  husband  ;  presents  an  appearance 
variously  neat  and  quaint ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  department,  under 
Perth,  a  railway  station,  Established,  Free, 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  the 
aisle  of  a  collegiate  church  of  1433,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  104  scholars. 
Pop.  714. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  of  Almondbank  and  Scrogiehill, 
measures  about  1  5  miles  by  3^,  and 
comprises  12,911  acres.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £14,039.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
1910;  quoad  sacra,  2103.  The  land  is 
mainly  bounded  in  the  north  by  Almond 
river,  presents  a  pleasant  diversity  of  rising- 
grounds  and  hollows,  .and  exhibits  much 
embellishment.  The  barony  passed  to  the 
Dukes  of  Lennox,  and  was  purchased  from 
them  by  the  ancestor  of  the  present  pro- 
prietor, William  Smythe,  Esq.  Methven 
Castle,  Mr.  Smythe 's  seat,  is  partly  an 
edifice  of  1680,  but  chiefly  a  series  of  ex- 
tensive additions.  Another  chief  residence 
is  Lynedoch.  A  public  school  is  at  Almond- 
bank. 

METHVEN  JUNCTION,  railway  station 
about  a  mile  south  of  Methven  village, 
Perthshire. 

MEY,  headland,  rocky  islets,  lake,  and 
hamlet  in  Canisbay  parish,  Caithness.  The 
headland  is  6^  miles  west-by-north  of 
Duncansby  Head,  and  was  anciently 
crowned  by  a  chapel. — The  islets  lie  a  little 
north  of  the  headland,  are  half-submerged, 
often  throw  the  tidal  current  into  tur- 
bulence when  all  around  is  calm,  and  are 
sometimes  called  Merry  Men  of  Mey.  —The 
lake  lies  2>\  miles  west-south-west  of  the 
headland,  and  measures  about  1^  mile  in 
circuit. — The  hamlet  lies  f  mile  south- 
south-east  of  the  lake,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Wick. 

MEYRICK.    See  Merrick. 

MHORGAY,  island  in  North  Uist  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

MIAGHAILT,  lake,  discharging  effluence 
subterraneously  to  the  sea,  in  Kilmuir 
parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 


MIAVAIG,  place  in  Uig  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Stornoway. 

MICHELSTON,  seat,  superseded  by 
Torquhan,  in  Stow  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

MICKERY.    See  Inchmickery. 

MICRAS,  old  clachan  in  Glenmuick 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

MIDBAY,  estate  in  Westray  parish, 
Orkney. 

MIDBRAKE,  seat  in  Yell  Island,  Shetland. 

MID-CALDER.    See  Calder  (Mid). 

MID-CLYTH,  village  on  the  coast,  9  miles 
south-south-east  of  Wick,  Caithness.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Wick.    Pop.  303. 

MIDDLE,  parish,  with  Established  and 
Free  churches,  in  Perth.    Pop.  4902. 

MIDDLE,  parish,  with  Established  and 
Free  churches,  in  Greenock.    Pop.  6180. 

MIDDLE,  parish,  with  Established  and 
Free  churches,  in  Paisley.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  13,117  ;  quoad  sacra,  5293. 

MIDDLE,  one  of  the  Ochil  Hills  in  Alva 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

MIDDLEBIE,  parish,  containing  Eagles- 
field,  Kirtlebridge,  and  Waterbeck  post 
office  villages,  in  south-east  of  Dumfries- 
shire. Its  length  is  9  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  \\  miles  ;  its  area  17,545  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £14,742.  Pop. 
1927.  The  surface,  in  the  south  and 
south-west,  is  low  and  undulating;  in 
the  centre,  includes  considerable  rising- 
grounds  ;  in  the  north  and  north-east,  is 
chiefly  mountainous  and  wild.  Principal 
antiquities  are  the  Roman  camp  of 
Birrens,  and  the  ruined  tower  of  Black et 
House.  The  churches  are  Established  and 
United  Presbyterian ;  and  there  are  3 
public  schools  with  about  180  scholars. 

MIDDLEFIELD,seat  in  Cupar  parish,Fife. 

MIDDLEFOODIE,  burn  and  village  in 
Dairsie  parish,  Fife. 

MIDDLEGILL,  burn,  running  to  the 
Annan  at  4^  miles  south-by-east  of  Moffat, 
Dumfriesshire. 

MIDDLEHAUGH,  seat  between  Pit- 
lochrie  and  Moulin  earn,  Perthshire. 

MIDDLE  LETHENDY,  place,  with 
remains  of  ancient  Caledonian  fort,  in 
Monzie  parish,  Perthshire. 

MIDDLERIG,  coal-field  in  Polmont 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

MIDDLE  ROSS,  headland  on  west  side 
of  Loch  Lomond,  in  Luss  parish,  Dumbar- 
tonshire. 

MIDDLETON,  village  and  seat  in  Borth- 
wick  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

MIDDLETON,  village  in  Orwell  parish, 
Kinross-shire. 

MIDDLETON,  seat  in  Kirkden  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

MIDDLETON,  seat  in  Uphall  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

MIDDLETON,  coal-field  in  Muckart 
parish,  Perthshire. 

MIDDLETON,  estate,  giving  the  title 
of  earl  to  its  proprietor  in  the  time  of 
Charles  n. ,  but  now  called  Fettercairn,  in 
Fettercairn  parish,  Kincardineshire. 


MID 


328 


MIL 


MIDDLETON  (NORTH),  village  in  Borth- 
wick  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

MIDGEHOLE,  fine  cascade  on  Levern 
rivulet  in  Neilston  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

MIDHOLM.    See  MlDLEM. 

MIDHOPE,  burn  and  old  edifice  in 
Linlithgowshire.  The  burn  runs  7  miles 
east-north-eastward  to  Firth  of  Forth  at 
3 \  miles  west-by-north  of  Queen sferry. 
— The  edifice  stands  adjacent  to  the  burn 
near  its  mouth,  and  was  once  a  seat  of 
the  Earls  of  Linlithgow. 

MIDLAND,  hill,  with  slate  quarry,  in 
Orphir  parish,  Orkney. 

MIDLEM,  or  MIDHOLM,  village,  3|  miles 
east  of  Selkirk.  It  has  an  Original 
Secession  church  and  a  public  school. 

MIDLEYS,  place,  with  entire  very  large 
ancient  Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Croy 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

MIDLOCK,  affluent  of  the  Clyde  in 
Crawford  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MID-LOTHIAN.    See  Edinburghshire. 

MIDMAR,  parish  averagely  14  miles 
west  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Aberdeen.  Its  length  is  nearly 
7  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  5J  miles ; 
its  area  10,868  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £7024.  Pop.  1041.  The  surface 
lies  between  the  Dee  and  the  Don, 
includes  part  of  Fare  Hill,  and  is  very 
uneven.  Midmar  Castle  is  an  old  disused 
mansion.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian.  The 
public  school  has  about  96  scholars. 

MIDTOWN,  place,  with  bleachfield  and 
quondam  limeworks,  in  Lochwinnoch 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

MID  YELL.    See  Yell. 

MIGDALE,  hamlet,  lake,  and  hill  in 
Criech  parish,  Sutherland.  The  hamlet 
has  a  post  office  under  Ardgay,  and  the 
hill  is  1082  feet  high. 

MIGLO,  head-stream  of  the  Eden,  in 
Fife.  It  traverses  and  gives  name  to 
Strathmiglo  parish. 

MIGVIE,  ancient  parish,  now  united  to 
Tarland,  in  xlberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  71  scholars. 

MILBUY.    See  Mullbut. 

MILDEWNE,  battlefield  of  1057  in 
Rhynie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

MILDOVAN,  estate  in  Cardross  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

MILDRIGGEN,  burn  in  Kirkinner  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

MILE-END,  eastern  suburb  of  Glasgow. 

MILEHILL,  eminence,  with  slate  quarry, 
in  Cortachy  parish,  Forfarshire. 

MILESMARK,  village  at  boundary  be- 
tween Dunfermline  and  Inverkeithing 
parishes,  Fife.    Pop.  with  Parknook,  439. 

MILGUY.    See  Milngavie. 

MILK,  rivulet,  running  about  15  miles 
south-south-westward  to  the  Annan  at 
2f  miles  west  of  Ecclefechan,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

MILL,  burn,  either  now  or  formerly 
driving  a  mill,  in  each  of  numerous  parishes 
in  Scotland. 


MILL,  bay  on  east  side  of  Stronsay 
Island,  Orkney. 

MILL,  lake  adjacent  to  Lochmaben, 
Dumfriesshire. 

MILLARSTON.    See  Millerston. 

MILLBANK,  place,  with  paper-mill,  in 
Ayton  parish,  Berwickshire. 

MILLBANK,  place,  with  quondam  large 
broadcloth  factory,  in  Longside  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

MILLBANK,  seat  in  Nairn  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

MILLBANK,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

MILLBANK,  estate  in  Erskine  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

MILLBAY,  village,  inbabited  by  slate 
quarriers,  in  Luing  Island,  Argyleshire. 

MILLBREX,  quoad  sacra  parish,  consist- 
ing of  parts  of  Monquhitter  and  Fyvie, 
chiefly  the  latter,  in  Aberdeenshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Fyvie,  a  church 
with  about  500  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  85  scholars.    Pop.  1406. 

MILLBRIDGE,  hamlet  in  Cathcart 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

MILLBURN,  place,  with  chemical  works, 
in  Bonhill  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

MILLBURN,  seat  in  Dalserf  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

MILLBURN,  farm,  with  ancient  Cale- 
donian stone  circle,  in  Castleton  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

MILLBURN  TOWER,  seat  in  Ratho 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

MILLCROFT,  part  of  Creebridge  village, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MILLDENS,  place  near  large  deposit  of 
serpentine  in  Belhelvie  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

MILLEARN,  seat  on  the  Earn  in  Trinity 
Gask  parish,  Perthshire. 

MILLEFIACH,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Kirkhill  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

MILLENWOOD,  mountain,  5|  miles 
north-west  of  Newcastleton,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

MILLERHILL,  village,  4f  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Dalkeith,  Edinburghshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Dalkeith  and 
a  railway  station.  Pop.  335.  But  that 
village  is  properly  Easter  Millerhill,  and 
another  called  Wester  Millerhill  is  near  it. 

MILLERINIDH,  mountain  in  Eddera- 
chyllis  parish,  Sutherland. 

MILLERS,  bay  immediately  south  of 
Loch  Killisport,  Argyleshire. 

MILLER'S  ACRE,  encampment  -  place 
of  Edward  Baliol's  army  in  1332,  near 
Forteviot,  Perthshire. 

MILLERSTON,  western  suburb  of  Pais- 
ley, Renfrewshire. 

MILLERSTON,  village  in  east-north- 
eastern outskirts  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Glasgow,  a  chapel-of-ease,  and 
a  Free  church.    Pop.  412. 

MILLERTON,  hill  in  Ayton  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

MILLEUR,  headland  at  mouth  of  Loch 
Ryan,  "Wigtonshire. 


MIL 


329 


MIN 


MILLFIELD,  village  in  Inverkeilor 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

MILLFIELD,  seat  in  Polmont  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

MILLGUY.    See  Milngavie. 

MILLHALL,  place,  with  cotton  factory, 
about  a  mile  south-east  of  Eaglesham, 
Renfrewshire. 

MILLHEAD,  estate  in  Kirkmahoe  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

MILLHEUGH,  suburb  of  LarkhaU, 
Lanarkshire. 

MILLHEUGH,  seat  in  Blantyre  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

MILLHOUSE,  seat  of  manufacture,  3 
miles  north  of  Dundee. 

MILLHOUSE,  place  near  Nethercleugh 
railway  station,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Lockerby. 

MILLHOUSE,  place  near  Tighnabruaich, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Greenock. 

MILLIKEN,  seat  of  Sir  Robert  J.  X. 
Napier,  Bart. ,  near  Milliken  Park  railway 
station,  Renfrewshire. 

MILLIKEN  PARK,  railway  station,  4| 
miles  west  of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

MILLISLE,  railway  station,  8|  miles 
south  of  Wigton,  Wigconshire. 

MILL  OF  CONVETH,  small  estate  in 
Laurencekirk  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

MILL  OF  HALDEN.  See  Haldane's 
Mill. 

MILLPORT,  town  on  south  end  of  Big 
Cumbray  Island,  Buteshire.  It  curves 
round  a  crescent-shaped  bay ;  adjoins  the 
Earl  of  Glasgow's  seat  of  Garrison ;  is 
a  much-esteemed  watering-place ;  con- 
sists chiefly  of  neat  two-storey  houses ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Ayrshire,  a  banking  office,  2  hotels,  a 
public  hall  of  1872,  a  town  hall  of  1879, 
a  stone  pier  of  1820,  a  spacious  iron  pier 
of  1872,  a  beautiful  Episcopalian  church 
and  college,  Established,  Free.  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Baptist  churches,  and  2 
public  schools.    Pop.  1838. 

MILLSEAT,  place,  with  Congregational 
chapel,  in  King-Edward  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

MILLS  OF  DRUM,  railway  station,  13J 
miles  west-south-west  of  Aberdeen. 

MILLTIMBER,  railway  station,  miles 
west-south- west  of  Aberdeen. 

MILLTOWN.    See  Milton. 

MILMAD,  hill,  with  ancient  earthen 
rampart,  in  Lumphanan  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

MILNATHORT,  town,  If  mile  north-by- 
east  of  Kinross.  It  carries  on  woollen 
manufactures,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Kinross-shire,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, a  banking  office,  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  120  scholars.    Pop.  1269. 

MILNCROFT,  place  on  northern  verge 
of  New  Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MILNE-GRADEN,  seat  on  the  Tweed,  4 


miles  north-north-east  of  Coldstream,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

MILNESS.    See  MELNESS. 

MILNGAVIE  (popularly  MILLGUY), 
manufacturing  town,  7  miles  by  road,  but 
9J  by  railway,  north-west  of  Glasgow.  It 
has  a  post  office,  -with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Glasgow,  a 
terminal  railway  station,  a  quoad  sacra 
parochial  church,  United  Presbyterian  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  2  public 
schools  with  about  400  scholars.  Pop.  of 
the  town,  2636  ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish, 
2927. 

MILNHOLM,  place,  with  ancient  sculp- 
tured cross,  in  Castleton  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

MILNHOUSE,  place,  with  bridge  on 
Annan  river,  in  Applegarth  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

MILNTOWN,  village  in  Kilmuir-Easter 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

MILNTOWN,  village  in  Glenurquhart, 
Inverness-shire. 

MILRIG,  seat  between  Riccarton  and 
Tarbolton,  Ayrshire. 

MILTON,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches,  in  north  of 
Glasgow.    Pop.  4170. 

MILTON,  village,  If  mile  south-east  of 
Markinch,  Fife.    Pop.  375. 

MILTON,  manufacturing  village  in  Old 
Kilpatrick  parish,  Dumbartonshire.  It 
has  a  public  school  with  about  129  scholars. 
Pop.  499. 

MILTON,  village,  2  miles  south  of  Len- 
noxtown,  Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Glasgow,  and  a  railway  sta- 
tion.   Pop.  555. 

MILTON,  suburb  of  Denny,  Stirling- 
shire. 

MILTON,  village  in  Glammis  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

MILTON,  village  in  Auchterarder  parish, 
Perthshire. 

MILTON,  village  in  Rothiemay  parish, 
Banffshire. 

MILTON,  village,  with  public  school,  in 
Urr  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MILTON,  village,  with  inn  and  distillery, 
in  Jura  Island,  Argyleshire. 

MILTON,  hamlet  in  east  end  of  Kilmar- 
nock parish,  Ayrshire. 

MLLTON,  fishing-village  in  St.  Cyrus 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

MILTON,  burn  in  Applegarth  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

MILTON-BRIDGE,  place  on  the  Clyde, 
in  line  between  Larkhall  and  Carluke, 
Lanarkshire. 

MILTON-BRODIE,  seat  between  Elgin 
and  Forres,  Elginshire. 

MILTON-DUFF,  estate  in  Elgin  parish, 
Elginshire. 

MILTON-FIELD,  place,  with  bleaching 
and  calico-printing  works,  in  Old  Kil- 
patrick parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

MILTON-LOCKHART,  seat,  2  miles  west- 
north-west  of  Carluke.  Lanarkshire. 

MINARD,  estate  on  Loch  Fyne,  12  miles 


MIN 


330 


MIU 


south-south-west  of  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 
It  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Argyleshire,  and  a  castellated  mansion. 

MINCH,  portion  of  sea,  from  20  to  30 
miles  wide,  separating  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides,  from  northern  part  of  Scottish 
mainland. 

MINCH  (LITTLE),  sound,  from  10  to  20 
miles  wide,  separating  middle  part  of 
Outer  Hebrides  from  Isle  of  Skye. 

MINCHMOOR,  broad-based  lumpish 
mountain,  1856  feet  high,  culminating  3 
miles  north  of  Yarrow  hamlet,  Selkirkshire. 

MINDERNAL,  lofty  hill  in  Durris  parish, 
K  in  car  din  e  shir  e. 

MINDORK,  quondam  baronial  fortalice 
in  Kirkcowan  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

MINEFIELD,  place,  with  lead  and  copper 
mine,  in  Glencreran,  Lorn,  Argyleshire. 

MINES,  village  in  Minnigaff  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MINGALAY,  island,  with  precipitous 
coasts  and  lofty  cliffs,  9  miles  south-west 
of  Barra,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  150. 

MINGARRY,  imposing  remains  of  strong 
ancient  castle,  which  figured  much  in  the 
wars  of  the  Lords  of  the  Isles,  on  Ardna- 
murchan  coast,  7  miles  north  of  Tobermory, 
Argyleshire. 

MINGINISH,  section  of  Bracadale  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

MINISHANT,  village  in  Maybole  parish, 
Ayrshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Maybole,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
57  scholars. 

MINN,  sea-inlet  off  head  of  St.  Magnus 
Bay,  Shetland. 

MINNICK,  rivulet,  running  6  miles  west- 
ward to  the  Nith  at  2  miles  south-east  of 
Sanquhar,  Dumfriesshire. 

MINNICK,  lake  in  Kells  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

MINNICK,  rivulet,  running  about  13 
miles  southward  to  the  Cree  at  13  miles 
north:north-west  of  Creetown,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

MINNIEHIVE,  or  MONIAIVE,  village,  7 
miles  north-north-west  of  Thornhill,  Dum- 
friesshire. It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Thornhill,  a  banking  office,  2  inns, 
an  ancient  cross,  a  monument  to  the 
martyr  Renwick,  Free  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  and  2  public  schools  with 
about  216  scholars.    Pop.  452. 

MINNIGAFF,  village  and  parish  on  west 
border  of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Cree  river,  opposite  Newton- 
Stewart,  is  suburban  to  that  town,  and 
has  a  large  handsome  parochial  church 
of  1836. — The  parish  contains  also  Cree- 
bridge,  Millcroft,  Mines,  and  Blackcraig 
villages ;  measures  18  miles  by  12 ;  and 
comprises  88,130  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £18,337.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
1587;  quoad  sacra,  1384.  The  surface 
includes  a  strip  of  carse  land  adjacent 
to  the  Cree,  but  consists  mostly  of 
a  portion  of  the  Southern  Highlands, 


and  contains  several  summits  from  1700 
to  2331  feet  high.  Lakes  are  numerous, 
but  the  largest  are  not  more  than  2  miles 
long.  The  seats  are  Kirouchtree,  Cum- 
lodden,  Cairnsmore,  and  Machermore ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  numerous  tumuli, 
three  moat-hills,  and  ruins  of  Garlies 
Castle.  A  quoad  sacra  parochial  church 
is  at  Bargrennan.  Two  schools  for  216 
scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  129  are  new. 

MINNISHANT.    See  Minishant. 

MINNONIE,  burn,  running  to  the 
Deveron  in  King-Edward  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

MINNYHIVE.    See  Minniehive. 

MINTLAW,  village,  9  miles  west-north- 
west of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has 
a  head  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  a  railway  station, 
a  banking  office,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  76  scholars.    Pop.  435. 

MINTO,  village  and  parish  in  Roxburgh- 
shire. The  village  stands  about  1  mile 
north-north-west  of  Denholm,  and  lj  mile 
north-east  of  Hassendean  railway  station, 
is  small  but  beautiful,  and  has  a  handsome 
parochial  church  and  a  neat  public  school. 
— The  parish  measures  5f  miles  by  3,  and 
comprises  5602  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £7226.  Pop.  433.  The  river 
Teviot  traces  all  the  south-eastern  bound- 
ary. A  strip  of  haugh  lies  along  the  river; 
a  fine  winding  dell  descends  along  the  west 
to  that  haugh;  two  green  domical  hills,  905 
and  870  feet  high,  flank  the  east  side  of 
that  dell ;  an  inclined  plain,  with  diversity 
of  feature,  descends  from  these  hills  to 
the  greater  part  of  the  haugh  ;  and  a  ridge 
deflects  from  the  east  side  of  the  upper 
hill  onward  to  a  terminal  height  of  712 
feet,  and  breaks  down  there  in  a  frontage 
of  picturesque  crags  to  the  haugh.  Minto 
House,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Minto, 
stands  amid  ornate  grounds  on  the  in- 
clined plain.  Other  seats  are  Teviotbank 
and  Hassendeanburn.  The  only  antiquity 
is  Fatlips  Castle,  an  old  ruin  sung  by  Sir 
"Walter  Scott,  recently  reconstructed  in 
romantic  shape,  and  situated  near  the  top 
of  the  crags.  There  are  2  schools  with 
capacity  for  92  scholars. 

MIOBLE,  rivulet,  entering  Loch  Morar, 
in  south-west  of  Inverness-shire. 

MIRE,  drained  lake  in  Dunnichen  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

MIREBIRD,  flat  tract  in  Banchory- 
Ternan  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

MIRES,  lofty  hill  in  Eaglesham  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

MIRRAN,  rivulet  in  Fortingal  parish, 
Perthshire. 

MIRRITON,  quondam  seat  of  branch  of 
the  noble  family  of  Hamilton,  in  Hamilton 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MISTYLAW,  hill,  1863  feet  high,  4^ 
miles  west-north-west  of  Lochwinnoch, 
Renfrewshire. 

MIULIE,  lake,  with  islet,  near  head  of 
Glenstrathfarrar,  Inverness-shire. 


MOA 


331 


MON 


MOAN,  lake  on  north-west  border  of 
Minnigaff  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MOAR,  cascade  on  Lyon  river,  Perth- 
shire. 

MOAT,  burn  in  Tweedsmuir  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

MOCHRUM,  village  and  parish  on  south 
coast  of  Wigtonshire.  The  village  stands 
9  miles  south-west  of  Wigton,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Port-William,  a  paro- 
chial church,  and  a  public  school. — The 
parish  contains  also  Port-William  and 
Eldrig  villages  ;  measures  9i  miles  by  6 ; 
and  comprises  24,071  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £16,174.  Pop.  2315.  A  nar- 
row belt  of  flat  gravel  beach  lies  along  the 
east  side  of  Luce  Bay ;  a  steep  bank,  almost 
a  precipice,  flanks  the  beach ;  and  a  mix- 
ture of  flats,  hills,  lakes,  and  moors  forms 
most  of  the  interior.  Mochrum  Fell, 
broad-based,  and  646  feet  high,  is  promi- 
nent. Monreith,  the  seat  of  Sir  Herbert 
E.  Maxwell,  Bart.,  is  the  chief  residence  ; 
and  Old  Place  of  Mochrum,  a  decayed 
strong  castle,  now  belonging  to  the  Marquis 
of  Bute,  is  a  chief  antiquity.  A  United 
Presbyterian  church  is  at  Port-William. 
Five  schools  for  499  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  2  of  them  and  an  enlargement 
for  292  are  new. 

MOCHRUM,  broad  -  based,  conical, 
wooded,  conspicuous  hill,  with  magnifi- 
cent view,  midway  between  Maybole  and 
Kirkoswald,  Ayrshire. 

MOCLET,  headland  at  south-east  of 
Papa-Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

MOFFAT,  town  in  Dumfriesshire,  and 
parish  partly  also  in  Lanarkshire.  The 
town  stands  adjacent  to  Annan  river,  2 
miles  north-by-east  of  Beattock  railway 
station,  and  21  by  road,  but  29J  through 
Beattock,  north-north-east  of  Dumfries ; 
was  acquiring  in  1881-82  a  railway  to  the 
Caledonian  at  Beattock ;  sprang  from 
a  village  dating  back  to  at  least  14th 
century;  began,  in  latter  part  of  last 
century,  to  attract  convalescents  and  other 
visitors  for  benefit  of  health ;  acquired 
such  celebrity  as  has  long  drawn  to  it  up- 
wards of  5000  visitors  a  year ;  commands 
three  medicinal  springs,  delightful  views, 
and  rich  appliances  of  recreation;  enjoys 
a  salubrious  climate,  beautiful  environs, 
and  the  shelter  of  a  grand  mountain  semi- 
amphitheatre  ;  presents  a  modern,  well- 
built,  clean,  and  agreeable  appearance ; 
publishes  2  weekly  newspapers ;  and  has 
a  head  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  3  banking  offices, 
good  hotels,  many  lodging-houses,  pure 
water  supply,  baths,  a  curious  public  foun- 
tain of  1875,  a  hydropathic  establishment 
of  1877,  assembly  and  reading  rooms,  a 
steepled  Established  church  of  1790,  a 
steepled  Free  church  of  1843,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  of  1863,  an  Episco- 
palian church  of  1872,  and  an  academy 
of  1834,  enlarged  in  1876.  .  Pop.  2161.— 
The  parish  measures  about  15  miles  in 
length  and  8^  in  greatest  breadth,  and 


comprises  39,846  acres  in  Dumfriesshire, 
and  3119  in  Lanarkshire.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £28,739  and  £1194.  Pop. 
2909  and  21.  A  watershed  of  Hart- 
fell  Mountains,  with  some  of  the  loftiest 
summits  of  the  Southern  Highlands,  forms 
most  of  the  northern  boundary ;  other 
mountain  watersheds  form  all  the  eastern 
and  part  of  the  western  boundaries ;  and 
glens  and  vales,  traversed  by  Annan, 
Moffat,  and  Evan  rivers,  together  with 
flanking  heights,  form  most  of  the  in- 
terior. The  Annan  rises  adjacent  to  the 
northern  boundary,  and  runs  southward 
3  miles  through  the  interior,  and  5 
along  the  western  boundary ;  the  Moffat 
rises  adjacent  to  the  north-eastern  boun- 
dary, is  soon  joined  by  the  stream  from 
Loch  Skene  and  Grey  Mare's  Tail,  and 
runs  10J  miles  south-westward  to  the 
Annan  at  2  miles  south  of  the  town ;  and 
the  Evan  traverses  a  mountain  pass  6 
miles  southward  across  the  north-western 
wing,  and  l'uns  thence,  through  Kirkpatrick- 
Juxta,  to  the  Annan.  Moffat  well,  the 
chief  of  the  medicinal  springs,  is  about  1J 
mile  north-north-east  of  the  town ;  and 
Hartfell  spa,  situated  in  a  deep  ravine,  is 
about  2\  miles  farther  north-north-east. 
Chief  seats  are  Dumcrieff,  Craigieburn, 
Larchhill,  and  Granton ;  and  chief  anti- 
quities are  a  Roman  road,  some  moats, 
and  several  ruined  peel-towers.  There 
are  9  schools  for  551  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  64  are 
new. 

MOIDART.    See  Moydart. 

MOIN,  lofty  moorish  tract,  12  miles  long 
and  4 \  broad,  southward  from  Whiten  - 
head,  on  north  coast  of  Sutherland. 

MOIR,  lake,  5  miles  long,  in  Edder- 
achyllis  parish,  Sutherland. 

MOLL,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of  More- 
battle,  Roxburghshire. 

MOLLANCE,  seat  in  Crossmichael  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MOLLENBURN,  village  in  south-east 
extremity  of  Cadder  parish,  Lanarkshire. 
It  has  a  public  school. 

MOLLINDINAR,  burn,  traversing  ravine 
between  Cathedral  and  Necropolis,  in 
Glasgow. 

MONACH,  island  in  North  Uist  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  13. 

MONACH,  hill,  12  miles  north-north- 
east of  Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides. 

MONADHLEADH,  broad-based,  rugged, 
moorish  mountain-range,  extending  about 
26  miles  north-eastward  between  upper 
part  of  Strathspey  and  most  part  of  Strath- 
dearn,  Inverness-shire. 

MONAHOUDIE,  large  moss  in  Knockando 
parish,  Elginshire. 

MONALTRIE,  seat  near  Ballater,  Aber- 
deen. 

MONANCE  (ST.),  seaport  town,  \\  mile 
west-by-south  of  Pittenweem,  on  south- 
east coast  of  Fife.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Fife,  a  renovated  ancient 


MON 


332 


MON 


Established  church,  a  Free  church,  a 
Congregational  church,  and  a  large  public 
school.    Pop.  1918. 

MONAR,  lake,  5  miles  long,  overhung 
by  wild,  steep,  alpine  mountains,  at  head 
of  Glenstrathfarrar,  Inverness  -  shire. 
Monar  House  is  at  its  foot. 

MONBODDO,  seat  in  Fordoun  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

MONCRIEFF,  seat  of  Sir  Robert  D. 
Moncrieff,  Bart.,  near  Bridge  of  Earn, 
Perthshire. 

MONCRIEFF,  or  MORDUN,  hill  in 
southern  outskirts  of  Perth.  It  forms 
most  of  the  peninsula  between  the  Tay 
and  the  Earn  ;  is  pierced  by  a  railway 
tunnel,  990  yards  long  ;  rises  to  a  height 
of  756  feet  above  sea-level ;  and  commands 
a  superb  view. 

MONCUR,  ruined  ancient  fortalice  within 
grounds  of  Rossie  Priory,  in  Inchture, 
Perthshire. 

MONDUFF,  estate  in  Fetteresso  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

MONDYNES,  section  of  Fordoun  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

MONEARN,  lofty  hill  in  Durris  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

MONEDIE,  parish  with  church  4  miles 
north-north- west  of  Perth.  Its  post  town 
is  Perth.  Its  length  and  breadth  are  each 
about  2  miles  ;  its  area  4438  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £4555.  Pop.  233. 
The  surface  is  partly  flat,  partly  diversified 
by  rising-grounds.  The  church  contains 
460  sittings,  and  the  public  school  has 
about  43  scholars. 

MONESS,  burn,  running  about  6  miles 
north  -  eastward,  traversing  a  romantic 
dell,  making  three  exquisite  cascades,  and 
passing  through  Aberfeldy  to  the  Tay. 
Moness  House  stands  adjacent. 

MONEY,  headland,  5  miles  south-south- 
east of  Portpatrick,  Wigtonshire. 

MONEYDIE.    See  Monedie. 

MONEYMORE,  glen,  descending  north- 
eastward to  Lamlash,  in  Arran  Island, 
Buteshire. 

MONEYPOOL,  burn,  running  west-south- 
westward  to  head  of  "Wigton  Bay  at 
Creetown,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MONFODE,  burn  in  Ardrossan  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

MONGARRY,  hamlet  in  Tullynessle  par- 
ish, Aberdeenshire. 

MONIABRUGH,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Kilsyth,  Stirlingshire. 

MONIAIVE.    See  Minniehive. 

MONIFIETH,  town  and  parish  on  south 
border  of  Forfarshire.  The  town  stands 
1\  miles  north-east  of  Broughty  Ferry,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Dundee,  a 
railway  station,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  2  public  schools  with  about 
297  scholars.  Pop.  1564. —The  parish 
contains  also  Drumsturdymoor  and  Barn- 
hill  villages,  and  most  of  Broughty  Ferry 
town.  Its  length  is  5  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  3£  miles ;  its  area  5952  acres. 


Real  property  in  1880-81,  £55,849.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  9521  ;  quoad  sacra,  3608. 
The  coast  is  low  and  sandy,  and  the  in- 
terior rises  gently  to  the  north,  but  is 
intersected  by  a  range  of  low  heights,  and 
includes  a  hill  about  500  feet  high.  Chief 
seats  are  Linlathen,  Grange,  and  Laws ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  Broughty  Castle,  a 
vitrified  fort,  and  sites  or  traces  of  several 
mediaeval  churches.  Ten  places  of  worship 
are  in  Broughty  Ferry,  and  3  schools  for 
324  scholars,  1  of  them  new  for  100,  are  in 
the  parts  beyond  that  town. 

MONIKIE,  parish,  containing  Craigton 
post  office  village,  and  Bankhead,  Camus- 
town,  Guildie,  and  Newbigging  villages,  in 
south  of  Forfarshire.  It  lies  averagely  5 
miles  north-north-east  of  Broughty  Ferry, 
and  has  a  station  on  the  railway  thence  to 
Forfar.  Its  length  is  7  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  5  miles  ;  its  area  8921  acres.  Real 
property  in  1S80-81,  £19,931.  Pop.  1412. 
The  surface  is  divided  by  two  hill- ranges 
into  a  gentle  slope  in  the  south,  a  valley 
in  the  middle,  and  a  swampy  moorish 
tract  in  the  north.  A  chief  residence  is 
Newbigging  House  ;  chief  antiquities  are 
Affleck  Castle,  vestiges  of  Hynd  Castle, 
and  a  memorial  cross  of  seemingly  the  11th 
century ;  and  a  conspicuous  object  is  the 
'  Live  and  Let  Live  '  testimonial  erected  in 
1839  in  honour  of  Lord  Panmure.  The 
churches  are  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian.  There  are  4  schools  for  314 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  100  is  new. 

MONIMAIL,  village  and  parish  in  Cupar 
district,  Fife.  The  village  stands  4J  miles 
west  of  Cupar,  and  has  Established  and 
Free  churches. — The  parish  contains  also 
the  post  office  village  of  Letham,  and  the 
village  of  Easter  Fernie.  Its  length  is  5 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  4J  miles  ;  its 
area  6554  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£12,125.  Pop.  834.  The  southern  sec- 
tion is  part  of  the  How  of  Fife,  and  the 
northern  one  consists  of  a  range  of  fine 
hills.  .  The  seats  are  Melville,  Rankeilour, 
Cunoquhie,  and  Balgarvie  ;  the  antiquities 
are  Fernie,  believed  to  have  been  a  castle 
of  Macduff,  and  a  tower  said  to  have  been 
built  and  inhabited  by  Cardinal  Beaton  ; 
and  a  conspicuous  object  is  a  pillar  upwards 
of  100  feet  high,  in  memory  of  the  martial 
Earl  of  Hopetoun.  There  are  2  schools 
with  capacity  for  130  scholars. 

MONIVAIRD,  parish  adjacent  to  west 
side  of  Crieff,  Perthshire.  Its  post  town 
is  Crieff.  Its  length  is  9  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  5h  miles  ;  its  area  26,093  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £11,574.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  700 ;  quoad  sacra,  547. 
The  surface  includes  a  section  of  Strath- 
earn  from  immediate  vicinity  of  Crieff  to 
immediate  vicinity  of  Comrie  ;  extends 
northward  and  southward  to  lofty  water- 
sheds ;  comprises  a  large  aggregate  of  hill 
and  mountain  ;  and  exhibits,  in  eminent 
degree,  the  characteristic  features  of  both 
the  valley  and  the  screens  of  the  Earn. 
Chief    seats    are    Ochtertyre,  Lawers, 


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Clathick,  and  Strowan  ;  chief  antiquities 
are  barrows,  vestiges  of  .Roman  works, 
and  remains  of  a  castle  said  to  have  be- 
longed to  the  Red  Comyn ;  and  a  prominent 
object  is  a  lofty  obeliskal  monument  to  Sir 
David  Baird,  on  site  of  castle  of  the  Earls 
of  Strathearn  on  Tomnachastle  eminence. 
The  church  contains  600  sittings,  and  the 
public  school  has  about  164  scholars. 

MONKCASTLE,  seat  in  Kilwinning 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

MONKLAND,  seat  and  ancient  barony 
in  middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  seat 
is  lj  mile  south  of  Airdrie ;  and  the 
barony  belonged  to  the  monks  of  New- 
battle,  took  its  name  from  them,  and  was 
divided  in  1640  into  the  two  parishes  of 
New  Monkland  and  Old  Monkland. 

MONKLAND  CANAL,  canal  commencing 
at  North  Calder  river,  traversing  Monk- 
land  ancient  barony,  sending  off  branches 
there  to  public  works,  and  going  north- 
westward thence  into  junction  with  Forth 
and  Clyde  Canal  at  Port  -  Dundas, 
Glasgow. 

MONKLAND  (NEW),  village  and  parish 
in  middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The 
village  stands  1|  mile  north-west  of 
Airdrie,  and  has  a  church  with  1200  sit- 
tings, and  a  public  school  with  about  124 
scholars.  Pop.  with  Glenmavis,  369. 
— The  parish  contains  also  Airdrie 
town,  Rawyards,  Drumgelloch,  and 
Clarkston  suburbs,  Arden,  Greengairs, 
Langrigg,  and  Roughrigg  villages,  part 
of  Coatdyke  town,  and  part  of  Garnqueen 
village.  Its  length  is  9  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  6  miles;  its.  area  19,885  acres. 
Real  property  of  landward  parts  in 
1880-81,  £66,159.  Pop.  of  the  whole, 
quoad  civilia,  27,816  ;  quoad  sacra,  8284. 
The  surface  is  chiefly  tabular,  with  slopes 
to  the  south-east  and  north-west,  lies 
mostly  at  elevations  of  from  600  to  700 
feet  above  sea-level,  and  is  to  a  great 
extent  mossy.  The  mineral  wealth,  in 
coal,  ironstone,  and  limestone,  is  very 
great,  and  maintains  a  large  amount  of 
industry  and  export.  Chief  seats  are 
Airdrie  House,  Monkland,  Rochsoles,  and 
Auchingray.  Fourteen  places  of  woi-ship 
are  in  Airdrie,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  is  at  Clarkston,  chapels-of-ease  are 
at  Greengairs  and  Meadowfield,  and  a  Free 
church  is  at  Greengairs.  Ten  schools  for 
2141  scholars  are  in  the  parts  outside 
of  Airdrie  burgh,  and  7  of  them  and 
enlargements  for  1915  are  new. 

MONKLAND  (OLD),  parish,  containing 
Coatbridge,  Baillieston,  and  Rosehall 
towns,  Gartsherrie,  Langloan,  High  Sunny- 
side,  and  Whifnet  suburbs,  Bargeddie, 
Dykehead,  Braehead,  Carmyle,  Clyde- 
Ironworks,  Cuilhill,  Faskine,  Palacecraig, 
Swinton,  Merrystone,  and  "YVoodhall 
villages,  and  parts  of  Calderbank,  Coat- 
dyke,  and  Tollcross  towns,  in  middle  ward 
of  Lanarkshire.  Its  length  is  8  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  4£  miles  ;  its  area  10,935 
acres.      Real     property     in  18S0-81, 


£160,014.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  37,323; 
quoad  sacra,  13,471.  The  surface  is 
fertile  champaign,  mostly  flat  or  gently 
undulated.  The  mineral  wealth  in 
carboniferous  rocks,  and  the  industries 
arising  from  it  are  very  great.  Chief 
estates  are  Gartsherrie,  Drumpellier, 
Rosehall,  Calderbank,  Calderpark,  Fas- 
kine, Cairnhill,  Daldowie,  Breadiesholm, 
and  Carmyle.  The  churches  are  7  Estab- 
lished, 5  Free,  2  United  Presbyterian, 
and  6  of  other  denominations.  There  are 
26  schools  for  5545  scholars,  and  2  of 
them  and  enlargements  for  911  are  new. 

MONKLAND  RAILWAYS,  the  Monkland 
and  Kirkintilloch,  the  Ballochney,  and 
the  Slamannan,  constructed  chiefly  for 
mineral  traffic  from  Coatbridge,  Airdrie, 
Kirkintilloch,  Bathgate,  and  Borrows- 
townness,  and  now  part  of  the  North 
British  system. 

MONKLAW,  hill  and  Roman  camp  in 
Jedburgh  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

MONKMIRE,  lake  on  mutual  border  of 
Blairgowrie  and  Bendochy  parishes,  Perth- 
shire. 

MONKRIGG,  seat,  1|  mile  south-south- 
east of  Haddington. 

MONKS,  burn,  with  falls,  entering  the 
North  Esk  in  Penicuick  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

MONKS,  burn,  entering  Douglas  river 
in  Douglas  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MONK'S  FORD,  place  on  the  Tweed 
near  Old  Melrose,  Roxburghshire. 

MONK'S  HOUSE,  remains  of  monastic 
establishment  in  Stromness  parish,  Orkney. 

MONK'S  MOSS,  section  of  Collessie 
parish,  Fife. 

MONKSTADT,  old  seat,  scene  of  incident 
in  life  of  Flora  Macdonald  and  Prince 
Charles  Edward,  in  Kilmuir  parish,  Isle 
of  Skye. 

MONKSTON,  modern  village  in  Monk's 
Moss,  Collessie  parish,  Fife. 

MONK'S  WELL,  fine  spring,  with  sur- 
mounting pillar,  in  Ladykirk  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

MONKTON,  village  and  parish  on  coast 
of  Kyle,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands 
about  a  mile  from  the  shore,  3J  miles 
north-east  of  Ayr,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Ayr,  a  railway  station,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  114  scholars.  Pop.  354. — The 
parish  contains  also  Prestwick  town, 
measures  3|  miles  by  3?,  and  comprises 
3769  acres.  Real  property  in  1879-80, 
£14,513.  Pop.  2121.  The  coast  is  low, 
flat,  and  sandy,  and  the  interior  rises  so 
slightly  from  it  as  almost  to  appear  a  dead 
level.  Coal  has  been  largely  worked ; 
Chief  seats  are  Fairfield,  Orangefield,  and 
Adamton ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  two 
disused  old  parochial  churches,  and  ruins 
of  a  leper's  hospital.  A  public  school  is  at 
Prestwick. 

MONKTONHALL,  village  on  the  Esk,  1 
mile  north  of  Musselburgh,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 


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MONKWOOD,  place  on  lower  part  of 
Doon  river,  Ayrshire. 

MONQUHITTER,  parish,  containing 
Cuminestown  post  office  village  and  Gar- 
mond  village,  in  Turriff  district,  Aber- 
deenshire. Its  length  is  8  miles;  its 
greatest  breadth  6^  miles.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £12,933.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
2794  ;  quoad  sacra,  2474.  The  surface  is 
mostly  undulating,  but  includes  bleak, 
barren  hills.  Lendrum  here  was  the  scene 
of  a  great  battle  between  Donald  of  the 
Isles  and  the  Thane  of  Buchan.  The 
churches  are  2  Established,  1  Free,  and 
1  Episcopalian.  Five  schools  for  466 
scholars  are  in  the  quoad  sacra  parish, 
and  2  of  them  for  210  are  new. 

MONQUIECH,  estate  in  Fetteresso  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

MONREITH,  bay,  village,  and  seat  of 
Sir  Herbert  E.  Maxwell,  Bart.,  5|  miles 
west  of  Whithorn,  Wigtonshire. 

MONRITHMONT,  extensive  moor,  mostly 
covered  with  plantation,  averagely  4  miles 
south  of  Brechin,  Forfarshire. 

MONS,  hill,  with  delightful  view,  in 
Dalmeny  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

MONS  GRAMPUS,  scene  of  famous  battle 
between  the  Roman  Agricola  and  the 
Caledonian  Galgacus,  assigned  to  various 
localities,  but  most  probably  was  adjacent 
to  Ardoch  Roman  camp,  in  Perthshire. 

MONS  TREMONTIUM,  the  Eildon  Hills, 
in  Roxburghshire. 

MONTBLAIRY,  seat  and  distillery  in 
Alvah  parish,  Banffshire. 

MONTCOFFER,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Fife  on  the  Deveron,  in  King-Edward 
parish,  Aberdeenshire,  in  southern  vicinity 
of  Duff  House  and  Banff. 

MONTEITH,  district  in  south-west  of 
Perthshire.  It  takes  name  from  the  river 
Teith  ;  it  comprehends  all  the  Perthshire 
portion  of  the  Forth's  basin  west  of  the 
Ochils,  excepting  Balquhidder  parish  ;  it 
measures  about  28  miles  in  length,  and_  15 
in  greatest  breadth  ;  and  it  gave  the  title 
of  earl  from  1428  till  1694  to  the  family  of 
Graham. 

MONTEITH  (PORT  OF),  hamlet  and 
parish  in  Monteith  district,  Perthshire. 
The  hamlet  lies  on  north  shore  of  Monteith 
Lake,  6  miles  south-south-west  _  of  Cal- 
lander ;  communicates  by  public  coach 
with  a  railway  station  of  its  own  name,  13 
miles  west  of  Stirling  ;  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Stirling,  a  good  hotel,  a  parochial 
church  erected  since  1877,  a  mausoleum  of 
the  Grahams  of  Gartmore,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  47  scholars.— The  parish 
contains  also  Gartmore,  Ruskie;  and  Tom- 
achar  villages  ;  measures  9  miles  by  6J ; 
and  comprises  22,238  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £12,480.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  1175 ;  quoad  sacra,  654.  Mon- 
teith Lake  lies  nearly  in  the  centre  ;  has  a 
roundish  outline  about  6|  miles  in  circuit ; 
contains  Inchmahome  Island  with  extensive 
remains  of  ancient  friary,  Tulla  Island 
with  massive  ruins  of  Earls  of  Monteith's 


castle,  and  Dog  Isle  with  site  of  the  Earls' 
kennels ;  and  has  shores  and  cincture  of 
much  beauty.  Loch  Vennachoir  is  on  the 
northern  boundary,  Loch  Drunkie  is  on 
the  western  boundary,  and  three  small 
lakes  are  in  the  interior.  The  river  Forth 
cuts  off  the  south-west  wing  around  Gart- 
more village ;  runs  thence  along  the 
southern  boundary  ;  and  from  the  point  of 
entering  the  parish  till  the  point  of  leaving 
it,  makes  a  run  of  about  7  miles  measured 
in  straight  line,  but  of  about  12  miles 
measured  along  its  sinuosities.  The  land 
adjacent  to  the  river  is  rich  carse  ;  in  part 
of  the  west  border,  is  considerably  high 
moor  ;  around  Monteith  Lake,  consists  of 
gently  undulating  hills  ;  in  the  north-west 
and  north,  rises  abruptly  into  frontier 
Grampian  Mountains  commanding  ex- 
tensive views.  Chief  seats  are  Cardross, 
Rednock,  Gartmore,  Blairhoyle,  and  Inver- 
trossachs ;  and  chief  antiquities,  besides 
those  on  the  islands,  are  a  Roman  road 
and  a  Roman  castellum.  Established  and 
Free  churches  are  at  Gartmore,  and  3 
schools  for  173  scholars  are  in  the 
parish. 

MONTEITH  (PORT  OF),  railway  station, 
13  miles  west  of  Stirling.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Stirling. 

MONTEVIOT,  a  seat  of  the  Marquis  of 
Lothian  on  the  Teviot,  3  miles  north  of 
Jedburgh. 

MONTFODE,  ruined  baronial  fortalice, 
1£  mile  south-east  of  West  Kilbride,  Ayr- 
shire. 

MONTGOMERY,  seat,  f  mile  south-east 
of  Tarbolton,  Ayrshire. 

MONTHRIVE,  seat  in  vicinity  of  Leven, 
Fife. 

MONTKEGGIE,  ancient  parish,  now 
called  Keithhall,  Aberdeenshire. 

MONTLOKOWRE,  hill  in  Kirkmaiden 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

MONTQUHANY,  seat  in  Kilmany  parish, 
Fife. 

MONTQUHITTER.    See  Monquhitter. 

MONTROSE,  town  and  parish  on  north- 
east coast  of  Forfarshire.  The  town  stands 
at  mouth  of  the  South  Esk,  30  miles  by 
road,  and  31  by  railway,  north-east  of 
Dundee  ;  was  a  principal  town  of  Scotland 
in  middle  of  13th  century  ;  had  a  very 
ancient  castle  on  rising  -  ground  called 
Fort-hill ;  was  the  place  whence  Sir  James 
Douglas  sailed  to  carry  the  heart  of  King 
Robert  Bruce  to  Palestine;  contains  or 
recently  contained  remnant  of  house  in 
which  the  martial  Marquis  of  Montrose 
was  born  ;  was  the  landing-place  of  Cheva- 
lier St.  George  at  commencement  of  civil 
war  in  1715;  gives  the  titles  of  earl, 
marquis,  and  duke  to  the  family  of 
Graham  ;  ranks  now  as  a  seat  of  manu- 
facture, ahead  port,  and  a  royal  burgh;  pub- 
lishes two  weekly  newspapers  ;  and  unites 
with  Arbroath,  Forfar,  Brechin,  and  Bervie 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament.  It 
occupies  a  low  peninsula  northward  from 
the  Esk ;  includes  a  small  insular  suburb 


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within  the  river ;  adjoins,  on  the  west,  a 
lagoon  about  7  miles  in  circumference,  filled 
and  emptied  at  every  tide ;  straggles  on  the 
east  into  broad  downs  or  links,  partly  in 
commonage,  winged  with  fine  sandy  beach  ; 
is  separated  only  by  the  Esk,  between  the 
lagoon  and  the  sea,  from  Ferryden  fishing 
town  and  the  beautiful  braes  of  Craig ;  has 
across  the  river  a  suspension  bridge  of 
1829,  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  £27,000, 
and  a  railway  viaduct  constructed  in  1879, 
and  reconstructed  in  1881  at  very  great 
expense  ;  presents  a  modern,  well-built, 
prosperous  appearance  ;  includes  a  high 
street  so  spacious  as  to  resemble  a  double 
square  ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  2  railway  stations,  8  banking 
offices,  5  hotels,  a  town  hall,  monuments 
of  Sir  Robert  Peel  and  Joseph  Hume,  an 
assembly  hall,  a  spacious  parochial  church 
with  Gothic  front  and  lofty  steeple,  a 
quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  3  Free 
churches,  3  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
Congregational,  Evangelical  Union,  and 
Wesleyan  churches,  2  Episcopalian 
churches,  a  large  public  academy,  6 
primary  public  schools,  a  quondam  lunatic 
asylum,  converted  into  barracks  in  1878, 
and  a  recent  lunatic  asylum  about  2| 
miles  distant,  erected  at  a  cost  of  about 
£20,000,  and  enlarged  in  1880  at  a  cost  of 
£8395.  The  harbour  comprises  the  reach 
of  the  Esk  from  the  suspension  bridge 
to  the  sea,  is  naturally  deep  and  well- 
sheltered,  and  has  a  good  amount  of 
artificial  appliances.  The  vessels  belong- 
ing to  the  port  at  end  of  1879  were  60 
sailing  vessels  of  11,220  tons,  and  8  steam 
vessels  of  2190  tons.  The  arrivals  in  1879 
were  637  British  vessels  of  69,904  tons,  and 
65  foreign  vessels  of  19,594  tons  ;  and  the 
departures  were  645  British  vessels  of 
71,481  tons,  and  65  foreign  vessels  of 
17,960  tons.  Real  property  of  the  burgh 
in  1880-81,  £53,387.  Pop.  14,973.— The 
parish  contains  also  the  village  of  Hill- 
side, measures  4  miles  by  fully  3,  and 
comprises  4134  acres.  Real  property  of 
landward  part  in  1880-81,  £10,369.  Pop. 
of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia,  16,303 ;  quoad 
sacra,  11,746.  The  coast  is  first  a  broad 
band  of  smooth  sandy  beach,  next  a  broad 
belt  of  downs  or  links,  and  the  interior 
rises  gradually  in  the  north  -  west  into 
pleasant  braes.  A  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  is  at  Hillside.  Seventeen  schools 
for  2837  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1 
of  them  and  3  enlargements  for  398  are  new. 

MONTROSE  AND  ARBROATH  RAIL- 
WAY. See  Arbroath  and  Montrose 
Railway. 

MONTROSE  AND  BERVIE  RAILWAY, 

railway,  13  miles  north-north-eastward 
from  Montrose  to  Bervie.  It  was  author- 
ized in  1860  on  a  capital  of  £70,000  in 
shares,  and  £23,000  in  loans  ;  was  opened 
in  November  1865  ;  yielded  a  dividend  of 
only  £  per  cent,  at  April  1880  ;  and  is  now 
connected  at  Montrose  with  the  Arbroath 
and  Montrose  Railway. 


MONTROSE  (OLD),  section  of  Maryton 
parish,  3  miles  west  of  Montrose,  Forfar- 
shire. It  was  an  estate  of  the  Montrose 
family,  but  does  not  appear  to  have  had 
ever  any  town. 

MONWIG,  lake  in  midst  of  large  deep 
moss  in  Aberdour  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

MONYMUSK,  village  and  parish  in 
Garioch  district,  Aberdeenshire.  The 
village  stands  19  miles  by  road,  but  21^ 
by  railway,  west-north-west  of  Aberdeen, 
dates  from  at  least  the  time  of  Malcolm 
Canmore,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen,  a  railway  station,  Established 
and  Episcopalian  churches,  a  public  school 
with  about  107  scholars,  and  the  site  of 
an  ancient  priory. — The  parish  measures 
about  7  miles  by  4g,  and  comprises  10,728 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6939. 
Pop.  1155.  The  surface  is  bisected  by 
the  river  Don,  and  consists  partly  of  vale, 
but  chiefly  of  heights  and  hills.  Mony- 
musk  House  is  the  seat  of  Sir  Archibald 
Grant,  Bart.  There  are  2  schools  with 
capacity  for  225  scholars. 

MONYNUT,  rivulet,  running  about  8  miles 
south-eastward  to  the  Whitadder  near 
Abbey  St.  Bathans  church,  Berwick- 
shire. 

MONYNUT  EDGE,  hill-ridge  overhang- 
ing Monynut  rivulet,  in  Innerwick  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

MONZIE,  village  and  parish  in  Glen- 
almond  district,  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  3  miles  north-north-east  of  Crieff, 
which  is  its  post  town  ;  and  it  has  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  80  scholars. — The 
parish  measures  9  miles  by  8,  and  com- 
prises 21,487  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £8941.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  753; 
quoad  sacra,  304.  The  Vale  of  Monzie, 
about  5  miles  long,  and  part  of  the 
Valley  of  Glenalmond  are  the  only  habit- 
able portions  ;  and  the  rest  of  the  surface 
includes  the  deep  narrow  '  small  glen '  of 
Glenalmond,  and  consists  chiefly  of  wild 
hills  and  mountains,  frontiers  of  the 
Grampians.  The  seats  are  Monzie  Castle 
and  Cultoquhey,  and  the  antiquities  are 
numerous  and  various  —  Caledonian, 
Roman,  and  mediseval. 

MONZIEVAIRD.    See  Monivaird. 

MOODIESBURN,  village  in  east  of 
Cadder  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MOODLAW,  loftily-situated  small  lake  at 
meeting-point  of  Roxburghshire,  Selkirk- 
shire, and  Dumfriesshire. 

MOONEN,  bay  near  Benhalival,  in  west 
of  Isle  of  Skye. 

MOONZIE,  parish,  with  church  3  miles 
north-west  of  Cupar,  Fife.  Its  post  town 
is  Cupar.  Its  length  is  2£  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  1J  mile  ;  its  area  1258 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £2656. 
Pop.  148.  The  surface  is  a  diversity  of 
hill  and  dale.  A  chief  object  is  the 
massive  ruin  of  Lordscairnie  Castle.  The 
public  school  has  capacity  for  54  scholars. 


MOO 


336 


MOR 


MOONZIE,  burn,  rising  in  Moonzie 
parish,  and  running  7  miles  eastward  to 
the  Eden,  in  Fife. 

MOORFIELD,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Delting  parish,  Shetland. 

MOORFOOT,  moorish  hill-range  on 
mutual  border  of  Edinburghshire  and 
Peeblesshire.  It  extends  10  miles  south- 
westward  from  head  of  Gala  vale,  has  a 
mean  breadth  of  about  6  miles,  and  rises, 
in  its  highest  parts,  to  altitudes  of  from 
1500  to  2136  feet. 

MOORHOUSE,  birthplace  of  the  poet 
Pollock,  in  Eaglesham  parish,  Renfrew- 
shire. The  scenery  around  it  is  described 
in  his  Course  of  Time. 

MOORLAND,  hamlet,  4  miles  south  of 
Luss,  Dumbartonshire. 

MOOR-OF-ORD,  flat  sandy  tract,  scene 
of  great  cattle  markets,  3  miles  north  of 
Beauly,  Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Inverness-shire,  and  a 
railway  station. 

MOORS,  eastern  one  of  the  three 
divisions  of  "VVigtonshire. 

MOORS,  district,  with  large  limework, 
in  Glassford  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MORAL,  fine  cascade  on  Enneric  rivulet, 
in  Urquhart  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

MORANGE,  section  of  Inveraven  parish, 
Banffshire. 

MORANGIE,  burn  and  huge  boulder  in 
Tain  parish,  Boss-shire. 

MORANSIDE.    See  Muiravonside. 

MORAR,  lake  and  district  on  west  coast 
of  Inverness-shire.  The  lake  discharges 
its  superfLuence  by  a  very  brief  stream 
into  south  end  of  Sleat  Sound,  measures 
10  miles  in  length  and  If  mile  in  breadth, 
and  is  mostly  all  flanked  on  both  sides  by 
wild,  lofty  hills. — The  district  is  in  great 
part  bisected  by  the  lake ;  measures  19 
miles  in  length  and  from  4  to  9  in  breadth ; 
is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Loch  Nevis ; 
and  has  a  Roman  Catholic  church. 

MORAY,  firth  and  ancient  province  in 
north-east  of  Scotland.  The  firth  strikes 
from  junction  with  Loch  Beauly  at  Inver- 
ness ;  goes  7  miles,  with  extreme  width 
of  4  miles,  north-eastward  to  Chanonry 
Point ;  contracts  there  to  a  width  of  1^ 
mile ;  proceeds  thence  22  miles  north- 
eastward to  a  line  between  Burghhead 
and  Tarbetness  ;  •  expands  gradually  over 
that  distance  to  a  width  of  16  miles ;  and 
begins  there  to  form  a  great  triangular 
gulf,  measuring  58  miles  along  the  south 
coast  from  Burghhead  to  Kinnaird  Head, 
and  nearly  80  miles  in  exterior  or  seaward 
line  from  Kinnaird  Head  to  Duncansby 
Head. — The  province  extends  along  greater 
part  of  the  firth's  south  coast ;  includes 
considerable  territory  westward  of  the 
firth's  head ;  ascends  southward  to  a 
watershed  of  the  Central  Grampians ; 
comprehends  part  of  Banffshire,  all  Elgin- 
shire, all  Nairnshire,  and  nearly  half  of 
continental  Inverness  -  shire  ;  formed  a 
bishopric  with  seat  at  Elgin  ;  constituted 
an  earldom  from  times  prior  to  the  era  of 


modern  authentic  history  ;  and  has  given 
the  title  of  earl  since  1562  to  a  branch  of 
the  family  of  Stuart. 

MORAYSHIRE.    See  Elginshire. 

MORAYSHIRE  RAILWAY,  railway  from 
Lossiemouth,  by  way  of  Elgin  and  Rothes, 
in  Elginshire,  into  junction  with  the 
Strathspey  Railway  at  Craigellachie,  on 
border  of  Banffshire.  It  was  opened  in 
successive  portions  in  1852,  1858,  1862, 
and  1863 ;  and  was  authorized  in  1866  to 
be  amalgamated  with  the  Great  North  of 
Scotland. 

MORDINGTON,  parish  on  coast  in  ex- 
treme east  of  Berwickshire.  It  contains 
the  fishing  hamlet  of  Ross,  and  its  post 
town  is  Berwick.  Its  length  is  4^  miles ; 
its  greatest  breadth  2£  miles ;  its  area 
2939  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£5049.  Pop.  367.  The  northern  sec- 
tion consists  of  high  ground,  presents  to 
the  sea  a  continuous  line  of  abrupt  cavern- 
ous rocks,  and  includes  many  eminences 
commanding  extensive  views ;  and  the 
southern  section  descends  gradually  to  the 
Whitadder,  but  is  mostly  flat.  The  seats 
are  Mordington  House,  Edrington  House, 
and  Edrington  Castle  ;  and  the  antiquities 
are  the  ruined  old  Edrington  Castle  and 
remains  of  Lamberton  church.  The 
churches  are  Established  and  Free.  The 
public  school  has  capacity  for  57  scholars. 

MORDUN.    See  Moncrieff. 

MORE,  lake,  4J  miles  long,  in  Edclera- 
chyllis  parish,  Sutherland. 

MORE,  lake  in  Halkirk  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

MORE,  or  RUMORE,  promontory  between 
Loch  Greinord  and  Loch  Ewe,  on  west 
coast  of  Ross-shire. 

MOREBATTLE,  village  and  parish  in 
extreme  east  of  Roxburghshire.  The 
village  stands  on  Kale  rivulet,  1\  miles 
south-south-east  of  Kelso,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Kelso,  Established, 
Free,,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  121  scholars. 
Pop.  322.  —  The  parish  measures  about 
9 \  miles  by  6,  and  comprises  22,334  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £15,190.  Pop. 
1003.  The  surface  consists  almost 
wholly  of  vales  and  intersecting  hills,  rises 
to  the  watershed  of  the  Cheviots,  and  is 
cultivated  in  its  lower  grounds  and  verdant 
in  its  heights.  The  seats  are  Lochside, 
Gateshaw,  and  Otterburn ;  and  the  an- 
tiquities are  remains  of  two  Border  towers 
and  of  numerous  ancient  camps.  A  public 
school  is  at  Mowhaugh. 

MOREDUN,  seat  in  Liberton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

MORHAM,  small  parish,  with  church 
2f  miles  east-south-east  of  Haddington. 
Post  town,  Haddington.  Acres,  2087. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £3125.  Pop. 
209.  The  surface  is  a  tame,  bare, 
undulating  slope,  with  maximum  height 
of  about  300  feet.  The  public  school  has 
about  46  scholars. 


MOR 


337 


MOR 


MORINISH,  place,  with  post  office 
under  Oban,  Argyleshire. 

MORIR.    See  Morar. 

MORISON'S  HAVEN,  harbour,  5  furlongs 
west  of  Prestonpans,  Haddingtonshire. 
It  was  enlarged  and  improved  in  1875-77 
at  a  cost  of  about  £10,000. 

MORISTON,  river,  running  about  22 
miles  prevailingly  eastward  to  Loch  Ness 
at  Invermoriston,  Inverness  -  shire.  It 
traverses  all  Glenclunie  and  Glenmoriston, 
has  picturesque  scenery,  and  makes  its 
last  reach  in  rushing  cataract. 

MORLICH,  lake  and  burn  in  Rothie- 
murchus  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

MORMOND,  hill  and  seat  in  vicinity  of 
Strichen,  Aberdeenshire.  The  hill  is  749 
feet  high  and  conspicuous,  bears  on  its 
west  brow  a  ruined  hunting-lodge,  and 
has  on  respectively  its  west  and  east  sides 
vast  figures  of  a  horse  and  a  stag  formed 
respectively  about  1800  and  in  1870  by 
cuttings  in  the  turf  filled  with  white 
quartz  stones. 

MORNINGSIDE,  south-western  suburb 
of  Edinburgh.  It  extends  southward  on 
the  outlet  toward  Penicuick,  adjoins  west 
end  of  Grange,  stands  chiefly  along  a 
slope,  includes  lines  of  elegant  villas  on 
the  north  and  an  old  street-line  on  the 
south,  has  a  post  office  under  Edinburgh, 
and  contains  a  •  modern  quoad  sacra 
parochial  church,  a  Free  church  rebuilt 
in  1874,  a  United  Presbyterian  church  of 
1881,  an  Episcopalian  church  of  1876-78, 
a  Roman  Catholic  nunnery  of  1835,  a 
literary  institute  of  1881,  and  the  Edin- 
burgh Lunatic  Asylum  of  1810  and  1850. 
Pop.  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  9241. 

MORNINGSIDE,  village  in  Cambus- 
nethan  parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Newmains,  a  railway 
station,  and  a  public  school  with  about  97 
scholars.    Pop.  740. 

MORPHY,  hill  in  St.  Cyrus  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

MORRISON'S  HAVEN.  See  Morison's 
Haven. 

MORRISTON,two  villages,  East  and  West, 
in  Old  Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MORRISTON,  seat  in  Rutherglen  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

MORRISTON,  estate  in  Legerwood 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

MORRISTON,     Inverness-shire.  See 

MORISTON. 

MORROCH,  small  rocky  bay,  2  miles 
south-east  of  Portpatrick,  Wigtonshire. 

MORTLACH,  parish,  containing  Duff- 
town, in  south-west  centre  of  Banffshire. 
Its  length  is  11  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
7  miles ;  its  area  34,184  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £10,376.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  2634 ;  quoad  sacra,  2651.  The 
surface  is  encompassed  by  hills  and 
mountains,  including  Corhabbie  and 
Benrinnes  ;  and  it  consists  largely  of  two 
glens  with  intervening  heights.  The 
arable  lands  comprise  only  about  one- 
seventh  of  the  entire  area,  and  the  uplands 


are  mostly  either  moor  or  coarse  pasture. 
Chief  antiquities  are  fragments  of  a  small 
cathedral  of  10th  century,  and  ruins  of 
Auchindune  and  Balvary  castles  ;  and 
places  of  interest  are  a  battlefield  of  1010 
and  the  scene  of '  Roy's  Wife  o'  Aldivalloch.' 
The  churches  in  Mortlach  quoad  sacra  are 
Established,  Free,  and  Roman  Catholic ; 
and  another  Established  church  is  in 
Glenrinnes.  There  are  4  schools  for  562 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  260  are  new. 

MORTLICH,  hill,  with  traces  of  exten- 
sive camp,  on  mutual  boundary  of  Aboyne 
and  Coull  parishes,  Aberdeenshire. 

MORTON,  parish,  containing  Thornhill 
town  and  part  of  Carronbridge  village, 
in  Upper  Nithsdale,  Dumfriesshire.  Its 
length  is  about  7  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  2|  miles ;  its  area  8036 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £7777. 
Pop.  2118.  The  surface  includes  low 
ground  adjacent  to  the  Nith  and  the 
Cample,  low  tabular  hill  partly  occupied 
by  Thornhill,  and  diversified  ascent  north- 
ward thence  to  watershed  of  Lowther 
Mountains.  Chief  antiquities  are  traces 
of  a  strong  Roman  castellum  and  massive 
ruin  of  Morton  Castle.  That  castle 
figured  in  the  time  of  Randolph,  Earl  of 
Moray,  and  passed  to  the  branch  of  the 
Douglases  who  became  Earls  of  Morton. 
The  churches  are  Established,  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Evangelical  Union ; 
and  there  is  a  public  school  with  about 
158  scholars. 

MORTON,  ancient  parish,  now  divided 
between  Langholm  and  Half-Morton, 
Dumfriesshire. 

MORTON,  estate  in  East  Calder  section 
of  Kirknewton  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

MORTON  HALL,  seat  in  Liberton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

MORVEN,  mountain,  2882  feet  high,  5^ 
miles  north  of  Ballater,  Aberdeenshire. 
It  is  celebrated  in  a  poem  of  Lord 
Byron. 

MORVEN,  mountain  group,  with  central 
summit  2331  feet  high,  on  south  border  of 
Caithness. 

MORVERN,  or  MORVEN,  parish  in 
north-west  of  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  and  money  order  department  under 
Oban  ;  it  is  bounded,  except  at  an 
isthmus  of  about  4  miles,  by  Loch  Sunart, 
Mull  Sound,  and  Loch  Linnhe ;  and  it 
includes  small  islands  in  Loch  Sunart. 
Its  length  is  16  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
14  miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£8978.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  828;  quoad 
sacra,  749.  The  south-western  section, 
measuring  12  miles  by  5,  and  extending 
along  Mull  Sound,  contains  Lochaline 
village,  four  mansions,  Artornish,  Kinloch- 
aline,  and  Killundine  ruined  castles, 
remains  of  several  small  Scandinavian 
forts,  and  several  Caledonian  stone 
circles  ;  includes  Loch  Aline  sea-inlet  and 
Unimore  valley  ;  abounds  in  lakes, 
streams,  torrents,  fine  cascades,  and  rich 
blendings  of  upland  and  lowland  scenery  ; 

Y 


MOR 


338 


MOU 


and,  especially  in  the  part  around 
Unimore,  was  pronounced  by  Professor 
Wilson  'an  abyss  of  poetry.'  The  north- 
eastern section  consists  chiefly  of  bleak 
heathy  hills  and  mountains,  and  has 
several  summits  upwards  of  2000  feet 
high.  The  churches  are  3  Established, 
1  Free,  and  1  Roman  Catholic.  There  are 
4  schools  for  255  scholars,  and  3  of  them 
for  143  are  new. 

MORVICH,  hill  in  Golspie  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

MOSS,  estate,  with  site  of  George 
Buchanan's  birthplace,  in  Killearn  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

MOSS,  farm,  with  site  of  strong  Border 
tower,  in  Eckford  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

MOSS,  quondam  castle  in  Crawfordjohn 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MOSS,  quondam  ancient  church  in  Wick 
parish,  Caithness. 

MOSSAT,  burn,  entering  left  side  of  Don 
river,  at  5  miles  west  of  Alford,  Aberdeen- 
shire ;  and  place  on  that  burn,  with  post 
office  under  Aberdeen. 

MOSSBANK,  place  adjacent  to  Hoggan- 
field  village,  in  north-eastern  outskirts  of 
Glasgow.  A  Glasgow  industrial  school  here 
was  founded  in  1868,  destroyed  by  fire  in 
1873,  and  rebuilt  at  a  cost  of  £11,000  in 
1874-75. 

MOSSBANK,  hamlet  and  estate  in 
Delting  parish,  Shetland.  The  hamlet 
has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick,  and  a 
United  Presbyterian  church. 

MOSSBURNFORD,  place,  with  seat  and 
strong  old  baronial  fortalice  on  Jed  river, 
3  miles  south-east  of  Jedburgh,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

MOSSEND,  town  near  Bellshill,  Lan- 
arkshire. It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  279  scholars,  and  a  Roman  Catholic 
church.    Pop.  with  Low  Carnbroe,  3030. 

MOSSEND,  village  near  West  Calder, 
Edinburghshire.    Pop.  669. 

MOSSFENNAN,  seat  and  mountain  in 
Glenholm  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

MOSSFIELD,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Rosskeen  parish,  Ross-shire. 

MOSSFINNIN,  large  turbary  in  Kirkin- 
tilloch parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

MOSS-FLANDERS.    See  Flanders. 

MOSSGIEL,  small  farm,  notable  as  resi- 
dence of  the  poet  Burns,  and  place  where 
he  wrote  many  of  his  most  popular  pieces, 
from  his  twenty-fifth  to  his  twenty-eighth 
year,  in  northern  vicinity  of  Mauchline, 
Ayrshire. 

MOSSGREEN,  village  in  east  of  Dun- 
fermline parish,  Fife.  It  has  a  quoad 
sacra  parochial  church  erected  in  1877, 
and  a  public  school  for  220  scholars 
opened  in  1876.  Pop.  of  quoad  sacra 
parish,  1609. 

MOSSHAT,  mineral  field  in  Carnwath 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MOSSIDE,  place,  with  limeworks,  in 
Carluke  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MOSSIDE,  farm,  with  two  notable  cairns, 
in  Culsalmond  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 


MOSSKNOWE,  seat  in  Kirkpatrick-Flem- 
ing  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

MOSSPAUL,  hill-pass  and  inn,  12£ 
miles  south  of  Hawick,  Roxburghshire. 

MOSSPEEBLE,  burn  in  Ewes  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

MOSSPLAT,  estate  in  Carstairs  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

MOSSTODLACH,  village  in  Speymouth 
parish,  Elginshire. 

MOSSTON,  flagstone  quarry  in  Carmylie 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

MOSSTOWIE,  vale  in  Elgin  parish,  El- 
ginshire. 

MOTHERTOP,  rocky  peak  of  Bennochie 
Mountain,  in  Oyne  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

MOTHERWELL,  town,  12£  miles  south- 
east of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  junction 
railway  station,  2  banking  offices,  a  hotel, 
waterworks  of  1877, 2  Established  churches, 
2  United  Presbyterian  churches,  Free, 
Evangelical  Union,  Primitive  Methodist, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  2 
public  schools  with  about  557  scholars. 
One  of  the  Established  churches  was 
erected  in  1874 ;  one  of  the  United  Pres- 
byterian in  1881.  A  new  railway  station, 
one  of  the  largest  on  the  Caledonian 
system  out  of  Glasgow,  was  projected 
in  1880.    Pop.  of  the  town,  12,904. 

MOTHERWELL  BRIDGE,  railway  station 
between  Hamilton  and  Carfin,  Lanark- 
shire. 

MOTRAY,  rivulet,  running  about  12 
miles  eastward  and  southward  to  head  of 
Eden  estuary,  in  Fife. 

MOUL,  headland  at  north  of  Papa- 
Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

MOULIN,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
east of  Perthshire.  The  village  stands 
about  a  mile  north-east  of  Pitlochrie,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Pitlochrie,  a  curious 
ruined  castle  of  12th  century,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  91  scholars. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Pitlochrie  and  Kinnaird  villages, 
measures  about  16  miles  by  8J,  and  com- 
prises 44,640  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £19,378.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
2066;  quoad  sacra,  1569.  The  south- 
western section  rises  from  Killiecrankie 
Pass  and  Tummel  river  to  summit  of 
Benvrackie,  consists  mostly  of  hills  and 
mountains  with  intersecting  vales  or  glens, 
and  includes  some  level  arable  land  in 
what  is  called  the  How.  The  north-eastern 
section  is  divided  from  the  south-western 
by  a  hill  from  3  to  4  miles  wide,  and  con- 
sists chiefly  of  the  glens  and  verdant 
hill-screens  of  two  head-streams  of  the 
river  Ardle.  Chief  seats  are  Faskally, 
Urrard,  and  Donavourd ;  and  chief  anti- 
quities are  the  ruined  castle  at  Moulin 
village,  Caledonian  forts  and  standing- 
stones,  and  vestiges  or  sites  of  mediaeval 
chapels.  A  quoad  sacra  parochial  church 
is  at  Tenandry.  There  are  3  schools  for 
497  scholars,  and  they  include  new  class- 
rooms for  150. 


MOU 


339 


MOY 


MOULINEARN,  village,  with  famous 
quondam  hotel,  3  miles  south-south-east 
of  Pitlochrie,  Perthshire. 

MOUNACK,  hill  in  Stornoway  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

MOUND,  hamlet  on  Loch  Fleet,  in  south- 
east corner  of  Sutherland.  It  takes  name 
from  an  arched  and  sluiced  mound,  with 
public  road,  constructed  in  1816  at  a  cost 
of  £12,500,  across  Loch  Fleet ;  and  it  has 
a  post  office  designated  of  Sutherlandshire, 
and  a  railway  station. 
,  MOUNIE,  estate,  with  remains  of  two 
Caledonian  stone  circles,  in  Daviot  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

MOUNT,  village  in  Campsie  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

MOUNT,  hill  and  bog  in  Kirkurd  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

MOUNT,  hill  in  Monimail  parish,  Fife. 

MOUNT  ALEXANDER,  seat,  3  miles  west 
of  Tummel-Bridge,  Perthshire. 

MOUNT  ANNAN,  seat  on  Annan  river, 
2  miles  north  of  Annan  town,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

MOUNT  BATTOCK.    See  Battock. 

MOUNTBENGER,  farm,  occupied  for 
some  time  by  the  '  Ettrick  Shepherd,'  3| 
miles  south-west  of  Yarrow  hamlet,  Sel- 
kirkshire. 

MOUNT  BLAIR.    See  Blair. 

MOUNTBLOW,  seat  in  Old  Kilpatrick 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

MOUNTBOY,  hill  in  Craig  parish,  For- 

MOUNT  CAMERON,  seat  in  East  Kilbride 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MOUNT  CHARLES,  seat  near  Ayr,  Ayr- 
shire. 

MOUNT  CYRUS,  seat  in  St.  Cyrus  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

MOUNTEVIOT.    See  Monteviot. 

MOUNT  FLORIDA,  suburb  and  eminence, 
2f  miles  south  of  centre  of  Glasgow.  The 
suburb  has  a  post  office  under  Glasgow. 
Pop.  1978. 

MOUNTFORT,  seat  near  Ascog,  Isle  of 
Bute. 

MOUNTGERALD,  estate  in  Kiltearn 
parish,  Boss-shire. 

MOUNTGOWER,  lofty  hill  in  Durris 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

MOUNTGREENAN,  seat  and  colliery  in 
Kilwinning  parish,  Ayrshire. 

MOUNT  HECLA,  mountain,  1992  feet 
high,  on  east  side  of  South  Uist  Island, 
Outer  Hebrides.  Its  seaward  skirt  forms 
Ushenish  headland,  and  is  crowned  by  a 
lighthouse  with  fixed  red  light  visible  at 
the  distance  of  18  nautical  miles. 

MOUNT  HOLLY,  eminence  in  Dryfesdale 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

MOUNT  KEEN.    See  Keen. 

MOUNT  LOTHIAN,  ancient  chapelry,  now 
part  of  Penicuick  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

MOUNT  MELVILLE,  seat  in  Cameron 
parish,  Fife. 

MOUNT  MISERY,  hill-ridge,  with  grand 
view,  in  Kilmaronock  parish,  Dumbarton- 
shire. 


MOUNT  OLIPHANT,  now  MOUNT  FER- 
GUSON, farm  on  which  the  poet  Burns 
lived  from  his  seventh  to  his  seventeenth 
year,  4  miles  south-south-east  of  Ayr. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  suburb  of  New- 
burgh,  Fife. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  hill-ridge  adjacent 
to  Burntisland,  Fife. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  place  in  Gretna 
parish,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  150  scholars. 

MOUNT  STUART,  seat  of  Marquis  of 
Bute,  4  miles  south-south-east  of  Rothesay, 
Isle  of  Bute.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
December  1877,  and  according  to  plans 
approved  in  July  1879,  was  to  be  replaced 
by  an  edifice  of  notable  taste  and  magnifi- 
cence, 120  feet  square. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  seat  in  Liberton  par- 
ish, Edinburghshire. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  village,  railway  sta- 
tion, seat,  and  colliery,  5£  miles  south-east 
of  Glasgow.    Pop.  of  village,  335. 

MOUSA,  island,  with  well"- preserved  very 
interesting  Scandinavian  tower,  10|  miles 
south-by-west  of  Lerwick,  Shetland. 

MOUSE,  rivulet,  running  about  12  miles 
south-westward,  traversing  the  chasm  of 
Cartland  Crags,  and  entering  the  Clyde  a 
mile  below  Lanark. 

MOUSWALD,  village  and  parish  in  south- 
west of  Dumfriesshire.  The  village  stands 
7  miles  south-east  of  Dumfries,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Dumfries,  a  parochial 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  12  L 
scholars. — The  parish  contains  alsoBrockle- 
hurst  and  Cleughbrae  hamlets,  measures 
4|  miles  by  4^,  and  comprises  5889  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £66S3.  Pop. 
558.  The  surface  includes  nearly  900 
acres  of  Lochar  moss,  and  is  elsewhere 
diversified  with  rising-grounds  and  culti- 
vated hill.  The  only  mansion  is  Rockhall, 
the  seat  of  Sir  Alexander  D.  Grierson, 
Bart.  ;  and  the  antiquities  are  several  bar- 
rows, several  camps,  and  vestiges  of  five 
Border  towers.  There  are  2  schools  with 
capacity  for  159  scholars. 

MOUTRIE,  extinct  ancient  village  on 
site  of  St.  James'  Square,  Edinburgh. 

MOW,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of  More- 
battle,  Roxburghshire. 

MOWBRAY,  ancient  thanedom  in  north- 
east of  Banffshire. 

MOWICK,  small  harbour  in  Fetlar  Island, 
Shetland. 

MOWSES,  burn  in  Eckford  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

MOY,  village  in  Inverness-shire,  and 
parish  partly  also  in  Nairnshire.  The 
village  stands  11^  miles  south-east  of 
Inverness,  was  the  headquarters  of  the 
clan  Chattan  or  Mackintosh,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Inverness,  an  inn,  and 
Established  and  Free  churches. — The  par- 
ish contains  also  Freeburn  hamlet,  measures 
about  30  miles  by  5,  and  comprises  in  its 
Nairnshire  portion  5538  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81  of  the  Inverness-shire 
part,  £8587  ;   of  the   Nairnshire  part, 


MOY 


340 


MUI 


£138.  Pop.  803  and  19.  The  surface 
consists  of  the  long  glen  of  the  Find- 
horn,  and  the  small  glen  of  the  Funtack, 
together  with  their  hill  and  mountain 
flanks,  and  is  inhabited  only  on  their 
narrow  bottom.  Moy  Loch,  adjacent  to 
Moy  village,  lies  in  the  small  glen,  measures 
about  3  miles  in  circuit,  and  contains  two 
islands.  Moy  Castle,  the  ancient  seat  of 
the  chiefs  of  the  clan  Chattan,  stood  on  the 
larger  island,  but  is  now  a  ruin  ;  and  a  tall 
obeliskal  monument  erected  in  1824  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  iEneas  Mackintosh  stands 
also  on  that  island.  Moy  Hall,  the  modern 
seat  of  the  chief  of  the  Mackintoshes, 
stands  at  the  loch's  head.  There  are  3 
schools  for  160  scholars,  and  all  of  them 
are  new. 

MOY,  ancient  parish,  now  united  to 
Dyke,  in  Elginshire.  It  contains  a 
mansion  of  its  own  name. 

MOYDART,  sea-loch  and  district  in 
south-west  extremity  of  Inverness-shire. 
The  loch  penetrates  5  miles  eastward,  is 
extensively  bisected  by  Shona  Island, 
receives  on  its  south  side  the  efflux  from 
Loch  Shiel,  and  has  on  its  banks,  at  and 
near  the  head,  Kinloch-Moydart  mansion 
and  Castle  Tioram. — The  district  extends 
eastward  up  Loch  Shiel,  is  partly  bounded 
by  Loch  Aylort,  measures  18  miles  in 
length  and  7  miles  in  mean  breadth,  and 
has  a  Roman  Catholic  church. 

MOYNESS,  place  in  Auldearn  parish, 
Nairnshire.  It  has  a  United  Presbyterian 
church,  a  public  school  with  about  47 
scholars,  and  vestiges  of  an  old  castle. 

MUCHALLS,  place,  4|  miles  north-north- 
east of  Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Stonehaven,  a  rail- 
way station,  a  quaint  mansion  of  1619-27, 
and  an  Episcopalian  church. 

MUCK,  island,  13  miles  west  of  north- 
western extremity  of  mainland  of  Argyle- 
shire.  It  measures  about  2  miles  in 
length,  rises  to  a  height  of  about  600  feet, 
and  exhibits  everywhere  rocky  lines  of 
basaltic  terrace.    Pop.  51, 

MUCK,  beautiful  lake,  on  south-east 
border  of  Dalmellington  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

MUCK,  burn,  running  to  the  Forth 
in  Kincardine  parish,  Perthshire. 

MUCK,  affluent  of  Dhuisk  rivulet  in 
Barr  parish,  Ayrshire. 

MU'OKAIRN,  quoad  sacra  parish,  con- 
taining Bunawe  village,  in  Lorn  district, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
124  scholars.    Pop.  615. 

MUCKART,  hamlet  and  parish  in  Ochil 
district,  Perthshire.  The  hamlet  lies  3 
miles  east-north-east  of  Dollar,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Dollar,  Established 
and  United  Presbyterian  .  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  SO 
scholars.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Pool  hamlet,  and  small  part  of  Dollar 
town.  Its  length  is  4f  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  2£-  miles ;  its  area  4928  acres. 


Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6012.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  601 ;  quoad  sacra,  593. 
The  surface  is  mainly  a  portion  of  the 
Ochils,  and  partly  a  long  romantic  reach 
of  the  Devon's  vale,  both  above  and 
below  Crook-of-Devon. 

MUCKERACH,  ruined  old  castle  in 
Cromdale  parish,  Elginshire. 

MUCKERSEY,  fine  fall  of  about  30  feet 
on  May  rivulet,  in  Forteviot  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

MUCROSS,  peninsula  occupied  by  St. 
Andrews,  Fife,  and  ancient  nucleus  of 
that  city. 

MUDALE,  rivulet,  running  about  8 
miles  north-eastward  to  Loch  Navar,  in 
Sutherland. 

MUDHOUSE,  estate  in  Aberlour  parish, 
Banffshire. 

MUDIESBURN.    See  Moodiesburn. 

MUGDOCK,  ancient  barony  in  Strath- 
blane  parish,  Stirlingshire.  It  contains 
the  ruined  ancient  castle  of  the  Earls  of 
Montrose,  a  lake  of  25  acres,  formerly 
encircling  the  castle  as  a  fosse,  and  a  great 
reservoir  of  Glasgow  waterworks. 

MUGDRUM,  seat,  sculptured  ancient 
cross,  and  island  in  the  Tay,  adjacent  to 
Newburgh,  Fife.    Pop.  of  the  island,  6. 

MUICK,  lake  and  rivulet  in  Glenmuick 
parish,  '  Aberdeenshire.  The  lake  lies 
among  the  Grampians,  near  boundary 
with  Forfarshire ;  is  engirt  by  bold, 
romantic  heights ;  and  measures  2  miles 
in  length  and  \  mile  in  breadth. — The 
rivulet  issues  from  the  lake  ;  makes  at  1^ 
mile  onward  a  fine  cascade  of  36  feet ; 
and  runs  altogether  about  8  miles  north- 
eastward to  the  Dee  in  vicinity  of 
Ballater. 

MUIRAVONSIDE,  parish,  containing 
Avonbridge  post  office  village,  Blackbraes, 
Bumford,  Maddiston,  and  Standrigg 
villages,  and  part  of  Linlithgow-Bridge, 
on  east  border  of  Stirlingshire.  Its  length 
is  6f  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  3  miles  ; 
its  area  7963  acres.  Peal  property  in 
1880-81,  £18,927.  Pop.  2713.  The 
river  Avon  traces  the  southern,  eastern, 
and  north-eastern  boundaries.  The  land 
adjacent  to  the  river  is  mostly  pleasant 
slope  or  brae,  but  that  along  the  north- 
west is  moorish  plateau.  Coal  is  exten- 
sively worked.  A  chief  seat  is  Muiravon- 
side  House,  and  chief  antiquities  are  fine 
remains  of  Almond  Castle,  ruins  of  Manuel 
or  Emanuel  Priory,  and  traces  of  a  chain 
of  Caledonian  forts.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  United  Presbyterian. 
There  are  5  schools  for  405  scholars,  and 
1  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for  247  are 
new. 

MUIRBANK,  seat  near  Eutherglen, 
Lanarkshire. 

MUIRBURN,  seat  in  Glassford  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

MUIRDRUM,  village,  6  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Arbroath,  Forfarshire.  It 
has  a  7)ost  office  under  Carnoustie. 

MUIRDYKES,  farm,  with  battlefield  of 


MUI 


341 


MTJL 


1685,  in  east  of  Lochwinnoch  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

MUIRESK,  seat  on  the  Deveron  about 
a  mile  west  of  Turriff,  Aberdeenshire. 

MUIRFIELD,  seat  in  Dirleton  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

MUIRHEAD,  village  in  Liff  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  116  scholars.    Pop.  120. 

MUIRHEAD,  town  on  north-east  bor- 
der of  Shotts  parish,  Lanarkshire.  Pop. 
1412. 

MUIRHEAD,  village  in  east  of  Cadder 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

MUIRHEAD,  village  in  Kettle  parish, 
Fife. 

MUIRHOUSE,  seat  on  coast  of  Cramond 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

MUIRHOUSE,  farm,  with  remains  of 
Roman  camp,  in  Stow  parish,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

MUIRHOUSE,  seat  at  western  extremity 
of  Cambusnethan  parish,  Lanarkshire. 
MUIRHOUSE,  Forfarshire.     See  Muk- 

KOES. 

MUIRHOUSES,  village  in  Carriden 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

MUIRKIRK,  town  and  parish  in  extreme 
north-east  of  Kyle,  Ayrshire.  The  town 
stands  25 \  miles  by  road,  but  27  by  rail- 
way, north-east-by-east  of  Ayr  ;  occupies 
a  high  site  among  heathy  uplands  ;  sprang 
from  a  small  hamlet  in  latter  part  of  last 
century,  in  result  of  rich  iron-ore  in  its 
vicinity ;  prospered  and  is  maintained  in 
connection  with  extensive  ironworks  ;  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Lanark,  a 
railway  station,  a  banking  office,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Evan- 
gelical Union,  and  Roman  Catholic 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
208  scholars.  Pop.  3470. —The  parish 
contains  also  Glenbuck  village,  measures 
9  miles  by  8h,  and  comprises  30,229  acres. 
Real  property  in  1879-80,  £27,863.  Pop. 
5123.  The  boundary  all  round,  ex- 
cept in  the  west  and  the  north-west,  is  a 
hill-line  of  watershed,  and  culminates  on 
Cairntable  at  an  altitude  of  1944  feet 
above  sea-level ;  and  the  interior  is  an 
assemblage  of  moorish  hills  and  ridges, 
mostly  from  800  to  1000  feet  high,  with 
slender  intersection  of  tame  vales  and 
depressions.  Coal,  ironstone,  and  lime- 
stone abound,  and  are  largely  worked. 
Several  localities  teem  with  memories  of 
the  Covenanters.  There  are  3  schools  for 
612  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  120  is 
new. 

MUIRLAND,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  St.  Ninians  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

MUIR  OF  ORD.    See  Moor  of  Oed. 

MUIRSIDE,  village  in  Kinnell  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

MUIRTON,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Knockbain  parish,  Ross-shire. 

MUIRTON,  village,  with  United  Presby- 
terian church,  in  Marykirk  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 


MUIRTOWN,  suburb  of  Inverness,  and 
seat  near  that  town. 

MUIRTOWN,  barony  in  Kinloss  parish, 
Elginshire. 

MUIRTOWN,  extinct  large  village  in 
East  parish,  Perth. 

MUIRYFAULDS,  place,  with  site  of 
ancient  chapel,  in  Kettins  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

MUIRYHALL,  tract  adjacent  to  Queens- 
ferry,  Linlithgowshire. 

MULACH -  CORRIE,  lake,  2|  miles  east 
of  head  of  Loch  Assynt,  Sutherland. 

MULBEN,  burn,  traversing  romantic 
rocky  gorge  to  the  Spey  in  Boharm 
parish,  Banffshire. 

MULBEN,  railway  station,  5  miles  west 
of  Keith  railway  station,  Banffshire. 

MULBUIE.    See  Mullbuy. 

MULCHAICH,  place,  3  miles  from  Conan- 
Biidge,  on  south  border  of  Ross-shire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Dingwall. 

MULDEARY,  estate  and  round  hills  in 
Boharm  parish,  Banffshire. 

MULDONICH,  island,  If  mile  south  of 
Barra,  Outer  Hebrides. 

MULDRON,  place  in  West-Calder  parish, 
Edinburghshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  64  scholars. 

MULDRON-DRUM,  hill  in  north-western 
vicinity  of  Wilsontown,  Lanarkshire. 

MULIGRACH,  most  northerly  of  Summer 
Islands,  off  mouth  of  Loch  Broom,  west 
coast,  Ross-shire. 

MULL,  sound,  island,  and  district  in 
north-west  of  Argyleshire.  The  sound 
separates  the  island  from  the  mainland ; 
commences  at  junction  of  Firth  of  Lorn 
with  Loch  Linnhe  ;  goes  north-westward 
to  Aros,  north-north-westward  thence  into 
junction  with  Loch  Sunart,  and  westward 
thence  to  the  ocean;  measures  about  26 
miles  in  length,  and  seldom  more  than  3 
miles  in  width ;  and  has  mostly  moorish 
hilly  shores,  occasionally  with  verdant 
slopes,  and  generally  overhung  by  distant, 
wild,  alpine  mountains. — The  island  is 
partially  bounded  also  by  Firth  of  Lorn ; 
lies  across  a  central  artificial  line  drawn 
from  Oban  to  southern  vicinity  of  Staffa  ; 
measures  30  miles  west-south-westward 
along  its  southern  seaboard,  25  miles  north- 
westward nearly  through  its  centre,  and 
more  than  290  miles  in  sinuous  curvature 
round  its  coast ;  consists  chiefly  of  moun- 
tain masses,  intersecting  glens,  bold  cliffs, 
and  intruding  sea-lochs ;  culminates  a  little 
west  of  its  centre  in  the  summit  of  Ben- 
more,  3172  feet  above  sea-level ;  projects 
a  long  broad  promontory  from  its  south- 
west section  to  vicinity  of  Iona ;  is  narrowed 
to  an  isthmus  of  about  5  miles  between 
Aros  and  Loch-na-Keal  head ;  and,  not- 
withstanding the  great  predominance  of 
heathy  moor  and  barren  waste,  contains  a 
large  aggregate  of  grand  scenery.  Pop. 
5168.  —  The  district  comprehends  also 
Tyree,  Coll,  Muck,  Rum,  and  Canna 
islands,  and  the  mainland  parish  or 
Morvern. 


MUL 


342 


MUR 


MULLBUY,  broad-based  gently-outlined 
hill-ridge  on  west  side  of  Ardmeanach  or 
Black  Isle  district,  Ross-shire.  It  extends 
north-north-eastward  from  vicinity  of  head 
of  Loch  Beauly  along  east  side  of  Cromarty 
Firth  to  vicinity  of  Cromarty  town  ;  is  16 
miles  long  ;  and  commands  fine  views.  A 
large  section  of  it  is  within  Urquhart 
parish,  and  has  a  public  school  with  about 
122  scholars. 

MULLHEAD,  promontory  terminating  at 
8  miles  east  of  Kirkwall,  Orkney. 

MULLION,  detached  section  of  Redgor- 
ton  parish,  Perthshire. 

MULLOCH,  small  bay,  convertible  into 
good  harbour,  in  Rerrick  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

MULLOCH,  hill,  battle-scene  between 
Malcolm  Canmore  and  the  Danes,  crowned 
by  large  cairn,  in  Aboyne  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

MULL  OF  GALLOWAY.    See  Galloway 

(MULL  OF). 

MULROY,  scene  of  last  Scottish  feudal 
clan-fight,  in  centre  of  Kilmanivaig  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

MUMBYHIRST,  site  of  Border  peel  in 
Canonbie  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

MUMRILLS,  site  of  station  on  Anto- 
ninus' "Wall  in  Larbert  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

MUNCRAIG,  headland  and  romantic 
cliffs  in  Borgue  parish,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

MUNDOLE,  woodland  in  Forres  parish, 
Elginshire. 

MUNESS,  ruined  feudal  castle  in  south- 
east of  Unst  Island,  Shetland. 

MUNGO  (ST.),  parish,  with  church  3J 
miles  south-by-west  of  Lockerby,  Dumfries- 
shire. Its  length  is  5  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  3  miles ;  its  area  4897  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £6379.  Pop.  653. 
The  surface  is  bounded  on  the  south-west 
by  the  Annan,  and  intersected  through 
the  middle  by  the  Milk ;  and  it  consists 
of  vales  and  two  low  hill-ridges.  The 
only  mansion  is  Castlemilk.  The  church 
is  a  handsome  edifice  of  1876.  The  public 
school  is  new,  and  has  capacity  for  130 
scholars. 

MUNGO  (ST.),  Lanarkshire.  See  High 
Church,  Glasgow. 

MUNGO'S  (ST.),  remains  of  old  church 
in  Auchterarder  parish,  Perthshire. 

MUNGO'S  (ST.),  isle,  with  ancient 
burying-place,  in  mouth  of  Loch  Leven, 
near  Ballachulish,  Argyleshire. 

MUNGO'S  (ST.),  hill,  with  vestiges  of 
volcano,  in  Huntly  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

MUNGO'S  (ST.),  copious  spring  in  Currie 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

MUNLOCHY,  village  at  head  of  bay  of 
its  own  name,  7  miles  north  of  Inverness. 
It  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Inverness, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  103 
scholars. 

MUNNOCK,  burn  in  Ardrossan  parish, 
Ayrshire. 


MUNZIE,  hill  and  saline  spring  in  Eagles- 
ham  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

MURDER,  small  deep  lake  in  Tinwald 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

MURDOCH'S,  isle,  containing  ruined 
castle  of  Murdoch,  Duke  of  Albany,  in 
Loch  Ard,  south-west  verge  of  Perth- 
shire. 

MURIE,  seat  in  Errol  parish,  Perthshire. 

MURIESTON,  rivulet,  running  about 
8  miles  north-north-eastward  to  the  Linn- 
house  near  Mid-Calder  village,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

MURKLE,  bay,  flagstone  quarries,  and 
estate  in  Olrig  parish,  Caithness. 

MURRAY,  burn,  entering  Water  of 
Leith  in  northern  vicinity  of  Slateford, 
E  dinburgh  shire . 

MURRAYFIELD,  village  on  left  side  of 
Water  of  Leith  in  western  vicinity  of 
Edinburgh.  It  consists  chiefly  of  villas, 
and  it  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  under  Edin- 
burgh. 

MURRAY'S,  two  pastoral  isles  in  mouth 
of  Fleet  Bay,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

MURRAYSHALL,  seat  and  hill  in  Kin- 
noul  parish,  Perthshire. 

MURRAYSHALL,  mineral-field  in  St. 
Ninians  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

MURRAY'S  (ST.),  place,  with  cairn  and 
sandstone  quarry,  in  Maybole  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

MURROCH,  glen  in  Dumbarton  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

MURROES,  parish,  with  church  3  miles 
north  of  Broughty  Ferry,  Forfarshire.  Its 
post  town  is  Dundee.  Its  length  is  4^- 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3|  miles ;  its 
area  5298  acres.  Real  property  in  1880- 
81,  £11,087.  Pop.  749.  The  surface  is 
chiefly  undulating,  with  considerable  rise 
toward  the  north,  and  presents,  for  the 
most  part,  a  highly  cultivated  appear- 
ance. The  chief  residence  is  Ballumbie, 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  remains  of 
two  old  castles.  The  public  school  is 
new,  and  has  capacity  for  150  scholars. 

MURSAY,  estate  in  Bower  and  Olrig 
parishes,  Caithness. 

MURSLIGOE,  cove  in  Wick  parish, 
Caithness. 

MURTHLY,  place,  with  railway  station, 
4f-  miles  south-south-east  of  Dunkeld, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Perthshire,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  66  scholars.  Murthly  Castle, 
li  mile  west-north-west  of  the  station, 
is  a  seat  of  Sir  Archibald  D.  D.  Stewart, 
Bart.,  and  has  extensive  grounds,  contain- 
ing a  renovated  ancient  Roman  Catholic 
chapel.  Perthshire  Lunatic  Asylum,  in 
eastern  vicinity  of  the  station,  was 
erected  in  1864  at  a  cost  of  about 
£30, COO,  and  destined  in  1876  to  be 
improved  and  enlarged  at  a  cost  of  about 
£9406. 

MURTHLY,  isolated  district  of  Weem 
parish,  Perthshire. 

MURTLE,  estate,  with  railway  station, 


MUS 


343 


NAI 


post  office  under  Aberdeen,  and  elegant 
modern  mansion,  5^  miles  west-south-west 
of  Aberdeen. 

MUSDALE,  insular  rock  adjacent  to 
south-west  end  of  Lismore  Island,  Argyle- 
shire.  It  is  crowned  by  a  lighthouse  with 
fixed  light  visible  at  the  distance  of  16 
nautical  miles. 

MUSSELBURGH,  town  on  Firth  of  Forth, 
at  mouth  of  Esk  river,  6  miles  east-south- 
east of  Edinburgh.  It  dates  from  ancient 
times  ;  contains  a  bridge  supposed  to  be 
Roman,  and  several  buildings  and  sites  of 
historical  and  antiquarian  interest ;  ranks 
now  as  a  sub-seaport,  a  resort  of  summer 
residents,  and  a  parliamentary  burgh ; 
unites  with  Leith  and  Portobello  in  send- 
ing a  member  to  Parliament ;  comprises 
Musselburgh-proper  on  right  bank  of  the 
Esk,  Fisherrow  on  left  bank,  and  consider- 
able suburbs  ;  is  adjoined  by  fine  downs 
called  Musselburgh  Links,  containing  an 
oval  race -course  of  about  2400  yards; 
enjoys  charming  environs,  studded  with 
mansions  and  villas  ;  presents  for  the  most 
part  a  modern,  well-built  appearance  ;  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
a  terminal  railway  station,  3  banking  offices, 
a  hotel,  a  town  hall  enlarged  in  1876,  a 
five-arched  bridge  of  1807,  a  monument 
to  the  poet  and  novelist  Dr.  Moir,  3  Estab- 
lished churches,  a  Free  church,  2  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  a  Congregational 
church,  a  handsome  Episcopalian  church 
of  1870,  a  grammar  school,  and  4  public 
primary  schools.  Real  property  of  the  burgh 
in  1880-81,  £25,329.    Pop.  7866. 

MUTHILL,  town  and  parish  in  south  of 
Perthshire.  The  town  stands  1^  mile 
west  of  railway  station  of  its  own  name, 
and  3  miles  by  road  south  of  Crieff  ;  dates 
from  the  time  of  the  Culdees  ;  adjoins  a 
grand  wooded  avenue  toward  the  north, 
and  Drummond  Castle  park  on  the  west ; 
presents  a  well-built,  pleasant  appearance  ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Perthshire,  Established,  Free,  and  Episco- 
palian churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  268  scholars.  Pop.  882.— The 
parish  contains  also  a  suburb  of  Crieff ; 
measures  10J  miles  by  4^ ;  and  comprises 
21,916  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£22,776.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1702  ;  quoad 
sacra,  1757.  The  surface  includes  part 
of  Strathearn,  from  the  river  to  the  southern 
watershed,  exhibits  there  much  beauty 
and  luxuriance,  contains  the  wooded  coni- 
cal hill  of  Torlum,  and  extends  south- 
westward  into  wild  upland.  The  chief 
seats  are  Drummond  Castle  and  Culdees  ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  a  ruined  collegiate 
church  of  15th  century  in  the  town,  and  a 
Roman  camp  or  station  at  Strageath  on 
the  Earn.  There  are  4  schools  for  408 
scholars,  and  an  enlargement  of  1  of  them 
for  105  is  new. 

MUTTONHOLE.  See  Davidson's  Mains. 

MYLNEFIELD  -  FEUS,  village,  4  miles 
west  of  Dundee.     It  has  a  post  office, 


with  money  order  department,  under  Dun- 
dee, and  a  public  school  with  about  148 
scholars.    Pop.  348. 

MYOTHILL,  seat  and  small  conical  hill 
in  Denny  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

MYREHEAD,  place,  with  vestige  of  strong 
old  tower,  in  Dryfesdale  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

MYRES,  estate,  with  castellated  man- 
sion, near  Auchtermuchty,  Fife. 

MYRESIDE,  village  in  Kettle  parish, 
Fife. 

MYRETON,  quondam  burgh  of  barony 
in  Penningham  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

MYROCH,  small  bay  on  east  coast  of 
Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 


NABAIGH,  south  -  eastern  section  of 
Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

NABEANNIBH,  northern  section  of 
Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

NABO,  fine  lake  in  vicinity  of  Elgin. 

NACKERTON,  village  in  Bothwell  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire.    Pop.  556. 

NAGANA,  picturesque  lake  in  Assynt 
parish,  Sutherland. 

NAGUNNAICHEAN,  cavernous  chasms, 
emitting  thunderous  sounds  during  gales, 
off  north  coast  of  Kilmuir  parish,  Isle  of 
Skye. 

NAIRN,  town  and  parish  on  coast  of 
Nairnshire.  The  town  stands  adjacent  to 
mouth  of  Nairn  river,  15  miles  north-east 
of  Inverness  ;  dates  from  at  least  the  time 
of  "William  the  Lion ;  gave  the  peerage 
title  of  baron  from  1681  till  1746,  and  from 
1824  till  1837,  to  a  family  of  its  own  name ; 
has  given  that  of  baroness  since  1874  to 
their  lady  representative  ;  ranks  as  a  sea- 
bathing resort,  a  sub-port,  and  a  royal 
burgh ;  unites  with  Forres,  Fortrose,  and 
Inverness  in  sending  a  member  to  Parlia- 
ment ;  publishes  2  newspapers,  one  of 
them  weekly,  the  other  twice  a  week ; 
presents  an  appearance  partly  old  and 
dingy,  partly  new  and  pleasant ;  and  has 
a  head,  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
railway  station,  4  banking  offices,  2  hotels, 
steepled  town  and  county  buildings,  a 
public  hall,  fine  artificial  baths  of  1872,  a 
large  Established  church  of  1811,  a  very 
large  Free  church  of  1881,  2  Episcopalian 
churches,  United  Presbyterian,  Congrega- 
tional, and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  an 
academy,  3  public  primary  schools,  and  a 
town  and  county  hospital.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £12,943.  Pop.  4161.— The  par- 
ish contains  also  Seatown  village,  measures 
8  miles  by  6,  and  comprises  8827  acres. 
Real  property  of  landward  part  in  1880- 
81,  £7063.  Pop.  5368.  The  seaboard  is 
low  and  flat,  and  the  rest  of  the  land  is 
chiefly  a  gentle  slope.  The  seats  are 
Geddes,  Viewfield,  Newton,  Firhall, 
Auchrhea,  Millbank,  Ivybank,  and  House- 
hill  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  vestiges  or 
remains  of  two  old  castles.  Six  schools 
for  1077  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  3 
of  them  and  enlargements  for  704  are  new. 


NAI 


344 


NEI 


NAIRN,  river,  rising  in  Inverness-shire 
at  9  miles  east  of  middle  of  Loch  Ness,  and 
running  about  31  miles,  measured  in 
straight  line,  north-eastward  to  Moray- 
Firth  at  Nairn  town. 

NAIRNE,  extinct  seat  of  Lord  Nairn  in 
Auchtergaven  parish,  Perthshire. 

NAIRNSHIRE,  small  maritime  county, 
comprising  main  body  and  detached  sec- 
tions in  ancient  province  of  Moray,  and 
detached  section  in  ancient  earldom  of 
Ross.  The  main  body  lies  around  Nairn 
town;  extends  southward  across  Findhorn 
river  to  lofty  mountain  watershed ;  mea- 
sures 19  miles  in  length,  and  from  3^  to 
16J  miles  in  breadth ;  has  a  coast-line  7f 
miles  long ;  is,  for  nearly  6  miles  thence, 
prevailingly  low  and  flat ;  and  consists 
elsewhere  of  uplands,  less  or  more  lofty, 
intersected  through  the  middle  by  the  pic- 
turesque vale  of  the  Findhorn.  The  de- 
tached sections  lie  at  distances  of  from  1\ 
to  more  than  20  miles  from  the  main  body ; 
are  surrounded  variously  by  Elginshire, 
Inverness  -  shire,  and  Ross  -  shire  ;  have 
such  measurements  as  to  be  little  else  than 
pendicles  ;  and,  for  the  most  part,  are 
wildly  upland.  The  entire  area  of  the 
county  is  215  square  miles.  The  only 
town  is  Nairn,  and  the  only  village  with 
more  than  300  inhabitants  is  Auldearn. 
Real  property  in  18S0-81,  £35,801.  Pop. 
in  1871,  10,225  ;  in  1881,  10,454. 

NALUIRE,  lake  on  mutual  border  of 
Kiltarlity  and  Kilmorack  parishes,  In- 
verness-shire. 

NAMHOON,  small  lake,  2 \  miles  east  of 
Aviemore,  in  Badenoch,  Inverness-shire. 

NAMOIN,  lake  in  Kildonan  parish,  Suth- 
erland. 

NANBREACDEARG,  lake  in  Kiltarlity 

parish,  Inverness-shire. 

NANEAN,  lake  in  Kirkmichael  parish, 
Perthshire. 

NA-NUA.    See  Lochnanua. 

NAORS  AL,  islet,  containing  Rhinns  point, 
adjacent  to  extremity  of  Rhinns  peninsula, 
in  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

NARROWS,  sheltered  anchoring-ground 
at  head  of  Loch  Scriden,  south-west  coast 
of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

NATHANSTHIRN.    See  Nenthoen. 

NAUGHTON,  mansion  and  ruined  old 
castle  in  Balmerino  parish,  Fife. 

NAUNT,  rivulet,  running  about  6  miles 
northward  to  Loch  Etive  at  short  distance 
west  of  Bunawe,  Argyleshire.  It  traverses 
a  deep,  narrow,  densely-wooded  glen,  and 
makes  several  cascades. 

NAVAR,  ancient  parish,  now  united  to 
Lethnot,  Forfarshire. 

NAVE,  islet  off  entrance  of  Loch  Grui- 
nard,  west  coast  of  Islay  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

NAVER,  lake  and  river  in  Sutherland. 
The  lake  lies  immediately  north  of  Ben- 
clybric,  nearly  in  centre  of  the  county  ; 
extends  7  miles  east-north-eastward,  with 
mean  width  of  1^  mile  ;  has,  in  some  parts, 
a  depth  of  30  fathoms ;  and  contains  an 


islet  with  remains  of  Scandinavian  tower. 
— The  river  issues  from  the  lake ;  runs 
about  16  miles  northward  to  Torrisdale 
Bay;  traverses  a  fine  strath,  formerly 
maintaining  about  1200  inhabitants,  but 
now  nearly  all  pastoral ;  and  is  the  best 
salmon  stream  in  the  Northern  High- 
lands. 

NAVIDALE,  site  of  ancient  chapel,  with 
extant  burying-ground,  in  Loth  parish, 
Sutherland. 

NEARTAY,  small  island  in  Harris  Sound, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

NEATTIE,  small  lake  in  Kiltarlity  par- 
ish, Inverness-shire. 

NEDD,  small  bay,  forming  natural  har- 
bour, 1\  miles  south-west  of  Kyle-Skow, 
west  coast  of  Sutherland. 

NEEDLE,  isolated  pyramidal  rock  at 
entrance  of  Quiraing,  Isle  of  Skye. 

NEEDLE'S  EYE,  long,  grand,  curious 
cavern  on  Gamrie  coast,  Banffshire. 

NEEDLE'S  EYE,  long,  deep,  narrow 
fissure,  swept  by  rushing  billows  during 
easterly  gales,  on  Slains  coast,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

NEEDLE'S  EYE,  rude  natural  arch,  about 
40  feet  high,  on  Colvend  coast,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

NElDPATH,  massive  structure,  partly 
peel-tower  of  12th  century,  chiefly  thick- 
walled  quadrangular  castle  of  15th  century, 
on  the  Tweed,  about  a  mile  west  of  Peebles. 
It  was  garrisoned  for  Charles  II.;  it  resisted 
a  siege  by  Cromwell ;  it  was  purchased  by 
the  first  Duke  of  Queensberry,  and  given 
by  him  to  his  second  son,  who  became 
Baron  Neidpath  and  Earl  of  March ;  and 
it  went  by  inheritance  to  the  Earl  of 
Wemyss. 

NEILSLAND,  estate  in  Hamilton  parish, 
Lanarkshire.  It  belonged  anciently  to  a 
branch  of  the  noble  family  of  Hamilton, 
and  it  was  sold  in  1871  for  £23,000. 

NEILSTON,  town  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Eenfrewshire.  The  town  stands 
on  the  Levern,  8|-  miles  south-west  of 
Glasgow ;  shares  with  Barrhead  a  con- 
siderable country  trade ;  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Glasgow,  a  railway  station, 
a  banking  office,  Established,  Free,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  a  large 
public  school.  Pop.  2311.— The  parish 
contains  also  Crofthead,  "West  Arthur- 
lee,  Newton-Ralston,  Gateside,  and  Up- 
lawmoor  villages,  Cross-Arthurlee  and 
Grahamston  suburbs,  and  most  of  Barr- 
head town.  Its  length  is  nearly  7  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  4f  miles ;  its  area 
12,481  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£51,556.  Pop., quoad civilia,  11,359;  quoad 
sacra,  4631.  The  land,  in  the  north-east, 
is  flat ;  through  most  of  the  centre,  is 
valley ;  in  the  west,  is  part  of  the 
Fereneze  Hills ;  in  the  south-east,  in- 
cludes the  fine  hill-ridges  of  Neilston-Pad 
and  Corkindale-Law,  commanding  magni- 
ficent views.  Several  lakes  and  reservoirs 
are  in  the  south  ;  and  springs  of  purest 
water,  one  of  them  discharging  42  gallons 


NEI 


345 


NET 


per  minute,  are  numerous.  Chief  seats  are 
Arthurlee  and  Crofthead ;  chief  spots  of 
antiquarian  interest  are  sites  of  old  castles 
and  two  religious  houses ;  and  prominent 
objects  are  numerous  printfields,  bleach- 
fields,  and  cotton  factories.  Five  places 
of  worship  are  in  Barrhead.  Seven  schools 
for  1338  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  2 
of  them  for  655  are  new.  Neilston-Pad  is 
854  feet  high. 

NEISH,  wooded  islet  in  foot  of  Loch 
Earn,  Perthshire. 

NELL,  lake,  2  miles  long,  averagely  3 
miles  east-south-east  of  Oban,  Argyle- 
shire.    See  also  LoCHNELL. 

NELLFIELD,  lands,  with  quarries  and 
iron-ore,  in  Carluke  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

NEMPHLAR,  village  and  braes  on  right 
side  of  the  Clyde  about  2  miles  north-west 
of  Lanark.  The  village  has  a  public 
school. 

NENTHORN,  hamlet  and  parish  on  south 
border  of  Berwickshire.  The  hamlet  lies 
4  miles  north-west  of  Kelso,  and  has  Es- 
tablished and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  67  scholars.  Its  post 
town  is  Kelso. — The  parish  measures  5J 
miles  by  and  comprises  3454  acres. 
Keal  property  in  1880-81,  £5851.  Pop. 
454.  The  surface  is  partly  bounded, 
partly  bisected  by  Eden  rivulet,  and  is 
variously  flat,  sloping,  and  undulated. 
The  seats  are  Nenthorn  House  and 
Newton-Don.  An  ancient  chapel  stood 
at  Nathansthirn,  and  became  for  some 
time  the  parochial  church. 

NEPTUNE'S  STAIRCASE,  series  of  eight 
locks  on  south-west  extremity  of  Cale- 
donian Canal,  Inverness-shire. 

NERSTON,  village  in  East  Kilbride 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

NERVELSTONE,  colliery  in  west  ex- 
tremity of  Lochwinnoch  parish,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

NESEIT.    See  Nisbet. 

NESS,  each  of  numerous  headlands 
and  promontories  in  Shetland,  Orkney, 
Hebrides,  and  northern  parts  of  Scottish 
mainland.  The  name  is  sometimes  used 
in  bald  form,  sometimes  with  prefix  of 
the  definite  article,  and  sometimes,  as 
in  Buddonness  and  Fifeness,  with  desig- 
native  prefix. 

NESS,  bay  on  south-east  coast  of  North 
Ronaldshay  Island,  Orkney. 

NESS,  northern  section  of  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Stornoway. 

NESS,  cavern  in  small  precipitous  head- 
land, mile  east-north-east  of  Arbroath, 
Forfarshire. 

NESS,  deep,  narrow,  romantic  ravine, 
traversed  by  Doon  river,  in  Dalmellington 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

NESS,  lake  and  river  in  Inverness-shire. 
The  lake  occupies  the  bottom  of  north- 
eastern reach  of  Great  Glen ;  extends 
from  Fort- Augustus  to  Bona  Ferry; 
measures  23^  miles  in  length,  about  l| 


mile  in  mean  width,  and  mostly  from  630 
to  960  feet  in  middle  depth  ;  and  is  closely 
flanked  by  steep  mountain-ranges. — The 
river  issues  from  the  lake,  runs  8  miles 
north-eastward  to  head  of  Moray  Firth 
at  Inverness,  and  has  a  mean  width  of 
180  feet,  and  a  mean  summer  depth  of 
about  3  feet. 

NESS  CASTLE,  estate  with  mansion  on 
Ness  river,  5  miles  south-west  of  Inver- 
ness. It  belonged  to  Lord  Saltoun,  and 
was  sold  in  1871  for  £90,000  to  Sir  John 
Bams  den. 

NESSOCK    See  Portnessock. 

NESTING,  parish  in  east  side  of  Shet- 
land. It  contains  "Whalsay  post  office 
under  Lerwick  ;  includes  part  of  Mainland 
measuring  18  miles  by  4,  on  coast  and  sea- 
board, from  Gletness  to  Lunanness  ;  com- 
prehends also  Whalsay  Island,  and  Bound, 
Brurie,  Gruna,  and  Housie  skerries ;  and 
is  much  diversified,  on  all  its  coasts,  by 
voes  and  headlands.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £2523.  Pop. ,  quoad  civilia,  2626  ; 
quoad  sacra,  1599.  The  land  comprises 
only  about  1000  acres  in  tillage,  and  is 
mostly  pastoral  or  waste.  The  seats 
are  Lunna  and  Whalsay.  Established 
churches  are  in  the  south  and  the  north  of 
Mainland  section  and  on  Whalsay  Island. 
There  are  8  schools  for  443  scholars,  and 
3  of  them  for  240  are  new. 

NETHAN,  rivulet,  running  about  11 
miles  northward  to  the  Clyde  at  vicinity 
of  Crossford,  Lanarkshire.  It  passes 
Lesmahagow  town  and  Craignethan  Castle, 
and,  while  traversing  a  deep  ravine,  is, 
crossed  at  about  3  miles  from  the  Clyde 
by  the  loftiest  railway  viaduct  in 
Scotland. 

NETHANFOOT,  village  at  mouth  of 
Nethan  rivulet,  Lanarkshire. 

NETHER-BUCKIE.    See  Buckie. 

NETHERBURN,  place  in  south-east  of 
Dalserf  parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Hamilton,  and  a  railway 
station. 

NETHERBYRES,  seat  near  Eyemouth, 
Berwickshire. 

NETHERCLEUGH,  railway  station,  2\ 
miles  north  -  north  -  west  of  Lockerby , 
Dumfriesshire. 

NETHER-COLL,  stream,  running  to 
Broad  Bay  in  Stornoway  parish,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

NETHERCRAIGS,  place,  mile  south 
of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

NETHERCROY,  seat  in  Cumbernauld 
parish,  Dumbartonshire.  A  Roman  altar 
is  in  its  garden. 

NETHERDALE,  seat  in  Marnoch  parish, 
Banffshire. 

NETHERFIELD,  seat  near  Strathaven, 
Lanarkshire. 

NETHERHALL,  lands  in  Kirkmahoe 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

NETHERHILL,  seat  near  Paisley, 
Renfrewshire. 

NETHERHOUSE,  estate  in  Mearns 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 


NET 


346 


NEW 


NETHERH  0  U  SE ,  coal-field  in  Old 
Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

NETHERINCH,  hill-stream  in  Kilsyth 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

NETHER-KILRENNY.    See  Kilrenny. 

NETHERLAW,  seat  and  headland  in 
Rerrick  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

NETHERLEE,  village  and  seat  in 
Cathcart  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

NETHERLEY,  post  office  under  Stone- 
haven, seat,  and  public  school  in  Fetteresso 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

NETHERMAINS,  hamlet  in  Kinnaird 
parish,  Perthshire. 

NETHERMILL,  place  in  Kirkmichael 
parish,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  116  scholars. 

NETHERMILL,  place  on  coast  at  foot  of 
deep  wooded  glen,  10  miles  east  of  Banff. 

NETHERMILL,  place  with  distillery 
near  Fettercairn,  Kincardineshire. 

NETHERMILL,  rivulet,  running  7  miles 
north-eastward  to  Firth  of  Forth  at  3| 
miles  west  of  Queensferry,  Linlithgowshire. 

NETHERMILLS ,  hamlet  in  Grange 
parish,  Banffshire. 

NETHERMUIR,  seat  in  New  Deer 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

NETHERPLACE,  vestige  of  strong  old 
tower  in  Dryfesdale  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

NETHERPLACE,  printfield  in  Mearns 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

NETHERSHIELS,  farm,  with  remains  of 
Roman  camp,  in  Stow  parish,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

NETHERTON,  hamlet  in  Crawfordjohn 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

NETHERTON,  extinct  ancient  town, 
predecessor  of  Hamilton  town,  on  ground 
now  within  Hamilton  ducal  park, 
Lanarkshire. 

NETHERTON,  village  in  New  Kilpat- 
rick  parish ,  Dumbartonshire.    Pop.  677. 

NETHERTON,  place  in  Lesmahagow 
parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  70  scholars. 

NETHERTOWIE,  farm,  with  ruined 
ancient  chapel,  in  Towie  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

NETHER-TYNE,  bleachfield  in  King- 
horn  parish,  Fife. 

NETHERWOOD,  lands  with  limestone 
and  sandstone  quarries  in  Cumbernauld 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

NETHY,  burn,  running  to  the  Earn  in 
Abernethy  parish,  Perthshire. 

NETHY,  rivulet,  running  about  12  miles 
northward  from  Cairngorm  Mountains  to 
the  Spey  at  Abernethy  church,  Inverness- 
shire. 

NETHY-BRIDGE,  railway  station  adja- 
cent to  Nethy  rivulet,  4|  miles  south-west 
of  Grantown. 

NEVAY,  ancient  parish,  now  annexed 
to  Eassie,  Forfarshire. 

NEVIE,  place,  with  site  of  ancient 
chapel,  in  Inveraven  parish,  Banffshire. 

NEVIS,  sea-loch  on  mutual  boundary  of 
Knoydart  and  Morar  districts,  Inverness- 
shire.     It  measures  13  miles  in  length, 


varies  from  i  mile  to  2  miles  in  breadth, 
is  closely  flanked  by  mountain-ranges, 
and  exhibits  much  picturesqueness. 

NEVIS,  rivulet  traversing  Glennevis, 
curving  round  southern  base  of  Bennevis, 
making  several  romantic  cascades,  and 
falling  into  Loch  Eil  at  Fort-William, 
Inverness-shire. 

NEWABBEY,  village  and  parish  on  east 
border  of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  village 
stands  on  a  charming  tract  near  north- 
east base  of  Criffel  Mountain,  2  miles 
west  of  the  Nith  and  7  south  of  Dumfries ; 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Dumfries,  a 
hotel,  a  ruined  abbey  of  13th  century,  a 
parochial  church  of  1876,  a  Free  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  73  scholars. 
Pop.  about  320. — The  parish  contains  also 
Drumbarn  and  Lochend  hamlets,  measures 
about  10  miles  by  4 \,  and  comprises  13,199 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8237. 
Pop.  906.  A  belt  of  flat  land,  partly 
carse,  adjoins  the  Nith's  estuary ;  a  slope 
ascends  thence  westward,  and  is  pro- 
longed, in  the  north,  by  a  narrow  strath  ; 
and  two  hill-ridges,  one  of  them  ascend- 
ing to  summit  of  Criffel,  form  most  of 
the  rest  of  the  surface.  There  are  three 
lakes,  all  more  or  less  fringed  with  wood. 
Chief  seats  are  Shambelly  and  Kinharvey  ; 
and  prominent  objects  are  a  Wellington 
monument  50  feet  high,  and  a  very  large 
rocking-stone.  There  are  2  schools  for 
224  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  130  is  new. 

NEW  ABERDOUR.  See  Abeedoue, 
Aberdeenshire. 

NEWARK,  locality  more  or  less  identified 
with  Port-Glasgow,  Renfrewshire.  The 
site  of  that  town  is  part  of  a  tract  origin- 
ally called  Newark ;  a  bay  at  it,  converted 
at  great  cost  into  spacious  wet  dock,  is 
still  called  Newark  Bay ;  and  a  portion  of 
the  town,  with  church  containing  1600 
sittings,  forms  the  quoad  sacra  parish  of 
Newark,  constituted  in  1855.  Newark 
Castle,  on  a  small  low  headland  in  eastern 
vicinity,  was  the  seat  of  an  ancient  barony 
extending  far  into  Kilmalcolm  parish ;  is 
a  massive,  quadrangular,  well-preserved 
pile,  mostly  of  date  near  end  of  16th 
century,  but  partly  older;  and  forms  a 
striking  feature  in  views  from  the  firth. 
Pop.  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  3287. 

NEWARK,  large,  square,  roofless  ancient 
castle,  scene  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Lay  of 
the  Last  Minstrel,  4  miles  west-by-north 
of  Selkirk. 

NEWARK,  renovated  old  baronial 
fortalice,  a  seat  of  Marquis  of  Ailsa,  4 
miles  south  of  Ayr. 

NEWARK,  ruinous  old  mansion  in  Aber- 
crombie  parish,  Fife. 

NEWARK,  place,  with  well-preserved 
ancient  Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Lon- 
may  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

NEWARK,  place,  with  ancient  Scandi- 
navian remains,  and  traces  of  ancient 
church,  in  north-eastern  peninsula  of 
Sanday  Island,  Orkney. 

NEWARTHILL,    town    amid    a  rich 


NEW 


347 


NEW 


mineral  field,  2\  miles  north-east  of 
Motherwell,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Motherwell,  a  railway  station, 
a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  large 
public  school.    Pop.  1355. 

NEWBARNS,  estate  in  Oathlaw  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

NEWBATTLE,  village  and  parish  in  east 
of  Edinburghshire.  The  village  stands  on 
the  South  Esk  about  a  mile  south  of 
Dalkeith,  is  a  small  old  place,  and  has  a 
parochial  church  and  a  large  public  school. 
Its  post  town  is  Dalkeith.  —  The  parish 
contains  also  Easthouses,  Newton-Grange, 
and  Stobhill  villages,  and  part  of  White- 
hill.  Its  length  is  5J  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  3|  miles ;  its  area  5223  acres. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £17,884.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  3346 ;  quoad  sacra,  2771. 
The  ground  rises  from  boundary  vales  in 
all  directions  to  a  central  ridge,  with 
height  of  about  680  feet  above  sea-level. 
Coal  is  extensively  worked,  and  limestone 
and  sandstone  are  quarried.  Newbattle 
Abbey,  the  chief  seat  of  the  Marquis  of 
Lothian,  is  a  large  elegant  modern  edifice, 
and  occupies  the  site  of  a  monastery  of 
12th  century.  The  only  other  mansion  is 
"Woodburn,  and  the  only  noticeable  extant 
antiquity  is  the  remnant  of  a  Roman 
station.  Established  and  Free  churches 
are  at  Stobhill.  Three  schools  are  in  the 
parish,  and  have  capacity  for  540  scholars. 

NEWBIGGING,  suburb  or  section  of 
Musselburgh,  Edinburghshire.  - 

NEWBIGGING,  village,  4|  miles  south- 
east of  Carstairs  Junction,  Lanarkshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Lanark,  a  rail- 
way station,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
53  scholars. 

NEWBIGGING,  village  in  Auchtertool 
parish,  Fife. 

NEWBIGGING,  seat  and  limestone 
quarries  near  Burntisland,  Fife. 

NEWBIGGING,  seat  in  Carnock  parish, 
Fife. 

NEWBIGGING,  farm,  with  long  range  of 
basaltic  columns,  in  Ceres  parish,  Fife. 

NEWBIGGING,  hamlet,  2f  miles  south- 
west of  St.  Andrews,  Fife. 

NEWBIGGING,  village  in  Monikie  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Dundee,  and  a  United  Presbyterian 
church. 

NEWBIGGING,  village  in  Newtyle  par- 
ish, Forfarshire. 

NEWBIGGING,  village  in  Tealing  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

NEWBIGGING,  place,  with  small  Cale- 
donian stone  circle  and  remains  of  ancient 
tower,  in  Lethnot  parish,  Forfarshire. 

NEWBIGGING,  hamlet,  with  spinning- 
mill,  in  Kinnell  parish,  Forfarshire. 

NEWBIGGING,  place  in  Cargill  parish, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  137  scholars. 

NEWBIGGING,  extinct  ancient  village  in 
Oxnam  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

NEWBRIDGE,  village  on  Almond  river, 
9  miles  west  of  Edinburgh. 


NEWBRIDGE,  hamlet  in  Terregles  par- 
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire. 

NEWBURGH,  town  and  parish  in  extreme 
north-west  of  Fife.  The  town  stands 
amid  delightful  environs  on  upper  part  of 
Firth  of  Tay,  lOf  miles  east-south-east  of 
Perth  ;  dates  from  at  least  13th  century, 
and  was  once  a  royal  burgh ;  includes 
Mount  Pleasant  suburb  within  Abdie  par- 
ish ;  presents  for  the  most  part  a  modern 
and  attractive  appearance  ;  ranks  as  a  sub- 
port,  with  convenient  harbour  and  con- 
siderable commerce ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, a  banking  office,  a  town  hall,  new 
waterworks  commenced  in  1877,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Evan- 
gelical Union,  and  Baptist  churches,  and 
a  large  public  school.  Pop.  2366.  —  The 
parish  is  nearly  cut  into  two  sections  by 
intervention  of  Abdie,  measures  about  3 
miles  by  2,  and  comprises  1365  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £7554.  Pop. 
2183.  The  northern  section  extends 
about  2  miles  along  the  Tay,  and  is  low, 
flat,  and  fertile  ;  but  the  other  section  lies 
averagely  about  2  miles  south  of  the  town, 
has  much  diversity  of  surface,  and  includes 
elevations  of  more  than  500  feet.  A  chief 
seat  is  Mugdrum  House  ;  and  chief  anti- 
quities are  Mugdrum  Cross,  Macduff  Cross, 
and  the  ruins  of  Lindores  Abbey.  There 
are  2  schools  for  437  scholars,  and  an 
enlargement  of  one  of  them  for  142  is  new. 

NEWBURGH,  seaport  village,  10  miles 
north  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Aberdeen,  a  banking  office,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  191  scholars. 
Pop.  636. 

NEWBURN,  parish  between  Largo  and 
Elie,  on  south  coast  of  Fife.  Its  post  town 
is  Largo.  Its  length  is  about  3J  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  about  2  miles  ;  its  area 
3040  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£5516.  Pop.  344.  The  shore  is  flat, 
and  the  interior  rises  in  fine  diversity  of 
surface  north-westward  and  northward, 
and  includes  part  of  Largo  Law.  There 
are  4  mansions,  and  the  reputed  site  of 
a  Culdee  church.  The  public  school  has 
about  86  scholars. 

NEWBYRES,  ruined  castle  near  Gore- 
bridge,  Edinburghshire. 

NEWBYTH,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Buchan  district,  Aberdeenshire. 
The  village  stands  6  miles  north-west  of 
New  Deer,  was  founded  in  1764,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Turriff,  a  church  of 
1852,  and  2  public  schools  with  about  158 
scholars.  Pop.  of  the  village,  491;  of 
the  quoad  sacra  parish,  1932. 

NEWBYTH,  seat  of  Sir  David  Baird, 
Bart.,  2  miles  north -by- west  of  East 
Linton,  Haddingtonshire. 

NEWCASTLETON,  village  on  the  Liddel, 
21£  miles  south  of  Hawick,  Roxburgh- 
shire. It  was  founded  in  1793 ;  it  forms 
a  street  nearly  a  mile  long,  with  intersec- 
tion of  three  squares  ;  and  it  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 


NEW 


348 


NEW 


departments,  designated  of  Roxburghshire, 
a  railway  station,  a  banking  office,  United 
Presbyterian  and  Evangelical  Union 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
254  scholars.    Pop.  924. 

NEW  CATHCART.    See  Cathcaet. 

NEWCK,  seat  in  Airth  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

NEW  CRAIGHALL,   etc.    See  Craig- 

HALL,  etc. 

NEWE,  seat  of  Sir  Charles  J.  Forbes, 
Bart. ,  in  Strathdon  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

NEW  ELGIN,  village  in  Elgin  parish, 
Elginshire.    Pop.  625. 

NEW  ENGINE.    See  Engine. 

NEW  ENGLAND,  small  bay,  1\  miles 
north  of  Mull  of  Galloway,  Wigtonshire. 

NEWFIELD,  seat  near  Eutherglen, 
Lanarkshire. 

NEWFIELD,  seat  in  Dundonald  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

NEWFIELDDYKE,  village  in  Slamannan 
parish,  Stirlingshire.    Pop.  153. 

NEW  GALLOWAY.  See  Galloway  (New). 

NEW  GILSTON,  village  in  Largoward 
quoad  sacra  parish,  Fife.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  81  scholars. 

NEWGORD,  pastoral  isle  adjacent  to 
Unst,  Shetland. 

NEW  HALLES,  railway  station  and  seat, 
\  mile  west  of  Fisherrow,  Edinburghshire. 

NEWHALL,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  Glas- 
gow.   Pop.  5199. 

NEWHALL,  seat,  with  romantic  grounds, 
3  miles  south-west  of  Penicuick,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

NEWHALL,  seat  in  Kettins  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

NEWHALL,  seat  in  Fetteresso  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

NEWHALL,  seat  in  Resolis  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

NEWHALL,  quondam  town  in  Crail 
parish,  Fife. 

NEWHALLS,  ferry  station  adjacent  to 
Queensferry,  Linlithgowshire.  It  figures 
in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Antiquary. 

NEWHALLS,  burn  entering  Quair  rivu- 
let, Peeblesshire. 

NEWHAVEN,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  on  the  Forth  in  Edinburghshire. 
The  town  stands  2J  miles  north  of  centre 
of  Edinburgh ;  made  some  figure  in  time 
of  James  IV.,  with  prospect  of  becoming 
a  place  of  considerable  commerce ;  has 
long  been  little  else  than  a  prosperous 
fishing  place,  but  adjoins  Trinity  and  some 
fine  tracts  thickly  studded  with  villas  ; 
gave  the  title  of  viscount,  from  1681  till 
1738,  to  the  family  of  Cheyne  ;  acquired 
extensive  harbour  improvements,  at  a  cost 
of  £10,000,  in  1876-77  ;  and  has  a  post 
office  with  telegraph  under  Edinburgh, 
a  banking  office,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  large  public  school.  Pop. 
of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  4694. 

NEWHILLS,  parish  extending  west- 
north-westward  from  a  line  about  2  miles 
west  of  Aberdeen.  Its  post  town  is 
Aberdeen.     Its  length  is  about  6  miles  ; 


its  greatest  breadth  about  5  miles  ;  its 
area,  10,282  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £23,379.  Pop.  5480.  The 
surface  in  the  north-east  is  low  and  level, 
but  elsewhere  is  upland.  The  seats  are 
Springhill,  Hazelhead,  Sheddocksley, 
Fairley,  Crailston,  Cloghill,  Gateside, 
Waterton,  and  Newhills  Place.  The 
churches  are  2  Established  and  1  Free. 
There  are  8  schools  for  954  scholars,  and  3 
of  them  for  420  are  new.  A  Convalescents' 
Cottage  Home  was  opened  in  June  1882. 

NEWHOLM,  estate  in  Dolphinton  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire. 

NEWHOUSE,  village  adjacentto  north  end 
of  St.  Ninians  suburb  of  Stirling.   Pop.  33  i. 

NEWHOUSE,  place  about  a  mile  south- 
west of  Ettrick  -  Bridge,  Selkirkshire. 
Ettrick  river  here  has  cut  the  barrier  of 
an  ancient  lake,  and  traverses  a  deep 
ravine  flanked  by  wooded  cliffs. 

NEWHOUSE,  mineral  field  adjacent  to 
the  Clyde  in  Both  well  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

NEWHOUSEMILL,  hamlet  on  eastern 
verge  of  East  Kilbride  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

NEWHOUSES,  hamlet  in  Kirkliston  par- 
ish, Linlithgowshire. 

NEWINGTON,  modern,  genteel,  south- 
eastern suburb  of  Edinburgh.  It  stands 
on  a  gentle  slope,  declining  to  the  south  ; 
consists  principally  of  handsome  villas, 
along  the  sides  of  spacious  thoroughfares  ; 
is  adjoined  by  Grange  suburb  on  the 
west,  and  Mayfield  on  the  south  ;  and  has 
a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  and  Baptist  churches, 
and  a  large  public  school.  Pop.  of  quoad 
sacra  parish,  11,904. 

NEWINGTON,  estate  in  Kilmany  parish, 
Fife. 

NEW  INVERAWE,  seat  on  west  shore  of 
Loch  Awe,  Argyleshire. 

NEW  KEITH.    See  Keith. 

NEW  KELSO,  village  on  Carron  river,  7 
miles  north-east  of  Strome  Ferry,  Ross-shire. 

NEW  KILPATRICK.  See  Kilpatrick 
(New). 

NEW  LANARK.    See  Lanark  (New). 
NEWLANDRIGG,  village  in  Borthwick 

parish,  Edinburghshire. 

NEWLANDS,  parish,  containing  Noble- 
house  post  office,  and  Lamancha  and 
Macbiehill  railway  stations,  in  north  of 
Peeblesshire.  It  measures  about  9  miles 
by  3|,  and  comprises  12,518  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £10,958.  Pop.  819. 
The  surface  is  chiefly  a  vale  flanked  by 
hill-ridges,  and  comprises  more  than  3300 
acres  of  arable  land.  Coal,  limestone, 
sandstone,  and  chalybeate  springs  abound. 
Chief  seats  are  Whim,  Lamancha,  Macbie- 
hill, Romanno,  and  Callends ;  and  chief  an- 
tiquities are  Drochil  Castle  and  vestiges 
of  several  hill-forts.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  United  Presbyterian. 
There  are  2  schools  for  157  scholars, 
and  1  of  them  for  90  is  new. 

NEWLANDS,  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Glasgow.    Pop.  4415. 

NEWLANDS,  hamlet  in  Latheron  parish, 


NEW 


349 


NEW 


Caithness.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  101  scholars. 

NEWLANDS,  extensive  bleachfield  near 
Pollockshaws,  Eenfrewshire. 

NEWLANDS,  or  DUNCAN,  burn  in 
Kirkmahoe  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

NEW  LANGHOLM.    See  Langholm. 

NEWLAW,  hill,  with  extensive  splendid 
views,  in  Rerrick  parish,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

NEW  LEEDS.   See  Leeds  (New). 

NEWLISTON,  seat,  1|  mile  west  of 
Kirkliston,  Linlithgowshire. 

NEW  LUCE.    See  Luce  (New). 

NEW  MACHAR.    See  Machab  (New). 

NEWMAINS,  town  adjacent  to  Coltness 
Ironworks,  north  of  Wishaw,  and  between 
(Jleland  and  Morningside,  Lanarkshire.  It 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  Lan- 
arkshire, a  railway  station,  and  a  well- en- 
dowed church,  projected  in  1876  in  memory 
of  a  member  of  the  Houldsworth  family. 
Pop.  with  Coltness  Ironworks,  2682. 

NEWMAINS,  seat  in  Lochmaben  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

NEWMARKET,  village  in  Stornoway 
parish,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  313. 

NEWMILL,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Banffshire.  The  village  stands 
on  the  Isla,  1J  mile  north  of  Keith,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Keith,  a  recently 
erected  church,  and  a  piiblic  school  with 
about  116  scholars.  Pop.  of  the  village, 
651 ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  1431. 

NEWMILL,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Hawick  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

NEWMILL,  place,  with  large  flour-mill, 
in  Kilmarnock  parish,  Ayrshire. 

NEWMILL,  seat  in  Dairsie  parish, 
Fife. 

NEWMILL,  place,  with  foundry,  in 
St.  Andrews-Lhanbryde  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

NEWMILlS,  village  on  Firth  of  Forth, 
4  miles  west-south-west  of  Dunfermline, 
Fife. 

NEWMILLS,  hamlet  in  Fordyce  parish, 
Banffshire. 

NEWMILLS,  place,  with  corn-mills,  in 
Jedburgh  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

NEWMILN,  harbour  on  the  Forth  in 
Airth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

NEWMILNS,  town  on  river  Irvine,  1\ 
miles  east  of  Kilmarnock,  Ayrshire.  It 
consists  of  Newmilns-proper  on  right  bank 
of  the  river,  and  Greenholm  on  left  bank  ; 
enjoys  delightful  environs,  including 
'  Loudoun's  bonnie  woods  and  braes  ; ' 
contains  an  old  tower  which  figured  in  the 
history  of  the  Covenanters  ;  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Kilmarnock,  a  ter- 
minal railway  station,  a  banking  office, 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  2  public  schools  with  about  404 
scholars,  and  a  working  men's  institute. 
Pop.  2860. 

NEW  MONKLAND.  See  Monkland 
(New). 


NEWMORE,  seat  near  Invergordon, 
Ross-shire. 

NEW  NORTH,  parish,  with  Established 
and  Free  churches,  in  Old  Town,  Edin- 
burgh.   Pop.  2792. 

NEW  PITSLIGO.    See  Pitsligo  (New). 

NEWPORT,  town  on  south  coast  of 
Firth  of  Tay,  directly  opposite  Dundee. 
It  strictly  is  both  town  and  village,  East 
and  West ;  it  ranks  as  a  sub-port  of  Dun- 
dee, and  maintains  a  ferry  many  times 
a-day  to  that  town  ;  it  has  an  excellent 
ferry  harbour,  350  feet  long  and  60  feet 
wide,  with  carriage-way  on  each  side ;  it 
adjoins  or  is  near  numerous  handsome 
villas  and  two  fine  mansions  ;  and  it  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  under  Dundee,  a  hotel, 
a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  and  Congregational 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
195  scholars.  Pop.  of  town,  2311 ;  of 
quoad  sacra  parish,  1775. 

NEW  POSSO.    See  Dawick. 

NEW  PRESTWICK.    See  Prestwick. 

NEW  RATTRAY.    See  Rattbay. 

NEW  REAY,  village  in  Reay  parish, 
Caithness. 

NEW  SAUCHIE,  suburb  of  Alloa,  Clack- 
mannanshire.   Pop.  904.    See  Sauchie. 

NEW  SAUGHTON,  seat  in  Cramond 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

NEW  SCONE.    See  Scone. 

NEW  SEAT,  railway  station,  4  miles 
west  of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire. 

NEWSHOT,  island  in  the  Clyde,  2  miles 
north-west  of  Renfrew. 

NEW  SPYNIE.    See  Spynie. 

NEWSTEAD,  village  on  the  Tweed 
about  a  mile  east  of  Melrose,  Roxburgh- 
shire. It  adjoins  ground  where  Roman 
relics  have  been  found,  and  where  a 
monastery  stood  between  9th  and  12th 
centuries ;  it  is  believed  to  stand  on  or 
near  the  site  of  a  Roman  town  ;  and  it  has 
a  post  office  under  Melrose.    Pop.  301. 

NEW  STEVENSTON,  suburb  of  Holy- 
town,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  180  scholars.    Pop.  1048. 

NEW  TARBAT,  quondam  seat  of  Earls 
of  Cromarty,  now  a  fragmentary  ruin,  in 
Kilmuir-Easter  parish,  Ross-shire. 

NEWTON,  parish,  containing  Millerhill 
village,  with  post  office  and  railway  station, 
and  ten  other  villages  or  hamlets,  in  north- 
east of  Edinburghshire.  Its  length  is  2f 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  If  mile  ;  its. 
area  2033  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£15,000.  Pop.  1307.  The  surface  is  partly 
a  gentle  slope  toward  the  North  Esk, 
partly  a  low  ridge,  the  ends  of  which  are  in 
contiguous  parishes.  Coal  abounds,  and  is 
extensively  worked.  The  seats  are  Edmon- 
stone,  Newton,  and  Woolmet ;  and  the 
chief  antiquity  is  an  ancient  church  tower. 
The  public  school  has  about  99  scholars. 

NEWTON,  suburb  of  Kirkcaldy,  Fife. 
It  adjoins  east  end  of  Linktown,  and  was 
founded  about  the  year  1790,  and  built  on 
a  regular  plan. 


NEW 


350 


NEW 


NEWTON,  suburb  of  Carnoustie,  For- 
farshire. 

NEWTON,  suburb  of  Dunning,  Perthshire. 

NEWTON,  village,  6  miles  south-east  of 
Glasgow.  It  stands  on  a  rich  mineral 
field,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money- 
order  department,  under  Glasgow,  a  rail- 
way station,  and  an  Episcopalian  church 
of  1875.    Pop.  730. 

NEWTON,  village  in  Glammis  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

NEWTON,  village  in  Panbride  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

NEWTON,  hamlet  in  Wiston  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

NEWTON,  village  in  Abercorn  parish, 
Linlithgowshire.    Pop.  109. 

NEWTON,  village  in  Pencaitland  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

NEWTON,  village  inKirkpatrick-Fleming 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

NEWTON,  village  in  Fintry  parish,  Stir- 
lingshire. 

NEWTON,  village  in  Falkland  parish,  Fife. 

NEWTON,  suburb  of  Cupar,  Fife. 

NEWTON,  village  in  Ross  detached 
district  of  Nairnshire.    See  Ferintosh. 

NEWTON,  hamlet  and  estate  in  Bedrule 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

NEWTON,  section  of  Millport,  on  Big 
Cumbray  Island,  Buteshire. 

NEWTON,  quondam  village  and  ancient 
chapelry  in  Nenthorn  parish,  Berwickshire. 

NEWTON,  place,  with  vestige  of  ancient 
castle,  in  Glenisla  parish,  Forfarshire, 

NEWTON,  estate  in  Abbey  -  Paisley 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

NEWTON,  estate,  with  mansion  and  two 
ancient  sculptured  standing-stones,  in  Cul- 
salmond  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

NEWTON,  estate  in  Avondale  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

NEWTON,  estate  in  Boharm  parish, 
Banffshire. 

NEWTON,  seat  in  Kirkhill  parish,  In- 
verness-shire. 

NEWTON,  place,  with  ruined  old  chapel, 
in  Kilmadock  parish,  Perthshire. 

NEWTON,  seat  in  Nairn  parish,  Nairn- 
shire. 

NEWTON,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

NEWTON,  seat  in  "Whit-some  parish, 
Berwickshire 

NEWTON,  burn,  running  from  Hemp- 
riggs  Loch  to  Wick  river  in  Caithness. 

NEWTONAIRDS,  seat  on  the  Cluden 
in  Holywood  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

NEWTON-ARGYLE,  village  in  South- 
end parish,  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

NEWTON-DON,  seat  on  Eden  rivulet,  3 
miles  north-west  of  Kelso. 

NEWTON-EDROM.    See  Edeom. 

NEWTON-FERRY,  place,  with  post  office 
under  Lochmaddy,  Outer  Hebrides. 

NEWTON-GRANGE,  town  in  Newbattle 
parish,  Edinburghshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Dalkeith,  gasworks  of  1873, 
and  a  school  with  capacity  for  280  scholars. 
Pop.  1010. 


NEWTONHALL,  estate  in  Yester  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

NEWTONHALL,  seat  in  Kennoway 
parish,  Fife. 

NEWTONHILL,  railway  station,  5^  miles 
north-by-east  of  Stonehaven,  Kincardine- 
shire. 

NEWTON-MEARNS,  village  in  Mearns 
parish,  Renfrewshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Glasgow.    Pop.  900. 

NEWTONMILL,  seat  in  Strickathrow 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

NEWTON-MOOR,  or  NEWTONMORE, 
village  in  Kingussie  parish,  Inverness- 
shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Kin- 
gussie.   Pop.  306. 

NEWTON-ON-AYR,  suburb  and  parish 
on  coast  of  Ayrshire.  The  suburb  forms 
part  of  Ayr  parliamentary  burgh  ;  is  sepa- 
rated only  by  Ayr  river  from  Ayr-proper ; 
shares  largely  in  the  industries  and  com- 
merce of  Ayr  burgh  ;  contained,  till  1701, 
a  strong  castle  of  the  feudal  times ;  and 
contains  now  extensions  of  Ayr  harbour, 
the  original  Ayr  railway  station,  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches,  an  academy, 
and  2  large  primary  public  schools.  Pop. 
6113. — The  parish  measures  about  1^  mile 
by  1,  and  comprises  585  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty of  landward  part  in  1879-S0,  £1806. 
Pop.  of  the  whole,  6150.  The  coast  is 
flat  and  sandy,  and  the  interior  is  nearly 

NEWTON-RALSTON,  village  in  Levern 
valley  between  Neilston  and  Barrhead, 
Renfrewshire. 

NEWTON  ST.  BOSWELLS,  village,  3± 
miles  south-east  of  Melrose,  Roxburgh- 
shire. It  adjoins  the  station  at  forking  of 
railway  from  Edinburgh  toward  respec- 
tively Hawick  and  Kelso,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Roxburghshire, 
a  hotel,  waterworks  of  1876,  a  recent 
United  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  pub- 
lic school  with  about  85  scholars.  Pop. 
423 

NEWTONSHAW,  village,  If  mile  north  of 
Alloa,  Clackmannanshire.    See  Sauchie. 

NEWTON-STEWART,  town  on  river 
Cree,  comprising  Newton-Stewart-proj>er 
on  Wigtonshire  bank,  and  Minnigaff  suburb 
on  Kirkcudbrightshire  bank,  50J  miles  by 
railway  west-by-south  of  Dumfries.  It 
was  founded  in  1701 ;  had  long  a  rude 
appearance,  but  underwent  much  improve- 
ment ;  is  now  a  centre  of  considerable 
country  trade ;  publishes  a  weekly  news- 
paper ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  a  railway  station,  3  banking 
offices,  2  chief  inns,  a  town  hall,  a  lofty 
monument  to  the  Earl  of  Galloway  who 
died  in  1873,  a  handsome  five-arched  bridge, 
2  Established  churches,  2  Free  churches, 
a  United  Presbyterian  church  of  1878, 
Episcopalian  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
and  a  great  suite  of  schools  called  the 
Ewart  Institute.  Pop.  of  town-proper, 
2645 ;  with  Minnigaff  suburb  and  Cree- 
bridge,  3072. 


NEW 


351 


NIN 


NEWTON-WAMPHRAY,  or  GILGAL,  ham- 
let in  Wamphray  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

NEWTOWN,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Inverary  parish,  Argyleshire. 

NEW  TOWN.    See  Edinburgh. 

NEW  TROWS,  village  in  Lesmahagow 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

NEWTYLE,  village  and  parish  on  south- 
west border  of  Forfarshire.  The  village 
stands  16f  miles  by  railway  north-west-by- 
west  of  Dundee ;  was  founded  in  1832,  in 
relation  to  the  Dundee  and  Newtyle  Eail- 
way ;  assumed  a  neat  and  prosperous  ap- 
pearance ;  and  now  has  a  post  office  under 
Coupar- Angus,  a  railway  station  and 
depot,  Established  and  Free  churches,  and 
2  public  schools  with  capacity  for  204 
scholars.  Pop.  409.  —  The  parish  con- 
tains also  Newbigging  village  and  several 
hamlets,  measures  about  2r?  miles  by  2, 
and  comprises  5192  acres.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £12,586.  Pop.  911.  The 
surface  lies  partly  in  Strathmore,  partly 
among  Sidlaw  Hills,  and  includes  a  hill- 
pass  called  Glack-of-Newtyle,  regarded 
from  old  times  as  a  strong  military  pass, 
and  now  traversed  by  Dundee  and  Newtyle 
Eailway.  Hatton  Castle,  built  in  1575, 
and  now  a  ruin,  commanded  the  pass. 
The  shell  of  an  old  observatory  crowns  one 
of  the  hills,  and  figures  in  a  great  extent 
of  landscape. 

NEWTYLE,  wooded  hill  in  eastern  vicin- 
ity of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire.  It  commands 
rich  extensive  views. 

NEWYEARFIELD,  farm,  with  site  of 
hunting-seat  of  the  kings  of  Scotland,  in 
Livingstone  parish,  LinlithgoAvshire. 

NIBEN,  islet  in  Northmaven  parish, 
Shetland. 

NICHOLAS  (ST.).    See  Aberdeen. 

NIDDRY,  village  and  seat,  3^  miles 
south-east  of  Edinburgh.  The  village 
commands  a  delightful  view,  and  has  a 
public  school  with  about  115  scholars. — 
The  seat  is  partly  an  ancient  baronial 
fortalice,  partly  a  handsome  modern  edi- 
fice, and  is  near  vestiges  of  an  ancient 
chapel. 

NIDDRY,  hamlet  and  ruined  ancient 
castle  in  Kirkliston  parish,  Linlithgow- 
shire. The  castle  stands  adjacent  to  rail- 
way, \  mile  south-east  of  Winchburgh, 
belonged  to  the  Earls  of  Winton,  received 
Queen  Mary  on  her  escape  from  Loch 
Leven,  and  gave  the  peerage  title  of  baron 
to  General  Sir  John  Hope,  afterwards 
fourth  Earl  of  Hopetoun. 

NIGG,  parish  in  extreme  north-east  of 
Kincardineshire.  It  has  a  post  office  of  its 
own  name  under  Aberdeen,  contains  the 
post  office  villages  of  Cove  and  Torry,  and 
the  villages  of  Burnbank  and  Charleston, 
and  is  separated  by  only  the  river  Dee  from 
Aberdeen.  Its  length  is  about  5  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  3  miles  ;  its  area  4432 
acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £16,163. 
Pop.  2935.  The  north  border  is  partly 
low  ground  along  Aberdeen  harbour, 
partly  Girdleness  promontory  crowned  by 


lighthouse  with  two  fixed  lights  ;  the  east 
side  includes  Nigg  Bay,  of  half-moon 
form,  about  \  mile  in  diameter,  imme- 
diately south  of  Girdleness,  and  presents 
thence  to  the  sea  a  bold  cavernous  breast 
of  rock  from  60  to  80  feet  high ;  and  the 
interior  and  western  sections  are  mainly 
unarable  and  wild.  The  churches  are 
Established  and  Free.  Public  schools  are 
at  Cove,  Torry,  and  Kirkhill. 

NIGG,  parish,  chiefly  peninsulated,  be- 
tween Moray  Firth  and  north  side  of 
Cromarty  Firth  in  east  of  Boss-shire.  It 
contains  Shandwick,  Balnabruach,  and 
Balnapellin  villages,  has  a  post  office  of  its 
own  name  under  Inverness,  and  communi- 
cates with  Nigg  railway  station  in  its 
north-western  vicinity.  Its  length  is  6 
miles ;  its  breadth  from  2  to  3|  miles. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £6842.  Pop. 
1000.  Nigg  Bay  flanks  the  west  side, 
forms  a  northward  projection  of  Cromarty 
Firth,  has  a  triangular  outline  contracting 
from  4^  miles  to  a  point,  and  is  bare  at 
efflux  of  the  tide.  About  two-thirds  of 
the  land  are  fertile  plain  or  slope,  and  the 
rest  consists  of  Nigg  Hill  extending  along 
the  east  coast,  rising  to  heights  of  from 
300  to  500  feet,  commanding  very  grand 
views,  and  presenting  to  the  sea  fissured 
cavernous  cliffs.  The  chief  seat  is  Bay- 
field; and  the  chief  antiquities  are  the 
sculptured  stone  of  Shandwick,  a  similar 
stone  now  placed  at  gable  of  parochial 
church,  and  traces  of  a  fort  erected  by 
William  the  Lion.  The  churches  are 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian. There  are  2  public  schools  with 
capacity  for  180  scholars,  and  both  are 
new. 

NIGG  STATION,  station,  7f  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Invergordon,  Eoss-shire.  It 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  designatedof  Eoss-shire. 

NINEMILEBURN,  village  in  Penicuick 
parish,  Edinburghshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  47  scholars. 

NINESTANERIG,  hill,  where  Lord  Soulis 
is  traditionally  said  to  have  been  burned 
to  death,  in  Castleton  parish,  Eoxburgh- 
shire. 

NINEWARE,  seat,  3f  miles  west-south- 
west of  Dunbar,  Haddingtonshire. 

NINEWELLS,  seat  near  Chirnside,  Ber- 
wickshire. It  was  built  in  1841  to  super- 
sede a  previous  mansion,  the  birth-place 
and  occasional  residence  of  David  Hume. 

NINEWELLS,  copious  pure  spring  in 
hill  district  of  Newburgh  parish,  Fife. 

NINIAN'S  (ST.)  (popularly  ST.  RINGAN'S), 
town  and  parish  in  Stirlingshire.  The 
town  stands  nominally  \\  mile  south  of 
Stirling,  but  is  nearly  united  to  it  by  the 
intermediate  villages  of  Bellfield  and  New- 
house,  and  forms  part  of  its  Parliamentary 
burgh ;  has  intimate  association  with  the 
battlefield  of  Bannockburn ;  extends  to 
within  \  mile  of  the  '  Bore  Stone,'  where 
Bruce  planted  his  standard ;  retains  the 
steeple  of  a  church  used  as  a  powder- 


NIN 


352 


NOR 


magazine  by  Prince  Charles  Edward  in 
1746,  and  then  blown  to  pieces;  consists 
principally  of  one  long,  narrow,  dingy 
street ;  and  has  a  post  office  under  Stirling, 
Established,  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
and  Baptist  churches,  and  a  large  public 
school.  Pop.  1654. — The  parish  contains 
also  Bannockburn  and  Cambusbarron 
towns,  and  Bannockburn-Muir,  Whins- 
of -Milton,  Bellfield,  Newhouse,  Plean, 
Torbrex,  Charterishall,  Greenyards,  and 
Auchinbowie  villages.  Its  length  is  13 
miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  nearly  8  miles  ; 
its  area  38,012  acres.  Keal  property  of 
landward  part  in  1880-81,  £59,243.  Pop. 
of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia,  10,423 ;  quoad 
sacra,  6105.  The  river  Forth,  except 
for  a  short  distance  contiguous  to  Stirling, 
traces  all  the  northern  boundary,  and 
effects  there  most  of  the  serpentine  wind- 
ings called  Links  of  Forth.  The  land,  in 
the  east,  is  nearly  all  carse  ;  in  the  middle, 
is  variously  undulating,  broken,  and  hil- 
iocky ;  in  the  west,  is  mostly  part  of  the 
Lennox  Hills,  either  moorish  or  poorly 
pastoral  Coal  abounds  and  is  extensively 
worked.  Chief  residences  are  Touch,  Pol- 
maise,  Craigforth,  Sauchie,  Auchintowie, 
Plean,  Throsk,  and  Carnock ;  chief  anti- 
quities are  a  Roman  road,  five  Roman 
camps,  and  ruins  or  vestiges  of  several 
baronial  fortalices ;  and  historical  places 
are  the  battlefields  of  Bannockburn  and 
Sauchie,  the  skirmish-field  of  Newhouse, 
and  part  of  the  battlefield  of  Stirling. 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches  are  at  Bannockburn,  an 
Established  church  is  at  Plean,  and  a  Free 
church  is  at  Cambusbarron.  Ten  schools 
for  1344  scholars,  besides  the  large  one  in 
the  town,  are  within  the  parish,  and  6  of 
them  for  940  are  new. 

NINIAN'S  (ST.),  island  in  Dunrossness 
parish,  Shetland. 

NINIAN'S  (ST.),  famous  spring  near  Lam- 
ington  village,  Lanarkshire. 

NINIAN'S  (ST.),  Episcopalian  cathedral 
in  Perth. 

NINIAN'S  (ST.),  site  or  remains  of 
ancient  chapels  in  Edinburgh,  Aberdeen, 
Bute  Island,  Sanday  Island,  St.  Ninian's 
parish,  St.  Vigeans  parish,  Penningham 
parish,  Loth  parish,  Urquhart  parish, 
Wick  parish,  and  other  parts  of  Scot- 
land. 

NINIAN'S  (ST.),  quondam  notable  hospital 
in  Gorbals,  Glasgow. 

NIPPES,  hill  in  New  Cumnock  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

NISBET,  hamlet  and  ancient  parish,  now 
in  Crailing,  Roxburghshire.  The  hamlet 
lies  adjacent  to  the  Teviot,  3f  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Jedburgh,  represents  an 
ancient  village  of  considerable  note,  and 
has  a  railway  station  and  a  recently  con- 
structed bridge. 

NISBET,  hamlet  on  the  Tyne,  4|  miles 
south-west  of  Haddington. 

NISBET,  seat,  2  miles  south-east  of 
Dunse,  Berwickshire. 


NISBET,  estate  in  Culter  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

NITH,  river,  partly  of  Ayrshire,  and 
partly  on  north-eastern  boundary  of  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire, but  chiefly  traversing 
western  district  of  Dumfriesshire.  It  rises 
7  miles  south-west  of  New  Cumnock  ;  runs 
11  miles  eastward  to  Kirkconnel ;  goes 
thence  chiefly  south-south-eastward  about 
39  miles  to  Solway  Firth  at  about  3  miles 
below  Glencaple  ;  and  is  tidal  and  navi- 
gable from  Dumfries  to  its  mouth.  But 
its  tides,  like  those  of  the  Solway,  4  flow 
with  a  bore  or  breast  of  water,'  and  make 
a  long  recess  at  the  reflux. 

NITHSDALE,  anciently  a  political  terri- 
tory of  shifting  limits,  more  or  less  com- 
mensurate with  the  basin  of  the  Nith,  and 
sometimes  called  Strathnith  ;  but  now  the 
western  one  of  the  three  great  divisions  of 
Dumfriesshire.  Yet  while  now  excluding 
the  portions  of  the  basin  within  Ayrshire 
and  Kirkcudbrightshire,  it  includes  the 
long  narrow  tract  drained  to  the  Solway 
by  Lochar  rivulet.  Nithsdale  gave  the 
title  of  earl  from  1620  till  1716  to  the 
family  of  Maxwell. 

NITHSIDE,  seat  in  Troqueer  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

NITSHILL,  village  in  Levern  vale,  4 
miles  south-east  of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 
It  adjoins  extensive  mineral  works,  and 
has  a  railway  station  and  a  Free  church. 
Pop.  1001. 

NIVINGSTONE,  place,  with  sandstone 
quarry,  in  Cleish  parish,  Kinross-shire. 

NOBLEHOUSE,  place,  3  miles  east-south- 
east of  Linton,  Peeblesshire.  It  has  a  head 
post  office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments. 

NOCHTY,  rivulet,  running  7  miles  south- 
eastward to  the  Don  in  Strathdon  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

NODDLE,  rivulet  in  Largs  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

NOE,  stream  traversing  Glennoe,  in  Ard- 
chattan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

NOIR,  lake  in  Dallas  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

NOLTLAND,  ruined  strong,  thick-walled, 
ancient  castle  on  north-west  coast  of  "Wes- 
tray  Island,  Orkney. 

NOOP,  bay  and  headland  in  north-west 
of  Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

NOOP,  mural  headland,  nearly  500  feet 
high,  on  east  side  of  Noss  Island,  Shetland. 

NORAN,  rivulet,  running  about  11  miles 
southward  and  east-south-eastward  to  the 
South  Esk  at  4  miles  west-by-south  of 
Brechin,  Forfarshire. 

NORANSIDE,  seat  on  Noran  rivulet, 
Forfarshire. 

NORMANDYKES,  trace  of  large  Roman 
camp,  perhaps  site  of  Roman  town,  on 
hill-top,  with  delightful  view,  in  Petercul- 
ter  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

NORMAN'S  LAW,  lofty  hill,  with  rough 
remains  of  ancient  fortification,  and  with 
charming  view,  4  miles  east-by-north  of 
Newburgh,  Fife. 


NOR 


353 


NOR 


NORRIE'S  LAW,  rising-ground,  where 
Roman  relics  have  been  found,  in  Largo 
parish,  Fife. 

NORRIESTON,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
village  6  miles  south-south-east  of  Cal- 
lander, Perthshire.  The  village  stands 
conjoint  with  Thoniiill,  and  has  a 
parochial  church  with  870  sittings,  and  a 
Free  church. — The  parish  includes  also 
Thornhill,  with  post  office  under  Stirling, 
and  a  large  public  school.    Pop.  1032. 

NORSHIELD,  farm,  with  pretty  entire 
ancient  circular  camp,  in  Eddlestone 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

NORTHBAR,  village,  2  miles  south-east 
of  Beith,  Ayrshire. 

NORTH  BARR,  estate,  with  site  of  old 
castle  of  Lords  Sempill,  in  Erskine  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

NORTH  BERWICK.  See  BERWICK 
(North). 

NORTH  BRITISH  RAILWAY,  extensive 
railway  system,  with  centres  in  Edinburgh 
and  Glasgow,  and  with  lines,  branches, 
and  connections  throughout  much  of 
Scottish  Lowlands,  southward  into  Eng- 
lish border,  and  northward  to  Aberdeen. 
It  was  originally  a  line  of  58  miles  from 
Edinburgh  to  Berwick,  with  branch  of  4 
miles  to  Haddington,  authorized  in  1844, 
and  opened  in  1846 ;  it  afterwards  in- 
cluded the  Edinburgh  and  Dalkeith,  16 
miles ;  the  Edinburgh  and  Hawick,  43J 
miles  ;  branches  to  Tranent,  Cockenzie, 
North  Berwick,  Dunse,  Selkirk,  Jedburgh, 
and  Kelso,  42  miles  ;  the  Peebles,  21  miles  ; 
and  two  lines  in  Cumberland,  21  miles  ;  it 
subsequently  acquired,  by  amalgamation, 
the  Edinburgh,  Perth,  and  Dundee,  the 
"West  of  Fife,  the  Monkland,  and  the 
Edinburgh  and  Glasgow,  together  with 
their  several  connections  and  branches ; 
it  includes  also  the  Border  Union  from 
Hawick  to  Carlisle,  the  Border  Counties 
from  Riccarton  to  Hexham,  the  "Wansbeck 
across  Northumberland,  the  Tay-Bridge 
line  from  Leuchars  to  Dundee,  the 
Arbroath  and  Montrose,  and  a  number  of 
recent  branches  ;  and  it  had,  in  1879-80, 
a  stock  and  share  capital  of  £22,650,016, 
an  ordinary  capital  of  £6,283,239,  and  a 
loans  and  debenture  stock  of  £7,272,857.. 
The  dividends  on  the  preference  shares,  in 
the  early  part  of  18S0,  notwithstanding 
the  loss  by  the  fall  of  the  Tay  bridge, 
were  paid  in  full ;  but  the  dividends  on 
the  ordinary  shares  were  then  nil,  and 
they  had  fluctuated  between  nil  and  4j 
per  cent  since  1873. 

NORTH  BUTE.    See  Bute  (North). 

NORTH  CALDER.   See  Calder  (North). 

NORTH  CHURCH,  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Paislev.    Pop.  7844. 

NORTHDALE,  place,  with  remains  of 
old  chapel,  in  North  Yell  parish,  Shetland. 

NORTH  ESK.    See  E-^K  (North). 

NORTHFIELD,  fishing  village  in  Cold- 
ingham  parish,  Berwickshire. 

NORTHFIELD,  seat  in  Annan  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 


NORTHFIELD,  seat  in  Duffus  parish, 
Elginshire. 

NORTHFIELD,  estate  in  Bower  parish, 
Caithness. 

NORTHFIELD,  old  mansion  at  west  end 
of  Prestonpans,  Haddingtonshire. 

NORTH  KNAPDALE.  See  Knapdale 
(North). 

NORTHMAVEN,  parish  in  north-west  of 
Shetland.  It  contains  the  post  office 
villages  of  Hillswick  and  OUaberry,  com- 
prehends northern  part  of  Mainland  and 
a  number  of  adjacent  islets,  and  measures 
16  miles  by  8.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£2274.  Pop.  2269.  An  isthmus  about 
100  yards  wide,  mostly  submerged  at 
spring  tides,  forms  the  sole  connection 
with  the  rest  of  Mainland.  The  coast  is 
indented  by  numerous  bays  ;  consists 
largely  of  high  precipitous  rocks  ;  presents 
to  the  west  a  series  of  lofty,  fissured, 
cavernous  cliffs  ;  is  flanked,  at  brief  dis- 
tance, by  many  skerries,  bold  islets,  and 
lofty  insulated  rocks  ;  and  exhibits  great 
diversity  and  force  of  romantic  scenery. 
The  interior  comprises  a  very  small  aggre- 
gate of  arable  land ;  consists  mostly  of 
rough  rising-grounds  and  bleak  hills  ;  and 
culminates  on  Rona  or  Roeness  Hili, 
1476  feet  high,  crowned  by  an  ancient 
watch-tower,  and  commanding  a  view  of 
nearly  all  Shetland.  Remains  of  other 
ancient  watch-houses,  and  remains  of 
barrows  and  dunes,  are  numerous.  The 
churches  are  the  parochial  with  about  600 
sittings,  2  mission  stations  on  the  Royal 
Bounty,  and  United  Presbyterian,  Con- 
gregational, and  Methodist  churches. 

NORTHMUIR,  village  in  Kirriemuir 
parish,  Forfarshire.    Pop.  315. 

NORTH  OF  SCOTLAND  RAILWAY 
(GREAT),  railway  system  north-west- 
ward and  northward  from  Aberdeen.  It 
originally  consisted  of  a  line  from  Aber- 
deen to  Huntly  opened  in  1S54,  a  branch 
from  Inverury  to  Old  Meldrum  opened  in 
summer  of  1856,  and  a  prolongation  from 
Huntly  to  Keith  opened  in  October  1856  ; 
but  it  now  comprises  also  a  prolongation 
from  Keith  to  Elgin,  the  Morayshire 
from  Craigellachie  to  Lossiemouth,  the 
Deeside  from  Aberdeen  to  Ballater,  a 
branch  from  Kintore  to  Alford,  a  line 
from  Inveramsay  to  Macduff,  and  a  line 
from  Dyce  Junction  to  Maud,  forking 
there  into  branches  to  Fraserburgh  and 
Peterhead.  Its  stock  and  share  capital  in 
1879-80  was  £2,960,724;  its  ordinary 
capital,  £87,791 ;  its  loans  and  debenture 
stock,  £956,807.  The  dividend  for  its 
ordinary  stock  in  January  18 ^0  was  1  per 
cent.:  at  end  of  next  half-year,  nil.  A 
branch  to  Buckie  was  projected  in  1881. 

NORTH  RONALDSHAY.  See  RoNALD- 
shay  (North). 

NORTH  TARRY,  seat  and  factory  in  St. 
Vigeans  parish,  Forfarshire. 

NORTH  TOLSTA,  place,  12  miles  north 
by-west  of  Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides.  It 
J   has  a  post  office  under  Stornoway. 


NOR 


354 


OBA 


NORTH  UIST.    See  Uist  (Nokth). 

NORTHWALL,  ancient  chapelry,  now 
part  of  Lady  parish,  Sanday  Island, 
Orkney. 

NORTH  WATER,  head-stream  of  the 
South  Esk,  Edinburghshire. 

NORTH  WATER,  river  North  Esk  in 
Forfarshire,  and  on  boundary  with  Kin- 
c&rciin6sliii'G 

NORTH  WATER  BRIDGE,  place,  3  miles 
north  of  Montrose,  Forfarshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Laurencekirk,  and  a 
railway  station. 

NORTHWEST  CASTLE,  seat  in  Inch 
parish,  Wigton  shire. 

NORTH  YELL.    See  Yell  (North). 

NORTON,  seat  in  Ratho  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

NORWICK,  bay,  public  school,  and 
ruined  old  church,  with  burying-place,  on 
east  side  of  Unst  Island,  Shetland. 

NOSS,  island,  less  than  \  mile  east  of 
Bressay,  Shetland.  It  measures  about  5J 
miles  in  circuit ;  consists  mostly  of  fertile 
pleasant  land  ;  has,  on  its  east  coast,  the 
lofty  mural  headland  of  Noop  ;  and  is 
separated  on  the  south-east  by  only  a 
narrow  chasm  from  the  tabular,  cliff-girt, 
lofty  islet  of  Holm-of-Noss.    Pop.  3. 

NOSS,  bold  rocky  promontory  on  south 
side  of  Sinclair  Bay,  3  miles  north-east  of 
Wick,  Caithness.  It  is  crowned  by  a 
lighthouse  with  revolving  light  visible  at 
the  distance  of  18  nautical  miles. 

NOTH,  lofty  conical  hill,  with  remains  of 
vitrified  fort,  in  Rhynie  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

NOTHLAND.    See  Noltland. 

NOVAR,  railway  station  and  seat,  6£ 
miles  north-by-east  of  Dingwall,  Boss- 
shire. 

NUNGATE,  suburb  of  Haddington.  Pop. 
564. 

NUNRAW,  seat  in  Garvald  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

NUNSBURGH,  headland,  hamlet,  and 
Scandinavian  burgh  in  Sandsting  parish, 
Shetland. 

NUN'S  CAVE,  cavern  marked  with 
crosses  in  Innimore  headland,  on  south 
coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

NUNS'  ISLAND,  islet  adjacent  to  Iona, 
Argylesbire. 

NUNS'  WELL,  one  of  three  famous 
springs,  surmounted  by  modern  pillars,  in 
Ladykirk  parish,  Berwickshire. 

NUNTON,  hamlet  on  Benbecula  Island, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Lochmaddy,  and  a  banking  office. 

NUNTOWN,  two  farms,  high  and  low, 
named  from  extinct  ancient  nunnery,  in 
Twynholm  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

NUTBERRY,  hill,  1712  feet  high,  6  miles 
south-west  of  Lesmahagow,  Lanarkshire. 

NUTHILL,  seat  about  a  mile  west  of 
Falkland,  Fife. 

NUTHOLM,  hill  in  St.  Mungo  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

NUTWOOD,  seat  in  Berrick  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire . 


OA,  peninsula  and  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
south-east  of  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 
The  peninsula  forms  the  south  -  eastern 
section  of  the  island ;  contains  on  its 
south-east  coast  the  village  of  Port-Ellen, 
with  post  office  under  Greenock ;  projects 
to  the  south  -  south  -  west  a  grand  lofty 
promontory  called  Mull  of  Oa ;  and  is 
crowned  at  extremity  of  that  promontory 
by  ruined  strong  ancient  fortalice. — The 
parish  comprehends  large  portion  of  the 
peninsula,  was  constituted  in  1849,  and 
has  a  modern  church  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  247. 

OAKBANK,  village  in  Kirknewton  parish, 
Edinburghshire.  It  adjoins  oil  -  works, 
and  has  a  public  school  with  about  76 
scholars.    Pop.  506. 

OAKFIELD,  village  in  Beath  parish,  Fife. 

OAKLEY,  village  and  seat,  4J  miles  west 
of  Dunfermline,  Fife.  The  village  is  en- 
tirely modern,  adjoins  extensive  iron- 
works, and  has  a  post  office  under  Dun- 
fermline, a  railway  station,  and  a  Roman 
Catholic  church.    Pop.  191. 

OAKSHAW,  hill  in  Abbey-Paisley  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

OAKWOOD,  ruined  ancient  tower  on 
Ettrick  river,  4  miles  south-west  of  Selkirk. 
It  belonged  to  the  Scotts  of  Harden,  and 
was  occupied  for  some  time  by  the  reputed 
wizard  Sir  Michael  Scott. 

OATFIELD,  hamlet  in  Campbelton  parish , 
Argyleshire. 

OATHLAW,  parish,  with  church  3 \ 
miles  north-by-east  of  Forfar.  It  contains 
Finhaven  hamlet,  is  itself  sometimes  called 
Finhaven,  measures  6  miles  by  3,  and  com- 
prises 5274  acres.  Real  property  in  1880- 
81,  £5649.  Pop.  440.  Much  of  the 
surface  is  low  land  adjacent  to  the  South 
Esk,  and  part  is  the  north  side  of  a  lofty 
hill.  Chief  antiquities  are  ruins  of  Fin- 
haven Castle,  and  remains  of  a  large 
Roman  camp.  The  public  school  has 
capacity  for  63  scholars. 

OATLANDS,  south-western  suburb  of 
Glasgow.  It  is  of  recent  origin,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
under  Glasgow,  a  chapel-of-ease,  and  a 
United  Presbyterian  church. 

OBAN,  coast  town  on  crescent  -  shaped 
bay  on  east  side  of  Firth  of  Lorn,  at 
terminus  of  Callander  and  Oban  Railway, 
39  miles  by  road  north-west  of  Inverary, 
and  45  by  water  north  of  Ardrishaig, 
Argyleshire.  It  was  founded  in  1791 ;  it 
had  a  rental  of  £1719  in  1847,  and  of 
£8423  in  1866 ;  it  made  rapid  increase  in 
subsequent  years,  and  underwent  great 
changes  in  connection  with  completion  of 
the  rail  way  to  it  in  1880  ;  it  acquired  ex- 
tensions of  its  harbour  in  sea-walls  and 
other  works  before  the  end  of  1881 ;  it 
came  to  be  regarded  by  some  spectators  as 
prospectively  a  '  Celtic  Liverpool '  ;  it  was 
bewailed  by  Professor  Blackie  in  October 
1879  as  undergoing  alterations  and  en- 
largements in  a  manner  most  detrimental 
to  its  beauty ;  it  comprises   streets  in 


OBB 


355 


OIK 


regular  alignment,  and  presents  a  fine 
frontage  to  the  bay  ;  it  enjoys  charming 
environs,  and  commands  near  or  ready 
access  to  many  objects  and  scenes  of  high 
interest ;  it  serves  as  the  central  point  for 
steam-vessel  communication  between  the 
Clyde  on  the  south  and  the  Deucaledonian 
sea  and  the  Caledonian  Canal  on  the 
north;  it  contains  numerous  hotels  and 
many  genteel  lodging-houses  ;  it  ranks  as 
a  parliamentary  burgh,  and  unites  with 
Inverary,  Campbelton,  Irvine,  and  Ayr  in 
sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  it  pub- 
lishes  2  weekly  newspapers  ;  and  it  has 
a  head  post  office  with  all  departments,  4 
banking  offices,  a  court-house,  2  Established 
churches,  Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Con- 
gregational, Episcopalian,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  290  scholars.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £20,054.    Pop.  3991. 

OBBE,  hamlet  and  salmon  -  stream  in 
Harris,  Outer  Hebrides.  The  hamlet  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  under  Stornoway. 

OBINAG,  semicircular  creek,  well- 
sheltered  harbour,  in  Glenshiel  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

OBNEY,  short  high  hill-range  in  Auch- 
tergaven  parish,  Perthshire. 

OCAL,  interesting  cavern  in  Ardna- 
murchan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

OCCLESTER,  place  of  cattle-markets  in 
St.  Andrews  parish,  Orkney. 

OCCUMSTER,  headland  near  Lybster, 
Caithness. 

OCHILS,  hill-range  east-north-eastward 
from  eastern  vicinity  of  Stirling  to  southern 
vicinity  of  Perth.  It  measures  about  24 
miles  in  length,  and  12  miles  in  mean 
breadth ;  it  culminates  in  Bencleuch  and 
Craigrossie  at  altitudes  of  2352  and  2859 
feet  above  sea-level ;  it  includes  carboni- 
ferous rocks  in  its  eastern  skirts,  but  con- 
sists mainly  of  traps,  with  much  variety 
and  value  of  rare  minerals ;  it  presents 
some  abrupt  bald  faces,  but  has  mostly 
roundish  verdant  shoulders  and  summits  ; 
and  it  is  so  cut  and  diversified  by  glens  and 
defiles  as  to  possess  abundance  of  fine  close 
scenery. 

OCHILTREE,  village  and  parish  in  Kyle 
district,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands  on 
the  Lugar,  4  miles  west  of  Cumnock ; 
made  some  figure  in  violent  scenes  of  early 
times  of  James  V. ,  and  in  the  insurrection 
of  the  Covenanters  in  1666 ;  gave  the 
peerage  title  of  baron  to  a  branch  of  the 
Stewarts  from  1543  till  1675 ;  and  now 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  depart- 
ment, under  Cumnock,  a  railway  station, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
large  public  school.  Pop.  523. — The  parish 
measures  8  miles  by  5,  and  comprises 
18,328  acres.  Real  property  in  1879-80, 
£20,066.  Pop.  1493.  The  surface  con- 
sists of  hill-ridges  and  intervening  vales 
or  dingles ;  and,  to  fully  two-thirds  of  its 
extent,  is  arable.  Ochiltree  Castle  is  ex- 
tinct, and  Auchendoich  Castle  is  a  ruin. 


There  are  2  schools  for  298  scholars,  and 
1  of  them  and  a  class-room  for  140  are  new. 

OCHILTREE,  eminence,  with  traces  of 
Roman  camp,  in  south-east  of  Linlithgow 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

OCHTERLONY,  seat  in  Rescobie  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

OCHTERTYRE,  seat,3|  miles  south-south- 
east of  Doune,  Perthshire.  It  was  visited 
by  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  Robert  Burns, 
and  it  has  delightful  grounds,  mentioned 
in  The  Lady  of  the  Lake. 

OCHTERTYRE,  seat  in  Monivaird  parish, 
Perthshire. 

OCHTO,  mission-station  in  Kincardine 
parish,  about  13  miles  from  Kincardine 
church,  Ross-shire. 

OCKREN,  headland  in  south-west  of 
Nor-thmaven  parish,  Shetland. 

ODAIRN,  sea-loch,  12  miles  south  of 
Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides. 

ODIN'S  CAVE,  vast  cavern  on  south  side 
of  Loch  Buy,  south  coast  of  Mull  Island, 
Argyleshire.  It  is  believed  to  have  been 
a  retreat  of  the  Scandinavian  pirates  ;  and 
it  gave  shelter  for  many  months  after  the 
battle  of  Culloden  to  Lord  Lovat. 

ODINSWICK.    See  Otterswick. 

ODNESS,  headland  on  east  side  of 
Stronsay  Island,  Orkney. 

OFFERS,  ruined  historical  bridge  on  the 
Forth,  5J  miles  west-by-north  of  Stirling. 

OGILFACE,  vestige  of  ancient  castle, 
seat  of  ancient  Barons  of  Ogilface,  in 
Torphichen  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

OGILVTE,  glen  and  quondam  castle  in 
Glammis  parish,  Forfarshire. 

OGILVY,  ruined  castle  in  Blackford  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

OGLE,  two  seats,  Easter  and  "Wester,  in 
Tannadice  parish,  Forfarshire. 

OGLE,  Perthshire.    See  Glenogle. 

OGSTON,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Drainie,  Elginshire. 

OICH,  lake  and  river  in  Great  Glen, 
Inverness-shire.  The  lake  commences  9 
miles  south-west  of  Fort-Augustus ;  is  3| 
miles  long,  and  from  \  furlong  to  2  fur- 
longs wide ;  lies  at  elevation  of  1000  feet 
above  sea-level ;  forms  the  summit-level 
of  Caledonian  Canal ;  contains  one  or  two 
wooded  islets ;  receives  on  its  north-west 
side  the  river  Garry ;  and  is  flanked  by 
green  banks  and  steep  lofty  hills.— The 
river  issues  from  the  lake,  and  runs  in 
curved  line  to  head  of  Loch  Ness  at  Fort- 
Augustus. 

OIKELL,  river,  rising  at  south  skirt  of 
Benmore-Assynt,  and  running  about  23 
miles  successively  south-eastward,  east- 
ward, and  east-south-eastward  to  head  of 
Kyle  of  Sutherland.  Its  basin  for  about 
half-way  is  wildly  Highland,  afterwards 
is  vale  or  strath  ;  its  current,  before  reach- 
ing the  vale,  makes  a  series  of  wild  cata- 
racts and  a  great  cascade  ;  and  its  waters, 
up  to  Rosehall,  are  navigable  by  boats, 
and  nearly  to  that  point  tidal.  The 
Dornoch  Firth,  commencing  in  Kyle  of 
Sutherland,  is  properly  the  Oikell's  estuary. 


OIS 


356 


ORA 


OISGIL,  bay  in  Kilmuir  parish,  Isle  of 
Skye. 

OISHNIE,  small  lake  in  Dowally  parish, 
Perthshire. 

OLA  (ST.),  landward  part  of  Kirkwall 
parish,  Orkney. 

OLD  ABERDEEN,  etc.  See  Aberdeek, 
etc. 

OLD  CAMBUS.    See  Aldcambus. 

OLDCASTLE,  fishing  village  in  Slains 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

OLD  CAULDRON,  very  deep  lake  in 
Dryfesdale  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

OLD  CUMNOCK,  etc.   See  Cumnock,  etc. 

OLD  FINGLAND,  early  affluent  of  the 
Tweed  in  Tweedsmuir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

OLDHALL,  quondam  ancient  tower  in 
Gargunnock  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

OLDHAMSTOCKS,  village  in  Hadding- 
tonshire, and  parish  partly  also  in  Ber- 
wickshire. The  village  stands  2^  miles 
west-south-west  of  Cockburnspath,  and 
18J  east-south-east  of  Haddington,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Cockburnspath, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  78  scholars.— The 
parish  contains  also  Bilsdean  village  ;  com- 
prehends a  main  body  mostly  in  Hadding- 
tonshire, and  a  detached  section,  If  mile 
to  the  south-east,  all  in  Berwickshire ; 
measures  about  6  miles  by  3  in  the  main 
body ;  and  comprises  6492  acres  in  Had- 
dingtonshire and  2345  in  Berwickshire. 
Real  property  in  1880,  £5295  and  £1856. 
Pop.  568.  The  surface  includes  1§  mile  of 
bold  rocky  coast,  and  an  adjacent  belt  of 
low  undulating  ground  ;  and  it  rises  thence 
first  into  a  succession  of  small  hills,  and 
afterwards  into  the  Lammermoors.  Chief 
objects  of  interest  are  the  mansion,  grounds, 
and  dean  of  Dunglass. 

OLDHAVEN,  small  cliff -screened  bay  in 
Gamrie  parish,  Banffshire. 

OLD  IRONWORKS,  village  in  Gladsmuir 
parish,  Haddingtonshire.    Pop.  211. 

OLD    KILPATRICK,    etc.      See  KlL- 

PATRICK,  etc. 

OLD  KIRK,  parish  in  Old  Town,  Edin- 
burgh.   Pop.  3136. 

OLDMORE,  hill,  with  about  300  in- 
habitants, in  Keith  parish,  Banffshire. 

OLDNEY,  island  and  harbour  in  Assynt 
parish,  Sutherland.    Pop.  4. 

OLD  PLACE,  village  in  Blantyre  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

OLD  RAYNE,  village,  9  miles  north-west 
of  Inverury,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Insch,  and  a  public  school 
Avith  about  80  scholars. 

OLD  ROME,  village  and  colliery  in 
Dundonald  parish,  Ayrshire. 

OLD  ROSEISLE,  hamlet  in  Duffus  parish, 
Elginshire. 

OLD  ROXBURGH.    See  Roxburgh. 

OLDSHIELDS,  estate,  with  remains  of 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Biggar  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

OLDSHOREMOLE,  place,  with  large 
public  school,  in  Edderachyllis  parish, 
Sutherland. 


OLDTOWN,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Kennethmont  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

OLDWALLS,  vestige  of  strong  old  tower 
in  Dryfesdale  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

OLD  WATER,  affluent  of  the  Cluden  on 
north-east  border  of  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

OLD  WIFE'S  POINT,  headland  on  north- 
west coast  of  Mull  Island,  Ar-gyleshire. 

OLGRINMORE,  place,  with  public  school 
and  site  of  ancient  chapel,  in  Halkirk 
parish,  Caithness. 

OLIVER,  seat  and  site  of  ancient 
baronial  fortalice  in  Tweedsmuir  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

OLIVER'S  KNOLL,  spot,  with  traces  of 
camp  ascribed  to  Cromwell,  on  Firth  of 
Forth,  near  Burntisland,  Fife. 

OLLABERRY,  hamlet  on  east  coast  of 
Northmaven  parish,  Shetland.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Lerwick,  a  chapel-of- 
eace,  a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and 
ruins  of  old  parochial  church. 

OLLA'S,  voe  or  bay  on  west  side  of 
Sandsting  parish,  Shetland. 

OLNAFIRTH,  bay  and  hamlet  in  Delting 
parish,  Shetland.  The  bay  strikes  east- 
ward from  south-east  part  of  St.  Magnus 
Bay,  and  is  about  5  miles  long. — The  ham- 
let lies  at  its  head,  and  has  an  Established 
church. 

OLRIG,  parish,  containing  Castletown 
post  town,  on  north  coast  of  Caithness. 
Its  length  is  about  5  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  3J  miles.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £9521.  Pop.  2002.  The  coast 
extends  along  Dunnet  Bay  to  within  2| 
miles  of  Thurso,  and  includes  some  sandy 
links.  The  interior  is  partly  flat,  partly 
hilly.  Olrig  Hill  rises  to  a  height  of  453 
feet,  has  vestiges  of  an  ancient  watch- 
tower,  and  commands  an  extensive  view. 
Flagstone  abounds,  and  is  very  largely 
quarried  and  exported.  The  seats  are 
Olrig,  Murkle,  and  Ratter.  The  site  of 
an  ancient  nunnery,  and  the  scene  of  a 
notable  battle  between  two  Scandinavian 
earls,  are  near  Murkle  ;  and  the  site  of  an 
ancient  church  dedicated  to  St.  Columba 
is  on  the  eastern  border.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  There  are  6 
schools  with  614  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  329  are  new. 

OMACHIE,  estate  in  Monifieth  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

OMOA,  village  with  ironworks,  3  miles 
east  of  Motherwell,  Lanarkshire. 

ONICH,  village  at  head  of  Loch  Linnhe, 
9  miles  south-south- west  of  Fort-William, 
Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Ballachulish,  and  a  public  school. 

OOA.    See  Oa. 

OPINAN,  hamlet  in  Gairloch  parish, 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  98  scholars. 

OPSAY,  islet  in  Sound  of  Harris, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

ORANGEFIELD,  seat  in  Monkton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

ORANSAY,  island  contiguous  to  south 
end  of  Colonsay,  and  4  miles  north-west 


ORA 


357 


ORK 


of  northern  extremity  of  Islay,  Argyle- 
shire.  It  is  separated  from  Colonsay  by 
only  a  narrow  channel,  dry  at  low-water  ; 
it  measures  about  2  miles  in  length,  and 
has  a  rugged  but  not  high  surface  ;  and  it 
contains  a  modern  mansion,  an  interesting 
ruined  ancient  priory,  a  beautiful  sculp- 
tured ancient  cross,  and  several  cairns. 

ORANSAY,  island  in  Loch  Sunart,  6  miles 
east-north-east  of  Tobermory,  Argyleshire. 

ORANSAY,  Inverness-shire.    See  IsLE- 
Oronsay. 

ORAN  (ST.).    See  IONA. 
ORBISTON,  estate  in  southern  vicinity 
of  Bellshill,  Lanarkshire.     It  contained 
the  quondam  Owenite  establishment  of 
New  Orbiston,  popularly  called  Babylon. 

ORBOST,  seat  in  Duirinish  parish,  Isle 
of  Skye. 
ORCADES.    See  Orkney. 
ORCHARD,   seat    in    Kilsyth  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

ORCHARD,  colliery  in  Carluke  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

ORCHARDTON,  seat  in  Kerrick  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ORCHARDTON,  small  bay  miles 
south-by-east  of  Wigton. 

ORCHIL,  estate  and  moor  in  Ardoch 
parish,  Perthshire. 

ORCHIL,  burn  in  Boharm  parish, 
Banffshire. 

ORCHY,  rivulet,  issuing  from  Loch 
Tolla  and  running  about  14  miles  south- 
westward  and  westward  to  north-east 
horn  of  Loch  Awe,  Argyleshire. 

ORD,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  south- 
western vicinity  of  Banff.  It  has  a 
church  of  about  1836,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  158  scholars.    Pop.  851. 

ORD,  abrupt,  broad,  lofty  hill,  rising 
sheer  from  the  sea  on  mutual  border  of 
Caithness  and  Sutherland.  It  forms  the 
commencement  of  the  Morven  mountains, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  public  road,  rising 
in  very  steep  gradients  to  an  elevation  of 
about  1200  feet. 

ORD,  receding  rocky  headland,  about 
500  feet  high,  in  south  of  Bressay  Island, 
Shetland. 

ORD,  southern  part  of  Mullbuy,  Ross- 
shire.    See  Moor-of-Ord. 

ORD,  abrupt  hill  in  east  side  of  Drum- 
oak  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

ORD,  seat  in  Urray  parish,  Koss-shire. 

ORDBAN,  isolated  wooded  hill  near 
west  end  of  Rothiemurchus  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

ORDFUNDLIE,  hill  in  Kincardine-O'Neil 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

ORDHEAD,  place  near  Tillyfourie  rail- 
way station,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  department,  under 
Aberdeen. 

ORDIE,  lake  in  Dowally  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

ORDIE,  rivulet,  running  about  7  miles 
south-eastward  to  the  Tay  in  vicinity  of 
Luncarty,  Perthshire. 

ORDIQUHILL,  parish,  containing  Corn- 


hill  post  office  and  railway  station  and 
Corncairn  village,  in  Banffshire.  Its 
length  is  3|  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  -\ 
miles ;  its  area  4754  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £3477.  Pop.  714.  The 
surface  is  partly  flat,  partly  tumulated, 
and  includes  north-east  side  of  Knock 
Hill,  1409  feet  high.  The  only  mansion  is 
Park.  The  churches  are  Established  and 
Free.  There  are  two  schools  with  capacity 
for  192  scholars. 

ORE,  rivulet,  running  about  16  miles 
east-by -northward  to  the  Leven  at  3  miles 
west  of  Leven  town,  Fife.    See  Lochore. 

ORE-BRIDGE,  place  with  chemical 
works  on  Ore  rivulet,  2|  miles  north  of 
Dysart,  Fife. 

ORKIE,  seat  near  Kettle,  Fife. 
ORKNEY,  archipelago  separated  by  Pent- 
land  Firth  from  north  coast  of  Caithness. 
Its  length  northward  is  37  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  27  miles ;  its  area  510 
square  miles.    It  comprises  the  main  island 
of  Pomona,  2S  other  inhabited  islands,  38 
pastoral   islands,   and    a   multitude  of 
skerries,  and  it  embraces  an  aggregate  of 
intersecting  sea  not  much  greater  than  the 
aggregate  of  its  land.    The  northern  third 
of  it  lies  beyond  a  belt  of  sea  about  5  miles 
in  mean  breadth,  is  much  less  compact 
than  the  rest,  and  bears  the  name  of 
North  Isles.    The  coast-line,  in  much  of 
the  west  of   the  southern    two -thirds, 
consists  of  bold  high  cliffs ;  but  in  nearly 
all  other  parts  is  almost  constantly  cut  or 
carved  into  constant  diversity  of  headlands 
and  bays.    The  land  in  the  south-west 
is  grandly  upland,  almost  mountainous  ; 
toward  the  south-east  subsides  into  suc- 
cessively hills,  slopes,  and  plains ;  and  in 
the  north  is  mostly  low,  and  either  undu- 
lating or  flat.    The  archipelago  was  known 
to  the  Romans  as  Orcades  ;  appears,  from 
its  antiquities,  to  have  been  originally 
occupied  by  Celts ;  seems  to  have  lost  its 
Celtic  population    before    the  time  of 
Agricola  ;  became  a  haunt  of  Scandinavian 
pirates  towards  close  of  third  century,  c  r 
early  in  the  fourth;  was  annexed  io 
Norway  in  latter  part  of  ninth  century  ; 
became  subject  in  920  to  the  first  of  a  Ion.; 
line  of  independent  Scandinavian  jarls  or 
earls ;   passed  afterwards  to  another  line 
of  earls  connected  with  Scotland  ;  becarru , 
through  that  line,  at  beginning  of  fifteenth 
century,  an  annexation  to  the  Scottish 
crown  ;  and  has  thenceforth  been  part  of 
the  Scottish  kingdom.     It  unites  with 
Shetland  in  sending  a  member  to  Parlia- 
ment, and  is  under  the  same  sheriff  as 
Caithness ;  but  in  all  other  respects  it  is 
a  separate  county,  and  has  its  own  sheriff- 
substitute.    Its  only  towns  are  Kirkwall 
and  Stromness,  and  its  only  village  with 
more  than  300  inhabitants  is  St.  Margaret's 
Hope ;  but  it  both  forms  of  itself  a  great 
fishery  district,  and  has  commercial  im- 
portance in  Kirkwall  being  a  head  sea- 
port.   Real  property  in  1880-81,  £77,527. 
Pop.  in  1871,  31,274  ;  in  1881,  32,037. 


ORM 


358 


OUT 


ORMIDALE,  watering-place  on  west  side 
of  Loch  Riddan.  It  lies  5f  miles  north- 
west of  Rothesay  ;  is  of  recent  formation  ; 
has  steamboat  pier,  hotel,  and  villas  ;  and 
is  near  Ormidale  mansion. 

ORMISTON,  village  and  parish  on  west 
border  of  Haddingtonshire.  The  village 
stands  near  Macmerry  railway,  1\  miles 
south  of  Tranent,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Pencaitland,  a  railway  station,  an 
old  cross,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  65  scholars. 
Pop.  378. — The  parish  measures  4^  miles 
by  3J,  and  comprises  3444  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £7416.  Pop.  1026. 
The  surface  is  low  and  flat.  Ormiston 
Hall  is  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Hopetoun. 
A  female  public  school  is  at  East  Paiston. 

ORMISTON,  barony,  with  site  of  Border 
tower,  in  Eckford  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

ORMISTON  -  HILL,  seat  in  Kirknewton 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

ORMOND,  isolated  rocky  knoll,  site  of 
ancient  castle,  in  Avoch  parish,  Ross-shire. 
It  gave  the  title  of  Marquis  to  second  son 
of  James  ill. 

ORMSARY,  seat,  and  post  office  under 
Ardrishaig,  in  South  Knapdale  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

ORONSAY.    See  Oeansay. 

ORPHIR,  parish,  averagely  9  miles  south- 
west of  Kirkwall,  Orkney.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Kirkwall ;  and  it  comprehends 
a  sea-board  tract  on  Pomona  measuring 
about  7  miles  by  3J,  and  the  island  of 
Cava,  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £2749. 
Pop.  1013.  The  mainland  coast  includes 
Houton  head,  about  300  feet  high,  but  all 
elsewhere  is  nearly  level ;  and  the  interior 
is  an  assemblage  of  vales  and  hills,  the 
latter  culminating  at  about  700  feet  above 
sea-level,  and  commanding  fine  views.  A 
chief  residence  is  Claistran  Hall ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  ruins  of  Earl  Paul's 
palace,  remains  of  Romish  chapels,  and 
several  tumuli.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished and  Free ;  and  there  are  2  new 
public  schools  with  capacity  for  150 
scholars. 

ORR.    See  Oke  and  Ukr. 

ORREA,  quondam  Roman  station  at 
confluence  of  the  Tay  and  the  Almond, 
Perthshire. 

ORRIN,  river,  running  about  27  miles 
east-north-eastward  to  the  Conan  at  4^ 
miles  south-south-west  of  Dingwall,  Ross- 
shire. 

ORROCK,  lofty  hill,  partly  with  basaltic 
colonnades,  in  Burntisland  parish,  Fife. 

ORROLAND,  seat  in  Rerrick  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ORSAY,  or  OVERSAY,  islet  adjacent  to 
Rhinns  Point,  at  south-west  extremity  of 
Islay  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  is  crowned  by 
a  lighthouse,  with  flashing  light  visible  at 
the  distance  of  17  nautical  miles.  Pop.  15. 

ORTON,  estate,  with  post  office  under 
Fochabers,  railway  station,  and  mansion 
on  the  Spey,  9|  miles  south-east  of  Elgin. 

ORWELL,  parish,  containing  Milnathort 


post  town  and  Middleton  village,  in  north 
of  Kinross-shire.  Its  length  is  8f  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  3f  miles ;  its  area 
13,133  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£18,736.  Pop.  2031.  The  southern  section 
is  a  level,  diversified  by  gently  swelling 
heights  ;  and  the  northern  one  has  braes 
in  the  east,  and  includes  a  portion  of 
the  Ochils  in  the  west.  About  8000  acres 
are  in  tillage.  Chief  objects  of  interest 
are  Burleigh  Castle,  near  Milnathort,  and 
remains  of  a  huge  cairn  on  one  of  the 
Ochils.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  ;  and  there 
are  2  schools  with  capacity  for  340  scholars. 

OSCAR,  small  bay  on  west  side  of 
Lismore  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a 
group  of  islets  in  its  mouth,  and  it  forms 
a  sheltered  natural  harbour. 

OSNABURGH,  village,  3  miles  north- 
east of  Cupar,  Fife. 

OSPISDALE,  seat  in  Criech  parish, 
Sutherland. 

OSSE,  lofty  insulated  rock,  with  great 
natural  arch,  off  south-west  coast  of 
Northmaven,  Shetland. 

OSSIAN'S  GRAVE,  old  stone-faced  small 
cavity  in  deep  narrow  pass  of  G-lenalmond, 
Perthshire.  It  got  its  name  from  the 
sheer  fancy  of  some  antiquaries. 

OSSIAN'S  HALL,  summer-house  so  placed 
and  furnished  as  to  reflect  startlingly  a 
contiguous  foaming  cataract  of  the  river 
Bran,  about  \\  mile  west  of  Dunkeld, 
Perthshire. 

OTTER,  sandbank,  quay,  ferry,  mansion, 
and  public  school  on  east  side  of  Loch 
Fyne,  6  miles  east  of  Ardrishaig,  Argyle- 
shire. The  sandbank  is  about  1800  yards 
long,  seems  to  be  due  to  conflicting  cur- 
rents, and  is  nearly  all  bare  during  six 
hours  of  ebb  spring  tide. 

OTTERBURN,  farm  in  Longformacus 
parish,  Berwickshire.  It  contests  with 
Otterburn  in  Northumberland  the  claim 
of  having  been  the  battlefield  between 
Douglas  and  Hotspur. 

OTTERSTON,  seat  and  lake  in  Dalgetty 
parish,  Fife. 

OTTERSWICK,  bay,  3J  miles  long,  with 
good  anchoring-ground,  in  north  of  Sanday 
Island,  Orkney. 

OTTERVORE,  bay  and  sound,  sprinkled 
with  islets,  at  north  end  of  Barra  group, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

OUAM,  small  lake  in  Monivaird  parish, 
Perthshire. 

OUCHAN,  lake,  3  miles  long,  on  south- 
east border  of  Lochaber,  Inverness-shire. 

OUDE,  rivulet,  running  4 \  miles  south- 
westward  from  Loch  Trallaig  to  head  of 
Loch  Melfort,  Argyleshire. 

OUPLAYMOOR,  place  near  Neilston, 
Renfrewshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow. 

OUSIE,  or  USSIE,  isleted  lake  on  shoulder 
of  Knockfarrel,  on  south  side  of  Strath- 
petfer  valley,  Ross-shire. 

OUTER  HEBRIDES.    See  Hebrides. 

OUTER  HIGH.  See  Paul  (St.),  Glasgow. 


OUT 


359 


PAI 


OUT-SKERRIES,  islet  group  north-east 
of  Whalsay,  Shetland.    See  Housie. 

OVERBERVIE.    See  Glenbeevie. 

OVERBIE,  Roman  camp  in  Eskdalemuir 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

OVERBRAE,  hill,  with  great  turbary, 
in  King-Edward  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

OVERLEE,  farm  on  which  an  ancient 
subterranean  village  was  discovered  about 
1812,  on  the  White  Cart,  3  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Pollockshaws,  Renfrewshire. 

OVERSAY.    See  Oksay. 

OVERTON,  town,  3^  miles  north-west 
of  Carluke,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  "Wishaw,  a  railway  station,  a 
depot  for  Lesmahagow  coal,  and  a  recent 
steepled  quoad  sacra  parochial  church. 
Pop.  of  town,  1293;  of  quoad  sacra 
parish,  2051. 

OVERTON,  suburb  of  Johnstone,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

OVERTON,  village  in  Dreghorn  parish, 
Ayrshire.    Pop.  413. 

OVERTON,  section  of  Smailholm  village, 
Roxburghshire. 

OVERTON,  seat  near  Strathaven,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

OXCLEUGH,  burn,  entering  foot  of  Loch 
of  the  Lowes,  Selkirkshire. 

OXENFORD,  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Stair, 
4£  miles  east-south-east  of  Dalkeith, 
Edinburghshire. 

OXGANG,  estate,  with  ruined  old 
parochial  church,  in  south-eastern  vicinity 
of  Kirkintilloch,  Dumbartonshire. 

OXHILL,  burn  and  medicinal  spring  in 
Rathven  parish,  Banffshire. 

OXNA,  island,  4  miles  south-west  of 
Scalloway,  in  Shetland.    Pop.  30. 

OXNAM,  rivulet,  hamlet,  and  parish  in 
Roxburghshire.  The  rivulet  rises  among 
the  Cheviot  Hills,  and  runs  about  10  miles 
northward  to  the  Teviot  at  6  miles  south- 
south- west  of  Kelso. — The  hamlet  lies  on 
the  rivulet,  4  miles  south-east  of  Jedburgh, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Jedburgh, 
a  parochial  church,  and  a  public  school. 
— The  parish  measures  10  miles  by  5,  and 
comprises  21,190  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £12,643.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
683 ;  quoad  sacra,  638.  The  southern 
section  is  a  lofty  part  of  the  Cheviot  Hills, 
and  the  northern  one  is  much  diversified 
with  green  conical  hills  and  numerous 
narrow  ravines.  Chief  objects  of  interest 
are  a  long  reach  of  the  Roman  Watling 
Street,  two  Caledonian  stone  circles,  several 
old  circular  camps,  and  ruins  of  an  old 
castle.  There  are  2  schools  with  capacity 
for  176  scholars. 

OXNOR,  island  in  Tingwall  parish,  Shet- 
land. 

OXTON,  village,  4|  miles  north-north- 
west of  Lauder,  Berwickshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Lauder. 

OYKELL.    See  Oikell. 

OYNE,  village  and  parish  in  Garioch 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village  stands 
25  miles  north-west  of  Aberdeen,  and  has  a 
post  office  designated  of  Aberdeenshire,  a 


railway  station,  a  large  suite  of  factories, 
a  conspicuous  modern  parochial  church, 
a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
capacity  for  150  scholars.  The  parish 
measures  about  6  miles  by  3J,  and  com- 
prises 10,131  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £5898.  Pop.  962.  The  surface 
is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Shevock, 
on  the  north-east  by  the  Ury,  on  the  south 
by  the  Don ;  and  it  includes  about  three- 
fourths  of  the  great  mountain  Bennochie. 
About  3200  acres  are  in  tillage,  and  the 
rest  is  vai-iously  woodland,  good  pasture, 
moor,  and  bare  rock.  Chief  residences 
are  Westhall,  Pittodrie,  and  Tillyfour ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  the  ruined  ancient 
fortalice  of  Harthill  and  three  Runic 
stones. 


PABBAY,  island  off  mouth  of  Broadford 
Bay,  north-east  side  of  Isle  of  Skye.  It 
measures  nearly  3  miles  in  circuit,  has  a 
fiattish  surface  less  than  60  feet  high,  and 
is  engirt  with  low  reefs. 

PABBAY,  island  in  north-west  end  of 
Harris  Sound,  Outer  Hebrides.  It 
measures  about  7  miles  in  circuit,  rises 
conically  to  a  height  of  about  800  feet, 
and  has  been  much  damaged  by  storm  and 
sand-drifts. 

PABBAY,  island,  5  miles  north-north- 
east of  south-western  extremity  of  Outer 
Hebrides.  It  measures  about  4^  miles  in 
circuit,  consists  of  a  single  hill,  and  rises 
to  a  height  of  about  800  feet.    Pop.  26. 

PABBAY,  islet,  with  ruins  of  ancient 
nunnery,  in  Uig  parish,  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

PACKMAN,  quondam  island  in  the 
Clyde,  now  part  of  Scotstown  lands,  near 
Renfrew. 

PAD,  tabular-topped  hill,  854  feet  high, 
with  grand  panoramic  view,  in  south- 
eastern vicinity  of  Neilston,  Renfrewshire. 

PADANARAM,  village  in  Kirriemuir 
parish,  Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Forfar,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  53  scholars. 

PAISLEY,  town  and  parishes  in  upper 
ward  of  Renfrewshire.  The  town  stands 
on  the  White  Cart,  6f  miles  west  of  Glas- 
gow ;  covers  the  site  of  the  Roman  station 
Vanduara,  with  commencement  of  iter 
thence  to  Antoninus'  Wall ;  sprang  from 
an  abbey  founded  in  1163  by  the  High 
Steward  of  Scotland ;  was  originally  a 
village  for  use  of  the  abbey's  retainers,  all 
situated  on  the  Cart's  right  bank,  and  now 
represented  by  Seedhill  suburb  ;  spread 
thence  to  the  left  bank,  and  gradually 
extended  there  into  large  town  and  new 
suburbs  ;  stands  partly  there  on  a  gentle 
hill-ridge,  but  everywhere  else  on  low 
ground ;  enjoys  charming  environs,  with 
rich  immediate  scenery,  and  exquisite,  ex- 
tensive, panoramic  views ;  ranks  as  the 
political  capital  of  upper  ward  of  Renfrew- 
shire, a  burgh  sending  a  member  to  Parlia- 
ment, and  a  great  seat  of  textile  manufac- 


PAI 


360 


PAN 


ture  ;  measures  nearly  2  miles  in  length, 
and  fully  1|  mile  in  breadth  ;  exhibits  an 
urban  centre  and  almost  rural  outskirts, 
compact  and  straggling  sections,  regular 
and  irregular  thoroughfares  and  intermix- 
tures of  old  and  new;  is  traversed  from 
side  to  side  by  a  high  railway  viaduct 
overlooking  much  of  its  interior;  was 
designed  in  1877  to  undergo  material  im- 
provement by  widening  and  otherwise 
altering  narrow  streets  ;  contains  a  number 
of  imposing  public  edifices ;  publishes  a 
daily  newspaper  and  three  weekly  news- 
papers ;  has  a  head  post  office,  with  all 
departments,  2  sub  post  offices,  with  money 
order  department,  a  central  railway  sta- 
tion on  expansion  of  the  high  viaduct,  7 
banking  offices,  4  hotels,  a  beautiful  public 
park  of  about  22  acres  opened  in  May 
1877,   8   Established    churches,   7  Free 
churches,  6  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
12  churches  of  other  denominations,  an 
endowed  educational  institution,  a  grammar 
school  or  academy,   10  primary  public 
schools,  a  number  of  other  schools,  and  a 
free  public  library  and  museum  ;  and  is 
notable  for  the  great  number  of  distin- 
guished natives  who  have  emerged  from  it 
into  almost  every  part  of  the  field  of  fame. 
The  County  Buildings  were  erected  in 
1818-22  at  a  cost  of  £28,000,  and  enlarged 
about  1860  at  a  cost  of  £10,000.    The  New 
Town  Hall  was  erected  in  1879-82  at  a  cost 
of  between  £80,000  and  £100,000,  and  has  a 
large  tower  and  an  imposing  aspect.  The 
waterworks  have  extensive  reservoirs  of 
1837  among  Gleniffer  braes,  acquired  a 
large  new  one  in  1879-80,  and  were  to  be 
enlarged  in  and  after  1881  at  an  estimated 
cost  of  £100, COO.    The  Abbey  church  was 
burnt  by  the  English  in  1307,  was  rebuilt 
in  portions  till  about  middle  of  15th  cen- 
tury,  survives  in  main  parts  of  much 
architectural  and  monumental  interest,  has 
been  used  in  its  nave  as  a  parochial  church 
since  the  Reformation,  and  was  designed 
in  1882  to  undergo  renovation.    The  High 
Established  church  stands  conspicuously 
on  the  hill-ridge,  and  has  a  lofty  steeple. 
The  High  Free  church  is  in  the  Norman 
style,  and  has  a  massive  tower.  The 
Underwood    Road    United  Presbyterian 
church  was  erected  in  1881,  and  is  a  steepled 
cruciform  edifice.     The  endowed  educa- 
tional institution,  like  the  High  Established 
church,  figures  conspicuously  on  the  hill- 
ridge,  and  is  a  large  edifice  in  form  of  a 
Greek  cross  surmounted  by  a  dome.  The 
free  public  library  and  museum  was  erected 
in  1869-71  at  a  cost  of  £15,000.    The  Good 
Templars'  halls  were  built  in  1880  at  a  cOst 
of  about  £6500.    The  new  cemetery  com- 
prises 23  acres  of  high  undulated  ground, 
is   richly  embellished,   and    contains  a 
number  of  interesting  monuments.  Real 
property  of  the  burgh  in  1880-81,  £206,334. 
Pop.  55,627.— The  parishes  are  Abbey, 
High,  Low,  and  Middle.    The  Abbey  par- 
ish includes  part  of  the  town,  but  extends 
far  beyond  it,  and  has  been  separately 


noticed.  The  other  three  parishes  lie 
wholly  in  the  town,  and  comprise  respec- 
tively 259,  94,  and  517  acres.  Pop.  17,914, 
and  7095,  and  13,117. 

PAISTON,  or  PEASTON,  two  small 
villages,  East  and  West,  and  ancient 
barony,  in  Ormiston  parish,  Haddington- 
shire. East  Paiston  has  a  public  school 
with  about  40  scholars. 

PALACE,  vestige  of  ancient  strong  resi- 
dence of  Bishops  of  Caithness,  in  western 
vicinity  of  Thurso,  Caithness. 

PALACE-BRAE,  site  of  ancient  mansion 
of  Duke  of  Athole's  ancestors,  2  miles  east 
of  Dollar,  Clackmannanshire. 

PALACE-CRAIG,  village,  with  colliery 
and  ironstone  pits,  near  Faskine,  Lanark- 
shire. 

PALDY,  ancient  chapelry,  now  part  of 
Fordoun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

PALHARROW,  rivulet,  running  to  the 
Ken,  in  Kells  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

PALKILL,  or  PENKILL,  rivulet,  running 
about  9??  miles  westward  and  southward 
to  the  Cree  at  Minnigaff  village,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

PALMALLET,  place,  with  two  large 
beautiful  caverns,  on  Sorbie  coast,  Wig- 
tonshire. 

PALNACKIE,  seaport  village  at  head  of 
Urr  estuary,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Dalbeattie,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  88  scholars. 

PALNURE,  rivulet  and  railway  station 
in  west  of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  rivulet 
runs  about  10  miles  south-westward  to  the 
Cree  at  4  miles  south-south-east  of  Minni- 
gaff village ;  and  the  station  stands  near 
the  rivulet  at  3^  miles  east  of  Newton- 
Stewart. 

PANANICH.    See  Pannanich. 

PANBRIDE,  parish,  containing  Muir- 
drum  post  office  village,  "Westhaven 
suburb  of  Carnoustie,  Easthaven  village, 
and  Gallowlaw  and  Newton  -  Panbride 
hamlets,  on  south-east  coast  of  Forfar- 
shire. Its  length  is  5  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  2j  miles ;  its  area  5199  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £12,533.  Pop. 
1395.  The  coast  is  flat  and  very  rocky ; 
and  the  interior  has  a  flatfish  surface, 
rising  slowly  towards  the  north-west,  and 
tracked  by  deep  rocky  course  of  two  burns. 
The  only  mansion  is  Panmure  House,  a 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Dalhousie  ;  and  the 
only  noticeable  antiquity  is  the  vestige 
of  Panmure  Castle,  long  the  residence 
of  the  Earl  of  Panmure,  whose  peerage 
originated  in  1646  and  was  forfeited  in 
1716.  The  churches  are  Established  and 
Free ;  and  there  are  4  schools  with 
capacity  for  204  scholars. 

PANHOPE,   excellent  natural  harbour 
on  east  side  of  Flotta  Island,  Orkney. 
PANMURE.    See  Panbride. 
PANNANICH,    place,    with  medicinal 
springs  and  accommodation  for  visitors, 
1£  mile  east  of  Ballater,  Aberdeenshire ; 
also  a  hill-range  whence  the  springs  flow. 
PANTETH,  small  hill,  with  extensive 


PAP 


361 


PAR 


view  and  vestige  of  ancient  watch-tower, 
in  Mouswald  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

PAPA,  small  island  about  a  mile  north 
of  Burra,  Shetland. 

PAPA,  sound,  about  a  mile  broad,  be- 
tween Mainland  and  Papa-Stour,  Shetland. 

PAPA,  sound  between  Stronsay  and 
Fapa-Stronsay,  Orkney.  It  projects  a 
bay  into  Stronsay,  and  forms  an  excellent 
harbour. 

PAPAL,  headland  and  small  bay  at 
north  extremity  of  Yell,  Shetland. 

PAPA-STOUR,  island  and  ancient  parish 
in  west  of  Shetland.  The  island  lies  on 
south  side  of  mouth  of  St.  Magnus  Bay ; 
exhibits  grand  coast  scenery  of  crags, 
caverns,  and  stacks ;  was  the  seat  of  an 
early  Culdee  establishment  for  evangelizing 
Shetland  ;  and  now  has  a  post  office  under 
Lerwick,  an  Established  church,  a  Metho- 
dist chapel,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
57  scholars.  Pop.  254. — The  parish  is  now 
united  to  Walls. 

PAPA- STRONSAY,  island  off  north-east 
of  Stronsay,  Orkney.  It  measures  about 
3  miles  in  circuit,  is  flat  and  fertile,  and 
contains  vestiges  of  two  ancient  chapels. 
Pop.  23. 

PAPA-WESTRAY,  island,  1J  mile  east 
of  northern  extremity  of  Westray,  Ork- 
ney. It  measures  miles  in  length  and 
about  1  mile  in  breadth ;  consists  mostly 
of  very  fertile  land  ;  forms  at  its  northern 
extremity  the  bold,  lofty  Mull  of  Papa ; 
was  the  place  where  Thorsin,  Earl  of 
Caithness,  slew  Bonald,  Earl  of  Orkney  ; 
and  contains  a  post  office  under  Kirkwall, 
Holland  mansion,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  two  ruined  ancient  churches,  a 
public  school  with  about  68  scholars,  three 
vitrified  cairns,  and  a  very  large  Picts' 
house.    Pop.  345. 

PAPIGOE,  marine  offset  in  Wick  Bay, 
Caithness. 

PAPLAY,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Holm,  Orkney. 

PAPPLE,  estate,  with  remains  of  ancient 
monastery,  in  Whittingham  parish,  Had- 
dingtonshire. 

PAPS  OF  CAITHNESS,  summits  of  Mor- 
ven  Mountains,  the  loftiest  2331  feet  high, 
on  south  border  of  Caithness. 

PAPS  OF  JURA,  conical  peaks  of  three 
mountains,  the  loftiest  2566  feet  high, 
in  Jura  Island,  Argyleshire. 

PARADISE,  remains  of  beautiful  plea- 
sure-grounds, laid  out  in  1719,  in  Mony- 
musk  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

PARALLEL  ROADS.    See  GLENROY. 

PARBROATH,  vestige  of  ancient  castel- 
lated mansion  in  Creich  parish,  Fife. 

PARF,  district  between  Kyle  of  Dur- 
ness and  the  Atlantic,  in  Durness  parish, 
Sutherland. 

PARISHOLM,  trace  of  ancient  fortress 
near  skirts  of  Cairntable  Mountain,  in 
Douglas  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

PARK,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with  massive 
Gothic  church  of  1861,  in  west  of  Glasgow. 
Pop.  7538. 


PARK,  village  in  Closeburn  parish, 
Dumfriesshire.    Pop.  67. 

PARK,  rivulet,  running  to  right  side  of 
the  Nith  in  southern  vicinity  of  Drum- 
lanrig  Castle,  Dumfriesshire.  It  is  men- 
tioned in  lines  traditionally  ascribed  to 
Thomas  the  Rhymer. 

PARK,  principal  head-stream  of  Rotten 
Calder,  Lanarkshire. 

PARK,  seat  in  Ordiquhill  parish,  Banff- 
shire. 

PARK,  seat  in  Drumoak  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

PARK,  seat  near  the  Clyde,  2f  miles 
north-west  of  Renfrew. 

PARK,  ancient  castle  in  western  vicinity 
of  Glenluce,  Wigtonshire. 

PARK,  place,  with  medicinal  spring,  on 
west  side  of  Blantyre  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

PARK,  farm,  with  ancient  camp,  in 
Garvald  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

PARK,  place,  with  numerous  standing 
stones,  supposed  to  commemorate  a  san- 
guinary clan-fight  of  15th  century,  in 
Fodderty  parish,  Ross-shire. 

PARK,  or  FOREST,  large  south-eastern 
section  of  Lochs  parish,  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

PARKEND,  quondam  village  in  Cold- 
stream parish,  Berwickshire. 

PARKFOOT,  small  suburb  of  Falkirk, 
Stirlingshire.    Pop.  319. 

PARKFOOT,  village  in  Denny  parish, 
Stirlingshire.    Pop.  360. 

PARKGATE,  place,  8  miles  north-north- 
east of  Dumfries.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under 
Dumfries. 

PARKHEAD,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
suburb,  nominally  2  miles  east  of  Glasgow. 
It  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Glasgow,  a 
railway  station,  Established,  United  Pres- 
byterian, and  Congregational  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  155  scholars. 
The  United  Presbyterian  church  was  built 
in  1877.    Pop.  of  the  parish,  8572. 

PARKHEAD,  suburb  of  Beilshill,  Lanark- 
shire. 

PARKHEAD,  affluent  of  Douglas  river, 
Lanarkshire. 

PARKHILL,  village  in  Kilmuir-Easter 
parish,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Boss-shire. 

PARKHILL,  railway  station,  mansion, 
and  public  school  with  about  92  scholars, 
7h  miles  north  of  Aberdeen. 

"PARKHILL,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

PARKHILL,  seat  in  Polmont  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

PARKHOUSE,  hill,  with  ancient  Cale- 
donian stone  circle,  in  Old  Deer  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

PARKNOOK,  village  on  south-east  verge 
of  Dunfermline  parish,  Fife. 

PARK  PLACE.    See  Park,  Wigtonshire. 

PARNASSUS,  two-topped  hill  in  More- 
battle  parish,  Roxburghshire. 


PAR 


362 


PEA 


PARNEY,  burn,  crossed  by  double-arched 
viaduct,  one  arch  above  the  other,  at  about 
2  miles  north-north-east  of  Auchterarder, 
Perthshire. 

PARSONS,  wooded  lake,  with  ruins,  in 
Kilninver  parish,  Argyleshire. 

PARSONS,  medicinal  spring,  near  Park, 
in  Drumoak  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

PARSON'S-GREEN,  small  suburb,  adja- 
cent to  north  gate  of  Queen's  Park,  Edin- 
burgh.   Pop.  120. 

PARTICK,  suburban  police  burgh,  on 
right  side  of  the  Kelvin,  adjacent  to  wes- 
tern extremity  of  Glasgow  city.  It  stands 
from  2  to  9  furlongs  south-west  of  Glasgow 
New  University  ;  was,  till  a  recent  period, 
anisolated,unimportant  village ;  contained, 
in  the  Romish  times,  a  residence  of  the 
Archbishops  of  Glasgow  ;  retains  extensive 
flour-mills,  on  ground  given  to  the  Glasgow 
bakers  for  aids  rendered  at  the  battle  of 
Langside ;  includes  a  small  dingy  ancient 
portion,  but  consists  chiefly  of  airy  modern 
streets,  with  numerous  outskirting  villas  ; 
is  partly  traversed  by  a  viaduct  of  Stobcross 
branch  railway ;  communicates  with  the 
city  and  Whiteinch  by  tramway  cars  ;  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Glasgow,  3 
banking  offices,  a  spacious  town-hall  of 
1872,  2  Established  churches,  2  Free 
churches,  3  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
Methodist  and  Eoman  Catholic  churches, 
an  academy,  and  3  public  primary  schools. 
The  churches  are  all  modern ;  several  are 
steepled  and  ornamental ;  and  one  of  the 
Free,  one  of  the  Established,  and  the 
Methodist  were  built  in  respectively  1879, 
1877,  and  1881.  Pop.  with  Whiteinch, 
27,394. 

PARTON,  village  and  parish  near  centre 
of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  village  stands 
on  the  Dee,  7  miles  north-north-west  of 
Castle-Douglas,  and  has  a  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Kirkcudbrightshire,  a  railway 
station,  a  parochial  church  with  418  sit- 
tings, and  a  public  school  with  about  77 
scholars. — The  parish  contains  also  Corsock 
village,  measures  about  6£  miles  by  5,  and 
comprises  15,841  acres.  Peal  property  in 
1880-81,  £10,155.  Pop.  716.  The  surface 
is  very  uneven,  includes  a  considerable 
ridge  about  4  miles  long,  and,  to  the  extent 
of  more  than  one-third,  is  chiefly  heath 
and  moss.  Five  landowners  are  resident. 
The  chief  antiquities  are  two  ditch-encircled 
artificial  mounds,  two  cairns,  remains  of 
a  Caledonian  stone  circle,  and  ruins  of 
Corsock  Castle.  A  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  and  a  Free  church  are  at  Corsock. 

PATAIG.    See  Pattaig. 

PATAVIEG,  small  lake  in  Rosskeen  par- 
ish, Ross-shire. 

PATERSON,  dangerous  insulated  rock, 
fully  a  mile  in  circuit,  about  1|  mile  east- 
by-south  of  Sanda  Island,  off  south-eastern 
extremity  of  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

PATH,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Minnigaff  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

PATHHEAD,  suburban  town  adjacent 


to  north-east  end  of  Kirkcaldy,  Fife.  It 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Kirkcaldy, 
a  banking  office,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church,  2  Free  churches,  an  Evangelical 
Union  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  440  scholars,  and  was  designed  in 
June  1882  to  have  a  neat  new  town  hall. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  2871;  of  the  quoad 
sacra  parish,  3930. 

PATHHEAD,  village  on  the  Tyne,  5 
miles  south-east  of  Dalkeith,  Edinburgh- 
shire. It  adjoins  Ford,  with  post  office 
under  Dalkeith,  and  United  Presbyterian 
church ;  and  it  has  a  grand  five-arched 
bridge.    Pop.  583. 

PATHHEAD,  village,  contiguous  to  New 
Cumnock  village,  in  New  Cumnock  parish, 
Ayrshire.    Pop.  532. 

PATHHEAD,  seat  near  Lesmahagow, 
Lanarkshire. 

PATH-OF-CONDIE,  or  PATHSTRUIE, 
village,  4  miles  east-south-east  of  Dimn- 
ing,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Bridge  of  Earn,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
40  scholars. 

PATIEMUIR,  village  in  Dunfermline 
parish,  Fife. 

PATIE'S  MILL,  place  near  Galston, 
Ayrshire. 

PATNA,  village  and  quoad  sacra  parish, 
on  north  border  of  Carrick,  Ayrshire. 
The  village  stands  on  the  Doon,  9|  miles 
south-east  of  Ayr,  is  maintained  chiefly 
by  mining  of  coal  and  ironstone,  and  has 
a  post  office  with  money  order  department 
under  Ayr,  a  railway  station,  Established 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  an 
endowed  school.  Pop.  603.  The  pa.rish 
was  constituted  in  1877.    Pop.  1179. 

PATRICKHOLM,  seat  near  Larkhall, 
Lanarkshire. 

PATTAIG,  alpine  stream,  running  from 
Benaulder  forest  to  head  of  Loch  Laggan, 
Inverness-shire.  It  expands,  about  mid- 
way of  its  course,  into  a  considerable  lake. 

PAUL  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  Dundee. 
Pop.  7051. 

PAUL  (ST.),  parish  in  Perth.  Pop.  3009. 

PAUL  (ST.),  or  OUTER  HIGH,  parish, 
with  Established  and  Free  churches,  in 
north  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  quoad  sacra,  6622. 

PAUL  YARD,  burn  in  Walston  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

PAVILION,  marine  seat  of  Earl  of 
Eglinton,  in  Ardrossan,  Ayrshire. 

PAVILION,  seat  on  left  bank  of  the 
Tweed,  in  Melrose  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

PAXTON,  village  on  the  Whitadder, 
5  miles  west  of  Berwick.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Berwick,  and  is  believed  to 
be  the  scene  of  the  song  '  Robin  Adair.' 
Paxton  House,  in  its  vicinity,  is  a  fine  edifice 
of  latter  part  of  last  century.    Pop.  240. 

PEARSIE,  seat  in  Kingoldrum  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

PEASE-DEAN,  deep,  wooded,  romantic 
ravine  in  Cockburnspath  parish,  Berwick- 


PEA 


363 


PEE 


shire.  It  was  regarded,  in  the  times  of 
the  international  wars,  as  a  strong  defence 
against  invasion  by  the  English ;  it  could 
then  be  crossed  only  by  difficult  zig-zag 
paths ;  and  it  is  now  crossed  by  a  bridge 
300  feet  long  and  127  feet  high,  and  by  a 
railway  viaduct  120  feet  high. 

PEASTON.    See  Paiston. 

PEATHILL,  ridge  of  Benchinnan 
Mountains,  descending  from  summit-line 
15  miles  south-eastward  to  a  point  7  miles 
north-west  of  Brechin,  Forfarshire. 

PEATIE,  hamlet  in  Kettins  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

PEATIE,  affluent  of  Bervie  rivulet, 
Kincardineshire. 

PEAT  INN,  place,  6i  miles  from  Cupar, 
Fife.    It  has  a  post  office  under  Cupar. 

PEATLAW,  mountain,  miles  north- 
west of  Selkirk. 

PEATLAW,  one  of  the  Lammermoor  Hills, 
9^  miles  south  of  Dunbar,  Haddingtonshire. 

PEBBLE,  hill  and  medicinal  spring  in 
Kirkmabreck  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

PECHSTANE,  cromlech  about  2| 
miles  north-north-east  of  Chirnside, 
Berwickshire. 

PEDDIESTON,  place  in  Cromarty 
parish,  Cromartyshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  70  scholars. 

PEEBLES,  town  in  Peeblesshire  and 
parish  partly  also  in  Selkirkshire.  The 
town  stands  on  left  bank  of  the  Tweed, 
at  influx  of  Eddlestone  rivulet,  22  miles 
by  road,  but  27  by  railway,  south  of 
Edinburgh ;  was  probably  founded  by 
either  ancient  or  Romanized  Caledonians  ; 
appears  first  on  record,  about  beginning  of 
12th  century ;  had  then  a  royal  castle, 
and  was  long  thence  an  occasional 
residence  of  Scottish  kings  and  princes ; 
flourished  much  in  connection  with  royal 
hunts  around  it,  famous  games  called 
f  Peebles  at  the  Play,'  and  a  great  annual 
fair  or  festival  of  Beltane  ;  suffered  great 
injury  from  English  armies  in  1406  and 
1545  ;  is  now  a  favourite  resort  of  anglers, 
tourists,  and  summer  residents ;  ranks  as 
a  royal  burgh  and  the  political  capital  of 
Peeblesshire;  unites  with  its  own  county 
and  the  rural  parts  of  Selkirkshire  in 
sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  2 
railway  stations,  3  banking  offices,  and  6 
hotels ;  has  also  a  hydropathic  establish- 
ment, erected  at  a  cost  of  £70,000,  and 
opened  in  1881  ;  publishes  a  weekly 
newspaper ;  contains  county  buildings 
of  1844,  a  town-hall,  a  corn-exchange, 
Established,  Free,  Episcopalian,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  2  United 
Presbyterian  chui'ches,  remains  of  2 
ancient  churches,  Chambers'  Institution, 
3  public  schools  with  about  533  scholars, 
and  remnant  of  ancient  town  wall.  The 
games  of  '  Peebles  at  the  Play  '  are 
mentioned  in  King  James  i.'s  poem  of 
Christ's  Kirk  on  the  Green.  One  of  the 
hotels  dates  from  1(553,  and  figures  as 
'Meg  Dods"  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  St. 


Bonan's  Well.  The  Established  church 
dates  from  1784,  has  a  massive  steeple, 
and  was  designed  in  1877  to  be  improved 
at  a  cost  of  £9000.  One  of  the  two 
ancient  churches  dates  from  at  least  1170, 
was  probably  erected  on  the  site  of  a 
Culdee  cell,  and  is  now  represented  mainly 
by  a  ruined  tower ;  and  the  other  dates 
from  1261,  acquired  a  new  steeple  at  the 
Reformation,  and  is  now  represented 
mainly  by  that  steeple.  Chambers' 
Institution  is  partly  a  monastic  edifice 
of  ancient  date,  partly  a  structure  of 
1857-59  ;  was  in  its  ancient  portion  the 
scene  of  the  romantic  incident  narrated 
in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Maid  of  Neidpath ; 
includes,  in  a  court-yard,  an  interesting 
ancient  cross  which  formerly  stood  in 
High  Street ;  comprises  public  hall,  public 
reading-room,  public  library,  art  gallery, 
and  natural  history  museum  ;  and  was 
presented  to  the  town  by  Dr.  William 
Chambers,  and  opened  in  1859.  A  five- 
ai'ched  ancient  bridge  spans  the  Tweed 
at  the  town,  and  was  improved  in  1835. 
The  streets  are  partly  old  and  dingy,  but 
principally  modern,  well  -  built,  and 
pleasant ;  and  the  environs  consist  chiefly 
of  green  hills  and  interesting  vales,  and 
abound  in  woods,  parks,  walks,  and  pictur- 
esque close  scenes.  Real  property  of  the 
burgh  in  1880-81,  £10,579.  Pop.  3495.— 
The  parish  measures  10  miles  by  6,  and 
comprises  13,425  acres  in  Peeblesshire  and 
3172  in  Selkirkshire.  Real  property  in 
1880-81  of  landward  part  in  Peeblesshire, 
£13,517;  of  part  in  Selkirkshire,  £107. 
Pop.  of  the  whole,  4059.  The  surface  in- 
cludes fine  reaches  of  vale  along  the  Tweed 
and  the  Eddlestone,  but  consists  partly 
of  heathy  uplands  and  chiefly  of  verdant 
pleasant  hills.  Principal  seats  are  Hay- 
ston,  Kings  Meadows,  Kerfield,  Rosetta, 
Venlaw,  Winkstone,  and  Swintonbank ; 
and  principal  antiquities  are  Neidpath, 
Horsburgh,  and  Shieldgreen  castles, 
remains  of  a  Roman  camp,  vestiges  of 
other  camps,  and  a  great  group  of 
monumental  stones.  Seven  schools  for 
8G5  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  en- 
largements of  them  for  152  are  new. 

PEEBLES  RAILWAY,  railway,  18|  miles 
long,  from  Peebles  northward  to  junction 
with  the  North  British  at  Eskbank.  It 
was  authorized  in  1853,  constructed  at  a 
cost  of  about  £4500  per  mile,  and  opened 
in  1855  ;  and  it  was  amalgamated  with  the 
North  British  in  1876,  on  terms  of  fixed 
dividend  of  8  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  and  5  per  cent,  on  the  preference 
shares. 

PEEBLESSHIRE,  or  TWEEDDALE,  inland 
county  immediately  south  of  Mid-Lothian. 
Its  length  is  30  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
25  miles ;  its  circumference  about  110 
miles  ;  its  area  356  square  miles.  The 
lowest  ground  is  a  long  portion  of  the 
Tweed's  vale  from  400  to  500  feet  above 
sea-level ;  a  considerable  aggregate  of 
ground,  a  little  higher,  lies  along  the 


PEE 


364 


PEN 


course  of  tributary  streams  ;  the  rest  of 
the  land  is  chiefly  an  assemblage  of  hills, 
hill-groups,  hill-ridges,  and  mountain- 
ranges  ;  and  the  southern  border  is  a 
dense  portion  of  Hartfell  Mountains,  with 
the  loftiest  summits  of  Southern  High- 
lands. Only  about  one-seventh  is  arable, 
and  a  larger  portion  of  the  rest  is  either 
bleakly  pastoral  or  altogether  waste. 
Two  coal-fields  are  in  the  north-west,  but 
greywacke  slate  predominates  everywhere 
else.  The  Tweed  rises  in  the  extreme 
south-west,  and  curves  through  the  centre 
to  the  extreme  east ;  and  all  the  other 
streams,  with  three  trivial  exceptions, 
are  tributaries  of  the  Tweed.  The  chief 
lake  is  St.  Mary's  Loch,  touching  the 
south-east  boundary  for  about  a  mile  ; 
and  the  chief  mineral  spring  is  the 
famous  St.  Ronan's  Well  at  Innerleithen. 
Sheep  husbandry  is  conspicuous  ;  tillage 
husbandry  is  skilful ;  and  woollen  manu- 
facture figures  well  at  Innerleithen  and 
"Walker-burn.  The  only  towns  are  Peebles 
and  Innerleithen,  and  the  only  villages 
with  each  more  than  500  inhabitants  are 
"Walkerburn  and  Linton.  The  territory 
belonged  to  the  Caledonian  Gadeni,  was 
included  in  the  Roman  Valentia,  passed 
to  the  kingdoms  of  Strathclyde  and 
Northumbria,  and  was  made  a  county  in 
loth  century ;  and  it  possesses  numerous 
monuments  of  all  successive  times  from 
the  Roman  to  the  mediaeval.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £153,096.  Pop.  in  1871, 
12,330;  in  1881,  13,819. 

PEELBOG,  or  PEEL-RING,  large,  cir- 
cular, ancient  fort,  in  marshy  hollow,  in 
Lumphanan  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

PEEL-FELL,  mountain,  1964  feet  high, 
on  east  border  of  Castleton  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

PEEL  -  OF  -  GARFARRAN,  remains  of 
Roman  fort  at  west  end  of  Flanders  Moss, 
in  Drymen  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

PEEL  -  OF  -  GARGUNNOCK,  quondam 
strong  fort,  scene  of  exploit  of  Sir  William 
Wallace,  adjacent  to  the  Forth,  5J  miles 
west  of  Stirling. 

PEEL-RING.    See  Peelbog. 

PEELWALLS,  seat  in  Ayton  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

PEESWEEP-ROW,  village  adjacent  to 
Roughrigg,  Lanarkshire. 

PEFFER,  rivulet,  traversing  Strathpeffer 
eastward  to  head  of  Cromarty  Firth, 
Ross-shire. 

PEFFER  (EAST),  rivulet,  running  about 
8  miles  north-eastward  to  the  sea  at  4f 
miles  north-north-west  of  Dunbar,  Had- 
dingtonshire. 

PEFFER  (WEST),  rivulet,  running  about 
7  miles  westward  to  head  of  Aberlady  Bay, 
Haddingtonshire. 

PEINDINAVAIG,  lofty  hill  on  east  side 
of  Portree  harbour,  Isle  of  Skye. 

PEINDUIN,  remains  of  castle  of  16th 
century  on  insulated  rock  in  Snizort  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

PEINGOWEN,  lands,  with  site  of  ancient 


pipers'  college,  in  Kilmuir  parish,  Isle  of 
Skye. 

PEIRCETON.    See  Pierceton. 

PELAIG,  headland  on  east  side  of  low- 
most  reach  of  Loch  Fyne,  Argyleshire. 

PELPHRIE,  rivulet,  running  about  6£ 
miles  east-north-eastward  to  West  Water 
at  5J  miles  north  -  by  -  west  of  Brechin, 
Forfar. 

PENCAITLAND,  two  villages  and  parish 
in  west  of  Haddingtonshire.  The  villages 
are  Easter  and  Wester;  they  stand  on 
opposite  banks  of  the  Tyne,  3|  miles  south- 
east of  Tranent,  and  communicate  with 
each  other  by  a  bridge ;  and  they  have  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
designated  of  Mid-Lothian,  an  old.  cross,  an 
inn,  Established  and  Free  churches,  and 
2  public  schools  with  about  79  scholars. 
— The  parish  contains  also  Newton  village, 
measures  6j  miles  by  4,  and  comprises 
5075  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£9566.  Pop.  1107.  The  surface  is  low, 
fertile,  and  embellished.  The  rocks  are 
carboniferous,  and  yield  abundance  of  coal, 
limestone,  and  sandstone.  The  seats  are 
Winton  House,  Pencaitland  House,  and 
Fountainhall.  Four  schools,  with  capacity 
for  283  scholars,  are  in  the  parish. 

PENCREST,  pyramidal  mountain  on 
south  -  east  border  of  Teviothead  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

PENERSAX,  estate  in  Middlebie  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

PENICUICK,  town  and  parish  on  south 
border  of  Edinburghshire.  The  town 
stands  on  the  North  Esk,  10  miles  by 
road,  but  15|  by  railway,  south  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  adjoins  large  structures  used  as 
depots  for  French  prisoners  of  war,  and 
afterwards  converted  into  paper-mills  and 
an  iron  foundry  ;  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  a  terminal  railway 
station,  a  banking  office,  a  good  inn,  a 
spacious  parochial  church  founded  in  1771, 
and  largely  improved  in  1880,  a  Free 
church  of  1863,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  of  1869,  an  Episcopalian  church 
founded  in  1881,  and  a  large  public  school. 
Pop.  3793. — The  parish  excludes  small 
part  of  the  town,  but  includes  Howgate 
village  and  the  larger  part  of  Kirkhill ; 
and  it  measures  about  9§  miles  by  5^,  and 
comprises  18,880  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £26,226.  Pop.  5309.  The 
north-western  half  consists  of  a  portion  of 
the  Pentland  Hills,  ascending  to  some  of 
the  loftiest  summits,  and  intersected  by 
glens  and  vales ;  and  the  south-eastern 
half  is  much  diversified,  includes  much  of 
the  beautiful  upper  vale  of  the  North  Esk, 
and  comprises  variously  parks,  well- 
cultivated  lands,  bleak  pastures,  moors, 
and  wastes.  Limestone  and  sandstone 
have  been  largely  worked,  and  coal 
abounds  but  is  much  dissevered  by 
'  faults. '  Penicuick  House,  a  florid 
Grecian  edifice,  is  the  seat  of  Sir  George 
D.  Clerk,  Bart. ,  and  has  in  its  grounds  an 
obeliskal  monument  of  Allan  Ramsay  and 


PEN 


3G5 


PEN 


a  lofty  circular  observatory  tower.  New- 
hall  House  includes  part  of  an  ancient 
strong  castle,  and  adjoins  the  scenery  of 
Ramsay's  Gentle  Shepherd.  Beveiaw 
House,  Eavensnook  Castle,  Brunstane 
Castle,  and  Logan  House  are  interesting- 
antiquities.  A  United  Presbyterian 
church  is  at  Howgate.  Eight  schools 
for  990  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1 
of  them  and  an  enlargement  for  154  are 
new. 

PENIELHEUGH,  isolated  hill,  624  feet 
high,  on  left  side  of  the  Teviot,  oh,  miles 
north  of  Jedburgh,  Roxburghshire.  It 
has  vestiges  of  two  Roman  camps,  and  is 
crowned  by  cylindrical  column,  150  feet 
high,  commemorative  of  the  peace  won  at 
"Waterloo. 

PENKILL,  seat  in  Dailly  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

PENKILL,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  See 
Palkill. 

PENKILN,  farm,  with  ancient  burying- 
ground  and  ruined  ancient  church,  in 
Sorbie  parish,  "Wigtonshire. 

PENMANSHIEL,  estate,  with  railway 
tunnel  780  feet  long,  on  south  border  of 
Cockburnspath  parish,  Berwickshire. 

PENNAN,  burn,  bay,  and  fishing  village 
in  Aberdour  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  Pop. 
279. 

PENNERSAUGHS,  ancient  parish,  now 
part  of  Middlebie,  Dumfriesshire. 

PENNINGHAM,  parish,  containing  New- 
ton-Stewart town,  on  north-east  border  of 
Wigtonshire.  Its  length  is  15  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  6£  miles  ;  its  area  33,448 
acres.  Real  property. in  1880-81,  £22,536. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3940;  quoad  sacra, 
3777.  The  surface  extends  from  boun- 
dary with  Ayrshire  southward  between 
rivers  Cree  and  Bladenoch ;  is  mostly 
tumulated  and  moorish ;  presents  almost 
everywhere  a  bleak  appearance  ;  and  in- 
cludes, in  the  south-east,  an  extensive 
moss.  A  chief  residence  is  Penningham 
House ;  others  are  Corsbie,  Corvisal,  and 
Merton  Hall;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
ruins  of  Castle-Stewart,  an  ancient  chapel, 
and  an  old  parochial  church.  The  places 
of  worship  are  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  Episcopalian,  and  Roman 
Catholic,  all  in  Newton-Stewart.  There 
are  11  schools  for  989  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  for  135  is  new. 

PENNIWHIGATE,  affluent  of  Gala  river 
at  Stow  village,  Edinburghshire. 

PENNON.    See  Pennan. 

PENNYCROSS,  seat  in  Kilfinichen  parish, 
Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

PENNYCUICK.    See  Penicuick. 

PENNYGHAEL,  place  in  south-west  of 
Mull  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Oban. 

PENNYGOWAN,  bay.  south-south-east  of 
Aros,  on  east  coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

PENNYMORE,  seat  on  Loch  Fyne,  6 
miles  south-west  of  Inverary,  Argyleshire. 
PENNYMUIR,  place  of  Border  trysts, 


with  camp  on  Roman  road,  in  east  of 
Oxnam  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

PENPONT,  village  and  parish  in  Upper 
Nithsdale,  Dumfriesshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Scarr  rivulet,  2  miles  west-south- 
west of  Thornhill ;  had  a  Roman  bridge, 
destroyed  in  1801 ;  and  has  now  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Thornhill,  a  parochial 
church,  2  Free  churches,  a  Reformed 
Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  137  scholars.  Pop.  437.— The 
parish  contains  also  Burnhead  hamlet, 
measures  13J  miles  by  4,  and  comprises 
21,961  acres."  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£8667.  Pop.  1176.  The  western  half 
'  contains  numerous  hills,  variously  smooth 
and  rugged,  ascends  to  watersheds  with 
summits  1657  and  1813  feet  high,  and  is 
altogether  pastoral ;  and  the  eastern  half 

|   has  diversity  of  surface,  with  very  little 

I  flat  or  low  ground,  includes  part  of  Drum- 
lanrig  ducal  park,  and  exhibits  a  charming 

j  appearance.  Chief  summits  in  the  west 
are  the  picturesque  ones  of  Glenquhargen 

I  and  Cairnkinna  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
Tibbers  Castle,  traces  of  a  Roman  cause- 
way, vestiges  of  a  Roman  camp,  four  large 
cairns,  two  moats,  and  a  pedimented, 
faintly-sculptured  obelisk.  A  United  Pres- 
byterian church  is  at  Burnhead ;  and  3 
schools,  with  capacity  for  233  scholars,  are 
in  the  parish. 

PENRIA,  hill,  with  ancient  circular  for- 
tification, in  Newlands  parish,  Peebles- 
shire. 

PENRIOCH,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Kilmorie  parish,  Arran  Island,  Bute- 
shire. 

PENSHIEL,  ancient  chapelry,  with  ruined 
baronial  residence,  in  Whittingham  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

PENSTON,  village  in  centre  of  rich  coal- 
field, 3  miles  east  of  Tranent,  Haddington- 
shire. 

PENTECOX,  hamlet  in  Newton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

PENTLAND,  two  hamlets  and  ancient 
parish  in  Edinburghshire,  and  hill-range 
partly  also  in  Peeblesshire.  The  hamlets 
are  Pentland  and  New  Pentland,  and  they 
stand  near  each  other,  each  about  5|  miles 
south  of  Edinburgh.  —  The  parish  was 
suppressed  after  the  Reformation,  and  is 
now  divided  between  Lasswade  and  Glen- 
cross. — The  hill-range  commences  suddenly 
at  about  4  miles  south -by -west  of  Edinburgh ; 
extends  about  12  miles  south-south-west- 
ward ;  has  a  mean  breadth  of  about  4  miles ; 
rises  mostly  to  altitudes  of  from  1300  to 
1839  feet ;  is  cut  by  ravines  and  hollows 
into  numerous  sections ;  embosoms  many 
a  piece  of  fine  close  landscape ;  contains, 
near  its  north  end,  copious  springs  and 
large  reservoirs  of  Edinburgh  water- works ; 
and  commands,  from  that  end,  magnificent 
views  over  Edinburgh  and  Firth  of  Forth 
to  distant  sky-lines. 

PENTLAND,  firth  and  skerries  between 
Scottish  mainland  and  Orkney.    The  firth 


PEN 


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is  a  strait  or  sound,  connecting  the  German 
Ocean  with  the  Atlantic  ;  measures  about 
17  miles  in  length,  and  from  6  to  8  miles 
in  width,  but  expands  at  middle  of  north 
side  into  Scalpa  Flow ;  and  is  swept  by 
such  rapid  tides  and  occasional  whirlpools 
as  to  make  large  demands  on  the  experi- 
ence, skill,  and  vigilance  of  navigators. 
— The  skerries  are  two  islets  and  some 
insulated  rocks  near  middle  of  the  firth's 
east  end  ;  and  the  largest  islet  is  crowned 
by  two  lighthouses,  100  feet  apart,  with 
fixed  lights  visible  at  the  distance  of  18 
and  19  nautical  miles.    Pop.  17. 

PENTLAND  (NEW).  See  Pentland, 
Edinburghshire. 

PENTON,  grand  cataract  on  Liddel  river, 
on  boundary  between  Dumfriesshire  and 
England,  about  6  miles  south-east  of 
Langholm.  It  takes  its  name  from  a 
village  on  the  English  side. 

PENWHERRY.    See  Pinwherry. 

PERCETON.    See  Pierceton. 

PERCHHALL,  partially-drained  lake  in 
Applegarth  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

PERCY,  one  of  the  Cheviots,  in  More- 
battle  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

PERK,  hill,  with  cairns  supposed  to  be 
memorials  of  Macbeth's  fatal  battle,  in 
Lumphanan  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

PERSIE,  quoad  sacra  parish,  averagely 
about  miles  north  of  Blairgowrie, 
Perthshire.  It  contains  Ballintuim 
hamlet,  with  post  office  under  Blair- 
gowrie, and  a  lofty  hill  of  its  own  name, 
with  good  medicinal  spring  ;  and  it  has  a 
church  of  1785,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  29  scholars.    Pop.  715. 

PERTH,  city  and  four  parishes  in  Perth- 
shire. The  city  stands  on  the  Tay,  39 
miles  by  road,  but  45  by  railway,  north- 
north-west  of  Edinburgh ;  is  believed  by 
some  antiquaries  to  date  from  or  before 
the  Roman  times,  either  on  its  present 
site  or. on  one  at  influx  of  the  Almond  to 
the  Tay  ;  was  either  founded  or  refounded 
about  beginning  of  13th  century,  and  bore 
for  some  time  the  name  of  St.  John's 
Town  or  St.  Johnstone ;  figured  promi- 
nently, with  eventful  issues,  throughout 
the  wars  of  the  Succession ;  had,  periodi- 
cally or  frequently,  the  status  of  the 
metropolis  of  Scotland,  for  a  long  time 
prior  to  the  reign  of  James  ill.  ;  was,  as 
described  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Fair  Maid 
of  Perth,  the  scene  of  a  great  judicial 
combat  in  the  time  of  Robert  ill. ;  was 
also  the  scene,  in  1437,  of  the  murder  of 
James  1. ;  in  1600,  of  the  event  known  as 
the  Gowrie  conspiracy ;  in  1623,  of  the 
burning  of  three  women  for  alleged  witch- 
craft ;  in  1617  and  1632,  of  pompous 
demonstrations  at  visits  of  James  VI.  and 
Charles  1. ;  served  as  a  centre  of  military 
operations  by  the  Marquis  of  Montrose, 
Oliver  Cromwell,  the  Chevalier  St. 
George,  and  Prince  Charles  Edward  ;  gave 
the  title  of  earl  from  1605  to  the  family 
of  Drummond,  forfeited  in  1746,  and 
restored  in  1853 ;  was  publicly  visited  by 


Queen  Victoria  in  1842,  and  became  her 
stated  halting-place  in  her  journeys  to  and 
from  the  Highlands ;  ranked  long  as  the 
centre  of  traffic  between  the  Lowlands  and 
the  Highlands ;  ranks  now  as  a  seat  of 
manufacture,  a  head  port,  a  nexus  of  rail- 
way communication,  a  grand  centre  for 
tourists,  a  seat  of  justiciary  courts,  the 
political  capital  of  Perthshire,  and  a  burgh 
sending  one  member  to  Parliament ; 
publishes  3  weekly  newspapers  and  2 
twice  a  week ;  and  has  a  head  post  office 
with  all  departments,  a  sub  post  office 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, a  railway  station  with  convergent 
lines  from  all  parts  of  the  kingdom, 
8  banking  offices,  8  principal  hotels, 
many  imposing  public  edifices,  7  Estab- 
lished churches,  5  Free  churches,  4. 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  Original 
Secession,  Congregational,  Evangelical 
Union,  Baptist,  Methodist,  and  Uni- 
tarian churches,  an  Episcopalian  cathe- 
dral, 2  other  Episcopalian  places  of  wor- 
ship, 2  Roman  Catholic  churches,  19 
schools  with  capacity  for  4933  scholars, 
and  a  number  of  important  institutions. 

The  burgh  comprises  the  ancient  city 
and  modern  environs  on  right  bank  of  the 
Tay,  the  suburb  of  Bridgend  on  left  bank, 
and  small  portions  within  Tibbermore  and 
Scone  parishes  ;  stands  chiefly  on  low  flat 
ground  engirt  round  most  of  its  circle  by 
ornate  hills  ;  embraces  at  its  upper  and 
lower  extremities,  contiguous  to  right  bank 
of  the  river,  two  large  public  parks  called 
Inches ;  includes  numerous  villas  and 
adornments,  both  on  low  outskirts  and  on 
overhanging  braes  ;  enjoys  in  the  adjacent 
reaches  of  the  Tay's  valley,  in  the  con- 
tiguous hills  of  Moncrieff  and  Kinnoul, 
and  in  expanse  of  country  for  several  miles 
around,  most  attractive  environs,  both 
abounding  in  rich  close  scenes,  and  com- 
manding splendid  distant  views ;  and 
exhibits  within  itself,  in  at  once  alignment, 
architecture,  and  amenity,  a  finer  appear- 
ance than  any  other  Scottish  town  except 
Edinburgh  and  Glasgow.  A  compact 
body,  measuring  about  4  furlongs  by  3, 
intersected  westward  by  spacious  streets, 
and  comprising  all  the  ancient  city,  with 
numerous  secondary  streets,  alleys,  and 
lanes,  lies  between  the  two  Inches ;  two 
modern  wings,  including  streets,  terraces, 
and  crescents,  lie  respectively  north  and 
south  of  that  body ;  a  spacious,  handsome 
street,  begun  to  be  formed  in  1869,  and 
serving  partly  as  a  fine  promenade,  extends 
along  the  Tay  between  the  two  wings  ; 
and  great  improvements,  in  formation  of 
another  new  street  and  in  erection  of 
numerous  new  buildings,  were  made  in 
1877  and  subsequent  years.  The  Municipal 
Buildings,  on  site  of  previous  town  hall, 
were  erected  in  1879  at  a  cost  of  about 
£12,000,  and  include  a  fac-simile  of  a 
famous  old  tower.  The  County  Buildings, 
on  site  of  Gowrie  House,  adjacent  to  the 
river,  were  erected  in  1808-20  at  a  cost  of 


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367 


PER 


£32,000,  and  underwent  great  enlargement 
in  1866.  The  Convict  Prison  for  Scotland, 
on  plot  of  about  18  acres  in  the  south- 
western outskirts,  was  erected  in  1812  at  a 
cost  of  £130,000  for  French  prisoners  of 
war ;  underwent  change  in  1841  at  a  cost 
of  £28,000  to  adapt  it  to  its  present  use  ; 
and  was  enlarged  in  1858,  in  some  subse- 
quent years,  and  again  in  1880-81.  The 
County  and  City  prisons,  behind  the  County 
Buildings,  are  an  extensive  pile  with  high- 
walled  enclosure.  The  railway  station,  in 
the  south-western  outskirts,  is  a  very  large 
structure  with  Tudor  front  and  commo- 
dious arrangements,  and  includes  elegant 
refreshment  rooms.  The  railway  viaduct 
across  the  Tay  on  the  line  to  Dundee  was 
completed  in  1861  at  a  cost  of  more  than 
£24.000,  describes  the  segment  of  a  circle 
about  1180  feet  long,  and  includes  on  its 
north  side  a  pedestrian  bridge.  The  car- 
riage bridge,  connecting  the  city-proper 
with  Bridgend,  was  erected  in  1766-72  at 
a  cost  of  £26,631,  underwent  improvement 
in  1870-71  at  a  cost  of  £3060,  and  is  a  ten- 
arched  structure  880  feet  long.  The  water 
reservoir,  on  site  of  Cromwell's  citadel 
adjacent  to  the  Tay,  was  constructed  in 
1830  at  a  cost  of  £13,600 ;  and  an  extension 
of  the  waterworks  was  completed  in  1880 
at  a  cost  of  about  £30,000. 

St.  John's  Established  church,  within 
an  open  area  in  the  city-proper,  is  a 
cruciform  edifice,  mostly  ancient  but  partly 
modern  ;  has  a  very  old  steeple,  a  Norman 
arch,  and  a  diversity  of  Gothic  feature  ; 
had,  in  the  Romish  times,  a  very  great 
number  of  altars  ;  and  is  now  partitioned 
into  three  parochial  churches,  East,  Middle, 
and  West.  St.  Paul's  parochial  church 
was  erected  in  1807  at  a  cost  of  £7000. 
St.  John's  West  Free  church  was  erected 
in  1871  at  a  cost  of  about  £8000,  and  has 
a  steeple  215  feet  high.  St.  Leonard's 
and  St.  Stephen's  Free  churches  were 
erected  in  or  after  1877.  The  North 
United  Presbyterian  church,  partly  on  site 
of  a  previous  church,  was  erected  in  18S0 
at  a  cost  of  more  than  £7000.  St.  Ninian's 
Episcopalian  Cathedral  was  partly  erected 
in  1850,  with  design  to  be  completed  as  a 
cruciform  structure.  The  public  semi1 
naries  were  erected  in  1837  at  a  cost  of 
£6000,  and  have  capacity  for  1039  scholars. 
Provost  Marshall's  monument  is  a  circular 
dome-capped  edifice  of  1824,  and  contains 
the  Perth  public  library,  and  the  Literary 
and  Antiquarian  Society's  museum.  A 
new  public  hall  to  contain  accommodation 
for  1200  persons,  and  to  be  adjoined  by 
lecture-room,  scientific  library,  and  good, 
museum,  was  projected  in  1877.  Other 
monuments  than  Marshall's  are  the  late 
Prince  Consort's,  the  poet  Burns',  and  Sir 
Walter  Scott's.  The  city  and  county 
infirmary  was  erected  in  1837,  and  treats 
about  1590  patients  a  year.  The  lunatic 
asylum  was  erected  in  1827,  and  extended 
in  1834,  at  a  cost  of  more  than  £40,000. 
Portions  of  a  strong  ancient  wall,  supposed 


to  be  that  which  enclosed  the  ancient  city, 
were  discovered  at  digging  the  foundation 
for  the  new  public  hall  in  beginning  of 
1880  ;  and  part  of  a  fosse,  thought  to  have 
existed  before  the  time  of  Malcolm  Can- 
more,  was  contiguous.  An  ancient  chapel, 
part  of  another  ancient  chapel,  a  number 
of  ancient  dwelling-houses,  and  vestiges 
of  the  localities  noticed  in  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  Fair  Maid  of  Perth,  are  still  extant. 
The  harbour  was  a  few  years  ago  improved 
at  a  cost  of  £60,000.  The  vessels  belonging 
to  the  port  at  end  of  1879  were  25  sailing 
vessels  of  1969  tons,  and  1  steam  vessel  of 
IS  tons.  The  arrivals  in  1879  were  83 
British  vessels  of  5543  tons,  and  32  foreign 
vessels  of  4054  tons ;  the  departures  92 
British  vessels  of  6204  tons,  and  34  foreign 
vessels  of  4167  tons.  Real  property  of 
the  burgh  in  1880-81,  £117,983.  Pop. 
28,949. 

The  four  parishes  are  East,  Middle,  St. 
Paul,  and  West ;  and  a  quoad  sacra  parish, 
that  of  St.  Leonard's,  consists  of  parts  of 
the  East  and  the  West.  The  whole 
aggregately  measure  4 J  miles  in  length, 
2£  miles  in  extreme  breadth,  and  3658 
acres  in  area.  Real  property  of  the  land- 
ward parts  in  1880-81,  £6207.  The  Middle 
and  St.  Paul  lie  wholly  in  the  city.  Pop. 
4902  and  3009.  The  West  also  lies  almost 
all  in  the  city.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  6192  ; 
quoad  sacra,  3983.  The  East  includes  part 
of  the  city,  comprises  nearly  all  the  land- 
ward parts,  and  contains  the  villages  of 
Dovecotland,  Tulloch,  Craigie,  Cherry- 
bank,  Pitheavlis,  Craigend,  and  Friar- 
ton.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  12,102;  quoad 
sacra,  10,720.  The  surface,  in  a  general 
view,  lies  westward  from  the  Tay ;  consists 
largely  of  rich  plain  ;  includes,  in  the 
south-east,  a  part  of  Moncrieff  hill ;  and 
is  diversified  in  the  interior  by  numerous 
swelling  ridges.  Upwards  of  two-thirds 
are  fertile  arable  land,  and  about  750 
acres  of  the  other  third  are  under  wood. 
A  United  Presbyterian  church  is  at  Craig- 
end ;  and  public  schools  are  at  Craigend 
and  Cherrybank. 

PERTH  AND  DUNDEE  RAILWAY.  See 
Dundee  and  Perth  Railway. 

PERTH  AND  DUNKELD  RAILWAY, 
railway,  8§  miles  long,  from  a  junction  at 
6J  miles  north  of  Perth  north-north-west- 
ward to  Birnam,  in  vicinity  of  Dunkeld. 
It  was  opened  in  1856,  and  is  now  part  of 
the  Highland  Railway  system. 

PERTHSHIRE,  large  county,  partly 
maritime,  but  chiefly  inland,  in  centre  of 
Scotland.  It  extends  southward  from 
summit-line  of  Central  Grampians  to  upper 
and  middle  reaches  of  the  Forth,  and  east- 
ward from  summit-line  of  lateral  Gram- 
pians to  boundary  with  Forfarshire  and 
Fife  ;  it  includes  a  section  of  6J  miles  by 
4^,  detached  about  2  miles  from  its  main 
body,  and  lying  on  upper  part  of  Firth  of 
Forth ;  and  it  comprehends  the  ancient 
districts  of  Athole,  Breadalbane,  Rannoch, 
Balquhidder,  Monteith,  Strathearn,  Strath- 


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368 


PET 


tay,  Stormont,  and  Gowrie.  Its  length  is 
74  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  67  miles ; 
it-s  area  2601  square  miles.  Its  extent  of 
coast  is  12  miles  on  Firth  of  Tay  and  4  on 
Firth  of  Forth.  Its  interior  unites  the 
Highlands  to  the  Lowlands,  combines  or 
puts  into  juxtaposition  the  characteristic 
features  of  both,  and  contains  a  larger 
quantity  and  a  richer  variety  of  picturesque 
landscape  than  any  other  equal  extent  of 
country  in  the  British  empire.  The  nor- 
thern and  western  sections,  comprising 
more  than  one-half  of  all  the  area,  are 
entirely  Highland ;  consist  mostly  of  moun- 
tain-ranges, intersected  by  long  glens, 
radiating  toward  the  centre  ;  and  contain 
Benlawers,  Bendearg,  Benygloe,  Ben- 
vrackie,  Schichallion,  Stobinian,  Benvoir- 
lich,  Mealgirdy,  Benchonzie,  Benmore, 
Benledi,  Ben  venue,  and  other  alpine 
summits.  The  other  sections  exhibit  a 
large  miniature  of  all  the  Scottish  Low- 
lands ;  consist  variously  of  hill-range, 
strath,  valley,  undulation,  and  plain ;  and 
include  portions  of  the  Sidlaw  and  the 
Ochil  hills,  part  of  Strathmore,  all  Strath- 
earn,  most  of  Strathallan,  part  of  Carse  of 
Forth,  and  all  Carse  of  Gowrie.  The 
mountains  and  the  uplands  are  greatly 
diversified  in  form  and  feature ;  the  up- 
land plateaux  range  from  pastoral  to  wildly 
weird ;  the  glens,  esj^ecially  toward  their 
outlets,  exhibit  rich  diversity  of  width, 
flank,  and  ornature ;  the  several  portions 
of  the  Lowlands  range  from  bold  cliffs  to 
gardenesque  expanses ;  and  the  entire  area 
is  threaded  and  gemmed  with  beautiful 
streams  and  lovely  lakes.  The  chief  rivers 
are  the  Tay,  winding  centrally  through 
both  Highlands  and  Lowlands  ;  the  Tum- 
mel,  the  Lyon,  the  Bran,  the  Isla,  the 
Almond,  and  the  Earn,  running  to  the 
Tay  ;  the  Garry,  running  to  the  Tummel ; 
the  Ericht,  running  to  the  Isla  ;  the  Forth, 
running  mainly  along  the  southern  boun- 
dary ; '  and  the  Teith,  the  Allan,  and  the 
Devon,  running  to  the  Forth.  The  chief 
lakes  are  Ericht,  Bannoch,  Garry,  and 
Tummel  in  the  north;  Lows,  Marlee, 
and  Clunie  in  the  east ;  Tay,  Earn,  and 
Dochart  in  the  centre  and  the  west ;  and 
Katrine,  Achray,  Vennachoir,  Monteith, 
Lubnaig,  Voil,  Ard,  and  Chon  in  the  south- 
west. Coal  and  ironstone  abound  in  the 
detached  section ;  red  sandstone  lies  be- 
neath Strathmore  and  Carse  of  Gowrie ; 
and  fine  marble  is  found  in  Glentilt.  The 
tillage  lands  in  the  carses,  in  Strathearn, 
and  in  some  other  parts,  are  of  prime 
character ;  and  the  pastures  for  both  sheep 
and  black  cattle  are  nearly  as  various  as 
those  of  all  Scotland.  Textile  manufac- 
ture employs  much  of  the  population ; 
and  commerce  at  Perth  and  through 
Dundee  and  Alloa  is  considerable.  The 
towns  with  each  more  than  3000  inhabi- 
tants are  Perth,  Crieff,  and  Blairgowrie ; 
with  each  more  than  2000,  Auchterarder, 
Alyth,  and  Coupar  -  Angus ;  with  each 
more  than  1000,  Dunblane,  Doune,  Callan- 


der, Kincardine,  Scone,  Comrie,  Dunning, 
Aberfeldy,  Muthill,  and  Lornty ;  and  the 
villages  with  each  more  than  300  amount 
to  26.  The  territory  belonged  to  the 
Caledonian  Horestii  and  Vecturiones  ;  was 
included  by  the  Romans  in  their  Vespa- 
siana ;  contained  a  capital  of  Pictavia ; 
and  figured  much  in  the  public  events  of 
the  mediaeval  and  Reformation  times.  Its 
chief  antiquities  are  numerous  Caledonian 
stone  circles,  hill-forts,  and  cairns ;  ves- 
tiges of  many  watch-towers ;  the  Roman 
camp  of  Ardoch,  other  Roman  camps,  a 
Roman  road,  and  the  site  of  the  Roman 
Bertha ;  the  cylindrical  tower  of  Aber- 
nethy,  and  site  of  the  royal  palace  of 
Scone  ;  curious  monuments  associated  with 
the  semi-fabulous  King  Arthur  and  the 
famous  Macbeth ;  Doune  Castle,  Ruthven 
Castle,  Elcho  Castle,  and  Castle-Campbell ; 
the  cathedrals  of  Dunkeld  and  Dunblane  ; 
the  abbeys  of  Scone,  Inchaffray,  Culross, 
and  Coupar-Angus ;  the  monasteries  of 
Inchmahome,  Strathfillan,  Loch  Tay,  and 
Elcho ;  and  the  collegiate  churches  of 
Perth,  Methven,  and  Muthill.  Real  pro- 
perty of  the  county  in  1880-81,  £977,216. 
Pop.  in  1871,  127,768 ;  in  1881,  128,985. 

PETCOX,  village  in  Stenton  parish, 
Haddingtonshire.  It  formerly  gave  name 
to  the  parish. 

PETERCULTER,  parish  on  left  side  of 
the  Dee,  averagely  6  miles  west-south- west 
of  Aberdeen.  It  contains  the  post  offices 
of  Peterculter  and  Countesswells,  each 
under  Aberdeen  ;  and  it  includes  359  acres 
formerly  belonging  to  Banchory-Devenick. 
Its  length  is  about  6  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  4^  miles;  its  area  10,547 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £11,726. 
Pop.  1908.  The  land  includes  some 
haugh  adjacent  to  the  Dee,  rises  thence  in 
gentle  slope,  and  then  becomes  very  uneven 
and  rugged,  with  interspersions  of  rocky 
heights  and  marshy  flats,  but  is  nearly  all 
arable  or  utilized.  The  seats  are  Culter, 
Murtle,  Binghall,  Countesswells,  and 
Bieldside  ;  and  the  antiquities  are  a  Cale- 
donian stone  circle,  a  large  tumulus,  and 
traces  of  the  Roman  camp  of  Normandykes. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  Free ; 
and  there  are  3  schools  with  capacity  for 
237  scholars. 

PETERHEAD,  town  and  parish  on  east 
coast  of  Aberdeenshire.  The  town  stands 
at  terminus  of  branch  railway,  on  penin- 
sula two-thirds  engirt  by  the  sea,  32  miles 
by  road  but  44J  by  railway  north-north- 
east of  Aberdeen  ;  was  founded  in  1593 
adjacent  to  the  fishing  village  of  Keith- 
Inch  ;  ranks  now  as  a  head  port,  the 
centre  of  a  fishery  district,  a  resort  of 
invalids  for  sea  -  bathing  and  use  of 
medicinal  springs,  and  a  burgh  uniting 
with  Inverury,  Kintore,  Banff,  Cullen, 
and  Elgin  in  sending  a  member  to  Parlia- 
ment ;  attracts  tourists  for  inspection  of  a 
neighbouring  reach  of  romantic  coast  ; 
possesses  harbour  works  constructed  at  a 
cost  of  more  than  £85,000,  and  designed 


PET 


369 


PHI 


in  1878  to  be  improved  at  a  cost  of  about 
£30,000;  is  the  largest  depot  of  the 
whale-fishing  of  Great  Britain;  publishes 
two  weekly  newspapers ;  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  a  rail- 
way station,  4  banking  offices,  several 
hotels,  a  steepled  town  hall,  3  Established 
churches,  2  Free  churches,  United  Presby- 
terian, Baptist,  Methodist,  Episcopalian, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  4 
public  schools  with  upwards  of  700 
scholars.  The  town  is  well-built,  clean, 
and  airy,  yet  presents  a  confused  street 
arrangement.  The  vessels  belonging  to 
the  port  at  end  of  1879  were  66  sailing 
vessels  of  8769  tons,  and  7  steam  vessels  of 
1263  tons.  The  arrivals  in  1879  were  739 
British  vessels  of  59,240  tons,  and  139 
foreign  vessels  of  12,211  tons ;  the  de- 
partures, 730  British  vessels  of  60,793  tons, 
and  143  foreign  vessels  of  12,323  tons. 
Real  property  of  the  burgh  in  1880-81, 
£33,672.  Pop.  10,922.— The  parish  con- 
tains also  the  suburb  of  Buchanhaven,  and 
the  villages  of  Boddam,  Burnhaven,  and 
Ronheads.  Its  length  is  5  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  4  miles ;  its  area  9670 
acres.  Real  property  of  landward  part  in 
1880-81,  £16,741.  Pop.  of  the  whole, 
quoad  civilia,  14,257 ;  quoad  sacra,  9906. 
The  river  Ugie  traces  the  northern  bound- 
ary to  the  sea  ;  the  coast  thence  to  the 
southern  boundary  includes  the  bays  of 
Peterhead  and  Sandford  ;  is  partly  high 
and  rocky,  partly  flat  and  sandy ;  and, 
near  the  southern  boundary,  projects  into 
the  promontory  of  Buchanness.  A  sweep 
of  hill  bearing  four  successive  names,  and 
nowhere  higher  than  286  feet  above  sea- 
level,  goes  from  that  promontory  round 
the  southern  and  western  borders',  and  is 
crowned  on  one  summit  by  a  lofty  tower  in 
honour  of  Earl  Grey  and  the  Reform  Bill. 
The  rest  of  the  land  is  an  undulated  or 
rolling  plain.  Granite  and  syenite  are 
extensively  quarried  and  exported.  Chief 
objects  of  interest  are  Ravenscrag  and 
Boddam  castles.  An  Established  mission 
church  is  in  the  town,  and  a  chapel-of-ease 
is  at  Boddam.  Eleven  schools  for  2365 
scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them 
and  enlargements  for  731  are  new. 

PETERHEAD  (EAST),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  church,  in  Peterhead  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire.   Pop.  3926. 

PETERHILL,  summit  of  hill  in  Birse 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

PETER  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  Glas- 
gow.   Pop.  1444. 

•  PETER  (ST.),  ancient  chapelry  in  Lady 
parish,  Sanday  Island,  Orkney. 

PETER  (ST.),  section  of  South  Ronald- 
shay  parish,  with  church  in  northern  part 
of  South  Ronaldshay  Island,  Orkney. 

PETER'S  WELL  (ST.),  copious  spring  in 
Mouswald  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

PETERTOWN,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Orphir  parish,  Orkney. 

PETERUGIE,    parish,    disjoined  from 


Peterhead  in  1620,  and  now  called  Long- 
side,  in  Aberdeenshire. 

PETTIE.    See  Petty. 

PETTINAIN,  hamlet  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  hamlet  lies 
near  the  Clyde,  5J  miles  east-south-east 
of  Lanark,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Lanark,  a  small  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  capacity  for  66  scholars. — The 
parish  measures  about  3  miles  by  2^,  and 
comprises  3900  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £4568.  Pop.  360.  The  surface 
is  partly  very  low  flat  land  adjacent  to  the 
Clyde,  and  partly  a  gentle  unequal  acclivity 
up  to  a  height  of  about  500  feet  above 
the  Clyde's  level.  The  only  mansion  is  Sir 
Wyndham  Ansti-uther's  seat  of  Westraw. 

PETTY,  village  in  Inverness-shire,  and 
parish  partly  also  in  Nairnshire.  The 
village  stands  on  Moray  Firth,  7  miles 
north-east  of  Inverness,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Inverness,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
70  scholars. — The  parish  contains  also 
Connage  village  and  the  Stuarton  section 
of  Campbelton.  Its  length  is  about  9 
miles  ;  its  breadth  between  2  and  3  miles  ; 
its  area  9455  acres  in  Inverness-shire,  and 
321  in  Nairnshire.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £8100  and  £203.  Pop.  1488 
and  43.  The  surface  rises  like  a 
broken  wave  from  the  coast,  then  sinks 
into  a  vale  of  moss  land,  then  ascends  to 
Culloden  moor.  The  seats  are  Castle- 
Stuart,  Gollanfield,  and  Flemington  ;  and 
the  antiquities  are  several  Caledonian  stone 
circles,  and  two  mediaeval  judicial  moats. 
A  United  Presbyterian  church  is  at  Camp- 
belton ;  and  2  new  public  schools  with 
capacity  for  250  scholars  are  in  the  parish. 

PETTYCUR,  harbour  with  good  quay,  J 
mile  south-by -west  of  Kinghorn,  Fife. 

PETYN,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Petty,  Inverness-shire. 

PHANTASSIE,  estate  in  Prestonkirk 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

PHARAY  (HOLM  OF),  pastoral  islet 
adjacent  to  north  end  of  North  Pharay, 
Orkney. 

PHARAY  (NORTH),  island,  1£  mile  west 
of  Eday,  Orkney.  It  is  about  2  miles  long, 
and  has  a  public  school.    Pop.  72. 

PHARAY  (SOUTH),  island,  about  2  miles 
long,  adjacent  to  east  side  of  Hoy,  Ork- 
ney.   Pop.  68. 

PHESDO,  seat,  3J  miles  north-north- 
west of  Laurencekirk,  Kincardineshire. 

PHILIP,  burn,  running  eastward  to  the 
Monynut,  on  boundary  between  Hadding- 
tonshire and  Berwickshire. 

PHILIPHAUGH,  alluvial  plain,  scene  of 
Sir  David  Leslie's  victory  over  Marquis  of 
Montrose  in  1645,  from  L|  to  3  miles  south- 
west of  Selkirk.  It  contains  a  monument 
of  the  victory,  and  the  modern  mansion  of 
Philiphaugh  Castle. 

PHILIPSTON,  village,  2\  miles  north- 
west of  Winchburgh,  Linlithgowshire. 

PHILLANS  (ST.),  ancient  parish,  now 
called  Forgan,  on  north  border  of  Fife. 

2  A 


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370 


PIT 


PHILORTH,  seat  of  Lord  Saltoun,  2  miles 
south  of  Fraserburgh,  Aberdeenshire. 

PHLADDA.     See  Fladda. 

PHONA,  place,  with  site  of  ancient 
chapel,  in  Inveraven  parish,  Banffshire. 

PHOPACHY,  seat  on  promontory  on 
south  side  of  Loch  Beauly,  Inverness- 
shire. 

PHYSGILL,  seat  and  coast  caves  in 
Glasserton  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

PICKET,  hill  and  three  lake-like  reser- 
voirs in  Eaglesham  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

PICTAVIA,  ancient  kingdom  of  the  Picts. 
It  originated  with  portions  of  the  northern 
Caledonians  unsubdued  by  the  Romans  ; 
it  came  obscurely  into  view  at  the  Roman 
abdication  ;  it  does  not  seem  to  have  had 
any  recognised  permanent  limits,  or  to 
have  ever  extended  farther  south  than  the 
Forth  ;  it  shifted  its  court  from  one  place 
to  another,  and  held  it  for  a  time  at 
respectively  Inverness,  Forteviot,  Aber- 
nethy,  and  probably  other  places  ;  it  had 
many  contests  both  within  itself  and 
against  the  Dalriadans,  the  Romanized 
Caledonians,  and  the  Saxons  ;  and  it  be- 
came united  in  843  with  Dalriada  to  form 
the  pristine  kingdom  of  Scotland. 

PICTSWORKDITCH.    See  Catrail. 

PIDOURIN,  affluent  of  Douglas  river, 
Lanarkshire. 

PIERCETON,  village,  with  Free  church, 
in  Dreghorn  parish,  Ayrshire. 

PIEROWALL,  bay  and  village  in  north- 
east of  Westray  Island,  Orkney.  The  bay 
is  a  very  fine  natural  harbour  for  small 
vessels  ;  and  the  village  stands  at  its  head, 
and  has  an  inn,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  92  scholars. 

PIERSHILL,  cavalry  barracks  at  Jock's 
Lodge,  in  eastern  vicinity  of  Edinburgh. 

PIGEONS,  spar  cave  on  west  coast  of 
Gigha  Island,  Argyleshire. 

PIKE  FELL,  mountain,  1637  feet  high, 
6|  miles  north-north-east  of  Langholm, 
Dumfriesshire. 

PILGRIMS,  eminence,  with  site  of 
Lazarite  establishment,  adjacent  to  Lin- 
lithgow. 

PILNOUR.    See  Palnure. 

PILTANTON,  rivulet,  running  about  12 
miles  east-south-eastward  to  head  of  Luce 
Bay,  Wigtonshire. 

PINGARIE,  prominent  crag  in  Tynron 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

PINKIE,  seat  of  Sir  Archibald  Hope, 
Bart.,  barony,  and  battlefield  of  1547,  in 
eastern  vicinity  of  Musselburgh,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

PINKIE'S  HOLE,  large  round  cavity  on 
Sheriffmuir,  in  Stobo  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

PINMORE,  railway  station  and  mansion 
5  miles  south  of  Girvan,  Ayrshire.  The 
mansion  was  burnt  in  1876,  and  rebuilt  in 
1877. 

PINNACLEHILL,  seat  on  rock  overhang- 
ing the  Tweed  in  vicinity  of  Kelso,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

PINWHIRRY,  railway  station,  ruined 
ancient  fortalice,  and  public  school  with 


about  60  scholars,  in  Colmonell  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

PIPER-DAM,  reedy  marsh,  swarming 
with  water-fowl,  in  Fowlis-Easter  parish, 
Perthshire. 

PIPERHALL,  hamlet  in  Kingarth  parish, 
Isle  of  Bute. 

PIPER'S  COVE,  large  cavern,  with  deep 
well,  on  Colvend  coast,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

PIPER'S-HEUGH,  quondam  village, 
notable  for  manufacture  of  Jew's  harps, 
in  vicinity  of  Stevenston,  Ayrshire. 

PIRN,  seat  on  the  Gala,  2  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Stow,  Edinburghshire. 

PIRNMILL,  place,  with  post  office  under 
Brodick,  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

PIRNTAITON,  place,  with  remains  of 
Roman  camp,  3|  miles  north-north-west 
of  Stow,  Edinburghshire. 

PITALPIE.  See  King's  Cross,  Forfar- 
shire. 

PITBEADLAY,  hill,  with  remains  of  cir- 
cular camp,  in  St.  Cyrus  parish,  Kincar- 
dineshire. 

PITBLADO,  seat  in  Cupar  parish,  Fife. 

PITCAIRLY,  woodlands  in  Newburgh 
parish,  Fife. 

PITCAIRN,  or  PITC AIRNGREEN ,  and 
BRIDGETON-OF-PITCAIRN,  two  conjoint 
villages,  on  Almond  river,  4J  miles  west- 
north- west  of  Perth.  They  have  bleaching- 
works,  Free  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
80  scholars.    Pop.  213  and  88. 

PITCAIRN  (NEW),  or  NEWTON-OF- 
PITCAIRN,  village,  i  mile  south  of  Dun- 
ning, Perthshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  96  scholars. 

PITCAIRNS,  seat  in  vicinity  of  New 
Pitcairn,  Perthshire. 

PITCAITHLY,  medicinal  springs,  with 
lodging-houses,  about  a  mile  south-west  of 
Bridge  of  Earn,  Perthshire. 

PITCAPLE,  railway  station,  post  office 
with  money  order  department  designated 
of  Aberdeenshire,  castellated  seat,  partly 
ancient,  partly  modern,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  86  scholars,  4f  miles  north-west 
of  Tnverury,  Aberdeenshire. 

PITCON,  colliery  in  Dairy  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

PITCULLO,  castellated  old  mansion  in 
Leuchars  parish,  Fife. 

PITCUR,  ruined  ancient  baronial  castle, 
1£  mile  south-east  of  Kettins,  Forfar- 
shire. 

PITEADIE,  hill  and  ruined  old  castle  in 
Kinghorn  parish,  Fife. 

PITFICHIE,  ruined  old  castle  in  Mony- 
musk  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

PITFODELS,  estate  in  Banchory-Deve- 
nick  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

PITFOUR,  seat  in  Old  Deer  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

PITFOUR,  seat  in  St.  Madoes  parish, 
Perthshire. 

PITGAIR,  farm,  with  ruined,  thick- 
walled,  romantically-situated  old  castle, 
in  Gamrie  parish,  Banffshire. 


PIT 


371 


PIT 


PITHEAVLIS,  village,  and  a  seat  of  Lord 
Elibank,  near  Perth. 

PITKERRO,  estate  in  Dundee  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

PITLESSIE,  village,  4  miles  south-west 
of  Cupar,  Fife.  It  figures  much  in  the 
history  of  Sir  David  Wilkie,  and  it  has  a 
post  office  under  Ladybank,  a  Free  church, 
a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  large 
public  school.    Pop.  356. 

PITLETHIE,  seat  in  Leuchars  parish, Fife. 

PITLIVER,  seat,  2|  miles  south-west  of 
Dunfermline,  Fife. 

PITLOCHRIE,  village  on  the  Tummel, 
28h  miles  north-by-west  of  Perth.  It 
stands  amid  richly  picturesque  scenery, 
contains  many  fine  villas,  presents  a  beau- 
tiful appearance,  is  a  favourite  resort  of 
convalescents  and  summer  visitors,  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
a  railway  station,  3  banking  offices,  2 
hotels,  a  large  hydropathic  establishment, 
opened  in  1878,  Free  and  Episcopalian 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
201  scholars.    Pop.  777. 

PITLOCHRIE,  small  affluent  of  the  Isla, 
in  Glenisla  parish,  Forfarshire. 

PITLOUR,  seat  in  Strathmiglo  parish, 
Fife. 

PITLUNDIE,  hill  in  Avoch  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

PITLURG,  seat,  4f  miles  east-north-east 
of  Ellon,  Aberdeenshire. 

PITLYAL,  lake  in  Lundie  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

PITMAIN,  place,  with  inn,  in  Kingussie 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

PITMEDDEN,  seat  of  Sir  William  C. 
Seton,Bart.,in  Udny  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

PITMIDDIE,  village  in  Kinnaird  parish, 
Perthshire. 

PITMILLY,  seat  in  Kingsbarns  parish, 
Fife. 

PITMUDIE,  hamlet  in  Lintrathen  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

PITMUIES,  seat  in  Kirkden  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

PITNACREE,  seat  on  left  side  of  the 
Tay,  between  Weem  and  Logierait,  Perth- 
shire. 

PITNAPIES,  village  in  Newtyle  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

PITORMIE,  seat  in  Dairsie  parish,  Fife. 

PITREAVIE,  seat  and  battlefield  of 
1651,  on  south-east  border  of  Dunfermline 
parish,  Fife. 

PITRICHIE,  seat  in  Udny  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

PITRODIE,  village  and  glen  in  Kilspindie 
parish,  Perthshire.  The  village  has  a  post 
office  under  Perth  and  a  United  Presby- 
terian church,  and  the  glen  is  said  to 
have  been  a  hiding-place  of  Sir  William 

"YV  ft  1 1 R  C  €5 

PITSCANDLY,  seat  and  hill  in  Rescobie 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

PITSCOTTIE,  estate  once  belonging  to 
the  Scottish  historian  Lindsay,  in  Ceres 
parish,  Fife. 

PITSLIGO,  parish,  containing  Rosehearty 


post  office  village  and  Pittullie  and  Sand- 
haven  fishing  villages,  in  western  vicinity 
of  Fraserburgh,  on  north  coast  of  Aber- 
deenshire. Its  length  is  4  miles;  its 
greatest  breadth  2^  miles ;  its  area  4641 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8561. 
Pop.  2582.  The  coast  is  partly  flat  and 
sandy,  partly  high,  bold,  rocky,  and 
fissured  ;  and  the  interior  rises  gently 
thence  to  an  elevation  of  about  300  feet, 
and  then  declines  to  the  south.  Pitsligo 
and  Pittullie  castles  stand  on  the  coast, 
and  are  ancient  structures  in  a  state  of 
ruin ;  and  the  former  gave  to  the  family 
of  Forbes  the  peerage  title  of  baron, 
forfeited  in  1746.  The  churches  are 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian. There  are  3  schools  with  capacity 
for  529  scholars,  and  an  enlargement  of  1 
of  them  for  120  is  new. 

PITSLIGO  (NEW),  town  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  in  Buchan  district,  Aberdeen- 
shire. The  town  stands  4  miles  west  of 
Strichen,  and  11  south-west  of  Fraser- 
burgh ;  was  founded  about  the  year  1790  ; 
comprises  two  well-built  main  streets,  one 
of  them  fully  a  mile  long  ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Aberdeen,  a  banking 
office,  2  hotels,  Established,  Free,  Congre- 
gational, and  Episcopalian  churches,  a  new 
public  school  with  capacity  for  464  scholars, 
and  3  other  schools.  Pop.  2056.— The 
parish  was  formed  in  1799,  enlarged  in 
1835,  and  reconstituted  by  civil  authority 
in  1853  ;  and  it  measures  about  6  miles  by 
5.    Pop.  2964. 

PITTAIRTHY,  estate,  with  relinquished 
large  old  castellated  mansion,  in  Dunino 
parish,  Fife. 

PITTENCRIEFF,  seat  in  western  vicinity 
of  Dunfermline,  and  glen  within  that 
town,  in  Fife. 

PITTENWEEM,  town  and  parish  on 
south-east  coast  of  Fife.  The  town  stands 
on  Firth  of  Forth,  1  mile  west-south- west 
of  Anstruther ;  contains  interesting  re- 
mains of  priory  of  12th  century ;  consists 
of  well-built  streets,  partly  old  and  partly 
new ;  ranks  as  a  sub-port  and  a  royal 
burgh  ;  unites  with  St.  Andrews  and  five 
other  Fife  burghs  in  sending  a  member  to 
Parliament ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Fife,  a  railway  station,  a  good 
harbour,  2  banking  offices,  Established, 
United  Presbyterian,  and  Episcopalian 
churches,  and  3  public  schools  with  about 
417  scholars.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£5878.  Pop.  2087.— The  parish  measures 
about  1|-  mile  by  \,  and  comprises  663 
acres.  Real  property  of  landward  part  in 
1880-81,  £753.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  2119. 
The  land  is  flat,  and  overlies  workable 
seams  of  coal. 

PITTHEVELISS.    See  Pitheavlis. 

PITTODRIE,  seat,  loftily  situated  on  east 
side  of  Bennachie  Mountain,  and  command- 
ing a  grand  view  of  Garioch  valley,  Aber- 
deenshire. 


PIT 


372 


POL 


PITTULLIE,  fishing  village  and  ruined 
old  baronial  castle,  3  miles  west  of  Fraser- 
burgh, Aberdeenshire.    Pop.  277. 

PLADDA,  small  low  green  island  near 
south-eastern  extremity  of  Arran,  in  Firth 
of  Clyde.  A  lighthouse  is  on  it  with  two 
fixed  lights,  the  one  above  the  other, 
visible  at  the  distance  of  14  and  17  nautical 
miles.    Pop.  17. 

PLAIDY,  railway  station  and  estate,  4| 
miles  north  of  Turriff,  Aberdeenshire. 

PLAINS,  village  in  New  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  516. 

PLANTATION,  south-western  suburb  of 
Glasgow,  on  the  Clyde,  above  Govan.  It 
has  a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  and  a 
United  Presbyterian  church.  Pop.  of  the 
quoad  sacra  parish,  11,519. 

PLATANE,  quondam  forest,  extending 
from  Finhaven  Castle  to  Kirriemuir,  in 
Forfarshire. 

PLATT,  hill,  with  site  of  ancient  camp, 
and  with  extensive  view,  in  Ratho  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

PLEAN,  village  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Stirlingshire.  The  village  stands  5 
miles  south-east  of  Stirling,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Stirling,  a  large  hospital  for  old 
men,  an  Established  church,  and  2  public 
schools  with  about  218  scholars.  Pop.  369. 
—The  parish  contains  a  ruined,  thick-walled 
old  tower,  extensive  collieries,  and  the 
camping-ground  of  Prince  Charles  Edward 
prior  to  the  battle  of  Falkirk.    Pop.  1037. 

PLEASANCE,  old  suburb  in  south-east  of 
Old  Town  of  Edinburgh.  It  contained  a 
nunnery  of  St.  Mary  of  Placentia,  and  got 
its  name  from  corruption  of  the  word 
Placentia. 

PLEASANCE,  village  in  Dalserf  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

PLENDERLEATH,  place,  with  ruined 
old  chapel,  in  Oxnam  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

PLOCKTON,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  on  south-west  coast  of  Eoss-shire. 
The  village  stands  on  the  south  side  of 
Loch  Carron,  5  miles  west-south-west  of 
Strome  Ferry,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Strome-Ferry,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
126  scholars.    Pop.  440. 

PLODDA,  fine  cascade  on  Deaothack 
ri  vulet, in  Kiltarlity  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

PLORA,  burn,  running  northward  from 
Minchmoor  to  the  Tweed,  in  Peeblesshire. 

PLOTCOCK,  colliery  in  Hamilton  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

PLUNTON,  picturesquely-situated  ruined 
old  castle  in  Borgue  parish,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

PLUSCARDINE,  place,  with  ruined  abbey 
of  13th  century,  in  pleasant  vale  5  miles 
south-west  of  Elgin.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Elgin  and  a  Free  church.  The 
abbey  resembles  that  of  Melrose,  but  is 
smaller  and  plainer ;  its  chapter-house  re- 
sembles that  of  Elgin  Cathedral ;  and  part 
of  its  cloisters  has  been  re-constructed  into 
the  Free  church. 


POLAGHLOUP,  great  cavernous  fissure 
on  north  coast  of  Durness  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

POLBEATH,  burn,  running  southward 
to  the  Irvine,  at  3J  miles  east  of  Kilmar- 
nock, Ayrshire. 

POLGAVIE.    See  Powgavie. 

FOLGREE,  rivulet,  running  south-east- 
ward to  the  Garnock,  in  Kilbirnie  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

POLHARROW,  affluent  of  the  Ken,  in 
Kells  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

POLKEMMET,  seat  of  Sir  William  Baillie, 
Bart.,  1|  mile  west  of  Whitburn,  Linlith- 
gowshire. 

POLLA,  rivulet,  running  to  the  sea,  in 
north-east  of  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

POLLEWE.    See  Poolewe. 

POLLOCK,  rivulet,  running  to  Loch 
Shiel,  on  north  border  of  Argyleshire. 

POLLOCK,  seat  of  Sir  John  M.  S. 
Maxwell,  Bart.,  about  a  mile  west  of 
Pollockshaws,  Renfrewshire. 

POLLOCK,  or  UPPER  POLLOCK,  seat  of 
Sir  Hew  C.  Pollock,  Bart.,  3f  miles  south- 
west of  Pollockshaws,  Renfrewshire. 

POLLOCKSHAWS,  town  on  the  White 
Cart,  1\  miles  south-south-west  of  Glasgow. 
It  stands  in  Eastwood  parish,  which  had 
for  ministers  the  ecclesiastical  historians 
Crawford  and  Woodrow;  consists  of  ir- 
regularly-arranged streets,  but  presents  a 
pleasant  appearance ;  is  a  prosperous  seat 
of  manufacture ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Glasgow,  a  railway  station, 
2  banking  offices,  a  town  hall,  2  Established 
churches,  2  Free  churches,  United  Pres- 
byterian, Original  Secession,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  an  academy  so  enlarged 
in  1879  as  to  have  capacity  for  about  550 
scholars,  the  Sir  John  Maxwell  school, 
with  about  the  same  capacity  as  the  aca- 
demy, and  a  handsome  monument  to  the 
historian  Woodrow.  Pop.  9363.  Part  of 
the  town  forms  a  quoad  sacra  parish. 
Pop.  6402. 

POLLOCKSHIELDS,  suburb  averagely 
If  mile  south-west  of  centre  of  Glasgow. 
It  is  all  modern  and  regularly  aligned ; 
was  constituted  a  police  burgh  in  1876 ; 
consists  largely  of  rows  of  handsome  villas  ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  under  Glasgow, 
a  railway  station,  Established  and  Free 
churches  of  1878,  erected  at  cost  of  about 
respectively  £14,000  and  £6500,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  of  1882,  and  a  public 
school.  Pop.  6464. — A  quoad  sacra  parish 
contains  the  suburb  and  extends  beyond 
it.    Pop.  6523. 

POLMADDIE,  hill,  1750  feet  high,  12 
miles  south  of  Maybole,  Ayrshire. 

POLMADIE,  suburb,  with  site  of  ancient 
hospital,  in  southern  outskirts  of  Glasgow. 
Pop.  1876. 

POLMAILY,  seat  and  public  school  in 
Urquhart  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

POLMAISE,  seat  on  the  Forth,  2\ 
\   miles  east  of  Stirling. 


POL 


373 


POR 


POLMONT,  village  and  parish,  on  east  bor- 
der of  Stirlingshire.  The  village  stands  3| 
miles  east  of  Falkirk,  gives  the  title  of 
baron  to  the  Duke  of  Hamilton,  and  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  designated  of  Stirling- 
shire, Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  196  scholars.  Pop. 
519. — The  parish  contains  also  Redding, 
Wallacetown,  Shieldhill,  and  Craigs  vil- 
lages, and  small  part  of  Grangemouth 
town.  Its  length  is  6  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  about  2^  miles ;  its  area  5121 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £20,883. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3955;  quoad  sacra, 
3861.  The  northern  section  is  bounded 
by  the  Forth,  and  consists  of  rich  carse, 
so  low  as  to  be  protected  by  strong 
embankments  from  the  tides ;  and  the 
southern  section  rises  gradually  to  a  maxi- 
mum height  of  about  553  feet.  Coal, 
ironstone,  and  sandstone  abound,  and  are 
lai'gely  worked.  Chief  seats  are  Polmont 
House,  Polmont  Park,  Polmont  Bank, 
Parkhill,  Clarkstone,  and  Millfield;  and 
a  great  antiquity  was  a  reach  of  Antoninus' 
wall,  now  quite  extinct.  A  chapel-of-ease 
is  at  Shieldhill.  Six  schools  for  826 
scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them 
and  enlargements  for  316  are  new. 

POLMONT  JUNCTION,  railway  station, 
3  miles  east  of  Falkirk,  Linlithgowshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Stirling- 
shire. 

POLMOOD,  burn  running  north-eastward 
to  the  Tweed,  in  Tweedsmuir  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

POLMUNCKSHEAD,  estate  in  Douglas 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

POLNACKIE.    See  Palnackie. 

POLNOON,  quondam  castle,  now  repre- 
sented by  only  slight  vestiges,  in  Eagles- 
ham  parish,  Renfrewshire.  It  was  long  the 
residence  of  the  Earl  of  Eglinton's  ancestors. 

POLROAG,  cove,  with  narrow  entrance, 
but  good  anchorage,  on  Duirinish  coast, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

POLTAIRVE,  creek,  with  safe  anchoring- 
ground,  on  Mull  coast,  opposite  Iona, 
Argyleshire. 

POLTALLOCH,  ancient  seat  on  south- 
east  shore  of  Loch  Craignish,  Argyleshire. 

POLTIEL,  sea-loch,  2  miles  long,  on 
Duirinish  coast,  Isle  of  Skye. 

POLTON,  village,  1  mile  west  of  Lass- 
wade,  Edinburghshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Mid-Lothian,  and  a  railway 
station.    Pop.  130. 

POLTONHALL,  village  in  Cockpen  parish, 
Edinburghshire.    Pop.  304. 

POLWARTH,  village  and  parish  in  Ber- 
wickshire. The  village  stands  4  miles 
south-west  of  Dunse,  is  an  ancient  place 
under  modern  improvement,  figures  in  the 
song  of  'Polwarth  on  the  Greenland  gives 
the  peerage  title  of  baron  to  the  family  of 
Hepburn  -  Scott.  —  The  parish  contains 
Marchmont  railway  station,  and  its  post 
town  is  Dunse.  It  measures  about  3  miles 
by  2,  and  comprises  3013  acres.  Real 


property  in  1880-81,  £2812.  Pop.  227. 
About  one-third  of  the  land  is  hilly  and 
heathy,  and  the  rest  undulates  gradually 
to  the  east.  Marchmont  House  is  the 
only  mansion.  The  church  stands  within 
Marchmont  grounds,  was  built  in  1703, 
and  succeeded  an  ancient  one  on  the  same 
spot  which  gave  concealment,  in  the  per- 
secuting times  of  Charles  II.,  to  the  Pro- 
testant statesman  Sir  Patrick  Hume,  who 
eventually  became  Earl  of  Marchmont. 
There  are  2  schools  with  capacity  for  91 
scholars. 

POMATHORN,  railway  station,  15  miles 
south  of  Edinburgh. 

POMONA,  largest  of  the  Orkney  Islands. 
It  lies  south-westward  of  the  centre  of 
Orkney,  but  presents  its  south  coast  to 
Scalpa  Flow,  and  its  west  and  north-west 
coast  to  the  Atlantic ;  it  measures  22  miles 
from  east  to  west,  and  17^  from  north  to 
south,  but  probably  not  more  than  150 
square  miles  in  area ;  it  is  deeply  and 
variously  indented,  especially  in  the  east 
and  the  south,  by  sea  inlets  ;  it  includes 
on  the  south-east  a  section  of  about  9  by 
9^  miles,  connected  with  the  rest  by  only 
an  isthmus  of  2|  miles  ;  and  it  presents  a 
surface  of  similar  character  and  diversity 
to  that  of  the  entire  archipelago. 

PONFEIGH,  railway  station,  2  miles 
north-east  of  Douglas,  Lanarkshire.  A 
coal-field  of  same  name  is  adjacent. 

PONIEL,  burn  and  farm,  with  large 
cairn,  in  Douglas  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

POOL,  village  in  Muckart  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

POOLEWE,  village  and  quoad  sacra  par- 
ish on  west  coast  of  Ross-shire.  The  village 
stands  at  head  of  Loch  Ewe,  5  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Gairloch  church,  and  60^ 
west-by-north  of  Dingwall ;  is  a  chief  point 
of  communication  across  the  Minch  with 
Outer  Hebrides  ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Ross-shire,  an  inn, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  51  scholars. — The  parish 
measures  about  20  miles  by  12,  and  was 
constituted  by  ecclesiastical  authority  in 
1838,  and  re-constituted  by  civil  authority 
in  1851.    Pop.  2217. 

POOLTANTON.    See  Piltanton. 

PORT,  village  in  Barvas  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  180. 

PORT,  Perthshire.  See  Monteith  (Port 
of). 

PORT  ALLAN,  creek  and  landing  place, 
2-|  miles  east  of  Whithorn,  "VVigtonshire. 

PORT  ALLEN,  small  harbour,  1J  mile 
south  of  Errol,  Perthshire. 

PORT  APPIN,  hamlet  on  Appin  coast, 
opposite  north  end  of  Lismore  Island, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Argyleshire,  an  inn,  and  a  ferry. 

PORT  ASKAIG,  seaport  village  on  north- 
east coast  of  Islay,  opposite  Jura,  Argyle- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Greenock,  and  a  good  inn. 


FOR 


374 


POR 


PORTA V AIDE,  i^lace,  with  public  school, 
in  Kilfinan  parish,  Argyleshire. 

PORT  BANNATYNE.  See  Kaimesbuegh. 

PORT  CHAISTEL,  creek,  overhung  by 
ruined  old  castle,  in  Tarbat  parish,  north- 
east extremity  of  Ross-shire. 

PORT  CHARLOTTE,  village  on  west 
coast  of  Lochindaal,  opposite  Laggan  Point, 
in  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  is  entirely 
modern,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Green- 
ock, an  inn,  and  a  distillery.    Pop.  502. 

PORT-CORKRIE,  small  bay,  5|  miles 
north-west  of  Mull  of  Galloway,  Wigton- 
shire. 

PORT-CRINAN.    See  Ceinan. 

PORT-CUMMING.    See  Cummingston. 

PORT-DOWNIE,  basin  at  west  end  of 
Union  Canal,  in  Falkirk  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

PORT  -  DUNDAS,  northern  suburb  of 
Glasgow.  It  stands  on  tabular  hill-ridge, 
around  harbour  of  Forth  and  Clyde  and 
Monkland  canals ;  is  chiefly  a  seat  of 
commerce  and  manufacture ;  contains 
large  warehouses,  large  granaries,  and 
an  Established  church  ;  and  presents  the 
curious  appearance  of  lofty  buildings  and 
lines  of  shipping  on  crown  of  steep  ascent, 
GO  or  80  feet  above  adjacent  levels.  Pop. 
4704. 

PORT-EASY,  or  PORTEASSIE,  fishing- 
town,  nearly  2  miles  east  of  Buckie, 
Banffshire.  It  has  a  Methodist  chapel. 
Pop.  1061. 

PORT-EDGAR,  small  harbour,  f  mile 
west  of  Queensferry,  Linlithgowshire. 

PORT  -  E6LINT0N,  terminal  basin  of 
Glasgow  and  Johnstone  Canal,  on  south 
side  of  Glasgow. 

PORT-ELLEN,  seaport  village,  6  miles 
north-east  of  Mull  of  Oa,  in  Islay  Island, 
Argyleshire.  It  is  modern  and  well-built, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  under  Green- 
ock, a-  good  harbour  with  lighthouse,  a 
neat  inn,  a  large  distillery,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  135  scholars.    Pop.  974. 

PORT-ELPHINSTONE,  suburb  of  Inver- 
ury,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Inverury,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  147  scholars.    Pop.  473. 

PORT-ERROL,  village  in  Cruden  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Ellon.    Pop.  493. 

PORTERSTOWN,  place,  with  limeworks, 
in  Keir  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

PORT-GILL,  bay,  8  miles  south-south- 
east of  Portpatrick,  Wigtonshire. 

PORT-GLASGOW,  town  and  parish  on 
north  coast  of  Renfrewshire.  The  town 
stands  on  the  Clyde,  2f  miles  east-south- 
east of  Greenock ;  occupies  a  belt  of  low 
flat  ground  about  300  yards  broad,  im- 
mediately overhung  by  hills  from  561  to 
794  feet  high  ;  was  founded  in  1668  to 
serve  as  the  port  of  Glasgow ;  sustained  a 
check  to  rapidly  increasing  importance  by 
the  deepening  of  the  river  up  to  the  city  ; 
comprises  regularly-aligned,  well-edificed 
streets,  around  a  capacious,  costly,  artificial 


harbour  ;  is  a  royal  burgh,  uniting  with 
Dumbarton,  Renfrew,  Rutherglen,  and 
Kilmarnock  in  sending  a  member  to  Par- 
liament ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  a  railway  station,  3  bank- 
ing offices,  a  weekly  newspaper  office,  3 
hotels,  a  fine  steepled  town  hall,  water 
supply  so  greatly  enlarged  in  1880  as  to 
give  great  facility  for  erection  of  public 
works,  2  Established  churches,  3  Free 
churches,  2  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
Episcopalian  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
a  public  library,  a  new  public  school  with 
capacity  for  700  scholars,  and  7  other 
schools  with  capacity  for  1165.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £47,644.  Pop. 
13,224. — The  parish  excludes  a  western 
part  of  the  town,  measures  about  1%  mile 
by  1,  and  comprises  944  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty of  landward  part  in  1880-81,  £712. 
Pop.  of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia,  10,912  ; 
quoad  sacra,  7556.  The  surface  com- 
prises prolongation  of  the  low  flat  tract 
contiguous  to  the  Clyde,  a  rapid  ascent 
of  green  and  wooded  hill  thence  to  the 
middle,  and  a  tabular  tract  thence  to  the 
southern  boundary.  The  chief  object 
outside  of  the  town  is  Newark  Castle. 

PORT-GORDON,  seaport  village,  2£  miles 
south-west  of  Buckie,  Banffshire.  It  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  under  Fochabers,  a 
banking  office,  and  a  tolerably  good  har- 
bour.   Pop.  732. 

PORT-GOWER,  fishing  village,  2^  miles 
south-west  of  Helmsdale,  Sutherland. 
It  has  an  inn,  a  small  harbour,  and  a 
public  school. 

PORT  HOPETOUN,  terminal  basin  of 
Union  Canal,  in  west  of  Edinburgh. 

PORTINCROSS,  sea-cliff,  300  feet  high, 
and  about  a  mile  long,  at  north  side  of 
entrance  of  Ayr  Bay,  Ayrshire.  A  ruined 
but  tolerably  entire  small  fortalice  of  13th 
century  stands  at  its  base. 

PORTINELLAN,  place,  about  2|  miles 
west  of  Callander,  Perthshire.  It  is  the 
best  starting-place  for  ascending  Benledi. 

PORTINLICK,  ferry  onKyle  of  Sutherland, 
north-west  of  Bonar-Bridge,  Sutherland. 

PORTKALE,  small  bay,  \\  mile  north- 
north-west  of  Portpatrick,  Wigtonshire. 

PORT-KINGSTON.    See  Kingston. 

PORT-KNOCKIE.    See  Poetnockie. 

PORTLETHEN,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  north-east  of  Kincardineshire. 
The  village  stands  on  the  coast,  8  miles 
north-north-east  of  Stonehaven,  and  has  a 
railway  station,  a  church  with  460  sittings, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  234  scholars. 
Pop.  298.  —  The  parish  was  constituted 
in  1856.    Pop.  1610. 

PORTLICH,  village  on  coast  of  Kilmuir- 
Easter  parish,  Ross-shire. 

PORT-LOGAN,  seaport  village,  11  miles 
south-south-east  of  Portpatrick,  Wigton- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  designated  of 
Wigtonshire,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  181  scholars. 

PORTMAHOMACK,   seaport  village  on 


POR 


375 


POR 


Tarbatness,  11  miles  east-north-east  of 
Tain,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Eoss-shire,  2  inns,  and  a  pier 
420  feet  long.    Pop.  293. 

PORMALUAG,  landing-place  on  Lismore 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

PORT-MARY,  creek  and  seat,  6  miles 
east  of  Kirkcudbright.  The  creek  was 
Queen  Mary's  place  of  embarkation  on  her 
flight  to  England. 

PORTMOAK,  parish,  containing  Scotland- 
well  post  office  village  and  Kinriesswood 
village,  on  east  side  of  Kinross-shire.  Its 
length  is  5  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3§ 
miles  ;  its  area  9957  acres.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £11,238.  Pop.  1042.  The 
surface  embraces  more  than  half  of  the 
shores  of  Loch  Leven,  rises  thence  to  the 
summit  of  "West  Lomond  Hill  on  the  east, 
and  the  summit  of  Benartie  on  the  south, 
makes  some  declension  to  the  east,  and 
presents  aggregately  a  rich  and  beautiful 
diversity  of  feature.  Coal,  ironstone,  and 
limestone  are  worked.  The  churches  are 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian. A  monument  to  the  native  poet 
Michael  Bruce  is  in  the  churchyard.  The 
public  school  was  recently  enlarged,  and 
has  capacity  for  160  scholars. 

PORT  MONTEITH.  See  Monteith 
(Port  op). 

PORTMONTGOMERY,  coast  village  of 
17th  century,  now  represented  by  Port- 
patrick,  Wigtonshire. 

PORTMORE,  bay,  with  good  anchorage 
for  large  vessels,  on  west  side  of  Loch 
Ryan,  7-|  miles  north-by-west  of  Stranraer, 
Wigtonshire. 

PORTMORE,  seat  in  Eddlestone  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

PORTMOULIN,  place  near  Corsewall 
lighthouse,  at  north-western  extremity  of 
Wigtonshire. 

PORTMURRAY,  small  bay  in  northern 
vicinity  of  Portpatrick,  Wigtonshire. 

PORTNACROISH,  village  on  north  horn 
of  Appin  Bay,  off  east  side  of  Loch  Linnhe, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  an  inn  and  an  Epis- 
copalian church. 

PORTNACULTER  (RIVER  OF),  Oikell 
river  and  Dornoch  Firth,  forming  boundary 
between  Sutherland  and  Ross-shire. 

PORTNACURRACH,  creek  on  south-west 
coast  of  Iona  Island,  Argyleshire. 

PORTNAFEAMIN,  good  harbour,  with 
quay,  in  Colonsay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

PORTNAHAVEN,  village  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  in  south-west  of  Islay  Island, 
Argyleshire.  The  village  stands  on  the 
coast  adjacent  to  Rhinns  Point  and  Over- 
say  lighthouse,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Greenock,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  56  scholars. 
Pop.  361.  —  The  parish  was  constituted 
originally  by  ecclesiastical  authority,  and 
reconstituted  in  1849  by  civil  authority. 
Pop.  860. 

PORTNAMURLOCH,  harbour  on  west 
side  of  Lismore  Island,  Argyleshire. 


PORTNAUGHAN,  bay  on  west  coast  of 
Kirkcolm  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

PORTNELLAN,  place  on  the  Tummel, 
between  Loch  Tummel  and  Tummel- 
Bridge,  Perthshire. 

PORTNELLAN,  place  on  left  side  of 
upper  part  of  Loch  Katrine,  Perth- 
shire. 

PORTNESSOCK,  bay  on  west  coast  of 
Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

PORTNOCKIE,  fishing  town,  If  mile 
west-north-west  of  Cullen,  Banffshire.  It 
has  a  chapel-of-ease,  a  Free  church,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  120  scholars. 
Pop.  1102. 

PORTOBELLO,  town  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  on  coast  of  Edinburghshire.  The 
town  stands  3  miles  east  of  Edinburgh, 
occupies  part  of  an  extensive  tract  which 
was  all  a  furzy  waste  till  second  half  of 
last  century ;  took  its  name  from  a  small 
house  erected  there  by  a  sailor  who  had 
served  at  the  capture  of  Porto-Bello  in 
South  America  under  Admiral  Vernon  ; 
was  at  first  a  small  village,  now  represented 
by  a  dingy  portion  at  its  north-west  end  ; 
began  about  beginning  of  present  century 
to  assume  the  character  of  a  watering- 
place  and  summer  retreat  for  citizens  of 
Edinburgh  ;  rose  gradually  in  estimation 
till  it  had  from  6000  to  8000  summer  resi- 
dents additional  to  its  stated  inhabitants  ; 
continued  in  1882  to  acquire  increasing 
popularity  and  increasing  motives  for 
extension ;  covered  then  a  gently-sloping 
site  nearly  a  mile  long,  and  about  £  mile 
broad ;  consists  chiefly  of  handsome  streets 
and  numerous  beautiful  detached  villas  ; 
ranks  as  a  parliamentary  burgh,  uniting 
with  Leith  and  Musselburgh  in  sending  a 
member  to  Parliament ;  commands  de- 
lightful views  of  the  waters  and  screens  of 
the  Firth  of  Forth ;  adjoins  at  its  south-east 
end  the  village  of  Joppa ;  and  has  a  head 
post  office  with  all  departments,  a  railway 
station,  tramway  communication  with. 
Edinburgh,  3  banking  offices,  3  chief 
hotels,  a  weekly  newspaper  office,  a  very 
fine  bathing  beach,  a  handsome  marine 
parade,  a  fine  promenade  pier  1250  feet 
long,  constructed  in  1871  at  a  cost  of  about 
£7000,  a  suite  of  hot  and  cold  baths,  a 
roller-skating  rink  of  1876,  a  neat  recent 
town  hall,  used  also  as  a  mission  church, 
a  double  -  towered  parochial  church  pro- 
jected in  1877,  a  steepled  Free  church  of 
that  year  erected  at  a  cost  of  £9000, 
a  spired  United  Presbyterian  church  of 
1880  built  at  a  cost  of  £8500,  another 
United  Presbyterian  church  of  the  same 
year,  reconstructed  from  an  old  church, 
Congregational,  Episcopalian,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  an  ornamental  cemetery 
of  1876,  and  a  public  school  of  that  year 
erected  at  a  cost  of  about  £7000,  and  con- 
taining accommodation  for  more  than  600 
scholars.  Real  property  of  the  burgh  in 
1880-81,  exclusive  of  railways  and  tram- 
ways, £46,927.  Pop.  6794.— The  parish 
consists  chiefly  of  part  of  Duddingston, 


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but  includes  small  part  of  South  Leith. 
Pop.  4504. 

PORT-OF-MONTEITH.  See  Monteith 
(Port  of). 

PORTONKILL,  small  bay  in  Kirkmaiden 
parish,  Wigtonshire. 

PORTOUR,  harbour  on  north  coast  of 
Durness,  Sutherland. 

PORTPATRICK,  seaport  village  and 
parish  on  west  coast  of  "Wigtonshire. 
The  village  stands  at  narrowest  part  of 
North  Channel,  6J  miles  by  road,  but  1\ 
by  railway,  south-west  of  Stranraer,  and 
unobstructedly  opposite  Donaghadee  in 
Ireland ;  took  its  name  from  a  foolish 
legend  about  St.  Patrick;  possessed  im- 
portance for  a  time  as  the  packet  station 
of  Scotland  and  north  of  England  to 
Ireland;  is  ensconced  on  a  small  bay 
within  a  deep  natural  amphitheatre ; 
began  in  1821  to  get  a  grand  artificial 
harbour,  carried  on  till  1843,  and  then 
left  off  incomplete;  lost  its  importance, 
and  began  to  decline,  at  establishment  of 
steam  communication  with  Ireland  by 
more  facile  routes ;  and  now  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Wigtonshire, 
a  terminal  railway  station,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  586.  —  The  parish  measures  5f 
miles  by  4^,  and  comprises  9094  acres. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £6379.  Pop. 
1285.  The  entire  coast  is  a  series  of 
rocks  and  cliffs,  rising  abruptly  or  murally 
from  deep  water,  partly  fissured  and 
cavernous,  and  partly  attaining  heights 
of  about  130  feet.  The  interior  is  ir- 
regularly undulated,  includes  remarkably 
small  aggregate  of  level  ground,  and  con- 
sists largely  of  flat-topped  hills.  Chief 
objects  are  Dunskey  House,  Dunskey 
ruined  castle,  and  two  circular  fortifica- 
tions. 

PORTPATRICK  RAILWAY,  railway,  62J 
miles  long,  from  junction  with  Castle- 
Douglas  and  Dumfries  Eailway  at  Castle- 
Douglas,  curvingly  westward  to  a  point 
near  Portpatrick  village,  with  two  short 
branches  to  respectively  Stranraer  har- 
bour and  north  pier  of  Portpatrick  har- 
bour. It  was  authorized  in  1857  on  a 
capital  of  £460,000  in  shares  and  £150,000 
in  loans ;  and  it  is  worked  by  the  Cale- 
donian. 

PORTRACT,  seat  in  Holywood  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

PORTRAMSAY,  village,  with  large  well- 
sheltered  harbour,  on  west  coast  near 
north-east  end  of  Lismore  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

PORTREE,  sea-loch,  town,  and  parish 
in  Skye  district,  Inverness-shire.  The 
loch  is  on  east  coast  of  Skye  Island,  opens 
from  Raasay  Sound,  strikes  about  1\  miles 
westward,  has  grand  cliffs  guarding  north 
side  of  its  entrance,  is  flanked  and  over- 
hung by  romantic  mountains,  and  forms 
an  excellent  land-locked  natural  harbour. 
— The  town  stands  on  an  eminence  near 


the  loch's  head,  30  miles  west-by-north  of 
Strome  Ferry,  and  109  west  of  Inverness  ; 
got  its  name,  signifying  'king's  harbour,' 
from  a  visit  to  it  by  James  v.  when  making 
a  progress  round  the  Hebrides ;  ranks  as 
the  capital  of  Skye  and  seat  of  sheriff 
courts ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  steam  communication 
southward,  northward,  and  to  Strome 
Ferry  station,  3  banking  offices,  4  hotels, 
some  fine  residences,  Established,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  and  Episcopalian 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
114  scholars.  Pop.  858. — The  parish 
comprises  a  portion  of  Skye  around  the 
town,  and  all  Raasay,  Fladda,  and  Rona 
islands,  and  measures,  inclusive  of  these 
islands  and  the  intersecting  straits,  about 
20  miles  by  12.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£7843.  Pop.  3191.  The  section  in  Skye 
Island  measures  17f  miles  along  the  coast ; 
extends  from  Loch  Inord  on  the  south  to 
a  line  5§  miles  beyond  Portree  on  the 
north ;  has  a  mean  breadth  of  not  more 
than  about  3  miles ;  presents  to  the  sea 
long  ranges  of  stupendous  romantic  cliffs  ; 
includes  some  low  tracts  at  heads  of  lochs 
and  bays  ;  and  consists  chiefly  of  lofty  hills 
and  mountains,  with  an  intersecting  glen. 
Chief,  antiquities  are  two  circular  dunes, 
and  ruins  of  a  Romish  chapel. 

PORTSBURGH,  old  suburb,  once  a  burgh 
of  barony,  west-south- west  of  Grassmarket, 
Edinburgh. 

PORTSEATON,  seaport  village  adjacent 
to  east  end  of  Cockenzie,  Haddington- 
shire. It  had  twelve  salt-pans  in  former 
part  of  17th  century  ;  it  now  shares  in  the 
commerce  and  fisheries  of  Cockenzie  ;  and 
it  acquired  in  1880  a  new  harbour  at  a  cost 
of  £11,000. 

PORTSKERRY,  small  bay  and  fishing 
village  at  mouth  of  river  Halladale,  on 
north  coast  of  Sutherland,  15  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Thurso.    Pop.  387. 

PORT-SONNACHAN,  hamlet  on  east  side 
of  Loch  Awe,  1\  miles  south-west  of  Dal- 
mally,  Argyleshire.    It  has  a  hotel. 

PORTSOY,  seaport  at  terminus  of  branch 
railway,  1\  miles  west  of  Banff.  It  dates 
from  old  times  ;  presents  an  irregular  but 
interesting  appearance  ;  is  notable  for  ex- 
portation of  beautiful  quartz  and  very 
ornamental  serpentine,  found  in  its  vicin- 
ity ;  publishes  a  weekly  newspaper ;  was 
designed  in  1879  to  have  a  public  water 
supply ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Banffshire,  2  banking  offices,  2 
hotels,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  Episcopalian,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  a  public 
school  of  1877  with  accommodation  for  430 
scholars.  Pop.  of  town,  2090 ;  of  quoad 
sacra  parish,  2312. 

PORTUISGEN,  creek  on  south  coast  of 
Ross  district,  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

PORTVADIE,  small  bay  on  east  side  of 
lower  part  of  Loch  Fyne,  Argyleshire. 

PORTVASGO,  small  bay  and  flag  quarry 


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377 


PRE 


near  Rabbit  Island,  in  Kyle  of  Tongue, 
Sutherland. 

PORT-WHAPPLE,  small  bay  in  Sorbie 
parish,  "Wigtonshire. 

PORT-WILLIAM,  seaport  village  on  east 
side  of  Luce  Bay,  7  miles  west-north-west 
of  Whithorn,  Wigtonshire.  It  was  founded 
in  1770  ;  it  presents  a  neat  appearance  ; 
and  it  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Wigtonshire,  a  banking  office,  a  well- 
sheltered  small  harbour,  Free  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  157  scholars.    Pop.  742. 

PORT  WYMS,  village  in  neighbourhood 
of  Portnahaven,  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

PORT  YARROCK,  small  bay,  1J  mile 
north  of  Isle  of  Whithorn,  Wigtonshire. 

POSSIL  PARK,  suburb,  If  mile  north- 
north-west  of  Royal  Exchange,  Glasgow. 
It  covers  the  site  of  Possil  House,  the  seat 
of  the  late  Sir  Archibald  Alison,  Bart. ;  it 
is  all  quite  recent ;  it  consists  chiefly  of 
streets  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles ; 
and  it  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Glasgow,  and  a  chapel- 
of-ease.    Pop.  4594. 

POSSO,  quondam  large  peel  tower  in 
Manor  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

POSSO  (NEW).    See  Dawick. 

POT,  cascade ,  on  Wamphray  rivulet, 
Dumfriesshire. 

POT,  burn,  running  to  Cromarty  Firth, 
on  boundary  between  Nigg  and  Logie- 
Easter  parishes,  Eoss-shire. 

POTARCH.    See  Bridge  of  Potarch. 

POTENTO,  seat  in  Meigle  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

POTTECH,  sea-loch  on  west  coast  of  Isle 
of  Skye. 

POUL-A-GHLOUP,  large  vertical  cavity 
and  long  natural  tide-swept  tunnel  on 
north  coast  of  Durness,  Sutherland. 

POW,  sluggish  rivulet,  going  1\  miles 
north-eastward  to  the  South  Esk  at  3^ 
miles  east  of  Brechin,  Forfarshire. 

POW,  sluggish  rivulet,  going  about  11 
miles  south-westward  to  the  Earn  in 
vicinity  of  Innerpeffray,  Perthshire. 

POW,  sluggish  rivulet,  going  about  8 
miles  mostly  southward  to  Solway  Firth 
at  2f  miles  west  of  Annanfoot,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

POW,  sluggish  rivulet,  going  8  miles 
eastward  to  the  Forth  at  \\  mile  east  of 
Airth  village,  Stirlingshire. 

POW,  sluggish  rivulet,  going  about 
15  miles  round  north  skirt  of  Criffel,  and 
eastward  thence  to  the  Nith  at  2  miles 
east  of  Newabbey,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

POW,  each  of  numerous  sluggish  streams, 
mostly  short,  on  low  flat  lands,  in  many 
parts  of  Scotland. 

POWBATE,  hill  on  east  side  of  Eddie- 
stone  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

POWFOOT,  small  watering-place  on 
Solway  Firth,  3^  miles  west-south-west  of 
Annan,  Dumfriesshire. 

POWFOULIS,  seat  in  Airth  parish,  Stir- 
lingshire. 


POWGAVIE,  small  seaport  on  north  side 
of  Firth  of  Tay,  8  miles  west-south- west 
of  Dundee. 

POWIS,  seat  in  vicinity  of  Old  Aber- 
deen. 

POWMILLION,  rivulet,  running  south- 
eastward to  the  Avon,  through  and  near 
Strathaven  town,  Lanarkshire, 

POWNESS,  affluent  of  Ayr  river,  in 
Muirkirk  parish,  Ayrshire. 

POWRIE,  ruined  old  castle  in  Murroes 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

POWTRAIL,  head-stream  of  the  Clyde, 
running  about  9  miles  north-north-eastward 
to  confluence  with  the  Daer  at  1\  miles 
south  of  Elvanfoot,  Lanarkshire. 

POYNTZFIELD,  seat  and  post  office 
in  Resolis  parish,  Boss-shire.  The  post 
office  is  under  Invergordon. 

PRECEPTOR Y,  a  seat  of  Lord  Torphichen, 
and  interesting  remains  of  chief  seat  of 
Knights  of  St.  John,  in  Torphichen  parish, 
Linlithgowshire . 

PREMNAY,  parish,  containing  Auchleven 
post  office  village,  in  Garioch  district, 
Aberdeenshire.  Its  length  is  4  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth  1\  miles ;  its  area  5431 
acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £4444. 
Pop.  930.  The  surface  is  bisected  by 
Gadie  rivulet,  includes  part  of  Bennochie 
Mountain,  and  consists  elsewhere  of  slopes 
and  little  hills.  Chief  residences  are 
Overhall  and  Licklyhead.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free,  the  former  en- 
larged in  1828,  the  latter  erected  in  1876. 
The  public  school  is  new,  and  has  capacity 
for  120  scholars. 

PRENDERGUEST,  estate  in  Ay  ton  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

PRESHOLM,  place,  with  Roman  Catho- 
lic church  and  bishop's  residence,  in 
Ruthven  parish,  Banffshire. 

PRESS,  place,  with  quondam  stage  inn, 
4|-  miles  north-west  of  Ayton,  Berwick- 
shire. 

PRESSMENNAN,  beautiful  artificial  lake, 
in  Stenton  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

PRESSTELLOCH,  estate  in  Luss  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

PRESTON,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Bunkle,  Berwickshire. 

PRESTON,  decayed  village  \  mile  south- 
west of  Prestonpans,  Haddingtonshire. 
It  contains  an  ancient  pillar-cross,  is  near 
a  ruined  ancient  historical  fortalice,  and 
gave  the  title  of  viscount,  from  1631  till 
1739,  to  the  family  of  Graham. 

PRESTON,  suburb  of  East  Linton,  Had- 
dingtonshire. 

PRESTON,  small  village,  5  miles  east- 
south-east  of  Dalkeith,  Edinburghshire. 

PRESTON,  hamlet,  3  miles  south  of 
Kirkbean,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Dumfries,  and  an  ancient 
cross. 

PRESTON,  islet  in  Firth  of  Forth,  2 
miles  north  of  Borrowstownness. 

PRESTONFIELD,  seat  of  Sir  Robert  K. 
A.  D.  Cunyngham,  Bart.,  in  eastern  vicin- 
ity of  Newington,  Edinburgh. 


PRE 


378 


PRO 


PRESTONGRANGE,  estate  adjacent  to 
south-west  end  of  Prestonpans,  Hadding- 
tonshire. It  belonged  to  the  monks  of 
Newbattle ;  brought  them  much  wealth 
from  salt-making  and  coal-  mining  ;  passed 
to  the  baronet  family  of  Suttie  ;  was  sold 
in  1875  to  a  company,  that  they  might 
work  and  export  its  minerals ;  and  has 
now,  at  Morrison's  Haven,  a  harbour,  en- 
larged and  improved  by  them  at  a  cost  of 
£10,000. 

PRESTONHALL,  seat  near  Preston  vil- 
lage. Edinburghshire. 

PRESTONHALL,  seat  in  Cupar  parish, 
Fife. 

PRESTONHOLM,  village  in  Cockpen 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

PRESTONKIRK,  parish,  containing  East 
Linton  town  and  Preston  suburb,  in  Had- 
dingtonshire. It  has  a  head  post  office 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments ;  and  it  measures  about  7  miles  by 
4,  and  comprises  7058  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £18,615.  Pop.  1929. 
The  surface  is  bisected  by  the  Tyne,  in- 
cludes Traprain-Law,  and  is  elsewhere  little 
diversified.  Chief  seats  are  Smeaton, 
Phantassie,  and  Beanston ;  and  the  chief 
antiquity  is  Hailes  Castle.  The  churches 
are  Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian ;  and  there  are  4  schools  with 
capacity  for  351  scholars. 

PRESTONMILL,  hamlet  in  Kirkbean 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

PRESTONPANS,  town  and  parish  on 
west  coast  of  Haddingtonshire.  The  town 
stands  J  mile  north-north-west  of  railway 
station  of  its  own  name,  at  9^  miles  east 
of  Edinburgh  ;  extends  about  a  mile  along 
the  shore ;  was  long  famous  for  vast 
manufacture  of  salt ;  is  now  notable  for 
oysters  obtained  in  vicinity  of  its  quondam 
salt-pans,  and  thence  called  Pandoor  or 
Pandore  oysters ;  consists  chiefly  of  one 
dingy  crooked  street,  with  grimy  remains 
of  its  salt-pans ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Haddingtonshire,  a  parochial 
church  of  1774,  a  Free  church  of  1878,  and 
a  public  school  of  1881  erected  at  a  cost 
of  £3000.  Pop.  1610.— The  parish  con- 
tains also  Preston  and  Dolphinton  villages 
and  Morrison's  Haven.  Its  length  is 
fully  2-J  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  1^ 
mile  ;  its  area  1291  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £12,341.  Pop.  2573.  The 
shore  is  low  and  sandy,  but  is  faced 
with  low  shattered  reefs,  and  the 
interior  is  mostly  low  and  flat.  Coal  has 
been  worked  from  an  early  period,  and 
continues  to  be  productive.  Prestonpans 
battlefield  of  1745  lies  partly  within  the 
eastern  border,  and  partly  south-eastward 
thence  toward  Tranent. 

PRESTWICK,  town  and  ancient  parish 
on  coast  of  Kyle,  Ayrshire.  The  town 
stands  1\  miles  north  of  Ayr,  dates  from 
very  early  times,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  designated 
of  Ayrshire,  an  ancient  market  cross,  a 


steepled  modern  town  hall,  and  a  ruined 
ancient  church.  Pop.  1064. — The  parish 
is  now  united  to  Monkton. 

PRESTWICK  (NEW),  village,  I  mile  south 
of  Prestwick,  Ayrshire.    Pop.  734. 

PRIEST,  island,  13  miles  west-north-west 
of  Ullapool,  Ross-shire. 

PRIESTHAUGH,  vale  and  ancient  hill- 
fort  in  upper  part  of  Cavers  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

PRIESTHILL,  place,  famous  in  history  of 
the  Covenanters,  about  3|  miles  north-east 
of  Muirkirk,  Ayrshire.  It  contained  the 
domicile  of  the  martyr  John  Brown,  shot 
by  Claverhouse ;  and  it  now  contains  a 
monument  to  his  memory. 

PRIESTHOPE,  glen  in  Innerleithen  par- 
ish, Peeblesshire. 

PRIESTINCH,  low  precipitous  hill,  three- 
fourths  engirt  by  bog,  and  formerly  crowned 
with  rude  fortification,  on  south  border  of 
Abercorn  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

PRIESTLAW,  estate,  with  large,  strong, 
oval  ancient  camp,  in  south-east  extremity 
of  Whittingham  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

PRIEST'S  BURN,  brook,  running  to 
Lindores  Loch,  in  north-east  corner  of 
Fife.  It  flows  in  the  greatest  drought, 
and  never  freezes  in  the  keenest  frost. 

PRIEST'S  CRAIG,  rocky  height,  con- 
tiguous to  Loch  Ard,  in  south-west  corner 
of  Perthshire. 

PRIEST'S  CRAIG,  fresh-water  well  and 
rocky  height  onRathven  coast,  Banffshire. 

PRIEST'S  CROWN,  place,  where  Roman 
relics  have  been  found,  in  Eckford  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

PRIEST'S  ISLE,  wooded  islet,  with  re- 
mains of  priest's  dwelling,  in  lower  part 
of  Loch  Awe,  Argyleshire. 

PRIEST'S  ISLE,  Ross-shire.  See  Priest. 

PRIMSIDE,  lake  about  a  mile  west  of 
Yetholm.  Roxburghshire. 

PRINCE  CHARLES'  CAVE,  cave,  2  miles 
north  of  mouth  of  Loch  Portree,  on  east 
coast  of  Isle  of  Skye.  It  gave  shelter  to 
Prince  Charles  Edward  in  1746,  and  it 
displays  beautiful  stalactites. 

PRINCE  CHARLES'  CAVE,  cave  near 
middle  of  east  side  of  Loch  Scavaig,  in 
Isle  of  Skye.  It  gave  shelter  to  Prince 
Charles  Edward  in  1746. 

PRINCE'S  CAVE,  cave  near  middle  of 
east  coast  of  South  Uist  Island,  Outer 
Hebrides.  It  gave  shelter  to  Prince  Charles 
Edward  for  some  days  in  1746. 

PRINLAWS,  suburb  of  Leslie,  Fife.  Pop. 
1253. 

PRINTFIELD,  manufacturing  village  on 
the  Dee,  near  Aberdeen. 

PRIOR-BANK,  seat  near  Melrose,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

PRIOSMHEALL,  hill  in  Bracadale  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

PROAIG,  small  bay  near  middle  of  east 
coast  of  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

PROCRIBE,  burn  in  Muirkirk  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

PROSEN,  small  river,  running  about  16 
miles  south-eastward  to  the  South  Esk  at 


PRO 


379 


QUE 


3  miles  north-north-east  of  Kirriemuir,  in 
Forfarshire.  The  upper  and  middle  parts 
of  its  basin  are  the  deep  glen,  called  from 
it  Glenprosen,  among  the  Benchinnan 
Mountains. 

PROSPECT  HILL,  part  of  Mount  Florida 
suburb  in  northern  vicinity  of  Glasgow. 

PROTRACT,  seat  on  the  Nith  in  vicinity 
of  Holywood  village,  Dumfriesshire. 

PROTSTONHILL,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Gamrie  parish,  Banffshire. 

PROUDFOOT,  promontory  in  Wick 
parish,  Caithness. 

PROVANMILL,  village,  2|  miles  north- 
east of  Glasgow. 

PUBILL,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Glenlyon,  Perthshire. 

PUDDLE,  burn,  running  to  the  Tyne, 
on  west  border  of  Haddingtonshire. 

PULPIT-ROCK,  recess,  with  excavation, 
on  rock-face,  serving  the  purpose  of  a 
church,  on  west  side  near  head  of  Loch 
Lomond. 

PULROSSIE,  estate  in  Dornoch  parish, 
Sutherland. 

PULTENEYTOWN,  modern  extension 
and  main  portion  of  Wick  town,  Caith- 
ness. It  stands  on  south  bank  of  Wick 
river,  while  Wick-proper  and  Louisburgh 
stand  on  north  bank.  It  is  all  regularly- 
aligned  and  pleasant,  while  they  are 
irregularly-aligned  and  unpleasant ;  it 
includes  the  town's  harbour,  seat  of 
manufactures,  and  centre  of  trade ;  and 
while  sharing  the  benefits  of  their  public 
buildings  and  institutions,  it  has  within 
itself  a  post  office  with  money  order 
department  under  Wick,  Established, 
Free,  and  LTnited  Presbyterian  churches, 
a  large  academy,  and  2  large  primary 
public  schools.    Pop.  4884.    See  Wick. 

PUMPHERSTON,  quondam  old  castle  in 
Mid-Calder  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

PURDOVAN,  seat,  2|  miles  east  of  Lin- 
lithgow. 

PURVESHALL,  seat  in  Eccles  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

PYKE-STANE.    See  Hell's  Cleugh. 

PYKETHOWE,  mountain  on  mutual 
border  of  Dumfriesshire  and  Roxburgh- 
shire, 8  miles  north  of  Langholm. 


QUAICH.  _  See  Queich. 

QUAIR,  rivulet,  running  about  7  miles 
northward  to  the  Tweed  in  vicinity  of 
Innerleithen,    Peeblesshire.      See  Tba- 

QUAIK. 

QUANTERNESS,  headland,  with  inte- 
resting Picts'  house,  2  miles  north-west 
of  Kirkwall,  Orkney. 

QUARFF,  ancient  parish  and  modern 
quoad  sacra  parish  in  south  of  Shetland. 
The  ancient  parish  extends  across  Mainland 
from  sea  to  sea,  between  Lerwick  and 
Dunrossness  parishes ;  gives  name  to  two 
bays,  East  and  West,  at  its  extremities  ; 
comprises  a  valley  about  2  miles  long  and  \ 
mile  broad,  flanked  on  both  sides  by  pas- 
toral hills  ;  and  is  now  annexed  to  Bressay. 


— The  quoad  sacra  parish  comprises  Quarff- 
proper  and  Burra,  the  latter  consisting  of 
islands  to  the  west ;  was  constituted  by 
ecclesiastical  authority  in  1833,  and  re- 
constituted by  civil  authority  at  a  later 
date ;  contains  a  post  office  of  Burra 
under  Lerwick ;  and  has  2  parochial 
churches,  a  United  Presbyterian  church, 
and  a  Baptist  chapel. 

QUARREL,  burn  in  Dollar  parish, 
Clackmannanshire. 

QUARREL,  knoll,  said  to  have  been  a 
place  of  Pictavian  military  games,  in 
Abernethy  parish,  Perthshire. 

QUARRELTON,  collier  village  in  southern 
vicinity  of  Johnstone,  Renfrewshire.  It  has 
a  public  school  with  about  215  scholars. 

QUARRELWOOD,  site  of  quondam 
notable  Reformed  Presbyterian  church, 
in  Kirkmahoe  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

QUARROLSHORE,  village,  now  called 
Carronshore,  in  Larbert  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

QUARRYHILL,  huge  mass  of  conglomer- 
ate rock  in  western  vicinity  of  Melrose, 
Roxburghshire. 

QUARRYPARK,  place,  with  flagstone 
quarries,  in  Rescobie  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

QUARRYWOOD,  place,  with  very  fine 
durable  sandstone  quarries,  in  New  Spynie 
parish,  Elginshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Elgin. 

QUARTER,  village,  3  miles  south  of 
Hamilton,  Lanarkshire.  It  adjoins  ex- 
tensive collieries,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Hamilton,  extensive  ironworks,  a  chapel- 
of-ease,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
200  scholars. 

QUARTER,  seat  mile  north-west  of 
Denny,  Stirlingshire. 

QUARTER,  seat,  in  Broughton  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

QUARTER  ROAD,  railway  station  in 
vicinity  of  Quarter  village,  Lanarkshire. 

QUEENISH,  small  village  in  Mull  Is- 
land, Argyleshire. 

QUEENSBERRY,  mountain,  culminating 
at  15  miles  north  of  Dumfries.  It  projects 
from  convergence  of  two  ranges  of  Southern 
Highlands ;  presents  a  bold  acclivitous 
front  overlooking  all  Southern  Nithsdale 
and  Annandale  ;  has  a  summit  altitude  of 
2285  feet  above  sea-level ;  and  gave  to  a 
branch  of  the  Douglas  family  the  titles  of 
earl  in  1633,  marquis  in  1682,  and  duke  in 
1684.  These  titles  became  extinct  in  the 
direct  line  in  1810  ;  and  then  those  of  earl 
and  marquis  went  to  Sir  Charles  Douglas 
of  Kelhead,  and  that  of  duke  went  to  the 
Duke  of  Buccleuch. 

QUEENSBERRY,  or  POWFOOT,  small 
watering  -  place  in  Cummertrees  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

QUEENSFERRY,  town  and  parish  on 
coast  of  Linlithgowshire.  The  town  stands 
at  terminus  of  short  branch  railway,  amid 
charming  environs,  contiguous  to  con- 
tracted part  of  Firth  of  Forth,  9  miles 
west  -  north  -  west  of  Edinburgh  ;  got  its 


QUE 


380 


QUI 


name  from  being  the  place  where  Malcolm 
Canmore's  queen  made  numerous  passages 
between  Edinburgh  and  Dunfermline ; 
has  always  since  her  time,  especially  till 
the  railway  epoch,  been  a  main  ferry 
station  on  the  Forth ;  adjoins  the  site 
which  was  selected  for  erection  of  the 
stupendous  Forth  railway  bridge  ;  ranks 
as  a  royal  burgh,  uniting  with  Inverkeith- 
ing,  Dunfermline,  Culross,  and  Stirling  in 
sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  presents 
an  uninviting  appearance,  yet  serves  as  a 
quiet  watering-place ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  a  railway  station,  a  banking 
office,  a  town  hall  with  ancient  steeple, 
remains  of  a  Carmelite  friary,  Established 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  200  scholars. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4642.  Pop. 
1676. — The  parish  excludes  part  of  the 
town,  and  comprises  only  11  acres.  Pop. 
1064. 

QUEENSFERRY  (NORTH),  village  on 
Fife  coast  of  Firth  of  Forth,  directly 
opposite  Queensferry,  and  2  miles  south 
of  Inverkeithing.  It  is  the  ferry  station 
for  the  passage  from  Queensferry ;  it 
adjoins  the  site  selected  for  north  end  of 
Forth  railway  bridge ;  and  it  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Fife,  good  ferry 
piers,  fragments  of  a  castle  of  James  iv.'s 
time  and  of  a  dismantled  fort  of  1779,  a 
quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  and  a  Free 
church  evolved  from  a  mission  station  in 
1880.  Pop.  of  village,  360;  of  quoad 
sacra  parish,  416. 

QUEENSHILL,  estate  in  Tongland  par- 
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire. 

QUEENSIDE,  lake  in  Lochwinnoch  par- 
ish, Renfrewshire. 

QUEEN'S  PARK,  royal  demesne  contigu- 
ous to  east  side  of  Edinburgh.  It  extends 
eastward,  south-eastward,  and  southward 
from  Holyrood  Palace  ;  measures  nearly  5 
miles  in  circuit  ;  comprehends  Arthur's 
Seat,  Salisbury  Crag,  part  of  St.  Leonard's 
Hill,  and  a  rich  diversity  of  plain,  slope, 
and  ravine  around  them ;  was  long  a 
natural  forest ;  underwent  enclosure  in 
time  of  James  V. ,  rich  ornamentation  to- 
ward time  of  Queen  Mary,  and  great 
desolation  in  time  of  Cromwell ;  passed 
afterwards  from  the  crown  into  such 
common  uses  as  reduced  much  of  its  low- 
lying  parts  to  a  state  of  morass ;  was 
repurchased  by  the  crown  in  1844  for 
£30,674 ;  was  then  for  a  number  of  years 
raised  to  a  condition  of  much  embellish- 
ment, and  acquired  then  a  grand  circular 
drive  in  winding  line  around  its  border, 
commanding  splendid  views,  and  open  to 
the  public. 

QUEEN'S  PARK,  public  park  and  suburb 
adjacent  to  Crossbill,  in  southern  outskirts 
of  Glasgow.  The  park  comprises  about 
100  acres,  is  beautifully  laid  out,  rises 
gently  to  a  central  roundish  summit,  and 
commands  there  a  rich,  extensive  view. 


— The  suburb  includes  portions  bearing 
other  names,  and  contains  three  churches, 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian.   Pop.  4781. 

QUEEN'S  SEAT,  peak  of  Carberry  Hill, 
3  miles  south-east  of  Musselburgh,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

QUEEN'S  SEAT,  rock  on  top  of  Cathkin 
Hill,  3j  miles  south-east  of  Glasgow. 
m  QUEEN'S  VIEW,  commanding  spot  on  east 
side  of  pass  of  Killiecrankie,  Perthshire. 

QUENDAL,  bay  and  seat  in  Dunrossness 
parish,  Shetland. 

QUIECH,  rivulet  and  lake  describing 
segment  of  circle  about  7  miles  long  to 
head  of  Glengarry,  on  north-west  border 
of  Inverness-shire. 

QUIECH,  rivulet,  descending  about  6 
miles  with  great  curve  from  Cairngorm 
mountain  Benaven  to  the  Dee,  a  little 
west  of  Castleton-Braemar,  Aberdeenshire. 
Part  of  it  is  a  powerful  cataract  over  a 
series  of  precipitous  ledges. 

QUIECH,  rivulet,  running  about  6  miles 
in  semi-circular  line  to  Loch  Fraochy,  and 
through  that  to  the  river  Bran,  at  about 
10  miles  west-south-west  of  Dunkeld, 
Perthshire. 

QUIECH,  two  rivulets,  north  and  south, 
running  about  6  miles  eastward  from  the 
Ochil  Hills  to  Loch  Leven,  the  latter  at 
Kinross  town,  the  former  at  about  1^  mile 
to  the  north. 

QUIEN,  lake  on  mutual  border  of  Rothe- 
say and  Kingarth  parishes,  Isle  of  Bute. 

QUINAG,  precipitous  pinnacled  moun- 
tain ridge,  with  summit  2240  feet  high,  on 
north  side  of  Loch  Assynt,  west  of  Suther- 
land. 

QUINZIE,  hill  burn  in  Kilsyth  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

QUIRAING,  wild,  romantic,  elliptical 
hollow  on  summit  of  rugged,  precipitous, 
basaltic  mountain,  1\  miles  west  of  Stein- 
scholl,  in  Isle  of  Skye.  It  is  entered  by 
a  steep  narrow  passage,  overhung  by 
pyramidal  rock  about  120  feet  high ;  it 
measures  about  300  feet  by  180 ;  it  is  en- 
girt by  mural  rocks  in  separate  pieces, 
chiefly  with  columnar  and  pyramidal 
forms ;  and  it  commands  through  the 
clefts  among  the  pieces  very  striking  views 
southward  in  Skye,  and  eastward,  to  the 
mountains  of  Ross  and  Sutherland. 

QUIVOX  (ST.),  parish,  containing 
"Wallacetown  and  Content  sections  of  Ayr, 
and  post  office  village  of  "Whitletts,  in 
Ayrshire.  Its  length  is  5  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  3  miles  ;  its  area  4876 
acres.  Real  property  of  landward  j)art  in 
1879-80,  £13,151.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
7352 ;  quoad  sacra,  1429.  The  river 
Ayr  traces  all  the  northern  boundary. 
The  land  in  the  west  and  centre  is  low  and 
level ;  in  the  east  is  somewhat  tumulated  ; 
and  everywhere,  except  under  buildings 
or  wood,  is  arable.  Coal  and  excellent 
sandstone  abound  and  are  worked.  Chief 
seats  are  Auchincruive  and  Craigie.  The 
parochial  church  stands  about  3  miles  from 


QUO 


381 


RAI 


the  town,  and  a  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  and  seven  other  places  of  worship 
are  in  Wallacetown.  Two  public  schools 
with  each  about  110  scholars  are  in  the 
landward  part,  and  others  are  in  Wallace- 
town. 

QUOICH.    See  Quiech. 

QUOTHQUAN,  village,  hill,  and  ancient 
parish  in  upper  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The 
village  stands  1J  mile  east  of  Thankerton, 
has  a  public  school,  and  had  a  strong 
baronial  fortalice,  which  was  destroyed 
by  the  Regent  Moray  after  the  battle  of 
Langside. — The  hill  rises  a  little  south 
of  the  village,  attains  a  height  of  about 
600  feet  above  the  level  of  adjacent  reach 
of  the  Clyde,  is  verdant  to  the  summit, 
and  has  there  a  large  unhewn  stone,  called 
"Wallace's  Chair,  and  said  to  have  been 
the  council-seat  of  Sir  William  Wallace 
with  his  followers  on  eve  of  the  battle 
of  Biggar. — The  parish  was  annexed  in 
1660  to  Libberton. 

QUOYAFIRTH,  sea-loch  on  east  coast  of 
Northmaven  parish,  Shetland. 

QUOYHOUSE,  branch  of  Cliff  sea-loch  in 
Unst  Island,  Shetland. 

QUOYLOO,  place  in  Sandwick  parish, 
Orkney.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Strom- 
ness. 

QUYTEFIELD,  ancient  chapelry  in  In- 
verkeilor  parish,  Forfarshire.  Its  bury- 
ing-ground  and  remains  of  its  chapel  still 
exist. 


RAASAY,  sound  and'  island  in  Skye  dis- 
trict, Inverness-shire.  The  sound  separates 
the  island  from  Isle  of  Skye ;  extends 
northward  from  mouth  of  Loch  Sligachan 
in  Isle  of  Skye ;  projects  from  its  west 
side  Loch  Portree  ;  and  measures  14  miles 
in  length,  and  from  1  mile  to  4  miles  in 
width. — The  island  flanks  all  the  sound's 
east  side ;  has  mostly  a  breadth  of  about 
2  miles ;  consists  chiefly  of  a  hill-ridge, 
rising  in  many  parts  to  heights  of  about 
1000  feet,  and  in  one  part  to  a  height 
of  1500  feet ;  is  mostly  moorish,  but  in- 
cludes arable  lands,  coppices,  and  some 
grand  cliffs ;  and  contains  a  post  office 
under  Portree,  the  fine  modern  mansion 
of  Raasay  House,  the  dilapidated  masses 
of  Brochel  Castle,  and  a  Free  church. 
Pop.  458. 

RAASAY,  small  island  in  Glenelg  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

RABBIT  ISLANDS,  three  islets  in  Kyle 
of  Tongue,  Sutherland. 

RACHAN,  mansion,  two  fine  lakelets, 
and  an  isolated  green  hill,  on  north 
border  of  Glenholm  parish,  Peebles- 
shire. 

RACHANMILL,  place  near  Rachan  man- 
sion, Peeblesshire,  5  miles  south-east  of 
Biggar.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Biggar. 

RACKS,  railway  station,  3f  miles  south- 
east of  Dumfries. 


RACKWICK,  place,  with  fibrous  gypsum, 
in  Sandwick  parish,  Orkney. 

RADDER,  remains  of  strong  old  fortalice 
on  north  side  of  Iveiss  Bay,  Caithness. 

RADERNIE,  village  and  limestone  quarry 
in  Cameron  parish,  Fife. 

RAE,  lake  in  Kinloch  parish,  Perthshire. 

RAEBERRY,  quondam  strong  castle  on 
crown  of  terrific  coast  precipice,  5  miles 
south-by-east  of  Kirkcudbright. 

RAEBURNFOOT,  farm,  with  traces  of 
Roman  camp,  in  Gretna  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

RAEBURNFOOT,  hamlet  adjacent  to 
Saxon  camp,  in  Eskdalemuir  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

RAECLEUGH,  upland  tract  in  Moffat 
parish,  but  within  southern  border  of 
Lanarkshire. 

RAECLEUGH,  farm,  with  remains  of 
Roman  camp,  in  Westruther  parish,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

RAECLEUGHHEAD,  place,  with  remains 
of  two  ancient  military  stations,  in  Lang- 
ton  parish,  Berwickshire. 

RAE  DIKE,  old  earthen  fence  along 
north-western  boundary  of  Garvock  parish, 
and  probably  around  ancient  Garvock 
forest,  in  Kincardineshire.  Many  traces 
of  it  still  exist. 

RAEHILLS,  seat  of  Johnstone  of  Annan- 
dale  on  Kinnel  river,  13  miles  north-east 
of  Dumfries. 

RAEMOIR,  estate  including  part  of 
Hill  of  Fare,  in  Banchory-Ternan  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

RAEMORE,  detached  section  of  Caputh 
parish,  surrounded  by  Clunie,  in  Perthshire. 

RAES,  ravine  and  limeworks  in  Carluke 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

RAFFLES,  old  peel  tower  in  Mouswald 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

RAFFORD,  village  and  parish  in  west  of 
Elginshire.  The  village  stands3miles  south- 
east of  Forres,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Forres,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  2  public  schools  with  about  141  scholars. 
— The  parish  measures  about  8  miles  by  5, 
and  comprises  12,456  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £6786.  Pop.  1052.  The 
northern  section  is  low,  flat,  and  fertile  ; 
the  central  section  is  undulated  arable 
land,  diversified  by  moors  and  lakes ;  and 
the  southern  section  is  rough,  rocky, 
moorish  upland.  The  seats  are  Altyre, 
Blervie,  and  Burgie  ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  Sweno's  Stone  or  Forres 
Pillar,  a  similar  sculptured  obelisk  at 
Altyre,  and  Burgie  Castle.  There  are.  3 
schools  for  171  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for 
30  is  new. 

RAIGMORE,  seat  in  Inverness  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

RAILSBURGH,  headland  in  Nesting  par- 
ish, Shetland. 

RAINBERG,  hill,  1495  feet  high,  near 
middle  of  west  side  of  Jura  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

RAINNIESHILLS,  estate  in  New  Machar 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 


EAI 


382 


EAS 


RAISS,  ruined  castle  on  Levern  rivulet, 
miles  south-east  of  Paisley,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

RAIT,  village  in  Kilspindie  parish,  Perth- 
shire.   It  has  a  post  office  under  Errol. 

RAIT,  ruined  ancient  castle  of  the 
Oomyns,  on  east  side  of  Nairn  river,  2 
miles  south  of  Nairn. 

RAITH,  estate  with  mansion,  1J  mile 
west  of  centre  of  Kirkcaldy,  Fife.  It  be- 
longed to  the  ancestors  of  the  Earl  of 
Leven,  and  gives  him  the  peerage  title  of 
baron.  The  grounds  around  the  mansion 
contain  the  site  of  a  residence  of  the 
abbots  of  Dunfermline,  are  extensive  and 
ornate,  and  have  a  beautiful  lake  2\  miles 
in  circuit,  and  a  lofty  tower  surmounting 
a  hill  and  commanding  a  magnificent 
view. 

RAITS,  burn,  running  to  the  Spey,  in 
Alvie  parish,  Inverness-shire.  A  cavern, 
once  a  stronghold  of  bandits,  is  adjacent  to 
it. 

RALIA,  hamlet  in  Kingussie  parish, 
Inverness-shire. 

RALSTON,  seat  in  Abbey-Paisley  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

R  ALSTON-NEWTON.  See  Newton- 
Ralston. 

RAMMERS  CALES,  seat  in  Dalton  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

RAMNA,  group  of  very  high,  tower-like, 
insulated  rocks  near  northern  extremity 
of  Northmaven  parish,  Shetland. 

RAMORE,  part  of  the  highest  of  the 
three  land  ledges  in  Eddertoun  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

RAMORNIE,  seat  in  vicinity  of  Lady- 
bank,  Fife. 

RAMPHORLIE.    See  Ranfurly. 

RAMSAY.    See  Port  Ramsay. 

RAMSAYCLEUGH,  place,  18  miles  from 
Selkirk.    It  has  a  post  office  under  Selkirk. 

RAMSNESS,  headland  in  south  of  Fetlar 
Island,  Shetland. 

RANDERSTONE,  seat  and  headland  7 
miles  south-east  of  St.  Andrews,  Fife. 

RANDIEFORD,  place  among  the  Lennox 
Hills,  9  miles  south-west  of  Stirling. 

RANDOLPH  BRIDGE,  picturesque  spot 
on  Findhorn  river,  7  miles  south-south- 
west of  Forres,  Elginshire. 

RANDOLPH  FIELD,  place,  with  stand- 
ing-stones, memorials  of  battle  of  Ban- 
nockburn,  in  southern  outskirts  of  Stir- 
ling. 

RANDOLPH  HILL,  place  on  Carron 
river,  in  Denny  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

RANFURLY,  ruined  baronial  castle  of 
Knox  family,  If  mile  north-north-west 
of  Kilbarchan,  Renfrewshire.  It  gives 
the  titles  of  baron  and  earl  to  the  Irish 
branch  of  the  Knoxes ;  and  it  is  notable 
as  having  belonged  to  the  ancestors  of 
the  Reformer  John  Knox. 

RANGAY,  lake  and  remains  of  ancient 
fortification  in  Latheron  parish,  Caithness. 

RANGE,  strong  circular  ancient  camp 
on  hill  with  commanding  view  of  Annan- 
dale,  in  Dalton  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 


RANKEILOUR,  seat  in  Monimail  parish, 
Fife. 

RANKINSTON,  village  in  Coylton  par- 
ish, Ayrshire.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  under  Ayr. 
Pop.  954. 

RANKLE,  burn,  running  about  8  miles 
deviously  northward,  along  a  very  secluded 
glen,  to  Ettrick  river,  at  3f  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Ettrick  hamlet,  Selkirkshire. 

RANNACHIE,  moor,  2  miles  south  of 
Buckie,  Banffshire.  It  appears  to  have 
been  the  scene  of  the  hottest  part  of 
great  battle  between  the  Scotch  and  the 
Danes  in  960. 

RANNES,  seat  in  Kennethmont  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

RANNOCH,  lake  in  Perthshire  and  dis- 
trict partly  also  in  Argyleshire.  The  lake 
discharges  Tummel  river  at  Kinloch- 
Rannoch  village,  21  miles  west  of  Pit- 
lochrie ;  extends  thence  westward  about 
10  miles,  with  mean  breadth  of  about  7 
furlongs ;  is  nearly  overhung  at  east  side 
of  its  foot  by  Schichallion,  and  flanked 
along  both  sides  by  ranges  of  lofty  hill 
and  mountain ;  contains,  near  its  head, 
an  artificial  islet,  once  used  as  an  asylum 
and  a  prison;  and  commands,  from  its 
surface,  a  clear  view  far  westward  to  the 
mountain-peaks  of  Glencoe.  Birch  cop- 
pices and  cultivated  spots  fleck  its  north 
flank ;  a  pine  forest  covers  all  the  lower 
half  of  its  south  flank ;  Dall  mansion  is 
on  its  south  shore,  4J  miles  from  the  foot ; 
and  Rannoch  Lodge,  a  seat  of  Sir  Robert 
Menzies,  Bart.,  is  at  its  head. — The  dis- 
trict commences  at  some  distance  east 
of  the  lake's  foot ;  extends  about  28  miles 
westward,  with  mean  breadth  of  about 
12  miles ;  possesses  considerable  amenity 
along  its  centre  to  a  brief  distance  from 
the  lake's  head ;  forms  thence  a  dismal 
moor,  the  largest  and  most  hideous  in 
Scotland ;  and  there  includes  repulsive 
pools,  black  morasses,  and  the  sinuous, 
unsightly  Loch  Lydoch,  within  a  gap 
between  south-west  end  of  Central  Gram- 
pians and  north  end  of  the  great  moun- 
tain-range going  southward  to  Firth  of 
Clyde. 

RANNOCH  BRIDGE.  See  Randolph 
Bridge. 

RANZA.    See  Loch  Ranza. 

RAPLOCH,  village  within  Stirling  burgh, 
overhung  by  the  castle,  at  £  mile  west- 
north-west  of  Stirling  bridge.  It  has  a 
public  school  with  about  39  scholars. 

RAPLOCH,  seat,  braes,  and  colliery  in 
Dalserf  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

RAPNESS,  headland  and  small  bay  in 
south-east  of  Westrav  Island,  Orkney. 

RARICHIE  (EASTER  and  WESTER), 
places  with  respectively  vestige  of  ancient 
fort  and  copious  medicinal  spring,  in  Nigg 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

RARNISH,  village  in  Lochs  parish, 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  419. 

RASAY,  stream,  running  5  miles  south- 
south-eastward  from  Loch  Garve  to  Conan 


EAS 


383 


RAV 


river  at  6  miles  south-west  of  Dingwall, 
Ross-shire.  It  makes  a  cascade  somewhat 
similar  to  the  Falls  of  Tivoli  in  Italy. 

RASAY,  Inverness-shire.    See  Raasay. 

RASHELIE,  prime  sandstone  quarry  in 
Inchinnan  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

RATHEN,  rivulet  and  parish  near  north- 
east extremity  of  Aberdeenshire.  The 
rivulet  runs  about  9  miles  eastward  and 
north-eastward  to  the  sea  at  2  miles  south- 
east of  Fraserburgh. — The  parish  is  partly 
traversed,  partly  bounded  by  the  rivulet ; 
has  a  railway  station  2§  miles  south-south- 
east of  Fraserburgh ;  and  contains  the 
villages  of  Cairnbulg,  Inverallochy,  and 
Charleston.  Its  length  is  about  7  miles ; 
its  greatest  breadth  about  4  miles  ;  its 
area  9587  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,048.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2825; 
quoad  sacra,  1248.  The  coast  has  an 
extent  of  2f  miles,  includes  Cairnbulg 
Point,  and  is  partly  flat  and  sandy,  partly 
low  and  rocky.  The  interior  comprises 
much  low  good  land,  and  includes  part  of 
Mormond  Hill.  Limestone  abounds,  and 
is  worked.  Chief  seats  are  Memsey  and 
Mormond ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  a 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  a  large  cairn,  and 
the  ruins  of  Cairnbulg  and  Inverallochy 
castles.  The  churches  are  2  Established 
and  1  Free.  There  are  2  public  schools 
with  about  443  scholars. 

RATHILLET,  estate,  with  mansion,  hill, 
and  United  Presbyterian  church,  in  Kil- 
many  parish,  Fife. 

RATH  M  ORE  AL,  ancient  parish,  now 
divided  between  Kennethmont  and  Insch, 
Aberdeenshire. 

RATHO,  village  and  parish  in  north-west 
of  Edinburghshire.  The  village  stands 
about  a  mile  south  of  railway  station  of 
its  own  name,  8J  miles  west-by-south  of 
Edinburgh ;  was  long  a  place  of  consider- 
able importance  ;  decayed,  and  underwent 
revival ;  presents  now  a  modern  pleasant 
appearance  ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Mid-Lothian,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  104  scholars.  Pop.  713. — The  parish 
contains  also  Bonnington  village,  measures 
5^-  miles  by  3J,  and  comprises  6147  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £20,321.  Pop. 
1815.  The  north-eastern  section  is 
flattish,  but  slightly  undulating ;  the 
south-eastern  section  runs  up  to  the  iso- 
lated, rocky,  picturesque  summits  of 
Dalmahoy  and  Kaimes ;  and  the  western 
section  is  a  tumulated  low  plateau.  Chief 
seats  are  Dalmahoy,  Ratho,  Hatton,  Bon- 
nington, Norton,  Ashley,  and  Millburn 
Tower ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  two 
camps.  There  are  3  schools  with  capacity 
for  365  scholars. 

RATHVEN,  village  and  parish  on  coast 
of  Banffshire.  The  village  stands  1J  mile 
north-east  of  Buckie,  and  contains  the 
parochial  church  with  1000  sittings,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  105  scholars. — 
The  parish  contains  also  the  post  town  of 


Buckie,  the  town  of  Portnockie,  the  vil- 
lages of  Port-Gordon,  Porteasie,  Findochtie, 
and  New  Tannachie,  and  part  of  the  burgh 
of  Cullen.  Its  length  is  10  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  5  miles ;  its  area  23,165 
acres.  Real  property,  exclusive  of  Cullen 
portion,  in  1880-81,  £26,791.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  quoad  civilia,  10,931 ;  quoad  sacra, 
4492.  The  surface  comprises  some  good 
low  ground  on  the  coast,  but  is  elsewhere 
a  congeries  of  hills,  and  includes  a  con- 
spicuous summit  945  feet  high.  Limestone, 
sandstone,  and  slate  abound,  and  are 
worked.  Perennial  springs  are  plenti- 
ful, and  three  of  them  are  medicinal. 
Chief  seats  are  Letterfourie,  Cairnfield, 
Burnside,  Tannachie,  Presholm,  and 
Buckie  Lodge ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
numerous  cairns,  portions  of  several  Cale- 
donian stone  circles,  ruins  of  two  old 
castles,  and  remains  of  an  old  mansion  and 
an  old  chapel.  The  churches  are  3  Estab- 
lished, 2  Free,  2  United  Presbyterian,  2 
Episcopalian,  and  2  Roman  Catholic.  There 
are  10  schools  for  1969  scholars,  and  5  of 
them  for  420  are  new. 

RATSHILL,  tufaceous  eminence  near 
Broughton  village,  Peeblesshire, 

RATTACHAN.    See  Maam-Rattachan. 

RATTER,  seat  on  coast  of  Dunnet  par- 
ish, and  burn  running  north-north-west- 
ward to  the  sea  near  that  seat,  in 
Caithness. 

RATTRAY,  two  suburbs  and  a  parish 
in  north-east  of  Perthshire.  The  suburbs 
are  New  Rattray  and  Old  Rattray ;  they 
stand  nearly  contiguous  to  each  other, 
on  left  bank  of  Ericht  river,  opposite 
Blairgowrie  ;  they  are,  as  to  both  position 
and  social  interests,  suburban  to  that 
town  ;  each  has  a  post  office  under  it, 
that  of  New  Rattray  with  money  order 
department ;  and  they  contain  a  number 
of  factories,  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  large  public 
school.  Pop.  2533.  —  The  parish  con- 
sists of  a  main  body  measuring  about  5J 
miles  by  2 J,  and  a  detached  district  lying  3§ 
miles  to  the  north-north- west  and  measur- 
ing 1J  mile  by  1 ;  and  it  comprises  5382 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £13,005. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3051.  The  main  body  is 
flat  in  the  south,  ascends  thence  gradually 
to  the  north,  and  exhibits  picturesque 
f  eatures  along  the  Ericht ;  and  the  detached 
section  lies  wholly  among  the  frontier 
Grampians.  The  chief  seat  is  Craighall ; 
and  the  chief  antiquities  are  part  of  a 
Caledonian  stone  circle  and  vestiges .  of  a 
large  ancient  castle.  There  are  two 
schools  with  capacity  for  333  scholars. 

RATTRAY,  low  dangerous  promontory, 
fishing  village,  mansion,  and  hamlet 
representing  extinct  town,  in  Crimond 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

RAVELRIG,  hill  with  remains  of  Roman 
station  in  Currie  parish,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

RAVELSTON,  seat  at  east  base  of 
Corstorphine  Hill,  Edinburghshire. 


EAV 


384 


RED 


RAVENSBY,  suburb  or  section  of 
Carnoustie,  Forfarshire. 

RAVENS  CRAIG,  ruined  fine  old  baronial 
castle  on  the  Ugie,  near  Peterhead, 
Aberdeenshire. 

RAVENSCRAIG,  ruined  ancient  castle, 
long  the  seat  of  ancestors  of  Earl  of 
Rosslyn,  on  sea-cliff  ^  mile  west  of  Dysart, 
Fife. 

RAVENSCRAIG,  railway  station  between 
Greenock  and  Innerkip,  Renfrewshire. 

RAVENSHALL,  reach  of  romantic 
coast,  with  curious  caves  and  old  tower, 
believed  to  have  furnished  Sir  Walter 
Scott  with  the  scenery  around  '  Elian  - 
gowan,'  in  his  Guy  Manner  ing,  averagely 
3  miles  south-south-east  of  Creetown, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

RAVENSHAUGH,  burn,  running  to 
Firth  of  Forth  on  boundary  between 
Edinburghshire  and  Haddingtonshire. 

RAVENSHEUGH,  coast  crag,  4J  miles 
north-west  of  Dunbar,  Haddingtonshire. 

RAVENSNOOK,  remains  of  old  castle 
f  mile  south  of  Penicuick,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

RAVENSTONE,  old  castellated  mansion 
3£  miles  north-west  of  Whithorn,  Wigton- 
shire. 

RAVENSTRUTHER,  village  about  a 
mile  north-west  of  Carstairs  Junction, 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Lanark. 

RAVENSWOOD,  seat  on  the  Tweed,  2£ 
miles  east  of  Melrose,  Roxburghshire. 

RAW,  mineral  field  in  Old  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

RAWHEAD,  farm,  with  site  of  very  large 
sepulchral  cairn,  in  East  Kilbride  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

RAWYARDS,  suburb  of  Airdrie,  Lanark- 
shire.   It  has  a  railway  station. 

RAYNE,  village  and  parish  on  north 
border  of  Garioch  district,  Aberdeenshire. 
The  village  stands  on  the  Ury  9  miles 
north-west  of  Inverury,  bears  the  name  of 
Old  Rayne,  was  anciently  a  residence  of 
the  bishops  oi  Aberdeen,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Insch,  a  parochial  church 
with  700  sittings,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  80  scholars. — The  parish  contains 
also  Meiklewarthill  village,  measures 
about  2>\  miles  in  both  length  and 
breadth,  and  comprises  7885  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £9042.  Pop.  1284. 
The  surface  is  mostly  undulated,  but  in- 
cludes Rothmaise  hill  and  a  long  tract  of 
bog.  The  seats  are  Freefield,  Rothmaise, 
and  Warthill ;  and  the  antiquities  are  two 
Caledonian  stone  circles  and  some  cairns. 
A  Free  church  bears  the  name  of  Rayne, 
but  stands  within  Fyvie.  There  are  2 
schools  with  capacity  for  270  scholars, 
and  both  are  new. 

REARCHAR,  hill-ridge  in  Dornoch  par- 
ish, Sutherland. 

REAWICK,  headland,  seat,  and  Congre- 
gational church,  in  Sanclsting  parish, 
Shetland. 

REAY,  village  on  north-west  coast  of 


Caithness,  and  parish  partly  also  in  north- 
east of  Sutherland.  The  village  stands  12 
miles  west-south-west  of  Thurso,  gives  the 
peerage  title  of  baron  to  the  family  of 
Mackay,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Thurso,  an  inn,  an  old  cross,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  113  scholars. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Melvich  village,  measures  about 
18  miles  by  9,  and  is  bisected  southward  by 
a  line  of  watershed  forming  the  boundary 
between  its  Caithness  and  its  Sutherland 
portions.  Real  property  in  1880  -  81, 
£7620  and  £2801.  Pop.  1197  and  994. 
The  coast  has  an  extent  of  10J  miles,  and 
is  partly  bold,  rocky,  and  cavernous.  The 
interior  of  the  Caithness  section  is  low 
adjacent  to  the  coast,  but  hilly  and 
mountainous  thence  to  the  southern 
boundary ;  and  that  of  the  Sutherland 
section  consists  wholly  of  the  valley  and 
upland  screens  of  Strathhalladale.  The 
seats  are  Bighouse,  Sandside,  and  Isald  ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  remains  of  several 
circular  towers,  walls  of  a  very  large  fort, 
ruins  of  two  Romish  chapels,  and  site  of 
ancient  village  of  Old  Reay.  There  are 
5  schools  for  475  scholars,  and  2  of  them 
and  enlargements  for  238  are  new. 

REAY'S  COUNTRY  (LORD),  district 
comprehending  Tongue,  Durness,  and 
Edderachyllis  parishes,  in  north  -  west  of 
Sutherland. 

RED  ABBEY  STEAD,  site  of  ancient 
monastery  contiguous  to  Newstead,  about 
a  mile  east  of  Melrose,  Roxburghshire. 

RED  -  BEARD'S,  medicinal  spring  in 
Durris  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

REDBRAES,  quondam  noble  seat  in 
Polwarth  parish,  Berwickshire. 

RED  BURN,  brook,  traversing  bleak 
ravine  northward  to  Bonny  rivulet  at 
boundary  between  Dumbartonshire  and 
Stirlingshire.  An  eight  -  arched  railway 
viaduct  crosses  the  ravine  in  vicinity  of 
Castlecary. 

RED  BURN,  brook,  running  to  left  side 
of  the  Clyde,  a  little  below  Bothwell- 
Bridge,  Lanarkshire. 

RED  BURN,  brook,  running  on  boundary 
between  Kilwinning  and  Irvine  parishes, 
Ayrshire. 

RED  BURN,  brook,  running  to  the 
Lossie,  in  Dallas  parish,  Elginshire. 

RED  BURN,  stream,  running  to  TJig 
Bay,  in  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

RED  CASTLE,  modernized  old  seat,  once 
a  royal  castle,  in  Killearnan  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

RED  CASTLE,  ruined  old  structure, 
believed  to  have  been  a  royal  hunting- 
seat,  on  an  eminence  at  south  side  of 
Lunan  Bay,  east  coast  of  Forfarshire. 

REDCOLL,  seat  in  Gladsmuir  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

REDCRAIG,  mountain  in  Port-of-Mon- 
teith  parish,  Perthshire. 

REDCRAIG,  sandstone  cliff  and  quarry 
near  Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire. 


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REDCRAIGS,  place,  with  trap -rock 
quarries,  3  miles  north  of  Dunfermline, 
Fife. 

REDDANCE,  place  in  Dairy  parish, 
Ayrshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  106  scholars. 

REDDEN,  burn  and  hamlet  in  Sprouston 
parish,  Roxburghshire.  The  hamlet  re- 
presents an  ancient  town,  and  both  that 
and  the  burn  figured  in  old  Border 
history. 

REDDING,  village,  2|  miles  east-south- 
east of  Falkirk,  Stirlingshire.  It  stands 
in  the  centre  of  a  rich  coal-field,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Polmont  Station.  Pop. 
520. 

REDGILL,  chalybeate  spring  in  Alvah 
parish,  Banffshire. 

REDGORTON,  parish,  comprising  penin- 
sula between  the  Tay  and  the  Almond, 
and  detached  district  3j  miles  to  the  north- 
west, in  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
of  its  own  name  under  Perth,  and  contains 
the  villages  of  Pitcairngreen,  Luncarty, 
Cromwellpark,  and  Bridgeton,  and  part  of 
Stanley.  It  measures  4|  miles  by  4-£  in 
its  main  body,  and  3J  miles  by  f  in  its 
detached  district,  and  comprises  6007  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £9183.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1452;  quoad  sacra,  1100. 
The  main  body  is  undulating,  fertile,  and 
beautiful ;  and  the  detached  district  is 
upland  and  mostly  pastoral.  Chief  ob- 
jects of  interest  are  extensive  factories, 
vestiges  of  a  Caledonian  camp,  the  battle- 
field of  Luncarty,  and  the  site  of  the 
Roman  Bertha.  The  churches  are  2  Estab- 
lished, 3  Free,  and  1  United  Presbyterian ; 
and  there  are  2  public  schools. 

REDHALL,  seat  and  quondam  strong 
castle,  besieged  by  Cromwell,  in  Colinton 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

REDHALL,  quondam  notable  baronial 
castle  on  Kirtle  rivulet,  in  Kirkpatrick- 
Fleming  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

REDHALL,  seat  in  Fordoun  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

REDHEAD,  farm,  with  remains  of  ancient 
castle  on  Caddon  rivulet,  in  north-east  of 
Selkirkshire. 

REDHEAD,  bold  headland  on  south  side 
of  Lunan  Bay,  east  coast  of  Forfarshire. 

REDHEAD,  high  promontory  at  northern 
extremity  of  Eday  Island,  Orkney. 

REDHEUGH,  place,  with  interesting 
coast  scenery,  3^  miles  east-by-south  of 
Cockburnspath,  Berwickshire. 

REDHEUGH,  seat  on  Hermitage  rivulet, 
in  Castleton  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

REDHILL,  hill-range  flanking  south  side 
of  middle  part  of  Alford  valley,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

REDHOLM,  islet  adjacent  to  Eday, 
Orkney. 

REDHOUSE,  estate,  with  ruined  old 
castellated  mansion,  on  south  border  of 
Aberlady  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

REDHYTH,  headland,  mile  north-west 
of  Portsoy,  Banffshire. 

REDKIRK,  small  headland  and  site  of 


ancient  church  on  Solway  Firth,  6|  miles 
east  of  Annan,  Dumfriesshire. 

REDLANDS,  farm,  with  site  of  ancient 
nunnery,  in  Olrig  parish,  Caithness. 

RED  LOCH,  small  lake  in  Rothesay  par- 
ish, Isle  of  Bute. 

RED  MOSS,  bog  in  Kilsyth  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

REDMYRE,  estate  and  public  school,  the 
latter  with  about  113  scholars,  in  Laurence- 
kirk parish,  Kincardineshire. 

REDMYRE,  lake  in  north-east  of  Cam- 
busnethan  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

REDNOCK,  seat  in  Port-of-Monteith 
parish,  Perthshire. 

REDPATH,  village  in  Earlston  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

REDPATRICK.    See  Redkirk. 

RED  ROCKS,  shattered  romantic  rocks, 
associated  with  dismal  old  traditions, 
about  a  mile  north-east  of  Dysart,  on 
south  coast  of  Fife. 

REDROW,  village  in  Newton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

REDROW,  village  adjacent  to  Dunlop 
Place,  in  Dalserf  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

REDSLIE,  site  of  ancient  castle  in  de- 
tached part  of  Lauder  parish,  Berwickshire. 

RED  SWIRE,  skirmish-field  of  1575  on 
part  of  Carter  Fell,  on  boundary  between 
Scotland  and  England,  10  miles  south  of 
Jedburgh.  The  skirmish  is  detailed  in 
an  old  ballad  preserved  in  the  Border 
Minstrelsy. 

RED  WELL,  medicinal  spring  in  Boyndie 
parish,  Banffshire. 

REDWELLS,  hill,  crowned  with  con- 
spicuous tower  of  1812,  immediately  north 
of  Kinglassie  village,  Fife. 

REDWELLS,  estate,  with  site  of  strong, 
large  ancient  building,  in  Crail  parish,  Fife. 

REE,  island  in  Kilmartin  parish,  Ar- 
gyleshire. 

REEF,  plain,  believed  to  have  been 
formerly  covered  by  the  sea,  in  middle 
of  Tyree  Island,  Argyleshire. 

REEKIE  LINN,  broken  cascade  of  about 
75  feet  in  aggregate  fall  on  Isla  river, 
2J  miles  north-west  of  Airlie  Castle,  on 
west  border  of  Forfarshire. 

REELICK,  seat  in  Kirkhill  parish,  In- 
verness-shire. 

REFIRTH,  bay  on  east  coast  of  Yell 
Island,  Shetland. 

REGLAND,  small  lake  in  Dairy  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

REICHIP,  romantic  dell,  with  mansion, 
about  4  miles  north-east  of  Dunkeld, 
Perthshire. 

REIDIE,  farm,  with  remains  of  Roman 
road,  in  Airlie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

REILIG-ORAIN,  famous  cemetery,  with 
multitude  of  ancient  monuments,  in  Iona 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

REISS,  townland  on  Sinclair  Bay  in 
Wick  parish,  Caithness.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Wick. 

REIVING-CRAIG,  hill  in  Bathgate  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

RELUGAS,  estate,  post  office  under 
2b 


REN 


386 


REN 


Forres,  mansion,  and  picturesque  grounds 
in  Edenkillie  parish,  Elginshire. 

KENDALL,  ancient  parish,  averagely 
about  5  miles  north-north-west  of  Kirk- 
wall, in  Orkney.  It  is  now  annexed  to 
Evie,  and  it  has  a  post  office  designated 
of  Orkney,  and  a  chapel-of-ease. 

RENFIELD,  estate,  now  called  Blyths- 
wood,  on  the  Clyde  and  the  Cart  adjacent 
to  Renfrew. 

RENFREW,  town  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Renfrewshire.  The  town  stands 
about  \  mile  south  of  the  Clyde  and  6 
miles  west  of  Glasgow ;  dates  from  at 
least  the  time  of  David  I.,  and  was  made 
a  royal  burgh  in  1396 ;  presents  an  anti- 
quated appearance,  but  now  includes  a 
small  modern  suburb  contiguous  to  the 
river ;  gives  the  title  of  baron  to  the 
Prince  of  Wales  ;  unites  with  Port-Glas- 
gow, Dumbarton,  Rutherglen,  and  Kil- 
marnock in  sending  a  member  to  Parlia- 
ment ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Paisley,  a  railway  station,  a  bank- 
ing office,  wharves  and  extensive  ship- 
building yards  on  the  river,  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
a  fine  grammar  school,  and  a  large  public 
primary  school.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£12,228.  Pop.  4825.— The  parish  contains 
also  part  of  Paisley  town  and  Yoker  village, 
measures  6j  miles  by  2J,  and  comprises 
4311  acres.  Real  property  of  landward 
part  in  1880-81,  £27,883.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  quoad  civilia,  7439 ;  quoad  sacra, 
7267.  The  surface  is  cut  into  nearly 
three  equal  sections  by  the  Clyde  and. 
the  "White  Cart ;  and,  excepting  the  iso- 
lated eminence  of  Knock  in  the  south, 
and  some  low  undulating  outskirts  of  the 
Lennox  Hills  on  the  north,  is  all  low  and 
level.  The  soil  almost  everywhere  is  deep 
and  fertile,  and  the  general  landscape  is 
much  embellished.  Excellent  coal  is 
worked  in  the  north.  Chief  seats  are 
Blythswood,  Elderslie,  Scotstown,  Jor- 
danhill,  and  Walkingskaw ;  and  chief 
antiquities  are  the  site  of  the  ancient 
residence  of  the  royal  Stewarts,  the  lands 
of  Knock,  which  gave  name  to  the  dis- 
tinguished family  of  Knox,  and  a  frag- 
mentary rock  on  the  spot  where  the  Earl 
of  Argyle  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner 
in  1685.  Five  schools  for  621  scholars  are 
in  the  parish,  and  2  of  them  for  240  are  new. 

RENFREWSHIRE,  maritime  county  in 
west  of  Lowlands.  It  includes  a  section 
of  Renfrew  parish  on  right  side  of  the 
Clyde,  but  lies  all  elsewhere  on  left  side 
of  that  river  and  of  its  estuary  from 
suburbs  of  Glasgow  to  Kelly  burn  on 
boundary  with  Ayrshire.  Its  length,  in 
direction  of  north-by- west,  is  31^  miles  ;  its 
greatest  breadth,  nearly  across  the  middle, 
is  13^  miles  ;  and  its  area  is  254  square 
miles.  About  one-fourth  of  the  land,  com- 
prising the  parts  nearest  the  Clyde  down 
to  vicinity  of  Erskine  Ferry,  is  mostly  low 
and  flat ;  about  a  third,  comprising  the 


parts  southward  of  that  and  some  parts  to 
the  west,  is  variously  sloping,  undulated, 
tumulated,  and  ridgy,  with  interspersions 
of  vale  and  dale,  and  abounds  in  both 
natural  and  artificial  beauty;  and  the 
rest,  along  the  south-western  border  and 
in  the  north-west,  though  including  fine 
spots  and  presenting  interesting  features 
to  the  firth,  consists  mostly  of  high  moor- 
ish plateaux  and  hills.  The  chief  streams 
are  the  Clyde,  its  direct  tributary  the 
Cart,  and  its  remote  tributaries  the  White 
Cart,  the  Levern,  the  Black  Cart,  the 
Gryfe,  and  the  Calder.  The  chief  lake  is 
Castle-Semple ;  a  beautiful  little  lake  is 
Libo  ;  and  other  lakes  are  numerous  small 
tame  ones  among  the  moors.  Carboniferous 
rocks  underlie  the  surface  from  north- 
eastern boundary  to  Bishopton  Hills,  and 
yield  a  great  output  of  coal,  limestone, 
sandstone,  and  peculiarly  constituted  iron- 
stone. Agriculture  has  made  fair  improve- 
ment, but  necessarily  presents  different 
aspects  in  the  rich  low  tracts  and  in  the 
poor  high  plateaux.  Manufactures  at 
Paisley,  Barrhead,  Johnstone,  Pollock- 
shaws,  Greenock,  and  other  places  are 
both  diversified  and  aggregately  very  great ; 
and  commerce  at  Greenock,  at  Port- 
Glasgow,  and  through  Glasgow,  is  very 
extensive.  The  territory  now  forming 
Renfrewshire  belonged  to  the  Caledonian 
Damnii ;  was  included  by  the  Romans  in 
their  Valentia ;  and  formed  part  of  the 
kingdom  of  Strathclyde  or  Cumbria.  The 
greater  part  of  it  afterwards  bore  the  name 
of  Strathgryfe,  and  was  for  ages  the  chief 
patrimony  of  the  Stewards  of  Scotland. 
The  whole  was  constituted  a  county  in 
1404 ;  and  it  is  now  divided  administra- 
tively into  two  wards,  upper  and  lower, 
with  sheriff  courts  at  respectively  Paisley 
and  Greenock.  Its  towns  with  each  more 
than  10,000  inhabitants  are  Paisley,  Green- 
ock, Port-Glasgow,  and  part  of  Glasgow ; 
with  each  more  than  5000,  Pollockshaws, 
Johnstone,  and  Barrhead  ;  with  each  more 
than  2000,  Renfrew,  Kilbarchan,  Gourock, 
and  Thornliebank ;  with  each  more  than 
1000,  Neilston,  Lochwinnoch,  Eaglesham, 
Elderslie,  Linwood,  Busby,  and  Bridge  of 
Weir;  and  the  villages  with  each  more 
than  300  amount  to  27.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £727,261.  Pop.  in  1871,  216,947 ; 
in  1881,  262,981. 

RENIGALE,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

RENTON,  town  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Vale  of  Leven,  Dumbartonshire.  The 
town  stands  2  miles  north  of  Dumbarton, 
was  founded  in  1782,  is  a  seat  of  manufac- 
ture, and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig 
nated  of  Dumbartonshire,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, a  monument  to  the  novelist  Smollett, 
an  Established  church,  2  Free  churches,  a 
Gaelic  Free  church,  a  public  school  with 
about  230  scholars,  and  a  female  industrial 
school  with  about  52.  Pop.  of  the  town, 
4319  ;  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  4387 


EEN 


387 


RHI 


RENTON,  seat,  public  school  with  about 
110  scholars,  and  quondam  historical  tower, 
7^  miles  north-west  of  Ay  ton,  Berwick- 
shire. 

REOCH,  head-stream  of  the  White  Cart, 
Renfrewshire. 

REPENTANCE,  conspicuous  tower  of 
15th  century,  4  miles  north-west  of  Annan, 
Dumfriesshire. 

RERES,  part  of  hill-ridge  in  Kilconquhar 
parish,  Fife. 

RERIGONIUM,  site  of  ancient  Cale- 
donian town  on  Loch  Ryan,  miles  north- 
east of  Stranraer,  Wigtonshire. 

RERRICK,  or  RERWICK,  parish,  con- 
taining the  post  office  villages  of  Auchen- 
cairn  and  Dundrennan,  on  coast  of  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. Its  length  is  9^  miles ; 
its  greatest  breadth  6  miles ;  its  area 
19,980  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£19,311.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1807;  quoad 
sacra,  770.  The  coast,  without  reckon- 
ing indentations,  has  an  extent  of  9J 
miles ;  is  mostly  bold,  iron-bound,  and 
romantic ;  and  may  have  furnished  Sir 
"Walter  Scott  with  features  of  the  scenery 
of  '  Ellangowan '  in  his  Guy  Mannering. 
The  interior  is  variously  flafc,  undulated, 
and  rolling ;  rises  gradually  to  the  north 
in  successive  summits  commanding  fine 
views ;  and  terminates  northward  in  a 
group  of  mountains.  The  seats  are  Dun- 
drennan, Orchardton,  Orroland,  Nether- 
law,  Balcarry,  Collin,  Nutwood,  and  Port- 
Mary  ;  and  the  antiquities  include  a  large 
■Caledonian  cairn,  remains  of  two  Caledonian 
stone  circles,  vestiges  of  twelve  ancient 
camps,  and  the  imposing  ruin  of  Dun- 
drennan Abbey.  The  churches  are  2 
Established  and  1  Free.  There  are  3 
schools  for  458  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  a  class-room  for  260  are  new. 

RESART.    See  Resokt. 

RESAURIE,  small  village  in  Inverness 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

RESCOBIE,  parish,  with  church  3  miles 
east-north-east  of  Forfar.  Its  post  town 
is  Forfar.  Its  length  is  about  7j  miles ; 
its  greatest  breadth  2|  miles ;  its  area 
6559  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,218.  Pop.  685.  The  surface  is 
much  diversified,  includes  whole  or  part 
of  four  considerable  hills,  and  contains 
Rescobie  lake,  1J  mile  long.  The  seats 
are  Ochterlony,  Burnside,  Pitscandly, 
Carse,  Drimmie,  and  Reswallie ;  and  the 
antiquities  are  a  large  Caledonian  fort,  on 
craggy  summit  of  Turin  Hill,  and  sites  of 
two  mediaeval  castles.  The  public  school 
has  about  68  scholars. 

RESOLIS,  parish,  containing  Jemima 
and  Gordon's  Mills  villages,  in  counties  of 
Ross  and  Cromarty.  Its  post  town  is  In- 
vergordon.  Its  length  is  about  8  miles ;  its 
breadth  about  3J  miles.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £1672  and  £4819.  Pop.  1424.  The 
surface  is  bounded  on  the  west  and  the  north 
by  Cromarty  Firth,  rises  gradually  for  nearly 
2  miles  from  low  shore,  subsides  then  into 
a  valley  extending  through  nearly  all  its 


length,  and  rises  somewhat  steeply  thence 
to  the  watershed  of  the  Mullbuy.  Resolis 
burn  traverses  the  valley  to  the  firth  at 
Gordon's  Mills.  The  seats  are  Poyntzfield 
and  Newhall;  and  the  antiquities  are 
numerous  tumuli,  traces  of  ancient  camps, 
relics  of  sanguinary  clan  fights,  the  frag- 
mentary ruin  of  Castle  Craig,  and  remains 
of  Kirkmichael  church,  described  by  Hugh 
Miller.  The  churches  are  Established  and 
Free.  There  are  2  public  schools  for  246 
scholars,  and  both  are  new. 

RESORT,  sea-loch  on  west  coast 
boundary  between  Lewis  -  proper  and 
Harris,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  strikes  about 
10  miles  eastward,  contains  Scarf  Island 
in  its  mouth,  is  there  about  3  miles  wide, 
and  makes  such  contraction  as  to  be  very 
narrow  towards  the  head. 

RESTALRIG,  village  and  ancient  barony 
in  north-eastern  vicinity  of  Edinburgh. 
The  village  stands  about  J  mile  north-by- 
west  of  Jock's  Lodge,  is  environed  by 
irrigated  meadows,  dates  from  the  Culdee 
times,  was  a  rival  of  pristine  Edinburgh, 
had  a  collegiate  church,  rebuilt  or  enlarged 
by  James  iv.  and  James  v.,  passed  into 
decadence,  and  is  now  small  and  unattrac- 
tive. The  choir  of  its  collegiate  church 
was  restored  from  ruinous  condition  about 
1842,  and  is  now  used  as  a  mission  church. 
The  barony  includes  the  site  of  Leith,  and 
figures  in  the  history  of  the  Logans  and  in 
the  forming  of  Leith  harbour. 

RESTENET,  quondam  lake,  If  mile  north 
of  Forfar.  It  gave  the  name  of  Forfar- 
Restenet  to  Forfar  parish  ;  it  was  drained 
in  latter  part  of  last  century  ;  and  it  con- 
tained an  island,  now  a  pleasant  dry 
eminence,  crowned  by  ruins  of  an  ancient 
priory. 

RESTENNOTH,  site  of  ancient  church  in 
Rosemarkie  parish,  Ross-shire. 

RESTLAW,  ruined  old  retreat  or  resting- 
place  of  pilgrims  in  Channelkirk  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

RESTON,  village,  4  miles  west  of  Ayton, 
Berwickshire.  It  has  a  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Berwickshire,  a  junction  railway 
station,  an  inn,  a  market-cross,  and  a  Free 
church  of  1880.    Pop.  321. 

RESWALLIE,  seat  in  Rescobie  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

RETREAT,  woodlands  in  Longformacus 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

REWCASTLE,  hamlet  in  Bedrule  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

RHEA.    See  Kyle-Rhea. 

RHEILAN,  headland  on  west  side  of 
Gigha  Island,  Argyleshire. 

RHENINVER,  lake  in  Dallas  parish, 
Elginshire. 

RHIANS,  stream  entering  head  of  Kyle- 
of-Tongue,  Sutherland. 

RHICONICH,  place,  with  inn,  at  head  of 
Loch  Inchard,  on  west  coast  of  Suther- 
land. 

RHIDORCH,  vale  and  noble  shooting- 
lodge  in  Lochbroom  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 


RHI 


388 


EIO 


RHIMUSAIG,  detached  section  of 
Dornoch  parish,  Sutherland. 

RHIN,  rising-ground  near  conflux  of  the 
Endrick  and  the  Blane,  in  Stirlingshire. 

RHIND,  small  headland  in  Alloa  parish, 
Clackmannanshire. 

RHIND,  Perthshire.    See  Ehynd. 

RHINNS,  double  peninsula,  with  isthmu3 
at  its  east  side,  in  west  of  "Wigtonshire. 
It  forms  one  of  the  three  districts  of  that 
county. 

RHINNS,  south-western  peninsula  of 
Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

RHINNS  -  OF  -  KELLS,  mountains,  with 
summits  2280  and  2650  feet  high,  on 
north-west  border  of  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

RHIVES,  residence  of  Duke  of  Suther- 
land's factor  near  Golspie,  Sutherland. 

RHONEHOUSE,  village  contiguous  to 
Keltonhill,  2^  miles  south  of  Castle- 
Douglas,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a 
public  school  with  about  75  scholars.  Pop. 
223. 

RHUAD,  small  headland  at  southern 
extremity  of  Kintyre,  Argyleshire. 

RHUANDUNAN,  headland  at  southern 
extremity  of  Bracadale  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

RHUBANE,  headland  on  north  side  of 
Gair  Loch,  on  west  coast  of  Eoss-shire. 

RHUCOIGACH,  headland  in  section  of 
Cromartyshire,  contiguous  to  north- 
western extremity  of  Eoss-shire. 

RHUDHU,  western  point  of  Strathy 
Head,  on  north  coast  of  Sutherland. 

RHUERA,  headland,  5  miles  west  of 
mouth  of  Loch  Ewe,  west  coast  of  Eoss- 
shire. 

RHUEVA,  harbour,  narrow  -  mouthed 
but  sheltered,  on  east  coast  of  North  Uist, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

RHUHORMAID,  eastern  point  of  Whiten- 
head,  on  north  coast  of  Sutherland. 

RHUHUNISH,  headland  at  north-west 
extremity  of  Trotternish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

RHUMORE,  promontory  separating 
Loch  Greinord  from  Loch  Ewe,  on  west 
coast  of  Eoss-shire. 

RHU -NA-BRADD  AN,  headland,  13  miles 
north-north-east  of  Portree,  Isle  of  Skye. 

RHURAIRNISH,  headland  in  Lochs 
parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

RHURUAIG,  headland  at  north  side  of 
entrance  of  Loch  Torridon,  west  coast  of 
Eoss-shire. 

RHUSTORE,  bold  headland,  9  miles 
north-north-west  of  Lochinver,  on  west 
coast  of  Sutherland. 

RHYMER'S  GLEN,  small  ravine  in  lands 
of  Abbotsford,  Eoxburghshire. 

RHYND,  peninsular  parish  between  the 
Tay  and  left  bank  of  the  Earn,  in  Perth- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Perth. 
Its  length  is  4  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
about  If  mile  ;  its  area  2457  acres.  Eeal 
property  in  1880-81,  £7884.  Pop.  297. 
The  surface  includes  south-east  skirt  of 
Moncrieff  Hill,  slopes  thence  to  the  south- 
east, and  is  low  and  level  over  the  rest 
and  greater  part  of  the  area.  Chief 
objects  are  Elcho  Castle  and  the  ruin  of 


an  ancient  nunnery.  The  public  school 
has  about  77  scholars. 

RHYNDS,  seat  in  Saline  parish,  Fife. 
RHYNIE,  village  and  parish  in  Strath- 
bogie  district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village 
stands  4  miles  south-west  of  Kennethmont 
railway  station,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Aberdeenshire,  2  banking- 
offices,  2  inns,  Established,  Free,  Congre- 
gational, and  Episcopalian  churches,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  136  scholars. 
Pop.  442. — The  parish  measures  about  5 
miles  in  both  length  and  breadth,  and 
comprises  12,879  acres.  Eeal  property  in 
1880-81,  £4705.  Pop.  1126.  The  surface 
is  nowhere  lower  than  about  400  feet  above 
sea-level,  and  it  includes  the  conspicuous 
hill  of  Noth  and  some  other  but  com- 
paratively small  heights.  Eemains  of  a 
vitrified  fort  are  on  Noth  Hill,  and  ruins 
of  Lesmore  Castle  and  Essie  church  are 
near  that  hill's  west  base.  There  are 
3  schools  for  326  scholars,  and  enlarge- 
ments of  them  for  150  are  new. 

RIAWR,  lake  in  Straiton  parish,  Ayrshire. 

RICCARTON,  town  and  parish  on 
northern  verge  of  Kyle,  Ayrshire.  The 
town  stands  on  Irvine  river ;  is  suburban 
to  Kilmarnock;  was  originally  called 
Eichardstone ;  is  alleged  to  have  got  that 
name  from  an  uncle  of  Sir  William 
"Wallace  ;  adjoins  the  site  of  a  quondam 
residence  of  the  Wallaces ;  passed  in 
recent  times  from  an  antiquated  to  a 
greatly  improved  condition ;  shares  now 
in  the  industries  of  Kilmarnock  ;  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Kilmarnock,  an  ancient 
judicial  moat,  a  conspicuous  steepled 
parochial  church,  and  a  large  public  school. 
— The  parish  contains  also  Hurlford 
town  and  Sornhill  village,  measures 
about  8  miles  by  3,  and  comprises  7550 
acres.  Eeal  property  in  1879-80,  £28,487. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  7112 ;  quoad  sacra, 
3263.  The  surface  is  mostly  low  and 
little  diversified,  yet  rises  gradually  toward 
the  south-east  to  a  considerable  hill-ridge. 
The  rocks  are  chiefly  carboniferous,  and 
yield  a  large  output  of  coal,  limestone, 
and  ironstone.  The  seats  are  Caprington, 
Shawhill,  Bellfield,  Milrig,  Dollars,  and 
Treesbank ;  and  prominent  objects  are 
ironworks  at  Hurlford.  Established  and 
Free  churches  are  at  Hurlford,  and 
a  public  school  is  at  Crossroads. 

RICCARTON,  village,  13  miles  south  of 
Hawick,  Eoxburghshire.  It  stands  at 
forking  of  railway  from  Hawick  toward 
respectively  Carlisle  and  Hexham,  was 
founded  and  erected  entirely  in  connec- 
tion with  the  railway,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Hawick,  and  a  railway  station. 

RICCARTON,  hamlet,  hill-ridge,  and 
burn  in  Linlithgow  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

RICCARTON,  seat  of  Sir  James  H.  G. 
Craig,  Bart.,  6  miles  south-west  of  Edin- 
burgh. 

RICCARTON,  or  RICKARTON,  quoad 
sacra  parish,  with  church  3  miles  north- 


RID 


389 


ROB 


west  of  Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire.  It 
contains  a  mansion  of  its  own  name, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Stonehaven, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  88  scholars. 
Pop.  473. 

RIDDAN,  sea-loch  in  Cowal  district, 
Argyleshire.  It  strikes  from  northernmost 
part  of  Kyles  of  Bute,  goes  6  miles 
northward  to  mouth  of  rivulet  Euel, 
and  has,  on  its  lower  part,  the  steamboat 
pier,  inn,  mansion,  and  villas  of  Ormidale. 

RIDDELL,  estate  on  Ale  rivulet  adjacent 
to  Lilliesleaf,  Roxburghshire. 

RIDDENS,  village  in  Dairy  parish,  Ayr- 
shire.   Pop.  279. 

RIDLEYWOOD,  village  in  Cambuslang 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

RIENLOAN.    See  Rinloan. 

RIESS.    See  Reiss. 

RIFF,  headland  in  Lochbroom  parish, 
west  coast  of  Eoss-shire. 

RIGEND,  village,  3  miles  north  of  Air- 
drie,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with' about  104  scholars.    Pop.  333. 

RIGG,  small  bay,  1  mile  south  of  Gar- 
lieston.  "Wigtonshire. 

RIGG,  or  RIGG  OF  GRETNA,  bam  let 
in  Gretna  parish,  Dumfriesshire.  It  has 
a  post  office  under  Annan,  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church. 

RIGSIDE,  village  and  colliery  in  north- 
east of  Douglas  parish,  Lanarkshire.  The 
village  figures  notably  in  the  history  of 
the  Cameronians,  and  has  a  Free  church, 
a  Reformed  Presbyterian  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  88  scholars. 

RIN,  steep  cuneiform  acclivity  between 
two  ravines  in  Gamrie  parish,  Banffshire. 

RINGANS,  deep  dell  flanked  by  preci- 
pice, with  site  of  ancient  church,  in 
Bowden  parisb,  Roxburghshire. 

RINGANS  (ST.).    See  Ninians  (St.). 

RINGANWHEY,  place  in  Crossmichael 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a  pub- 
lic school  with  about  175  scholars. 

RING  BURN,  stream,  running  south- 
ward to  the  sea  at  5  miles  south-south- 
east of  Kirkcudbright. 

RINGDOW,  headland  between  mouth 
of  Fleet  estuary  and  mouth  of  Cree 
estuary,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

RINGFORD,  hamlet  in  Tongland  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

RINGKNOLL,  rising  -  ground,  with  ves- 
tige of  circular  entrenchment,  in  Manor 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

RINGLYHALL,  rocky  height  overhang- 
ing the  Tweed  in  vicinity  of  Rutherford 
village,  Roxburghshire.  It  is  crowned 
by  an  ancient  camp ;  it  presents  a  cliff 
to  the  rivei*,  and  was  formerly  defended 
on  other  sides  by  moats  and  ramparts ; 
and  it  is  said  to  have  been  occupied,  at  an 
early  period,  by  an  invading  English  army. 

RINGS,  traces  of  very  extensive  fortifi- 
cation in  Hounam  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

RINGS,  ancient  circular  fortification  in 
Kirkurd  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

RINGSDALE,    remains    of  old  castle 


overhanging  the  Avon  in  Stonehouse 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

RINGWEE,  cliff  on  Portpatrick  coast, 
"Wigtonshire. 

RINK,  place,  with  ancient  camp,  in 
Galashiels  parish,  Selkirkshire. 

RINK,  place  of  sheep  fairs  in  Hawick 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

RINLOAN,  place,  with  inn  and  with 
quondam  Established  mission  church,  in 
Glengairn  section  of  Glenmuick  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

RINMURE,  estate  in  Kinnell  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

RINNS.    See  Rhinns. 

RIPPEL-WALLS,  huge  projecting  trap 
dykes  on  east  coast  of  Big  Cumbray  Island, 
Buteshire. 

RISE,  lofty  hill-summit,  4  miles  west 
of  Newabbey,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

RISGA,  island  in  Loch  Sunart,  Argyle- 
shire. 

RISKEND,  place,  with  good  lime,  in 
Kilsyth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

RISPOND,  headland,  with  romantic  group 
of  naked  rocks,  and  harbour  with  pier  and 
basin,  on  north  coast  of  Durness  parish, 
Sutherland. 

RISTAL,  small  island  in  Lochbroom 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

RIVE,  half -tide  skerries  off  north  coast  of 
Burness  peninsula,  Sanday  Island,  Orkney. 

ROADMEETINGS,  village  in  Carluke 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

ROADSIDE,  village  in  St.  Cyrus  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

ROADSIDE,  place,  3  miles  from  Errol, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Errol. 

ROAG,  sea-loch,  north-east  of  Gallan- 
head  on  west  coast  of  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides.  It  measures  10  miles  across 
the  entrance,  extends  6^  miles  eastward 
with  width  of  from  8  to  6  miles,  extends  5 
miles  farther  eastward  in  separate  narrow 
branches,  is  cut  by  islands  into  portions 
bearing  four  several  names,  contains  one 
island  about  6  miles  long  and  nearly  40 
small  ones,  and  is  so  blocked  about  the 
mouth  as  not  to  be  readily  found  by 
strange  boatmen.  All  the  land  of  both  its 
shores  and  its  islands  is  either  low  or  tame. 

ROAIRD,  section  of  Rogart  parish, 
Sutherland. 

ROAN,  small  lake  in  Crossmichael 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ROAN,  mountain  and  burn  on  west  side 
of  Castleton  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

ROAN,  Sutherland.  See  Ellan-na- 
Roan. 

ROBERTLAND,  seat  and  ruined  castle  in 
Stewarton  parish,  Ayrshire. 

ROBERTON,  parish,  with  church  h\ 
miles  west  of  Hawick,  Roxburghshire.  It 
lies  along  the  mutual  border  of  Roxburgh- 
shire and  Selkirkshire,  contains  Dean- 
burnhaugh  post  office  hamlet,  measures 
about  15  miles  by  7J,  and  comprises  17,936 
acres  in  Roxburghshire  and  11,483  in 
Selkirkshire.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£6737  and  £3928.     Pop.   317  and  250. 


ROB 


390 


RON 


The  surface  is  mostly  hilly  or  moun- 
tainous, includes  six  summits  upwards  of 
1420  feet  high,  and  is  diversified  by  several 
lakes.  The  seats  are  Harden,  Borthwick- 
brae,  Borthwickshiels,  Hoscote,  and 
Chisholme ;  and  the  antiquities  are 
several  Caledonian  and  Boman  camps. 
There  are  2  public  schools  with  capacity 
for  149  scholars. 

ROBERTON,  village  and  ancient  parish 
in  upper  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village 
stands  on  burn  of  its  own  name  near  the 
burn's  influx  to  the  Clyde,  4  miles  north- 
east of  Abington,  and  has  a  United  Bres- 
byterian  church.  The  parish  contains  a 
conspicuous  hill  called  Boberton  Law,  and 
is  now  annexed  to  Wiston. 

ROBERTSON  MEMORIAL,  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Grange  suburb,  Edinburgh. 
Bop.  8335. 

ROBERTSON  MEMORIAL,  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  Glasgow.    Bop.  5605. 

ROBGILL,  seat,  including  old  tower,  on 
Kirtle  rivulet,  4f  miles  north  -  east  of 
Annan,  Dumfriesshire. 

ROBINRIG,  sandbank  in  Solway  Firth 
off  SoutbernessBoint,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ROBIN'S  HEIGHT,  place  where  King 
Bobert  Bruce  lay  encamped  during  severe 
sickness,  in  Drumblade  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

ROB  ROY'S  CAVE.   See  Craigroyston. 

ROBROYSTON,  estate,  4  miles  north- 
east of  Glasgow.  It  contained,  till  1826, 
the  cottage  in  which  Sir  William  Wallace 
was  betrayed  ;  it  retains  the  bed  of  the 
lake  which  figures  in  the  stories  of  his 
betrayal ;  and  it  now  has  a  modern  mansion. 

ROB'S  REDE,  trace  of  ancient  circular 
fort  in  Bescobie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

ROCHANE,  place  on  west  side  of  upper 
part  of  Gare  Loch,  Dumbartonshire. 

ROCHELHILL,  estate  in  Glammis 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

ROCHSILLOCH,  mineral  tract,  with  rich 
ironstone  pits,  in  Old  Monkland  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

ROCHSOLES,  seat,  1J  mile  north  of 
Airdrie,  Lanarkshire. 

ROCK-AND-SPINDLE,  curious  insulated 
trap  rock  about  1^  mile  from  St.  Andrews, 
Fife. 

ROCKCLIFFE,  extensive  sands  in  head 
of  Solway  Firth  between  Scotland  and 
England. 

ROCKFIELD,  village  in  Tarbat  parish, 
Boss-shire. 

ROCKHALL,  seat  of  Sir  Alexander  D. 
Grierson,  Bart.,  in  Mouswald  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

ROCKHALL,  artificial  large  mound  on 
spur  of  hills  overlooking  south  side  of 
Lochmaben  lochs  and  castle,  Dumfries- 
shire. It  served,  in  old  times,  both  as  a 
seat  of  justice  and  as  a  beacon-post,  and 
is  often  called  Beacon  Hill. 

ROCKHALL,  small  bay  in  St.  Cyrus 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

ROCKHILL,  seat  in  Glenorchy  parish, 
Argyleshire. 


ROCKHILLFLAT,  burn  in  Applegarth 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

ROCKHOLE,  very  deep  pool,  engirt  by 
rock,  in  Annan  river,  4  miles  south  of 
Lockerby,  Dumfriesshire. 

ROCK-OF-THE-KILT.     See  Craigna- 

FEILE. 

ROCK-OF-WEEM,  romantic,  acclivitous, 
wooded  ridge,  about  600  feet  high,  1\  mile 
north-west  of  Aberfeldy,  Berthshire. 

ROCKVILLE,  seat  in  North  Berwick 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

RODEL.    See  Bowadill. 

RODONO,  recently  erected  mansion  on 
St.  Mary's  Loch,  Selkirkshire. 

ROE,  sound  and  two  islands,  Meikle  and 
Little,  in  St.  Magnus  Bay,  Shetland. 

ROENESS.    See  Bona,  Shetland. 

ROGART,  hamlet  and  parish  in  south- 
east of  Sutherland.  The  hamlet  lies  1\ 
miles  west  of  Golspie,  and  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Sutherlandshire,  a 
railway  station,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school.  —  The 
parish  measures  17  miles  in  length  and 
from  3  to  1\  miles  in  breadth.  Beal 
property  in  1880-81,  £5196.  Bop.  1227. 
The  surface  includes  upper  part  of 
Strathbrora  and  all  Strathneet,  each  with 
bottom  from  a  few  yards  to  f  mile  broad, 
and  consists  wholly  of  these  and  their 
hill-screens  ;  and  it  contains  many  tumuli, 
Scandinavian  structures,  and  vestiges  of 
camps.  There  are  2  public  schools  with 
about  101  scholars. 

ROGER'S  KIRK,  deep  ravine,  a  retreat 
of  the  Covenanters,  on  south-east  border 
of  Dunsyre  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

ROGIE,  fine  cascade  on  Basay  rivulet, 
Boss-shire.    See  Basay. 

ROLLOX  (ST.),  suburb  about  \  mile 
north  of  Glasgow  Cathedral.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Glasgow,  and  very 
extensive  chemical  works  with  more  than 
100  furnaces,  and  a  conspicuous  chimney- 
stalk  435  feet  high. 

ROMACH,  picturesque  small  lake,  6 
miles  south-south-east  of  Forres,  Elgin- 
shire. 

ROMANNO,  seat,  3  miles  south-south- 
east of  Linton  village,  Beeblesshire. 

RON  A,  island,  averagely  14  miles  north- 
east of  Bortree,  in  Skye,  Inverness-shire. 
It  measures  about  5  miles  in  length,  and 
less  than  a  mile  in  breadth  ;  is  nowhere 
higher  than  about  500  feet ;  presents  an 
uninviting  appearance  ;  and  has  a  light- 
house with  flashing  white  light  visible  at 
the  distance  of  20  nautical  miles.  Bop. 
176. 

RONA,  island  near  south-west  point  of 
North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  measures 
about  2  miles  by  lh,  and  rises  to  a  height 
of  about  600  feet.    Bop.  6. 

RONA,  small  island,  38  miles  north-west 
of  Butt  of  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

RONA,  or  ROENESS,  hill,  5^  miles  south- 
south-west  of  northern  extremity  of  Main- 
land, Shetland.    It  rises  to  a  height  of 


RON 


391 


ROS 


1476  feet,  is  crowned  by  an  ancient  watch- 
tower,  and  commands  a  view  of  nearly  all 
Shetland. 

RONALDSHAY  (NORTH),  northernmost 
of  the  Orkney  Islands.  It  commences  2\ 
miles  north  of  northernmost  part  of  San- 
day  •;  is  separated  from  that  island  by  a 
dangerous  sound  called  North  Eonaldshay 
Firth  ;  measures  4  miles  in  length,  and 
fully  2  in  greatest  breadth  ;  is  flat  and 
rocky  in  its  shores,  and  flat  and  low  in  its 
interior  ;  forms  a  quoad  sacra  parish  ;  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Kirkwall,  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches,  and  a  lighthouse 
with  flashing  light  visible  at  the  distance 
of  17  nautical  miles.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £858.    Pop.  547. 

RONALDSHAY  (ST.  MARY),  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  South  Eonaldshay  Island,  Ork- 
ney.   Pop.  695. 

RONALDSHAY  (SOUTH),  island  and 
parish  in  south-east  of  Orkney.  The 
island  extends  northward  from  east  end 
of  Pentland  Firth  ;  measures  8  miles  in 
length,  and  mostly  from  2  to  5|  miles  in 
breadth  ;  includes  in  its  coast  three  bold 
headlands,  and  two  excellent  natural 
harbours  ;  rises  nowhere  higher  than  about 
300  feet  above  sea-level ;  presents  aggre- 
gately a  productive  and  well-cultivated 
appearance  ;  contains  the  post  office  village 
of  St.  Margaret's  Hope ;  and  has  some 
large  ancient  standing-stones,  numerous 
remains  of  Picts'  houses,  ruins  or  vestiges 
of  7  ancient  chapels,  2  modern  Established 
churches,  a  Free  church,  a  United  Presby- 
terian church,  and  2  public  schools.  Pop. 
2548. — The  parish  contains  also  Burray, 
Hunda,  and  Swona  Islands,  and  Pentland 
Skerries,  and  measures  13ir  miles  in  length. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £4254.  Pop. 
3314.  Established,  United  Presbyterian, 
and  Baptist  churches  are  in  Burray.  Five 
schools  for  659  scholars  are  in  the  parish, 
and  3  of  them  for  350  are  new. 

RONALDSONS,  ruined  watch-tower  on 
Kilninver  coast,  in  Lorn,  Argyleshire. 

RONAVAL,  mountain,  1502  feet  high, 
in  south  of  Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

RONHEADS,  fishing  suburb  of  Peter- 
bead,  Aberdeenshire. 

ROOST,  tumult  of  tidal  currents  adja- 
cent to  Sumburgh  Head,  at  southern 
extremity  of  Mainland,  Shetland. 

ROOST,  foaming  rapids  between  Eday 
and  Sanday  Islands,  Orkney. 

RORA,  estate,  with  granite  quarries  and 
public  school,  in  Longside  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

RORAY,  headland  in  north-west  of  Hoy, 
Orkney. 

ROSA,  stream,  traversing  Glenrosa,  in 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

ROSCOBIE,  village,  lime-works,  and  hill- 
ridge  about  Z\  miles  north  of  Dunferm- 
line, Fife. 

ROSEBANK,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  Dun- 
dee.   Pop.  7954. 

ROSEBANK,  modern  village  on  the  Clyde 
in  Dalserf  parish,  Lanarkshire. 


ROSEBANK,  seat  in  Eutherglen  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

ROSEBANK,  seat  in  Wick  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

ROSEBURN,  handsome  modern  western 
suburb  of  Edinburgh.   It  has  a  Free  church. 

ROSEHALL,  handsome  recent  suburb 
of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  United  Presby- 
terian ornate  church  of  1880. 

ROSEHALL,  town  in  eastern  vicinity  of 
Coatbridge,  Lanarkshire.  It  adjoins  Whif- 
flet  railway  station,  and  is  largely  engaged 
in  mineral  traffic.  Pop.  with  Whifflet,  3829. 

ROSEHALL,  estate,  with  mansion  7 
miles  west-north-west  of  Invershin,  on 
south  border  of  Sutherland.  It  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Sutherlandshire,  and  a 
Free  church. 

ROSEHAUGH,  seat  in  Avoch  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

ROSEHEARTY,  fishing  town,  4  miles 
west  of  Fraserburgh,  Aberdeenshire.  It 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Fraserburgh, 
a  banking  office,  a  Free  church,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  227  scholars.    Pop.  1404. 

ROSEISLE,  eminence  and  estate  in 
Duffus  parish,  Elginshire. 

ROSEISLEHAUGH,  estate  in  Duffus  par- 
ish, Elginshire. 

ROSEMARKIE,  village  and  parish  on 
east  coast  of  Ross-shire.  The  village 
stands  about  \  mile  north-north-east  of 
Chanonry,  was  made  a  royal  burgh  by 
Alexander  II.,  became  united  with 
Chanonry  to  constitute  the  town  and 
burgh  of  Fortrose,  is  identical  in 
industries  and  institutions  with  that 
town,  10J  miles  north-north-east  of  Inver- 
ness, and  has  a  post  office  under  Inver- 
ness. Pop.  301.  —  The  parish  extends 
about  6  miles  along  the  coast,  and  has  a 
mean  breadth  of  between  2  and  3  miles. 
Real  property  of  landward  part  in  1880- 
81,  £4561.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1357; 
quoad  sacra,  865.  The  coast  is  bold, 
rocky,  cavernous,  and  romantic ;  and  the 
interior  makes  a  gradual  ascent,  includes 
part  of  the  Mullbuy,  and  presents  a  very 
agreeable  appearance.  A  chief  residence 
is  Raddery,  and  chief  antiquities  are 
Rosemarkie  Cross,  and  an  artificial  mound 
called  Court  Hill.  The  churches  are  2 
Established,  1  Free,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Episcopalian.  There  are  3  schools  for 
325  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  130  is  new. 

ROSEMOUNT,  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Aberdeen.  Pop. 
8263. 

ROSENEATH,  village  and  peninsulated 
parish  in  extreme  west  of  Dumbartonshire. 
The  village  stands  on  Gare  Loch,  opposite 
Row  Point,  3£  miles  west-north-west  of 
Helensburgh,  is  a  small  charming  water- 
ing-place, includes  some  handsome  villas, 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  under  Helens- 
burgh, a  steamboat  pier,  Established  and 


ROS 


392 


EOS 


Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  82  scholars. — The  parish  contains 
also  Kilcreggan,  Craigrownie,  Cove, 
Coulport,  Clynder,  and  Kahane  villages, 
and  part  of  Garelochhead.  Its  length  is 
about  7  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  3| 
miles  ;  its  area  8461  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £22,074.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
1994 ;  quoad  sacra,  1901.  The  eastern 
boundary  is  all  Gare  Loch  down  to  its 
mouth  at  Roseneath  Point ;  the  southern 
boundary  is  Firth  of  Clyde  from  that 
westward,  to  Craigrownie  ;  the  western 
boundary  is  Loch  Long  from  its  mouth  up 
to  vicinity  of  Loch  Goil ;  and  the  northern 
boundary  is  an  isthmus  of  about  a  mile 
from  Loch  Long  eastward  to  head  of  Gare 
Loch.  The  coast  is  variously  sandy, 
sloping,  and  rocky ;  exhibits,  over  much 
of  its  aggregate,  a  fine  display  of  hand- 
some villages,  villas,  and  ornate  cottages  ; 
and  includes,  on  the  lower  part  of  Gare 
Loch,  the  singularly  good  anchoring-place 
of  Campsaile  Bay.  The  southern  part  of 
the  interior  is  a  mixture  of  slope,  swell, 
and  dingle,  contains  Roseneath  Castle, 
and  has  much  embellishment ;  the  middle 
and  northern  parts  are  chiefly  a  hill-ridge, 
culminating  at  530  feet  above  sea-level, 
and  commanding  exquisite  views ;  and 
the  whole  belonged,  till  the  latter  part  of 
15th  century,  to  the  Earls  of  Lennox,  and 
passed  then  to  the  noble  family  of  Argyle. 
Roseneath  Castle,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Argyle,  stands  near  the  site  of  an  ancient 
fortalice  refitted  as  a  noble  residence  in 
1630,  and  destroyed  by  accidental  fire  in 
1802;  and  it  was  erected  in  1803-6,  is 
in  a  mixed  style  of  Gothic,  Roman,  and 
Italian,  and  has  ornate  offices  and  splendid 
grounds.  The  ancient  fortalice  is  said  to 
have  been  captured  by  Sir  "William 
Wallace  ;  and  a  tract  adjacent  to  it 
figures  strongly,  but  quite  out  of 
character  with  its  true  topography,  in 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  Heart  of  Midlothian. 
The  churches  are  4  Established,  2  Free, 
and  2  United  Presbyterian  ;  and  there  are 
3  public  schools  with  about  317  scholars. 

ROSENESS,  promontory  on  north  side 
of  Holm  Sound,  9  miles  south-south-east 
of  Kirkwall,  Orkney. 

ROSETTA,  seat  about  a  mile  north  of 
Peebles. 

ROSEWELL,  town  about  a  mile  south 
of  Hawthornden  railway  station  in  Edin- 
burghsbire.  It  adjoins  collieries,  and  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
designated  of  Mid-Lothian,  a  quoad  sacra 
parochial  church  of  1872,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  215  scholars.  Pop.  of 
town,  1394  ;  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  2129. 

ROSHK,  lake  in  Strathbran,  Ross-shire. 

ROSKIE,  lake  in  north-east  of  Port-of- 
Monteith  parish,  Perthshire. 

ROSLIN,  village,  f  mile  north  of  North 
Esk  river,  and  8  miles  by  road,  but  12  by 
railway,  south  of  Edinburgh.  It  adjoins 
a  picturesque  reach  of  the  North  Esk's 
ravine  ;  it  draws  much  attention  for  sake 


of  neighbouring  ancient  church  and 
ancient  castle ;  it  gives  name  to  three 
victories  in  one  day  achieved  in  its  vicinity 
in  1303  by  the  Scotch  over  the  English ; 
it  ranked  in  15th  century  as  the  third 
largest  town  in  the  Lothians,  and 
witnessed  then  a  great  concourse  of  noble 
visitors  to  the  neighbouring  ancient  castle ; 
it  now  presents  a  modern,  pleasant,  semi- 
rural  appearance  ;  it  communicates  with 
south  bank  of  the  Esk  by  a  long  iron  girder- 
bridge  of  1871 ;  it  has  a  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Mid-Lothian,  a  railway  station,  2 
hotels,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  a 
Free  church  of  1881,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  171  scholars  ;  and  it  gives  the 
title  of  earl,  in  the  form  of  Rosslyn,  to 
the  family  of  St.  Clair-Erskine.  Pop. 
611.  The  ancient  church,  popularly 
called  Rosslyn  Chapel,  stands  about  a 
furlong  south-east  of  the  village ;  was 
founded  in  1446,  for  a  provost  and  six 
prebendaries,  by  William  St.  Clair,  third 
Earl  of  Orkney  ;  was  designed  to  be  cruci- 
form, but  was  never  completed,  and  con- 
sists of  only  a  chancel  and  part  of  a 
transept,  with  subjacent  burial-vault ; 
exhibits  peculiar  features  of  pointed  archi- 
tecture, and  a  richly  ornate  interior ;  is 
celebrated,  connectedly  with  a  superstition 
about  the  St.  Clairs,  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
ballad  of  '  Rosabelle  ; '  and  serves  now,  in 
the  summer  months,  as  an  Episcopalian 
church.  Roslin  Castle  stands  about  200 
yards  from  the  church;  crowns  an  insu- 
lated precipitous  rock  rising  from  the  bed 
of  the  Esk ;  surmounts  a  triple  tier  of 
vaults ;  and  comprises  an  old  ruin  of  200 
feet  by  90,  and  a  comparatively  modern 
pile.    Pop.  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  1476. 

ROSLINLEE.    See  Rosslynlee. 

ROSS,  suburb  of  Comrie,  Perthshire. 

ROSS,  fishing  village,  2\  miles  west-by- 
south  of  Ay  ton,  Berwickshire.  Pop.  with 
Burnmouth,  371. 

ROSS,  ancient  seat  of  junior  member  of 
noble  family  of  Hamilton,  in  Hamilton 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

ROSS,  peninsular  tract,  14  miles  long,  in 
south-west  of  Mull  Island,  extending  to 
within  a  mile  of  Iona,  in  Argyleshire. 

ROSS,  ancient  parish,  comprehending  all 
Mull  Island  south  of  Aros  and  Loch-na- 
Keal,  in  Argyleshire. 

ROSS,  bay  and  hill  in  Borgue  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

ROSSACHY,  burn,  running  to  the  Dee 
in  Aboyne  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

ROSS-ARDEN,  small  headland  on  west 
side  of  Loch  Lomond,  5|  miles  south  of 
Luss. 

ROSSDHU,  seat  of  Sir  James  Col- 
quhoun,  Bart.,  on  west  side  of  Loch 
Lomond,  2  miles  south  of  Luss. 

ROSS  (EASTER).    See  Ross-SHIRE. 

ROSSEND,  castellated  seat,  partly  of 
15th  century  and  partly  modern,  at  west 
end  of  Burntisland,  Fife. 

ROSSFINLAS,  small  headland  on  west 
side  of  Loch  Lomond,  south  of  Luss. 


EOS 


393 


ROS 


ROSSIE,  seat  in  south-western  vicinity 
of  Montrose,  and  island,  called  also  Inch- 
brayock,  in  the  South  Esk,  suburban  to 
Montrose,  in  Forfarshire.  Pop.  of  island, 
169. 

ROSSIE,  estate  in  Collessie  parish,  Fife. 

ROSSIE  PRIORY,  seat  of  Lord  Kinnaird, 
3  miles  north  of  Inchture  railway  station, 
Perthshire.  It  was  erected  in  1817,  and 
it  has  fine  grounds  containing  a  campanile 
tower  and  a  ruined  ancient  fortalice. 

ROSSITER,  place,  with  ruined  old  chapel, 
in  North  Yell,  Shetland. 

ROSSKEEN,  parish,  containing  Inver- 
gordon  town,  and  Bridgend  and  Saltburn 
villages,  in  east  of  Eoss-shire.  Its  length 
is  about  10  miles  ;  its  mean  breadth  about 
6  miles.  Real  property  in  1880  -  81, 
£15,217.  Pop.  3773.  The  surface  in- 
cludes a  level  shore  along  middle  part  of 
Cromarty  Firth  ;  rises  thence  with  gentle 
acclivity  over  a  distance  of  about  4  miles  ; 
and  is  hilly  and  mountainous  thence  to 
the  north-western  boundary.  Chief  seats 
are  Invergordon  Castle  and.  Ardross,  and 
chief  antiquities  are  an  obelisk  and  a 
number  of  cairns.  The  churches  are  Es- 
tablished and  Free.  There  are  7  schools  for 
941  scholars,  and  4  of  them  for  628  are  new. 

ROSSLAND,  hamlet  and  estate  in 
Erskine  parish,  Renfrewshire. 

ROSS  (LITTLE)',  islet  in  mouth  of  river 
Dee,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  commands  a 
splendid  view,  and  has  a  lighthouse  with 
flashing  light  visible  at  the  distance  of  18 
nautical  miles. 

ROSSLYN.  SeeRoSLiN. 

ROSSLYN  CASTLE,  station  on  Penicuick 
Railway,  4J  miles  south-west  of  Eskbank, 
Edinburghshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Mid-Lothian. 

ROSSLYNLEE,  station  on  Peebles  Rail- 
way, 4^  miles  south-west-by-south  of 
Eskbank,  Edinburghshire. 

ROSS  (MIDDLE  and  NETHER),  two 
small  headlands  on  west  side  of  Loch 
Lomond,  in  Luss  parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

ROSS  PRIORY,  seat  on  Loch  Lomond, 
3|  miles  north-north-east  of  Balloch,  Dum- 
bartonshire. It  was  much  visited  by  Sir 
Walter  Scott  while  composing  his  Rob  R,oy. 

ROSS-SHIRE,  or  ROSS,  maritime  county 
immediately  north  of  Inverness-shire.  It 
comprehends  a  section  of  the  mainland 
extending  from  Moray  Firth  to  the 
Atlantic  ;  comprehends  also  Lewis-proper 
in  Outer  Hebrides ;  includes  numerous 
islands  and  islets,  both  near  the  mainland 
and  near  Lewis ;  is  intermixed,  in  east, 
north,  and  west  parts  of  its  main  body, 
with  the  scattered  sections  of  Cromarty- 
shire ;  and  embosoms,  in  south-east  of  its 
main  body,  the  Ferintosh  section  of  Nairn- 
shire. The  main  body  is  proximately 
triangular,  and  measures  55  miles  along  its 
north  side,  83  miles  along  its  south-east 
side,  and  64  miles  along  its  west  side  ;  the 
Hebridean  portion,  exclusive  of  remote 
islands,  measures  45  miles  by  30  ;  and  the 
entire  county,  exclusive  of  the  Cromarty- 


shire and  Nairnshire  interspersions,  com- 
prises 3445  square  miles.  Ross,  Cromarty, 
Ferintosh,  and  Sutherland  form  one 
sheriffdom ;  but  the  three  former  are 
divided  administratively  into  Easter  Ross, 
"Wester  Ross,  and  Lewis,  with  sheriff 
courts  at  respectively  Tain,  Dingwall, 
and  Stornoway;  and  are  regarded 
popularly  as  comprehending  the  districts 
of  Easter  Ross  from  Tai-batness  to  Alness 
river,  Ardmeanach  or  Black  Isle  between 
Cromarty  Firth  and  Moray  Firth,  Fearn- 
donald  from  Alness  river  to  Orrin  river, 
and  Highlands  subdivided  into  Ardross, 
Strathoikell,  Strathcarron,  Coigach,  Loch- 
broom,  Gairloch,  Applecross,  Lochalsh, 
Glenshiel,  Strathbran,  Strathgarve,  Strath- 
dirry,  Glenelchaig,  and  some  minor 
sections.  The  east  coast  is  bounded  in 
the  north  and  the  south  by  respectively 
Dornoch  Firth  and  Loch  Beauly,  includes 
the  entire  extent  of  Cromarty  Firth,  and 
possesses  many  fine  small  bays  and  good 
natural  harbours;  and  the  west  coast  ex- 
tends from  Loch  Enard  in  the  north  to 
Loch  Alsh  in  the  south,  and  is  cut  into 
ten  sections  by  sea-lochs  mostly  of  con- 
siderable or  great  length,  and  winged  with 
creeks  or  small  bays.  The  eastern  dis- 
tricts, to  the  mean  breadth  of  about  11 
miles  from  the  coast,  are  prevailingly  low, 
fertile,  and  embellished,  but  include  the 
Mullbuy  and  some  ranges  of  sea-cliff,  and 
are  overhung  by  the  stupendous  alpine 
mass  of  Benwyvis  ;  the  western  districts, 
both  on  the  immediate  seaboard  and 
far  inland,  abound  in  bold  mountains, 
with  altitudes  of  from  2000  to  upwards 
of  3000  feet  above  sea- level ;  and  the 
interior  districts,  with  exception  of  glen 
bottoms  and  lake  margins,  are  all  wildly 
upland,  and  include  many  an  alpine 
summit.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Oikell 
and  the  Carron,  running  to  Dornoch  Firth ; 
the  Balnagowan,  the  Alness,  the  Ault- 
grande,  and  the  Conan,  running  to  Cromarty 
Firth ;  the  Broom,  the  Ewe,  and  the 
Carron,  running  to  heads  of  sea-lochs  of 
the  same  names  in  the  west ;  and  the 
Shiel,  running  to  head  of  Loch  Duich  in 
the  south-west.  The  fresh-water  lakes 
include  the  long  splendid  Maree,  the 
Fannich,  the  Fuir,  the  Luichart,  the 
Glass,  the  Moir,  the  Monar,  the  Vattie, 
the  Lurgan,  and  many  others.  The  rocks 
possess  great  interest  for  geologists,  but 
have  very  little  economical  value.  The 
agriculture  of  lowland  tracts  is  in  highly 
improved  condition  ;  the  manufactures  of 
any  sort  are  very  limited;  the  fisheries 
comprise  four  districts  and  part  of 
another  of  the  25  fishery  districts  of 
Scotland,  and  are  very  productive  ;  and 
the  exports  are  made  from  several  sub- 
ports,  and  from  Inverness  and  Stornoway, 
and  consist  chiefly  of  black  cattle,  sheep, 
wool,  fish,  and  grain.  The  towns  with 
each  more  than  2000  inhabitants  are  Ding- 
wall and  Stornoway  ;  with  each  more  than 
1000  are  Tain,  Cromarty,  Swainbost,  Inver- 


ROS 


394 


ROT 


gordon,  and  Avoch  ;  and  the  villages  with 
each  more  than  300  amount  to  35.  Ross 
was  inhabited  by  the  Caledonian  Creones 
and  Cantse ;  was  held  along  with  Moray 
province  by  Macbeth  ;  formed  an  earldom, 
from  an  early  period  till  that  of  James 
III.,  in  favour  of  the  Macdonalds  ;  passed 
to  the  Mackenzies  of  Kintail  ;  gave  the 
peerage  title  of  baron  from  1502  till  1754 
to  the  Rosses  of  Halkhead;  and  retains 
numerous  monuments  of  both  the  Cale- 
donian and  the  mediaeval  times.  Real 
property  of  Ross  in  1880-81,  £301,556. 
Pop.  of  Ross  and  Cromarty  in  1871, 
80,955  ;  in  1881,  78,539. 

ROSS  (WESTER).    See  Ross-shire, 

ROSYTH,  ruined  castle  and  ancient 
parish  on  south  coast  of  Fife.  The  castle 
stands  on  small  rock  connected  by  cause- 
way with  mainland,  2  miles  east  of  Lime- 
kilns, and  is  the  remnant  of  a  royal  seat 
noticed  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Abbot. — The 
parish  was  annexed  in  1636  to  Inverkeith- 
ing,  and  retains  its  burying-ground  and 
ruins  of  its  church. 

ROTHES,  town  in  Elginshire,  and  parish 
partly  also  in  Banffshire.  The  town  stands 
near  the  Spey,  13  miles  south -by-east  of 
Elgin ;  was  founded  in  1766 ;  comprises 
four  streets  meeting  in  a  centre  ;  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Elgin,  a  railway  sta- 
tion, 2  banking  offices,  2  hotels,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  2  public  schools ; 
gives  the  title  of  earl  to  the  family  of 
Leslie  ;  and  adjoins  the  site  of  the  ancient 
strong  castellated  seat  of  the  earls.  Pop. 
1382.  —  The  parish  contains  also  Orton 
village,  measures  about  9J  miles  in  length, 
and  nearly  3  in  mean  breadth,  and  com- 
prises 18,965  acres  in  Elginshire  and  851 
in  Banffshire.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£9716  and  £383.  Pop.  2201.  The  Banff- 
shire section  is  a  peninsular  tract  on 
right  side  of  the  Spey;  and  the  Elgin- 
shire section  includes  a  level  tract  along 
left  side  of  the  Spey,  rises  thence  into 
irregular  eminences  intersected  by  four 
vales,  and  ascends  to  the  north  and  the 
west  into  considerable  hills.  Chief  seats 
are  Orton  and  Auchinroath ;  and  chief 
antiquities  are  the  walls  and  burying- 
ground  of  Dundurcus  church.  There  are 
5  schools  for  581  scholars,  and  2  of  them 
for  445  are  new. 

ROTHES,  place,  with  paper-mill  and 
bleachfield,  in  Markinch  parish,  Fife. 

ROTHESAY,  town  and  parish  in  Isle  of 
Bute.  The  town  stands  on  half-moon  bay 
1|  mile  wide,  immediately  within  south- 
east end  of  Kyles  of  Bute,  18  miles  south- 
west of  Greenock  ;  arose  and  prospered 
around  a  famous  ancient  castle ;  gave  to 
the  eldest  son  of  Robert  nr.,  and  gives 
now  to  the  Prince  of  Wales,  the  title  of 
duke  ;  ranks  as  a  favourite  watering-place, 
a  retreat  of  invalids,  a  seat  of  manufacture, 
a  seaport,  the  centre  of  a  fishery  district, 
a  royal  burgh,  and  the  capital  of  Bute- 
shire ;  enjoys  so  fine  a  climate  as  to  have 


been  long  reputed  the  Montpellier  of 
Scotland  ;  commands  charming  views  both 
from  its  front,  and  especially  from  Barone 
Hill  immediately  behind  it ;  comprises  a 
compact  mass  of  streets  at  the  bay's  head, 
and  handsome  outskirts  and  lines  of  villas 
along  the  shores  to  the  bay's  mouth ; 
underwent  improvement  of  its  sanitary 
condition  by  extensive  works  in  1871-77 ; 
acquired  a  tramway  to  Port-Bannatyne  in 
1882 ;  publishes  3  weekly  newspapers  ;  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
3  banking  offices,  5  hotels,  county  buildings, 
public  halls,  an  aquarium,  a  band  pavilion, 
an  excellent  harbour,  3  Established 
churches,  3  Free  churches,  United  Presby- 
terian, Baptist,  Episcopalian,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  an  academy,  and  2 
primary  public  schools.  The  Castle  stands 
within  a  compact  part  of  the  town ;  was 
founded  in  1098  by  Magnus  Barefoot  of 
Norway  to  secure  his  hold  on  the  Hebrides  ; 
underwent  enlargement  to  become  a  pala- 
tial fort  of  the  Lords  High  Stewards  of 
Scotland  ;  figured  in  the  invasion  by  Haco 
of  Norway,  and  in  wars  of  the  Succession  ; 
was  an  occasional  residence  of  several  of 
the  Scottish  kings,  and  the  death-place  of 
Robert  ill.  ;  suffered  injury  by  Cromwell, 
and  ruination  in  1685  by  the  Earl  of 
Argyle  ;  and  was  so  extensively  and  taste- 
fully restored  in  1873-74  as  to  be  rendered 
eminently  picturesque.  The  County 
Buildings  are  a  castellated  structure  of 
1832.  The  public  halls  were  completed  in 
December  1879,  cost  upwards  of  £12,000, 
and  have  an  elegant  main  circular  apart- 
ment with  accommodation  for  1367  per- 
sons. The  aquarium  was  formed  in 
1875-76  at  a  cost  of  about  £12,000,  is  a 
crystal  palace  contiguous  to  the  sea,  and 
includes  a  promenade  and  concert-hall. 
One  of  the  Established  churches  adjoins 
the  ruined  choir  of  what  was  for  some 
time  the  cathedral  of  the  diocese  of  Argyle 
and  the  Isles  ;  and  two  of  the  Free  churches 
are  modern  structures  with  conspicuous 
spires.  The  harbour  was  formed  in  years 
from  1822  till  1873  at  a  cost  of  about 
£22,000.  Real  property  of  the  burgh  in 
1880-81,  £55,704.  Pop.  8291.— The  par- 
ish contains  also  Ascog  village  ;  it  formerly 
included  what  is  now  North  Bute  parish, 
containing  Port-Bannatyne  or  Kaimes- 
burgh ;  and  it  may  be  most  conveniently 
described  as  still  including  that  parish.  Its 
length,  thus  understood,  is  nearly  10  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth,  exclusive  of  Inchmar- 
nock,  5  miles ;  its  area  20,847  acres,  of 
which  14,764  are  in  North  Bute.  Real  pro- 
perty of  landward  part  in  1880-81,  £14,646, 
of  which  £12,196  were  in  North  Bute. 
Pop.  8538,  of  which  1192  were  in  North 
Bute.  The  boundary  all  round,  except  on 
the  south,  is  formed  by  Kyles  of  Bute  and 
Firth  of  Clyde.  The  coast  consists  mostly 
of  gravelly  slopes  and  shelving  rocks,  and 
is  indented  by  two  bays  on  the  east  and 
two  on  the  west.  Two  fine  dingles  cross 
the  interior  from  the  eastern  bays  to  the 


ROT 


395 


ROW 


western  ones ;  and  rising-grounds  and 
hills,  with  pleasing  diversity  of  surface, 
fill  nearly  all  the  rest  of  the  interior. 
Chief  residences  are  handsome  villas  at 
and  near  Ascog  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
a  Caledonian  stone  circle,  numerous  stand- 
ing7stones,  tumuli,  and  hill-forts,  #  and 
Kaimes  and  Kilmorie  castles.  Established 
and  Free  churches  are  in  North  Bute. 
There  are  12  schools  for  1930  scholars ;  2 
of  them  for  516  are  new,  and  2  for  263  are 
outside  of  Bothesay  burgh. 

ROTHIE,  seat  in  Fy  vie  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

ROTHIEMAY,  village  and  parish  in 
Banffshire.  The  village  stands  on  left 
side  of  Deveron  river,  2  miles  north-east 
of  a  railway  station  of  its  own  name,  at  5 
miles  north  of  Huntly,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Huntly,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
139  scholars. — The  parish  contains  also 
Milltown  village,  measures  about  1\  miles 
by  5^,  and  comprises  9365  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5062.  Pop.  1363. 
The  southern  section  is  rich  low  country, 
and  the  northern  one  is  a  partially  tumu- 
lated  plateau.  The  seats  are  Bothiemay 
and  Mayen,  and  the  former  belongs  to  the 
Earl  of  Fife.  There  are  4  schools  for  375 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  80  is  new. 

ROTHIEMURCHUS,  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  church  about  13  miles  north-east  of 
Kingussie,  on  east  border  of  Inverness- 
shire.  Its  post  town  is  Aviemore.  Its 
length  is  about  10  miles ;  its  breadth 
about  7  miles.  Pop.  293.  The  surface 
includes  a  rich  low  tract  along  right  side 
of  the  Spey,  and  rises  thence  to  an  alpine 
summit-line  of  Cairngorm  Mountains. 
The  chief  residence  is  Bothiemurchus 
House,  and  the  chief  antiquity  is  a  ruined 
fortalice  of  the  Wolf  of  Badenoch  on  an 
islet  in  Loch-an-Eilan.  The  public  school 
has  about  94  scholars.  The  parish  was 
formerly  a  quoad  civilia  one,  but  is  now 
annexed  politically  to  Duthil. 

ROTHIE-NORMAN,  place,  6&  miles  north 
of  Inveramsay,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  designated  of  Aberdeenshire, 
and  a  railway  station. 

ROTHMAISE,  seat  and  hill  in  Bayne 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

ROTHNEY,  village  near  Insch  railway 
station,  Aberdeenshire.    Pop.  241. 

ROTHNICK,  estate  in  Fetteresso  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

ROTMEL,  two  lakes  and  site  of  ancient 
castle  in  Dowally  parish,  Perthshire. 

ROTTEARN,  village  in  Dunblane  parish, 
Perthshire. 

ROTTEN     C  ALDER.       See  Calder, 

ROTTENRAW,  affluent  of  Elliot  rivulet, 
Forfarshire. 

ROTTRAW,  farm,  with  site  of  ancient 
tower,  in  Borgue  parish,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

ROUCAN,  village,  3J  miles  east-north- 
east of  Dumfries. 


ROUGH,  hill,  once  crowned  with  ancient 
fort,  in  East  Kilbride  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

ROUGH,  burn,  entering  the  Garnock 
1  mile  north  of  Kilwinning,  Ayrshire. 

ROUGHCASTLE,  site  of  fort  on  Anto- 
ninus' Wall,  6  miles  west-south-west  of 
Falkirk,  Stirlingshire. 

ROUGHLY,  affluent  of  Hermitage 
rivulet  in  Liddesdale,  Boxburghshire. 

ROUGHLYNOOK,  hill  in  south  of  Jed- 
bugh  parish,  Boxburghshire. 

ROUGHRIGG,  village  in  New  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  689. 

ROUGHTREE,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Kirkpatrick-Irongray  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

ROUNDABOUT,  ancient  camp  in  Alf  ord 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

ROUNDHILL,  eminence,  with  vestige  of 
hill-fort,  in  Old  Kilpatrick  parish,  Dum- 
bartonshire, 

ROUNDYHILL,  hamlet  in  Kirriemuir 
parish,  Forfarshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  97  scholars. 

ROUSAY,  island  and  parish  in  Orkney. 
The  island  lies  from  \  mile  to  If  mile 
north-east  of  Evie  in  Pomona ;  measures 
about  4  miles  by  3  ;  rises  from  shores  vari- 
ously rocky,  sloping,  and  low  into  the 
form  of  a  massive  truncated  cone  ;  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  department, 
designated  of  Orkney,  an  inn,  several 
harbours,  Westness  and  Westside 
mansions,  Scandinavian  dunes,  tumuli, 
standing-stones,  an  ancient  camp,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  3  public  schools  ;  and 
yielded  in  1880,  through  excavation  of 
sepulchral  mounds,  a  curious  urn,  destined 
to  be  lodged  in  Edinburgh  Antiquarian 
Museum.  Pop.  873.  —  The  parish  com- 
prehends also  Eagleshay,  Weir,  and 
Enhallow  islands,  and  two  pastoral  islets, 
and  is  so  little  intersected  by  the  sea  as  to 
measure  only  about  6 \  miles  by  5.  Beal 
property  in  1880-81,  £3773.  Pop.  1118. 
An  Established  church  is  in  Eagleshay  ; 
and  2  old  public  schools  for  113  scholars, 
and  3  new  ones  for  141,  are  in  the  parish. 

ROUSHOLM,  bay  and  bold  high  head- 
land on  south  of  Stronsay  Island,  Orkney. 

ROUTDON,  burn  in  Largs  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

ROUTING-BRIDGE,  place  on  Old  Water 
rivulet,  at  romantic  chasm  and  cascade, 
in  Kirkpatrick-Irongray  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

ROUTING-WELL,  deep  shaft  through 
rocks,  emitting  rumbling  noise  at  high 
wind,  in  vicinity  of  Musselburgh,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

ROVA,  headland  in  north-east  of  Ting- 
wall  parish,  Shetland. 

ROW,  village  and  parish  on  west  border 
of  Dumbartonshire.  The  village  stands 
on  north  side  of  Gareloch,  2j  miles  north- 
west of  Helensburgh ;  is  environed  by 
charming  scenery  of  water,  wood,  and 
villas  j  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 


ROW 


396 


ROX 


Helensburgh,  a  steamboat  pier,  a  beauti- 
ful towered  parochial  church  of  1850,  a 
cemetery  with  grave  and  monument  of 
Henry  Bell,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
83  scholars.  Pop.  516. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  Helensburgh  town  and  most  of 
Garelochhead  village,  measures  9  miles 
by  5,  and  comprises  20,126  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £79,855.  Pop. ,  quoad 
civilia,  10,097 ;  quoad  sacra,  1725.  A  belt 
of  low  shore  and  contiguous  slope  extends 
along  all  Gareloch  from  Helensburgh  to 
Garelochhead,  is  thickly  studded  with 
mansions  and  villas,  and  has  rich  embel- 
lishment of  wood  and  culture  ;  a  hill- 
range,  with  altitudes  of  from  667  to  1183 
feet  above  sea-level,  extends  immediately 
behind,  and  abuts  on  Loch  Long ;  another 
range,  with  altitudes  of  from  1630  to 
2092  feet,  extends  parallel  to  that,  has  its 
watershed,  along  the  northern  boundary, 
and  also  abuts  on  Loch  Long ;  and  Glen- 
fruin,  contracting  gradually  from  strath 
to  narrowness,  lies  between  the  two  ranges. 
Chief  seats  are  Ardincaple,  Shandon 
Lodge,  and  West  Shandon ;  and  chief 
antiquities  are  vestiges  of  Shandon  and 
Faslane  castles.  Eight  churches  are  in 
Helensburgh,  2  are  in  Garelochhead,  and 
1  is  at  Shandon.  Fourteen  schools  for 
2132  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  2  of 
them  for  230  are  new. 

ROW,  high  natural  arch  in  peninsular 
crag  on  Sandwick  coast,  Orkney. 

ROWADILL,  sea-loch  and  peninsula  at 
south-eastern  extremity  of  Harris,  Outer 
Hebrides.  A  ruined  church  stands  on  the 
peninsula  ;  belonged  to  an  ancient  monas- 
tery on  site  of  a  Culdee  cell ;  and  was  used 
for  some  time  as  a  parochial  church. 

ROWALLAN,  ancient  castle,  1^  mile 
north-east  of  Kilmaurs,  Ayrshire. 

ROWANBURN,  brook  and  village  in 
Canonbie  parish,  Dumfriesshire.   Pop.  407. 

ROWARDENNAN,  hotel  on  east  side  of 
Loch  Lomond  and  south  skirt  of  Ben- 
lomond,  Stirlingshire.  It  is  the  best  and 
ordinary  starting-point  for  ascending 
Benlomond. 

ROWCHESTER,  seat  in  Greenlaw  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

ROXBURGH,  village  and  parish  in  north 
of  Boxburghshire.  The  village  stands  \ 
mile  west  of  the  Teviot,  and  3J  miles  by 
road,  but  4  by  railway,  south-south-west 
of  Kelso  ;  was  long  a  considerable  town, 
dating  from  about  the  time  of  David  I.  ; 
adjoins  a  ruined  old  tower  bearing  vari- 
ously the  names  of  Roxburgh,  Wallace, 
and  Sunlaws  ;  gives  the  titles  of  earl  and 
duke  to  the  family  of  Kerr ;  is  now  a  small 
place  with  rural  aspect ;  and  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Roxburghshire,  a  rail- 
way station,  a  parochial  church  with  about 
500  sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
104  scholars. — The  parish  contains  also 
Heiton  village,  measures  about  8  miles 
by  5,  and  comprises  7781  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £16,499.  Pop.  1012. 
The  Tweed  forms  part  of  the  northern 


boundary,  and  the  Teviot  crosses  the 
interior,  and  is  here  spanned  by  a  lofty 
fourteen -arched  railway  viaduct.  A 
moorish  hill  is  in  the  south-west,  but  the 
rest  of  the  surface  declines  chiefly  to  the 
rivers,  and  is  prevailingly  low,  undulated, 
and  fertile.  The  seats  are  Sunlaws  and 
Fairnington  ;  curious  objects  are  several 
old  artificial  caves  overlooking  the  Teviot ; 
and  the  chief  antiquity  is  the  ruin  of 
Roxburgh  Castle.  There  are  3  schools 
with  capacity  for  248  scholars. 

ROXBURGH  (OLD),  quondam  town  on 
northern  verge  of  Roxburgh  parish, 
Roxburghshire.  It  stood  on  the  peninsula 
between  the  Tweed  and  the  Teviot, 
opposite  original  town  of  Kelso ;  was  one 
of  the  early  four  burghs  of  Scotland,  and 
long  a  provincial  capital  ;  had  such 
prosperity  in  time  of  David  I.  as  to 
originate  Roxburgh  town,  2  miles  to  the 
south -south-west,  by  overflow  of  its 
population ;  possessed  a  great  castle,  a 
royal  mint,  and  large  ecclesiastical  and 
commercial  establishments  ;  figured  much 
and  suffered  severely  in  wars  of  the 
Succession  and  other  military  conflicts  ; 
underwent  utter  desolation  in  1369  and 
1460 ;  passed  under  ban  of  the  Scottish 
Government  on  account  of  entanglement 
with  the  English  ;  and  is  now  represented 
by  only  a  fragment  of  its  castle.  That 
structure  stood  on  a  tabular  rock  about 
40  feet  high  at  its  upper  extremity ;  may 
have  been  erected  by  the  Northumbrian 
Saxons;  became,  by  enlargement,  both  a 
fortress  of  the  Scottish  kingdom  and  a 
palace  of  the  Scottish  kings ;  went  re- 
peatedly, by  capture,  into  possession  of  the 
English  ;  sustained  a  vigorous  siege  by 
James  II.  of  Scotland  at  the  cost  of  his 
life ;  was  then  taken  by  the  Scotch,  and 
dismantled,  that  it  might  not  again  serve 
the  English  ;  underwent  reconstruction 
into  a  barrack  by  the  Duke  of  Somerset 
in  1547 ;  and  now  consists  of  only  ruined 
portions  of  walls  covered  with  trees. 

ROXBURGHSHIRE,  inland  county  be- 
tween Berwickshire  and  Dumfriesshire, 
on  Scottish  border.  Its  length  is  41  miles ; 
its  greatest  breadth  29  miles  ;  its  circuit 
about  140  miles  ;  its  area  670  square  miles. 
Its  boundary  in  most  of  the  east,  in  most 
of  the  south-east,  and  in  nearly  all  the 
south-west,  is  mostly  lofty  mountain 
watershed ;  over  an  aggregate  of  about  7 
miles  in  the  north  is  the  Tweed ;  in  other 
parts  is  mostly  artificial  and  extensively 
capricious.  A  small  section  in  the  north- 
west, between  the  Gala  and  the  Leader, 
consists  of  pastoral  hills  intersected  by  one 
vale,  and  flanked  by  parts  of  two  others. 
Another  small  section  on  north  side  of  the 
Tweed  is  part  of  the  champaign  of  the 
Merse.  A  larger  section,  in  the  extreme 
south,  is  Liddesdale,  chiefly  moorish  up- 
land, mainly  bounded  by  lofty  watersheds. 
The  rest  of  the  area,  comprising  fully 
three-fourths  of  the  whole,  consists  princi- 
pally of  the  basin  of  the  Teviot ;  gives  some 


ROY 


397 


RUM 


times  the  name  of  Teviotdale  to  the  whole 
county ;  includes  Eildon  Hills  in  the  north- 
west, Minto  Hills  in  the  west  centre,  and 
Ruberslaw,  Dunian,  and  Bonchester  Hills 
farther  south  ;  is  bisected  from  south-west 
to  north-east  by  the  Teviot's  vale,  com- 
mencing in  narrow  glen,  widening  into 
considerable  strath,  and  flattening  and 
expanding  into  champaign ;  and  rises 
thence,  partly  in  upper  portion  of  the  left 
side,  principally  with  increasing  breadth 
on  the  ri-;ht  side,  through  much  diversity 
and  pic;uresqueness  of  feature,  to  a 
boundary  line  of  watershed,  first  along 
a  range  of  the  Southern  Highlands,  next 
along  a  central  line  of  the  Cheviots,  with 
multitudes  of  summits  upwards  of  1500 
feet  high,  to  a  culminating  one  2668  feet 
high.  The  chief  streams  are  the  Liddel 
in  the  south  passing  into  England,  the 
Tweed  in  the  north,  the  Teviot  along  the 
centre,  and  such  numerous  and  brilliant 
affluents  of  the  Tweed  and  the  Teviot  as 
give  great  beauty  to  the  landscape.  The 
lakes  are  numerous,  but  all  small.  The 
rocks  possess  much  interest  for  geologists, 
but  have  small  amount  of  economical 
value.  Agriculture  in  both  its  arable  and 
its  pastoral  departments  is  advanced  and 
skilful.  The  woollen  manufactures  flourish 
in  Hawick,  Jedburgh,  and  Galashiels ; 
and  other  manufactures  are  considerable, 
both  in  these  towns  and  in  other  places. 
The  towns  with  each  more  than  4000 
inhabitants  are  Hawick,  Kelso,  and  part 
of  Galashiels ;  one  with  upwards  of  3000 
is  Jedburgh  ;  one  with  upwards  of  1000 
is  Melrose  ;  and  the  villages  with  each 
more  than  300  amount  to  12.  The  terri- 
tory belonged  to  the  Caledonian  Gadeni 
and  Ottadini ;  was  included  by  the  Eomans 
in  their  Valentia ;  formed  part  of  the 
Saxon  Northumbria ;  figured  much  in  the 
movements  of  the  Culdees,  and  in  all 
stages  of  the  Border  wars  ;  and  has  nume- 
rous Caledonian  and  Roman  remains, 
numerous  Border  peels  and  castles,  and 
fine  abbey  ruins  at  Melrose,  Jedburgh,  and 
Kelso.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £429,916. 
Pop.  in  1871,  49,407 ;  in  1881,  53,445. 

ROY,  rivulet,  running  16  miles  south- 
westward  to  the  Spean,  in  Inverness-shire. 
See  Glenkoy. 

ROY'S  CAIRN,  mountain  summit,  with 
extensive  view,  in  Knockando  parish, 
Elginshire. 

ROZELLE,  seat  near  Ayr. 

RU.    See  Rhu. 

RUBERSLAW,  rugged  peaked  mountain, 
1392  feet  high,  overhanging  vale  of  the 
Teviot  near  Denholm,  Roxburghshire. 

RUBISLAW,  village,  factories,  and  fine 
granite  quarries  in  Old  Machar  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  The  village  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen,  and  a  quoad  sacra 
parochial  church.  Pop.  of  quoad  sacra 
parish,  3194. 

RUCHAZIE,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Shettleston  parish,  south-eastern  out- 
skirts of  Glasgow. 


RUCHILL,  rivulet,  running  about  13 
miles  to  right  side  of  the  Earn  at  Comrie, 
Perthshire. 

RUCHILL,  woodlands  in  East  Barony, 
Kilsyth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

RUCHLAW,  ancient  seat  in  Whittingham 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

RUDE,  spring,  beneath  curious  circular 
stone  building,  near  Stenton  village,  Had- 
dingtonshire. 

RUEL,  rivulet,  running  10  miles  south- 
ward to  head  of  Loch  Riddan,  in  Cowal, 
Argyleshire. 

RUEVAL,  sound  between  North  Uist 
and  Benbecula,  Outer  Hebrides.  It 
measures  about  9  miles  in  length  and  3 
in  mean  breadth,  but  is  so  studded  with 
islands  and  islets  as  to  be  a  labyrinth  of 
land  and  water. 

RUGGY,  hill,  with  site  of  annual  mar- 
ket, 7^  miles  south-by-east  of  Thurso, 
Caithness. 

RUGH,  hill  in  Kilsyth  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

RUGLEN.    See  Rutherglen. 

RUISKY,  old  forest  around  Mealfour- 
vounie  Mountain,  on  north-west  side  of 
Loch  Ness,  Inverness-shire. 

RULE,  rivulet,  running  about  14  miles 
northward  to  the  Teviot  at  2  miles  north- 
east of  Denholm,  Roxburghshire. 

RULLION  GREEN,  scene  of  defeat  of  the 
Covenanters  in  1666,  with  monument  to 
those  of  them  who  fell  there,  2  miles 
north-west  of  Penicuick,  Edinburghshire. 

RUM,  island  of  Inner  Hebrides,  16  miles 
north-by-west  of  Ardnamurchan  Point, 
Argyleshire.  It  measures  8  miles  by  7, 
consists  chiefly  of  trap  rocks,  has  rough 
dangerous  shores,  rises  in  many  parts 
abruptly  from  the  sea,  and  is  mostly  a 
wild  mass  of  mountains,  culminating  at 
an  altitude  of  2667  feet  above  sea-level. 
Pop.  89. 

RUMBLETON,  estate  in  Gordon  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

RUMBLING-BRIDGE,  place  on  Devon 
river,  4^  miles  east-north-east  of  Dollar, 
Clackmannanshire.  It  adjoins  romantic 
falls  in  the  river  ;  includes  a  chasm  spanned 
by  two  bridges  at  heights  of  respectively  80 
and  120  feet  above  the  stream  ;  and  has  a 
post  office  designated  of  Clackmannanshire, 
a  railway  station,  and  a  hotel. 

RUMBLING-BRIDGE,  place,  with  fearful 
chasm  traversed  by  wild  cataracts  of  river 
Bran,  and  spanned  by  a  single  arch,  2.j 
miles  west-south-west  of  Dunkeld,  Perth- 
shire. 

RUMBLING  BURN,  brook,  tracing 
mutual  boundary  of  Monkton  and  Dun- 
donald  parishes,  Ayrshire. 

RUMBLING  WELL,  chalybeate  spring, 
formerly  an  object  of  superstitious  regard, 
in  Buittle  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

RUMFORD,  village  adjacent  to  Craigs, 
Stirlingshire. 

RUMFORD,  colliery  adjacent  to  Old 
Rome  village,  in  Dundonald  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 


RUM 


398 


RUT 


RUMLIE,  burn  in  Leochel  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

RUMSDALE,  tract  in  south  of  Halkirk 
parish,  Caithness. 

RUNABRARIN,  headland,  13  miles  north- 
by-east  of  Portree,  Isle  of  Skye. 

RUNABRECK,  large  dangerous  shoal,  2\ 
miles  west  of  North  Ronaldshay,  Orkney. 

RUNAGALL,  headland  on  Sound  of 
Mull,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  lighthouse 
showing  fixed  red  light  toward  the  sea, 
green  toward  Stirks  Rocks,  and  white 
toward  Sound  of  Mull,  visible  at  distance 
of  12  nautical  miles. 

RUNAHAVRINE,  headland  on  west 
coast  of  Kintyre,  opposite  north  end  of 
Gigha  Island,  Argyleshire. 

RUNALEAC,  headland  in  south-east  of 
Raasay  Island,  Inverness-shire. 

RUSCO,  modern  seat  and  old  baronial 
tower,  the  latter  once  a  residence  of  Vis- 
counts Kenmure,  in  Anwoth  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

RUSDALE,  pastoral  strath  in  Rosskeen 
parish,  Ross-shire. 

RUSKIE,  village  and  lake  in  Port-of- 
Monteith  parish,  Perthshire.  The  village 
has  a  post  office  under  Stirling,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  58  scholars ;  and 
the  lake  has  an  islet  with  ruins  of  ancient 
mansion. 

RUSSNESS,  hill  in  Sandsting  parish, 
Shetland. 

RUTHERFORD,  village  and  ancient 
parish  in  north  of  Roxburghshire.  The 
village  stands  adjacent  to  the  Tweed,  5§ 
miles  west-south-west  of  Kelso,  has  a  rail- 
way station,  and  adjoins  the  ancient  camp 
of  Ringlyhall. — The  parish  is  now  united 
to  Maxton. 

RUTHERFORD,  place,  with  medicinal 
spring,  in  Linton  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

RUTHERGLEN,  town  and  parish  in 
lower  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  town 
stands,  adjacent  to  the  Clyde,  2  miles 
east  -  south  -  east  of  Glasgow  ;  figures 
obscurely  in  ^ery  early  tradition  ;  rivalled 
or  excelled  pristine  Glasgow  in  both  size 
and  importance ;  had  an  ancient  strong 
military  castle,  and  shared  through  that 
in  the  wars  of  the  Succession;  had  also 
an  ancient  church,  notable  in  the  history 
of  Sir  William  "Wallace ;  presents  now 
an  appearance  little  accordant  with  its 
ancient  consequence ;  is  practically  a 
manufacturing  suburb  of  Glasgow,  but 
unites  with  Renfrew,  Port  -  Glasgow, 
Dumbarton,  and  Kilmarnock  in  sending 
a  member  to  Parliament ;  publishes  a 
weekly  newspaper;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Glasgow,  a  railway  station, 
2  banking  offices,  a  conspicuously  and 
curiously  towered  modern  town  hall,  a 
masonic  hall  of  1876,  2  Established 
churches,  2  Free  churches,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church,  a  Roman  Catholic 
church,  and  2  large  public  schools.  Real 
property  in  1880  -  81,  £34,468.  Pop. 
11,265. — The  parish  contains  also  small 


part  of  Cambuslang  town,  measures  about 
3  miles  by  Lj,  and  comprises  2151  acres. 
Real  property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£21,720.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia, 
13,801;  quoad  sacra,  10,900.  The  part 
adjacent  to  the  Clyde  is  low,  level,  and 
very  fertile ;  and  the  rest  rises  in  pleasantly 
diversified  surface  to  skirts  of  Cathkin 
Hills,  and  is  all  arable.  Coal  and  iron- 
stone abound,  and  are  largely  worked. 
The  mansions  are  numerous ;  and  the 
chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  a  tumulus 
and  site  of  a  remarkable  sculptured  cross. 
There  are  5  schools  for  1329  scholars,  and 
2  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for  770  are 
new. 

RUTHERGLEN  (WEST),  quoad  sacra 
parish,  with  church  in  Rutherglen.  Pop. 
2901. 

RUTHERHOUSE,  seat  near  Rutherglen, 
Lanarkshire. 

RUTHERLAW,  one  of  the  Moorfoot 
Hills,  1249  feet  high,  adjacent  to  source 
of  Heriot  river,  on  south-east  border  of 
Edinburghshire. 

RUTHIGOE,  rocky -sided  small  bay  in 
north  of  Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

RUTHRIE,  romantic  cascade  on  Aber- 
lour  burn  about  a  mile  south-east  of  Aber- 
lour  village,  Banffshire. 

RUTHRIESTON,  village,  2  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  railway 
station,  a  recent  chapel-of-ease,  a  Free 
church  of  1876,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  127  scholars. 

RUTHVEN,  parish  on  west  border  of 
Forfarshire,  averagely  2f  miles  north  of 
Meigle.  It  has  a  post  office  of  its  own 
name  under  Meigle,  contains  4  hamlets, 
measures  about  2  miles  by  2,  and  comprises 
2049  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£2593.  Pop.  195.  The  surface  is 
bisected  by  the  Isla,  and  makes  a  gentle 
slope  toward  the  south.  Chief  objects  are 
Ruthven  House  and  the  site  of  Ruthven 
Castle,  the  latter  once  belonging  to  the 
Earls  of  Crawford.  The  public  school 
has  about  60  scholars. 

RUTHVEN,  rivulet,  running  7  miles 
north-north-eastward  to  the  Earn  at  2f 
miles  east-north-east  of  Kinkell,  Perth- 
shire. 

RUTHVEN,  eminence  on  right  side  of 
the  Spey,  opposite  Kingussie,  Inverness- 
shire.  It  had  anciently  a  strong  castle  of 
the  Comyns,  has  now  the  ruin  of  a  govern- 
ment barrack,  destroyed  by  the  rebels  in 
1746,  and  commands  an  extensive  view. 

RUTHVEN,  lake  in  Glenfarigag,  Inver- 
xiGss~sliirG 

RUTHVEN,  place,  7  miles  from  Huntly, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Huntly. 

RUTHVEN,  or  RUTHVENFIELD,  village, 
2^  miles  north-west  of  Perth.  It  adjoins 
Huntingtower,  formerly  called  Ruthven 
Castle,  the  scene  of  the  remarkable  event 
known  as  Raid  of  Ruthven;  it  gives  the 
peerage  title  of  baron  to  the  noble  family 
of  Ruthven ;  and  it  has  an  extensive 


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399 


SAL 


printfield.  The  seats  Euthvenfield  and 
Ruthvenhill  are  in  the  vicinity. 

RUTHWELL,  village  and  parish  on  coast 
of  Dumfriesshire.  The  village  stands  8^ 
miles  south-east  of  Dumfries,  dates  from 
ancient  times,  was  rebuilt  about  beginning 
of  present  century,  and  has  a  railway  sta- 
tion, Established  and  Free  churches,  a 
public  school  with  about  95  scholars,  and 
a  famous  Runic  monument. — The  parish 
contains  also  Clarencefield  post  office  vil- 
lage, and  the  decayed  small  watering-place 
of  Brow.  Its  length  is  5^  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  3  miles ;  its  area  8693 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £7007. 
Pop.  868.  The  surface  adjoins  the 
broad  foreshore  of  Solway  Firth,  includes 
part  of  Lochar  moss,  and  is  all  low  and 
tame.  Chief  objects  are  the  Earl  of 
Mansfield's  seat  of  Comlongan  Castle, 
and  vestiges  of  Cockpool  Castle. 

RYAN,  sea-loch,  deflecting  from  Firth  of 
Clyde  at  boundary  between  Ayrshire  and 
Wigtonshire,  and  projecting  10  miles  south- 
by-eastward  to  Stranraer.  Its  northern 
half  has  a  mean  breadth  of  about  1^  mile, 
its  southern  half  about  2J  miles  ;  its  west 
side,  at  about  the  middle,  is  invaded  south- 
eastward by  a  sandbank  2^  miles  long  ;  its 
seaboards,  except  around  the  head,  are 
assemblages  of  knolls,  hills,  and  hillocks  ; 
and  its  bottom,  at  and  near  all  the  head, 
is  dry  at  low-water.  Lochryan  House, 
the  seat  of  Sir  William  T.  F.  A.  Wallace, 
Bart.,  is  near  the  middle  of  its  west  shore. 

RYE,  rivulet,  running  about  8  miles 
south-eastward  to  the  Garnock  at  Dairy, 
Ayrshire. 

RYEDALE,  seat  in  Troqueer  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

RYLAY,  pastoral  islet  in  Walls  parish, 
Orkney. 


SAARTAY,  islet  in  Harris  Sound,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

SAATVEN,  rivulet  in  south  of  Isle  of 
Skye. 

SABBATH  WELL,  medicinal  spring  in 
Knockando  parish,  Elginshire. 

SABHALMORE,  lofty  mountain  in 
Edderachyllis  parish,  Sutherland. 

SADDELL,  parish,  containing  Carradale 
post  office  hamlet,  in  Kintyre  district, 
Argyleshire.  It  forms  the  eastern  part  of 
the  peninsula  from  about  3  miles  south  of 
Tarbert  to  about  8  miles  north  of  Camp- 
belton,  and  comprises  46,872  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £8601.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  1156;  quoad  sacra,  684.  The 
coast  and  seaboard  both  include  and 
command  delightful  scenery,  and  the 
interior  is  chiefly  an  assemblage  of  hills 
with  intersecting  vales,  but  ascends  to  the 
summit  of  Beninturk  Mountain.  Princi- 
pal objects  of  interest  are  four  mansions,  a 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  several  tumuli,  a 
vitrified  fort,  Aird  Castle,  Skipness  Castle, 
Saddell  Castle,  once  a  seat  of  the  Lords  of 
the  Isles,  and  Saddell  monastery,  erected 


in  12th  century  by  two  of  the  Lords  of  the 
Isles,  and  now  represented  by  interesting 
remains  of  its  church,  and  by  many  inter- 
esting monuments  in  its  cemetery.  Two 
parochial  churches  are  at  respectively 
Carradale  and  Skipness.  There  are  5 
schools  for  227  scholars,  and  2  of  them  for 
78  are  new. 

SADDLEBACK,  steep  lofty  hill,  with 
saddle-shaped  summit,  6  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Moffat,  Dumfriesshire. 

SADDLEHAGG,  hill  in  New  Cumnock 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

SAIGTOWN,  town  of  12th  century,  now 
called  Kilwinning,  Ayrshire. 

SAINT  ANDREWS,  etc.  See  Andkews 
(St.),  etc. 

SAINT'S  ISLAND.  See  Ellan-na- 
Naoimh. 

SAINT'S  WELL,  very  deep  and  copious 
spring  in  St.  Mungo  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

SAINT'S  WELL,  very  strong  chalybeate 
spring  in  Fodderty  parish,  Ross-shire. 

SALACHIE,  lake  in  Golspie  parish, 
Sutherland. 

SALANSIDE,  tract,  with  vestige  of  very 
strong  tower,  in  Ashkirk  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

SALEN,  village  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
on  north-east  coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. The  village  stands  on  bay  of  its 
own  name,  10  miles  south-south-east  of 
Tobermory,  commands  the  road  across  the 
isthmus  to  head  of  Loch-na-Keal,  and  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  designated  of  Argyle- 
shire, a  banking  office,  an  inn,  Estab- 
lished and  Episcopalian  churches,  and  a 
new  public  school  with  capacity  for  120 
scholars. — The  parish  comprises  portions 
of  Torosay  and  Kiminian.    Pop.  594. 

SALIGUE,  bay,  10  miles  north  of 
Rhinns,  in  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

SALINE,  village  and  parish  on  west 
border  of  Fife.  The  village  stands  6  miles 
west-north-west  of  Dunfermline,  presents 
a  pleasant  appearance,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Dunfermline,  Estab- 
lished and  Free  churches,  and  a  new  public 
school  with  capacity  for  180  scholars. 
Pop.  369. — The  parish  measures  6^  miles 
by  4i,  and  comprises  8189  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £8482.  Pop.  954. 
The  western  section  is  mostly  level,  and 
the  eastern  one  is  mainly  occupied  by  a 
group  of  considerable  hills.  The  seats  are 
Kineddar,  Inzievar,  Hillside,  Bandrum, 
Balgonar,  Kirklands,  Rhynds,  and  Oakley  ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  some  cairns,  ves- 
tiges of  two  Roman  camps,  and  remains  of 
two  old  towers. 

SALISBURY  CRAG,  hill  in  Queen's 
Park  contiguous  to  south  -  east  verge  of 
Edinburgh.  It  is  separated  by  the  dingle 
of  Hunter's  Bog  from  west  base  of  Arthur's 
Seat ;  it  ascends  westward  in  regular 
gradient,  over  a  distance  of  about  700 
yards,  to  a  height  of  574  feet  above  sea- 


SAL 


400 


SAN 


level ;  it  then  makes  a  semicircular  sweep 
of  about  5  furlongs  in  diameter,  with  con- 
vexity to  the  west ;  it  then  makes  a  crest 
of  sheer  rocky  precipice,  averagely  about 
60  feet  deep,  round  all  the  semicircle  ; 
it  then  has  a  broad  artificial  foot-path 
contiguous  to  that  crest ;  and  it  thence 
descends  in  smooth  and  very  declivitous 
talus  to  the  great  western  curve  of  the 
Queen's  Drive. 

SALLACHAN,  bay  and  headland  at 
junction  of  Loch  Linnhe  and  Loch  Eil, 
Argyleshire. 

SALLOCH.    See  Glensalloch. 

SALLYSBURGH,  or  SALSBURGH,  vil- 
lage in  Old  Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Holytown. 
Pop.  576. 

SALMON  LEAP,  cascade  on  Kale  rivulet, 
in  Hounam  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

SALMORE,  mountain,  2498  feet  high, 
8  miles  south-west  of  Ullapool,  Ross-shire. 

SALTBURN,  village  in  Rosskeen  parish, 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  55  scholars.    Pop.  302. 

SALTCOATS,  coast  town,  nominally  1  mile 
east-south-east  of  Ardrossan.  Ayrshire.  It 
got  its  name  from  salt-works  erected  in 
time  of  James  v.  ;  fluctuated  till  modern 
times  in  diversity  of  manufacture  and 
commerce  ;  shares  now  in  the  business  and 
sea-bathing  attractions  of  Ardrossan  ;  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
a  railway  station,  2  banking  offices,  2  Estab- 
lished churches,  2  Free  churches,  2  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  an  Evangelical 
Union  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  church, 
and  a  large  public  school.    Pop.  5096. 

SALTCOATS,  estate,  with  ruined  old 
mansion,  in  Dirleton  parish,  Haddington- 
shire. 

SALTERNESS.    See  Southeeness. 

SALT  GREENS,  large  tidal  lake  at  mouth 
of  Tyne  river,  Haddingtonshire. 

SALTHOUSE,  or  SALTERS,  headland 
in  southern  vicinity  of  Peterhead,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

S ALTON,  two  villages  and  a  parish  in 
south  -  west  of  Haddingtonshire.  The 
villages  are  East  Salton  and  West  Salton, 
and  the  latter  stands  about  a  mile  west  of 
the  former,  and  6  miles  south  -  west  of 
Haddington,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Pencaitland. — The  parish  measures  about 
4  miles  by  nearly  3,  and  comprises  3812 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6405. 
Pop.  575.  The  land  rises  gradually 
from  the  north  and  the  west,  and  some- 
what abruptly  from  the  south,  into  broad- 
based  tabular  hill,  and  presents  a  pleasing 
diversity  of  aspect.  Limestone  abounds 
and  is  worked.  The  seats  are  Salton 
Hall  and  Herdmanston ;  and  the  anti- 
quities are  remains  of  a  camp  and  of  a 
very  old  chapel.  The  parochial  church 
contains  about  400  sittings  ;  there  is  a  Free 
church  for  Salton  and  Bolton  ;  and  the 
public  school  has  about  92  scholars. 

SALTPAN,  creek,  7  miles  west-north- 
west of  Stranraer,  Wigtonshire. 


SALTPANS,  coast  village,  5  miles  west 
of  Campbelton,  Argyleshire. 

SALTPANS,  coast  cave,  4|  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Kirkwall,  Orkney. 

SALT  STONES,  reef,  2  miles  north  of 
Banff. 

SAMPHREY,  island,  about  2£  miles 
long,  in  south  end  of  Yell  Sound,  Shet- 
land. 

SAMSON'S  RIBS,  lofty  cliff,  with 
basaltic  columns,  at  south  base  of  Arthur's 
Seat,  in  south-eastern  vicinity  of  Edin- 
burgh. 

SAMUEL'S  CAVE,  cave  in  Glennevis,  8 
miles  east  -  south  -  east  of  Fort  -  "William, 
Inverness-shire.  It  gave  refuge  to  some 
fugitives  from  battlefield  of  Culloden. 

SAMUELSTON,  village  on  the  Tyne,  3£ 
miles  south-west  of  Haddington.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Haddington. 

SANCHAR.  <  See  Sanquhar. 

SAND,  lake  in  Slains  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

SAND,  lake  in  Dumfries  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

SAND,  small  bay  in  Fetlar  Island,  Shet- 
land. 

SAND,  bay,  seat,  and  old  church  in 
Sandsting  parish,  Shetland. 

SANDA,  island,  6  miles  east-south-east 
of  Mull  of  Kintyre,  Argyleshire.  It 
measures  about  \\  mile  in  length,  \  mile 
in  breadth,  and  300  feet  in  height ;  is 
partly  engirt  with  cliffs  ;  exhibits  in  one  of 
these  a  very  large  natural  arch  ;  was  a 
station  of  the  Scandinavian  fleets  in  the 
times  of  the  contest  for  the  Hebrides  ;  has 
vestiges  of  an  ancient  church,  probably 
on  site  of  a  Culdee  cell;  and  is  crowned 
by  a  lighthouse  showing  a  fixed  red  light 
visible  at  a  distance  of  17  nautical  miles. 
Pop.  14. 

SANDAY,  island,  contiguous  to  Canna, 
Inner  Hebrides,  Argyleshire.  It  is  united 
to  Canna  at  low-water,  extends  thence 
eastward  If  mile,  rises  from  Sanday  beach 
into  gentle  elevations,  and  terminates  in 
cliffs. 

SANDAY,  island  in  centre  of  North 
Isles  group,  Orkney.  It  comprises  five 
peninsulas  radiating  from  a  centre,  and 
measures  about  13  miles  in  length,  but  has 
an  area  of  not  more  than  about  19  square 
miles;  and,  excepting  a  hillocky  ridge  on 
its  west  side,  it  is  all  remarkably  low  and 
flat.  It  includes  several  spacious  har- 
bours ;  terminates  on  the  north-east  in 
Start  Point  with  lighthouse  ;  is  divided 
into  Lady  parish  and  the  united  parish  of 
Cross  and  Burness  ;  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  under  Kirkwall, 
and  a  good  inn  ;  and  contains  2  Established 
churches,  a  Free  church,  a  United  Pres- 
byterian church,  5  public  schools  with 
accommodation  for  450  scholars,  Tresness 
mansion,  upwards  of  20  vitrified  cairns, 
remains  of  several  Scandinavian  dunes, 
and  ruins  of  1  or  2  ancient  chapels.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £6023.    Pop.  2075. 

SANDBANK,  village  on  south  side  of 


SAN 


401 


SAN 


Holy  Loch,  opposite  Kilmun,  Argyleshire. 
It  is  a  sea-bathing  resort,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Greenock,  a  quoad 
sacra  parochial  church,  and  a  Free  church. 
Pop.  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  570. 

SANDEEL,  or  SANDY,  small  bay,  with 
rocky  side  and  cave,  in  Portpatrick  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

SANDEND,  fishing  village,  2|  miles 
west-north-west  of  Portsoy,  Banffshire. 
It  has  a  public  school  with  about  65 
scholars.    Pop.  256. 

SANDERA,  island,  3£  miles  south-west 
of  Barra,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  measures 
about  1^  mile  each  way,  and  consists 
chiefly  of  one  pretty  lofty  hill.    Pop.  10. 

SANDFIOLD,  low  sandy  hill  in  Sand- 
wick  parish,  Orkney. 

SANDFORD,  village  in  Stonehouse 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

SANDFORD,  bay,  with  flat  sandy  shore, 
in  Peterhead  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

SANDHAVEN,  fishing  village,  mile 
west  of  Fraserburgh,  Aberdeenshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Fraserburgh,  a  pier, 
and  a  Free  church  of  1881.    Pop.  308. 

SANDHEAD,  fishing  village  on  east 
coast  of  Stoneykirk  parish,  Wigtonshire. 
It  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Wigton- 
shire, and  a  pretty  good  natural  harbour. 

SANDHILLS,  extensive  sandy  waste  on 
seaboard  of  Stevenston  parish,  Ayrshire. 

SANDHILLS,  Elginshire.    See  Culbin. 

SANDHOLM,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Applegarth  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

SANDILANDS,  place,  3|  miles  south- 
south- west  of  Lanark.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Lanark  and  a  railway  station. 

SANDINCH,  quondam  island,  now  part 
of  mainland,  near  Renfrew  Ferry,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

SANDNESS,  headland  and  district  in 
west  of  Shetland.  The  headland  flanks 
south  side  of  Papa  Sound  leading  into 
St.  Magnus  Bay ;  and  the  district  includes 
the  headland,  forms  a  mainland  part  of 
Walls  parish,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Lerwick. 

SANDS,  spacious  bay  forming  northern 
extremity  of  Cromarty  Firth.  It  has  a 
water-depth  of  8  feet  at  spring  tides,  but 
is  dry  at  low- water;  and  it  affords  large 
supply  of  shell-fish  and  flounders. 

SANDS,  seat  some  distance  from 
Kincardine-on-Forth. 

SANDSIDE,  bay  and  seat,  9|  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Thurso,  Caithness. 

SANDSOUND,  bay,  winding  about  5J 
miles  northward,  in  Sandsting  parish, 
Shetland. 

SANDSTING,  parish,  containing  Garder- 
house  post  office  hamlet,  in  west  of 
Shetland.  It  includes  Venentry  and  Little 
Papa  islands  in  south  side  of  St.  Magnus 
Bay,  and  comprehends  a  mainland  district 
of  about  10  miles  by  8  between  that  bay 
and  Scalloway  Bay.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £2445.  Pop.  2702.  The  coast 
is  partly  bold  and  cavernous  ;  the  sea- 


board is  cut  into  sections  by  long  bays  ; 
and  the  interior  is  mostly  an  assemblage 
of  knolls  and  hillocks,  with  profusion  of 
heath  and  interspersions  of  moss.  The 
seats  are  Sandhouse,  Garder,  and  Rea- 
wick ;  and  the  antiquities  are  standing- 
stones,  tumuli,  Scandinavian  dunes,  and 
old  burying-grounds.  The  churches  are 
Established,  Congregational,  and  Baptist. 
There  are  10  schools  for  589  scholars,  and 
7  of  them  for  482  are  new. 

SANDWICK,  parish  on  west  coast  of 
Pomona,  Orkney.  It  commences  4  miles 
north  of  Stromness,  has  a  post  office  under 
that  town,  and  measures  6  miles  by  4|. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £3475.  Pop. 
1198.  The  coast,  except  at  a  small 
sandy  bay,  consists  of  cavernoixs  cliffs 
from  100  to  200  feet  high,  includes  a  lofty 
natural  arch,  and  is  much  flanked  by 
insulated  pillar-rocks.  The  interior  is 
much  diversified,  and  comprises  both  a 
large  aggregate  of  flat  arable  land,  and  a 
considerable  extent  of  hilly  ground,  partly 
more  than  300  feet  high.  The  chief 
residence  is  Breckness,  and  chief  anti- 
quities are  numerous  tumuli,  a  vitrified 
cairn,  a  remarkable  cromlech,  a  remnant 
of  very  large  Caledonian  stone  circle,  five 
Scandinavian  dunes,  and  ruins  of  Sunsgar 
Castle.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian.  There 
are  3  schools  for  190  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  for  190  is  new. 

SANDWICK,  quoad  sacra  parish  in  south 
of  Shetland.  It  lies  averagely  13  miles 
south-by- west  of  Lerwick,  has  a  post  office 
under  that  town,  and  belongs  quoad 
civilia  to  Dunrossness ;  and  it  has  a 
parochial  church  with  564  sittings,  a 
Congregational  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  72  scholars.    Pop.  230S. 

SANDWICK,  ancient  parish,  now  form- 
ing part  of  Borgue,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

SANDWICK,  two  villages,  Sandwick  Hill 
and  Lower  Sandwick,  near  Stornoway, 
Outer  Hebrides.  Pop.  370  and  155. 
_  SANDWOOD,  small  bay,  receiving 
rivulet  from  lake  6  miles  south-by -west  of 
Cape  Wrath,  in  Sutherland. 

SANDY,  islet  adjacent  to  Canna,  Inner 
Hebrides. 

SANDY,  small  rocky-sided  sea-inlet  in 
Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

SANDY,  Wigtonshire.    See  Sandeel. 

SANDYDEAN,  suburb  of  Bonnyrigg, 
Edinburghshire . 

SANDYFORD,  quoad  sacra  parish,  com- 
prising handsome  new  suburb,  in  west  of 
Glasgow.    Pop.  9299. 

SANDYFORD,  burn  in  Muiravonside 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

SANDYHILLS,  village,  5  miles  east  of 
Glasgow. 

SANDYHOLES,  suburb  of  Shettleston, 

SANDYKNOWE,  farm,  6£  miles  east  of 
Melrose,  Roxburghshire.  Sir  Walter 
Scott  spent  on  it  part  of  his  boyhood, 
and  took    impressions    from    it  which 

2  c 


SAN 


402 


SAX 


afterwards  appeared  in  his  Marmion  and 
his  Eve  of  St.  John.    See  Smailholm. 

SANEG,  reach  of  cavernous  coast  in 
north-west  of  Islay  Island,  Argyllshire. 

SANNES.    See  Sandness. 
SANNOX,  stupendous  glen,  two  burns, 
and  small  seaport  in  north-east  of  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire.    See  Glensannox. 

SANQUHAR,  town  and  parish  in  Upper 
Nithsdale,  Dumfriesshire.  The  town 
stands  on  the  Nith,  26J  miles  north-north- 
west of  Dumfries  ;  sprang  from  an  ancient 
strong  historical  castle ;  is  notable  for  the 
*  Sanquhar  Declaration'  promulgated  at 
it  in  1680  by  the  extreme  Covenanters  ; 
figures  in  a  poem  of  Burns  as  4  Black  Joan 
frae  Crichton  Peel ; '  was  constituted  a 
royal  burgh  at  request  of  Robert  Crichton, 
lord  of  Sanquhar,  in  1598 ;  unites  with 
Dumfries,  Annan,  Lochmaben,  and  Kirk- 
cudbright in  sending  a  member  to  Parlia- 
ment ;  consists  chiefly  of  a  single  street ; 
retains  a  picturesque  ruin  of  its  ancient 
castle  ;  and  has  a  post  office  with  all  depart- 
ments designated  of  Dumfriesshire,  a  rail- 
way station,  2  banking  offices,  a  hotel,  a 
towered  town  hall,  a  handsome  towered 
Established  church,  2  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  Free,  Evangelical  Union,  and 
Baptist  churches,  a  large  public  school, 
and  the  Crichton  school.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £3657.  Pop.  1339.— The  parish 
contains  also  "Wanlockhead  and  Crawick- 
mill  villages,  measures  18  miles  by  5,  and 
comprises  40,846  acres.  Real  property  of 
landward  part  in  1880-81,  £14,868.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  3109;  quoad  sacra,  2255. 
The  Nith,  in  south-eastward  course,  cuts 
the  area  into  two  nearly  equal  sections  ; 
numerous  burns  subdivide  each  of  the 
sections  to  the  Nith ;  lofty  watersheds  of 
the  Southern  Highlands,  with  culminating 
summits  2403  and  2298  feet  high,  form 
the  eastern  and  the  western  boundaries  ; 
and  a  narrow  strath  along  the  Nith,  glens 
along  the  burns,  and  a  dense  diversity  of 
hill  and  mountain,  form  all  the  interior. 
Coal,  limestone,  sandstone,  and  lead-ores 
are  worked.  Elliock  House,  the  birthplace 
of  the  Admirable  Crichton,  is  a  chief  resid- 
ence. Established  and  Free  churches  are  at 
Wanlockhead  ;  and  4  schools,  with  accom- 
modation for  650  scholars,  are  in  the  parish. 

SANQUHAR,  seat  about  a  mile  south  of 
Forres,  Elginshire. 

SANQUHAR,  ancient  parish,  now  called 
St.  Quivox,  in  Ayrshire. 

SARCLET,  fishing  village,  4|  miles  south- 
by-west  of  Wick,  Caithness.    Pop.  290. 

SARK,  rivulet,  running  southward  about 
5  miles  on  east  border  of  Dumfriesshire, 
and  6  miles  along  boundary  with  England 
to  head  of  Solway  Firth. 

SARK  (BLACK),  affluent  of  the  Sark  in 
Dumfriesshire. 

SARKFOOT,  small  seaport  village  at 
mouth  of  the  Sark,  8J  miles  east  of  Annan, 
Dumfriesshire. 

SARKSHIELDS,  place  in  Kirkpatrick- 
Fleming  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 


SASSEN,  burn  in  Fortingal  parish, 
Perthshire. 

SATURNESS.    See  Southerness. 

SAUCHEN,  place  in  Cluny  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire.   It  has  a  banking  office. 

SAUCHENFORD,  place  in  St.  Ninians 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

SAUCHENLOAN,  place,  with  medicinal 
spring,  in  Culsalmond  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

SAUCHENSIDE,  village  in  Cranston 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

SAUCHER,  village  in  Collace  parish, 
Perthshire. 

SAUCHIE,  village,  1|  mile  north-east  of 
Alloa,  Clackmannanshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Alloa,  a  railway  station,  and 
a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church.  Pop.  of 
village,  875  ;  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  2935. 

SAUCHIE,  seat,  and  battlefield  of  1488, 
in  St.  Ninians  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

SAUCHIE,  burn  in  Kinglassie  parish,  Fife. 

SAUCHIEBOG,  section  of  Cambuslang 
town,  Lanarkshire. 

SAUCHIEBURN,  place  in  Marykirk  par- 
ish, Kincardineshire. 

SAUCHIEHALL,  quondam  narrow  rural 
road,  now  well-built  spacious  long  street 
in  north-west  of  Glasgow. 

SAUCHIE  (NEW).    See  New  Sauchie. 

SAUCHRIE,  ruined  ancient  castle  in 
Maybole  parish,  Ayrshire. 

SAUCHUR,  bay  and  bold  headland  in 
Elie  parish,  Fife. 

SAUGHS  (WATER  OF),  head-stream  of 
North  Esk  river,  Forfarshire. 

SAUGHTON,  seat,  \  mile  south-west  of 
Cramond-Bridge,  Edinburghshire. 

SAULSEAT,  lake,  quondam  abbey,  and 
ancient  parish  in  Wigtonshire.  The  lake 
lies  3  miles  south-east  of  Stranraer, 
measures  about  a  mile  in  horse-shoe  form, 
and  has  finely-wooded  shores. — The  abbey 
stood  within  the  lake's  curve,  was  founded 
in  12th  century,  and  is  now  represented 
by  only  fragments  of  its  walls  and  curious 
monuments  in  its  cemetery. — The  parish 
is  now  part  of  Inch. 

SAVALMORE.    See  Sabhalmore. 

SAVILLE,  seat  on  west  side  of  Sanday 
Island,  Orkney. 

SAVOCH,  quoad  sacra  parish,  comprising 
portions  of  Old  Deer,  New  Deer,  Ellon, 
and  Tarves,  in  Aberdeenshire.  Its  post 
town  is  Ellon ;  its  churches  are  Estab- 
lished and  United  Presbyterian ;  and  its 
public  schools  are  2,  with  about  124 
scholars.    Pop.  1981. 

SAVOCH,  burn,  running  north-eastward 
to  Loch  Strathbeg  at  6  miles  south-east 
of  Fraserburgh,  Aberdeenshire. 

SAVSKAL,  bay  in  north  of  Rousay 
Island,  Orkney. 

SAXAFORTH,  conspicuous  hill  on  north 
coast  of  Unst  Island,  Shetland.  It  is 
pierced  through  the  base  by  a  wide,  long 
natural  tunnel ;  it  rises  boldly  from  the 
sea  to  height  of  938  feet ;  and  it  serves  as 
a  landmark  to  mariners  at  distances  of 
very  many  miles. 


SAX 


403 


SCA 


SAXON,  place,  with  sites  of  five  ancient 
fortalices,  in  Dunsyre  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

SAXONIA,  territory  of  the  three  Lothians 
in  times  of  Saxon  Northumbria. 

SAYRS,  one  of  the  Lammermoor  Hills, 
1531  feet  high,  3|  miles  east  of  Lammer- 
law,  on  mutual  border  of  Haddingtonshire 
and  Berwickshire. 

SCADDENS,  lake  in  Avoch  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

SCALLOP,  basaltic  cave,  30  feet  high 
and  130  feet  long,  in  Staffa,  Argyle- 
shire. 

SCALLOWAY,  village,  castle,  and  bay 
in  south-west  of  Shetland.  The  village 
stands  on  the  bay,  6  miles  west-south-west 
of  Lerwick,  was  anciently  the  capital  of 
Shetland,  presents  now  a  pleasant  modern 
appearance,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Lerwick,  a  good  natural  harbour,  and 
Established,  Congregational,  and  Baptist 
churches.  Pop.  752. — The  castle  stands 
east  of  the  village  and  above  it ;  was 
erected  in  1600  by  Patrick,  Earl  of 
Orkney;  and  is  now  a  mere  shell,  quad- 
rangular, and  3  storeys  high. — The  bay,  in 
one  sense,  opens  between  Skeldaness  and 
Burra  Island,  measures  6^  miles  across 
the  entrance,  penetrates  7  miles  eastward 
and  north-eastward,  and  sends  off  a 
number  of  long  narrow  voes ;  but,  in 
another  sense,  opens  between  Skeldaness 
and  Fitful  Head,  measures  18  miles  across 
the  entrance,  and  includes  the  sounds 
between  Burra  and  Mainland. 

SCALFA,  island  and  sound  in  Skye 
district,  Inverness-shire;  The  island  lies 
near  south-east  extremity  of  Raasay  and  of 
Broadford  part  of  Skye;  measures  4J  miles 
in  length  and  2f  miles  in  breadth  ;  consists 
chiefly  of  one  verdant  mountain,  with 
rounded  outline  and  uneven  summit ;  and 
has  vestiges  of  an  ancient  chapel  on  site 
of  a  Culdee  cell.  Pop.  540. — The  sound 
separates  it  from  Skye;  has  in  many 
parts  a  width  of  not  more  than  \  mile  ;  is 
a  great  centre  or  rendezvous  of  herring- 
fishery  ;  and  yields  large  quantities  of 
bluish  and  blackish  coloured  oysters. 

SCALP  A,  island  in  mouth  of  East  Loch 
Tarbert,  Harris,  Outer  Hebrides.  It 
measures  about  3  miles  by  If  ;  is  cut  into 
numerous  small  peninsulas ;  includes  2 
very  good  natural  harbours ;  is  mostly 
low  and  heathy ;  and  adjoins  an  islet  with 
lighthouse  showing  fixed  light  visible  at 
the  distance  of  16  nautical  miles.   Pop.  37. 

SCALPA-FLOW,  expanse  of  sea  between 
Pentland  Firth  and  Pomona,  Orkney.  It 
measures  16  miles  in  length  northward,  8 
miles  in  mean  breadth,  and  about  46  miles 
in  roughly-estimated  circumference ;  it  is 
bounded  by  South  Ronaldshay,  Burray, 
and  Holm  on  the  east,  and  by  Hoy  on  the 
west ;  it  makes  large  expansion  in  the 
north,  and  communicates  there  by  Holm 
Sound  with  the  German  Ocean,  and  by 
Hoy  Sound  with  the  Atlantic ;  it  con- 
tracts suddenly  from  that  expansion  into 


narrow  angular  bay,  terminating  at  2  miles 
south  of  Kirkwall ;  it  has  there  a  steam- 
boat pier  for  traffic  to  Kirkwall,  com- 
pleted in  June  1880,  and  noticed  in  our 
article  on  Kirkwall ;  it  embosoms  Flotta, 
Pharay,  Rysay,  Cava,  Hunda,  and  other 
islands  ;  and  it  projects  from  its  sides  and 
into  its  islands  a  great  number  of  sheltered 
roadsteads  and  fine  natural  harbours. 

SCALPSIE,  bay  on  west  coast  of  Bute 
Island,  5  miles  north  -  north  -  west  of 
Garroch  Head,  Buteshire. 

SCAMMADALE,  fine  lake,  2  miles  long, 
7  miles  south-south-east  of  Oban,  Argyle- 
shire. 

SCAR,  sandbank  extending  1\  miles 
south-eastward  from  middle  of  west  side 
of  Loch  Ryan,  Wigtonshire. 

SCAR,  seat  on  west  coast  of  Sanday 
Island,  Orkney. 

SCARABEN,  mountain,  2054  feet  high, 
4J  miles  north-west  of  Berriedale,  Caith- 
ness. 

SCARBA,  island,  \\  mile  north  of  Jura, 
Argyleshire.  It  measures  3  miles  by  2J  ; 
is  mostly  an  oblong  conoidal  mountain, 
1490  feet  high  ;  rises  picturesquely  on  the 
east  side  in  form  of  an  amphitheatre ; 
and  falls  precipitously  to  the  sea  on  the 
other  sides,  partly  with  cliffs  several 
hundred  feet  deep.  The  fearfully  whirl- 
ing tidal  current  of  Corrievreckan  scours 
the  strait  between  it  and  Jura ;  and  a 
similar  current,  though  not  quite  so 
violent,  scours  a  strait  on  the  north 
between  it  and  Lunga.  Pop.  of  the 
island,  19. 

SCARBH,  hill  in  extreme  north  of  Islay 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

SCARES,  sunken  rocks,  ranging  far 
into  the  sea,  off  Cruden  coast,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

SCARES,  two  rocks,  Big  and  Little, 
within  mouth  of  Luce  Bay,  Wigtonshire. 

SCA  RFSKERRY,  landing-place  and 
headland  on  Pentland  Firth,  3  miles  west 
of  Dunnet  Head,  Caithness.  The  landing- 
place  has  a  post  office  under  Thurso,  and 
a  Baptist  chapel. 

SCARHILL,  place,  with  limeworks,  in 
Cleish  parish,  Kinross-shire. 

SCARINISH,  harbour  in  north-east  of 
Tyree  Island,  Argyleshire. 

SCARLAW,  vestige  of  old  castle  in 
Cranshaws  parish,  Berwickshire. 

SCARMCLET,  estate  and  lake  in  Bower 
parish,  Caithness. 

SCARNOSE,  bold  headland  on  west  side 
of  Cullen  Bay,  Banffshire. 

SCARP,  island  in  south  side  of  mouth 
of  Loch  Reasort,  Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 
It  measures  about  3  miles  by  2,  and  is 
chiefly  a  hill  nearly  1000  feet  high.  Pop.  213. 

SCARR,  rivulet,  running  about  15  miles 
south-eastward  to  the  Nith  at  2£  miles 
south-east  of  Penpont,  Dumfriesshire. 

SCARSBURGH,  place,  with  fine,  well- 
preserved  circular  camp,  and  with  site 
of  ancient  chapel,  in  Jedburgh  parish, 
Roxburgh, 


SCA 


404 


SCO 


SCARSCOCH,  mountain,  3402  feet  high, 
among  Central  Grampians,  13  miles 
north-north-east  of  Blair-Athole,  Perth- 
shire. 

SCARVAG,  pastoral  isle  in  Harris  Sound, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

SCATAVAGH,  bay,  2£  miles  long,  on  east 
coast  of  Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SCATERIG,  collier  village  on  mutual 
border  of  Govan  and  Renfrew  parishes, 
near  Glasgow. 

SCAT  WELL,  reach  of  Meag  and  Conan 
valley,  10  miles  west-south-west  of  Ding- 
wall, Ross-shire. 

SCAUR,  coast  village  in  Colvend  parish, 
Kirkc  u  dbrightshire. 

SCAVAIG,  sea-loch  between  Minginish 
and  Strathaird,  on  south  coast  of  Isle  of 
Skye.  It  measures  4f  miles  in  length, 
and  from  4  miles  to  li  in  width  ;  holds  in 
its  mouth  the  cliff-bound  rugged  island 
of  Soa ;  is  flanked  by  bare,  bold,  fissured, 
rocky  hills;  has,  on  its  east  side,  a  cave 
which  gave  shelter  to  Prince  Charles 
Edward ;  is  sky-lined  by  the  alpine  spiry 
summits  of  Cuchullin  Mountains ;  and  as 
a  whole  has  a  very  impressive  aspect. 

SCAWDLAW,  mountain,  2354  feet  high, 
5  miles  south  of  Peebles. 

SCHAW  PARK,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Mansfield  in  Clackmannan  parish,  Clack- 
mannanshire. 

SCHELL,  one  of  the  Cheviot  Hills  in 
Morebattle  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

SCHICHALLION,  isolated  mountain, 
3547  feet  high,  on  south  side  of  the 
Tummel,  between  Tummel-Bridge  and 
Loch  Rannoch,  Perthshire.  It  has  a 
lumpish  form,  but,  as  seen  at  a  distance 
from  either  east  or  west,  looks  to  be  a 
regular  cone  ;  and  it  is  notable  for 
astronomical  observations  made  on  it  in 
1777  bv  Dr.  Maskelyne. 

SCHIVAS,  seat  in  Tarves  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

SCHURROCH,  hill-ridge,  with  remains  of 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Kingoldrum 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

SCIRACH,  lake,  3|  miles  south-by-east 
of  Reay,  Caithness. 

SCIRRIVAL,  headland  at  northern 
extremity  of  Barra  Island,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

SCIULri-A-CHARRA,  mountain  in  Bal- 
nagown  forest,  Kincardine  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

SCLANDERS,  burn  in  south  of  Denny 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

SCLATTIE,  village  near  Buxburn  railway 
station,  Aberdeenshire.    Pop.  374. 

SCLATYGOE,  small  steep-sided  sea-inlet 
in  Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

SCOBBACH,  seat  in  Turriff  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

SCOLIESCROSS,  place  in  Strachan 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

SCOLPET,  farm,  with  great  sea-cavern, 
in  North  Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SCOLTIE,  hill,  with  delightful  view,  in 
Strachan  parish,  Kincardineshire. 


SCONCER.    See  Sconser. 

SCONE,  palace,  quondam  abbey,  extinct 
city,  modern  town,  and  parish  in  Perth- 
shire. The  palace  stands  near  left  side  of 
the  Tay,  2  miles  north  of  Perth,  is  the 
chief  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Mansfield,  was 
erected  in  1803-6,  is  a  grand  castellated 
edifice  with  frontage  of  240  feet,  and 
either  covers  or  adjoins  the  site  of  an 
ancient  royal  palace,  the  occasional 
residence  of  many  kings. — The  abbey 
stood  adjacent  to  the  royal  palace, 
covered  the  site  of  a  Culdee  cell,  was 
founded  in  1114,  contained  the  coronation- 
stone  previously  in  Dunstaffnage  and  now 
in  "Westminster  Abbey,  was  long  the 
coronation  place  of  the  Scottish  kings, 
and,  together  with  the  royal  palace,  was 
destroyed  at  the  Reformation. — The 
extinct  city  adjoined  the  abbey,  was  long 
a  place  of  great  historical  note,  declined 
to  the  condition  of  a  hamlet,  and  is  now 
represented  chiefly  by  a  market-cross 
within  the  Earl  of  Mansfield's  pleasure- 
grounds. — The  modern  town  stands  about 
a  mile  to  the  east,  bears  the  name  of  New 
Scone,  was  mostly  built  since  beginning 
of  present  century,  presents  a  pleasant 
appearance,  and  has  a  post  office  with 
money  order  department  under  Perth, 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  and  a  large  public  school. 
Pop.  1483.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Stormontfield  village  and  a  small  part  of 
Perth  burgh.  Its  length  is  about  4  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  about  3  miles ;  its 
area  7815  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81 
of  landward  part,  £14,059.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  2347.  The  Tay  traces  all  the  western 
boundary.  The  land  rises  gently  from  the 
river  towards  the  north-east  and  the  east, 
has  pleasant  diversity  of  surface,  and 
exhibits  a  richly  cultured  appearance.  A 
recent  mansion  is  Bonhard,  and  the 
antiquities  include  two  Caledonian  stone 
circles,  the  line  of  a  Roman  road,  and 
vestiges  of  a  large  oblong  camp.  There 
are  2  public  schools  for  362  scholars,  and  1 
of  them  for  311  is  new. 

SCONSER,  hamlet  and  ferry-station  on 
south  side  of  mouth  of  Loch  Sligichan, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

SCOONIE,  parish,  containing  Leven  town, 
on  south  coast  of  Fife.  Its  length  is  3| 
miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  2f  miles ;  its 
area  4091  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£16,909.  Pop.  3730.  The  coast  extends 
1|  mile  east-north-eastward  from  mouth 
of  Leven  river,  and  is  flat  and  sandy.  The 
interior  rises  gently  northward,  is  diversi- 
fied with  swells,  and  attains  an  elevation 
of  more  than  600  feet.  The  seats  are 
Durie,  Kilmux,  and  Montrive  ;  and  the 
chief  antiquity  is  the  site  of  extensive 
sepulchral  remains  on  supposed  scene  of 
ancient  battle  between  the  Scotch  and  the 
Danes.  The  churches  are  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and  Episco- 
palian. There  are  4  schools  for  565 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  239  i3  new. 


SCO 


405 


scu 


SCOONIEBURN,  hamlet  in  Scoonie  par- 
ish, Fife. 

SCORAIG,  place,  adjacent  to  vast  hed  of 
bog  iron-ore,  in  Lochbroom  parish,  Ross- 
shire.  It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
78  scholars. 

SCGRIDALE,  place,  with  medicinal 
spring,  in  Orphir  parish,  Orkney. 

SCORRIEBRECK,  farm,  4  miles  north- 
east of  Portree,  in  Isle  of  Skye.  It  gave 
shelter  to  Prince  Charles  Edward. 

S C OTLAND WELL,  village,  f  mile  from 
Loch  Leven,  and  5  miles  south-east  of 
Milnathort,  Kinross-shire.  It  adjoins 
some  notable  springs,  contains  vestiges  of 
an  ancient  hospital  called  Fons-Scotiae, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Kinross. 

SCOTSBURN,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Logie-Easter  parish,  Ross-shire. 

SCOTSCALDER,  railway  station,  18| 
miles  west  of  "Wick,  Caithness. 

SCOTSCRAIG,  seat  in  western  vicinity 
of  Tayport,  Fife. 

SCOTSDYKE,  old  ditch  and  embank- 
ment, about  4  miles  long,  eastward  from 
Sark  rivulet,  on  boundary  between  Scotland 
and  England. 

SCOTSHOLE,  ravine  on  the  Tweed, 
opposite  Ringlyhall,  in  Maxton  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

SCOTSMILL,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Tullynessle  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

SCOTSTARVIT,  fine  old  tower,  with 
charming  view,  in  south-eastern  vicinity 
of  Cupar,  Fife. 

SCOTSTOWN,  village  in  Renfrew  parish, 
Renfrewshire.    Pop.  757. 

SCOTSTOWN,  seat  on  right  bank  of  the 
Clyde,  4^  miles  north-west  of  Glasgow. 

SCOTSTOWN,  seat  near  Rutherglen, 
Lanarkshire. 

SCOTSTOWN,  estate  in  Auchterhouse 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

SCOTSTOWN,  seat  in  northern  vicinity 
of  Aberdeen. 

SCOTSTOWN,  headland,  3£  miles  north 
of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire. 

SCOTS  WAY,  island  in  Harris  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

SCOTTISH  CENTRAL  RAILWAY,  rail- 
way from  two  junction  lines  converging  at 
Larbert  in  Stirlingshire,  going  north-north- 
westward thence  through  Stirling  to  Dun- 
blane, and  proceeding  north-eastward  thence 
to  general  station  of  Perth.  It  was  autho- 
rized in  1845,  and  became  amalgamated 
with  the  Caledonian  in  1865. 

SCOTTISH  MIDLAND  RAILWAY,  rail- 
way from  general  station  at  Perth  north- 
eastward to  Forfar.  It  was  opened  in 
1848,  acquired  afterwards  some  branches, 
and  is  now  part  of  the  Caledonian  system. 

SCOTTISH  NORTH-EASTERN  RAIL- 
WAY, railway  system  formed  in  1856  by 
amalgamation  of  the  Scottish  Midland,  the 
Arbroath  and  Forfar,  and  the  Aberdeen, 
together  with  their  branches  and  connect- 
ing lines,  and  is  now  part  of  the  Cale- 
donian system. 

SCOUGAL,  ancient  chapelry,  now  part 


of  Whitekirk  parish,  on  north-east  coast 
of  Haddingtonshire. 

SCOULAG,  small  bay  on  east  coast  of 
southern  part  of  Isle  of  Bute. 

SCOURIE,  village  and  bay,  21  miles 
south  of  Cape  Wrath,  in  Sutherland.  The 
village  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Lairg,  an  inn,  and  a 
public  school. 

SCOURINGBURN,  section  or  suburb  of 
Dundee.  It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  under  Dundee. 

SCOURMORE,  mountain,  1774  feet  high, 
in  north  of  Trotternish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

SCOUR-OURAN,  alpine  mountain,  with 
conical  summit  3505  feet  high,  overhang- 
ing upper  part  of  Glenshiel,  on  south-west 
border  of  Ross-shire.  It  commands  a 
striking  view  over  Loch  Duich  to  Isle  of 
Skye  and  Outer  Hebrides. 

SCOYNE,  place,  with  female  public 
school,  in  Panbride  parish,  Forfarshire. 

SCRAADA  (HOLES  OF),  two  wide,  deep, 
vertical  apertures  at  inner  end  of  two 
natural  tunnels  on  west  coast  of  North- 
maven  parish,  Shetland. 

SCRABSTER,  seaport  suburb  of  Thurso, 
on  westward  expansion  of  upper  part  of 
Thurso  Bay,  Caithness.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Thurso,  and  it  adjoins  vestiges 
of  Scrabster  Castle,  once  a  residence  of  the 
Bishops  of  Caithness,  and  afterwards  a 
fortalice  of  the  crown. 

SCRAPE,  round-backed  mountain,  2347 
feet  high,  with  traces  of  Roman  road  and 
with  extensive  view,  8  miles  south-west  of 
Peebles. 

SCRAULAC,  mountain,  2432  feet  high, 
6  miles  north -north- west  of  Ballater, 
Aberdeenshire. 

SCREBHISBEN,  mountain  in  Parf  sec- 
tion of  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

SCRESORT,  bay,  1|  mile  long,  on  east 
side  of  Rum  Island,  Inner  Hebrides. 

SCRIDEN,  long,  broad,  steep  declivity 
of  shattered  blocks,  appearing  like  a  rocky 
avalanche  rushing  to  the  shore,  at  northern 
extremity  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

SCRISHBEN,  lofty  hill  on  north  coast 
of  Durness  parish,  Sutherland. 

SCROGIEHILL,  village  in  Methven  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

SCROULACH,  mountain  in  Strathdon 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

SCUIR-DONALD,  mountain  -  summit, 
2730  feet  high,  in  centre  of  Ardgour  dis- 
trict, Argyleshire. 

SCUIR-EIGG,  precipitous  eminence,  with 
columnar  peak  1272  feet  high,  in  Eigg 
Island,  Inner  Hebrides. 

SCUIR-MAXY,  bold  rocky  hills,  upwards 
of  1600  feet  high,  overhanging  cataracts 
of  Conan  river  immediately  below  Loch 
Luichart,  Ross-shire. 

SCUIR-NA-BANACHTICH,  peak,  3200 
feet  high,  in  west  centre  of  Cuchullin 
Mountains,  in  south  of  Isle  of  Skye. 

SCUIR-NA-CAIRAN,  lofty  peaked  moun- 
tain near  falls  of  Glomach,  in  south-west 
of  Ross-shire. 


scu 


406 


SEI 


SCUIR-NA-FINGAL,  mountain  peak, 
3168  feet  high,  on  north  side  of  Glencoe, 
Argyleshire. 

SCUIR-NA-GILLEAN,  peak,  3220  feet 
high,  in  north-east  of  Cuchullin  Mountains, 
in  south  of  Isle  of  Skye. 

SCUIR-NA-GOUR,  peaked  mountain, 
1983  feet  high,  near  Kyle-Ehea,  in  east  of 
Isle  of  Skye. 

SCUIR-NA-LAPICH,  peaked  mountain, 
3772  feet  high,  on  south  side  of  upper  part 
of  Glenstrathfarrar,  Inverness -shire. 

SCUIR-NA-RIACH,  mountain  peak  on 
north  side  of  GlencOe,  Argyleshire. 

SCUIR-NA-VERTACH,  peaked  mountain 
on  north  side  of  head  of  Glenstrathfarrar, 
Inverness-shire. 

SCUIR-OURAN.    See  Scouk-Ouban. 

SCUIR-VULLIN,  mountain,  with  three 
rocky  peaks  about  2500  feet  high,  over- 
hanging south  side  of  Loch  Fannich,  in 
Ross-shire. 

SCULOMY,  boat  harbour  on  east  side  of 
Kyle  of  Tongue,  Sutherland. 

SCUNT,  salmon  rivulet  in  Harris,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

SCURDYNESS,  headland  in  vicinity  of 
Montrose,  Forfarshire. 

SCURR,  hill,  remarkable  for  fine  kinds 
of  agates,  in  Balmerino  parish,  Fife. 

SEABANK,  seat  in  Stevenston  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

SEABEGS,  barony,  containing  several 
mediaeval  judicial  moats,  in  Falkirk  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

SEACLIFFE,  seat,  with  very  fine  sea- 
view,  in  "VVhitekirk  parish,  Haddington- 
shire. 

SEAFIELD,  barony  in  Cullen  parish, 
Banffshire.  It  was  formerly  called  Ogilvy, 
and  it  gives  the  titles  of  Earl  of  Seafield, 
Viscount  Seafield,  and  Baron  Ogilvy  to 
the  family  of  Grant-Ogilvy. 

SEAFIELD,  chapelry,  with  church  of 
1839,.  in  Bathven  parish,  near  Cullen, 
Banffshire. 

SEAFIELD,  hamlet,  small  port,  and 
ruined  ancient  fortalice,  1J  mile  north  of 
Kinghorn,  in  Fife. 

SEAFIELD,  small  suburb  on  Firth  of 
Forth,  at  eastern  extremity  of  Leith  Links, 
Edinburghshire.  It  includes  baths  erected 
in  1813  at  a  cost  of  £8000. 

SEAFIELD,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Mid  Yell  parish,  Shetland. 

SEAFORTH,  sea-loch,  partly  dividing 
Lewis-proper  from  Harris,  and  partly  pene- 
trating Lewis-proper,  in  Outer  Hebrides. 
It  opens  at  23  miles  south-by-west  of 
Stornoway ;  is  6J  miles  wide  at  entrance  ; 
goes  5J  miles  north-westward  ;  diminishes 
there  to  f  mile  in  width ;  goes  thence  7^ 
miles  northward  with  width  of  from  j 
mile  to  2|  miles ;  contains  in  that  reach 
an  island  of  its  own  name  1^  mile  long ; 
and  terminates  in  two  branches  westward 
and  eastward  1  mile  and  2f  miles  long. 
It  is  everywhere  flanked  or  overhung  by 
high  mountains,  is  much  exposed  to 
sudden  squalls,  and  presents,  in  its  middle 


and  upper  reaches,  a  solemn  appearance. 
It  gave  the  title  of  earl  from  1623  till  1716 
to  the  family  of  Mackenzie. 

SEAGREENS,  small  harbour  in  St.  Cyrus 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

SEAL  CAVE,  coast  cavern  about  a  fur- 
long in  length,  with  terminal  spacious 
stalactitic  semicircular  chamber,  in  Storno- 
way parish,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SEAL    ISLAND.       See  Ellan-na- 

ROAN. 

SEAMAB,  conical  hill,  1440  feet  high, 
one  of  the  Ochils,  in  Muckart  parish, 
Perthshire. 

SEAMILL,  eminence  in  West  Kilbride 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

SEAPARK,  seat  near  Kinloss,  Elgin- 
shire. 

SEATON,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Tranent,  Haddingtonshire.  Seaton  House, 
1^  mile  north-north-east  of  Tranent  town, 
is  a  castellated  mansion  of  latter  part  of 
last  century.  Seaton  Palace,  on  the 
ground  now  occupied  by  that  mansion, 
was  a  very  splendid  edifice  erected  in  the 
time  of  James  v.  ;  belonged  to  Lords 
Seaton,  Earls  of  Winton,  attainted  in 
1716 ;  and  gave  entertainment  to  James 
VI.  and  Charles  I.  on  occasion  of  their 
public  progress  through  Scotland.  Seaton 
collegiate  church,  in  vicinity  of  site  of  the 
palace,  was  a  handsome  spired  Gothic 
edifice  of  14th  century,  contained  the 
mausoleum  of  the  Earls  of  Winton,  and  is 
now  an  interesting  ruin. 

SEATON,  seat  in  vicinity  of  Old  Aber- 
deen. 

SEATON,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

SEATOWN,  section  or  suburb  of  Lossie- 
mouth, Elginshire.    Pop.  277. 

SEATOWN,  section  or  suburb  of  Cullen, 
Banffshire. 

SEATOWN,  suburb  of  Bosehearty,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

SEATOWN,  village  in  Nairn  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

SEEDHILL,  suburb  of  Paisley,  Benfrew- 
shire. 

SEGGIE,  place,  with  extensive  distillery, 
on  the  Eden  near  Leuchars,  Fife. 

SEGGIEDEN,  seat  near  the  Tay  in  Kin- 
fauns  parish,  Perthshire. 

SEIL,  island,  8  miles  south-south-west 
of  Oban,  Argyleshire.  It  is  separated  by 
narrow  straits  from  Nether  Lorn  mainland 
on  the  east,  from  Torsa  and  Luing  on  the 
south,  and  from  Easdale  and  Sheep  Isle 
on  the  west ;  it  measures  4£  miles  in 
length,  and  2J  in  extreme  breadth ;  it  is 
so  much  indented  by  the  sea  as  to  have  a 
very  irregular  outline;  it  consists  chiefly 
of  three  parallel  ridges,  two  intervening 
vales,  and  a  belt  of  low  seaboard ;  it 
rises,  in  its  loftiest  ground,  to  a  height  of 
more  than  800  feet ;  it  ranks  as  one  of  the 
Slate  Islands,  but  is  greatly  eclipsed  by 
Easdale  ;  and  it  contains  the  village  of 
Balvicar  and  the  mansion  of  Ardincaple. 
Pop.  656. 


SEI 


407 


SER 


SEIRACH,  lake  in  Reay  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

SEISTER,  lake,  about  2  miles  long, 
amid  dismal  expanse  of  moss,  11  miles  east 
of  Thurso,  Caithness. 

SELIBISTER,  section  of  north-eastern 
peninsula  of  Sanday  Island,  Orkney. 

SELIVOE,  bay  in  Sandsting  parish,  Shet- 
land. 

SELKIRK,  town  in  Selkirkshire,  and 
parish  partly  also  in  Roxburghshire.  The 
town  stands  on  right  side  of  Ettrick  river, 
at  terminus  of  branch  railway,  6 J  miles 
south-by- west  of  Galashiels ;  sprang  from 
a  hunting-seat  of  the  Scoto-Saxon  kings ; 
figured  notably  in  the  wars  of  the  Succes- 
sion ;  lost  many  of  its  best  men,  4  the 
Flowers  of  the  Forest,'  on  the  field  of 
Flodden ;  was  famous  during  several 
centuries  for  its  shoemakers  or  'sutors,' 
celebrated  in  song  ;  appeared,  at  beginning 
of  present  century,  to  be  going  rapidly  to 
decay ;  underwent  sudden  revival,  with 
subsequent  steady  prosperity,  as  a  seat  of 
woollen  manufacture ;  ranks  now  as  the  capi- 
tal of  Selkirkshire,  and  as  a  burgh  uniting 
with  Galashiels  and  Hawick  in  sending  a 
member  to  Parliament ;  stands  on  tabular 
ground  contiguous  to  a  haugh,  with  charm- 
ing environs,  comprising  Haining  Park  and 
mansion ;  comprises  a  spacious  market- 
place, well-edificed  streets,  and  a  number 
of  elegant  private  residences ;  was  designed 
in  1877  to  be  much  improved  by  formation 
of  new  drainage  works  ;  publishes  a  weekly 
newspaper  ;  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  a  railway  station,  3  banking 
offices,  2  hotels,  a  recent  suite  of  county 
buildings,  a  steepled  town  hall,  monu- 
ments of  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  Mungo 
Park,  Established  churches  of  1863  and 
1867,  a  Free  church,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  of  1880,  another  United  Presby- 
terian church,  Evangelical  Union,  Episco- 
palian, and  Eoman  Catbolic  churches,  a 
grammar  school,  and  2  large  primary  public 
schools ;  and  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  a 
branch  of  the  Douglases.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £22,788.  Pop.  6090.  —  The 
parish  consists  of  a  main  body  measur- 
ing 1\  miles  by  7  in  Selkirkshire,  and 
two  small  sections  in  Roxburghshire,  and 
comprises  21,210  acres  in  the  main  body, 
and  1348  acres  in  the  sections.  Real 
property,  exclusive  of  the  burgh,  in 
1880-81,  £14,923  and  £1381.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  7432;  quoad  sacra,  7369. 
The  Tweed  traces  all  the  northern  bound- 
ary, the  Ettrick  intersects  the  main  body 
to  conflux  with  the  Tweed,  and  the  Yar- 
row joins  the  Ettrick  at  If  mile  west- 
south- west  of  the  town.  About  3000  acres 
of  the  land  are  under  the  plough,  about 
1000  are  under  wood,  and  the  rest  nearly 
all  consists  of  pastoral  or  waste  hills  with 
diief  summits  from  1519  to  1718  feet  high. 
Chief  seats  are  Bowhill,  Haining,  Philip- 
haugh,  Sunderland  Hall,  and  Broad- 
meadows  ;  chief  antiquities  are  Newark 
Castle  and  Oakwood  Tower ;  and  other 


chief  objects  of  interest  are  the  battlefield 
of  Philiphaugh  and  the  birthplace  of 
Mungo  Park. 

SELKIRK  AND  GALASHIELS,  railway, 
6£  miles  long,  from  junction  with  Hawick 
branch  of  North  British  near  Galashiels 
station  south  -  by  -  westward  across  the 
Tweed  to  Selkirk.  It  was  authorized  in 
1854,  opened  in  1856,  and  amalgamated 
with  the  North  British  in  1859. 

SELKIRKSHIRE,  inland  county  be- 
tween Peeblesshire  and  Roxburghshire. 
Its  length  southward  is  28  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  17J  miles  ;  its  area  260 
square  miles.  The  boundary  round  the 
south,  to  the  extent  of  about  one-third  of 
the  entire  circumference,  is  a  lofty  water- 
shed of  the  Southern  Highlands,  but  all 
elsewhere  is  irregularly  denned  and  mostly 
arbitrary.  All  the  surface  lies  on  a  base  of 
from  280  to  nearly  800  feet  above  sea- 
level  ;  a  belt  on  the  east  side  is  compara- 
tively low ;  tracts  along  the  Ettrick,  the 
Yarrow,  the  Tweed,  and  the  Gala  are 
pleasant  vale ;  the  rest  of  the  land  con- 
sists chiefly  of  hills  and  mountains,  with 
intersection  of  glens  and  heughs  ;  and  the 
part  near  and  on  the  sweep  of  watershed 
southern  boundary  contains  a  number  of 
summits  from  1800  to  2269  feet  in  alti- 
tude. St.  Mary's  Loch  and  the  Loch  of 
the  Lowes  are  in  the  south-west,  and 
some  small  lakes  are  in  the  east.  Sheep- 
farming  in  the  higher  parts,  and  arable 
husbandry  in  the  lower  ones,  are  skilful 
and  effective.  Woollen  manufacture,  at 
Selkirk  and  Galashiels,  is  extensive 
and  flourishing.  The  only  towns  are 
Selkirk  and  part  of  Galashiels ;  and  no 
village  is  so  large  as  to  have  300  inhabi- 
tants. The  territory  belonged  to  the 
Caledonian  Gadeni,  was  overrun  by  the 
Saxons,  and  formed  the  chief  part  of  the 
royal  sporting-ground  of  Ettrick  Forest. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  exclusive  of 
railways,  £125,079.  Pop.  in  1871,  14,005; 
in  1881,  25,562. 

SELLAY,  pastoral  island  in  Harris 
parish,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SELLER,  headland,  17  miles  north-north- 
east of  Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SELLMOOR,  hiU,  1368  feet  high,  in 
eastern  vicinity  of  Stow,  Edinburghshire. 

SELMA.    See  Beeigonidm. 

SEMMIEDORES,  popularly  St.  Madoes 
parish,  Perthshire. 

SEMPILL,  estate  in  Lochwinnoch  parish, 
Renfrewshire.  It  has  given  the  peerage 
title  of  baron  since  1489  to  a  distinguished 
family  of  its  own  name.  Sempill  House, 
long  inhabited  by  that  family,  stood  in 
High  Street,  Paisley,  and  passed  into  a 
state  of  decadence. 

SENWICK.    See  Sandwick. 

SERF  (ST.),  island,  with  remains  of 
ancient  priory,  in  south-east  of  Loch 
Leven,  Kinross-shire. 

SERVENT,  rivulet,  making  cascade  of 
about  110  feet,  falling  afterwards  20  feet 
into  natural  tunnel,  and  entering  upper 


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SHE 


part  of  Loch  Leven,  on  south-east  verge 
of  Inverness-shire. 

SETON.    See  Seaton. 

SEUNTA.    See  Sianta. 

SEVEN  BRETHREN,  semicircular  line 
of  ancient  standing-stones  in  Tunder- 
garth  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

SEVEN  GREY  STONES,  vestige  of 
ancient  Caledonian  stone  circle  in  Loch- 
rutton  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

SGIAH,  rivulet,  running  eastward  from 
Benwyvis,  Ross-shire.  Its  basin  contains 
coal. 

SGRINNCALDALE,  mountain,  1653 
feet  high,  in  Jura  Island,  Argyleshire. 

SGURCHAIRIE,  lofty  mountain  in  Fort- 
ingal  parish,  Perthshire. 

SGURRANAIRGOID,  mountain,  2734 feet 
high,  on  north  side  of  Loch  Duich,  Ross- 
shire. 

SHADIR,  small  bay,  11  miles  south-south- 
west of  Butt  of  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SHAGGY,  romantic  stream,  making  three 
falls,  one  of  them  of  55  feet,  in  Monzie 
parish,  Perthshire. 

SHALLAIN,  rivulet,  running  to  Loch 
Garry,  Perthshire. 

SHAMBELLY,  seat  near  Newabbey, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

SHANDON,  hamlet  on  north  side  of 
Gareloch,  miles  north-north-west  of 
Helensburgh,  Dumbartonshire.  It  took 
its  name,  signifying  'old  fort,'  from  an 
ancient  f  ortalice,  now  almost  extinct ;  it 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Helensburgh, 
and  a  Free  church;  and  it  is  near  the 
elegant  modern  mansions  of  Shandon 
Lodge  and  West  Shandon.    Pop.  291. 

SHANDWICK,  village,  mansion,  and 
curiously-sculptured  ancient  obelisk  in 
Nigg  parish,  Ross-shire.  Pop.  of  village, 
182. 

SHANK,  picturesque  spot,  sung  by  the 
poet  Graham,  at  influx  of  Gore  rivulet  to 
the  South  Esk,  in  Edinburghshire. 

SHANKEND,   railway  station,  7  miles 
south  of  Hawick,  Roxburghshire. 
>  SHANKRAMUIR,  estate,  with  extensive 
limeworks,  in  Cadder  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

SHANKSTON,  lake  in  Kirkmichael 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

SHANNAN,  hill,  4  miles  south-west  of 
Luss  village,  Dumbartonshire. 

SHANNASS,  place  in  Old  Deer  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  public  school 
with  about  122  scholars. 

SHANNOCKHILL,  estate  in  Tillicoultry 
parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

SHANTER,  farm  once  occupied  by 
Burns'  '  Tarn  o'  Shanter,'  1J  mile  west  of 
Kirkoswald,  Ayrshire.  It  is  now  annexed 
to  another  farm  and  stripped  of  its 
buildings. 

SHANWELL,  seat  near  Milnathort,  Kin- 
ross-shire. 

SHAPINSHAY,  insular  parish,  aver- 
agely  6  miles  north-north-east  of  Kirk- 
wall, Orkney.  It  flanks  the  north  side  of 
the  String  or  eastward  marine  outlet  from 


Kirkwall,  and  measures  about  5  miles  by 
4J,  but  is  indented  on  the  north  by  the 
large  bay  of  Viantro.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £2125.  Pop.  974.  The  shores 
and  seaboard  are  mostly  low  and  fertile, 
but  the  interior  rises  gradually  into 
pastoral  or  barren  hill,  and  commands 
from  a  summit  there  a  map-like  view  of 
great  part  of  Orkney.  A  modern  village 
overlooks  Elswick  Bay  on  the  south  coast, 
and  has  there  a  fine  natural  harbour, 
screened  by  a  green  islet.  Chief  objects 
of  interest  are  Cliff  dale  modern  mansion, 
How  ruined  old  mansion,  numerous  littoral 
Scandinavian  dunes,  the  Black  Stone  of 
Odin,  and  a  place  on  the  west  coast  tra- 
ditionally said  to  have  been  fatal  to  one  of 
the  ships  of  Agricola.  The  churches  are 
Established,  United  Presbyterian,  and 
Evangelical  Union ;  and  there  are  3 
schools    with    accommodation    for  141 

SctlolclI'S 

SHAWBOST,  three  villages,  New,  North, 
and  South,  in  Lochs  parish,  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides.    Pop.  214,  322,  and  291. 

SHAWEND,  burn,  running  to  large 
reservoir  about  a  mile  east-north-east  of 
Kilsyth,  Stirlingshire. 

SHAWFIELD,  SHAWFIELD-BANK,  and 
SHAWFIELD-PARK,  seats  near  Ruther- 
glen,  Lanarkshire. 

SHAWHEAD,  village  in  Kirkpatrick- 
Irongray  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Dumfries. 

SHAWHILL,  seat  in  Riccarton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

SHAWLANDS,  village  in  northern  vicinity 
of  Pollockshaws,  Renfrewshire.  It  shares 
in  the  industries  of  Pollockshaws,  and  has 
a  chapel-of-ease.    Pop.  798. 

SHAW  PARK.    See  Schaw  Pakk. 

SHAWS,  reservoirs  at  500  feet  above  sea- 
level,  and  copious  constant  stream  thence 
for  water-supply  of  Greenock,  Renfrew- 
shire. 

SHAWS,  small  lake  and  high  hill  about 
1\  miles  south-west  of  Selkirk. 

SHAWS,  farm,  with  two  ancient  circular 
fortifications,  in  Castleton  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

SHAWS,  near  Glasgow.  See  POLLOCK- 
SHAWS. 

SHAWSBURN,  colliery  in  Dalserf  parish, 

SHAWTONHILL,  small  cemetery  in 
Glassford  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

SHEAL,  affluent  of  Leochel  rivulet  in 
Leochel  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

SHEARDALE,  coalfield  in  Dollar  parish, 
Clackmannanshire. 

SHE ARINGTON ,  village  in  Caerlaverock 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

SHEBSTER,  hamlet  and  hill  in  Reay 
parish,  Caithness.  The  hamlet  lies  6 
miles  south-west  of  Thurso,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Thurso,  a  public  school,  and  a 
ruined  old  chapel ;  and  the  hill  has  remains 
of  two  ancient  forts  at  some  distance  from 
each  other. 

SHEDDEN,    public    park,    with  fine 


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409 


SHE 


entrance  gateway,  on  east  side  of  Kelso, 
Roxburghshire. 

SHEDDOCKSLEY,  seat  in  Newhills  par- 
ish, Aberdeenshire. 

SHEE,  mountain  rivulet,  running  about 
16  miles  southward  into  conflux  with  the 
Ardle  to  form  the  Ericht,  on  north-east 
border  of  Perthshire. 

SHEECHAILLIN.    See  Schichallion. 

SHEELAGREEN,  estate  in  Culsalmond 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

SHEEMORE,  seat  in  south  of  Luss  par- 
ish, Dumbartonshire. 

SHEEN,  upper  part  of  Conan  river, 
Ross-shire. 

SHEEOCH,  rivulet,  running  about  12 
miles  north-north-eastward  to  the  Dee  at 
Dun-is  church,  Kincardineshire. 

SHEEP,  islet,  engirt  with  low  cliffs, 
near  Seil.  and  9  miles  south-south-west  of 
Oban,  Argyleshire. 

SHEEP,  islet  in  Lismore  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

SHEEP,  islet  adjacent  to  Sanda,  near 
southern  extremity  of  Kintyre,  Argyle- 
shire. 

SHEIL.    See  Shiel. 

SHEILSWOOD,  lake  in  Ashkirk  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

SHELKY,  skerry  near  north-east  of 
North  Ronaldshay  Island,  Orkney. 

SHELL,  sea-loch  in  Forest  district  of 
Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  opens  9^  miles 
south  of  Stornoway,  and  strikes  about  5 
miles  to  the  west. 

SHELLEGHAN,  rivulet,  running  to  the 
Almond,  in  Fowlis-Wester  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

SHELLIVA,  bay,  with  natural  harbourage 
for  small  craft,  in  north  of  South  Uist 
Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SHELLOCH,  affluent  of  Old  Water  of 
Cluden,  in  east  of  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

SHELNICK,  small  cliff-screened  bay  in 
Stornoway  parish,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SHERIFFHALL-ENGINE.    See  Engine. 

SHERIFFMUIR,  extensive  heathy  out- 
skirt  of  Ochil  Hills,  about  2  miles  north- 
east of  Dunblane,  Perthshire.  It  was  the 
scene  of  the  battle  in  1715  between  the 
royal  forces  under  the  Earl  of  Argyle  and 
the  rebel  forces  under  the  Earl  of  Mar, 
celebrated  in  well-known  derisive  verses ; 
and  it  contains,  within  an  iron  grating,  the 
'  Gathering  Stone  of  the  Clans,'  renovated 
in  1840. 

SHERIFFMUIR,  tabular  peninsula  at 
confluence  of  the  Lyne  and  the  Tweed,  3 
miles  west-by-south  of  Peebles.  It  con- 
tains ancient  standing-stones  ;  is  supposed 
to  have  been  the  scene  of  a  battle  between 
the  Caledonians  and  the  Romans ;  and 
commands  fine  vista-views  through  gaps 
in  surrounding  hills. 

SHERIFF-POT,  scene  of  tragical  event  in 
time  of  James  I.,  on  top  of  Garvock  Hill, 
Kincardineshire. 

SHERLETT,  lake,  6£  miles  west  of 
Auchnasheen,  Ross-shire. 


SHESHERNICH,  upland  lake  in  Kirk- 
michael  parish,  Perthshire. 

SHETLAND,  archipelago  in  extreme 
north  of  Scotland.  It  includes  Fair  and 
Foula  islands,  respectively  about  20  miles 
south  -  south  -  west  and  17  miles  west- 
south  -  west  of  nearest  parts  of  its  own 
mainland  ;  but  it  otherwise  forms  a  very 
compact  group,  commences  48  miles  north- 
east of  northern  extremity  of  Orkney, 
extends  68  miles  north-by-eastward,  and 
has  a  breadth  of  from  to  28  miles. 
It  altogether  comprehends  23  inhabited 
islands,  about  70  pastoral  islets,  and  a 
great  number  of  skerries  or  insulated 
rocks,  and  has  a  total  land  area  of  325 
square  miles.  Its  chief  island,  called 
Mainland,  comprises  about  one-half  of  the 
area,  but  is  so  profusely  intersected  by 
sea-lochs  as  to  be  mostly  a  chain  of  penin- 
sulas. The  three  islands  next  in  size, 
Yell,  Unst,  and  Fetlar,  form  most  of  a 
compact  group  in  the  extreme  north,  and 
are  separated  from  Mainland  by  a  sound 
from  2  to  4  miles  wide,  but  thickly 
sprinkled  with  islets  and  skerries.  The 
coasts,  in  all  parts,  are  prevailingly  bold 
and  rocky  ;  in  many  parts  are  cut  by  long 
deep  bays,  forming  good  natural  harbours  ; 
in  some  parts  are  bored  with  tunnels, 
caverns,  and  arches,  and  flanked  by  insu- 
lated pillar-rocks ;  and,  on  the  whole,  ex- 
hibit a  large  amount  of  very  striking 
romantic  scenery.  The  seaboards  in- 
clude a  considerable  aggregate  of  verdant 
plain,  but  are  predominantly  bleak  and 
wild,  and  frequently  terminate  in  bold 
headlands  or  sheer  cliffs.  The  interior 
is  extensively  moorish  or  mossy  ;  contains 
not  one  grove  or  coppice,  and  very  little 
shrubbery  ;  consists  mostly  of  tabular  or 
undulating  low  hills;  and  culminates  at 
north-west  of  Mainland  in  a  summit  1476 
feet  high.  The  rocks  are  various  and 
interesting,  but  the  minerals  have 
little  economical  value.  Arable  husbandry 
is  of  small  account ;  and  the  rearing  of  live 
stock  is  mainly  remarkable  for  the  fact 
that  the  sheep,  the  cattle,  and  the  horses 
or  shelties  are  all  of  breeds  peculiar  to 
Shetland.  Fisheries  are  the  main  source 
of  subsistence,  insomuch  that  all  the  able- 
bodied  males,  with  trivial  exceptions,  are 
more  or  less  fishermen,  and  that  Shetland 
by  itself  constitutes  one  of  the  twenty-five 
fishery  districts  of  all  Scotland.  The  only 
town  is  Lerwick,  the  only  village  with 
more  than  300  inhabitants  is  Scalloway, 
and  most  of  the  few  other  villages  are 
small  hamlets.  The  civil  history  is  nearly 
identical  with  that  of  Orkney ;  and  the 
antiquities,  though  numerous  and  interest- 
ing, are  chiefly  Scandinavian.  Shetland 
unites  with  Orkney  in  sending  a  member 
to  Parliament,  and  is  under  the  same  lord- 
lieutenant  and  sheriff  as  Orkney,  but  in 
other  respects  forms  a  separate  county. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £38,125.  Pop. 
in  1871,  31,608  ;  in  1881,  29,709. 

SHETTLESTON,   town  and   parish  in 


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410 


SHI 


lower  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  town 
stands  nominally  3  miles  south  -  east  of 
Glasgow,  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  operatives 
and  colliers,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow,  a  railway  station,  Established, 
Free,  and  Eoman  Catholic  churches,  and 
a  large  public  school.  Pop.  with  Eastmuir 
and  Sandyholes,  3608. — The  parish  contains 
also  most  of  Millerston  and  Hogganfield, 
was  constituted  quoad  sacra  by  civil  autho- 
rity in  1847,  and  ranks  now  as  quoad  omnia. 
Its  territory  is  the  south-eastern  part  of 
Barony  of  Glasgow.  Beal  property  with 
that  of  Springburn  and  Maryhill  in  1880- 
81,  £151,416.  Pop.  of  Shettleston  alone, 
9232.  There  are  7  schools  for  1354 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  and  an  enlarge- 
ment for  650  are  new. 

SHEUCHAN,  quoad  sacra  parish,  con- 
taining part  of  Stranraer  town,  in  Wig- 
tonshire.  It  has  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  Madras  school.  Pop.  1533. 

SHEVOCK,  rivulet,  running  to  the  Ury 
a  little  above  Old  Eayne,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

SHEWALTON,  village,  mansion,  and 
large  turbary  in  Dundonald  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

SHEWGLIE,  residences  at  Loch  Meikle, 
in  Glenurquhart,  Inverness-shire. 

SHIAN,  seat  in  Glenquiech,  about  11 
miles  west  of  Dunkeld,  Perthshire. 

SHIANT,  group  of  islets,  18  miles  south 
of  Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides.  Two  of 
them  measure  each  about  2  miles  in 
circuit,  and  are  mutually  adjacent ;  and 
all  have  a  basaltic  columnar  formation 
similar  to  that  of  Staffa. 

SHIANT,  Isle  of  Skye.    See  SiANTA. 

SHIEL,  lake  and  river  on  boundary 
between  Inverness-shire  and  Argyleshire. 
The  lake  commences  at  foot  of  Glenfinnan, 
extends  about  16  miles  south-westward, 
has  nowhere  a  width  of  more  than  2  miles, 
and  is  flanked  by  picturesque  mountains. 
The  river  issues  from  the  lake's  foot,  and 
runs  about  1\  miles  north  -  westward  to 
Loch  Moydart. 

SHIEL,  rivulet,  running  about  10  miles 
westward  and  west-north- westward  to  head 
of  Loch  Duich,  on  south  -  west  border  of 
Ross-shire. 

SHIELBURN,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Eathven  parish,  Banffshire. 

SHIELDAG,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  on  west  coast  of  Eoss-shire.  The 
village  stands  on  a  bay  of  its  own  name  on 
middle  reach  of  Loch  Torridon,  9  miles 
from  the  loch's  mouth ;  is  overhung  by  a 
hill  of  vast  sandstone  cliffs,  rising  to  a 
height  of  1667  feet;  carries  on  an  exten- 
sive fishery ;  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Lochcarron,  a  small  inn,  a  parochial 
church  of  1827,  a  Free  church  of  1879,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  47  scholars. — 
The  parish  was  constituted  ecclesiastically 
in  1833,  and  politically  in  1851,  measures 
about  18  miles  by  15,  and  has  all  its 
population,  except  two  families,  in  a 
rugged  tract  along  the  coast.     A  sub- 


parochial  church  and  a  public  school  are 
at  Kishorn.    Pop.  1447. 

SHIELDFIELD,  estate  in  Gordon  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

SHIELDGREEN,  lofty  ruined  old  castle 
near  head  of  Soonhope  burn,  in  vicinity  of 
Peebles. 

SHIELDHALL,  estate  about  4  miles 
south-west  of  Glasgow.  It  was  sold  in 
1872  for  £112,000. 

SHIELDHILL,  fishing  village  in  Kinneff 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

SHIELDHILL,  modernized  old  seat  in 
Libberton  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

SHIELDHILL,  place,  with  railway 
station  and  public  school,  6|  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Dumfries. 

SHIELDHILL  (EAST),  village  in  Polmont 
parish,  Stirlingshire.    Pop.  391. 

SHIELDS,  estate  in  Eenfrewshire  section 
of  Govan  parish,  in  south-western  vicinity 
of  Glasgow. 

SHIELDS,  place,  with  limeworks,  in 
East  Kilbride  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

SHIELDS,  burn  in  Campsie  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

SHIELDS  ROAD,  railway  -  junction 
station  in  southern  suburbs  of  Glas- 
gow. 

SHIELHILL,  seat  on  the  South  Esk, 
in  Kirriemuir  parish,  Forfarshire. 

SHIELHOUSE,  inn  near  head  of  Loch 
Duich,  at  foot  of  Glenshiel,  on  south-west 
border  of  Eoss-shire. 

SHIELHOUSE,  burn,  entering  Carron 
rivulet  at  4  miles  north  of  Thornhill, 
Dumfriesshire. 

SHIELLS,  burn,  running  to  the  Tweed 
at  3J  miles  north-north-east  of  Coldstream, 
Berwickshire. 

SHIELS,  place,  with  United  Presbyterian 
church,  in  Belhelvie  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

SHIERGLASS,   seat  near  Blair-Athole 

village,  Perthshire. 

SHILLINGLAW,  affluent  of  Quair 
rivulet,  Peeblesshire. 

SHIN,  lake  and  river  in  south-west  of 
Sutherland.  The  lake  lies  all  in  Lairg 
parish,  extends  18  miles  south-eastward, 
has  a  mean  breadth  of  less  than  a  mile, 
and  is  flanked  by  uplands,  very  grand 
around  the  head,  but  tame  along  the 
sides.  The  river  issues  from  the  lake's 
foot,  runs  7  miles  southward  to  the  Oikell 
at  7  miles  north-west  of  Bonar-Bridge, 
and  makes,  at  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  a 
considerable  cascade. 

SHINEACH,  lake  in  Glassary  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

SHINNEL,  rivulet,  running  10  miles 
south-eastward,  and  If  mile  north-north- 
eastward, to  the  Scarr  in  western  vicinity 
of  Penpont,  Dumfriesshire.  It  is  partly 
flanked  by  picturesque  mountains,  and  it 
makes  a  rushing  cataract  and  a  consider- 
able cascade. 

SHIRA,  rivulet,  running  10  miles  south- 
by-westward  to  Loch  Fyne  at  2  miles 
north-west  of  Inverary,  Argyleshire.  It 


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411 


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traverses  Glenshira,  and  then,  on  a  very 
low  level,  makes  a  lacustrine  expansion  to 
its  mouth. 

SHIRGARTON,  village  in  Perthshire 
section  of  Kippen  parish. 

SHIRVA,  estate,  with  colliery,  in  Kirkin- 
tilloch parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

SHIRVA,  hamlet  in  Fair  Island,  Shet- 
land. 

SHISKIN,  hamlet  and  vale  in  south-west 
of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  The  hamlet 
lies  on  Drimadown  Bay,  9  miles  west-by- 
south  of  Lamlash,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Brodick,  Isle  of  Arran,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
126  scholars. — The  vale  extends  from  the 
hamlet  up  Blackwater  rivulet,  comprises 
more  than  1700  acres  of  arable  land,  and 
is  the  most  fertile  part  of  Arran. 

SHOCHIE,  rivulet,  running  about  8  miles 
eastward  to  the  Tay  at  Luncarty,  Perth- 
shire. 

SHONA,  island  bisecting  about  two- 
thirds  of  Loch  Moydart,  Inverness-shire. 
Pop.  118. 

SHOTTS,  parish  on  north-east  border  of 
middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  north-west  by  North  C  alder  river, 
on  the  south-east  by  South  Calder  river. 
It  has,  of  its  own  name,  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Lanarkshire,  a  railway  station, 
and  a  banking  office  ;  and  it  contains  the 
villages  of  Dykehead,  Harthill,  Muirhead, 
Omoa,  and  Sallysburgh,  and  most  of  the 
villages  of  Shotts-Ironworks  and  Cleland- 
Ironworks.  Its  length  is  10  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  8  miles  ;  its  area  24,944 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £74,635. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  8593;  quoad  sacra, 
4294.  The  watershed  between  the 
basin  of  the  Clyde  and  that  of  the  Forth 
passes  along  the  centre,  has  here  a 
maximum  altitude  of  about  500  feet  above 
sea-level,  and  commands  here  extensive, 
delightful,  panoramic  views.  The  surface 
declines  gradually  on  both  sides  of  the 
watershed,  sinks  to  a  minimum  elevation 
of  about  200  feet,  and  formerly  was  mostly 
moorish,  sterile,  and  bleak,  but  now 
exhibits  prevailingly  a  reclaimed  and 
highly-improved  appearance.  Coal  and 
ironstone  abound  throughout  the  south, 
and  are  richly  utilized  in  the  ironworks 
of  Shotts,  Omoa,  Gartness,  and  Cleland. 
The  parishioners,  in  the  times  of  persecu- 
tion, figured  greatly  in  the  affairs  of  the 
Covenanters.  The  parochial  church  was 
shattered  by  lightning,  and  afterwards 
restored,  in  1876.  Other  churches  are 
Free,  United  Original  Secession,  Evan- 
gelical Union,  and  Roman  Catholic. 
There  are  6  schools  for  1329  scholars,  and 
3  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for  880  are 
new. 

SHOTTSBURN,  place,  with  United 
Original  Secession  church,  in  Shotts  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire. 

SHOTTS-IRONWORKS,  village,  with  iron- 
works, on  right  bank  of  Calder  rivulet,  6^ 


miles  north-east  of  Wishaw,  Lanarkshire. 
Pop.  with  Torbothie,  969. 

SHOUGHENDS,  hill-ridge  forming  back- 
bone of  Big  Cumbray  Island,  Buteshire. 
It  commands  a  panoramic  view  of  the 
waters  and  screens  of  Firth  of  Clyde. 

SHUNA,  island,  about  3  miles  long, 
divided  by  narrow  straits  from  Luing 
Island  and  Craignish  peninsula,  in  Nether 
Lorn,  Argyleshire.    Pop.  14. 

SHUNA,  island  in  Loch  Linnhe,  opposite 
Appin  village,  Argyleshire. 

SHURIRY,  lake  in  Reay  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

_  SHURRACH,  hill,  with  Caledonian  stone 
circle,  in  Kingoldrum  parish,  Forfarshire. 

SHUTTERFLAT,  barony,  2\  miles  east- 
by-north  of  Beith,  Ayrshire. 

SIAN,  bay  on  west  side  of  Jura  Island, 
Argyleshire. 

SIANTA,  tiny  limpid  lake,  long  associated 
with  popular  superstition,  in  Kilmuir  par- 
ish, Isle  of  Skye. 

SIBBALDBIE,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Applegarth,  Dumfriesshire.  It  retains 
ruins  of  its  church,  and  has  a  public  school 
with  about  65  scholars. 

SIBSTER,  seat  in  Wick  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

SICCAR,  small  headland,  with  almost 
vertical  stratified  rocks,  in  Cockburnspath 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

SIDEHILL,  eminence  on  right  side  of 
the  Liddel,  2  miles  south-by-west  of  New- 
castleton,  Roxburghshire.  It  is  crowned 
by  a  Roman  camp  300  feet  broad,  and  was 
the  site  of  the  residence  of  the  Border 
riever  'Jock  o'  the  Side.' 

SIDERA,  township  in  Dornoch  parish, 
Sutherland. 

SIDLAW,  hill-chain  commencing  on  left 
side  of  the  Tay  adjacent  to  Perth,  extend- 
ing 21  miles  north-eastward  to  a  line  6 
miles  south-south-west  of  Forfar,  and 
forking  there  into  one  line  18  miles  east- 
north-eastward  to  Redhead  in  Forfarshire, 
and  another  line  38  miles  north-eastward 
to  the  coast  adjacent  to  Stonehaven  in 
Kincardineshire.  Its  prominent  portion  is 
from  the  Tay  to  the  fork ;  consists  of 
ridges,  plateaux,  and  isolated  hills,  mostly 
compact  but  occasionally  separated  by 
passes  and  hollows ;  and  has  numerous 
summits  upwards  of  900  feet  high,  but 
none  higher  than  1406  feet. 

SIGHTHILL,  eminence,  7  furlongs  north 
of  Glasgow  Cathedral.  It  rises  to  a 
height  of  nearly  400  feet ;  is  covered,  to 
the  extent  of  12  acres,  by  an  ornate 
cemetery  ;  and  commands  a  view  of  the 
Clyde's  basin  from  Tinto  to  the  Grampians. 
A  Free  church  and  a  railway  goods  station 
are  adjacent. 

SIGHTHILL,  eminence,  formerly  forti- 
fied, in  Muiravonside  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

SILL  YEARN,  wooded  hill  in  Grange 
parish,  Banffshire. 

SILVERBANK,  village  in  west  end  of 
Cambuslang  parish,  Lanarkshire.  Pop. 
479. 


SIL 


41 


2 


SKE 


SILVERBIT,  seat  near  Hawick,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

SILVER  CASTLE,  vestige  of  ancient 
fortification  in  Scone  parish,  Perthshire. 

SILVERMILLS,  old  village,  f  mile  north 
of  Edinburgh  Castle.  It  had  crown  mills, 
erected  in  early  part  of  17th  century,  for 
reducing  silver-ore  brought  from  Linlith- 
gowshire ;  but  it  never  acquired  much 
importance,  and  it  became  engirt  by 
northern  part  of  New  Town,  and  is  now 
nearly  obliterated. 

SILVERMINE,  extensive  limework, 
miles  west-north-west  of  Bathgate,  Lin- 
lithgowshire. 

SILVER-ROCK,  hill  in  Golspie  parish, 
Sutherland. 

SILVERTONHILL,  small  farm,  with  site 
of  ancient  residence  of  branch  of  the 
noble  family  of  Hamilton,  in  Hamilton 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

SILVERWELLS,  farm,  with  spring  long 
regarded  as  powerfully  medicinal,  in 
Turriff  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

SIMBISTER,  fine  modern  seat  in 
Whalsay  Island,  Shetland. 

SIMPRIN,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Swinton,  Berwickshire. 

SINAVEY,  copious  pure  spring  in  Mains 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

SINCLAIR,  bay  and  ruined  castle  in 
"Wick  parish,  Caithness.  The  bay  opens 
on  north  side  of  Noss  Head,  at  4£  miles 
north-east  of  Wick  town  ;  is  nearly  of  half- 
moon  form  on  chord  of  5g  miles ;  lies  so 
open  to  the  ocean  as  to  have  been  some- 
times mistaken  by  mariners  for  east 
entrance  of  Pentland  Firth  ;  and  bears  the 
alternative  names  of  Keiss  Bay  and  Bless 
Bay. — The  castle  stands  adjacent  to 
Girnigoe  Castle,  on  the  bay's  south  shore, 
about  1^  mile  west  of  Noss  Head,  has  a 
grim  appearance,  and  was  a  stronghold  of 
the  Earls  of  Caithness. 

SINCLAIRSTON,  hamlet  in  Ochiltree 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

SINCLAIRTON,  northern  suburb  of 
Kirkcaldy,  Fife.  It  was  founded  in  1766  ; 
it  stands  continuous  with  the  older 
suburb  of  Dunnikier  ;  it  and  that  suburb 
are  reached  from  Kirkcaldy-proper  by  a 
steep  ascent,  and  are  therefore  jointly 
called  Pathhead  ;  and,  besides  sharing  in 
the  institutions  bearing  the  name  of 
Pathhead,  it  has  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  a  chapel-of-ease,  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  of  1881,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  250  scholars. 

SITHCHAILLINN.    See  Schichallion. 
SIX  PLOUGHS,   detached    district  of 
Methlick  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

SIX  TOWNS,  northern  section  of  Birse 
parish,  traversed  by  Birse  burn  and  lying 
along  the  Dee,  in  Aberdeenshire. 

SKA,  islet  adjacent  to  north  end  of 
Unst,  in  Shetland. 
SKAE.    See  Skea. 

SKAILL,  small  bay  near  middle  of  west 
coast  of  Pomona,  Orkney. 

SKAILWICK,  section  of  Westray  Island, 


Orkney.  It  has  a  public  school  with  about 
96  scholars. 

SKARR.    See  Scare. 

SKATERAW,  village  in  Innerwick 
parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

SKATEROW.    See  Sketeaw. 

SKAVAIG.    See  Scavaig, 

SKEA,  hill-range,  promontory,  and 
group  of  skerries  at  south-west  of  Westray 
Island,  Orkney. 

SKEABOST,  hamlet  and  seat  in  Snizort 
parish,  Isle  of  Skye.  The  hamlet  has  a 
post  office  under  Portree,  and  an  inn. 

SKEANASS,  headland  on  east  side  of 
Northmaven  parish,  Shetland. 

SKEEN.    See  Skene. 

SKELBO,  public  school  and  ruined 
ancient  seat  of  Lords  Duffus  on  south  side 
of  Loch  Fleet,  in  Dornoch  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

SKELD,  headland,  two  bays,  and  ancient 
burying-ground  in  Sandsting  parish, 
Shetland. 

SKELDAQUOY,  headland  on  north  side 
of  west  end  of  Holm  Sound,  Orkney. 

SKELDON,  seat  on  the  Doon,  in  Dal- 
rymple  parish,  Ayrshire. 

SKELF,  spire-peaked,  precipitous  hill, 
1745  feet  high,  9  miles  west  of  Hawick, 
Roxburghshire. 

SKELLATER,  seat  in  Strathdon  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

SKELLYTON,  colliery  in  Dalserf  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

SKELMORLIE,  seaside  village  and 
noble  castle  on  north-west  verge  of  Ayr- 
shire. The  village  stands  on  Firth  of 
Clyde,  5  miles  north-by-west  of  Largs  ;  is 
a  recently  erected  watering-place ;  consists 
largely  of  handsome  villas  ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  department, 
under  Greenock,  a  steamboat  pier,  a 
hydropathic  establishment,  and  a  quoad 
sacra  parochial  church.  Pop.  of  village, 
757 ;  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  953. — The 
castle  stands  in  southern  vicinity  of  the 
village,  is  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Eglinton, 
was  erected  partly  in  16th  and  17th  cen- 
turies, partly  in  1858,  and  figures  con- 
spicuously amid  dense  old  woods. 

SKELWICK.    See  Skailwick. 

SKENE,  hamlet  and  parish  in  south-east 
of  Aberdeenshire.  The  hamlet  lies  8  miles 
west-by-north  of  Aberdeen,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  large  public  school. 
— The  parish  measures  6f  miles  by  4^,  and 
comprises  10,246  acres.  Peal  property  in 
1880-81,  £10,846.  Pop.  1787.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven,  lies  within  the  basin  of 
the  Dee,  declines  prevailingly  to  the 
south-east,  and  includes,  on  the  west 
border,  a  lake  about  3  miles  in  circuit, 
serving  as  a  reservoir  for  mills  and  fac- 
tories, and  sending  off  a  rivulet  toward  the 
Dee.  Skene  estate,  with  Skene  House, 
had  in  1880  an  annual  value  of  about 
£2820,  and  was  then  sold  by  the  Earl  of 
Fife  to  Mr.  George  Hamilton.  Other 
seats  are  Easter  Skene  and  Kirkville ; 


SKE 


413 


SKY 


and  chief  antiquities  are  tumuli,  Cale- 
donian stone  circles,  the  line  of  a  Roman 
road,  and  the  site  of  a  mediaeval  watch- 
tower.    A  public  school  is  at  TTesthill. 

SKENE,  lake,  10  miles  north-east  of 
Moffat,  Dumfriesshire.  It  measures  nearly 
a  mile  by  about  £  mile  ;  has  a  surface  ele- 
vation of  about  1000  feet  above  sea-level ; 
is  overhung  by  rugged  lofty  masses  of  the 
Southern  Highlands ;  and  emits  the  stream- 
let which  forms  the  profound  cascade  of 
Grey  Mare's  Tail. 

SKEOCH,  hill,  with  extensive  view,  in 
Tarbolton  parish,  Ayrshire. 

SKEOCH,  moorland  hill,  notable  _  in 
history  of  the  Covenanters,  in  Kirkpatrick- 
Irongray  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

SKEOK,  site  of  ancient  chapel,  1  mile 
north-east  of  Bannockburn,  Stirlingshire. 

SKEOTISVAY,  islet  in  East  Loch  Tarbert, 
between  Harris  and  Lewis-proper,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

SKERNISH,  headland  in  Kilmuir  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

SKERRAY,  hamlet  in  Tongue  parish, 
Sutherland.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Thurso,  and  a  public  school. 

SKERRIES,  each  of  numerous  groups  of 
rocky  islets,  or  insulated  rocks,  off  many 
parts  of  Scottish  coasts,  specially  in  Shet- 
land, Orkney,  and  Hebrides. 

SKERRIES  (OUT).    See  HousiE. 

SKERRINGTON,  mineral-field  near  Kil- 
marnock, Ayrshire. 

SKERROW,  lake  in  Girtkon  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

SKERRYVORE,  insulated  rock,  11  miles 
south-west-by-south  of  southern  extremity 
of  Tyree  Island,  Inner  Hebrides.  It  lies 
within  a  dangerous  reef  about  10  miles 
long,  and  has  a  lighthouse  of  1844,  with 
revolving  light  visible  at  the  distance  of 
18J  nautical  miles.    Pop.  3. 

SKERVUILE,  island  near  southern 
entrance  to  Jura  Sound,  Argyle shire.  It 
has  a  lighthouse  with  revolving  light 
visible  at  the  distance  of  14  nautical 
miles. 

SKETEWEN,  hamlet  near  the  Tay,  be- 
tween Balnaguard  and  Grandtully,  Perth- 
shire. 

SKETRAW,  or  SKATEROW,  fishing 
village,  5  miles  north-north-east  of  Stone- 
haven, Kincardineshire.    Pop.  30S. 

SKEULAN,  well,  held  in  superstitious 
veneration,  in  Aboyne  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

SKIACH,  rivulet,  running  about  8  miles 
north-eastward  to  Cromarty  Firth  near 
Kiltearn  church,  Ross-shire. 

SKIACH,  two  small  lakes,  Skiach  and 
Little  Skiach,  in  Little  Dunkeld  parish, 
Perthshire. 

SKIANID,  village  in  Tongue  parish, 
Sutherland. 

SKIBA,  place,  2\  miles  north  of  Port- 
Charlotte,  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

SKIBBA,  boat  harbour  in  Birsay  parish, 
Orkney. 

SKIBO,  seat  and  hill-ridge  in  Dornoch 


parish,  Sutherland.  The  seat  is  called 
Skibo  Castle  ;  and  an  ancient  edifice  of 
the  same  name  stood  on  or  near  the  site, 
was  the  residence  of  the  Bishops  of 
Sutherland  and  Caithness,  and  was 
demolished  in  last  century. 

SKILMONY,  hill  in  Methlick  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

SKILTIEMUIR,  village  in  Cockpen 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

SKIMMER,  hills  in  Salton  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

SKINFLATS,  village  in  Bothkennar 
parish,  Stirlingshire.    Pop.  395. 

SKINNET,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Halkirk,  Caithness.  Remains  of  its 
church  still  exist. 

SKINSDALE,  rivulet  and  vale,  descend- 
ing about  9  miles  southward  to  the  Brora, 
in  Clyne  parish,  Sutherland. 

SKIPNESS,  headland,  ancient  castle, 
bay,  fishing  village,  and  parish  in  Kintyre, 
Argyleshire.  'The  headland  flanks  south 
side  of  entrance  of  Loch  Fyne,  and  is 
4  miles  north-north-west  of  northern 
extremity  of  Arran.— The  castle  crowns 
the  headland,  forms  an  open  square  of 
450  feet,  and  has  walls  7  feet  thick  and 
35  feet  high,  with  3  small  towers. — The 
bay  lies  immediately  south  of  the  head- 
land, and  receives  a  rivulet  of  5  miles  in 
length  of  course.— The  village  stands  at 
the  bay's  head,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Greenock,  an  inn,  and  a  quay. — The 
parish  is  ancient,  was  annexed  to  Saddell, 
and  is  now  separate  quoad  sacra.  The 
church  and  a  public  school  are  at  Clonaig. 
Pop.  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish,  470. 

SKIPORT,  sea-loch  in  northern  part  of 
east  coast  of  South  Uist  Island,  Outer 
Hebrides.  It  penetrates  about  4  miles 
westward,  is  much  ramified,  includes  good 
harbourage,  and  connects,  at  its  head, 
with  branches  of  a  sea-loch  striking  south- 
westward  from  north-west  coast. 

SKIRLING,  village  and  parish  on  west 
border  of  Peeblesshire.  The  village 
stands  miles  north-east  of  Biggar,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Biggar,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school. — 
The  parish  measures  3|  miles  by  If,  and 
comprises  3423  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £3683.  Pop.  274.  The  sur- 
face lies  at  considerable  elevation  above 
sea-level,  and  is  uneven  and  partly  rolling. 
Skirling  Castle  belonged  to  the  Cockburns, 
became  obnoxious  for  partisanship  with 
Queen  Mary,  and  was  demolished  by 
order  of  the  Regent  Moray. 

SKIRMISHFIELD,  scene  of  fierce  Border 
conflict  in  1526  in  western  vicinity  of 
Melrose,  Roxburghshire. 

SKIRSA,  headland,  3  miles  south  of 
Duncansby  Head,  Caithness. 

SKREEL,  lofty  hill,  with  rich  extensive 
view,  in  Kelton  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

SKYE,  island  and  district  in  west  of 
Inverness-shire.  The  island  is  a  very  pro- 
minent one  of  Inner  Hebrides ;  extends 
from  a  point  opposite  Arasaig  in  Inverness- 


SKY 


414 


SLA 


shire  mainland  to  a  point  opposite  Loch 
Torridon  in  Ross-shire ;  is  separated  from 
Inverness-shire  mainland  by  Sound  of 
Sleat,  from  Eoss-shire  partly  by  mouth  of 
Loch  Alsh,  mainly  by  a  band  of  sea  from  9 
to  17  miles  wide  ;  lies  so  Dear  mainland  as 
to  appear  to  be  interlocked  with  it  in  part 
of  Sound  of  Sleat  and  round  the  mouth  of 
Loch  Alsh ;  has  an  exceedingly  irregular 
outline,  such  as  to  make  it,  in  large  degree, 
an  assemblage  of  peninsulas ;  measures  47 
miles  in  length  from  south-east  to  north- 
west, and  mostly  from  7  to  25  miles  in 
breadth,  but  with  contractions  to  4  miles 
and  less ;  is  so  intersected  by  long  and 
numerous  sea-lochs  as  to  contain  no  point 
farther  than  3J  miles  from  some  shore ; 
presents  to  the  sea  many  bold  high  head- 
lands, and  some  extensive  reaches  of  grand 
lofty  cliff ;  includes  on  its  coasts  and 
within  its  sea-lochs  a  remarkable  amount 
of  very  imposing  scenery  ;  and,  while  com- 
prising some  aggregate  of  arable  plain  and 
large  aggregate  of  pastoral  hill,  consists 
principally  of  bleak  high  moors  and  wild 
lofty  mountains.  The  chief  sea-lochs  are 
Sligachan,  Portree,  Snizort,  Dunvegan, 
Bracadale,  Scavaig,  and  Eishart.  Chief 
ranges  of  coast-cliff  are  northward  from 
mouth  of  Portree,  and  eastward  from  mouth 
of  Loch  Bracadale.  Striking  natural 
features  are  Loch  Staffin  on  north-east 
coast,  the  Quiraing  west  of  Loch  Staffin, 
mountain  screens  around  fresh- water  Lake 
Coruisk  near  head  of  Loch  Scavaig,  and 
Spar  Cave  on  south-east  coast.  Chief 
moiintains  are  the  Storr,  7  miles  north  of 
Portree,  summits  overhanging  Loch  Por- 
tree, and  pre-eminently  the  Cuchullins 
and  Blabhein  to  the  north  of  Loch  Scavaig. 
Streams  are  numerous,  but  all  small,  and 
mostly  subject  to  become  voluminous 
torrents  in  time  of  rains.  The  rocks  form 
a  study  to  geologists,  and  those  of  the 
Cuchullins  are  so  predominantly  syenitic 
and  hypersthenic  as  to  present  a  very  bare 
and  dark  appearance.  Portree  is  the 
capital,  but  would  in  a  lowland  county  be 
regarded  as  only  a  very  small  town ;  and 
the  other  chief  seats  of  population  are 
either  very  small  villages  or  mere  hamlets. 
Principal  antiquities  are  cairns,  pristine 
forts,  watch-towers,  and  mediaeval  castles. 
Pop.  of  the  island,  16,795. — The  district 
comprehends  also  Raasay,  Scalpa,  Rona, 
and  some  smaller  islands,  all  near  Skye. 

SKYREBURN,  brook  and  hamlet  in 
Anwoth  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The 
brook  rises  among  mountains,  runs  about 
5  miles  southward  to  Fleet  Bay,  and  some- 
times swells  into  river  volume. — The 
hamlet  lies  on  the  brook,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Gatehouse. 

SLACK,  burn,  running  from  Bengairn 
Hill  north-north-westward  to  the  Dee  in 
south-western  vicinity  of  Castle-Douglas, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

SLACKHEAD,  place  in  Enzie  quoad 
sacra  parish,  Ban  IT  shire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  113  scholars. 


SLADE,  place,  with  flagstone  quarry,  in 
Carmylie  parish,  Forfarshire. 

SLAGINNAN,  deep  cavern  in  wild  narrow 
glen  near  Duniphail  Castle,  in  Edenkillie 
parish,  Elginshire. 

SLAINS,  parish,  containing  Collieston 
post  office  village,  on  Buchan  coast,  Aber- 
deenshire. It  includes  a  cuneiform  penin- 
sula between  Ythan  river  and  the  sea, 
measures  about  6|  miles  by  4j,  and  com- 
prises 9124  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£6925.  Pop.  1256.  The  coast  is  fully  6 
miles  long ;  about  a  third  of  it  is  sandy 
beach ;  and  the  rest  consists  of  cavernous 
shattered  cliffs  from  170  to  200  feet  high, 
and  includes  a  stalactitic  cave,  and  a  long 
high-arched  cavern.  The  surface  is  re- 
markably diversified,  but  nowhere  hilly. 
Slains  lake  covers  about  70  acres.  The 
chief  residence  is  Leask  House,  and  chief 
antiquities  are  extensive  ruins  of  Old  Slains 
Castle,  and  remains  of  a  mediaeval  chapel. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  Free. 
There  are  3  schools  for  225  scholars,  and  2 
of  them  for  150  are  new. 

SLAINS,  hill  in  Kinneff  parish,  Kin- 

SLAINS  CASTLE,  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Errol  on  brink  of  sea-cliff,  6|  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire. 
It  dates  from  time  of  James  VI.,  was 
mostly  rebuilt  in  1836,  and  commands  a 
very  grand  sea  view  ;  and  it  succeeded  Old 
Slains  Castle,  5^  miles  to  the  south-south- 
west, destroyed  in  1594  by  command  of 
James  VI. 

SLAM,  lake,  overhung  by  Benstomina, 
in  Tongue  parish,  Sutherland. 

SLAMANNAN,  town  and  parish  on 
south-east  border  in  Stirlingshire.  The 
town  stands  5  miles  south-south-west  of 
Falkirk,  and  13  by  railway  west-south- 
west of  Borrowstownness,  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Stirlingshire, 
a  railway  station,  a  banking  office,  Es- 
tablished, Free,  and  Methodist  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  207  scholars. 
Pop.  1644. — The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  of  Binniehill,  Burnrow,  Limerigg, 
and  Southfield.  Its  length  is  6J  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  4J  miles ;  its  area 
7062  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£21,086.  Pop.,  quoad  cirilia,  5850  ; 
quoad  sacra,  6428.  The  Avon  separates 
about  one-third  of  the  area  on  the  north 
from  about  two-thirds  of  the  area  on  the 
south.  The  lands  on  each  side  of  it,  to 
the  width  of  about  a  mile,  are  low  and 
alluvial ;  and  those  farther  off  rise,  in 
undulations  and  ridges,  to  a  maximum 
elevation  of  fully  600  feet.  Coal  and 
ironstone  of  superior  quality  abound,  and 
are  largely  worked.  Chief  seats  are  Bal- 
quhatson  and  Glenellrig.  There  are  6 
schools  for  1029  scholars,  and  3  of  them  for 
695  are  new. 

SLAMANNAN  RAILWAY,  railway,  12J 
miles  long,  from  a  point  in  Muiravonside 
parish,  Stirlingshire,  through  Slamannan 


SLA 


415 


SMA 


parish,  onward  to  a  junction  with  the 
Ballochney.  It  was  opened  in  1840,  but  it 
became  amalgamated  with  the  Monkland 
system,  and  went  through  that  to  the 
North  British. 

SLAP,  farm,  with  well  once  reputed 
sacred,  in  Turriff  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

SLAPIN,  sea-loch,  4  miles  long,  over- 
hung by  Blabhein  Mountain,  on  south 
coast  of  Isle  of  Skye. 

SLATEFORD,  village,  1\  miles  south- 
west of  Edinburgh.  It  stands  on  Water- 
of-Leith  at  near  juxtaposition  of  carriage 
bridge,  canal  aqueduct,  and  railway  via- 
duct, and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Mid-Lothian,  a  railway  station,  a 
United  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  158  scholars.    Pop.  417. 

SLATEFORD,    Forfarshire.     See  Ed- 

ZELL. 

SLATE  ISLANDS,  group,  10  miles  long 
and  2>\  miles  broad,  separated  by  narrow 
straits  from  one  another  and  from  Nether 
Lorn,  Argyleshire.  They  consist  more  or 
less  largely  of  fissile  clay  slate,  include 
extensive  slate  quarries,  and  comprehend 
Luing,  Shuna,  Torsay,  Seil,  Easdale,  and 
Balnahuaigh. 

SLEAT,  parish,  containing  Isle  Oransay 
post  office  village,  in  south-east  end  of 
Skye,  Inverness-shire.  It  is  separated 
from  Inverness-shire  mainland  by  Sleat 
Sound,  21  miles  long  and  from  \  mile  to 
miles  wide ;  includes  a  peninsula  14 
miles  long,  extending  south-westward  to 
termination  in  Sleat  Point ;  and  measures 
21  miles  in  total  length,  and  about  6  miles 
in  greatest  breadth.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £3665.  Pop.  2060.  The  north- 
west border  is  a  high  hill-ridge,  and  much 
of  the  interior  is  low  bleak  moor ;  but  the 
seaboard  of  the  peninsula,  all  round,  is 
low  and  populous.  The  only  mansion  is 
Lord  Macdonald's  seat  of  Armadale ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  two 
old  castles.  The  churches  are  Established 
and  Free.  There  are  5  public  schools  for 
420  scholars,  and  all  are  new. 

SLEDMUIR,  village  in  Kirriemuir  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

SLEISCHILLIS,  ancient  district,  com- 
prising Strathoikell  down  to  Bonar-Bridge, 
on  mutual  border  of  Sutherland  and  Ross- 
shire.  It  was  given  in  12th  century,  by 
the  Earls  of  Sutherland,  to  the  Bishops  of 
Caithness. 

SLEITILL,  lake  in  Reay  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

SLIABHACH,  SLIOCH,  or  SLEUGACH, 

mountain,  3216  feet  high,  overhanging 
north  side  of  upper  part  of  Loch  Maree,  in 
Ross-shire. 

SLIABHGAOIL,  hill,  associated  with 
ancient  legend,  in  Kilcalmonell  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

SLIACH,  battlefield  of  1307,  on  mutual 
border  of  Drumblade  and  Huntly  parishes, 
Aberdeenshire. 


SLICKLY,  burn,  entering  Wester  Lake, 
in  Wick  parish,  Caithness. 

SLIDDRY,  rivulet,  running  to  the  sea, 
in  south-west  of  Arran  Island,  Bute- 
shire. 

SLIGHSHOUSES,  estate  in  Bunkle  par- 
ish, Berwickshire. 

SLIGACHAN,  sea-loch,  hamlet,  and  glen 
in  Isle  of  Skye.  The  loch  opens  opposite 
south  end  of  Raasay  Island,  goes  2>\  miles 
south-westward,  and  has  an  extreme  width 
of  about  \  mile. — The  hamlet  lies  at  the 
loch's  head,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Broadford,  and  a  good  inn. — The  glen 
commences  in  vicinity  of  the  hamlet, 
strikes  5  miles  southward  to  vicinity  of 
Lochs  Coruisk  and  Scavaig,  is  all  narrow 
and  partly  a  gorge,  and  shares  in  the  wild 
alpine  scenery  of  Cuchullin  Mountains. 

SLIN,  lake,  2^  miles  long,  about  1\  miles 
east-south-east  of  Tain,  Ross-shire. 

SLIOCH.    See  Sliabhach. 

SLIPPERFIELD,  notable  smaU  lake, 
surrounded  by  extensive  moor,  in  Linton 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

SLISBEG,  vale  in  Logierait  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

SLITRIG,  rivulet,  running  about  10  miles 
northward  to  the  Teviot  at  Hawick,  Rox- 
burghshire. It  makes  a  descent  of  about 
1000  feet,  rushes  along  a  narrow  hill- 
screened  vale,  descends  often  in  sudden 
strong  freshets,  is  followed  upward  by  the 
North  British  branch  railway  toward  Car- 
lisle, and  abounds  in  associations  with 
legendary  stories. 

SLOCH-A-CHORRY,  coast  cavern  at 
Tighary  Point,  near  parochial  church,  in 
North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  has  a 
vertical  aperture  about  12  feet  wide,  and 
it  discharges  thence,  in  times  of  storm,  a 
vast  and  very  lofty  jet-d'eau. 

SLOCHD  -  A  -  MHADAIDH,  coast  tunnel 
in  Kilmuir  parish,  Isle  of  Skye.  It  com- 
mences in  a  natural  arch,  swept  by  the 
sea  ;  contains  thence  a  circular  pool,  open 
to  the  sky ;  and  curves  thence,  in  contracted 
breadth  and  height,  some  hundred  yards 
backward  to  the  shore. 

SLOCHMUICHT,  wild  perilous  pass 
through  Monadhleadh  Mountains,  between 
Freeburn  and  Duthill,  Inverness-shire. 

SLOCH  OF  DESS.    See  Dess. 

SLOHABERT,  village  in  Kirkinner  par- 
ish, Wigtonshire. 

SLOY,  lake  in  Glensloy  at  base  of  Ben- 
voirlich,  4  miles  south-west  of  head  of 
Loch  Lomond,  Dumbartonshire.  The  clan 
Macfarlane  took  their  war-cry  from  it, 
« Loch  Sloy  !  Loch  Sloy  ! ' 

SLUGS  OF  ACHRANNIE.    See  Achran- 

NIE. 

SLUIE,  fine  vale  in  Edenkillie  parish, 
Elginshire. 

SLUIE,  promontory  in  Dyke  parish, 
north-west  corner  of  Elginshire. 

SMADDY,  lake  in  Crossmichael  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

SMAILHOLM,  village  and  parish  on 
north  border  of  Roxburghshire.    The  vil- 


SMA 


416 


SOA 


lage  stands  6  miles  west-north-west  of 
Kelso,  is  ancient  and  straggling,  consists 
of  three  sections,  East-Third,  West-Third, 
and  Overtown,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Kelso,  a  parochial  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  82  scholars. — The  par- 
ish measures  4^  miles  by  2|,  and  comprises 
4194  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£6192.  Pop.  446.  The  surface  exhibits 
variety  of  flat  and  rising-ground,  and  is 
nowhere  higher  than  about  500  feet  above 
sea-level.  Smailholm  Tower  is  a  large 
Border  keep,  was  erected  in  1535,  is 
visible  at  a  great  distance,  and  stands  on 
Sandyknowe  farm,  where  Sir  "Walter 
Scott  spent  part  of  his  boyhood. 

SMALL  GLEN.  See  Almond,  Perth- 
shire. 

SMALLHOLM,  one  of  the  villages  called 
Four  Towns  in  Lochmaben  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

SMALL  ISLES,  parish,  comprising  Eigg, 
Rum,  Canna,  and  Muck,  in  Inner 
Hebrides.  Eigg  belongs  to  Inverness- 
shire,  the  other  islands  to  Argyleshire. 
Real  property  in  1880-81  of  Eigg,  £1077 ; 
of  the  other  islands,  £3259.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  541.  The  churches  are  Es- 
tablished and  Roman  Catholic ;  and 
there  are  2  schools  with  accommodation 
for  78  scholars. 

SMALL  ISLES,  harbour,  sheltered  by 
islets,  3  miles  north  of  south  -  eastern 
extremity  of  Jura  Island,  Argyleshire. 

SMEATON,  seat  of  Sir  Thomas  P>. 
Hepburn,  Bart.,  1  mile  north  of  East 
Linton,  Haddingtonshire. 

SMEATON,  station  on  Macmerry  Rail- 
way, near  boundary  between  Haddington- 
shire and  Edinburghshire. 

SMIRSIRI,  headland  at  mouth  of  Loch- 
na-Nua,  Inverness-shire. 

SMITHSTONE,  seat  in  Tarbolton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

SMITHSTOWN  -  ROW,  village  in  Cum- 
bernauld parish,  Dumbartonshire.  Pop. 
420. 

SMITHTOWN,  village  in  Inverness 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

SMITHYHAUGH,  village  on  Ruthven 
rivulet,  2-g  miles  east  of  Auchterarder, 
Perthshire. 

SMOO,  limestone  cavern  at  head  of 
narrow  sea-inlet,  3  miles  west  of  mouth 
of  Loch  Eriboll,  in  Sutherland.  It  enters 
by  a  grand  Gothic-like  arch,  53  feet  high ; 
penetrates  about  200  feet  with  width  of 
about  110  feet,  a  vaulted  roof,  and  cupolar 
aperture  to  the  open  air ;  proceeds  side- 
ward 70  feet  by  30,  with  high-arched  roof 
and  vertical  aperture ;  receives  then  a 
cascade  of  80  feet  in  leap  by  an  inflowing 
burn ;  and  extends  farther  about  120 
feet  by  8,  with  height  of  from  12  feet 
to  40. 

SMOUDIE,  fine  cascades  on  lowmost 
reach  of  Leven  river,  on  boundary  between 
Argyleshire  and  Inverness-shire. 

SMYLLUM,  seat,  \  mile  south-east  of 
Lanark. 


SNAB,  coal  -  field  in  Borrowstownness 
parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

SNADON,  hill  in  St.  Cyrus  parish,  Kin- 
cardineshire. 

SNAIGOW,  seat  in  Caputh  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

SNALDA,  inaccessible  insulated  colum- 
nar rock,  at  least  60  feet  high,  off  "Walls 
coast,  Shetland. 

SNAMABHAL,  lake  and  mountain  in 
Uig  parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SNAP,  headland  in  south-east  of  Fetlar 
Island,  Shetland. 

SNAR,  rivulet,  rising  in  vicinity  of 
Leadhills,  and  traversing  a  mountain  glen 
about  7  miles  northward  to  Duneaton 
river,  Lanarkshire.  A  lead-mine  and  the 
site  of  a  Border  peel-tower  are  on  its 
banks. 

SNAWBURGH,  place,  with  ancient  camp 
alleged  to  be  Roman,  on  Fetlar  Island, 
Shetland. 

SNELSETTER,  seat  in  Walls  parish, 
Orkney. 

SNICKERTKNEES,  hill  in  Wandell 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

SNIPE,  lake  in  Dalrymple  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

SNIZORT,  sea-loch,  hamlet,  and  parish 
in  Isle  of  Skye.  The  loch  enters  between 
Dunlea  and  Vaternish  points  on  north- 
west coast,  is  there  8  miles  wide,  pene- 
trates 13  miles  south  -  south  -  eastward, 
sends  off  several  ramifications,  contracts 
toward  the  head  to  the  width  of  a  few 
furlongs,  has  picturesque  shores,  and 
receives,  near  its  head,  the  rivulet  Snizort, 
running  9  miles  to  it  from  the  south. — The 
hamlet  lies  at  the  loch's  head,  6  miles 
north-west  of  Portree,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Portree,  an  inn,  and  Established  and 
Free  churches. — The  parish  contains  also 
the  post  office  village  of  Uig,  and  measures 
12  miles  by  6.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£5777.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2120;  quoad 
sacra,  2103.  The  coast,  at  heads  of  the 
bays  Or  ramifications  of  Loch  Snizort,  is 
low  and  sandy,  but  elsewhere  is  bold  and 
rocky.  The  interior  includes  three  vales, 
consists  chiefly  of  pastoral  or  heathy 
hills,  and  contains  the  pinnacled  con- 
spicuous Storr  Mountain,  2343  feet  high. 
Cairns,  tumuli,  and  Caledonian  stone 
circles  are  in  several  places.  A  sub- 
parochial  church  is  at  Uig ;  and  public 
schools  are  at  Bernisdale  and  Kensa- 
leyre. 

SNOASIMIL,  islet  in  Vatersay  Sound, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

SNOOK,  barony,  with  remains  of  fortifi- 
cation, in  Coldstream  parish,  Berwick- 
shire. 

SNUCK,  headland  near  middle  of  west 
coast  of  Hoy,  Orkney. 

SOA,  islet  near  St.  Kilda,  Outer  Heb- 
rides. 

SOAY,  island  in  mouth  of  Loch  Scavaig, 
Isle  of  Skye.  It  measures  3  miles  by  2|, 
has  bold  cliffy  shores,  is  nearly  bisected 
by  two  bays,  and  rises  from  low  ground 


SOA 


417 


SOR 


to  elevation  of  more  than  500  feet.  Pop. 
102. 

SOAY,  islet  near  mouth  of  Loch  Inver, 
west  coast  of  Sutherland. 

SOAY,  small  island  near  soutn  end  of 
Iona,  Argyleshire. 

SOAY,  two  islets,  Little  and  Meikle,  in 
mouth  of  W.  Loch  Tarbert,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SOCCACHMAAM,  lofty  mountain  in 
Kintail  parish,  Eoss-shire. 

SOCCOCH,  lofty  hills  on  mutual  border  of 
Leochel  and  Towie  parishes,  Aberdeenshire. 

SOLEBURN,  bay  in  Loch  Ryan,  3  miles 
north  of  Stranraer,  Wigtonshire. 

SOLLAS,  place,  with  post  office  under 
Lochmaddy,  Outer  Hebrides. 

SOLWAY,  firth,  entered  at  its  head  by 
rivers  Sark,  Esk,  and  Eden,  and  extend- 
ing westward  and  south-westward,  between 
Scotland  and  England,  to  the  Irish  Sea. 
Its  length  is  about  33  miles ;  its  breadth, 
over  the  first  12  miles,  averages  about  2^ 
miles,  and  afterwards  increases  to  about 
19  ;  and  its  coast,  on  the  Scottish  side,  is 
modified  by  entrance  of  rivers  Annan, 
Nith,  Urr,  and  Dee.  Its  tidal  ebb  leaves 
all  its  upper  reaches,  except  the  ruts  of 
streams,  so  bare  as  to  be  a  sheer  sandy 
expanse  ;  and  its  tidal  flow  begins  with  a 
breast  of  waters  from  3  to  6  feet  high,  and 
runs,  in  spring  tides,  at  the  rate  of  from  8 
to  10  miles  per  hour.  An  earldom  of 
Solway  was  created  in  favour  of  a  branch 
of  the  Douglas  family  in  1706,  merged  into 
the  dukedom  of  Queensberry  in  1711,  and 
became  extinct  in  1778. 

SOLWAY  BANK,  seat  in  Half-Morton 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

SOLWAY  JUNCTION  RAILWAY,  rail- 
way, 25|  miles  long,  from  the  Caledonian 
near  Kirtlebridge  south-south-westward 
to  Annan,  and  thence  southward  across 
Solway  Firth  to  Brayton  station  of  Mary- 
port  and  Carlisle  Railway  in  Cumberland. 
It  was  authorized  in  1864  on  a  capital  of 
£320,000  in  shares  and  £106,600  in  loans, 
was  opened  in  1869,  and  became  amalga- 
mated with  the  Caledonian  in  1873.  Its 
communication  across  the  firth  commences 
at  1J  mile  south-south-east  of  Annan ; 
extends  2544  yards  in  straight  line ;  con- 
sists of  embankment  over  594  yards,  and 
of  grand  iron  viaduct  over  1950  yards  ; 
and  commands,  from  the  viaduct,  a  splen- 
did view,  sky -lined  by  Hartfell  Mountains, 
Criffel,  and  Skiddaw.  The  viaduct  was 
severely  damaged  by  storm  in  February 
1881 ;  suffered  overthrow  near  its  south 
end  to  the  extent  of  almost  £  mile ;  was 
much  shaken  also  in  the  centre  and  near  the 
north  end ;  looked,  for  a  time,  as  if  it  would 
be  totally  destroyed ;  and  was  proposed, 
by  bill  in  July  1882,  to  be  reconstructed. 

SOMMER,  high  moor,  formerly  crowned 
with  group  of  ancient  tumuli,  and  now 
covered  with  plantation,  in  Bonhill  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

SOMMERLEE.    See  Summeelee. 
SOMMERVILLE,  barony,  with  ruined 
ancient    castle,    in    Carnwath  parish, 


Lanarkshire.  It  gave  the  peerage  title  of 
baron  from  1430  till  1870  to  a  family  of 
its  own  name ;  and  its  castle  was  much 
frequented  by  King  James  VI. 

SONACHAN,  seat  and  hotel  on  Loch 
Awe  near  Port  Sonachan,  Argyleshire. 

SOONHOPE,  vale  traversed  by  burn  4 
miles  southward  to  the  Tweed  at  about  a 
mile  east  of  Peebles. 

SORBIE,  village  and  parish  on  south-east 
coast  of  Wigtonshire.  The  village  stands 
6|;  miles  south  of  Wigton,  was  founded  in 
latter  part  of  last  century,  and  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Wigtonshire,  a  railway 
station,  and  a  parochial  church  of  1877. — 
The  parish  contains  also  Garlieston  village, 
measures  6|  miles  by  3,  and  comprises 
9611  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£16,065.  Pop.  1696.  The  coast  has  an 
extent  of  about  4  miles,  and  is  partly 
sandy  and  flat,  partly  rocky  and  bold. 
The  interior  is  finely  diversified  by  hillocks 
and  small  vales,  and  presents,  in  many 
parts,  a  charming  appearance.  The 
western  border  includes  part  of  Dowalton 
lake.  A  chief  feature  is  the  Earl  of 
Galloway's  seat  of  Galloway  House ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  the  ruined  strong 
baronial  fortalice  of  Sorbie  Place,  and 
remains  of  the  strong  ancient  noble  resi- 
dence of  Cruggleton  Castle.  Free  and 
Congregational  churches  are  in  Garlieston. 
Two  schools  for  326  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  1  of  them  for  160  is  new. 

SORBIES,  section  of  Portpatrick  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

SORN,  village  and  parish  in  north  of 
Kyle,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands  on 
Ayr  river,  4  miles  east  of  Mauchline,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Mauchline,  a 
parochial  church  with  611  sittings,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  200  scholars. 
— The  parish  contains  also  Catrine  town, 
measures  about  65  miles  in  both  length 
and  breadth,  and  comprises  19,195  acres. 
Real  property  in  1879-80,  £20,206. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  4255;  quoad  sacra, 
1617.  The  surface  rises  to  an  al- 
titude of  1540  in  the  east,  declines 
toward  the  west,  and  exhibits  much 
diversity  of  moorland,  hill,  rising-ground, 
vale,  and  haugh.  The  rocks  include  coal, 
ironstone,  limestone,  and  sandstone. 
Sorn  Castle  is  a  modernized  very  ancient 
edifice,  crowns  a  rock  overhanging  Ayr 
river,  belonged  successively  to  the  Earls 
of  Linton  and  the  Earls  of  Loudoun,  and 
was  occupied  by  Government  forces  for 
overawing  the  Covenanters.  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbytei'ian,  and  Evangelical 
Union  churches  are  in  Catrine.  Four  schools 
for  762  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of 
them  and  an  enlargement  for  255  are  new. 

SORNE,  headland  in  north  of  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

SORNHILL,  village  in  Riccarton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

SORRYSIKEMUIR,  tract,  with  site  of 
large  ancient  sepulchral  tumulus,  in  St. 
Mungo  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

2d 


sou 


418 


SPE 


SOULSEAT.    See  Saulseat. 

SOURIN,  hamlet  in  Rousay  Island, 
Orkney.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Eousay, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  94  scholars. 

SOUTHANNAN,  estate,  with  ruined 
mansion  of  time  of  James  VI.,  in  West 
Kilbride  parish,  Ayrshire. 

SOUTHBARR,  seat  in  Inchinnan  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

SOUTH  BRAE,  western  section  of  Campsie 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

SOUTH  CHURCH.  See  Paisley  and 
Greenock. 

SOUTHDEAN,  parish,  with  church  7 
miles  south-south-west  of  Jedburgh,  Rox- 
burghshire. It  has  a  post  office  under 
Hawick.  Its  length  is  9f  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  6|  miles ;  its  area  27,880  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £11, 507.  Pop. ,  quoad 
civilia,  724  ;  quoad  sacra,  641.  The  surface 
extends  from  watershed  of  the  Cheviots 
to  within  2J  miles  of  Jedburgh,  and  is 
mostly  drained  by  Jed  river.  The  southern 
section  is  mountainous,  and  has  summits 
from  1802  to  1964  feet  high.  The 
northern  section  also  contains  much  upland, 
but  has  about  3000  acres  in  tillage,  and 
about  500  under  wood.  The  seats  are 
Wolflee,  Abbotrule,  and  Glendouglas ; 
and  the  antiquities  are  sites  of  cairns  and 
ancient  camps,  and  ruins  of  peel  towers. 
A  Free  church  is  at  "Wolflee,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  82  scholars  is  near  the 
parochial  church. 

SOUTHEND,  parish,  comprehending 
southern  extremity  of  Kintyre  and  neigh- 
bouring islands  of  Sanda  and  Sheep,  in 
Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Campbelton.  Its  length  is  11  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  5  miles  ;  its  area  30,801 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £14,168. 
Pop.  955.  The  mainland  coast  measures 
about  19  miles  ;  is  chiefly  sandy  in  the 
east,  but  rocky,  bold,  and  high  in  the 
south-west  and  west ;  includes  Mull  of 
Kintyre ;  and,  especially  at  Keil  and 
Dunaverty,  abounds  with  caves.  The 
interior  contains  the  conspicuous  mountain 
of  Knockmoy,  and  exhibits  elsewhere  much 
diversity  of  hills,  rising-grounds,  hollows, 
and  vales.  Chief  residences  are  Ballyshear, 
Keil,  Carskey,  and  Levenstrath ;  and  chief 
antiquities  are  obelisks,  Scandinavian  forts, 
vestiges  of  Dunaverty  Castle,  and  ruins  or 
traces  of  three  ancient  churches.  The  pre- 
sent churches  are  Established  and  United 
Presbyterian ;  and  there  are  2  schools 
with  accommodation  for  148  scholars. 

SOUTHEND,  curious  natural  harbour, 
with  sides,  quay,  and  breakwater,  near  Lag, 
on  south  coast  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

SOUTHERN  HIGHLANDS,  broad  band  of 
hills  and  mountains,  extending  west-south- 
westward  from  coast  of  Berwickshire 
around  St.  Abb's  Head  to  coast  of  Ayr- 
shire opposite  Ailsa  Craig.  They  stand 
partly  in  ranges,  but  chiefly  in  groups  ; 
they  have,  in  their  middle  parts,  many 
summits  from  2000  to  2651  feet  high  ;  and 
they  are  so  far  compact  as  to  be  divided 


by  only  three  lines  of  railway  or  good  road 
communication  through  them,  traced  by 
Gala,  Evan,  and  Nith  rivers. 

SOUTH  ESK,  etc.    See  Esk,  etc. 

SOUTHFIELD,  seat  in  Liberton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

SOUTHFIELD,  seat  in  Mearns  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

SOUTHFIELD,  seat  in  Auchtermuchty 
parish,  Fife. 

SOUTHFIELD,  seat,  converted  into  farm- 
house, in  Gladsmuir  parish,  Haddington- 
shire. 

SOUTHFIELD,  village  in  Lesmahagow 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  467. 

SOUTHFIELD,  village  in  Dairy  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

SOUTHFIELD,  village  in  Slamannan 
parish,  Stirlingshire.    Pop.  340. 

SOUTHFIELD,  small  modern  suburb  of 
Stirling,  partly  on  scene  of  skirmish  on 
eve  of  famous  battle  of  Bannockburn. 

SOUTHHALL,  seat,  Free  church,  and 
public  school  on  Kyles  of  Bute,  about  a 
mile  west  of  mouth  of  Loch  Striven, 
Argyleshire. 

SOUTHMUIR,  section  or  suburb  of 
Kirriemuir,  Forfarshire.    Pop.  1453. 

SOUTH  RONALDSHAY,  etc.    See  Ron- 

ALDSHAY,  etc. 

SOUTHWICK,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Colvend,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Dumfries,  and  a  railway 
station  at  7f  miles  east  of  Castle-Douglas. 

SOUTRA,  ancient  parish  in  Haddington- 
shire, now  united  to  contiguous  parish  of 
Fala  in  Edinburghshire.  Soutra  Hill, 
1209  feet  high,  at  2  miles  south-east  of 
Fala  village,  commands  a  splendid  view 
over  the  Lothians  and  Fife,  and  had 
anciently  a  village  with  famous  hospital 
founded  by  Malcolm  IV. 

SOY,  quondam  lake  adjacent  to  Portsoy, 
in  Banffshire.  It  gave  name  to  Portsoy, 
but  has  been  reduced  to  the  limits  of  a 
mill  pond. 

SOYA,  island  off  mouth  of  Loch  Inver, 
at  south-west  corner  of  Sutherland. 

SPALANDER,  lake  in  Kirkmichael  par- 
ish, Ayrshire. 

SPAN60,  upland  stream,  running  about 
6  miles  eastward  to  the  Crawick  at  5 
miles  north-by-east  of  Sanquhar,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

SPAR  CAVE,  notable  stalactitic  cavern 
on  west  side  of  Loch  Slapin,  Isle  of  Skye. 

SPARTLEDOWN,  lofty  summit  of  Lam- 
mermoors,  9  miles  south  of  Dunbar,  Had- 
dingtonshire. 

SPEAN,  river,  running  about  20  miles, 
chiefly  west-south-westward,  from  Loch 
Laggan  to  the  Lochy,  in  Great  Glen, 
Inverness-shire.  Its  basin  is  alpine,  has 
Glenspean  along  its  middle,  and  includes 
Glenroy  and  Glentreig  in  its  flanks. 

SPEAN-BRIDGE,  hamlet  on  Spean  river, 
10  miles  from  Fort-William,  Inverness- 
shire.  It  has  a  post  office  designated  of 
Inverness-shire,  and  a  hotel. 

SPEDDOCH,  hamlet,  with  mill  and  pub- 


SPE 


419 


SPR 


lie  school,  on  Cluden  river,  in  Holywood 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

SPEDLIN,  strong,  turreted,  ancient 
tower  on  Annan  river,  opposite  Jardine 
Hall,  miles  north-by-east  of  Loch- 
maben,  Dumfriesshire. 

SPELVIE,  sea-loch  on  east  side  of  Mull 
Island,  Argyleshire.  It  opens  opposite 
south  side  of  Kerrera,  goes  6  miles  west- 
north- west  ward,  is  narrow  in  the  mouth, 
but  about  1^  mile  wide  in  the  middle,  and 
has  flanks  ranging  from  low  to  alpine. 

SPEY,  largest  river,  except  the  Tay,  in 
Scotland.  It  issues  from  small  lake  of  its 
own  name  10  miles  geographically  south- 
east of  Fort- Augustus  in  Inverness-shire  ; 
runs  about  82  miles,  chiefly  north-eastward, 
mostly  in  Inverness-shire,  partly  in  Elgin- 
shire, partly  on  boundary  between  Elgin- 
shire and  Banffshire,  to  Moray  Firth  at 
Garmouth ;  has  principally  a  very  moun- 
tainous basin,  with  great  diversity  of  con- 
tour ;  runs  generally  in  very  rapid  current, 
subject  to  sudden  and  voluminous  freshets ; 
gives  the  name  of  Strathspey  to  a  long 
glen  of  its  upper  and  middle  reaches  ;  and 
is  distinguished,  next  to  the  Tweed  and 
the  Tay,  for  salmon  fisheries. 

SPEYMOUTH,  paiish  on  left  side  of 
lowmost  reach  of  the  Spey,  adjacent  to 
Garmouth  post  office  village,  in  Elginshire. 
Its  length  is  6J  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
2  miles;  its  area  6025  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £6545.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  656 ;  quoad  sacra,  1608.  The  sur- 
face presents  a  steep  bank,  averagely  about 
45  feet  high,  to  the  Spey,  and  includes  a 
small  steep  hill,  but  is  elsewhere  almost  all 
a  continuous  plain.  There  are  5  schools  for 
445  scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  230  is  new. 

SPINNINGDALE,  village,  4  miles  east  of 
Bonar-Bridge,  on  south  verge  of  Sutherland. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Dornoch,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  99  scholars. 

SPITTAL,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Crailing,  Roxburghshire. 

SPITTAL,  place,  with  site  of  ancient 
hospital,  in  north-east  of  Cavers  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

SPITTAL,  seat  in  Hutton  parish,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

SPITTAL,  hamlet  in  Halkirk  parish, 
Caithness.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Wick,  and  a  public  school  with  about  84 
scholars. 

SPITTAL,  estate  in  northern  vicinity  of 
Aberdeen. 

SPITTAL,  burn,  running  6  miles  south- 
westward  to  Firth  of  Forth,  in  Dunferm- 
line parish,  Fife. 

SPITTAL,  site  of  ancient  hospital,  2 
miles  east  of  Cambuslang,  Lanarkshire. 

SPITTALFIELD,  village  in  Caputh  par- 
ish, Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Dunkeld,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
108  scholars. 

SPITTAL  OF  GLENSHEE,  place,  with 
hotel,  on  Highland  road,  23  miles  north  of 
Blairgowrie,  Perthshire. 

SPITTLEHAUGH,  se#  of  Sir  James  R. 


Fergusson,  Bart.,  in  Linton  parish,  Peebles- 
shire. 

SPITTLEHOPE,  burn,  running  southward 
to  the  Tweed  at  2\  miles  east-south-east 
of  Peebles. 

SPOTT,  village  and  parish  in  east  of 
Haddingtonshire.  The  village  stands  on 
Spott  or  Broxburn  rivulet,  1\  miles  south 
of  Dunbar,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Dunbar,  a  parochial  church,  and  a  public 
school  with  capacity  for  58  scholars. — The 
parish  consists  of  two  sections  2^  miles 
asunder ;  extends  from  about  1|  mile 
north  of  the  village  to  watershed  of  the 
Lammermoors  ;  measures,  inclusive  of  the 
intersection,  9J  miles  by  3  ;  and  comprises 
7583  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£7076.  Pop.  579.  The  northern  and 
greatly  larger  section  includes  Doon  Hill 
and  some  other  eminences,  but  is  mostly 
low  and  undulated ;  and  the  southern 
consists  wholly  of  part  of  the  Lammer- 
moors. Doon  Hill  was  the  place  of 
General  Leslie's  camp  at  the  battle  of 
Dunbar.  Chief  residences  are  Spott  House 
and  Bowerhouses ;  and  a  chief  antiquity 
is  vestige  of  a  Roman  or  Danish  camp. 

SPOTTISWOODE,  seat  in  Westruther 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

SPOTTSHALL,  seat  on  Urr  river,  4 
•miles  north-east  of  Castle-Douglas,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

SPOUTING  CAVE,  cave  on  west  coast 
of  Iona  Island,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a 
vertical  aperture,  and  it  projects  thence 
a  lofty  jet-d'eau  at  high-water  in  stormy 
weather. 

SPOUT-OF-BALLAGAN,  leap  of  70  feet 
in  upper  part  of  Blane  river,  Stirlingshire. 

SPOUT- OF-GARNOCK,  fine  cataract  in 
upper  part  of  Garnock  river,  Ayrshire. 

SPOUT-ROLLA,  waterfall  on  upper 
part  of  Lednock  rivulet,  Perthshire. 

SPRINGBANK,  northern  suburb  of 
Glasgow.  It  has  a  United  Presbyterian 
church  and  a  large  public  school. 

SPRINGBANK,  village  in  East  Kilbride 
parish,  Lanai-kshire. 

SPRINGBANK,  place,  with  United 
Presbyterian  church,  near  Ay  ton,  in 
Berwickshire. 

SPRINGBANK,  seat  on  the  Clyde  in 
eastern  outskirts  of  Glasgow. 

SPRINGBURN,  town  and  quoad  omnia 
parish  in  lower  ward  of  Lanarkshire. 
The  town  stands  nominally  1^  mile  north- 
east of  GlasgoAv,  includes  a  portion  within 
Maryhill  parish,  presents  a  good  aud 
prosperous  appearance,  and  has  a  post 
office  with  money  -order  and  telegraph 
departments  under  Glasgow,  Established 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a 
large  Roman  Catholic  church  founded  in 
November  1881.  Pop.  5911.— The  parish 
was  constituted  in  1854,  extends  from 
Duke  Street  of  Glasgow  northward  to 
boundary  with  Cadder,  comprises  1901 
acres,  and  includes  Cowlairs  village,  part 
of  Hogganfield  village,  and  part  of  Glasgow 
burgh.    Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  20,987.  A 


SPR 


420 


STA 


chapel-of-ease  and  a  large  industrial  school 
are  at  Hogganfield ;  and  other  places  of 
worship  and  large  schools  are  in  the  part 
within  Glasgow  burgh. 

SPRINGFIELD,  village  on  Eden  river, 
2  miles  west-south-west  of  Cupar,  Fife. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Cupar,  a  railway 
station,  and  a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church. 
Pop.  of  village,  931 ;  of  quoad  sacra  parish, 
1480.    Springfield  House  is  adjacent. 

SPRINGFIELD,  village  on  Sark  rivulet 
at  boundary  with  England,  9  miles  east  of 
Annan,  Dumfriesshire.  It  was  founded 
in  1791,  and  became  the  place  of  the 
Gretna  irregular  marriages.    Pop.  200. 

SPRINGFIELD,  place,  with  paper-mills 
on  North  Esk  river,  1^  mile  south- 
south-west  of  Lasswade,  Edinburghshire. 
Springfield  House  is  adjacent. 

SPRINGFIELD,  part  of  Larkfield,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

SPRINGFIELD,  seat  in  Cadder  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

SPRINGFIELD,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

SPRINGFIELD,  ruined  old  castle  in 
Scone  parish,  Perthshire. 

SPRINGHILL,  seat  in  Newhills  parish, 
Aberdeensbire. 

SPRINGHILL,  estate  in  Douglas  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

SPRINGHOLM,  village  on  mutual 
border  of  Urr  and  Kirkpatrick-Durham 
parishes,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Dalbeattie,  and  a  public 
school.    Pop.  223. 

SPRINGKELL,  seat  of  Sir  John  H. 
Maxwell,  Bart.,  4£  miles  east  of  Eccle- 
fechan,  Dumfriesshire. 

SPRINGVALE,  north-eastern  suburb  of 
Glasgow. 

SPRINGWELL,  suburb  of  Stonefield, 
Lanarkshire.    Pop.  693. 

SPRINGWOOD,  seat  of  Sir  George  H.  S. 
Douglas,  Bart.,  on  the  Teviot,  1J  mile 
south-south-west  of  Kelso,  Roxburghshire. 

SPROUSTON,  village  and  parish  in 
extreme  north-east  of  Roxburghshire. 
The  village  stands  near  right  bank  of  the 
Tweed,  2^  miles  east-north-east  of  Kelso, 
was  once  a  considerable  town,  suffered 
much  devastation  from  the  English,  pre- 
sents now  a  semi-rural  appearance,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Kelso,  a  railway 
station,  a  parochial  church  with  420 
sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  about  64 
scholars. — The  parish  contains  also  Lempit- 
law  hamlet,  measures  4^  miles  by  3|,  and 
comprises  8635  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £16,286.  Pop.  1026.  The  northern 
district  lies  along  the  Tweed,  and  is  low  and 
fertile  ;  and  the  southern  district  includes 
two  ridgy  swells,  with  intermediate  vale. 
A  Free  church  of  Sprouston  is  in  Kelso, 
and  4  schools,  with  accommodation  for 
290  scholars,  are  in  the  parish. 

SPURNESS,  headland  at  southern  ex- 
tremity of  Sanday  Island,  Orkney. 

SPUTBAAN,  cascade  on  river  Lyon  at 
mouth  of  Glenlyon,  Perthshire. 


SPYLAW,  estate  in  Colinton  parish, 
E  dinburghshire. 

SPYNIE,  ancient  parish,  with  quondam 
episcopal  palace  and  cathedral  church,  1^ 
mile  north-north-east  of  Elgin.  It  took 
its  name  from  a  lake,  3  miles  long,  which 
has  been  entirely  drained ;  and  it  gave  the 
peerage  title  of  baron  from  1590  till  1672 
to  the  family  of  Lindsay.  The  palace  was 
a  magnificent  edifice,  forming  a  quadrangle 
of  about  120  feet,  with  strong  towers  at 
the  corners,  and  it  still  exists  in  a  state  of 
haggard  ruin.  A  new  church,  in  lieu  of 
the  cathedral,  was  erected  on'  a  widely 
different  site  in  1736,  and  occasioned  the 
parish  to  be  thenceforth  called  New  Spynie. 

SPYNIE  (NEW),  parish,  containing 
Bishopmill  suburb  of  Elgin.  It  measures 
about  4  miles  by  2,  and  comprises  5956 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £5432. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1626 ;  quoad  sacra,  544. 
Part  of  bed  of  quondam  Spynie  lake  is  on  the 
northern  border,  and  a  ridge  3  miles  long, 
rising  into  considerable  hill,  and  mostly 
covered  with  wood,  extends  along  the 
middle.  The  parochial  church  stands  fully 
2  miles  north-west  of  Elgin.  There  are  3 
schools  with  accommodation  for  208  scholars. 

SPYONBEG  and  SPYONMORE,  hills, 
1155  and  1455  feet  high,  on  north-east 
coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

SQUARETOWN,  hamlet  in  Newton  par- 
ish, Edinburghshire. 

SRONFERNAN,  village  on  Loch  Tay,  3 
miles  west-by-south  of  Kenmore,  Perthshire. 

STABLESTONE,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Douglas  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

STACK,  fine  lake,  3  miles  long,  and 
mountain,  2364  feet  high,  overhanging  that 
lake,  in  Edderachyllis  parish,  Sutherland. 

STACK,  mountain,  overhanging  west 
side  of  Loch  Eck,  in  Cowal,  Argyleshire. 

STACK,  rocky  islet,  famous  for  seals,  31 
miles  north  of  Whiten  Head,  in  Sutherland. 

STACK-A-CHLO,  insulated  pillar-rock, 
about  200  feet  high,  near  the  coast,  2| 
miles  east-south-east  of  Cape  Wrath,  in 
Sutherland. 

STACKS,  two  insulated  tower-like  rocks 
near  Duncansby  Head,  in  Caithness. 

STACKS,  insulated  rocks,  the  chief  one 
a  huge  tower-like  perforated  mass,  and  all 
swarming  with  sea-fowl,  near  mouth  of 
Wick  Bay,  Caithness. 

STAFFA,  famous  basaltic  island,  4J 
miles  west-by-north  of  nearest  part  of 
Gribon  promontory,  and  57  miles  by 
steamer's  course  west  of  Oban,  in  Argyle- 
shire. It  has  an  irregularly  oval  outline, 
measures  about  1|  mile  in  circuit,  and 
rises  to  a  height  of  129  feet  above  high- 
water  level.  It  lies  on  a  basement  of  con- 
glomerated trap";  projects  thence  a  small 
rough  landing-place,  and  a  small  basaltic 
inclined  plane ;  nearly  adjoins  an  islet  of 
similar  structure  to  its  own ;  ascends  in 
vertical  columnar  cliffs  to  near  its  summit; 
is  pierced  with  grand  basaltic  caves ;  and 
terminates  in  an  uneven  plateau  of  amor- 
phous rock.    Its  objects  of  chief  interest, 


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named  in  order  from  the  landing-place, 
are  the  Buachaille  or  Herdsman,  a  conoidal 
islet  about  30  feet  high,  faced  with  basal- 
tic columns  seeming  to  be  piled  against  a 
central  nucleus  ;  the  Great  Causeway,  an 
inclined  plane  of  similar  character  to  the 
Giant's  Causeway  on  the  north  coast  of 
Ireland,  but  both  larger  and  more  pictur- 
esque ;  the  Great  Colonnade,  a  long 
facade  of  vertical  columnar  cliff,  aver- 
agely  about  36  feet  high ;  Fingal's  Cave, 
59  :feet  high,  33  feet  wide,  and  288  feet 
long,  faced  all  round  with  basaltic 
columns  ;  the  Boat  Cave,  16  feet  high,  12 
feet  broad,  and  150  feet  long,  presenting 
some  resemblance  to  the  gallery  of  a  mine  ; 
and  the  Cormorant's  or  Mackinnon's  Cave, 
50  feet  high,  48  feet  wide,  and  224  feet 
long,  walled  with  conglomerate  trap  and 
crowded  with  cormorants. 

STAFFIN,  or  ALTAVAIG,  sea-loch  or  bay 
in  vicinity  of  Steinscholl,  on  north-east 
coast  of  Isle  of  Skye.  It  measures  about 
1J  mile  across  the  entrance,  has  nearly  a 
half -moon  form,  and  is  screened  all  round 
by  s\iccessive  tiers  or  terraces  of  basaltic 
colonnades,  terminating  at  elevation  of 
from  1000  to  1500  feet,  Staffin  post  office, 
under  Portree,  is  in  Steinscholl. 

STAGEHALL,  farm,  with  remains  of  So- 
man camp,  in  Stow  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

STAIN.    See  Stane. 

STAIR,  village  and  parish  in  Kyle  dis- 
trict, Ayrshire.  The  village  stands  on 
Ayr  river,  5  miles  south-west  of  Mauch- 
line,  gives  the  titles  of  viscount  and  earl 
to  the  family  of  Dalrymple,  and  has  a 
post  office  designated  Stairbridge,  under 
Tarbolton  Station,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  large  public  school. — 
The  parish  measures  about  6  miles  by  2f, 
and  comprises  5376  acres.  Real  property 
in  1879-80,  £10,782,  Pop.  928.  The 
boundaries  are  largely  formed  by  rivers 
Ayr  and  Coyle,  and  the  land  exhibits  much 
beauty  adjacent  to  the  Ayr,  and  is  pre- 
valently undulating.  Chief  seats  are  Stair 
House,  Barskimming,  and  Drongan  ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  Tribboch 
and  Drongan  towers. 

STAIRHAVEN,  small  harbour,  2f  miles 
south  of  Glenluce,  "VVigtonshire. 

STAKE,  hill,  1711  feet  high,  5  miles 
north-east  of  Largs,  Ayrshire. 

STANDARD,  small  lake  on  high  ground 
in  Gamrie  parish,  Banffshire. 

STANDING-STONES.    See  Stenness. 

STANDRIGG,  village  in  Muiravonside 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

STANE,  village  on  South  Calder  river,  7 
miles  north-east  of  Wishaw,  Lanarkshire. 
It  adjoins  extensive  collieries,  is  connected 
with  Shotts  Ironworks,  and  has  an  Evan- 
gelical Union  church. 

STANEMANNISHEAD,  ancient  estate  in 
Alvah  parish,  Banffshire. 

STANGAR,  headland  in  south-east  of 
Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

STANHOPEMILL,  hamlet  in  Corstorphine 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 


STANLEY,  town  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  Perthshire.  The  town  stands  on  the 
Tay,  7  miles  north  of  Perth ;  was  named 
from  a  member  of  the  ducal  family  of 
Athole  ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  designated 
of  Perthshire,  a  railway  junction  station, 
an  inn,  cotton  mills,  a  public  hall  of  1880, 
a  conspicuous  Established  church,  and  a 
Free  church.  Pop.  1015.  Stanley  House, 
a  renovated  old  mansion  of  the  Lords 
Nairne,  stands  adjacent  to  the  town. — The 
quoad  sacra  parish  was  constituted  in  1877. 
Pop.  1276. 

STANLEY,  tower  and  braes,  2  miles 
south-west  of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire.  The 
tower  is  a  ruined  baronial  fortalice  about  40 
feet  high,  and  was  engirt  in  1837  by  a  reser- 
voir of  Paisley  waterworks.  The  braes  are 
a  northern  portion  of  the  Fereneze  Hills. 

STANNER,  island  in  Isla  river  near  mu- 
tual border  of  Forfarshire  and  Perthshire. 

STANSTILL,  estate  and  public  school 
in  east  of  Bower  parish,  Caithness. 

STAPLEGORTON,  ancient  parish,  now 
part  of  Langholm,  Dumfriesshire. 

STAR,  village  in  Kennoway  parish,  Fife. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Markinch.  Pop. 
264. 

STAR,  mountains,  flanking  east  side  of 
Loch  Doon,  on  north-west  verge  of  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

STARE-DAM,  place,  adjacent  to  ancient 
rude  standing  -  stones,  in  Auchtergaven 
parish,  Perthshire. 

STARLEY,  burn  and  small  harbour  in 
Burntisland  parish,  Fife.  The  burn  falls 
in  cascade  into  Firth  of  Forth,  and  the 
harbour  is  adjacent  to  its  mouth. 

STARR,  farm,  where  considerable  num- 
ber of  sarcophagi  have  been  found,  in 
Kilmany  parish,  Fife. 

STARSACH-NA-GAEL,  mountain-pass  in 
Moy  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

START,  terminating  point  of  narrow 
peninsula  in  north-east  of  Sanday  Island, 
Orkney.  It  has  a  lighthouse  with  fixed 
red  light  visible  at  the  distance  of  14  J 
nautical  miles. 

STARTHOPE,  hill,  with  remains  of  Cale- 
donian camp,  in  Wandell  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

STASLAY,  islet  on  east  side  of  South 
Uist,  Outer  Hebrides. 

STAVANESS,  headland  in  Nesting  parish, 
Shetland. 

STAXIGOE,  fishing  village,  2  miles  north- 
east of  Wick,  Caithness.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  120  scholars.    Pop.  402. 

STEELE -ROAD,  railway  station,  16| 
miles  south  of  Hawick,  Roxburghshire. 

STEILSTON,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Holywood  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

STEIN,  fishing  village,  5  miles  north  of 
Dunvegan,  in  Isle  of  Skye. 

STEINSCHOLL,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  north-east  of  Isle  of  Skye.  The 
village  stands  near  head  of  Loch  Staffin, 
18  miles  north  of  Portree,  and  has  a  post 
office  of  Staffin  under  Portree,  an  inn, 


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422 


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Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a 
public  school. — The  parish  was  constituted 
ecclesiastically  in  1833,  and  politically  in 
1847.    Pop.  1314. 

STEMPSTER,  hamlet  in  Bower  parish, 
Caithness.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  107  scholars. 

STEMPSTER,  lake  on  north  border  of 
Latheron  parish,  Caithness. 

STENHOUSE,  hamlet  in  Liberton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

STENHOUSE,  seat  of  Sir  William  C. 
Bruce,  Bart.,  in  Larbert  parish,  Stirling- 
shire. 

STENHOUSE,  small  eminence,  with 
ruined  small  fort,  in  north-west  of  Burnt- 
island parish.  Fife. 

STENHOUSEMUIR,  town  in  north- 
eastern vicinity  of  Larbert  railway  sta- 
tion, Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Larbert,  a  public  hall,  a  Free 
church,  and  a  large  public  school ;  and 
it  adjoins  the  ground  on  which  the  Falkirk 
trysts,  or  cattle,  sheep,  and  horse  fairs, 
are  held.    Pop.  2617. 

STENISH,  northern  suburb  of  Storno- 
way,  Outer  Hebrides. 

STENNESS,  lake,  great  Caledonian 
monuments,  and  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
south-west  of  Pomona,  Orkney.  The  lake 
communicates  with  the  tidal  currents  of 
Hoy  Sound,  at  3J  miles  north-east  of 
Stromness ;  has  somewhat  the  form  of 
the  letter  V,  with  two  arms  3^  and  4| 
miles  long,  meeting  in  acute  angle  at  about 
2  miles  east-north-east  of  the  point  of 
communication  with  the  tidal  currents ; 
and  is  partly  flanked  with  the  scene  of  much 
of  the  action  in  Sir  "Walter  Scott's  Pirate. 
The  Caledonian  monuments  comprise  two 
standing-stones  17  feet  high,  a  prostrate 
stone  18  feet  long,  and  remains  of  a  large 
stone  semicircle  outside  the  lake's  apex, 
and  16  standing-stones  from  3  to  14|  feet 
high,  17  remains  of  other  standing-stones, 
and  traces  of  a  surrounding  ditch  1071  feet 
in  circuit  within  the  lake's  peninsula ;  and 
form  the  most  remarkable  group  of  monu- 
ments of  their  class  in  Great  Britain. — 
The  parish  adjoins  the  southern  extremity 
of  the  lake  ;  is  bounded  on  the  west  by 
the  efflux  thence  and  a  branch  of  Hoy 
Sound ;  measures  4f  miles  by  3J ;  is 
politically  part  of  Firth  parish ;  and  has 
a  post  office  designated  of  Orkney,  and  a 
parochial  church.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£1494.    Pop.  697. 

STENNESS,  isle  in  Northmaven  parish, 
Shetland. 

STENNIS,  upland  rivulet  in  Westerkirk 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

STENRIESHILL,  seat  in  Wamphray  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire. 

STENSHIEL,  hill  in  Bunkle  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

STENTON,  village  and  parish  in  east  of 
Haddingtonshire.  The  village  stands  5^ 
miles  south-west  of  Dunbar,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Prestonkirk,  a  handsome 
church  with  400  sittings,  and  a  public 


school  with  about  117  scholars. — The  parish 
contains  also  Pitcox  village,  consists  of 
two  sections  fully  2  J  miles  asunder,  measures 
across  the  intersection  9J  miles  by  4^,  and 
comprises  7676  acres.  Beal  property  in 
1880-81,  £6715.  Pop.  594.  The  northern 
and  larger  section  lies  averagely  about  180 
feet  above  sea-level,  exhibits  beautiful 
diversity  of  surface,  comprises  a  luxuriant 
hanging  plain,  and  includes  the  picturesque 
lake  of  Presmennan.  The  southern  section 
lies  wholly  among  the  Lammermoors, 
includes  one  of  their  loftiest  summits,  and 
is  partly  bounded  by  Whitadder  river.  A 
prominent  feature  in  the  north  is  Beil 
mansion. 

STENTON,  seat  and  romantic  crag  in 
Caputh  parish,  Perthshire. 

STEPHEN  (ST.),  parish,  with  Established 
and  Free  churches,  in  New  Town,  Edin- 
burgh.   Pop.  7678. 

STEPHEN  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  Established  and  Free  churches,  in 
Glasgow.    Pop.  5423. 

STEPPS,  railway  station,  5  miles  north- 
east of  Glasgow. 

STEU ARTFIELD .  See  Stewaettfield, 
Aberdeenshire. 

STEVENSON,  seat  near  Carfin,  Lanark- 
shire. • 

STEVENSON,  burn  in  Newlands  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

STEVENSON,  large  public  school  in 
Kilwinning  parish,  Ayrshire. 

STEVENSTON,  town  and  parish  in 
Cunningham  district,  Ayrshire.  The  town 
stands  about  a  mile  north-east  of  Saltcoats, 
dates  at  least  from  13th  century,  commands 
a  fine  view,  has  large  connection  with 
neighbouring  collieries  and  ironworks,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  Ayr- 
shire, a  railway  station,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  large  public  school. 
Pop.  3556.  —  The  parish  contains  also 
Ardeer  Works  and  part  of  Saltcoats, 
measures  about  5  miles  by  3,  and  comprises 
3771  acres.  Beal  property  in  1879-80, 
£20,829.  Pop.  5694.  The  southern  sec- 
tion lies  along  Ayr  Bay,  and  includes  a 
sandy  waste  of  about  1200  acres  ;  and  the 
middle  and  northern  sections  rise  gradually 
thence,  and  have  a  fertile,  well-cultivated 
surface.  The  seats  are  Kerilaw,  Ardeer, 
Seabank,  Mayville,  Hallerhirst,  and 
Hayocks ;  and  the  chief  antiquity  is  the 
massive  ruin  of  Kerilaw  Castle.  Several 
churches  are  in  Saltcoats ;  and  3  schools 
for  1101  scholars,  1  of  them  new  for  750, 
are  in  the  parish. 

STEVENSTON,  seat  of  Sir  Bobert  C. 
Sinclair,  Bart.,  2 J  miles  east-north-east  of 
Haddington. 

STEVENSTON  (NEW),  suburb  of  Holy- 
town,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  1048. 

STEWARTFIELD,  village,  3  miles  south- 
west of  Mintlaw,  Aberdeenshire.  It  was 
founded  in  latter  part  of  last  century,  bore 
for  some  time  the  name  of  Crichie,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Mintlaw,  United 


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423 


STI 


Presbyterian  and  Congregational  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  124  scholars. 
Pop.  675. 

STEWARTFIELD,  seat  in  Jedburgh  par- 
ish, Koxburgh. 

STEWARTHALL,  seat  near  Crossford, 
Lanarkshire. 

STEWARTON,  town  and  parish  in  Cun- 
ningham district,  Ayrshire.  The  town 
stands  on  Annock  rivulet,  5  miles  north- 
by-west  of  Kilmarnock;  sprang  from  an 
obscure  village  of  ancient  date ;  presents 
an  appearance  much  superior  to  that  of 
most  third-rate  towns  ;  comprises  portions 
called  Townhead,  Darlington,  and.  Kirk- 
ford  ;  carries  on  extensive  and  various 
woollen  manufactures ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Ayrshire,  a 
railway  station,  3  banking  offices,  a  town 
hall,  Established,  Free,  United  Presby- 
terian, Congregational,  and  Methodist 
churches,  a  large  educational  institute, 
and  a  primary  educational  school.  Pop. 
3130. — The  parish  measures  nearly  10 
miles  by  4,  and  comprises  13,626  acres. 
Real  property  in  1879-80,  £29,189.  Pop. 
4309.  The  surface  on  the  north  -  east 
border  is  somewhat  high,  descends  thence 
gradually  towards  the  south-west,  and 
exhibits  a  pleasing  diversity  of  rising- 
grounds,  slopes,  and  flats.  Limestone 
and  sandstone  are  extensively  worked,  and 
coal  exists  in  thin  seams.  Chief  seats  are 
Lainshaw,  Robertland,  Kennox,  and  Gir- 
genti ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  remains  of 
two  castles,  and  site  of  an  ancient  chapel. 
There  are  3  schools  for  702  scholars,  and  1 
of  them  for  430  is  new. 

STEWARTON,  suburb  of  Wishaw,  Lan- 

STEWARTON,  part  of  Campbelton 
village,  Inverness-shire. 

STEWARTON,  village,  more  commonly 
called  Kirkcolm,  in  Wigtonshire. 

STEWART'S  RAIS8,  ancient  tower  on 
Levern  rivulet,  4  miles  south-south-east  of 
Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

STICKS,  small  detached  district  of  Weem 
parish,  Perth. 

STILAIG,  small  headland  on  east  side  of 
head  of  Locb  Fyne,  Argyleshire. 

STINCHAR,  river,  running  about  30 
miles  south-westward  to  the  sea  in  vicinity 
of  Ballantrae,  near  south-west  extremity 
of  Ayrshire. 

STIRKOKE,  seat  and  public  school  about 
2|  miles  west-south- west  of  "Wick,  and  fine 
strath  extending  about  12  miles  west- 
north-westward  from  Wick  Bay  to  Watten 
Lake,  in  Caithness. 

STIRKRIGG,  site  of  Roman  camp  in 
Bedrule  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

STIRLING,  town  on  north  border  of 
Stirlingshire,  and  parish  partly  also  in 
Clackmannanshire.  The  town  stands  on 
right  bank  of  the  Forth,  36  miles  north- 
west of  Edinburgh  ;  had  military  command, 
till  modern  times,  over  chief  communication 
between  the  Lowlands  and  the  Highlands ; 


was  probably  a  powerful  strategic  place 
of  the  ancient  Caledonians,  the  Romans, 
and  the  Picts ;  had  and  retains  a  strong 
castle  dating  from  times  unknown  to 
record;  was  intermittingly,  through  large 
aggregate  of  years,  the  metropolis  of 
Scotland  from  the  time  of  Malcolm  Oanmore 
till  that  of  James  VI.  ;  figured  prominently 
in  national  events,  both  martial  and 
political,  till  the  end  of  the  rebellion  of 
1745-46 ;  ranks  now  as  a  royal  burgh 
within  ancient  limits,  a  parliamentary 
burgh  with  extended  boundaries,  a  seat 
of  justiciary  courts,  and  the  capital  of 
Stirlingshire ;  unites  with  Dunfermline, 
Inverkeithing,  Culross,  and  Queensferry 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ; 
occupies  a  site,  presents  features,  is  widely 
engirt  with  environs,  of  remarkable  pictur- 
esqueness,  and  both  contains  and  adjoins 
view-points  of  very  striking  interest ;  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
a  commodious  central  railway  station,  7 
banking  offices,  5  hotels,  many  important 
ancient  edifices  and  monuments,  numerous 
handsome  modern  public  buildings,  4 
Established  churches,  4  Free  churches,  3 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  Congrega- 
tional, Baptist,  Wesleyan,  Episcopalian, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  a 
remarkable  number  of  educational,  phil- 
anthropic, and  miscellaneous  institutions. 
Its  site  is  partly  an  isolated  hill  similar  to 
that  of  the  original  Old  Town  of  Edin- 
burgh, rising  gradually  to  an  altitude  of 
340  feet  with  sudden  termination  in  mural 
cliffs,  and  partly  a  circumjacent  plain 
diversified  by  eruptive  masses  and  gentle 
slopes.  The  old  streets  occupy  most  of 
the  hill,  and  are  variously  antique, 
modernized,  narrow,  and  spacious ;  and 
the  new  streets  occupy  adjacent  parts  of 
the  plain,  exhibit  much  diversity  of  align- 
ment and  structure,  and  include  an  ex- 
tensive wing  of  beautiful  terraces,  places, 
and  crescents.  Part  of  a  strong  wall  which 
engirt  the  ancient  town  is  still  standing ; 
a  very  fine  wooded  public  airing-ground, 
called  the  Back  Walk,  curves  round  the 
exterior  of  the  wall's  base ;  a  series  of 
curious  remains  of  ancient  royal  gardens 
are  at  the  skirt  of  part  of  the  Back  Walk ; 
and  the  King's  Park,  measuring  about  3 
miles  in  circuit,  and  once  profusely  embel- 
lished, but  now  unadorned,  adjoins  these 
remains. 

The  castle  crowns  the  summit  of  the 
hill,  and  forms  a  bold  feature  in  an  ex- 
tensive landscape;  is  separated  from  the 
town's  head  by  an  esplanade,  used  as  a 
parade  ground ;  retains  massive  features 
of  great  military  strength,  but  serves  now 
only  as  a  barrack  garrison  ;  and  has,  around 
two  courts,  a  quondam  parliament  hall 
erected  by  James  ill.,  a  quondam  royal 
palace  erected  by  James  v.,  a  quondam 
chapel-royal  rebuilt  by  James  VI. ,  and  an 
edifice  of  1856  on  site  of  the  apartment  in 
which  James  II.  slew  the  Earl  of  Douglas. 
A  depression,  called  the  Valley,  lies  ad- 


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jacent  to  the  castle's  esplanade  ;  was  long 
used  for  tournaments  and  other  feats  of 
chivalry ;  and,  together  with  adjacent 
slopes,  is  now  occupied  by  ornate  gardens, 
and  by  a  modern  cemetery  containing 
many  interesting  monuments.  Argyle's 
House,  in  Castle  Wynd,  is  a  large  quad- 
rangular edifice  of  1633,  and  was  long  a 
palatial  residence.  Mar's  Work,  at  head 
of  Broad  Street,  was  erected  by  the  Regent 
Mar  about  1570,  and  is  now  a  haggard 
ruin.  The  Town .  Hall,  adjacent  to  that 
ruin,  was  erected  in  1701,  and  has  a 
steeple  with  finely  toned  bell.  The  Guild 
Hall,  on  brink  of  west  shoulder  of  the  hill, 
is  a  pinnacled  edifice  of  1637.  The  Public 
Hall,  in  Dumbarton  Road,  was  erected  in 
1882  at  a  cost  of  about  £6000.  The  new 
Prison,  near  the  Guild  Hall,  is  a  castel- 
lated structure  of  1846-48,  and  makes  a 
prominent  figure.  The  County  Buildings, 
in  Barton  Place,  are  a  handsome  erection 
of  1874.  Smith's  Institute,  adjacent  to 
skirt  of  Back  "Walk,  was  erected  and 
largely  endowed  in  1874,  and  contains 
spacious  picture  galleries,  museums, 
reading-room,  and  library,  free  to  the 
public.  The  Athenaeum,  in  centre  of  the 
town,  is  a  modern  edifice  with  lofty  spire. 
Greyfriar's  church  dates  from  1494,  mea- 
sures 200  feet  by  52,  and  is  divided  into 
two  parochial  churches,  East  and  West. 
One  of  the  other  parochial  churches,  1  of 
the  Free  churches,  and  2  of  the  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  are  fine  steepled 
Gothic  edifices  ;  and  another  of  the  Free 
churches  is  a  handsome  edifice  of  1882.  The 
Episcopalian  church,  in  Dumbarton  Road, 
was  erected  in  1878,  at  a  cost  of  £14,000.  A 
monument  to  King  Robert  Bruce,  a  pedes- 
talled  standing  statue,  is  on  the  castle  esplan- 
ade, and  was  erected  in  1877.  A  small 
mausoleum  monument  to  Rev.  Ebenezer 
Erskine  is  on  a  neat  plot  in  front  of  Erskine 
United  Presbyterian  church.  Two  hand- 
some bridges  take  the  North  British  and  the 
Caledonian  railways  across  the  Forth;  and 
the  North  British  one,  in  3  spans  of  105, 
108,  and  105  feet,  was  rebuilt  in  1881.  _  A 
remarkable  number  of  handsome  build- 
ings, both  semi-public  and  private,  was 
erected  in  1880-82.  Real  property  of  the 
parliamentary  burgh  in  1880-81,  £71,063. 
Pop.  16,001. 

The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Raploch  and  Abbey,  but  excludes  small 
part  of  the  royal  burgh  and  large  part  of 
the  parliamentary  burgh  ;  and  it  comprises 
1212  acres  in  Stirlingshire,  and  200  in 
Clackmannanshire.  Real  property  of 
landward  parts  in  1880-81,  £1883  and  £819. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  13,469;  quoad  sacra, 
8901.  The  Forth,  flowing  in  serpentine 
folds,  traces  most  of  the  northern  boundary, 
but  runs  across  some  small  sections.  The 
land  outside  of  the  town's  site  is  partly  carse 
and  partly  what  is  locally  called  dryfield. 
A  chief  object  of  interest  is  Cambuskenneth 
Abbey.  There  are  19  schools  for  3161 
scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  755  are  new. 


STIRLING,  hill  on  the  coast,  3£  miles 
south  of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire.  It 
includes  the  promontory  of  Buchanness  ; 
rises  from  a  bold,  rocky,  fissured,  cavern- 
ous coast ;  exhibits  a  remarkably  beautiful 
outline  as  seen  from  the  north ;  and  con- 
tains the  quarries  of  the  famous  Peterhead 
granite  or  syenite. 

STIRLING  AND  DUNFERMLINE  RAIL- 
WAY, railway,  24  miles  long,  from  Stirling 
to  Dunfermline,  with  branches  to  Tilli- 
coultry and  Alloa  harbour.  It  was  autho- 
rized in  1846  on  a  share  capital  of  £390,000 ; 
it  became  amalgamated  in  1858  with  the 
Edinburgh  and  Glasgow ;  and  it  passed 
with  that  in  1865  to  the  North  British. 

STIRLINGSHIRE,  inland  county  between 
Perthshire  and  Dumbartonshire.  It  in- 
cludes part  of  Logie  parish,  and  all  Alva, 
lying  respectively  about  a  mile  north-east 
and  2J  miles  north-north-east  of  nearest 
parts  of  its  main  body ;  but  it  elsewhere  is 
all  compact,  extending  from  Loch  Lomond 
east-south-eastward  to  river  Avon ;  and  it 
measures  45  miles  in  length,  18  miles  in 
greatest  breadth,  and  467  square  miles  in 
area.  The  detached  sections  are  part  of 
the  Ochil  Hills,  with  a  belt  of  plain  at  the 
foot ;  a  broad  tract  along  the  north  and 
the  north-east  of  the  main  body,  compris- 
ing between  one-fourth  and  one-third  of 
the  entire  area,  is  chiefly  flat  carse,  and 
partly  gently  inclined  plains ;  another 
broad  tract  through  the  centre,  from 
vicinity  of  Stirling  to  south-western 
boundary,  is  the  main  portion  of  the  Lennox 
Hills  ;  a  stripe  between  that  tract  and  the 
southern  boundary  is  part  of  the  great  dingle 
or  strath  traversed  by  the  Forth  and  Clyde 
Canal ;  two  lowland  tracts  emerging  from 
the  Lennox  Hills,  and  going  respectively 
westward  and  north-westward  into  junc- 
tion, are  the  valleys  of  the  Endrick  and 
the  Blane ;  and  a  tract  north-north-west- 
ward from  these,  flanking  most  of  the  east 
side  of  Loch  Lomond,  is  all  upland,  and 
culminates  in  Benlomond.  The  principal 
streams,  besides  the  Forth,  the  Avon,  the 
Endrick,  and  the  Blane,  are  the  Allan, 
the  Devon,  the  Carron,  the  Bannock,  and 
the  Allander;  and  the  only  considerable 
lake,  besides  Loch  Lomond,  is  about  2 
miles  of  the  upper  part  of  Loch  Katrine. 
Coal  is  very  extensively  worked  ;  limestone 
and  sandstone  also  are  abundant  and  valu- 
able ;  and  several  other  economical  minerals 
are  found  and  utilized.  Agriculture  is  in 
high  condition,  and  is  conducted  with 
skilful  regard  to  diversity  of  soil  and  situa- 
tion. Woollen  factories,  cotton  mills, 
printfields,  and  other  manufacturing 
establishments  are  numerous  and  pro- 
ductive. Distilleries  and  a  large  chemical 
work  also  are  prominent.  The  territory 
belonged  to  the  Caledonian  Damnii;  was 
included  by  the  Romans  in  their  Vespasiana; 
was  annexed  for  a  time  to  both  the  Cum- 
brian and  the  Northumbrian  kingdoms  ; 
and  figured  largely  in  the  conflicts  between 
the  Picts  and  the  Scots;  and  it  contains 


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425 


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many  interesting  monuments  of  at  once 
the  Caledonian,  the  Roman,  and  the 
subsequent  times.  The  towns  with  each 
more  than  10,000  inhabitants  are  Stirling 
and  Falkirk ;  with  each  more  than  3000 
are  Kilsyth,  Denny,  Lennoxtown,  and 
part  of  Bridge  of  Allan  ;  with  each  more 
than  2000  are  Grangemouth,  Bannockburn, 
and  Milngavie ;  with  each  more  than  1000 
are  St.  Ninians,  Cambusbarron,  Balfron, 
Stenhousemuir,  Lauriston,  and  Carron 
Ironworks ;  and  the  villages  with  each 
more  than  300  amount  to  twenty-nine. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £488,582.  Pop. 
in  1871,  98,218 ;  in  1881,  112,437. 

STITCHEL,  village  and  parish  on  north 
border  of  Roxburghshire.  The  village 
stands  3|  miles  west  of  Kelso,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Kelso,  a  parochial  church, 
a  United  Presbyterian  church  of  1877  in 
lieu  of  a  notable  old  one,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  62  scholars. — The  parish 
measures  4  miles  by  2|,  and  comprises 
2799  acres,  but  has  annexed  to  it,  both 
politically  and  ecclesiastically,  the  contigu- 
ous parish  of  Hume  in  Berwickshire. 
Hume  has  been  separately  noticed.  Real 
property  of  Stitchel  in  1880-81,  £5641. 
Pop.  342.  The  rivulet  Eden  runs  across 
and  makes  a  fine  cascade.  Nearly  all  the 
land  is  under  cultivation.  Stitchel  House 
was  erected  in  1866,  and  has  a  tower  more 
than  100  feet  high,  commanding  a  very 
extensive  view. 

STOBACHOIN,  mountain,  2839  feet  high, 
on  north  screen  of  Strathgartney,  Perth- 
shire. 

STOBBS,  village,  with  gunpowder  mills, 
adjacent  to  Gore  bridge,  Edinburghshire. 

STOBCOIRE,  summit,  3497  feet  high,  at 
north-western  extremity  of  Balquhidder 
braes,  Perthshire. 

STOBCREAGACH,  summit,  2966  feet 
high,  If  mile  north-east  of  Stobcoire, 
Perthshire. 

STOBCROSS.    See  Glasgow. 

STOBGARBH,  summit,  3148  feet  high, 
2|  miles  south-east  of  Crianlarich,  Perth- 
shire. 

STOBGLAS,  summit,  3673  feet  high, 
1|  mile  south-south-west  of  Stobgarbh, 
Perthshire. 

STOBGREEN,  village  adjacent  to  Stob- 
hill,  Edinburghshire. 

STOBHALL,  seat  on  the  Tay  in  Cargill 
parish,  Perthshire. 

STOBHILL,  village  on  mutual  border  of 
Newbattle  and  Temple  parishes,  Edin- 
burghshire. It  has  a  quoad  sacra 
parochial  church,  a  Free  church,  and  a 
large  public  school.  Pop.  of  quoad  sacra 
parish,  3065. 

STOBHILL-ENGINE,  hamlet  in  Cockpen 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

STOBINNAN,  summit,  3827  feet  high, 
adjacent  to  Benmore,  on  south  flank  of 
Glendochart,  Perthshire. 

STOBLUIB,  hill-summit,  1579  feet  high, 
on  south  flank  of  Glendochart,  near  Luib 
railway  station,  Perthshire. 


STOBMEALL,  summit,  2467  feet  high, 
3  miles  north-west  of  Balquhidder  village, 
Perthshire. 

STOBO,  parish,  with  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Peeblesshire,  and  railway  station 
6J  miles  south-west  of  Peebles.  Its 
length  is  6  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 
4^  miles ;  its  area  10,302  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5183.  Pop.  467. 
The  surface  is  half  engirt  by  the  Tweed 
and  the  Lyne  ;  includes,  on  a  high  base, 
a  belt  of  beautiful  ornate  land  along 
the  Tweed ;  rises  thence  in  uplands, 
with  intersecting  glens,  to  the  north-west ; 
and  has  there  a  number  of  summits  up- 
ward of  1500  feet  high.  Stobo  Castle  and 
Dawick  are  the  seats  of  respectively  Sir 
Graham  G.  Montgomery,  Bart.,  and  Sir 
James  Nasmyth,  Bart.;  and  Sheriffmuir 
peninsula,  at  confluence  of  the  Lyne  and 
the  Tweed,  contains  interesting  anti- 
quities. The  public  school  has  about  52 
scholars. 

STOBS,  railway  station  and  seat  of  Sir 
"William  F.  A.  Eliott,  Bart.,  4  miles  south 
of  Hawick,  Roxburghshire. 

STOBSMILLS.    See  Stobbs. 

STOCKBRIDGE,  north-western  suburb 
of  Edinburgh.  It  is  bisected  by  Water  of 
Leith  northward  from  vicinity  of  Dean 
Bridge ;  it  embraces  a  romantic  reach 
of  the  river's  ravine,  overhung  by  lofty 
houses  of  Moray  Place,  and  containing 
St.  Bernard's  Well ;  it  engirds  the  site  of 
an  ancient  village  ;  it  stands  on  ground 
diversified  from  low  flat  to  steep  brae  ; 
it  exhibits  much  diversity  and  mixture 
of  character,  from  meanness  to  high 
grandeur ;  it  includes  elegant  terraces  and 
handsome  crescents  ;  and  it  contains  Free 
and  United  Presbyterian  churches,  adjoins 
an  Episcopalian  church,  and  is  near  great 
educational  and  philanthropic  institutions. 

STOCKBRIDGE,  place,  with  United 
Presbyterian  church,  about  a  mile  south 
of  Cockburnspath  village,  Berwick- 
shire. 

STOCKBRIGGS,  seat  near  Lesmahagow, 
Lanarkshire. 

STOCKMUIR,  tract,  with  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Abernyte 
parish,  Perthshire. 

STOCKY,  extensive  high  moor,  aver- 
agely  4^  miles  south-by- east  of  Dry  men 
village,  on  south-west  border  of  Stirling- 
shire. 

STOER,  quoad  sacra  parish,  north  of 
Lochinver,  on  south-west  coast  of  Suther- 
land. It  was  constituted  in  1877  ;  it  mea- 
sures about  11  miles  by  10 ;  and  it  has  a 
post  office  under  Lairg,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  126  scholars.    Pop.  1386. 

STONEBYRES,  fall  on  the  Clyde,  and 
estate  adjacent  to  it,  about  3  miles  north- 
west of  Lanark.  The  fall  commences  at 
foot  of  very  narrow  rocky  crevasse  ;  makes 
three  fan-like  leaps,  somewhat  similar  to 
those  of  Corra-Linn ;  and  is  engirt  by  a 
rugged,  rocky,  copse-clad  amphitheatre. 


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426 


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The  estate  adjoins  the  fall's  left  side, 
and  has  a  mansion  with  extensive  view, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  58 
scholars. 

STONEFIELD,  town  in  Blantyre  parish, 
Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow,  and  an  Established  church 
founded  in  1878  and  containing  900  sittings. 
Pop.  of  town  proper,  2164 ;  with  Spring- 
wall,  Dixon's  Eows,  and  Baird's  Rows,  4509. 

STONEFIELD,  bay  on  south  side  of  Loch 
Etive,  between  Bunawe  and  Connel  Ferry, 
Argyleshire. 

STONEFIELD,  seat  on  south-east  side  of 
West  Loch  Tarbert,  Argyleshire. 

STONEHAVEN  (vulgarly  STANEHIVE), 
seaport  town  and  capital  of  Kincardine- 
shire, 15  miles  by  road,  but  16  by  railway, 
south-south-west  of  Aberdeen.  It  consists 
of  a  dingy  irregular  old  town,  and  a  plea- 
sant well-planned  new  town,  separated 
from  each  other  by  Carron  river  ;  it  carries 
on  small  commerce  and  considerable  coun- 
try business,  and  publishes  a  weekly  news- 
paper ;  and  it  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  a  railway  station,  3  bank- 
ing offices,  a  town  hall  of  1877,  Free, 
United  Presbyterian,  Episcopalian,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  the  last  two 
built  in  1877,  and  a  free  school.   Pop.  3948. 

STONEHILL,  hill  in  Oarmichael  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

STONEHOUSE,  town  and  parish  in 
middle  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  town 
stands  near  Avon  river,  7  miles  south-east 
of  Hamilton  ;  comprises  a  long  main  street 
and  two  neat  new  streets  ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Lanarkshire, 
a  railway  station,  a  banking  office,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and 
Evangelical  Union  churches,  and  2  public 
schools  with  about  326  scholars.  The 
Established  church  is  a  handsome  modern 
edifice,  with  upwards  of  900  sittings,  and 
the  United  Presbyterian  church  was  re- 
built in  1879.  Pop.  of  the  town,  2615.— 
The  parish  contains  also  Sandford  village, 
measures  about  6  miles  by  nearly  3,  and 
comprises  6241  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £12,654.  Pop.  3173.  The  sur- 
face consists  of  pleasant  hanging  plains, 
and  the  rocks  are  chiefly  carboniferous. 
Chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  two  old 
castles,  and  the  site  of  a  very  strong 
camp. 

STONEHOUSE,  vestige  of  strong  Border 
peel  in  Gretna  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

STONELAW,  seat  and  colliery  in  Ruther- 
glen  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

STONE-LUDD,  standing-stone,  suj>posed 
to  be  memorial  of  ancient  victory,  in  Bower 
parish,  Caithness. 

STONEYHALL,  hamlet  in  Inveresk  par- 
ish, Edinburghshire. 

STONEYHILL,  estate  in  Abercorn  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

STONEYKIRK,  village  and  parish  in 
Rhinns  district,  Wigtonshire.  The  village 
stands  5J  miles  south-south-east  of  Stran- 


raer, and  has  a  post  office  designated 
of  Wigtonshire,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school. — The  parish 
measures  about  8  miles  by  1\,  and  com- 
prises 19,480  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £21,382.  Pop.  2766.  The  west 
coast  has  an  extent  of  7  miles,  and  is 
mostly  bold  and  rocky ;  the  east  coast,  on 
upper  part  of  Luce  Bay,  has  an  extent  of 
6  miles,  and  includes  a  bay  with  landing- 
ground  for  small  craft ;  and  the  in- 
terior is  mostly  undulated,  but  rises  much 
more  rapidly  from  the  west  coast  than 
from  the  east.  Chief  seats  are  Ardwell  and 
Balgreggan  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  three 
conical  earthen  mounds,  a  battlemented 
tower  of  13th  century,  and  remains  of  two 
old  churches  and  of  several  Scandinavian 
forts  and  Caledonian  stone  circles.  There 
are  4  schools  for  448  scholars,  and  1  of 
them  and  a  class-room  for  210  are  new. 

STONEYPATH,  hill  and  ruined  old 
tower  in  Whittingham  parish,  Haddington- 
shire. 

STONEYWOOD,  place,  4  miles  west  of 
Aberdeen.  An  Established  church  was 
erected  here  in  1879,  contains  800  sittings, 
and  was  intended  to  be  made  quoad  sacra 
parochial. 

STONEYWOOD, place,  with  two  factories, 
in  Denny  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

STONYHILL,  quondam  notable  mansion 
and  extant  seat  in  Inveresk  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

STOOP,  village  about  a  mile  north-east 
of  Dumfries. 

STOOS,  headland  near  middle  of  east 
side  of  South  Ronaldshay  Island,  Orkney. 

STORE,  Isle  of  Skye.    See  Storr. 

STORE,  Sutherland.    See  Stoer. 

STORMONT,  district,  bounded  by  Dun- 
keld  Hills  and  the  rivers  Tay,  Isla,  and 
Ericht,  in  Perthshire.  It  measures  about 
14  miles  by  1\,  exhibits  much  beauty  and 
diversity  of  landscape,  and  gives  the  title 
of  viscount  to  the  Earl  of  Mansfield. 

STORMONTFIELD,  village  on  the  Tay  in 
Scone  parish,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  large 
bleachfield  and  a  public  school  with  about 
57  scholars. 

STORNOWAY,  sea -loch,  seaport  town, 
castle,  and  parish  in  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 
The  sea-loch  opens  from  the  south-east  at 
60  miles  north  -  by  -  west  of  Portree ;  is  a 
capacious  well-sheltered  bay;  has,  on  a 
point  at  its  entrance,  a  lighthouse  with 
revolving  light  visible  at  the  distance  of 
12  nautical  miles  ;  has  also,  on  low  tide 
rock,  about  200  yards  from  the  lighthouse, 
a  beacon  with  prisms  showing  an  apparent 
light ;  and  is  provided,  at  the  head,  with 
commodious  pier  and  first-class  patent 
slip. — The  town  stands  at  the  loch's  head  ; 
sprang  from  an  old  small  fishing  hamlet ; 
underwent  much  extension  and  vast 
improvement  subsequent  to  Sir  James 
Matheson's  purchase  of  Lewis  ;  ranks  now 
as  a  head  port,  the  centre  of  a  great  fishery 
district,  and  the  seat  of  administration  for 
the  Ross-shire  Hebrides ;  comprises  ten  or 


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427 


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more  -well-aligned  streets  and  a  number  of 
small  suburbs ;  presents  an  appearance 
similar  to  that  of  a  neat  third-class  Low- 
land town  ;  includes  fragmentary  ruin  of 
an  old  castle  dismantled  by  the  troops  of 
Cromwell  ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with 
all  departments,  3  banking  offices,  3  hotels, 
an  assembly-room ,  a  court-house,  a  parochial 
church,  2  Free  churches,  United  Presby- 
terian and  Episcopalian  churches,  2  educa- 
tional institutes,  and  a  Free  Church  school. 
The  vessels  belonging  to  the  port  at  end 
of  1879  were  23  sailing  vessels  of  aggre- 
gately 1642  tons,  and  1  steam  vessel  of  66 
tons.  The  vessels  which  entered  in  that 
year  were  731  British  of  101,195  tons,  and 

6  foreign  of  727  tons ;  and  those  which 
cleared  were  694  British  of  98,222  tons,  and 

7  foreign  of  857  tons.  The  exports  com- 
prise fish,  cattle,  horses,  sheep,  and  wool, 
and  have  a  value  of  about  £150,000  a  year  ; 
and  the  imports  are  very  miscellaneous, 
and  have  an  equal  or  greater  value.  The 
fishing-boats  of  the  district  in  1879  were 
1014,  worked  by  3968  men  and  boys.  Pop. 
of  the  town,  2627. — The  castle  crowns  a 
height  overlooking  the  town,  occupies  the 
site  of  an  old  mansion  of  the  Mackenzies 
of  Seaforth,  was  erected  by  the  late  Sir 
James  Matheson,  is  a  splendid  edifice  in 
the  Tudor  style,  and  has  charming  grounds 
adorned  at  great  cost,  and  open  to  the 
public. — The  parish  contains  also  Back, 
Lower  Bayble,  Upper  Bayble,  Coll,  Gar- 
rabost,  Sandwick,  Swordle,  Knock,  Tolsta, 
Tong,  and  Vatskir  villages ;  measures 
about  20  miles  by  12 ;  and  comprises 
67,652  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£13,155.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  10,386  ; 
quoad  sacra,  7333.  Most  of  the  land  is 
compact,  narrowing  northward  to  an 
acute  angle  ;  but  a  large  arm  strikes  from 
the  north  side  of  Loch  Stornoway,  first 
forms  a  peninsula  3|  miles  long  and  from 
■|  mile  to  2h  miles  broad,  then  contracts  to 
an  isthmus  less  than  200  yards  wide,  and 
then  expands  into  a  semi-insular  tract  6^ 
miles  long  and  from  f  mile  to  2\  miles 
broad,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a 
bay  averagely  more  than  3  miles  wide. 
The  coast  has  mostly  a  gentle  acclivity, 
but  is  partly  bold  and  rocky,  and  includes 
several  caves  and  fissures.  The  interior 
almost  everywhere  rises  slowly  from  the 
coast ;  and,  excepting  a  hill  about  650  feet 
high  on  the  southern  boundary,  it  con- 
tains no  considerable  eminence.  Chief 
antiquities  are  a  large  cairn  and  remains 
of  three  old  chapels.  Established  and  Free 
churches  are  at  Knock,  and  a  Free  church 
is  at  Back.  Fifteen  schools  for  1963 
scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and  7  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  1209  are  new. 

STORNOWAY,  bay  adjacent  to  Ardpat- 
rick  Head,  in  Knapdale,  Argyleshire. 

STORE,  mountain,  2313  feet  high,  7 
miles  north  of  Portree,  Isle  of  Skye.  Its 
east  side  ascends  in  an  avalanche  of  fallen 
rocks  to  a  precipice  about  405  feet  high ; 
its  other  sides  are  massive  and  almost 


symmetrical ;  and  its  summit  is  grouped 
with  shattered  crags  looking  like  castles, 
towers,  and  pinnacles,  and  commands  a 
very  extensive  and  impressive  view. 

STOTFIELD,  coast  village  and  headland 
in  western  vicinity  of  Lossiemouth,  Elgin- 
shire.   Pop.  203. 

STOUREOLM,  island  about  midway 
between  Mainland  and  Yell,  Shetland. 

STOUSLIE,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Wilton  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

STOVE,  bay  in  south-west  of  Sanday 
Island,  Orkney. 

STOW,  village  in  Edinburghshire  and 
parish  partly  also  in  Selkirkshire.  The 
village  stands  on  Gala  river,  24J  miles  by 
road,  but  26|  by  railway,  south-south-east 
of  Edinburgh  ;  sprang  from  an  ancient 
seat  of  the  bishops  of  St.  Andrews ;  was  a 
retreat  of  the  monks  of  Melrose  ;  and  now 
has  a  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  Mid- 
Lothian,  a  railway  station,  a  good  inn,  a 
public  hall,  handsome  Established  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches  of  1872  and 
1876,  a  Free  church,  and  a  large  public 
school.  Pop.  341. — The  parish  contains 
also  four  hamlets,  measures  about  15 
miles  by  8j,  and  comprises  26,863  acres 
in  Edinburghshire,  and  9969  in  Selkirk- 
shire. Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£26,386  and  £6851.  Pop.  1954  and  56. 
The  Edinburgh  section  consists  of  the 
valley,  hill-screens,  and  lateral  vales  of 
the  Gala  to  within  \\  mile  of  Galashiels  ; 
and  the  Selkirk  section  consists  of  the 
basin  of  the  Cacldon.  Chief  seats  are 
Crookston,  Burnhouse,  Symington,  Pirn, 
Torquhan,  Torwoodlee,  and  Bowland ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  seven 
camps,  and  ruins  or  vestiges  of  many  old 
castles.  An  Established  church  is  at 
Caddonfoot.  Five  schools  for  599  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  2  of  them  for  335 
are  new. 

STRACATHRO.    See  Strickathrow. 

STRACHAN,  hamlet  and  parish  in  west 
of  Kincardineshire.  The  hamlet  lies  on 
the  Feugh,  3  J  miles  south-south -west  of 
Banchory,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Aberdeen,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  135  scholars. 
— The  parish  measures  13  miles  by  9,  and 
comprises  41,672  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £5272.  Pop.  694.  The  surface 
includes  about  2250  acres  of  arable  land 
adjacent  to  the  Dee  and  the  Feugh,  con- 
sists mainly  of  outskirts  and  masses  of  the 
Grampians,  and  culminates  on  the  west 
boundary  in  the  summit  of  Mount  Battock. 
Chief  objects  are  2  mansions,  a  shooting- 
lodge,  3  ancient  artificial  mounds,  and  2 
large  cairns.  There  are  3  schools  for  257 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  120  is  new. 

STRACHUR,  hamlet  and  parish  on  west 
side  of  Cowal,  Argyleshire.  The  hamlet 
lies  on  small  bay  of  Loch  Fyne,  adjacent 
to  Creggan  Ferry,  5  miles  south  of  Inverary , 
and  has  a  post  office  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 


STR 


428 


STR 


Argyleshire,  an  inn,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
70  scholars. — The  parish  extends  18  miles 
along  Loch  Fyne,  and  is  from  3  to  8  miles 
broad.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £7810. 
Pop.  932.  About  one-twentieth  of  the 
land,  chiefly  in  two  vales,  is  arable ; 
most  of  the  rest  of  the  area  is  filled  with 
an  assemblage  of  lofty  verdant  hills ;  and 
a  portion  in  the  south-east  is  occupied  with 
the  upper  part  of  Loch  Eck.  Chief  seats 
are  Strachur,  Strachurmore,  Glenshellis, 
Ballimore,  G-lenbrantir,and  Castle-Lachlan; 
and  an  object  of  curious  interest  and  of 
popular  superstition  is  a  conspicuous  stone 
on  an  eminence  commanding  an  extensive 
view.  The  parochial  church  of  the  annexed 
parish  of  Stralachlan  stands  6  miles  south- 
south-west  of  Strachur  hamlet.  There  are 
3  schools  for  156  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  100  are  new. 

STRAE,  rivulet,  traversing  Glenstrae 
south-south-westward  to  head  of  north- 
east branch  of  Loch  Awe,  in  Argyleshire. 

STRAFONTANE,  ancient  parish,  now 
part  of  Abbey  St.  Bathans,  in  Berwick- 
shire. 

STRAGEATH,  quondam  Roman  camp  on 
the  Earn  near  Innerpeffray,  Perthshire. 

STRAIT,  medicinal  spring  in  Muthill 
parish,  Perthshire. 

STRAITON,  village  and  parish  in  east  of 
Carrick,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands  63 
miles  south-east  of  Maybole,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Maybole,  a  parochial 
church  with  411  sittings,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  89  scholars. — The  parish 
is  divided  quoad  sacra  into  Straiton  and 
Patna,  measures  about  20  miles  by  8,  and 
comprises  49,801  acres.  Peal  property  in 
1879-80,  £15,012.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
1241  ;  quoad  sacra,  701.  The  Doon 
traces  the  northern  boundary,  the  Girvan 
runs  through  the  centre,  and  numerous 
burns  and  lakes  are  in  the  interior.  Low 
grounds  adjacent  to  the  two  rivers,  and 
gentle  ascents  on  their  flanks,  are  arable, 
but  nearly  all  the  rest  of  the  ground  is 
loftily  hilly,  and  either  pastoral  or  waste. 
Two  conspicuous  summits  are  near  the 
village,  and  command  extensive  views ; 
and  one  of  them  is  crowned  by  a  fine 
monument  to  Colonel  Blair.  Chief  seats 
are  Blairquhan,  Berbeth,  and  a  noble 
shooting-lodge  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
cairns.  There  is  a  Free  church  at  Straiton, 
and  Established  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches  are  in  Patna.  Three  schools, 
all  new,  for  303  scholars  are  in  the 
parish. 

STRAITON,  lands  with  ruined  tower  in 
Logie  parish,  Fife. 

STRAITON,  place  in  Liberton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

STRALACHLAN,  ancient  parish,  now 
annexed  to  Strachur,  Argyleshire.  Its 
church  and  a  public  school  stand  6  miles 
south-south-west  of  Strachur  hamlet. 

STRALOCH,  place  in  Strathardle 
section  of  Moulin  parish,  Perthshire.  It 


has  an  Established  church,  served  by  a 
missionary  on  the  royal  bounty,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  85  scholars. 

STRALOCH,  seat  in  New  Machar  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

STRAMORE,  islet  and  inn  adjacent  to 
north-east  of  North  Uist  Island,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

_  STRANAMBAN,  lake,  about  5  miles  in 
circuit,  on  east  side  of  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

STRANATHRO,  coast  _  village  in 
Fetteresso  village,  Kincardineshire. 

STRAND,  place,  with  ruined  old  chapel, 
in  Fetlar  parish,  Shetland. 

STRANDIBURGH,  headland  on  east  side 
of  Fetlar  Island,  Shetland. 

STRANDUFF,  estate  in  Kincardine 
O'Neil  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

STRANFASKET,  seat  in  Kells  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

STRANITH.    See  Nithsdale. 

STRANRAER,  seaport  town  and  parish 
in  west  of  Wigtonshire.  The  town  stands 
at  head  of  Loch  Ryan,  68f  miles  by  road, 
but  73  by  railway,  west-south-west  of 
Dumfries  ;  ranks  as  a  head  port,  a  seat  of 
sheriff  courts,  and  a  royal  and  parliamen- 
tary burgh  ;  unites  with  Wigton,  "Whit- 
horn, and  New  Galloway  in  sending  a 
member  to  Parliament ;  is  a  focus  of  con- 
siderable trade  and  steamboat  communica- 
tion ;  publishes  a  weekly  newspaper ; 
comprises  all  Stranraer  parish,  and  parts 
of  Leswalt  and  Inch ;  stands  on  broken 
ground  unfavourable  to  regularity  or  neat- 
ness of  arrangement ;  contains,  neverthe- 
less, some  elegant  houses  and  many  good 
ones ;  and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  a  railway  station,  5  banking 
offices,  3  hotels,  a  town  hall,  2  Estab- 
lished churches,  2  Free  churches,  2 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  Original 
Secession,  Reformed  Presbyterian,  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  an  athenaeum, 
an  academy,  a  Madras  school,  and  a 
primary  public  school.  The  harbour 
works  went  by  purchase  in  1877  to  the 
Portpatrick  Railway  Company,  and  are 
maintained  partly  by  means  of  £500  a 
year  handed  from  that  company  to  the 
town  council.  The  vessels  belonging  to 
the  port  at  end  of  1879  were  21  sailing 
vessels  of  aggregately  1319  tons,  and  2 
steam  vessels  of  jointly  491  tons.  The 
vessels  which  entered  in  that  year  were 
774  British  of  121,748  tons,  and  1  foreign 
of  298  tons  ;  and  those  which  cleared  were 
784  British  of  122,470  tons,  and  1  foreign 
of  298  tons.  Real  property  of  the  parlia- 
mentary burgh  in  1880-81,  £21,079.  Pop. 
6415. — The  parish  is  co-extensive  with  the 
royal  burgh,  and  comprises  55  acres. 
Pop.  3455. 

STRATH,  parish,  containing  Broadford 
and  Kyleakin  post  office  villages,  in  Skye 
district,  Inverness-shire.  It  comprehends 
Scalpa,  Pabba,  and  Longa  islands,  and 
large  part  of  south-east  of  Skye.  Its 
length  is  26  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth 


STE  429 


11  miles.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81, 
£5102.  Pop.  2616.  The  Skye  part  con- 
tains the  Cuchullin  Mountains,  Blabhein 
Mountain,  Glensligachan,  Strathaird,  and 
Lochs  Scavaig,  Coruisk,  Slapin,  and 
Broadford,  and  is  predominantly,  pre- 
eminently, grandly,  and  wildly  upland. 
Objects  of  interest  include  Strathaird 
cave,  a  great  rocking-stone,  a  number  of 
tumuli,  and  ruins  of  7  circular  towers 
and  3  ancient  chapels.  The  churches  are 
2  Established,  1  Free,  and  1  Baptist. 
There  are  5  schools,  all  new,  for  439 
scholars. 

STRATH,  seat  in  Halkirk  parish, 
Caithness. 

STRATH,  any  belt  or  band  of  low 
ground,  small  or  great,  between  flanking 
ranges  of  hill  or  mountain,  in  any  part  of 
Scotland. 

STRATHAAN.    See  Stkachan. 

STRATHACHVAICH,  small  belt  of  low 
ground  near  source  of  river  Evelix,  in 
Dornoch  parish,  Sutherland. 

STRATHAFFRICK,  upland  glen,  con- 
taining Lochs  Affrick  and  Beneveian, 
traversed  by  Affrick  rivulet,  and  extend- 
ing 16  miles  north-eastward  to  Chisholm's 
Pass,  in  north-west  of  Inverness-shire. 

STRATHAIRD,  peninsula  and  headland 
between  Loch  Slapin  and  Loch  Scavaig, 
in  Isle  of  Skye.  The  peninsula  extends 
southwards  from  Blabhein  Mountain  ;  and 
it  has  on  its  east  shore,  at  about  2  miles 
from  the  headland,  a  famous  spar  cave. 

STRATHALLADALE,  either  the  glen 
and  vale  of  Halladale  rivulet,  or  that 
rivulet's  entire  basin,  forming  the  Suther- 
land section  of  Reay  parish. 

STRATHALLAN,  valley  of  Allan  river 
in  Perthshire  and  Stirlingshire.  It  gives 
the  title  of  viscount  to  a  branch  of  the 
family  of  Drummond.  The  title  was 
added  to  that  of  Baron  Madderty  in  1686, 
was  forfeited  in  1746,  and  was  restored  in 
1824.  The  Viscount's  seat  is  Strathallan 
Castle,  5  miles  south-east  of  Crieff. 

STRATHARDLE,  upland  glen,  traversed 
by  Ardle  rivulet,  in  north-east  of  Perth- 
shire. 

STRATHAVEN,  town,  7|  miles  by  road, 
but  9^  by  railway,  south-by-west  of  Hamil- 
ton, Lanarkshire.  It  is  partly  old,  irregu- 
lar, and  dense,  and  partly  modern,  neat, 
and  airy ;  it  contains  Avondale  Castle, 
erected  by  grandson  of  Murdoch,  Duke  of 
Albany,  now  a  picturesque  ruin ;  and  it 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  Lan- 
arkshire, a  terminal  railway  station,  3 
banking  offices,  2  Established  churches,  3 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  Free,  Con- 
gregational, and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
and  2  public  schools.    Pop.  in  1871,  3645. 

STRATHAVEN,  glen  and  vale  of  Aven 
river,  Banffshire. 

STRATHAVEN  (EAST),  quoad  sacra 
parish  with  church  in  Strathaven, 
Lanarkshire.    Pop.  2250. 

STRATHBEG,  narrow  fertile  vale,  at 


head  of  Loch  Eriboll,  in  Durness  parish, 
Sutherland. 

STRATHBEG,  lake,  2|  miles  long,  adja- 
cent to  the  coast  and  parallel  with  it,  near 
north-east  extremity  of  Aberdeenshire. 

STRATHBLANE,  village  and  parish  in 
Lennox  district,  Stirlingshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Blane  river,  4  miles  north  of 
Milngavie,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow,  a  railway  station,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  capacity  for  200  scholars. — The  par- 
ish contains  also  Blanefield  village,  mea- 
sures 5  miles  by  4,  and  comprises  9068 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £16,975. 
Pop.  1343.  The  central  section  is  a 
depression  across  the  Lennox  Hills, 
between  the  Kilpatrick  range  on  the 
west,  and  the  Campsie  Fells  on  the  east ; 
comprises  the  upper  and  middle  parts  of 
the  valley  of  the  Blane  ;  descends  from  an 
elevation  of  about  340  feet  to  one  of  about 
100  feet  above  sea-level ;  and,  as  seen 
from  the  head,  presents  a  very  beautiful 
and  picturesque  appearance.  The  west 
side  consists  of  gentle  pleasant  slopes  and 
braes ;  but  the  east  side  rises  into  bold 
lofty  heights,  is  overhung  by  a  grand 
basaltic  colonnade,  and  culminates  at 
north-east  extremity  in  the  loftiest  sum- 
mit of  the  Lennox  Hills.  Chief  seats  are 
Craigend  and  Carbeth ;  chief  antiquities 
are  Mugdock  and  Duntreath  ruined  noble 
castles  ;  and  other  chief  objects  of  interest 
are  Ballagan  Spout  waterfall  and  the 
great  reservoir  of  Glasgow  waterworks. 

STRATHBOGIE,  vale  and  district  in 
north-west  of  Aberdeenshire.  The  vale  is 
traversed  by  Bogie  rivulet  about  14  miles 
northward  to  the  Deveron  in  vicinity  of 
Huntly,  and  is  celebrated  in  song. — The 
district  consists  of  the  estate  given  by 
King  Robert  Bruce  to  the  family  of 
Gordon,  and  comprises  120  square  miles. 

STRATHBRAN,  upper  part  of  vale  of 
Conan  river,  extending  about  14  miles 
eastward,  in  Ross-shire. 

STRATHBRAN,  vale  of  Bran  rivulet  in 
Perthshire. 

STRATHBROCK,  estate  in  Uphall  par- 
ish,  Linlithgowshire. 

STRATHBRORA,  vale  of  rivulet  Brora 
in  south-east  of  Sutherland. 

STRATHBUNGO,  suburban  town,  nom- 
inally about  1^  mile  south  of  Glasgow.  It 
has  a  post  office  with  money  order  depart- 
ment under  Glasgow,  a  railway  station, 
a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  170  scholars. 
Pop.  of  town,  2757 ;  of  quoad  sacra 
parish,  3172. 

STRATHCAIRNAIG,  vale  of  rivulet 
Cairnaig  in  Dornoch  parish,  Sutherland. 

STRATHCARRON,  valley  of  upper  part 
of  Lochcarron  in  south-west  of  Ross-shire. 
It  is  nominally  distinct  from  Glencarron  ; 
traversed  to  the  loch's  head  by  Carron 
river ;  and  at  71  miles  north-east  of  Strome 
Ferry  it  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Ross- 
shire,  and  a  railway  station. 


STR  430  STR 


STRATHCEANNARD,  vale  of  Ceannard 
rivulet,  descending  westward  to  Loch 
Broom,  in  north-west  of  Ross-shire. 

STRATHCLYDE.  See  Clydesdale 
and  Cumbria. 

STRATHCONAN,  reach  of  Conan 
river's  valley  north-eastward  from  foot  of 
Strathgarve,  in  south  -  east  of  Ross-shire. 
It  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Ross- 
shire,  a  Free  church,  and  a  public  school. 

STRATHCROE,  glen  of  Croe  rivulet, 
descending  south-south-westward  to  head 
of  Loch  Duich,  on  south-west  border  of 
Ross-shire. 

STRATHDEARN,  glen  and  basin  _  of 
Findhorn  river  in  Inverness  -  shire, 
Nairnshire,  and  west  border  of  Elginshire. 

STRATHDEE,  valley  of  the  Dee  in 
Aberdeenshire  and  Kincardineshire. 

STRATHDIGHTY,  valley  of  Dighty 
rivulet  in  south  of  Forfarshire. 

STRATHDINARD,  glen,  descending 
about  9  miles  northward  to  head  of  Kyle 
of  Durness,  in  north-west  of  Sutherland. 

STRATHDIRRIE,  wild  moorish  mountain 
glen,  traversed  by  Dime  head-stream  of 
river  Conan,  in  centre  of  Ross-shire. 

STRATHDON,  hamlet  and  parish  on 
west  border  of  Aberdeenshire.  The 
hamlet  lies  on  the  river  Don,  45  miles 
west  of  Aberdeen,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under 
Aberdeen,  a  banking  office,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  large  public 
school. — The  parish  embosoms  part  of 
Tarl and,  measures  16  miles  by  9  across 
the  intersection,  and  comprises  47,728 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8625. 
Pop.  1316.  The  surface  is  remarkably 
diversified,  exhibits  blendings  of  Lowland 
beauty  with  Highland  wildness,  includes 
a  fine  strath  along  the  Don  and  five 
sequestered  glens,  and  contains  rugged 
masses  of  lofty  hill  and  mountain.  Little 
more  than  an  eighth  is  arable  or  wooded, 
and  the  rest  is  either  pastoral  or  waste. 
Chief  seats  are  Castle-Newe,  Edinglassie, 
Candacraig,  Invernan,  Auchornach,  Bella- 
beg,  Skellater,  and  Glenkindy;  and  a  chief 
antiquity  is  Invernochty  dune.  A  quoad 
sacra  parochial  church  and  a  Roman 
Catholic  chapel  are  at  Corgarff ;  and  public 
schools  are  at  Knocklea  and  Forbeston. 

STRATHEARN,  either  the  valley  or  the 
entire  basin  of  the  river  Earn  in  Perth- 
shire. It  exhibits  great  wealth  of  pic- 
turesque landscape  ;  it  formed  a  stewartry, 
with  Crieff  for  its  capital,  in  the  times  of 
hereditary  jurisdiction  ;  and  it  gave  the 
title  of  earl  to  an  old  branch  of  the  royal 
family  of  Stewart,  and  that  of  duke  in  the 
Scottish  peerage  to  the  Duke  of  Kent, 
father  of  Queen  Victoria. 

STRATHEDEN,  valley  of  Eden  river  in 
Fife.  It  gives  the  peerage  title  of  baron 
to  a  branch  of  the  family  of  Campbell. 

STRATHENDRICK,  valley  of  the  End- 
rick,  in  Stirlingshire. 

STRATHENDRY,  seat  in  Leslie  parish, 
Fife. 


STRATHERRICK,  band  of  upland  plain, 
parallel  to  south-east  side  of  greater  part 
of  Loch  Ness,  in  Inverness-shire.  It  is 
mostly  separated  from  the  loch  by  a 
narrow  range  of  hills ;  it  sends  to  the 
loch,  through  that  range,  the  rivulets 
Foyers  and  Farigag  ;  it  exhibits  a  diversity 
of  arable  land,  meadow  tumulation,  and 
moor ;  it  is  flanked  by  lofty  granitic 
heights  with  many  bare  summits  ;  and  it 
has  a  Free  church,  a  Roman  Catholic 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  93 

SCllolcLTS 

STRATHFARRAR,  ancient  district,  ex- 
tending from  Loch  Beauly  up  the  rivers 
Glass  and  Farrar  to  head  of  Glenstrath- 
farrar,  on  north-west  border  of  Inverness- 
shire. 

STRATHFENELLA,  hill  and  narrow  vale 
in  Fordoun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

STRATHFILLAN,  glen  of  rivulet  Fillan, 
descending  10  miles  eastward  from  Benloy 
to  head  of  Glendochart,  in  extreme  south- 
west of  Perthshire.  It  contains  Tyndrum 
village  and  a  Free  church,  and  it  formerly 
had,  about  midway  between  Tyndrum  and 
Crianlarich,  a  priory  founded  by  King 
Robert  Bruce. 

STRATHFLEET,  valley  of  Fleet  rivulet 
in  south-east  of  Sutherland. 

STRATHGARRY,  valley  of  Garry  river 
in  Athole  district,  Perthshire. 

STRATHGARTNEY,  tract  along  north 
side  of  Loch  Katrine,  Perthshire. 

STRATHGARVE,  glen  and  vale  traversed 
by  Garve  rivulet,  past  west  base  of  Ben- 
wyvis,  to  conflux  with  the  Conan,  in 
Ross-shire. 

STRATHGLASS,  vale  of  rivers  Glass  and 
Beauly,  from  Chisholm's  Pass  to  head  of 
Loch  Beauly,  in  north-west  of  Inverness- 
shire. 

STRATHGRYFE,  valley  of  the  Gryfe  in 
Renfrewshire,  but  formerly  all  the  Gryfe's 
basin  together  with  part  of  basin  of  the 
Cart. 

STRATHHALLADALE.     See  Strath- 

ALLADALE. 

STRATHHEAD,  tract  in  Auchtergaven 
parish,  Perthshire. 

STRATHHELMSDALE,  glen  and  vale  of 
Helmsdale  river,  Sutherland. 

STRATHIRE.    See  Strathyre. 

STRATHKINNESS,  village  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  in  east  of  Fife.  The  village 
stands  3  miles  west  of  St.  Andrews,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  St.  Andrews,  an 
Established  church,  a  Free  church,  and 
2  public  schools  with  about  223  scholars. 
Pop.  of  the  village,  584 ;  of  the  quoad 
sacra  parish,  1120. 

STRATHL ACHL AN .   See  Stralachlan. 

STRATHLEVEN,  seat  in  vale  of  Leven, 
Dumbartonshire. 

STRATHLOCH.    See  Straloch. 

STRATHMARTINE,  ancient  parish,  now 
united  to  Mains,  in  Forfarshire.  It  has  a 
public  school  with  about  125  scholars. 

STRATHMIGLO,  village  and  parish  on 
north-west  border  of  Fife.     The  village 


STR 


431 


STR 


stands  on  Miglo  rivulet,  8^  miles  north- 
east-by-east of  Kinross,  is  partly  old, 
partly  new,  and  has  a  post  office  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments 
designated  of  Fife,  a  railway  station,  a 
banking  office,  a  parochial  church,  2  Free 
churches,  United  Presbyterian  and  Evan- 
gelical Union  churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  258  scholars.  Pop.  585. —The 
parish  contains  also  Edenshead  village, 
measures  about  5|  miles  by  3f ,  and  com- 
prises 9024  acres.  Keal  property  in 
1880-81,  £13,925.  Pop.  2061.  The  sur- 
face includes  low  skirts  of  the  Ochil  Hills 
on  the  north,  and  most  of  the  bold  lofty 
West  Lomond  Hill  on  the  south,  but  con- 
sists chiefly  of  a  fine  valley  traversed  by 
Miglo  rivulet  or  upper  reach  of  the  Eden. 
A  great  assemblage  of  cairns  and  tumuli 
was  formerly  in  the  west,  and  has  been 
regarded  by  some  persons  as  occupying 
the  battlefield  of  Mons  Grampus  between 
the  Caledonians  and  the  Romans. 

STRATHMORE,  belt  or  band  of  plain 
extending  north-eastward  from  centre  of 
main  body  of  Dumbartonshire  to  the 
German  Ocean  at  Stonehaven.  It  is 
flanked  along  all  north-west  side  by  the 
frontier  Grampians,  along  the  south-east 
side  by  successively  the  Lennox,  the  Ochil, 
the  Sidlaw,  and ,  the  southern  Kincar- 
dineshire hills ;  it  measures  about  80 
miles  in  length,  and  from  1  mile  to  16 
miles  in  breadth,  but  over  most  part  from 
6  to  8  miles  in  breadth  ;  it  is  most  uniform 
and  distinctive  in  character,  and  bears 
emphatically  the  name  of  Strathmore, 
from  about  Methven  in  Perthshire  to  a 
line  a  little  north-east  of  Brechin  in  For- 
farshire ;  and  it  gives  the  title  of  earl  to 
the  family  of  Lyon,  whose  seat  is  at 
Glammis. 

STRATHMORE,  vale,  descending  to  head 
of  Loch  Eynort,  in  Isle  of  Skye. 

STRATHMORE,  vale,  traversed  by  More 
rivulet  to  head  of  Loch  Hope,  in  north- 
west of  Sutherland. 

STRATHMORE,  vale,  containing  Loch 
More,  in  Halkirk  parish,  Caithness. 

STRATHMUDALE,  glen,  traversed  by 
Mudale  rivulet  to  Loch  Naver,  in  centre 
of  Sutherland. 

STRATHNAIRN,  Highland  part  of  river 
Nairn's  basin,  chiefly  in  Inverness-shire, 
and  partly  in  Nairnshire.  It  gives  the 
peerage  title  of  baron  to  the  family  of 
Rose. 

STRATHNAVER,  glen,  occupied  by  Loch 
Naver  and  traversed  thence  to  the  sea  by 
river  Naver,  in  north  of  Sutherland. 

STRATHNITH.    See  Nithsdale. 

STRATHOIKELL,  valley  of  the  Oikell, 
on  mutual  border  of  Sutherland  and  Ross- 
sbire. 

STRATHORD,  district,  with  railway  sta- 
tion 7  miles  north  of  Perth. 

STRATHORE,  estate,  3J  miles  north- 
north-west  of  Dysart,  Fife. 

STRATHPEFFER,  village  and  valley  in 
south-east    of   Ross-shire.     The  village 


stands  adjacent  to  east  skirt  of  Benwyvis, 
5  miles  west  of  Dingwall ;  is  a  favourite 
inland  watering-place,  with  mineral  springs; 
is  also  the  best  starting-point  for  ascending 
Benwyvis ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Dingwall,  a  railway  station,  2  hotels, 
a  pump-room  of  1829,  and  a  handsome 
pavilion  with  reading  and  recreation  room 
opened  in  August  1881. — The  valley  ex- 
tends from  skirts  of  Benwyvis  to  vicinity 
of  Dingwall ;  was  the  scene  of  two  severe 
clan  fights  in  15th  century ;  is  flanked  on 
south  side  by  Knockfarrel  with  great 
vitrified  fort ;  and  contains,  near  the 
village,  the  Duchess  of  Sutherland's  seat 
of  Castle  Leod. 

STRATHRATHY,  vale  of  Strathy  rivulet 
in  Farr  parish,  Sutherland. 

STRATHRHIDORCH,  fine  vale,  descend- 
ing westward  to  Ullapool,  in  north-west 
of  Ross-shire. 

STRATHRORY,  glen,  traversed  by  rivulet 
Rory  to  Cromarty  Firth,  in  north-east  of 
Ross-shire. 

STRATHRUSDALE,  pastoral  vale  in  up- 
land part  of  Rosskeen  parish,  Ross-shire. 

STRATHSHIN,  vale  of  loch  and  river 
Shin  in  south  of  Sutherland. 

STRATHSPEY,  valley  of  river  Spey  in 
Inverness-shire,  Elginshire,  and  Banff- 
shire. 

STRATHSWORDALE,  parish  of  Strath 
in  Isle  of  Skye. 

STRATHTAY,  valley  of  the  Tay  from 
Kenmore  to  influx  of  the  Earn,  but  more 
strictly  from  Kenmore  only  to  Logierait, 
in  Perthshire. 

STRATHTUMMEL,  glen  and  valley  of 
Tummel  river,  Perthshire. 

STRATHY,  village,  bay,  headland,  rivu- 
let, and  quoad  sacra  parish  in  north-east 
of  Sutherland.  The  village  stands  at  the 
bay's  head,  24  miles  west-by-south  of 
Thurso,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Thurso, 
an  inn,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  72  scholars. 
— The  bay  extends  northward  from  the 
village,  and  has  a  triangular  outline  with 
shore-sides  If  and  2|  miles  long. — The 
headland  flanks  west  side  of  the  bay, 
extends  to  a  point  3  miles  north  of  the 
village,  and  commands  an  extensive  view. 
— The  rivulet  issues  from  two  small  lakes, 
and  runs  about  14  miles  north-by-eastward 
to  the  bay's  head. — The  parish  consists  of 
the  rivulet's  basin.    Pop.  790. 

STRATHYRE,  village  and  glen  in  Bal- 
quhidder  parish,  Perthshire.  The  village 
stands  in  the  glen,  8|  miles  north-north- 
west of  Callander,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Stirling,  and  a  railway  station. — 
The  vale  extends  from  foot  of  Loch  Yoil 
to  head  of  Loch  Lubnaig,  and  is  mentioned 
in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake. 

STRAVANAN,  small  bay  on  west  side 
of  Bute  Island,  Buteshire. 

STRAVEN.    See  Strathaven. 

STRAVITHY,  seat  and  quondam  f ortalice 
in  Dunino  parish,  Fife. 


STR 


432 


STR 


STREAM,  sound,  with  river-like  current, 
connecting  Cliff  and  Burra  Sounds,  in 
south-west  of  Shetland. 

STRELITZ,  village,  4  miles  south-west 
of  Coupar-Angus,  Perthshire. 

STRETTUM,  brae,  with  memorial  stone 
of  Macbeth,  in  Lumphanan  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

STRICHEN,  town  and  parish  in  Buchan 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  town  stands 
on  the  Ugie,  adjacent  to  Mormond  Hill, 
37  miles  north  of  Aberdeen ;  was  founded 
in  1764 ;  bore,  for  some  time,  the  name  of 
Mormond ;  is  built  on  a  regular  plan,  with 
two  principal  streets  meeting  at  an  angle  ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
department,  under  Aberdeen,  a  railway 
station,  2  banking  offices,  3  hotels,  a  town 
hall,  Establisbed,  Free,  Episcopalian,  and 
Koman  Catholic  churches,  and  2  public 
schools  with  about  200  scholars.  Pop. 
1204.  —  The  parish  contains  also  New 
Leeds  village,  measures  6J  miles  by  3f, 
and  comprises  10,183  acres.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £12,894.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
2348;  quoad  sacra,  2013.  The  surface 
is  cut  into  nearly  equal  parts  by  the  Ugie, 
and  has  a  general  inclination  to  that  river, 
but  is  prevailingly  hilly.  Strichen  House 
is  a  Grecian  edifice  of  1821,  and  has 
grounds  with  remains  of  a  Caledonian 
stone  circle.  There  are  4  schools  for  448 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  120  is  new. 

STRICKATHROW,  parish,  containing 
Inchbare  post  office  village,  on  north 
border  of  Forfarshire.  It  lies  averagely 
3|  miles  north-by-east  of  Brechin,  mea- 
sures about-  6f  miles  by  2,  and  comprises 
5239  acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81, 
£6614.  Pop.  487.  The  middle  district 
is  part  of  Strathmore ;  the  north-west 
district  is  largely  occupied  by  the  con- 
spicuous hill  of  Lundie ;  and  the  south- 
east district  comprises  part  of  Strickathrow 
Hill,  a -plateau  upwards  of  400  feet  high, 
extending  into  three  contiguous  parishes. 
The  seats  are  Strickathrow  House,  Auch- 
enreoch,  and  Newtonmill ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  two  old  signal  stations. 
The  public  school  has  about  81  scholars. 

STRING,  sound  between  Shapinshay  and 
Pomona,  in  Orkney. 

STRING,  or  LINE,  lake  at  eastern  ex- 
tremity of  Kilninver  parish,  Argyle- 
shire. 

STRIVEN,  sea-loch  in  south  of  Cowal, 
Argyleshire.  It  strikes  from  Kyles  of 
Bute  2iy  miles  north  of  Port-Bannatyne  ; 
goes  Sj;  miles  north-north-westward  to 
Ballymore ;  commences  with  a  width  of 
1\  miles,  but  contracts  to  a  width  of  less 
than  \  mile  ;  and  is  flanked  by  steep,  bleak, 
lofty  hill-ranges. 

STROAN,  lake  in  Kells  parish,  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. 

STROMA,  island  in  Pentland  Firth,  %\ 
miles  west-north-west  of  Duncansby  Head, 
Caithness.  It  measures  7  miles  in  circuit, 
rises  mostly  in  lofty  rocky  cliffs,  contains 
some  good  land,  and  has  a  post  office 


under  Wick,  and  a  lofty  iron  beacon. 
Pop.  341. 

STROMBERRY,  headland  at  south- 
western extremity  of  Shapinshay  Island, 
Orkney. 

STROME,  ruined  ancient  fortalice  of 
the  Glengarry  Macdonalds,  in  vicinity  of 
Strome  Ferry,  Boss-shire. 

STROME  FERRY,  place  on  Loch  Car- 
ron,  5  miles  north-east  of  Plockton,  in 
south-east  of  Ross-shire.  It  is  situated  at 
terminus  of  Dingwall  and  Skye  Railway, 
53  miles  west-south-west  of  Dingwall;  is 
the  point  of  communication  with  the 
steamers  to  Skye ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Ross-shire,  and  a 
hotel. 

STROMNESS,  seaport  town  and  parish 
in  south-west  of  Orkney.  The  town 
stands  on  a  fine  bay  14  miles  west-by- 
south  of  Kirkwall ;  adjoins  picturesque 
hill  scenery ;  sprang  from  a  small  hamlet 
in  course  of  last  century;  is  now  nearly 
a  mile  long,  but  very  irregularly  built ; 
possesses  a  safe  commodious  harbour,  with 
new  pier  opened  in  1879 ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  designated  of  Orkney,  3 
banking  offices,  2  hotels,  an  interesting 
museum,  Established,  Free,  and  United 
Presbyterian  churches,  and  2  public  schools 
with  about  220  scholars.  Pop.  1703.— 
The  parish  comprehends  Holm  Island  and 
a  tract  of  about  5  miles  by  3|  in  Pomona. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £5659.  Pop. 
2410.  The  main  or  Pomona  part  is 
bounded  on  the  west  by  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  south  and  south-east  by  Hoy  Sound, 
on  the  north-east  by  Loch  Stenness ;  it 
presents  to  the  Atlantic  a  range  of  cliffs 
from  100  to  500  feet  high,  to  Hoy  Sound 
a  band  of  fertile  lowlands ;  and  it  else- 
where consists  mainly  of  bleak  sterile 
heights.  The  rocks  possess  great  geologi- 
cal interest,  and  were  made  famous  by 
the  publication  of  Hugh  Miller's  Astero- 
lepis  of  Stromness.  Breckness  House, 
erected  in  1633  by  last  Bishop  of  Orkney, 
stands  on  Breckness  Head,  at  west  en- 
trance of  Hoy  Sound ;  and  an  ancient 
cemetery,  with  ruined  church  and  remains 
of  a  monastery,  lies  midway  between  that 
edifice  and  the  town.  There  are  3  schools, 
all  new,  for  350  scholars. 

STRON,  mineral  field  in  Kirkintilloch 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

STRONACHLACHLAR,  place,  with 
steamboat  pier  and  hotel,  on  upper  part 
of  Loch  Katrine,  5  miles  east-by-north  of 
Inversnaid,  and  7 J  west-north-west  of 
Trossachs  pier. 

STRONCHRUBIE,  farm,  with  interesting 
cave  and  vast  ridge  of  limestone  rock,  in 
Assynt  parish,  Sutherland. 

STRONE,  headland  and  village  on  north 
side  of  Holy  Loch,  2 \  miles  north-by-east 
of  Dunoon,  Argyleshire.  The  village  is  a 
modern  watering-place,  consists  chiefly  of 
a  chain  of  villas  and  ornate  cottages,  and 


STR 


433 


SUI 


has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Argyllshire,  a  steamboat  pier,  a  ferry 
station,  a  banking  office,  a  hotel,  a  public 
hall  of  1872,  two  neat  churches,  and  a 
public  school. 

STRONE,  hill  on  west  side  of  Loch 
Lomond,  immediately  north  of  Luss  vil- 
lage, Dumbartonshire.  It  commands  a 
splendid  bird's-eye  view  of  the  lake. 

STRONE,  stream,  with  beautiful  cas- 
cades near  head  of  wooded  glen,  descend- 
ing to  head  of  Loch  Broom,  Ross-shire. 

STRONFERNAN.    See  Seonfeenan. 

STRONFREGGAN,  burn  in  Dairy  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

STRONSAY,  island  and  parish  in  south 
of  North  Isles  division  of  Orkney.  The 
island  is  divided  from  Shapinshay  and 
Pomona  by  a  sound  or  firth  from  4  to  10 
miles  wide ;  lies,  at  its  nearest  point, 
about  12J  miles  north-east  of  Kirkwall; 
measures  7j  miles  by  6j,  but  comprises  an 
area  of  not  more  than  about  13  square 
miles ;  is  so  profusely  and  deeply  indented 
by  bays  as  to  form  a  group  of  peninsulas, 
and  to  contain  no  spot  more  than  a  mile 
from  the  sea ;  consists  of  low  and  ridgy 
land,  nearly  all  capable  of  cultivation ; 
carries  on  extensive  trade  in  catching, 
curing,  and  exporting  herrings ;  and  has  a 
village,  a  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments  under  Kirkwall,  a 
new  pier,  Established  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  3  public  schools  with 
about  207  scholars,  and  several  Picts' 
houses.  Pop.  1268.  —  The  parish  com- 
prehends also  Eday,  Papa  -  Stronsay, 
Pharay,  Auskerry,  Holm  of  Midgarth,  and 
four  pastoral  islets.  Its  length  is  17  miles  ; 
its  greatest  breadth  about  8  miles ;  its 
area,  exclusive  of  intersecting  sea,  about 
26  square  miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£5923.  Pop.  2107.  Established  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches  are  in  Eday, 
and  ruins  or  sites  of  ten  ancient  churches 
are  within  the  parish.  There  are  6  schools 
for  436  scholars,  and  2  of  them  and  en- 
largements for  190  are  new. 

STRONSHIRA,  headland,  with  fine  view, 
in  Inverary  parish,  Argyleshire. 

STRONTIAN,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  north  of  Argyleshire.  The  vil- 
lage stands  on  north  side  near  head  of 
Loch  Sunart,  21  miles  east-north-east  of 
Tobermory ;  was  partly  built  in  1828,  so 
as  to  present  a  neat  appearance ;  is  situ- 
ated at  foot  of  glen,  with  lead  mines 
famous  for  their  mineralogy ;  gives  name 
to  strontites  or  carbonate  of  strontium, 
first  discovered  at  these  mines  in  1790 ; 
and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Argyleshire,  an  inn,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  ac- 
commodation for  138  scholars.  Strontian 
House,  in  vicinity  of  the  village,  is  the 
seat  of  Sir  Thomas  M.  Riddell,  Bart.  The 
parish  comprises  parts  of  Ardnamurchan 
and  Morvern.    Pop.  1360. 


STRONVAR,  seat  near  foot  of  Loch 
Voil,  in  Balquhidder  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

STROWAN,  seat  and  ancient  parish 
in  Strathearn,  Perthshire.  The  seat  is  on 
the  Earn,  3  miles  west  of  Crieff ;  and  the 
parish  is  now  annexed  to  Monivaird,  and 
retains  ruins  of  its  church. 

STRUAN,  hamlet,  with  railway  station 
and  an  inn,  4|  miles  west  of  Blair- Athole, 
Perthshire. 

STRUAN,  hamlet  in  Bracadale  parish, 
near  Bracadale  church,  on  south-west 
coast  of  Isle  of  Skye.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Portree,  and  an  inn. 

STRUBSTER,  ancient  chapelry  in  Wick 
parish,  Caithness. 

STRUDE,  glen  in  the  Ochils  adjacent  to 
Alva  town,  and  often  called  Alva  Glen,  in 
Stirlingshire. 

STRUEY,  range  of  basaltic  sea-cliffs  in 
eastern  vicinity  of  Lag,  on  south  coast  of 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  It  rises  to  a 
height  of  400  feet,  is  cut  by  deep  vertical 
fissures,  and  contains  a  cavern  80  feet 
high,  40  feet  wide,  and  more  than  160  feet 
long. 

STRUIE,  hill,  1088  feet  high,  with 
extensive  view,  adjacent  to  Dornoch  Firth, 
in  Eddertoun  parish,  Ross-shire. 

STRUTHERS,  ruined  ancient  seat  of 
Earls  of  Crawford,  2  miles  south-west  of 
Ceres,  in  Fife. 

STRUTHILL,  well,  long  an  object  of 
strong  popular  superstition,  in  Muthill 
parish,  Perthshire. 

STRUY,jhamlet  and  seat,  12  miles  south- 
west of  Beauly,  Inverness-shire.  The 
hamlet  has  a  post  office  under  Beauly,  and 
an  inn. 

STRYAL,  large  cairn,  alleged  to  have 
been  a  feudal  judgment-place,  in  Mous- 
wald  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

STUARTFIELD.    See  Stewaetfield. 

STUARTON.    See  Stewaeton. 

STUCK,  ancient  cemetery,  with  site  of 
church,  in  north-east  of  Monzie  parish, 
Perthshire. 

STUCKGOUN,  seat  on  Loch  Lomond 
near  Glendouglas,  Dumbartonshire. 

STUIC-A-CHROIN,  curious,  shattered, 
conspicuous  mountain-summit,  3189  feet 
high,  adjacent  to  Benvoirlich,  6  miles 
north  of  Callander,  Perthshire. 

STYWICK,  bay  in  south  -  east  of 
Sanday,  Orkney. 

SUCCOTH,  estate  in  Cardross  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

SUDDEY,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Knockbain,  Ross-shire. 

SUGAR-LOAF.    See  Suilven. 

SUIDHE-CHATAIN,  hill  in  Kingarth 
parish,  Isle  of  Bute. 

SUIDHE-CHUIMAN,  hill,  traversed  by 
military  road,  and  crowned  with  cairn,  in 
Boleskine  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

SUIE,  place,  with  inn,  in  Glendochart, 
Perthshire. 

SUILVEN,  or  SUGAR-LOAF,  mountain, 
2396  feet  high,  3^  miles  east-south-east  of 
2e 


SUL 


434 


SUT 


Lochinver  village,  in  south-west  of  Suther- 
land. 

SULEM.  SeeSULLAM. 

SULISKER,  rocky  isle,  13  leagues 
north  -  west  of  Butt  of  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

SULLAM,  bay  and  hamlet  in  north  of 
Mainland  of  Shetland.  The  bay  is  8 
miles  long,  but  narrow,  and  strikes  south- 
ward from  Yell  Sound,  between  North- 
maven  and  Delting  parishes. — The  hamlet 
lies  on  the  bay,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Lerwick. 

SUMBURGH  HEAD,  bold  lofty  pro- 
montory at  southern  extremity  of  Shet- 
land. It  is  crowned  by  a  lighthouse  with 
fixed  light  visible  at  the  distance  of  21 
nautical  miles. 

SUMBURGH-ROOST,  vexed  and  whirl- 
ing collision  of  tidal  currents,  strong  in 
even  calm  weather  and  terrible  in  storms, 
immediately  south  of  Sumburgh  Head. 

SUMMERHILL,  hamlet  in  New  Machar 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  department,  under 
Aberdeen,  and  2  public  schools  with 
about  131  scholars.    Pop.  204. 

SUMMERHILL,  place,  with  United 
Presbyterian  church,  in  Ayton  parish, 
336rwicksliii,6. 

SUMMER  ISLANDS,  group  of  about  30 
islets  at  mouth  of  Lochbroom,  Boss-shire. 
All  are  bare,  most  are  rocky,  only  about 
nine  have  pasture-ground,  and  only  one  is 
inhabited. 

SUMMERLEE,  section  of  Coatbridge 
town,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  range  of 
blast  iron  furnaces  ;  and  the  new  patent 
blast  was  initiated  here  in  1873. 

SUMMERSDALE,  battlefield  of  1529, 
with  several  tumuli,  in  south  of  Stenness 
parish,  Orkney. 

SUMMERSTON,  station  on  Kelvin 
Valley  Bailway,  on  north-east  verge  of 
Lanarkshire,  between  Maryhill  and  Tor- 
rance. 

SUMMER  VILLE,  seat  in  Troqueer 
parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

SUNADALE,  rivulet,  running  eastward 
to  the  sea  in  Saddell  parish,  Argyleshire. 

SUNART,  sea-loch  and  district  in  north 
of  Argyleshire.  The  loch  strikes  from 
north  end  of  Sound  of  Mull ;  goes  14  miles 
eastward  to  within  5  miles  of  upper  part 
of  Loch  Linnhe ;  ranges  in  width  from  3 
miles  at  the  mouth  to  3  furlongs  at  the 
head ;  looks  mostly  like  a  series  of  inland 
lakes ;  and  has  shores  and  flanks  exhibit- 
ing much  Highland  scenery. — The  district 
lies  between  Ardnamurchan-proper  and 
Ardgour;  is  bounded  on  the  south  by 
upper  part  of  Loch  Sunart,  on  the  north 
by  Loch  Shiel ;  measures  12  miles  by  6  ; 
and  contains  the  village  and  mines  of 
Strontian. 

SUNDAYWELL,  old  tower,  a  retreat  of 
the  persecuted  Covenanters,  in  west  of 
Dunscore  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

SUNDERLAND,  seat  on  the  Tweed,  3 
miles  north  of  Selkirk. 


SUNDERLAND,  seat  on  west  side  of 
Lochindaal,  Islay  Island,  Argyleshire. 

SUNDHOPE,  burn,  with  fine  cascades,  in 
Castleton  parish,  Boxburghshire. 

SUNDRUM,  seat  in  Coylton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

SUNIPOL,  seat  near  Callioch  Point,  on 
north-west  coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyle- 
shire. 

SUNLAWS,  seat  on  the  Teviot,  3  miles 
south-by-west  of  Kelso,  Boxburghshire. 

SUNNYBANK,  place,  with  quarries,  3 
miles  south-east  of  Dunfermline. 

SUNNYBRAE,  village  in  Middlebie 
perish,  Dumfriesshire. 

SUNNYSIDE,  seat  in  Liberton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

SUNNYSIDE,  seat  on  steep  bank  of  the 
Clyde,  1^  mile  north-west  of  Lanark. 

SUNNYSIDE,  place,  with  large  recent 
lunatic  asylum,  2\  miles  north-north-west 
of  Montrose,  Forfarshire. 

SUSANNAH,  lead  mine  adjacent  to  Lead- 
hills,  Lanarkshire. 

SUTHERLAND,  or  SUTHERLANDSHIRE, 
maritime  county  in  extreme  north-west  of 
Scottish  mainland.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  ¥g&H0QH9m',  on  the  east  by 
Caithness ;  on  the  south-east  by  Dornoch 
Firth  ;  on  the  south  by  Boss  and  Cromarty ; 
on  the  west  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Its 
length  is  62  miles ;  its  breadth  49  miles ; 
its  area  1886  square  miles.  The  eastern 
boundary  is  a  line  of  watershed  nearly  all 
hilly  or  mountainous  ;  and  the  southern 
one  is  mostly  the  Kyle  of  Dornoch  Firth 
and  the  river  Oikell,  and  partly  a  chain  of. 
lakes  and  streams  westward  to  the  Atlantic. 
The  south-east  coast  has  nearly  all  a  belt 
of  rich  low  ground  from  \  mile  to  2  miles 
broad ;  the  north  coast  also  includes  por- 
tions of  low  seaboard  ;  but  most  of  the 
north  coast  and  all  the  west  coast  exhibit 
a  series  of  bold  headlands,  deep  bays, 
beetling  cliffs,  long  sea-lochs,  and  salient 
promontories.  Chief  projections  are 
Strathy  Head,  "Whiten  Head,  Farout  Head, 
Cape  Wrath,  and  Bhu store ;  and  chief 
intersections  are  Kyle  of  Tongue,  Loch 
Eriboll,  Kyle  of  Durness,  Loch  Inchard, 
Loch  Laxford,  and  Kyle-Scow.  The  interior 
has  considerable  aggregate  of  low  ground 
in  bottoms  of  glens,  along  lakes  and  streams, 
but  lies  mostly  on  a  basis  of  averagely 
about  1500  feet  above  sea-level,  and  con- 
sists mainly  of  mountains  with  numerous 
summits  at  altitudes  of  from  2000  to  3281 
feet.  The  mountains  have  much  diversity 
of  both  form  and  amassment ;  they  include 
one  continuous  watershed  going  sinuously 
through  most  of  the  centre  ;  and  those  in 
the  middle  and  southern  parts  of  the  west 
have  more  sharpness  of  feature,  more 
intricacy  of  arrangement,  more  spiriness 
and  shatteredness,  than  are  found  in  any 
other  tract  in  the  kingdom.  Chief  glens 
and  streams  are  Halladale,  Strathy,  Naver, 
Melness,  Hope,  Assynt,  Shin,  Oikell, 
Evelix,  Fleet,  Brora,  and  Helmsdale ; 
and  chief  fresh-water  lakes  are  Naver, 


SUT 


435 


SYM 


Loyal,  Hope,  Stack,  More,  Assynt,  Vattie, 
Shin,  Fleet,  and  Brora.  Principal  rocks 
of  economic  value  are  marbles  in  the  west, 
and  oolitic  and  lias  deposits  in  the  east. 
Arable  husbandry  is  very  limited,  but  skil- 
ful ;  pastoral  husbandry  has  superseded 
the  arable  in  much  of  the  glens.  Fisheries 
are  extensive ;  and  manufactures  are  of 
very  little  note.  An  enormous  proportion 
of  the  land  is  waste  ;  and  a  vigorous, 
extensive,  costly  enterprise  for  reclamation 
was  begun  by  the  Duke  of  Sutherland  in 
1874.  The  earldom  of  Sutherland,  ranking  as 
the  premier  earldom  of  Scotland,  dates  from 
about  1228 ;  the  dukedom  of  Sutherland, 
in  peerage  of  the  United  Kingdom,  dates 
from  1833 ;  and  both  belong  to  the  family 
of  Leveson-Gower,  with  the  seats  of  Dun- 
robin  Castle  and  Tongue  House  within  the 
county.  The  antiquities  include  Caledonian 
stone  circles,  Scandinavian  forts,  Pictish 
forts,  mediseval  castles,  and  a  restored 
cathedral.  The  only  towns  with  each 
more  than  1000  inhabitants  are  Helmsdale 
and  Golspie ;  the  only  villages  with  each 
more  than  500  inhabitants  are  Dornoch, 
Brora,  Embo,  Portskerry,  and  Bonar  ;  and 
the  first  of  these  five  villages  is  the  capital. 
Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £97,749.  Pop. 
in  1871,  24,317  ;  in  1881,  23,365. 

SUTORS-OF-CROMARTY,  two  bold  pro- 
montorial  wooded  hills,  almost  resembling 
sides  of  a  stupendous  gateway,  at  mouth 
of  Cromarty  Firth. 

SUURSAY,  islet  in  Sound  of  Harris, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

SWAINBOST,  range  of  village  northward 
from  Cross,  in  Barras  parish,  Lewis,  Outer 
Hebrides.  Pop.  of  Swainbost-proper,  336  ; 
with  Cross,  Habost,  Lional,  and  Port,  1495. 

SWAITES,  hill  in  Pettinain  parish,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

SWAN  A.    See  SWONA. 

SWANBISTER,  ruined  remnant  of  palace 
of  Earls  of  Orkney,  on  coast,  6^  miles  south- 
west of  Kirkwall,  Orkney. 

SWANSTON,  village,  Smiles  south-south- 
west of  Edinburgh. 

SWARTMILL,  lake  in  Westray  Island, 
Orknev. 

SWEETHEART  ABBEY.  See  NEW  abbey. 

SWENO'S  STONE,  interesting  sculptured 
ancient  obelisk  in  vicinity  of  Forres,  Elgin- 
shire. 

SWIN,  sea-loch  in  west  of  Knapdale, 
Argyleshire.  It  opens  opposite  southern 
part  of  J ura  ;  strikes  north-north-eastward 
in  such  divergent  line  as  to  leave  only  a 
narrow  peninsula  between  it  and  Jura 
Sound  ;  measures  10  miles  in  length,  and 
from  24;  miles  to  5  furlongs  in  width  ;  has 
intricately-cut  shores  and  wooded  sloping 
hilly  screens  ;  and  adjoins,  at  two  miles 
from  its  mouth,  the  ruined  strong  ancient 
fortalice  of  Castle  Swin. 

SWINANESS,  headland,  with  rare 
minerals,  on  east  side  of  Unst  Island, 
Shetland. 

SWINDON,  hill  in  Morebattle  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 


SWTNDRIDGE,  seat  near  Dairy,  Ayr- 
shire. 

SWINEHILL,  colliery  in  Dalserf  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

SWINEY,  village,  mansion,  and  ruined 
feudal  fortalice,  12  miles  south-west  of 
Wick,  Caithness.  The  village  has  a 
public  school  with  about  84  scholars,  and 
an  inn. 

SWINNA.    See  SWONA. 

S WINNIE,  place,  with  traces  of  ancient 
camp,  in  Jedburgh  parish,  Boxburgh shire. 

SWINSEY,  affluent  of  the  Annock  at 
Stewarton,  Ayrshire. 

SWINTON,  village  and  parish  in  Merse 
district,  Berwickshire.  The  village  stands 
on  Leet  rivulet,  5  miles  south  -  east  of 
Dunse,  stands  round  a  large  green,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  de- 
partment, under  Dunse,  an  inn,  an  ancient 
cross,  Established  and  Free  churches,  and 
2  public  schools  with  accommodation  for 
232  scholars.  Pop.  434.  —  The  parish 
measures  about  4  miles  by  3,  and  comprises 
5561  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£11,364.  Pop.  964.  The  surface  is  partly 
a  series  of  low,  billowy,  parallel  ridges, 
partly  a  series  of  interjacent  level  tracts. 
Swinton  House  is  a  handsome  modern 
edifice  on  site  of  one  of  great  antiquity. 

SWINTON,  village  in  Old  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  619. 

SWINTON  BANK,  seat  in  northern 
vicinity  of  Peebles. 

SWONA,  island  in  Pentland  Firth,  3 
miles  west-by-north  of  southern  extremity 
of  South  Ronaldshay  Island,  Orkney.  Its 
length  is  1J  mile  :  its  mean  breadth  less 
than  \  mile.  Pop.  47.  Whirlpools, 
called  Wells  of  Swona,  are  adjacent. 

SWONA,  lake,  5  miles  in  circuit,  near 
northern  extremity  of  Pomona,  Orkney. 

SWORDLE,  village  in  Stornoway  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  219. 

SWORDLY,  vale  and  bay  in  Farr  parish, 
Sutherland. 

SWORDWELL,  battlefield  between 
Scotch  and  English  in  Dornock  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

SYDSERF,  decayed  mansion  in  North 
Berwick  parish,  Haddingtonshire. 

SYMINGTON,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
west of  Kyle,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands 
5  miles  south-west  of  Kilmarnock,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Kilmarnock,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  96  scholars.  —  The  parish 
measures  about  4  miles  by  lj,  and  com- 
prises 3725  acres.  Real  property  in  1879- 
80,  £7467.  Pop.  697.  The  land  has 
pleasant  diversity  of  swells  and  slopes, 
and  is  partly  wooded  and  all  elsewhere 
arable.  Chief  seats  are  Williamfield, 
Kosemount,  Dankeith,  and  Townend. 

SYMINGTON,  village  and  parish  in 
upper  ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village 
stands  adjacent  to  the  Clyde,  7  miles 
south-east  of  Carstairs  Junction,  and  has 
a  post  office  under  Biggar,  a  renovated  very 
old  church,   and  a  public  school  with 


SYM  436 


accommodation  for  71  scholars.  —  The 
parish  measures  3  miles  by  nearly  1^,  and 
comprises  3504  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £5913.  Pop.  462.  The  surface 
includes  a  low  tract  of  arable  land  along 
the  Clyde,  and  rises  thence  in  high  pastoral 
land  to  the  summit  of  Tinto  Mountain. 
Chief  antiquities  are  vestiges  of  a  camp 
near  the  village,  and  remains  of  a  castle 
on  the  slope  of  Tinto. 

SYMINGTON,  seat  in  Stow  parish, 
E  d  inburghsh  ire. 

SYNNINESS,  old  castle  on  Luce  Bay,  3 
miles  south-south-east  of  Glenluce,  "Wigton- 
shire. 

SYNTON,  seat  in  Ashkirk  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

SYPLAND  (LITTLE  and  MUCKLE),  two 

farms,  with  large  ancient  Caledonian  forts, 
in  Kirkcudbright  parish,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

SYSTER,  lake  in  Dunnet  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 


TAARNER,  islet  at  mouth  of  Loch 
Bracadale,  Isle  of  Skye. 

TACTAGILL,  burn  in  Sandsting  parish, 
Shetland. 

TAFTSNESS,  promontorial  headland  at 
northern  extremity  of  Sanday  Island, 
Orkney. 

TAIN,  town  and  parish  on  north-east 
border  of  Ross-shire.  The  town  stands 
near  south  shore  of  Dornoch  Firth,  44£ 
miles  north  -  by  -  east  of  Inverness  ;  is 
thought  to  have  been  the  earliest  chief 
seat  of  bishopric  of  Ross ;  was  long  the 
capital  of  Ross-shire  ;  ranks  now  as  the 
political  capital  of  Easter  Ross,  and  as  a 
royal  and  parliamentary  burgh ;  unites 
with  Dingwall,  Cromarty,  Dornoch,  "Wick, 
and  Kirkwall  in  sending  a  member  to 
Parliament ;  presents  an  agreeable  appear- 
ance amid  splendid  environs ;  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
railway  station,  4  banking  offices,  2  hotels, 
county  buildings  of  1825  with  fine  spired 
anoient  tower,  a  public  hall  of  1876,  a 
memorial  fountain  of  1877,  a  collegiate 
church  of  1471  used  till  1815  as  parochial, 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  a  famous  academy,  and  3  public 
schools  with  about  339  scholars.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5879.  Pop.  1742  — 
The  parish  contains  also  Inver  village,  and 
measures  about  9J  miles  by  4|.  Real 
property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£6948.  Pop.  3009.  A  low  sandy  plain 
lies  along  the  firth ;  a  gently  sloping  and 
highly  cultivated  tract,  more  extensive 
than  the  plain,  occupies  the  centre ;  and 
a  hilly  tract,  with  maximum  summit  of 
about  700  feet,  lies  along  the  south.  Chief 
seats  are  Hartfield,  Rosemount,  and 
Knockbreck ;  and  an  interesting  antiquity 
is  a  ruined  small  ancient  chapel,  which 
had  the  privilege  of  sanctuary,  and  figured 
curiously  in  the  personal  history  of 
James  V. 


TAN 


TAING,  hamlet  on  Fair  Island,  Shetland. 

TAIRLOUR,  head  -  stream  of  Girvan 
river,  Ayrshire. 

TAIRTH.    See  Tarth. 

TAIT'S  CROSS,  quondam  notable  monu- 
mental stone  on  hill  at  head  of  Kirkhope 
vale,  in  Selkirkshire. 

TALISKER,  seat,  bay,  and  very  bold 
and  lofty  headland  in  north-west  of  Min- 
ginish  district,  Isle  of  Skye. 

TALLA,  islet,  with  ruined  ancient  noble 
castle,  in  Monteith  lake,  on  south-west 
border  of  Perthshire. 

TALLA,  rivulet,  running  7  miles  north- 
ward and  north-westward  to  the  Tweed  in 
Tweedsmuir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

TALMINE,  hamlet  and  bay  on  west 
side  of  Kyle  of  Tongue,  Sutherland.  The 
hamlet  has  a  post  office  under  Thurso. 

TAMNAHARA,  hill-summit,  530  feet 
high,  in  Roseneath  peninsula,  Dumbarton- 
shire. It  adjoins  a  small  lake,  and  com- 
mands a  very  grand  view. 

TAMNATHERSKINS,  hill  in  Killearn 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

TAMNAVOULAN.    See  Tomnavoulin. 

TANERA,  largest  of  the  Summer  Islands, 
in  west  of  Ross-shire.    Pop.  119. 

TANFIELD,  small  suburb  on  left  side  of 
"Water  of  Leith  in  north  of  Edinburgh. 
An  extensive  suite  of  fortress-like  buildings 
was  erected  here  in  1825  for  a  purpose 
which  speedily  collapsed ;  and  a  large 
hall  formed  within  it  was  the  meeting- 
place  of  the  Free  Church  General  Assembly 
from  its  origin  in  1843  till  1856. 

TANGLEHA,  fishing  village  in  St.  Cyrus 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

TANKERNESS,  hamlet,  seat,  and  head- 
land in  St.  Andrews  parish,  Orkney.  The 
hamlet  has  a  public  school  with  about  83 
scholars. 

TANNA,  lake,  3J  miles  in  circuit,  within 
a  ravine  of  upper  part  of  Gleniorsa,  in 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

TANNACH,  seat  and  moss  in  "Wick  par- 
ish, Caithness. 

TANNACHY,  seat,  3J  miles  south-west 
of  Buckie,  Banffshire. 

TANNADICE,  village  and  parish  in 
centre  of  Forfarshire.  The  village  stands 
on  the  South  Esk,  5£  miles  north  of 
Forfar,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Forfar, 
a  handsome  parochial  church  of  1846,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  97  scholars. — 
The  parish  measures  12  miles  by  8,  and 
comprises  21,328  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £15,611.  Pop.  1254.  The  south- 
ern district  is  part  of  Strathmore,  and  the 
central  and  northern  ones  ascend  gradu- 
ally to  skirts  of  Benchinnan  Mountains, 
with  maximum  height  of  about  800  feet 
above  sea-level.  The  seats  are  Downie- 
park,  Inshewan,  Tannadice,  Whitewell, 
Easter  Ogle,  "Wester  Ogle,  Glenquiech,  and 
Wester  Markhouse ;  and  the  antiquities 
are  sites  of  three  sepulchral  tumuli  and 
two  strong  baronial  castles.  There  are 
3  schools  with  accommodation  for  265 
scholars. 


TAN 


437 


TAR 


TANNER,  rivulet,  running  11  miles 
north-eastward  to  the  Dee  at  1|  mile 
west  of  Aboyne,  Aberdeenshire. 

TANTALLON,  ruined  strong  famous 
ancient  castle  on  peninsulated  lofty  pre- 
cipitous sea-rock,  2f  miles  east  of  North 
Berwick,  Haddingtonshire.  It  belonged, 
in  the  time  of  Robert  II.,  and  till  1455,  to 
the  Earls  of  Douglas ;  it  possessed  then 
such  force  against  assailants  that  to  '  ding 
it  doon '  became  proverbially  as  impossible 
as  to  '  mak'  a  brig  to  the  Bass  ; '  it  passed 
to  the  Earls  of  Angus,  and  served  them  to 
give  defiance  to  James  IV.  and  James  v.  ; 
it  was  besieged  and  captured  in  1639  by 
the  Covenanters  ;  and  it  went,  by  sale,  in 
beginning  of  18th  century,  to  Lord  Presi- 
dent Dalrymple,  and  was  then  relinquished 
to  decay.  It  formed  an  irregular  hexagon, 
could  be  approached  only  by  a  drawbridge, 
was  defended  there  by  very  massive  towers; 
and  it  continues  tolerably  entire  in  its 
outer  walls,  but  is  roofless,  crushed,  and 
chaotic  throughout  its  interior.  A  graphic 
description  of  it,  in  its  former  condition, 
occurs  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Marmion. 

TARANSAY,  island  off  mouth  of  West 
Loch  Tarbert,  in  north-west  of  Harris, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  measures  4^  miles  by 
fully  2,  and  consists  of  two  considerable 
peninsulated  hills,  and  narrow  sandy 
isthmus.    Pop.  55. 

TARBAT,  parish  in  extreme  north-east 
of  Ross-shire.  It  contains  Portmahomack 
post  office  village  and  Balnabruach  and 
Rockfield  villages,  and  projects  between 
Dornoch  Firth  and  Moray  Firth.  Its 
length  is  1\  miles ;  its'  greatest  breadth 
4^  miles.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£8204.  Pop.  1878.  The  coast  measures 
about  15  miles ;  is  partly  cavernous,  and 
mostly  bluff  and  rocky,  but  not  high ;  and 
includes  six  natural  harbours.  The  in- 
terior is  a  plain,  diversified  by  low  rising- 
grounds  ;  and  the  north-eastern  district, 
to  the  length  of  5|  miles,  is  a  peninsula, 
diminishing  from  a  breadth  of  If  mile  to 
the  point  of  Tarbatness.  The  only  man- 
sion is  Geanies ;  the  chief  antiquities  are 
the  large  dilapidated  noble  castle  of 
Balone,  remains  or  sites  of  five  other  castles, 
and  vestiges  of  a  Roman  camp  and  a 
Roman  landmark ;  and  an  interesting 
object  is  a  beautiful  piece  of  stone- work 
called  Dingwall's  Tomb.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free  ;  and  the  schools 
are  2  new  ones  with  accommodation  for 
357  scholars. 

TARBAT,  estate  from  2f  to  7  miles 
north-east  of  Invergordon,  Ross-shire.  It 
has  a  modern  mansion  adjacent  to  site  of 
grand  old  demolished  castle  ;  it  belonged 
to  the  Earls  of  Cromarty,  and  gave  them 
the  title  of  viscount ;  and  it  descended, 
along  with  the  title,  to  the  lady  who  in 
1849  became  Duchess  of  Sutherland. 

TARBAT,  burn,  running  to  left  side  of 
the  Don  near  Aberdeen. 

TARBATNESS,  terminating  point  of 
Tarbat  peninsula,  13  miles  east-north-east 


of  Tain,  Ross-shire.  It  has  a  lighthouse 
with  light  constant  in  one  direction  but 
intermittent  in  another,  visible  at  the 
distance  of  18  nautical  miles. 

TARBERT,  bay,  seaport  town,  and 
quoad  sacra  parish  on  west  side  of  lower 
reach  of  Loch  Fyne,  in  Argyleshire.  The 
bay  opens  at  7  miles  north  of  Skipness 
Point ;  is  about  a  mile  long,  and  nowhere 
more  than  about  3  furlongs  wide ;  forms 
first  a  narrow  winding  passage  between 
low  ridges  of  naked  rock,  next  a  fine  land- 
locked natural  harbour;  bears  the  alter- 
native name  of  East  Loch  Tarbert ;  and  is 
separated  by  only  a  small  isthmus  from 
head  of  West  Loch  Tarbert. — The  town 
stands  at  the  bay's  head ;  carries  on  ex- 
tensive herring  fishery ;  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Greenock,  a  steamboat 
quay,  a  banking  office,  2  inns,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  a  public  school  with 
about  135  scholars,  and  the  ruins  of  three 
ancient  castles  which  commanded  the 
isthmus.  Pop.  of  the  town,  1621 ;  of  the 
quoad  sacra  parish,  2017. 

TARBERT,  hamlet,  with  Free  church, 
at  head  of  West  Loch  Tarbert,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

TARBERT,  hill  in  West  Kilbride  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

TARBERT,  curving  glen,  about  9  miles 
long,  traversed  by  rivulet  to  south-east 
side  of  Loch  Eil  at  3  miles  south-west  of 
Fort- William,  Inverness-shire. 

TARBERT,  glen,  between  Lochs  Sunart 
and  Linnhe,  in  north  of  Argyleshire. 

TARBERT,  narrow  sea -loch,  striking 
about  5  miles  eastward  from  north  end  of 
Islay  Sound,  and  nearly  bisecting  Jura 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

TARBERT  (EAST),  village  in  Harris, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  230. 

TARBERT  (EAST  and  WEST),  two  sea- 
lochs  on  mutual  boundary  of  Knapdale  and 
Kintyre,  Argyleshire.  The  East  loch  is 
called  also  Tarbert  Bay,  and  has  been 
noticed  in  our  article  on  Tarbert. — The 
West  loch  has  a  steamboat  quay  at  its 
head  within  a  mile  of  Tarbert  town  ;  de- 
scends 11  miles  south  -  westward  to  the 
sea  opposite  middle  part  of  Islay  ;  has  a 
mean  breadth  of  about  f  mile  ;  and  is  flanked 
with  ornate  slopes  and  gentle  hills  con- 
taining two  villages  and  numerous  villas 
and  mansions.  A  project  was  started  in 
1882  to  connect  the  heads  of  the  lochs  by 
a  canal  18  feet  deep  and  56  feet  wide, 
estimated  to  cost  £200,000. 

TARBERT  (EAST  and  WEST),  two  sea- 
lochs,  nearly  bisecting  Harris,  Outei 
Hebrides.  The  East  loch  commences 
around  Scalpa  Island,  strikes  about  5 
miles  north-westward,  is  mostly  from  4|  to 
nearly  2  miles  wide,  and  forks  at  its  head 
into  2  small  bays. — The  West  loch  com- 
mences within  \  mile  of  one  of  these  bays, 
extends  6  miles  westward,  expands  from 
little  more  than  a  point  to  a  width  of  i\ 
|  miles,  is  overhung  by  precipitous  lofty 


TAR 


438 


TAY 


mountains,  and  is  screened  across  the 
mouth  by  Taransay  Island. 

TARBET,  village  on  west  side  of  Loch 
Lomond,  1^  mile  east  of  Arrochar,  Dum- 
bartonshire. It  stands  on  small  bay 
opposite  main  front  of  Benlomond,  com- 
mands an  impressive  view  of  upper  reaches 
of  the  lake,  and  has  a  steamboat  pier  and 
a  large  hotel. 

TARBET  CASTLE,  or  FIDRAY,  pictur- 
esque islet,  3  miles  west-north-west  of 
North  Berwick,  Haddingtonshire. 

TARBET  (EAST  and  WEST),  two  small 
bays  at  east  and  west  sides  of  isthmus 
near  Mull  of  Galloway,  Wigtonshire. 

TARBOLTON,  village  and  parish  in  Kyle 
district,  Ayrshire.  The  village  stands  4 
miles  west  of  Mauchline,  was  from  1777 
till  1784  a  habitual  resort  of  the  poet 
Burns,  adjoins  or  is  near  numerous  objects 
or  scenes  which  figure  in  his  writings,  and 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  designated  of  Ayr- 
shire, a  railway  station,  2  inns,  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian 
churches,  and  2  public  schools.  Pop. 
922.  —  The  parish  measures  7  miles  by 
4,  and  comprises  12,059  acres.  Beal  pro- 
perty in  1879-80,  £23,571.  Pop.  3599. 
Ayr  river  traces  most  of  the  south- 
eastern boundary.  The  land  adjacent  to 
the  river  is  low,  and  the  rest  consists 
partly  of  arable  hill-ridges.  The  seats 
are  Montgomery,  Enterkin,  Smithston, 
Drumley,  and  Afton  Lodge ;  and  chief 
antiquities  are  ruins  of  Fail  monastery  and 
traces  of  reputed  Boman  camp.  There 
were  3  schools  for  465  scholars,  and  the 
board  abolished  2  of  them  for  295,  and  pro- 
vided a  new  one  and  an  enlargement  for  430. 

TARF,  rivulet  and  railway  station  in 
Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  rivulet  runs  about 
11  miles  southward  to  the  Dee  at  If  mile 
north  of  Kirkcudbright ;  and  the  station 
stands  adjacent  to  it,  3J  miles  from  Kirk- 
cudbright. 

TARF,  real  head-stream  of  the  Tilt,  on 
north  border  of  Athole,  Perthshire.  It 
rises  and  runs  among  the  Central  Gram- 
pians, goes  9  miles  eastward  to  confluence 
with  the  nominal  Tilt,  and  is  all  flanked  and 
overhung  by  alpine  masses. 

TARF,  affluent  of  the  North  Esk  in 
Lochlee  parish,  Forfarshire. 

TARFF,  rivulet,  running  7  miles  curvingly 
north-westward  to  head  of  Loch  Ness  at 
Fort-Augustus,  Inverness-shire. 

TARFSIDE,  hamlet  in  Lochlee  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Brechin. 

TARLAIN,  mineral  spring  on  the  coast 
near  Macduff,  Banffshire. 

TARLAND,  village  and  parish  in  south- 
west of  Aberdeenshire.  The  village  stands 
on  burn  of  its  own  name,  5  miles  north- 
west of  Aboyne,  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
under  Aberdeen,  2  banking  offices,  Es- 
tablished and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school.    Pop.  374.— The  parish  has  a  main 


body  of  about  5  miles  by  4,  includes  a  large 
detached  district  about  8  miles  to  the  west- 
north-west,  and  comprises  17,353  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £6992.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1173;  quoad  sacra,  1051. 
A  considerable  aggregate  of  low  ground  lies 
along  the  course  of  streams,  but  most  of  the 
surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  Chief 
seats  are  Skellater,  Edinglassie,  Candacraig, 
and  Inverearnan  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
remains  of  Caledonian  stone  circles,  and 
vestiges  of  an  old  noble  castle.  A  small 
Established  church  is  in  Migvie,  and  3 
schools  for  236  scholars  are  in  the  parish. 

TARLOGIE,  estate  in  Tain  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

TARNTY.    See  Trinity  Gask. 

TARRANSAY.    See  Taransay. 

TARRAS,  rivulet,  running  9  miles  south- 
south-westward  to  the  Esk  at  2^  miles 
south  of  Langholm,  Dumfriesshire.  It 
has  a  rugged  bed,  an  impetuous  current, 
and  romantic  banks ;  and  it  gave  the 
title  of  earl  in  1660  to  a  member  of  the 
family  of  Scott. 

TARRIEMOUNT,  place,  with  slate 
quarry,  in  Rathven  parish,  Banffshire. 

TARRYCROYS,  hamlet  in  Keith  parish, 
Banffshire.  It  has  a  public  school  with 
about  84  scholars. 

TARTH,  rivulet,  running  about  8  miles 
south-eastward  to  the  Lyne  near  Drochil 
Castle,  Peeblesshire. 

TARTY,  eminence  in  Logie-Buchan  par- 
ish, Aberdeenshire. 

TARVES,  village  and  parish  in  Ellon 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village 
stands  6  miles  west  of  Ellon,  and  has  a 
post  office  under  Aberdeen,  a  banking 
office,  a  parochial  church  with  870  sittings, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  64  scholars. 
— The  parish  contains  also  Craigdam,  mea- 
sures 12  miles  by  8,  and  comprises  16,303 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £14,841. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  2558;  quoad  sacra, 
1827.  The  land  is  partly  low,  partly 
undulating  and  slightly  hilly,  and  is 
watered  by  the  Ythan  and  numerous 
burns.  The  only  mansion  is  Schivas,  and 
the  chief  antiquity  is  the  ruin  of  Tolquhon 
Castle.  A  United  Presbyterian  church  is 
at  Craigdam.  Four  schools  for  444  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them  and  an 
enlargement  for  170  are  new. 

TARVIT,  seat  and  hill,  the  latter 
crowned  by  old  tower  50  feet  high, 
in  south-eastern  vicinity  of  Cupar,  Fife. 

TAY,  lake  in  Breadalbane  district, 
Perthshire,  and  river  flowing  thence  to 
influx  of  the  Earn,  and  proceeding  thence 
as  an  estuary  between  Perthshire  and 
Forfarshire  on  the  left,  and  Fife  on  the 
right,  to  the  German  Ocean.  The  lake 
commences  at  Killin  ;  extends,  with  slight 
curves,  to  the  north-east;  measures  15 
miles  in  length,  about  1  mile  in  mean 
breadth,  and  from  15  to  100  fathoms  in 
depth ;  lies  all  in  the  bottom  of  a  con- 
tinuous glen ;  and  is  flanked,  on  the  left, 
by  Benlawers  and  its  offsets  ;  on  the  right, 


TAY 


439 


TEI 


by  a  chain  of  heights  more  like  hills  than 
mountains.  The  river  receives,  through 
the  lake,  a  line  of  head-stream  descending 
from  a  point  about  7  miles  north-north- 
west of  head  of  Loch  Lomond;  it  goes 
eastward,  with  northerly  curve,  to  Logie- 
rait,  and  there  receives  the  Tummel, 
descending  from  a  distance  of  about  60 
miles ;  it  proceeds  mainly  south-eastward, 
but  with  great  curves  and  sinuosities,  to 
the  influx  of  the  Earn ;  it  traverses,  to 
that  point,  a  rich,  diversified,  picturesque 
valley,  flanked  variously  by  grand  moun- 
tains, beautiful  hills,  and  rolling  banks  ; 
and  it  proceeds,  as  an  estuary,  about  26 
miles,  mainly  east-north-eastward,  with 
width  of  from  f  mile  to  9  miles,  flanked 
variously  by  carse  lands,  slopes,  and 
gentle  heights.  Its  length,  measured 
from  remotest  head-stream,  but  excluding 
sinuosities,  is  115  miles ;  its  extent  of 
basin  is  about  2500  square  miles  ;  and  its 
volume  of  water,  carried  to  its  estuary, 
averages  218,400  cubic  feet  per  minute. 

TAY  BRIDGE,  railway  viaduct  across 
Firth  of  Tay,  from  west  end  of  Dundee  to 
a  point  about  Vj  mile  west  of  Newport. 
It  was  authorized  in  1870  on  a  capital  of 
£350,000 ;  was  commenced  in  July  1871, 
and  opened  in  June  1878 ;  measured  3450 
yards  in  length ;  had,  at  its  middle,  a 
height  of  88  feet  above  high-water  level ; 
was  constructed  on  the  lattice-girder  prin- 
ciple, with  supports  on  strong  piers  ;  com- 
prised 11  spans  of  each  245  feet,  2  of 
each  ,227  feet,  and  72  of  lesser  length ; 
and  was  connected  at  the  ends  with  new 
railway  branches,  giving  direct  communi- 
cation from  Dundee  through  the  centre 
of  Fife.  It  was  believed  to  have  ample 
strength  for  bearing  any  strain  which 
could  be  put  on  it,  and  for  resisting  the 
most  boisterous  storm  ;  but  on  the  evening 
of  28th  December  1879,  during  a  strong 
hurricane,  and  while  a  passenger  train  of 
six  carriages  was  traversing  it  northward, 
a  portion  of  it,  fully  \  mile  long,  together 
with  the  entire  train,  fell  into  the  firth  so 
suddenly  and  darkly  as  to  be  unobserved 
from  the  shore,  and  so  completely  as  to 
leave  nothing  standing  in  the  long  gap  but 
bare  iron  piers.  A  new  viaduct,  under 
parliamentary  sanction,  was  planned  in 
March  1881,  to  stand  a  little  farther  west 
than  the  ruined  one,  to  have  a  height  at 
the  centre  of  only  58^  feet,  to  be  laid  with 
a  double  line  of  rails,  and  to  possess  such 
differences  of  structure  from  the  former 
one  as  should  make  it  both  vastly  stronger 
and  much  more  convenient ;  and  opera- 
tions for  constructing  this  were  begun  in 
March  1882. 

TAYFIELD,  seat  near  Newport,  Fife. 

TAYHUIRST,  place  in  Lismore  and 
Appin  parish,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a 
public  school  with  about  71  scholars. 

TAYINLOAN,  village  on  west  coast  of 
Kin  tyre,  20  miles  north-north- west  of 
Campbelton,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 


departments,  under  Greenock,  and  it 
adjoins  a  ferry  to  Gigha. 

TAYINLONE,  place,  with  inn,  10  miles 
north-west  of  Portree,  Isle  of  Skye. 

TAYLUN,  bay  in  south-west  of  Coll 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

TAYMOUNT,  seat  near  Stanley,  Perth- 
shire. 

TAYMOUTH  CASTLE,  seat  of  Earl  of 
Breadalbane,  about  a  mile  north-east  of 
foot  of  Loch  Tay,  Perthshire.  It  was 
erected  partly  in  1580,  but  chiefly  in 
present  century ;  is  mainly  a  great  quad- 
rangular four  -  storey  structure,  with 
towers  at  the  corners,  and  a  large  central 
pavilion  150  feet  high;  underwent  very 
costly  improvement  for  reception  of  Queen 
Victoria  and  the  Prince  Consort  in  1842  ; 
was  further  improved  in  1879,  at  a  cost  of 
about  £4000 ;  and  has  extensive  and  very 
beautiful  grounds. 

TAYNABRUICH.    See  Tighnabeuaich. 

TAYNUILT,  hamlet  about  a  mile  south- 
south-west  of  influx  of  river  Awe  to  Loch 
Etive,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Argyleshire,  a  railway 
station,  and  a  hotel. 

TAYOCK,  burn,  running  south-south- 
eastward to  Montrose  lagoon,  Forfarshire. 

TAYPORT,  town,  formerly  called  Ferry- 
Port-on-Craig,  on  north  coast  of  Fife. 
Pop.  2605.    See  Feeey-Poet-on-Ceaig. 

TAYRIBBI,  village  in  Appin  district, 
Argyleshire. 

TAYVALLICH,  hamlet  in  North  Knap- 
dale  parish,  Argyleshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Lochgilphead,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  72  scholars. 

TEAGUS,  beautiful  lake  in  Morvern 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

TEALING,  village  and  parish  in  south  of 
Forfarshire.  The  village  stands  5|  miles 
north  of  Dundee,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Dundee,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school. — The  parish 
contains  also  Newbigging,  Balgray,  Bal- 
kello,  and  Todhills  villages ;  and  it  measures 
about  5  miles  by  4,  and  comprises  7227 
acres.  Keal  property  in  1880-81,  £7831. 
Pop.  757.  The  surface  has  all  a  basis  of 
fully  500  feet  above  sea-level,  and  ascends 
northward  to  the  summit-line  of  the  Sid- 
laws.  Tealing  House  is  the  only  mansion. 
There  are  3  schools  with  accommodation 
for  253  scholars. 

TEANASSIE,  picturesque  burn,  entering 
Beauly  river  at  the  Drhuim,  in  Inverness- 
shire. 

TEANINICH,  estate  in  Alness  parish, 
Koss-shire. 

TEARNATE,  lake  in  Morvern  parish, 
Argyleshire. 

TEASSES,  seat  in  Ceres  parish,  Fife. 

TECHMUIRY,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Fraserburgh  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TEITH,  river  formed  by  two  head-streams 
at  Callander,  and  running  thence  13  miles 
south-eastward  to  the  Forth  at  2^  miles 
west  of  Stirling. 


TEI 


440 


THA 


TBITH  (BRIDGE  OF),  suburb  of  Doune, 
Perthshire. 

TELLERS,  chalybeate  spring  in  Drum- 
blade  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TEMPER,  seat  on  the  Tummel  near 
Kinloch-Pannoch,  Perthshire. 

TEMPLAND,  village  in  Lochmaben  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Lockerby. 

TEMPLE,  village  and  parish  in  south  of 
Edinburghshire.  The  village  stands  on 
the  South  Esk,  6£  miles  south-by-west  of 
Dalkeith,  and  has  a  post  office  under 
Gorebridge,  a  parochial  church,  and  a 
public  school. — The  parish  contains  also 
part  of  Gorebridge  and  Stobhill  villages ; 
has  a  main  body  measuring  8f  miles  by  5  ; 
includes  a  small  detached  district  If  mile 
to  the  north-east ;  and  comprises  14,464 
acres.  Keal  property  in  1880-81,  £19,551. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  1551 ;  quoad  sacra, 
541.  The  northern  half  of  the  main 
body  is  mostly  arable,  but  the  southern 
half  is  mostly  occupied  by  the  Moorfoot 
Hills.  Coal  abounds  in  the  north,  and  is 
worked.  Toxside  is  the  only  mansion,  but 
Arniston  is  adjacent.  Established  and 
Free  churches  are  at  Stobhill ;  another 
Free  church  serves  for  Temple  and  Car- 
rington  ;  and  a  United  Presbyterian  church 
is  at  Gorebridge.  Two  schools  are  in  the 
parts  exclusive  of  Stobhill  quoad  sacra 
parish,  and  have  capacity  for  154  scholars. 

TEMPLE,  village  in  Largo  parish,  Fife. 

TEMPLE,  site  of  small  establishment  of 
Knights  Templars  on  Urquhart  Bay,  on 
Loch  Ness,  Inverness-shire. 

TEMPLECROFT,  ancient  burying- 
ground,  where  stone  coffins  have  been 
found,  in  Fodder+y  parish,  Eoss-shire. 

TEMPLE-DENNY,  upper  district  of 
Denny  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

TEMPLE-GAVIN,  ruined  ancient  chapel 
in  Thurso  parish,  Caithness. 

TEMPLEHALL,  remains  of  old  fortalice 
on  the  Clyde,  Carluke  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

TEMPLEHALL,  seat  in  Kemback  parish, 
Fife. 

TEMPLEHOUSE,  site  of  peel-tower,  on 
land  which  belonged  to  the  Knights 
Templars,  in  Manor  parish,  Peebles- 
shire. 

TEMPLEHOUSE,  old  village,  now  called 
'Darlington,  suburban  to  Stewarton, 
Ayr  sb  ire. 

TEMPLELAND,  seat  in  Forgue  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

TEMPLELANDS,  suburb  of  Strathmiglo, 
Fife. 

TEMPLELISTON,  ancient  parish,  now 
called  Kirkliston,  in  Linlithgowshire  and 
Edinburghshire. 

TEMPLETON,  village  in  Newtyle  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

TENANDRY,  quoad  sacra  parish,  com- 
prising parts  of  Blair- Athole,  Moulin,  and 
Dull,  in  north-east  of  Perthshire.  It  was 
constituted  ecclesiastically  in  1836,  and 
politically  in  1851.    Pop.  497. 

TENDAL,  rivulet,  running  about  6  miles 


westward  toward  Loch  Creran,  and  mak- 
ing _  picturesque  falls,  in  Ardchattan 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

TENTSMOOR,  extensive  low  flat  on 
coast  of  Leuchars  parish,  Fife. 

TEQULIATS,  limework  in  Ceres  parish, 
Fife. 

TERPERSE,  estate  in  Tullynessle  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

TERRAUGHTY,  seat  in  Troqueer  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

TERREGLES,  parish  on  east  border  of 
Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  includes  small 
part  of  Dumfries  burgh,  and  is  partly 
bounded  by  the  Cluden  and  the  Nith. 
Its  length  is  4f  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth 
2f  miles  ;  its  area  3842  acres.  Peal  pro- 
perty of  landward  part  in  1880-81,  £6895. 
Pop.  of  the  whole,  471.  Most  of  the 
land  is  low,  rich,  and  ornate ;  and  the 
western  part  consists  of  hills  variously 
pastoral  and  wooded.  Terregles  House  is 
the  seat  of  the  Maxwells,  representatives 
of  the  Earls  of  Nithsdale  ;  and  Terregles 
Choir  is  part  of  a  church  of  1568,  used 
as  the  Maxwells'  burying-place,  and  so 
restored  in  1875  as  to  show  much  artistic 
grandeur.  Lincluden  College,  a  ruined 
ancient  collegiate  church,  is  on  the  east 
border.  The  public  school  has  capacity 
for  60  scholars. 

TERRINGZEAN,  ruined  ancient  noble 
seat  in  Old  Cumnock  parish,  Ayrshire. 

TERRY,  ruined  old  chapel  in  Leochel 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TERVIE,  affluent  of  the  Aven  in  Inver- 
aven  parish,  Banffshire. 

TEVIOT,  river,  rising  among  mountains 
on  south-west  verge  of  Roxburghshire, 
and  running  about  36  miles  north-east- 
ward, all  within  Poxburghshire,  to  the 
Tweed  at  Kelso. 

TEVIOTBANK,  seat  adjacent  to  the 
Teviot  near  Denholm,  Poxburghshire. 

TEVIOTDALE,  either  the  valley  or  the 
basin  of  the  Teviot,  or,  in  a  loose  sense, 
most  or  all  of  Poxburghshire. 

TEVIOTHEAD,  parish  in  extreme  south- 
west of  Poxburghshire.  It  was  formed  in 
1850  out  of  parts  of  Hawick  and  Cavers, 
and  it  has  a  post  office  under  Hawick. 
Its  length  is  10  miles ;  its  breadth  8 
miles  ;  its  area  31,459  acres.  Peal  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £10,978.  Pop.  486. 
All  the  land,  except  in  narrow  vales  or 
glens,  is  pastoral  or  waste  hill  or  moun- 
tain ;  and  a  number  of  its  summits  have 
altitudes  ranging  from  1607  to  1996  feet. 
The  original  church  was  Caerlanrig  old 
chapel ;  a  new  church  was  built  in  1856. 
The  public  school  has  about  77  scholars. 

TEXA,  islet  off  south-east  coast  of  Islay 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

THAINSTON,  seat  and  wooded  hill  in 
Kintore  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

THANKERTON,  village  and  ancient 
parish  in  upper  ward  of  Lanarkshire. 
The  village  stands  on  the  Clyde,  5  miles 
south-south-east  of  Carstairs  Junction,  is 
ancient  but  small,  and  has  a  post  office, 


THE 


441 


THU 


with  money  order  department,  designated 
of  Lanarkshire,  a  railway  station,  and  a 
bridge  of  1778.  The  parish  is  now  united 
to  Covington. 

THEODOSIA,  quondam  Eoman  naval 
station  on  ground  now  occupied  by  Dum- 
barton. 

THIEF'S  BUSS,  ravine  on  Cairn  Hill,  in 
Strachan  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

THIEF'S  CAVE,  cavern  in  lateral  glen 
off  Glenalmond,  in  Monzie  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

THIEF'S  ROAD,  old  freebooters'  moun- 
tain-path from  Border  through  Peebles- 
shire to  Mid-Lothian. 

THIMBLEROW,  hamlet  in  Hounam 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

THIRDPART,  estate  in  Kilrenny  parish, 
Fife. 

THIRLSTANE,  modern  mansion  and 
ancient  tower  in  Ettrick  Vale,  2  miles 
north-east  of  Ettrick  hamlet,  Selkirkshire. 
The  mansion  is  the  seat  of  Lord  Napier, 
and  the  tower  was  the  stronghold  of  an 
ancient  Border  riever. 

THIRLSTANE  CASTLE,  seat  of  Earl  of 
Lauderdale  on  the  Leader,  adjacent  to 
Lauder,  Berwickshire. 

THOMAS  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Leith.    Pop.  4363. 

THOMASTON,  strong  old  castle,  \\  mile 
north-west  of  Kirkoswald,  Ayrshire. 

THORLIESHOPE,  seat  in  Castleton 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

THORN,  mining  village  in  southern 
vicinity  of  Johnstone,  Renfrewshire. 

THORNHILL,  town,  f  mile  west  of  rail- 
way station  of  its'  own  name,  \i\  miles 
north-north-west  of  Dumfries.  It  stands 
on  plateau  about  5  furlongs  east  of  the 
Nith,  commands  a  rich  panoramic  view, 
consists  of  spacious,  cleanly,  boulevarded 
streets,  and  has  a  head  post  office  with  all 
departments,  2  banking  offices,  2  hotels, 
a  market-cross,  a  museum,  Established, 
United  Presbyterian,  and  Evangelical 
Union  churches,  and  a  large  public  school. 
Pop.  1289. 

THORNHILL,  village,  contiguous  to 
Norrieston,  in  Kincardine  parish,  Perth- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Stirling,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
186  scholars.    Pop.  474. 

THORNILEE,  railway  station  adjacent 
to  the  Tweed,  1\  miles  west  of  Galashiels 
Junction,  Selkirkshire. 

THORNLIEBANK,  manufacturing  town, 
1J  mile  south  of  Pollockshaws,  Renfrew- 
shire. It  has  a  post  office  under  Glasgow, 
a  United  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  public 
school  of  1878  with  capacity  for  500 
scholars.    Pop.  2156. 

THORNMUIR,  limework  in  Carluke 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

THORNTON,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  south  of  Fife.  The  village 
stands  at  crossing  of  railway,  5  miles 
north  of  Kirkcaldy,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Kirkcaldy,  a  railway  station,  a 


parochial  church,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  239  scholars.  Pop.  of  the 
village,  552  :  of  the  quoad  sacra  parish, 
909. 

THORNTON,  village  in  Carrington 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

THORNTON,  village  in  Giammis  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

THORNTON,  hamlet,  4  miles  from  Keith, 
in  Banffshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Keith. 

THORNTON,  seat  in  Kilmaurs  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

THORNTON,  burn  and  quondam  noble 
castle  in  Innerwick  parish,  Haddington- 
shire. 

THORNTON,  renovated  old  castle  in 
Marykirk  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

THORNTON,  glen,  replete  with  lime- 
stone, in  East  Kilbride  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

THORNTON,  estate,  with  remains  of 
ancient  Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Bourtie 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

THORNTON  HALL,  railway  station  be- 
tween Busby  and  Hairmyres,  on  north-west 
verge  of  Lanarkshire. 

THORNTONLOCH,  coast  village,  6  miles 
south  -  east  of  Dunbar,  Haddington- 
shire. 

THORNYBANK,  modern  collier  village 
in  Dalkeith  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

THORNYDYKE,  quondam  village  in 
Westruther  parish,  Berwickshire. 

THREE  BRETHREN,  mountain,  1523 
feet  high,  3J  miles  north-west  of  Sel- 
kirk. 

THREE  KINGS,  massive  insulated  rocks 
off  Cullen  coast,  Banffshire. 

THREEMILETOWN,  hamlet  in  Eccles- 
machan  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

THRIEPLAND,  head -stream  of  White 
Cart,  Renfrewshire. 

THRIEVE,  ancient  castle  on  islet  in  the 
Dee,  mile  west  of  Castle  -  Douglas, 
Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  occupies  the  site 
of  a  stronghold  of  ancient  petty  kings  of 
Galloway  ;  was  erected  as  a  palace-fort  by 
one  of  the  Earls  of  Douglas  ;  served  these 
earls  for  maintaining  their  oppressing 
sway  and  resisting  the  Crown  ;  passed  to 
the  Maxwells,  who  became  Earls  of  Niths- 
dale ;  was  garrisoned  for  the  Crown  in 
the  time  of  Charles  I. ;  and  is  now  repre- 
sented by  massive  ruins. 

THROSK,  small  harbour  on  the  Forth, 
4^  miles  east-south-east  of  Stirling. 

THRUMSTER,  hamlet,  seat,  burn,  an- 
cient standing-stone,  and  site  of  ancient 
church  in  south  of  Wick  parish,  Caith- 
ness. The  hamlet  has  a  post  office  under 
Wick. 

THURA,  estate  in  Bower  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

THURSO,  river,  seaport  town,  and 
parish  in  Caithness.  The  river  rises  on 
north  side  of  Morven  Mountains,  near 
boundary  with  Sutherland  ;  runs  13  miles 
north-eastward  and  14  northward  to  head 
of  Thurso  or  Scrabster  Bay ;  takes  down 


THU 


442 


TIL 


superfluence  of  at  least  20  lakes  ;  and 
was  designed,  in  1877,  to  be  provided  with 
a  harbour  at  its  mouth,  at  a  cost  of  about 
£10,000. — The  town  stands  at  the  river's 
mouth,  20  miles  by  road  north-west  of 
Wick,  and  154  by  railway  north  -  by- 
east  of  Inverness  ;  was  founded  by  Scan- 
dinavians, probably  in  12th  century,  and 
called  originally  Thor's  Town ;  served  as 
the  capital  of  Caithness  till  superseded  by 
Wick ;  is  partly  old  and  clingy,  partly  new 
and  handsome  ;  commands  a  striking  view 
across  the  sea  to  the  bold  south-western 
coast  of  Orkney ;  carries  on  extensive 
export  of  pavement  flag ;  publishes  a 
weekly  newspaper  ;  and  has  a  head  post 
office  with  all  departments,  a  terminal 
railway  station,  5  banking  offices,  6  hotels, 
a  fine  town  hall,  a  museum,  a  free  public 
library,  a  monument  to  the  late  Sir  John 
Sinclair,  an  elegant  Established  church,  an 
elegant  Free  church,  a  second  Free  church, 
Original  Secession  and  Congregational 
churches,  an  educational  institution,  and 
a  primary  public  school.  Pop.  4026. — The 
parish  measures  7f  miles  by  7J.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £26,  981.  Pop.  6217. 
The  coast  includes  the  middle  and  western 
parts  of  Dunnet  Bay,  with  its  western 
expansion  of  Scrabster  Bay,  and  its  grand 
flank  of  Holborn  Head,  and  is  flat  and 
sandy  near  the  town,  but  rocky  in  most 
other  parts.  The  interior  is  prevailingly 
flat,  but  rises  gently  from  the  shore,  and 
presents  some  breaks  and  undulations. 
Old  red  sandstone  underlies  most  of  the 
area,  and  is  extensively  quarried  for  both 
building  stone  and  pavement  flag.  Thurso 
Castle  is  the  seat  of  Sir  John  G.  T.  Sinclair, 
Bart.  ;  and  other  mansions  are  Murkle 
and  Forss.  Thurso  Palace  is  the  vestige 
of  an  ancient  episcopal  residence ;  and 
Harold's  Tomb  is  a  monumental  tower  on 
the  grave  of  an  Earl  of  Caithness  who 
flourished,  in  12th  century.  Ten  schools 
for  1012  scholars  are  in  the  parish,  and 
1  of  them  and  enlargements  for  220  are 
new. 

THURSTON,  estate  in  Innerwick  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

TIBBERMORE,  parish  extending  west- 
ward from  Perth.  It  contains  Ruthven 
village  and  small  part  of  Perth  burgh,  has 
a  post  office  of  its  own  name  under  Perth, 
measures  6  miles  by  3,  and  comprises 
6140  acres.  Real  property  of  landward 
part  in  1880-81,  £11,762.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  quoad  civilia,  1883 ;  quoad  sacra, 
1832.  The  surface  descends  from  the 
watershed  with  the  Earn  to  the  right 
bank  of  the  Almond,  and  is  aggregately  a 
gradual  declivity,  but  includes  a  large 
plain,  mostly  engirt  by  abrupt  descent 
from  the  surrounding  ground,  and  ex- 
tending eastward  to  the  Tay.  Chief 
features  are  a  number  of  resident  pro- 
prietors' seats,  Huntingtower  Castle,  the 
site  of  a  residence  of  several  bishops  of 
Dunkeld,  the  site  of  an  ancient  convent, 
and  part  of  the  scene  of  the  Marquis  of 


Montrose's  first  battle  with  the  Cove- 
nanters. There  are  2  schools  with  capacity 
for  264  scholars. 

TIBBERS,  vestige  of  an  ancient  castle, 
believed  to  have  been  originally  Roman, 
on  the  Nith,  2  miles  north-north- west  of 
Thornhill,  Dumfriesshire. 

TIBBY  SHIELS',  hostelry  at  head  of  St. 
Mary's  Loch,  Selkirkshire. 

TIEL,  rivulet,  running  eastward  to  Firth 
of  Forth  at  south  end  of  Kirkcaldy, 
Fife. 

TIG,  rivulet,  running  to  Firth  of  Clyde 
in  Ballantrae  parish,  Ayrshire. 

TIGERTON,  village  in  Menmuir  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

TIGHARY,  or  TIGYARRY,  hamlet  and 
headland  near  parochial  church,  in  North 
Uist  Island,  Outer  Hebrides.  The  hamlet 
has  a  post  office  under  Lochmaddy,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  112  scholars  ;  and 
the  headland  has  a  cave,  with  vertical 
aperture,  which  ejects  a  very  lofty  jet- 
d'eau  in  times  of  storm. 

TIGHNABRUAICH,  village  on  Kyles  of 
Bute,  1\  miles  south-south-west  of  mouth 
of  Loch  Riddan,  Argyleshire.  It  is  a 
recently  formed  watering-place,  enjoys 
pleasant  views  and  environs,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Greenock,  a  steam- 
boat pier,  2  hotels,  a  chapel-of-ease,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  140  scholars. 
Pop.  374. 

TIGHNALINN,  hamlet  at  head  of  Loch 
Rannoch,  Perthshire. 

TILLANAMOLS,  seat  in  Tyrie  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

TILLER,  burn,  running  westward  to  the 
South  Calder  near  Cleland,  Lanarkshire. 

TILLERY,  seat  in  Foveran  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

TILLICOULTRY,  town  and  parish  in 
Clackmannanshire.  The  town  stands  on 
the  Devon,  3§-  miles  north-east  of  Alloa  ; 
is  encompassed  by  picturesque  scenery  of 
hill  and  Vale  ;  carries  on  extensive  woollen 
manufacture ;  publishes  a  weekly  news- 
paper ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Clackmannanshire,  a  railway 
station,  2  banking  offices,  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  Congregational, 
and  Evangelical  Union  churches,  and  a 
large  public  school.  Pop.  3732. —The 
parish  contains  also  Coalsnaughton  and 
Devonside  villages,  measures  6  miles  by 
2|,  and  comprises  6946  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £18,599.  Pop.  5344. 
The  southern  section,  comprehending 
about  one-third  of  the  entire  area,  is  low 
and  nearly  all  arable  ;  and  the  northern 
one  lies  wholly  among  the  Ochils,  and  con- 
tains some  of  their  loftiest  summits.  Chief 
seats  are  Tillicoultry  House  and  Harvies- 
ton  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  a  Caledonian 
stone  circle,  and  remains  of  a  circular  fort. 
Three  schools  for  876  scholars  are  in  the 
parish,  and  1  of  them  for  600  is 
new. 


TIL 


443 


TIP 


TILLIEBREEN,  hill-pass  in  Aboyne  par- 
ish, Aberdeenshire. 

TILLIECHEWAN,  seat  in  Yale  of  Leven, 
between  Balloch  and  Alexandria,  Dum- 
bartonshire. 

TILLIETUDLEM,  railway  station  near 
Graignethan  Castle,  in  north-east  of  Les- 
mahagow  parish,  Lanarkshire.  Craignethan 
is  the  prototype  of  Tillietudlem  in  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  Old  Mortality. 

TILLIMORGAN,  hill,  1249  feet  high,  9 
miles  east-south-east  of  Huntly,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

TILLIORN,  farm,  with  large  Pictish 
work,  in  Echt  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TILLPHOUDIE,  ruined  mansion,  once  a 
seat  of  the  Gordons,  in  Aboyne  parish, 

TILLYANGUS,  scene  of  skirmish  in  1572 
between  the  clans  of  Forbes  and  Gordon 
in  Clatt  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TILLYCAIRN,  sepulchral  tumujus,  near 
some  Picts'  houses,  in  Aboyne  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

TILLYDESK,  hamlet  in  Ellon  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Ellon,  and  a  public  school. 

TILLYFOURIE,  railway  station,  10| 
miles  west-south-west  of  Kintore,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

TILLYGREIG,  seat  in  Udny  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

TILLYMINNET,  charming  glen  in  Gartly 
parish,  Banffshire. 

TILLYMUICK,  hill  in  Premnay  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

TILLYNAUGHT,  railway  station,  2| 
miles  south-by-east  of  Portsoy,  Banffshire. 

TILLYOCHIE,  manufacturing  locality,  3 
miles  west  of  Kinross. 

TILLYTHROWIE,  vestige  of  ancient 
castle  in  Gartly  parish,  Banffshire. 

TILNEY,  glen  in  Kildonan  parish, 
Sutherland. 

TILT,  small  alpine  lake  and  furious 
alpine  river  among  the  Grampians,  in 
north  of  Perthshire.  The  lake  lies  on 
north-east  verge  of  Athole,  and  the  river 
issues  from  it  and  rushes  15  miles  south- 
south  -  "westward  and  southward  to  the 
Garry  in  vicinity  of  Blair-Athole  village. 
See  Glentilt. 

TILWHILLY,  seat  and  limeworks  on 
right  side  of  the  Dee,  in  eastern  vicinity 
of  Banchory,  Kincardineshire. 

TIMAH,  rivulet,  running  about  6  miles 
northward  to  the  Ettrick  at  about  a  mile 
east  of  Ettrick  hamlet,  Selkirkshire. 

TIMPENDEAN,  ruined  tower  on  right 
side  of  the  Teviot,  in  Jedburgh  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

TINA,  quondam  Roman  station,  alleged 
to  have  been  on  the  North  Esk,  in  Stricka- 
throw  parish,  Forfarshire. 

TINGWALL,  hamlet  and  parish  in  Shet- 
land. The  hamlet  lies  at  head  of  long 
narrow  bay,  4  miles  north-west  of  Lerwick, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick. — The 
parish  contains  also  Scalloway  village  and 
Whiteness  hamlet,  each  with  post  office 


under  Lerwick  ;  comprehends  a  section  of 
Mainland  extending  from  the  Atlantic  at 
Scalloway  to  the  North  Sea  at  Rova  Head  ; 
includes  the  inhabited  islands  of  Hildesay, 
Langa,  Linga,  and  Oxna  ;  is  so  much  in- 
dented, in  its  Mainland  section,  by  sea- 
lochs  and  bays  as  to  contain  no  point 
farther  than  2  miles  from  the  sea ;  and, 
measured  across  marine  intersections,  has 
a  length  of  about  19  miles,  and  a  maximum 
breadth  of  10  miles.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £4169.  Pop.  2385.  The  Main- 
land section  is  divided  into  two  districts 
by  a  hill-ridge ;  comprises  two  parallel 
straths  nearly  at  right  angles  with  the 
ridge ;  and  is  diversified  by  Tingwall, 
Girlsta,  Asta,  and  Strom  lakes,  and  some 
others.  Lawting  Islet,  in  Tingwall  Lake, 
was  the  seat  of  Scandinavian  supreme 
administration  over  all  Shetland.  Many 
tumuli  and  remains  of  ancient  chapels  are 
in  the  parish,  and  many  stone  axes  and 
flint  arrow-heads  have  been  found.  The 
present  churches  are  2  Established,  2 
Congregational,  and  1  Baptist.  There 
are  6  schools  for  376  scholars,  and  5  of 
them  for  320  are  new. 

TINNIS,  fragment  of  very  strong  ancient 
fortalice,  on  steep  conical  hill,  with  ex- 
tensive view,  1J  mile  south  of  influx  of 
Biggar  rivulet  to  the  Tweed,  in  Peebles- 
shire. 

TINNIS,  rivulet,  running  to  right  side 
of  the  Liddel  at  3  miles  south  of  New- 
castleton,  Roxburghshire ;  and  hill,  1326 
feet  high,  adjacent  to  the  rivulet. 

TINTO,  isolated  mountain,  2335  feet 
high,  culminating  at  2f  miles  west-south- 
west of  Symington,  in  upper  ward  of 
Lanarkshire.  It  was  long  a  beacon-post, 
is  crowned  with  a  huge  ancient  cairn,  and 
commands  a  very  grand  and  extensive 
view. 

TINWALD,  parish,  with  church  i\  miles 
north-north-east  of  Dumfries.  It  con- 
tains Amisfield  post  office  village,  and  two 
other  small  villages,  measures  5|  miles 
by  4^,  and  comprises  10,283  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £11,124.  Pop.  861. 
A  band  of  low  flat  country  extends  along 
the  north  ;  a  broader  band  of  low  flat 
country,  partly  reclaimed  from  Lochar 
moss,  extends  along  the  west ;  and  a 
broad  hill-ridge,  with  summits  upwards 
of  500  feet  high,  but  nearly  all  arable, 
occupies  most  of  the  rest  of  the  area,  and 
is  prolonged  southward  into  Torthorwald. 
Tinwald  House  is  a  seat  of  the  Marquis  of 
Queensberry ;  other  seats  are  Amisfield 
and  Glenae  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
Amisfield  Castle  and  a  Caledonian  fort. 
There  are  2  schools  with  accommodation 
for  191  scholars. 

TIPPERLIN,  quondam  village,  J  mile 
west  of  Morningside,  Edinburgh. 

TIPPERTY,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Fordoun  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

TIPPERTY,  hill  and  remarkably  copious 
spring  in  Alvah  parish,  Banffshire. 

TIPPET,   hill,   with  source  of  Little 


TIR 


444 


TOM 


Clyde,  in  Crawford  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

TIRALLY,  small  bay  on  east  coast  of 
Kirkmaiden  parish,  Wigtonshire. 

TIREE.    See  Ttree. 

TIREFOOR,  ruined  Scandinavian  watch- 
tower,  with  two  circular,  concentric,  un- 
cemented  walls,  on  south-east  side  of 
Lismore  Island,  Argyleshire. 

TIRIVEE,  bay  on  south-east  of  Barra 
Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

TIRLUNDIE,  hill,  with  slope  occupied 
by  New  Pitsligo,  Aberdeenshire. 

TIRRIE,  rivulet,  running  about  10  miles 
south-south-eastward  to  Loch  Shin  in 
western  vicinity  of  Lairg,  Suther- 
land. 

TISTER,  a  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Caithness 
in  Bower  parish,  Caithness. 

TITWOOD,  estate  in  Benfrewshire  sec- 
tion of  Govan  parish. 

TOBERACRAIG,  medicinal  spring  in 
Halkirk  parish,  Caithness. 

TOBERMASSAN,  spring,  formerly^  of 
great  medicinal  note,  in  Loth  parish, 
Sutherland. 

TOBERMORY,  seaport  town  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  on  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 
The  town  stands  on  spacious  well-sheltered 
bay,  28  miles  north-west-by-west  of  Oban  ; 
was  founded  in  1788  ;  took  its  name, 
signifying  '  Mary's  Well,'  from  a  fountain 
dedicated  in  old  times  to  the  Virgin ; 
presents,  with  contiguous  heights,  a  plea- 
sant appearance  in  form  of  amphitheatre  ; 
is  a  focus  of  trade  and  commerce  for  most 
of  Mull  and  much  of  the  neighbouring 
mainland ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegi-aph  departments, 
under  Oban,  2  banking  offices,  a  hotel,  a 
court-house,  2  good  quays,  a  parochial 
church  of  1827,  a  Free  church  of  1879, 
Baptist  and  Boman  Catholic  churches,  and 
2  public  schools  with  about  185  scholars. 
Pop.  1131. — The  parish  was  constituted 
ecclesiastically  in  1837,  and  politically  in 
1845,  and  measures  about  6  miles  in  length 
and  nearly  2  miles  in  mean  breadth. 
Pop.  1273. 

TOBERNAREAL,  scene  of  skirmish  in 
16th  century  between  the  Grahams  and 
the  Stewarts,  in  Port-of-Monteith  parish, 
Perthshire. 

TOBERONOCHY,  bay  and  village  on  east 
side  of  Luing  Island,  Argyleshire. 

TOCHIENEAL,  place,  with  distillery  and 
mineral  spring,  in  Cullen  parish,  Banff- 
shire. 

TOD  CRAIGS,  romantic  ravine  on  hill 
near  Yetholm,  Boxburghshire. 

TODDERANCE,  seat,  now  called  Lin- 
trose,  in  Kettins  parish,  Forfarshire.  It 
gave  the  title  of  Lord  Todderance  to  a  lord 
of  Session. 

TODHEAD,  headland,  3f  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Bervie,  Kincardineshire. 

TODHILLMUIR,  seat  in  Lochmaben 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

TODHILLS,  hamlet  in  Tealing  parish, 
Forfarshire. 


TODHOLES,  quondam  strong  fortalice 
in  Dunsyre  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

TODSHAW,  tract,  with  three  ancient 
camps,  in  Boberton  parish,  Boxburghshire. 

TOD'S  HOLE,  coast-cave  between  Dunbuy 
and  Bullers-of-Buchan,  Aberdeenshire. 

TOD'S  MILL,  deep  rocky  dens  in  Borrow- 
stownness  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

TOFTHOLM,  place,  with  ancient  strong 
circular  entrenchment,  in  Castleton  parish, 
Boxburghshire. 

TOFTINGALL,  seat  of  Sir  Patrick  M. 
Threipland,  Bart. ,  and  lake  about  5  miles 
in  circuit,  in  Watten  parish,  Caithness. 

TOFTSNESS.    See  Taftsness. 

TOLBOOTH,  parish,  with  Established  and 
Free  churches,  in  Edinburgh.    Pop.  2229. 

TOLLA,  lake  and  rivulet  in  Glenorchy 
parish,  Argyleshire.  The  lake  lies  about 
11  miles  north-east  of  Dalmally  ;  measures 
about  4  miles  by  1 ;  is  adjoined  by  Inver- 
oran  inn,  Ardvrecknish  shooting-lodge, 
and  Achallader  Castle ;  and  sends  off  the 
river  Orchy. — The  rivulet  rises  at  south- 
west corner  of  Bannoch  Moor,  and  runs  8 
miles  south-westward  to  the  lake. 

TOLLCROSS,  town,  nominally  3  miles 
south-east  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Glasgow,  and  Free  and  United  Pres- 
byterian churches,  and  is  near  Tollcross 
House,  Dalbeth  Convent,  and  Clyde  iron- 
works.   Pop.  3533. 

TOLLIE,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Foddarty,  Boss-shire. 

TOLLIS,  hill,  with  ancient  camp,  on 
north  border  of  Lauder  parish,  Berwick- 
shire. 

TOLLO.  hill  in  Banchory-Devenick  par- 
ish, Kincardineshire. 

TOLLPARK,  farm,  with  vestiges  _  of 
Antoninus'  Wall,  in  Cumbernauld  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

TOLLY,  small  lake  and  site  of  ancient 
castle  near  head  of  Loch  Ewe,  on  west 
coast  of  Boss-shire. 

TOLQUHON,  ruined  castle  of  16th  century 
in  Tarves  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TOLSTA,  village  and  headland  in  Storno- 
way  parish,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  597. 

TOMACHAR,  hamlet  in  Port-of-Monteith 
parish,  Perthshire. 

TOMACHASTEL.    See  Tomnachastle. 

TOMACHORACHASICH,  small  round 
hill,  with  alleged  grave  of  Scandinavian 
prince,  near  head  of  Loch  Eck,  Argyleshire. 

TOMANDOUN,  place,  with  inn,  in  upper 
part  of  Glengarry,  Inverness-shire. 

TOMANTOUL.    See  Tomintoul. 

TOMATIN,  hamlet,  16  miles  east-south- 
east of  Inverness.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Inverness,  and  a  public  school. 

TOMBAE,  place,  with  Boman  Catholic 
chapel,  in  Glenlivet,  Banffshire. 

TOMBEA,  place  at  foot  of  Loch  Lub- 
naig,  Perthshire. 

TOMENBOWIE,  ancient  burying-ground 
and  ruined  chapel  in  Monzie  part  of  Glen- 
almond,  Perthshire. 

TOMICH,  place,  with  post  office  under 
Beauly,  Inverness-shire. 


TOM 


44.5 


TOR 


e 


TOMINTOUL,  village  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  near  south-western  extremity  of 
Banffshire.  The  village  stands  on  the 
river  Aven,  14  miles  south-east  of  Gran- 
town,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  under 
Ballindalloch,  Established  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  147  scholars.  Pop.  478. — 
The  parish  was  constituted  ecclesiastically 
in  1833,  and  politically  in  1845.  Pop. 
686. 

TOMMORE,  burn  in  Inveraven  parish, 
Banffshire. 

TOMNACHASTLE,  beautiful  eminence, 
3  miles  east  of  Comrie,  Perthshire.  It 
has  a  height  of  434  feet  above  sea-level, 
and  commands  delightful  views.  An 
ancient  strong  castle  of  the  Earls  of 
Strathearn  surmounted  it ;  and  a  monu- 
ment to  Sir  David  Baird,  a  granite  obelisk 
82  feet  high,  was  erected  on  the  castle's 
site  in  1832,  suffered  severe  damage  from 
lightning  in  1878,  and  was  restored  at  a 
cost  of  about  £1250. 

TOMNACLAG,  summit  of  Inchtavanach 
Island,  in  Loch  Lomond. 

TOMNACROSS,  place  in  Kiltarlity  par- 
ish, Inverness-shire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  140  scholars. 

TOMNAHIVRIGH,  small  hill,  with  an- 
cient Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Coull 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TOMNAHURICH,  isolated,  diluvial, 
wooded  eminence  about  a  mile  south-west 
of  Inverness.  It  is  traced  with  charming 
walks,  and  partly  occupied  by  recent 
ornate  cemetery. 

TOMNARROCH,  burn,  entering  the 
Findhorn  in  Ardclach  parish,  Nairn- 
shire. 

TOMNAVOULIN,  place  in  Glenlivet, 
Banffshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Craigellachie. 

TOMONT,  hill,  1652  feet  high,  4| 
miles  south-south-east  of  Crawford,  Lan- 
jl  i*lc  s  li  ire 

TOMRAWER,  estate  in  Kilsyth  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

TON,  affluent  of  the  Don  in  Kemnay 
parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TONDERGHIE,  estate  in  Whithorn  par- 
ish, Wigtonshire. 

TONG,  village,  headland,  and  rivulet  on 
west  side  of  Broad  Bay,  in  Stornoway  par- 
ish, Outer  Hebrides. 

TONGLAND,  parish  lying  along  right 
side  of  the  Dee  to  a  point  2  miles  north- 
north-east  of  Kirkcudbright.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Kirkcudbright,  and 
contains  the  post  office  village  of  Ring- 
ford.  Its  length  is  6|  miles  ;  its  breadth 
from  ^  mile  to  5^  miles  ;  its  area 
9738  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,131.  Pop.  829.  The  surface  is 
variously  fiat,  sloping,  ridgy,  and  rugged  ; 
and  part  of  it  is  moorish,  but  most  is 
arable.  The  seats  are  Argrennan,  Queens- 
hill,  Valleyfield,  Barcaple,  and  Upper 
Barcaple ;  and  the  chief  antiquity  is  a 


fragment  of  a  priory  of  12th  century. 
The  churches  are  Established  and  Free  ; 
and  there  is  a  public  school  with  about  65 
scholars. 

TONGUE,  village  and  parish  on  north 
coast  of  Sutherland.  The  village  stands 
on  Kyle  of  Tongue,  44  miles  west-south- 
west of  Thurso,  is  sometimes  called  Kirki- 
boll,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  designated  of 
Sutherlandshire,  a  ferry  station,  an  inn, 
Established  and  Free  churches,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  60  scholars. — The  parish 
contains  also  three  other  villages,  includes 
several  islets,  and  measures  about  20  miles 
by  12.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £4635. 
Pop.  1929.  The  coast  extends  from 
Torrisdale  Bay  to  "VVhitenhead,  has  nume- 
rous intersections,  and  is  mostly  high  and 
rocky,  partly  lofty,  mural,  and  romantic. 
A  valley  opens  at  middle  of  the  coast ; 
ascends  through  the  interior  to  the  ex- 
treme south-south-west ;  is  grandly  over- 
hung, in  the  upper  parts,  on  respectively 
the  east  and  the  west  sides,  by  Benloyal 
and  Benhope  ;  has  high  hill-screens  also 
in  the  lower  part ;  is  occupied  along  the 
bottom  there,  to  the  length  of  8  miles, 
by  Kyle  of  Tongue  ;  and,  in  the  aggregate 
aspect,  looks  like  a  vast  amphitheatre. 
Only  about  1000  acres  are  in  tillage. 
Tongue  House,  on  the  Kyle,  about  a  mile 
below  the  village,  is  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Sutherland ;  and  Castle  Varrich,  a  little 
above  the  village,  is  the  shell  of  an  old 
square  fortalice.  A  Free  church  is  at 
Melness.  Three  schools  for  355  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  1  of  them  and  an 
enlargement  for  140  are  new. 

TONLEY,  seat  in  Tough  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

TOOKQUAY,  bay,  4J  miles  wide  at 
entrance  and  5  miles  long,  in  south-west 
of  Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

TOR,  head-stream  of  the  White  Cart, 
Renfrewshire. 

TOR,  hill  in  Ecclesmachan  parish,  Lin- 
lithgowshire. 

TOR,  glen  in  Kirkmichael  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

TOR,  eminence,  with  ancient  encamp- 
ment lines,  near  Aberfeldy,  Perth- 
shire. 

TOR-A-BHEAN,  hill-ridge,  nearly  300 
feet  high,  with  traces  of  ancient  ramparts 
and  ditches,  about  a  mile  south-west  of 
Inverness. 

TOR-ACHILTIE,  beautiful  wooded  hill 
overhanging  Loch  Achiltie,  in  south-east  of 
Ross-shire. 

TOR-ALVIE,  conspicuous  hill-like  crag, 
crowned  by  huge  cairn-monument  to  the 
heroes  of  Waterloo,  in  Alvie  parish,  Inver- 
ness-shire. 

TORBANEHILL,  rich  mineral  field  in 
Bathgate  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

TORBANK,  seat  near  Birnam,  Perth- 
shire. 

TORBECK,  hill  in  Tundergarth  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 


TOR 


446 


TOR 


TORBOLL,  hill-ridge  in  north-east  of 
Dornoch  parish,  Sutherland. 

TORBRAX,  morass  with  copious  spring 
forming  Luggie  rivulet,  in  Cumbernauld 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

TORBREX,  village  between  St.  Ninians 
and  Cambusbarron,  Stirlingshire. 

TORCASTLE,  ruined  old  castle  of  the 
Cummings  in  Dallas  parish,  Elginshire. 

TORCASTLE,  fragment  of  ancient 
stronghold  of  the  Mackintoshes,  1^  mile 
north-east  of  Bannavie,  Inverness-shire. 

TORCORSE,  hill  in  Tarbolton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

TORDOFF,  small  headland,  miles  east- 
south-east  of  Annan,  Dumfriesshire. 

TORE,  place  on  south-east  border  of 
Ross-shire.  It  has  a  post  office  under  In- 
verness. 

TORE,  rivulet,  traversing  deep  wooded 
glen  to  Moray  Firth  at  9  \  miles  east  of  Banff. 

TORGARROW,  burn,  running  to  the 
Findhorn,  and  making  a  fine  cascade,  in 
Ardclach  parish,  Nairnshire. 

TORGUIL,  place,  with  inn,  in  Glen- 
moriston,  Inverness-shire. 

TORHEAD,  skirmish -field  of  1297,  in 
Kirkmichael  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

TORHILL,  wooded  eminence,  with  villas, 
near  Birnam,  Perthshire. 

TORHOUSE,  place,  with  ancient  Cale- 
donian stone  circle,  3  miles  west  of 
"Wigton. 

TORK,  hill  in  Dunlichity  section  of 
Daviot  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

TORLIN,  rivulet,  traversing  narrow  glen 
southward  to  the  sea  at  Lag,  on  south 
coast  of  Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

TORLISK,  seat  on  Loch-na-Keal,  west 
coast  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

TORLUM,  conspicuous  conical  wooded 
hill,  1291  feet  high,  3|  miles  south-east 
of  Crieff,  Perthshire. 

TORMAID,  lake  in  Eeay  parish,  Caith- 
ness. 

TORMORE,  place,  with  Caledonian 
monuments,  near  mouth  of  Mauchry 
rivulet,  on  west  coast  of  Arran  Island, 
Buteshire. 

TORMORE,  cascade  on  rivulet  running 
to  head  of  Loch  Rannoch,  Perthshire. 

TORNAGRAIN,  spring, with  intermittent 
spouts,  called  Boiling  Fountain,  in  Petty 
parish,  Inverness-shire. 

TORNAVEEN,  hamlet  in  Kincardine 
O'Neil  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Aberdeen,  and  a  public 
school  with  about  113  scholars. 

TORNESS,  headland  in  south  of  Stron- 
say  Island,  Orkney. 

TORNESS,  place,  with  preaching-station, 
in  Strathcrrick,  Inverness-shire. 

TORNIDNEON,  summit,  1057  feet  high, 
If  mile  south-east  of  Lochranza,  Arran 
Island,  Buteshire. 

TOROGAY,  islet  between  North  Uist 
and  Bernera,  Outer  Hebrides. 

TOROSAY,  parish  in  east-south-east  and 
centre  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire.  It 
contains  Auchnacraig  and  Salen  post  office 


villages,  and  includes  all  Kinlochspelvie 
and  part  of  Salen  quoad  sacra  parishes. 
Its  extent  along  the  coast,  exclusive  of 
sinuosities,  is  about  22  miles  ;  its  length, 
by  shortest  road  southward  through  the 
interior,  is  12  miles  ;  and  its  breadth  from 
east  to  west  varies  from  3J  to  1&?  miles. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £9270/  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  1102 ;  quoad  sacra,  791. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  rises  to 
the  summits  of  Bentaluidh  and  Benmore, 
but  includes  three  considerable  glens,  and 
comprises  about  7500  acres  of  ploughed 
land.  Chief  seats  are  Achnacroish  and 
Lochbuy  House  ;  and  chief  antiqvrities  are 
Duart  Castle  and  ruins  of  two  small 
chapels.  The  churches  are  3  Established 
and  2  Free.  Four  schools  for  255  scholars 
are  in  the  parish,  and  3  of  them  for  220 
are  new. 

TORPHICHEN,  village  and  parish  in 
west  of  Linlithgowshire.  The  village 
stands  1\  miles  north-by- west  of  Bathgate  ; 
was  the  Scottish  seat  of  the  Knights  of  St. 
John  of  Jerusalem  ;  retains  an  interesting 
portion  of  their  preceptory  church ;  contains 
vestiges  of  other  ancient  massive  buildings ; 
gives  the  peerage  title  of  baron  to  the 
family  of  Sandilands  ;  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Bathgate,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  2  public  schools.  Pop. 
358. — The  parish  contains  also  Black- 
ridge  village,  measures  about  10  miles  by 
2h,  and  comprises  9939  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £12,029.  Pop.  1526. 
The  north-eastern  section  includes  the 
highest  summit  in  the  county,  and,  as 
compared  with  the  rest  of  the  county,  is 
strongly  tumulated  and  boldly  hilly ;  and 
the  south-western  section  is  extensively 
moorish.  Chief  seats  are  the  Preceptor}'-, 
Wallhouse,  Lochcote,  and  Crawhill;  and 
chief  antiquities,  besides  those  of  the 
village,  are  Kipp's  old  peel-like  mansion, 
Bedlarmie  Tower,  Bridge  Castle,  vestiges 
of  Ogleface  Castle,  a  hill-camp,  and  remains 
of  a  Caledonian  stone  circle.  There  are  5 
schools  for  445  scholars,  and  2  of  them  for 
210  are  new. 

TORPHINS,  village,  24  miles  west-south- 
west of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Aberdeen,  a  railway  station,  a  bank- 
ing office,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  112 
scholars.    Pop.  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  830. 

TORQUHAN,  seat  in  Stow  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

TORQUIL'S,  cave  in  hill  above  Dunrobin, 
in  Golspie  parish,  Sutherland. 

TORR,  estate  in  Rerrick  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

TORRA,  rivulet  in  Barvas  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

TORRAN,  rivulet,  running  to  Loch 
Shuriry,  in  Reay  parish,  Caithness. 

TORRANCE,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  East  Kilbride,  Lanarkshire.  Torrance 
House  within  it  stands  on  the  Rotten 
Calder  ;  and  the  church  stood  about  J  mile 
from  that  mansion. 


TOR 


447 


TOU 


TORRANCE,  village  near  Kelvin  Valley 
Railway,  3  miles  south  of  Lennoxtown, 
Stirlingshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Glasgow,  a  railway  station,  a  public  school 
with  about  107  scholars,  and  a  new  first- 
class  school  of  1882  with  capacity  for  160 
scholars.    Pop.  496. 

TORRIDON,  sea-loch,  hamlet,  and  seat 
in  west  of  Ross-shire.  The  loch  opens 
opposite  the  north-east  of  Skye  ;  divides 
Gairloch  parish  from  Applecross;  penetrates 
13  miles  east-south-eastward,  but  forms 
three  successive  reaches  separated  by  narrow 
stiaits  ;  is  4  miles  wide  at  the  entrance, 
and  lh  mile  at  the  head;  has  Shieldag 
village  on  shore  of  its  middle  reach ;  and 
is  flanked  by  bold  massive  heights,  variously 
mural,  shattered,  and  shelving,  and  rising 
on  one  summit  to  an  altitude  of  3015  feet. 
— The  hamlet  and  the  seat  are  at  the  loch's 
head  ;  and  the  former  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under 
Auchna  sheen,  and  an  inn. 

TORRIN,  hamlet  on  east  side  of  upper 
part  of  Loch  Slapin,  Isle  of  Skye. 

TORRINCH.    See  Inch-Torr. 

TORRISDALE,  bay  and  village,  2  miles 
west  of  Farr,  on  north  coast  of  Sutherland. 

TORRISDALE,  rivulet  and  seat  in  Saddell 
parish,  Kin  tyre,  Argyle  shire. 

TORRS,  fine  natural  harbour  on  east 
side  of  Kirkcudbright  Bay,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

TORRS,  farm,  with  copious  spring  and 
remains  of  Caledonian  stone  circle,  in 
Kelton  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

TORRS,  wooded  heights  in  Kilbarchan 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

TORRVAULD,  plateau,  with  charming 
views,  on  right  side  of  the  Tay  near  Dun- 
keld,  Perthshire. 

TORRY,  fishing  town  on  right  bank  of 
the  Dee,  opposite  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  department,  under 
Aberdeen,  a  battery  with  fortification  and 
barracks,  a  pier,  a  Free  church,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  115  scholars.  Pop. 
1281. 

TORRY,  seat  in  Torryburn  parish,  Fife. 

TORRYBURN,  village  and  parish  in 
south-western  extremity  of  Fife.  The 
village  stands  on  the  coast,  4  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Dunfermline ;  carries  on 
some  little  commerce ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under  Dun- 
fermline, Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school  with  capacity  for  182 
scholars. — The  parish  contains  also  New- 
mills,  Crombie,  and  Crombie-Point  vil- 
lages, and  most  of  Low  Torry.  Its  length 
is  4ij  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  2  miles ; 
its  area  3994  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £7691.  Pop.  737.  The  surface 
is  pleasantly  diversified,  and  commands, 
from  its  higher  grounds,  very  fine  views  of 
the  Firth  and  the  Lothians.  The  rocks 
are  carboniferous.  Chief  objects  are  Torry 
House  and  ruins  of  Crombie  church. 

TORRYBURNRIG,  mountain,  6£  miles 
west  of  Sanquhar,  Dumfriesshire. 


TORRYLEITH,  lands  on  south  border  of 
Udny  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TORRY  (LOW),  village,  chiefly  in  Torry- 
burn parish,  Fife,  and  partly  in  Perth- 
shire. 

TORSAY,  one  of  the  Slate  Islands,  sepa- 
rated by  only  narrow  straits  from  Seil  and 
Luing,  in  Argyleshire.  It  measures  about 
3  miles  by  1,  and  has  a  smooth  verdant 
surface  less  than  200  feet  high.  Pop. 
10. 

TORSONCE,  renovated  old  castle  in 
southern  vicinity  of  Stow  village,  Edin- 
burghshire. 

TORTERSTON,  barony  on  right  side 
of  the  Ugie,  near  Peterhead,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

TORTHORWALD,  village  and  parish  in 
south-west  of  Dumfriesshire.  The  village 
stands  4  miles  east-north-east  of  Dumfries, 
and  has  a  post  office  under  Dumfries,  a 
parochial  church,  and  a  public  school. — 
The  parish  contains  also  Roucan  and 
Collin  villages,  measures  6J  miles  by  3J, 
and  comprises  6831  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £7656.  Pop.  990.  The 
north-western  and  the  southern  sections 
are  part  of  Lochar  moss,  and  the  rest  is 
the  gentle  western  ascent  and  part  of  the 
tabular  summit  of  a  softly-featured  hill- 
range  continuous  with  that  of  Tinwald. 
Torthorwald  Castle,  on  the  face  of  the 
ascent,  is  a  curious  fragmentary  thick- 
walled  ruin ;  and  when  entire,  belonged 
to  a  natural  son  of  Regent  Morton,  and 
gave  him  the  title  of  Lord  Torthorwald. 
There  are  3  schools  for  227  scholars,  and  1 
of  them  for  100  is  new. 

TORWOOD,  village  and  remnant  of 
ancient  extensive  forest  in  north-east  of 
Dunipace  parish,  Stirlingshire.  The  forest 
was  a  hiding-place  of  Sir  William  Wallace, 
and  the  scene  of  Donald  Cargill's  excom- 
munication of  Charles  II. 

TORWOODLEE,  seat  and  ruined  large 
ancient  fortalice,  2  miles  north-west  of 
Galashiels,  Selkirkshire. 

TOSCORTON,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Stoneykirk,  Wigtonshire. 

TOTAGAN,  place,  with  vestiges  of  cairns 
and  Caledonian  stone  circles,  in  Kilmuir 
parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

TOTE,  seat  in  Snizort  parish,  Isle  of 
Skye. 

TOTE-BROW,  scene  of  Pictish  encamp- 
ment in  Strathmartine  section  of  Mains 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

TOTHORL,  fragment  of  ancient  fortalice, 
1J  mile  south  of  Douglas  Castle,  in  Douglas 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

TOUCH,  seat  of  Sir  Henry  J.  S.  Stewart, 
Bart.,  on  burn  of  same  name,  2|  miles 
south-west  of  Stirling. 

TOUCHADAM,  estate  in  St.  Ninians 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

TOUCKS,  low  hill  in  Dunnottar  parish, 
Kincardineshire. 

TOUGH,  parish,  averagely  4  miles  south- 
east of  Alford,  Aberdeenshire.  It  con- 
tains the  post  office  of  Whitehouse  under 


TOU 


448 


Aberdeen,  measures  about  5^  miles  by  3, 
and  comprises  7108  acres.  Peal  property 
in  1SS0-81,  £5726.  Pop.  681.  The 
surface  is  diversified,  lies  on  a  basis  of 
about  420  feet  above  sea-level,  and  includes 
a  summit  upwards  of  1500  feet  high. 
The  only  seat  is  Tonley ;  and  the  chief 
antiquities  are  two  cairns,  a  Caledonian 
stone  circle,  and  a  mediaeval  monumental 
standing-stone.  The  churches  are  Estab- 
lished, Free,  and  United  Presbyterian ; 
but  the  last,  though  designated  of  Tough, 
stands  within  Leochel.  The  public  school 
is  new,  and  has  capacity  for  120 
scholars. 

TOUR,  seat  in  Kilmaurs  parish,  Ayr- 
shire. 

TOURIELUM,  section  of  Avoch  parish, 
Boss-shire. 

TOWARD,  estate  in  south  -  eastern  ex- 
tremity of  Cowal,  Argyleshire.  It  includes 
Toward  Point,  crowned  by  a  lighthouse,  at 
north  side  of  entrance  of  Kyles  of  Bute  ; 
has  a  post  office,  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  under  Greenock,  a 
chapel-of-ease,  and  a  public  school;  and 
contains,  about  a  mile  west-north-west  of 
Toward  Point,  the  splendid  mansion  of 
Toward  Castle  amid  finely- wooded  grounds, 
with  ruined  baronial  fortalice  of  the 
Lamonts. 

TOWE,  eminence,  once  a  place  of  feudal 
courts,  in  Cumbernauld  parish,  Dumbar- 
tonshire. 

TOWER,  deep  wooded  glen,  with  site 
of  old  castle,  in  Cockburnspath  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

TOWER,  picturesque  steep  hill,  crowned 
by  lofty  modern  tower,  in  Kinfauns  parish, 
Perthshire. 

TOWERHILL,  seat  in  Kilmaurs  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

TOWER-LINDSAY,  ruined  baronial  fort- 
alice on  the  Clyde,  in  Crawford  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

TOWIE,  parish,  containing  Inverkindy 
post  office  under  Aberdeen,  in  Alford 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  Its  length  is 
about  8  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about 
5  miles ;  its  area  12,150  acres.  Beal 
property  in  1880-81,  £5589.  Pop.  759. 
The  surface  is  bisected  by  the  Don,  in- 
cludes an  inhabited  tract  of  about  3£ 
miles  by  2  along  that  river,  and  is  else- 
where hilly  or  mountainous  and  mostly 
pastoral.  Towie  Castle,  on  the  Don,  be- 
longed to  the  family  of  Forbes,  was  the 
scene,  in  1571,  of  a  tragedy  commemorated 
in  a  famous  old  ballad,  and  is  now  little 
more  than  a  ruined  square  tower.  Other 
antiquities  are  large  tumuli,  two  curious 
standing-stones,  two  artificial  mounds, 
and  ruins  of  five  old  chapels.  The  public 
school  is  new,  and  has  accommodation  for 
110  scholars. 

TOWIE-BARCLAY,  interesting  old  cas- 
tellated mansion  in  Turriff  parish,  Aber- 
deenshire. 

TQWNEND,  seat  in  Symington  parish, 
Ayrshire. 


TOWNHEAD,  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
north-east  of  Glasgow.    Pop.  12,529. 

TOWNHEAD,  place  with  post  office  under 
Castle-Douglas,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

TOWNHEAD,  village  in  Penpont  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

TOWNHEAD,  seat  and  lake  in  Kilsyth 
parish,  Stirlingshire. 

TOWNHILL,  town  adjacent  to  collieries 
in  Dunfermline  parish,  Fife.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Dunfermline,  and  a  pub- 
lic school  of  1876,  with  accommodation  for 
400  scholars.    Pop.  1862. 

TOWN-YETHOLM.    See  Yetholm. 

TOXSIDE,  seat  in  Temple  parish,  Edin- 
burghshire. It  has  a  post  office  under 
Gorebridge. 

TRABOCH,  barony  in  Ochiltree  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

TRABOURNA,  place,  inhabited  by  George 
Heriot's  ancestors,  in  Gladsmuir  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

TRADESTON,  section  of  southern  portion 
of  Glasgow,  on  left  bank  of  the  Clyde, 
westward  from  Glasgow  Bridge. 

TRAILFLAT,  village  and  ancient  parish 
in  Dumfriesshire.  The  village  stands  2J 
miles  north-west  of  Lochmaben,  and  the 
parish  is  now  part  of  Tinwald. 

TRAILTROW,  ancient  parish,  now  part 
of  Cummertrees,  Dumfriesshire. 

TRALIG,  lake  discharging  Oude  rivulet, 
in  Kilninver  parish,  Argyleshire. 

TRALIGILL,  rivulet,  running  to  head  of 
Loch  Assynt  in  west  of  Sutherland. 

TRANENT,  town  and  parish  on  north- 
west border  of  Haddingtonshire.  The 
town  stands  along  the  brow  of  a  rising- 
ground  about  a  mile  south-south-east  of 
Prestonpans  railway  station,  and  3^  miles 
east  of  Musselburgh  ;  appears  on  record 
as  Travernent  in  12th  century ;  adjoins  a 
coal-field  which  has  been  worked  from 
that  time  till  now  ;  presents  an  irregular 
and  unattractive  appearance  ;  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  money  order  and 
telegraph  departments,  a  banking  office, 
2  inns,  Established,  Free,  United  Presby- 
terian, and  Methodist  churches,  and  a 
public  school  erected  in  1876  at  a  cost  of 
about  £6000.  Pop.  2235.— The  parish 
contains  also  Cockenzie  town,  and  Port- 
seaton,  Elphinstone,  and  Meadowmill 
villages.  Its  length  is  4|  miles;  its 
greatest  breadth  3  miles ;  its  area  5919 
acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £25,985. 
Pop.  5198.  The  surface  slopes  gradually, 
with  gentle  undulations,  from  the  southern 
boundary  toward  the  sea,  and  has  a  maxi- 
mum elevation  of  about  320  feet  above 
sea-level.  The  only  mansion  is  St.  Ger- 
mains ;  the  chief  antiquities  are  Elphin- 
stone and  Falside  towers  ;  and  interesting 
grounds  are  the  site  of  Seaton  Palace  and 
part  of  the  battlefield  of  Prestonpans. 
Established  and  Free  churches  are  at 
Cockenzie.  Stiell's  education  hospital  is 
£  mile  north  of  Tranent  town  ;  and  5 
schools,  with  accommodation  for  1141 
scholars,  are  in  the  parish. 


TRA 


449 


TRO 


TRAPRAIN,  conspicuous  steep  conical 
hill,  724  feet  high,  with  extensive  view, 
4^  miles  east  of  Haddington. 

TRAQUAIR,  hamlet  and  parish  on  south- 
east border  of  Peeblesshire.  The  hamlet 
lies  f  mile  from  right  bank  of  the  Tweed, 
and'  If  mile  south  of  Innerleithen ;  gave 
the  title  of  earl,  from  1633  till  1861,  to 
the  family  of  Stuart ;  and  has  a  church 
with  356  sittings,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  62  scholars.  The  post  town  is 
Innerleithen.— The  parish  measures  7| 
miles  by  5^,  and  comprises  15,327  acres. 
Eeal  property  in  1880-81,  £7977.  Pop. 
754.  The  Tweed  traces  all  the  north- 
ern boundary;  and  Quair  rivulet  goes 
northward  to  it  through  the  interior. 
Belts  of  valley,  with  elevation  of  from 
nearly  400  to  about  500  feet  above  sea- 
level,  lie  along  the  streams ;  hills  and 
mountains,  generally  steep,  lumpish,  and 
sombre,  occupy  most  of  the  area  ;  and  the 
summits  of  Minchmoor  and  Gumscleuch 
are  on  the  southern  boundary.  About 
3000  acres  are  in  tillage,  and  about  600 
are  under  wood.  The  'Bush  aboon  Tra- 
quair,'  celebrated  in  song,  was  a  grove  of 
natural  birches,  now  represented  by  some 
modern  trees.  Traquair  House,  formerly 
the  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Traquair,  is  an 
edifice  of  the  time  of  Charles  I.,  conjoined 
to  a  very  ancient  tower  ;  and  has  a  relin- 
quished avenue  approach  with  curious 
entrance  gateway,  believed  to  be  the 
prototype  of  Baron  Bradwardine's  avenue 
in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Waverley.  Other 
seats  are  Glen,  Cardrona,  and  Kailzie; 
and  chief  antiquities  -are  Cardrona  Tower 
and  several  camps. 

TRAVAY,  bay  in  south-east  of  Tyree 
Island,  Argyleshire. 

TREACHTAN,  small  lake  in  Glencoe, 
Argyleshire. 

TREALAVALL,  lake,  11  miles  south-west 
of  Stornoway,  Outer  Hebrides. 

TREASLAND,  seat  in  Snizort  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

TREES,  seat  near  Barrhead,  Benfrew- 
shire. 

TREESBANK,  seat  in  Eiccarton  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

TREFAD,  lofty  coast  cliff  in  south  of 
Latheron  parish,  Caithness. 

TREFOR,  large  steep  artificial  mound 
in  Bathen  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TREIG,  alpine  lake  and  rivulet  adjacent 
to  south-east  side  of  Bennevis,  Inverness- 
shire.  The  lake  is  7  miles  long,  but  com- 
paratively narrow  ;  and  the  rivulet  runs 
about  8  miles  in  a  semicircular  curve  to 
its  head,  passes  through  it,  and  proceeds 
about  2  miles  to  the  Spean. 

TRENABY,  estate  in  Deerness  parish, 
Orkney. 

TRESHINISH,  headland  at  north-west 
extremity  of  Mull  Island,  Argyleshire. 

TRESHINISH,  group  of  pastoral  islets 
off  north-west  coast  of  Mull,  Argyleshire. 
It  commences  about  2  miles  south-south- 
west of  Treshinish  headland,  extends  about 


4J  miles  south-south-westward,  and  com- 
prises Bachmore,  Bachbeg,  Lunga,  Fladda, 
Cairnburgbeg,  Cairnburgmore,  and  some 
intermediate  rocks. 

TRESSNESS,  peninsular  headland  and 
district,  with  several  tumuli  and  vestiges 
of  ancient  chapel,  in  east  of  Sanday 
Island,  Orkney. 

TRESTA,  hamlet  and  bay  in  Fetlar 
Island,  Shetland.  The  hamlet  has  a  post 
office  under  Lerwick. 

TREVIE,  lake  in  Dallas  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

TRIALIVALL.    See  Trealavall. 
TRIBBOCH,  old  tower  in  Stair  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

TRINAFOUR,  hamlet  in  Glenerichkie, 
Athole,  Perthshire. 

TRINITY,  town  on  Firth  of  Forth,  ad- 
jacent to  west  end  of  Newhaven,  2  miles 
north-by-west  of  Edinburgh.  It  consists 
largely  of  new  villas,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Edinburgh,  a  railway  station,  a 
long  chain-pier,  now  used  chiefly  for 
accommodation  of  bathers,  and  Free  and 
Episcopalian  churches. 

TRINITY,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  Aber- 
deen.   Pop.  3069. 

TRINITY  COLLEGE,  parish  in  north- 
east of  Old  Town  of  Edinburgh.  Its 
former  church  was  a  famous  edifice  of 
1462,  on  ground  now  covered  by  Noi'th 
British  Bailway  premises  ;  and  its  present 
church  stands  in  Jeffrey  Street,  and  was 
erected  in  1871-72,  largely  out  of  materials 
of  the  old  church.    Pop.  1257. 

TRINITY-GASK,  popularly  TARNTY, 
parish  on  the  Earn,  averagely  5^  miles 
east-by-south  of  Crieff,  Perthshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Auchterarder,  mea- 
sures about  5  miles  by  3,  and  comprises 
5689  acres.  Beal  property  in  1880-81, 
£7330.  Pop.  396.  Part  of  the  land  is 
low  and  nearly  flat,  and  part  rises  gently 
toward  the  north.  The  seats  are  Millearne 
and  Colquhalzie ;  the  antiquities  are  a 
Boman  causeway,  a  curious  standing-stone, 
and  a  ruined  old  castle  ;  and  a  noticeable  ob- 
ject is  a  well  famous  in  the  Bomish  times  for 
alleged  thaumaturgic  properties.  A  United 
Presbyterian  church  is  at  Kinkell.  The 
public  school  has  capacity  for  54  scholars. 

TRINITY-MOOR,  place  of  cattle  fairs 
about  a  mile  from  Brechin,  Forfarshire. 

TROCHRIE,  village  and  ruined  castle  of 
Earls  of  Gowrie,  4  miles  west-south- west  of 
Dunkeld,  Perthshire.  The  village  has  a  post 
office  under  Dunkeld,  and  a  Free  church. 

TRODDA,  pastoral  island  in  Kilmuir 
parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

TROHOUGHTON,  hamlet  and  eminence, 
believed  to  have  been  a  Boman  station,  3 
miles  south-south-east  of  Dumfries.  The 
hamlet  has  a  public  school  with  about  97 
scholars. 

TROMIE,  rivulet,  running  15  miles 
northward  to  the  Spey  at  2  miles  east- 
north-east  of  Kingussie,  Inverness-shire. 

TRON,  parish,  with  Established  and 
2p 


TRO 


450 


TUA 


Free  churches,  in  Old  Town  of  Edin- 
burgh.   Pop.  1912. 

TRON,  parish,  with  Established  and 
Free  churches,  in  central  part  of  Glasgow. 
Pop.  quoad  sacra,  4207. 

TRONACH,  ruined  castle  in  Eathven 
parish,  Banffshire. 

TRONDA,  bay  and  cave  in  Delting  parish, 
Shetland. 

TRONDRA,  island,  about  3  miles  long 
and  nearly  2  miles  broad,  in  southern 
vicinity  of  Scalloway,  Shetland.   Pop.  133. 

TROOL,  glen  and  lake  about  9  miles 
north  of  Minnigaff  village,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. The  glen  contains  a  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Galloway ;  is  flanked  by  lofty 
hills,  partly  precipitous,  partly  wooded  ; 
and  was  the  scene  of  a  skirmish,  in  1685, 
between  Covenanters  and  Government 
troops. — The  lake  lies  in  the  glen,  and  is 
2  miles  long,  and  richly  picturesque. 

TROON,  promontory,  seaport  town,  and 
quoad  sacra  parish  in  Kyle  district,  Ayr- 
shire. The  promontory  projects  into  head 
of  Ayr  Bay  at  5  miles  north  of  Ayr  town, 
measures  about  1J  mile  in  length  and  £ 
mile  in  breadth,  and  is  low,  rocky,  and 
curving. — The  town  occupies  large  portion 
of  the  promontory ;  figures  strikingly  in 
views  both  from  land  and  from  water  ; 
possesses  attractions  as  a  watering-place, 
and  advantageous  position  as  a  port ; 
communicates  with  Kilmarnock  by  a  rail- 
way of  1812,  the  oldest  in  Scotland ;  com- 
municates by  coach  also  with  a  near 
station  of  the  coast -line  railway  ;  and  has 
a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
2  banking  offices,  a  hotel,  large  harbour 
accommodations,  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  large 
public  school.  The  vessels  belonging  to 
the  port  at  end  of  1879  were  9  sailing 
vessels  of  1855  tons,  and  2  steam  vessels  of 
150  tons.  The  entries  during  that  year 
were  2759  British  vessels  of  309,620  tons, 
and  66  foreign  vessels  of  20,449  tons  ;  and 
the  departures  were  2687  British  vessels  of 
294,323  tons,  and  67  foreign  vessels  of 
19,842  tons.  Pop.  of  the  town,  2328  ;  of 
the  quoad  sacra  parish,  2532. 

TROQUEER,  parish,  containing  Max- 
welltown,  on  east  border  of  Kirkcud- 
brightshire. Its  length  is  8^  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  4J  miles ;  its  area 
11,675  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
of  Maxwelltown,  £12,837 ;  of  landward 
part,  £16,104.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  quoad 
civilia,  5524;  quoad  sacra,  3454.  The 
surface  extends  along  the  right  bank  of 
the  Nith  from  head  of  Maxwelltown  to  a 
point  near  Newabbey  village  ;  rises  thence 
in  the  aggregate  toward  the  west ;  and  is 
divided  into  three  sections  by  three  parallel 
ranges  of  heights,  all  of  such  gentle 
elevation  as  to  be  wholly  or  chiefly  arable. 
Chief  seats  are  Kirkconnell,  Cargen, 
Mabie,  Dalscairth,  Goldielea,  Terraughty, 
Carruchan,  Cargenholm,  Mavis-Grove,  and 
numerous  handsome  villas  ;  and  a  chief 
antiquity  is  a  circular  artificial  mound, 


anciently  a  seat  of  courts  of  justice.  The 
parochial  church  stands  on  the  Nith, 
opposite  extreme  south  of  Dumfries  ;  a 
quoad  sacra  parochial  church  and  a  Free 
church  are  in  Maxwelltown ;  a  Roman 
Catholic  church  is  at  Kirkconnell ;  and 
4  schools,  with  accommodation  for  710 
scholars,  are  in  the  parish. 

TROSSACHS,  defile  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  near  south-west  extremity  of  Perth- 
shire. The  defile  commences  8  miles  west- 
by-south  of  Callander ;  is  adjoined  there 
by  Trossachs  Hotel,  erected  in  1852,  and 
overhung  by  a  hill  1149  feet  high ;  extends 
about  a  mile  westward  to  foot  of  Loch 
Katrine ;  is  a  profound,  dark,  craggy, 
wooded  gorge,  overtopped  at  the  sides  of 
its  west  end  by  Benvenue  and  Benawn  ; 
took  its  name,  signifying  'Bristled  Land,' 
from  profusion  of  peaks  and  fissures  on  its 
flanks  ;  could  formerly  be  entered  only  by 
'  a  sort  of  ladder  composed  of  the  branches 
and  roots  of  trees ; '  is  now  traversed  by  a 
good  public  road,  commanding  impressive 
views  of  its  features ;  and  cannot  be  de- 
scribed better  than  in  the  highly  graphic 
language  of  a  well-known  long  passage  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake.— The 
quoad  sacra  parish  comprises  parts  of 
Callander,  Aberfoyle,  and  Port-of-Mon- 
teith.  Its  church,  a  small  modern  edifice, 
stands  on  Loch  Achray,  and  its  public 
school  has  about  38  scholars.    Pop.  302. 

TROSTRIE,  lake  in  Twynholm  parish, 
Kirkcu  dbrightshir  e. 

TROTTERNISH,  district,  comprehending 
all  Portree,  Kilmuir,  and  Snizort  parishes, 
and  small  part  of  Bracadale  and  Strath,  in 
Isle  of  Skye.  Most  of  it  is  peninsular  north- 
north-westward  from  the  isthmus  between 
head  of  Loch  Portree  and  Loch  Snizort. 

TROUP,  headland,  hill,  burn,  and  man- 
sion in  Gamrie  parish,  Banffshire. 

TROW-CRAIGS,  a  congeries  of  bold 
rocks  in  the  Tweed;  3f  miles  west-south- 
west of  Kelso,  Roxburghshire.  The  river's 
course  through  it,  in  ordinary  times,  is  a 
series  of  rapids  and  eddies ;  in  times  of 
freshet  is  wild  foaming  cataract. 

TROWS,  seat  in  Lesmahagow  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

TRUDERSCAIG,  lake  in  Kildonan  par- 
ish, Sutherland. 

TRUIM,  rivulet,  running  13  miles  north- 
north-eastward  to  the  Spey  at  6  miles 
west  of  Kingussie,  Inverness-shire. 

TRUMISGARRY,  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
North  Uist,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  measures 
about  17  miles  by  12,  and  has  Established 
and  Free  churches.    Pop.  881. 

TRUMP  AN,  old  church  in  Vaternish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

TRUSTACH,  estate  in  Banchory-Ternan 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

TRYNELAW,  seat  near  Strathaven,  Lan- 
arkshire. 

TRYST,  old  mustering  place  of  free- 
booters in  Morebattle  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

TUACH,  burn,  running  north-eastward 


TUA 


451 


TUL 


to  the  Don,  in  Kintore  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

TUACKS,  sepulchral  tumuli  in  Westray 
Island,  Orkney. 

TUADH,  sea-loch  on  west  coast  of  Mull 
Island,  flanked  on  south  side  by  Gometra 
and.Ulva  islands,  Argyleshire. 

TUBERNACH,  lake  in  Clyne  parish, 
Sutherland. 

TUDHOPE,  mountain,  1961  feet  high, 
10  miles  north-north-east  of  Langholm, 
Dumfriesshire. 

TUIMPAN,  headland  at  northern  ex- 
tremity of  Aird,  in  Stornoway  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

TUITEAM-TARBHACH,  battlefield  of 
14th  century  in  Kincardine  parish,  Ross- 
shire. 

TULLA,  island,  with  ruins  of  noble 
mansion,  in  Monteith  Lake,  Port-of-Mon- 
teith  parish,  Perthshire. 

TULLIALLAN,  parish,  containing  Kin- 
cardine town,  on  the  Forth,  in  detached 
district  of  Perthshire.  Its  length  is  about 
2§  miles  ;  its  breadth  nearly  2\  miles  ;  its 
area  3586  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£9120.  Pop.  2199.  The  land  includes 
part  of  a  gentle  broad-based  hill,  but 
mostly  slopes  gently  from  northern  bound- 
ary to  the  Forth,  and  comprises  a  valuable 
tract  reclaimed  and  embanked  from  the 
tide.  Coal  and  ironstone  are  plentiful. 
The  chief  seat  is  Tulliallan  Castle  ;  and 
the  chief  antiquities  are  the  ruined,  old 
Tulliallan  Castle,  and  the  old  church  at 
Overtown.  The  present  churches  are 
Established,  Free,  and  United  Presby- 
terian, and  the  public  schools  are  2,  with 
about  251  scholars. 

TULLIBARDINE,  place,  with  railway 
station  and  public  school,  1\  miles  north- 
north- west  of  Crieff  Junction,  Perthshire. 
Tullibardine  Castle,  in  vicinity  of  the  sta- 
tion, was  a  magnificent  seat  of  ancestors 
of  the  Duke  of  Athole  ;  underwent  total 
demolition  near  end  of  last  century ;  and 
gives  to  the  Duke  of  Athole  the  titles  of 
baron,  earl,  and  marquis.  Tullibardine 
Chapel,  in  the  same  vicinity,  is  an  old 
well-preserved  cruciform  edifice,  now  the 
burial-place  of  the  noble  family  of  Strath- 
allan. 

TULLIBODY,  village  and  ancient  parish 
in  Clackmannanshire.  The  village  stands 
2\  miles  west-north-west  of  Alloa,  claims 
to  have  been  founded  in  9th  century,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Stirling,  a  renovated 
church  of  12th  century,  a  Free  church, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  192  scholars. 
Tullibody  House,  in  the  vicinity,  is  a  seat 
of  Lord  Abercromby,  and  was  the  birth- 
place of  Sir  Ralph  Abercromby. — The 
parish  is  now  annexed  to  Alloa. 

TULLIBOLE,  ancient  parish,  now  annexed 
to  Fossaway,  in  Perthshire  and  Kinross- 
shire.  Tullibole  Castle  here  includes  a 
fortalice  of  1608,  and  belongs  to  Rev.  Sir 
Henry  vV.  Moncreiff,  Bart. 

TULLICH,  small  village  and  ancient 
parish  in  south-west  of  Aberdeenshire. 


The  village  stands  2  miles  north-north-east 
of  Ballater,  commands  a  charming  view, 
and  has  a  public  school  with  about  65 
scholars. — The  parish  is  now  annexed  to 
Glenmuick. 

TULLICH,  burn  in  Mortlach  parish, 
Banffshire. 

TULLILUM,  site  of  ancient  convent  and 
quasi-cathedral  in  east  of  Tibbermore  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

TULLIMOSS,  skirmish-field  of  1489  in 
Port-of-Monteith  parish,  Perthshire. 

TULLOCH,  village  and  bleachfield,  2 
miles  north-west  of  Perth. 

TULLOCH,  hill  and  castellated  mansion 
on  north  side  of  lower  part  of  Strathpeffer, 
Ross-shire. 

TULLOCH,  lake  in  Rafford  parish, 
Elginshire. 

TULLOCH,  lands  in  Bellie  parish,  Elgin- 
shire. 

TULLOCH,  burn,  running  to  the  Fiddich 
in  Mortlach  parish,  Banffshire. 

TULLOCH,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Abernethy  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

TULLOCH,  hill,  1541  feet  high,  with 
splendid  view,  in  Blair-Athole  parish, 
Perthshire. 

TULLOCH,  estate  in  Kiltearn  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

TULLOCH,  estate  in  Gairloch  parish, 
Ross-shire. 

TULLOCHARD,  lofty  mountain,  with 
extensive  view,  on  north  side  of  Loch 
Duich,  in  south-west  corner  of  Ross- 
shire. 

TULLOCHGORUM,  pristine  seat  of 
branch  of  clan  Grant  on  the  Spey,  nearly 
opposite  Abernethy  church,  Invemess- 
shire.  It  has  famous  association  with  the 
ancient  music  of  Strathspey. 

TULLO  CH6RIB  AN,  small  lake  in 
Duthill  parish,  Inverness-shire. 

TULLOCH  (LITTLE),  hill,  with  remains 
of  curious  ancient  stair-like  house,  in 
Aboyne  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TULLOCH  (NETHER  and  UPPER), 
places,  with  quondam  ancient  Caledonian 
remains,  in  Garvock  parish,  Kincardine- 
shire. 

TULLOES,  lands  in  Dunnichen  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

TULLOS,  hill-skirt  of  the  Grampians 
in  Nigg  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

TULLYBEAGLES,  detached  section  of 
Methven  parish,  Perthshire. 

TULLYBELTON,  seat  and  hill  in  Auch- 
tergaven  parish,  Perthshire. 

TULLYDIVIE,  hamlet  in  Edenkillie  par- 
ish, Elginshire. 

TULLYMET,  hamlet  and  seat,  4  miles 
south-east  of  Pitlochrie,  Perthshire.  The 
hamlet  has  a  post  office  under  Ballinluig, 
and  a  Baptist  chapel. 

TULLYNESSLE,  parish  on  left  side  of 
the  Don  in  Alford  district,  Aberdeenshire. 
It  contains  Forbes  post  office  under  Aber- 
deen, lies  adjacent  to  Alford  village,  mea- 
sures about  7  miles  by  4,  and  comprises 
11,279  acres.    Real  property  in  1880-81, 


TUL 


452 


TUR 


£6034.  Pop.  981.  The  tract  adjacent 
to  the  Don  is  valley,  and  the  surface 
thence  ascends  in  somewhat  parallel  glens 
and  ridges  to  a  lofty  hill-range  on  the 
northern  and  western  borders.  A  chief 
residence  is  "Whitehaugh,  and  a  place  of 
chief  interest  is  General  Baillie's  camping- 
ground  on  eve  of  the  battle  of  Alford. 
There  are  2  public  schools  with  about  171 
sell,  ol  £irs 

TULLYPOWRIE,  place,  1J  mile  from 
Aberfeldy,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Ballinluig. 

TULM,  pastoral  islet  in  Kilmuir  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

TUMMEL,  lake  and  river  in  north  of 
Perthshire.  The  lake  commences  9  miles 
west-north-west  of  Pitlochrie ;  is  about 
3  miles  long  and  7  furlongs  wide ;  has 
diversified  shores,  beautiful  flanks  ascend- 
ing to  high  undulating  ridges,  and  a 
grand  sky-line,  including  Benvracky  and 
Schichallion ;  is  overhung  by  a  grand 
standpoint  called  the  Queen's  View  ;  and 
contains,  near  its  head,  a  wooded  artificial 
islet,  with  vestiges  of  an  ancient  fortalice. 
— The  river  issues  from  the  lake  into  a 
narrow,  romantic,  Highland  glen ;  makes 
there,  at  1\  miles  from  the  lake,  a  magni- 
ficent fall  of  rapids,  cataracts,  and  a  ter- 
minating leap  of  18  feet ;  proceeds  thence 
through  a  wider  glen  with  softer  screens  ; 
and  runs  altogether  about  12  miles,  in 
demi-semi-circle,  to  the  Tay  at  Logierait. 
But  the  Gair  rises  near  King's  House, 
within  Argyleshire,  traverses  Loch  Lydoch, 
and  goes  eastward  to  head  of  Loch  Ran- 
noch ;  and  Rannoch  river  issues  from  foot 
of  Loch  Eannoch,  and  goes  eastward  to 
head  of  Loch  Tummel ;  and  these  are  the 
upper  and  the  middle  reaches  of  the  same 
river  as  the  Tummel. 

TUMMEL-BRIDGE,  hamlet  on  Rannoch 
river,  .3  miles  west  of  head  of  Loch  Tum- 
mel, Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Pitlochrie,  an  inn,  and  a  Free  church. 

TUNDERGARTH,  parish,  with  church 
3  miles  east-by-south  of  Lockerby,  Dum- 
friesshire. Its  length  is  9^  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  2\  miles  ;  its  area  10,482 
acres.  Real  property  in  18S0-81,  £8219. 
Pop.  466.  The  surface  is  bounded  from 
end  to  end,  on  north  side,  by  Milk 
rivulet,  declines  all  to  that  stream,  and 
has  such  prevailing  ruggedness  as  to  be 
mostly  pastoral.  Tundergarth  Castle  was 
an  ancient  fortalice,  but  is  now  extinct. 
Existing  antiquities  are  remains  of  ancient 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  traces  of  a  Roman 
road  and  numerous  small  camps.  The 
public  school  has  about  75  scholars. 

TUNILAW,  lofty  coast  cliff,  with  remains 
of  Caledonian  fort,  a  little  north-west  of 
St.  Abb's  Head,  in  Berwickshire. 

TURFHOLM,  section  of  Lesmahagow 
town,  Lanarkshire. 

TURIN,  estate  and  hill,  with  craggy 
summit  crowned  by  remains  of  large 
Caledonian  fort,  4  miles  east  of  Forfar. 


TURINGS,  quondam  ancient  tower  in 
Foveran  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TURK,  streamlet,  running  5  miles  south- 
south-eastward  down  Glenfinlas  to  outlet 
of  Loch  Achray,  near  south-west  extremity 
of  Perthshire.  It  first  traverses  a  profound 
chasm,  then  runs  some  distance  under- 
ground, then  emerges  toward  a  gorge,  then 
makes  along  cataract,  then  glides  into  the 
efflux  from  Loch  Achray  at  Bridge  of  Turk. 

TURLUM.    See  Toklum. 

TURNAGAIN,  eminence  on  Luncarty 
battlefield,  in  Redgorton  parish,  Perth- 
shire. 

TURNBERRY,  headland,  with  vestiges 
of  ancient  castle,  6  miles  north-by-east 
of  Girvan,  Ayrshire.  The  castle  was  a 
fortalice  of  the  petty  kings  of  Galloway  ; 
became  the  chief  seat  of  the  Earls  of 
Carrick  ;  went  by  marriage  with  Countess 
of  Carrick  to  Bruce  of  Annandale  ;  was 
seized  and  garrisoned  by  the  troops  of 
Edward  I.  of  England  ;  and,  by  enterpris- 
ing feat  graphically  described  in  Sir  Wal- 
ter Scott's  Lord  of  the  Isles,  was  stormed 
and  taken  by  King  Robert  Bruce. 

TURNER  HALL,  seat,  2  miles  north  of 
Ellon,  Aberdeenshire. 

TURNHOUSE,  one  of  the  Pentland  Hills, 
in  Glencross  parish,  Edinburghshire. 

TURNLAW,  hill  in  Cambuslang  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

TURNNESS,  headland  at  south-western 
extremity  of  Hoy  Island,  Orkney. 

TURNWHEEL,  place  at  influx  of  Rotten 
Calder  to  the  Clyde  in  Lanarkshire. 

TURRET,  rivulet,  running  about  8^ 
miles  south-eastward  to  the  Earn  in 
western  vicinity  of  Crieff,  Perthshire.  It 
rises  on  Benchonzie ;  expands  soon  into  a 
lake  about  a  mile  long,  overhung  by  moun- 
tains 2535  and  2571  feet  high ;  makes  after- 
wards a  leap  of  30  feet;  and  throughout  most 
of  its  course  traverses  a  picturesque  glen. 

TURRIFF,  town,  parish,  and  district  on 
north-west  border  of  Aberdeenshire.  The 
town  stands  on  burn  of  its  own  name,  \ 
mile  south-east  of  influx  to  the  Deveron, 
and  Htj  miles  south-south-east  of  Banff  ; 
is  mostly  old  and  irregular,  but  partly  new 
and  well-built ;  carries  on  some  manufac- 
ture and  considerable  inland  trade ;  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  all  departments, 
a  railway  station,  4  banking  offices,  several 
inns,  a  renovated  ancient  market  -  cross, 
Established,  Free,  and  Episcopalian 
churches,  and  3  public  schools.  Pop.  2304. 
—The  parish  measures  1\  miles  by  5f ,  and 
comprises  18,386  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £21,548.  Pop.  4343.  The 
surface  rises  aggregately  eastward  and 
south-eastward  from  the  Deveron,  but  is 
much  diversified  with  flats,  vales,  undula- 
tions, hills^and  pastoral  plateaux.  Chief 
seats  are  Dalgaty,  Hatton,  Muiresk, 
Scobbach,  Gask,  and  Towie-Barclay ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  cairns,  tumuli,  and 
standing  -  stones.  There  are  5  public 
schools  with  about  662  scholars.  —  The 
district  extends  from  northern  vicinity  of 


TUR 


453 


TYN 


Old  Meldrum  to  vicinity  of  Banff,  and 
measures  about  22  miles  by  13. 

TURRY,  quondam  ancient  chapel  in 
Coull  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TUSHIELAW,  burn,  inn,  and  old  tower 
in  Selkirkshire.  The  inn  stands  at  influx 
of  the  burn  to  Ettrick  river,  4£  miles  north- 
east of  Ettrick  hamlet ;  and  the  tower 
stands  £  mile  to  the  south-west,  and  was 
the  stronghold  of  the  notable  freebooter 
commonly  called  King  of  the  Thieves. 

TWATT,  place,  with  public  school, 
ancient  burying- place,  and  site  of  ancient 
church,  in  Sandsting  parish,  Shetland. 

TWECHAR,  village  in  Kirkintilloch 
parish,  Dumbartonshire.    Pop.  671. 

TWEED,  river,  chiefly  in  Scotland, 
partly  on  boundary  with  England,  and 
briefly  in  England.  It  rises  near  centre 
of  Southern  Highlands,  at  elevation  of 
about  1500  feet  above  sea-level ;  runs  pre- 
vailingly north-north-eastward  to  Peebles, 
eastward  and  sometimes  east-south-east- 
ward thence  to  Kelso,  and  variously  north- 
eastward and  north-north-eastward  thence 
to  the  sea  at  Berwick  ;  and,  measured  in 
straight  lines,  has  a  total  course  of  about  100 
miles.  Its  upper  reaches  traverse  bleak  high 
moors ;  its  further  reaches  traverse  narrow 
vales,  flanked  by  verdant  or  wooded  hills  ; 
its  still  further  reaches  traverse  a  wide,  rich 
valley  with  fine  diversity  of  sky -line  ;  and 
its  final  reaches  traverse  a  deep  wood- 
fringed  bed  through  a  great  opulent  cham- 
paign. Its  basin  comprises  about  1870 
square  miles  ;  and  both  its  own  waters 
and  those  of  its  chief  affluents  afford 
famous  fishing. 

TWEEDDALE.  See  Peeblesshire,  That 
county  under  this  name  gives  the  title  of 
earl  and  marquis  to  the  family  of  Hay. 

TWEED  EN,  burn,  running  to  the  Liddel 
at  ^  mile  south  of  Newcastleton,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

TWEEDHILL,  seat  in  Hutton  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

TWEEDHOPE,  head-stream  of  the  Tweed 
in  Tweedsmuir  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

TWEEDMILL,  place  in  Coldstream  par- 
ish, Berwickshire. 

TWEEDSCROSS,  hill,  with  site  of  ancient 
cross,  adjacent  to  source  of  the  Tweed,  on 
south-west  verge  of  Peeblesshire. 

TWEEDSIDE,  reach  of  the  Tweed's  vale 
within  Selkirkshire. 

TWEEDSMUIR,  parish  in  extreme  south- 
west of  Peeblesshire.  It  contains  Crook 
post  office  under  Biggar,  measures  9  miles 
by  8^,  and  comprises  32,469  acres.  Beal 
property  in  1880-81,  £8207.  Pop.  215. 
The  boundary  all  round,  except  for  about 
2f  miles  in  the  north,  consists  of  lofty 
watersheds  of  the  Southern  Highlands, 
and  includes,  in  the  south-west  and  south, 
some  of  their  loftiest  summits  ;  and  even 
all  the  interior  is  a  congeries  of  mountains 
and  lofty  hills,  diversified  only  by  bogs  and 
narrow  vales.  The  entire  area  is  simply 
the  basin  of  the  uppermost  reach  of  the 
Tweed.    A  chief  residence  is  Oliver  House, 


and  chief  antiquities  are  vestiges  of  Oliver, 
Fruid,  and  Hawkshaw  castles.  The  church 
was  rebuilt  in  1875 ;  and  the  public  school 
has  accommodation  for  35  scholars. 

TWEED'S  WELL,  fountain  emitting  head- 
stream  of  the  Tweed,  6f  miles  south-south- 
west of  Tweedsmuir  church,  Peeblesshire. 

TWINLAW,  one  of  the  Lammermoor 
Hills,  crowned  by  two  large  conspicuous 
cairns,  in  north  of  "Westruther  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

TWISLEHOPE,  burn,  running  to  Her- 
mitage rivulet  in  Castleton  parish,  Box- 
burghshire. 

TWYNHOLM,  village  and  parish  in  south 
of  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The  village  stands 
3  miles  north-north-west  of  Kirkcudbright, 
and  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire, a  parochial  church  with 
410  sittings,  and  a  public  school  with  96 
scholars. — The  parish  measures  9f  miles 
by  2^,  and  comprises  10,484  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £9670.  Pop.  681. 
The  Tarf  forms  middle  part  of  the  eastern 
boundary  for  nearly  2  miles,  and  the  Dee 
afterwards  forms  it  to  a  point  about  3 
miles  south  of  Kirkcudbright.  The  land 
adjacent  to  the  rivers  is  partly  haugh  ; 
westward,  in  the  south  and  in  the  centre, 
is  rolling  and  hillocky  ;  and  in  the  north  is 
chiefly  high  pastoral  plateau.  Chief  seats 
are  Compston  and  Barwhinnock ;  and 
chief  antiquities  are  ruins  of  Compston 
Castle  and  remains  of  Caledonian  forts. 

TYNABRUACH.    See  Tighnabruaich. 

TYNDRUM,  small  village  at  head  of 
Strathfillan,  amid  wild  mountain  scenery, 
34  miles  by  railway  north-west-by-west  of 
Callander,  Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Stirling,  a  railway  station,  and  a 
large  hotel. 

TYNE,  river,  rising  on  east  verge  of 
Edinburghshire,  bisecting  all  Haddington- 
shire, running  altogether  about  28  miles, 
chiefly  north-eastward,  and  entering  the 
sea  about  2|  miles  north-west  of  Dunbar. 

TYNE,  large  river,  drawing  brief  head- 
streams  from  south-east  border  of  Rox- 
burghshire, but  having  all  its  subsequent 
course  within  England  to  the  sea  between 
Tynemouth  and  South  Shields. 

TYNECASTLE,  western  suburb  of  Edin- 
burgh. 

TYNEHEAD,  place  near  source  of  Tyne 
river,  16  miles  south-east  of  Edinburgh. 
It  has  a  post  office  designated  of  Mid- 
Lothian,  and  a  railway  station. 

TYNETT,  burn  and  place,  with  Roman 
Catholic  church,  in  Rathven  parish,  Banff- 
shire. 

TYNNINGHAME,  village,  bay,  noble 
mansion,  and  ancient  parish  on  north 
coast  of  Haddingtonshire.  The  village 
stands  5J  miles  west-north-west  of  Dun- 
bar, and  has  a  post  office  under  Preston- 
kirk,  and  a  public  school  with  about  87 
scholars.— The  bay  is  a  small  estuary  at 
mouth  of  the  Tyne.— The  mansion  stands 
about  £  mile  west  of  the  bay,  is  the  chief 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Haddington,  and  has 


TYN 


454 


TJDS 


an  extensive  richly- wooded  park.  —  The 
parish  is  now  united  to  Whitekirk. 

TYNRON,  hamlet  and  parish  in  Upper 
Nithsdale,  Dumfriesshire.  The  hamlet 
lies  on  the  Shinnel,  2f  miles  west-south- 
west of  Penpont,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Thornhill,  a  church,  and  a  public 
school. — The  parish  measures  9^  miles  by- 
Si,  and  comprises  15,683  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5960.  Pop.  416. 
The  surface  consists  chiefly  of  the 
Shinnel's  glen  and  two  lofty  flanking  hill- 
ridges.  Tynron-Doon,  at  foot  of  the  glen, 
projects  saliently  from  one  of  the  hill- 
ridges,  has  a  profile  fancied  to  resemble 
that  of  a  human  face,  is  crowned  by 
vestiges  of  a  notable  ancient  fortalice,  and 
figures  very  strikingly  in  many  views  to 
the  east.  A  Roman  road  went  from  the 
Doon  along  the  face  of  the  hill-ridge  to 
the  upper  part  of  the  glen,  and  has  left  very 
distinct  traces.  There  are  2  schools,  with 
jointly  accommodation  for  78  scholars. 

TYREBAGGER,  hill  with  granite  quarry 
in  Dyce  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

TYREE,  island  and  parish  in  Argyleshire 
Hebrides.  The  island  extends  south-west- 
ward on  a  line  with  Coll;  lies,  at  its 
north-eastern  extremity,  2  miles  south  of 
Coll,  and  13  west-by-south  of  Treshinish 
Point  in  Mull ;  and  measures  13  miles  in 
length,  and  from  1^  mile  to  6j  miles  in 
breadth.  Its  north-eastern  and  middle 
parts  have  a  mean  elevation  of  not  more 
than  20  feet  above  high-water  level ;  its 
south-western  parts  are  diversified  only  by 
eminences  from  30  to  400  feet  high;  its 
shores  are  sandy  beaches  and  bays  with 
interspersions  of  ridgy  rocks ;  and  its 
entire  surface  is  destitute  of  either  tree 
or  shrub.  Somewhat  more  than  a  third 
is  in  tillage,  and  the  rest  is  pastoral  or 
waste.  A  factor's  dwelling-house,  on  the 
site  of  an  ancient  castle,  is  a  chief  resi- 
dence ;  and  standing-stones,  Scandinavian 
forts,  and  ruined  churches  are  the  chief 
antiquities.  The  island  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  under 
Oban,  Established,  Free,  Congregational, 
and  Baptist  churches,  and  2  old  schools 
and  3  new  ones,  with  aggregate  capacity 
for  498  scholars.  Pop.  2733.— The  parish 
includes  also  Skerryvore  Island.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £5636.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  2733  ;  quoad  sacra,  1241. 

TYRIE,  hamlet  and  parish  near  north- 
east extremity  of  Aberdeenshire.  The 
hamlet  lies  5  miles  south-west  of  Fraser- 
burgh, and  has  a  post  office  under  Fraser- 
burgh, a  church  with  400  sittings,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  92  scholars. — The 
parish  contains  also  New  Pitsligo  town, 
and  includes  most  of  New  Pitsligo  quoad 
sacra  parish.  Its  length  is  7^  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  3^  miles  ;  its  area  11,182 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £10,060. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  3391;  quoad  sacra, 
871.  The  surface  is  variously  hill  and 
dale,  and  rises  north-westward  into  a  high 
range    continuous   with  the  heights  of 


Aberdour.  The  seats  are  Boyndlie,  Ladys- 
f  ord,  and  Tillanamols  ;  and  the  antiquities 
are  tumuli  and  other  memorials  of  battle. 
Four  places  of  worship  and  3  schools  are 
in  New  Pitsligo. 

TYRIE,  farm,  with  remains  of  old  chapel, 
in  Kinghorn  parish,  Fife. 


UAIGHLAMAICH,  large  arch-roofed 
cavern  on  west  coast  of  Jura  Island, 
Argyleshire.  It  opens  at  about  38  feet 
above  sea-level,  is  33  feet  high  at  the 
entrance,  and  has  an  interior  area  of  1312 
square  yards. 

UAIGHMORE,  cavern  in  loftiest  summit 
of  Braes  of  Doune,  4  miles  north-east  of 
Callander,  Perthshire.  It  is  the  Uamoar 
of  Sir  "Walter  Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake, 
where  '  'tis  told  a  giant  made  his  den  of 
old ; '  and  it  has  a  spring  leaping  from  its 
side  in  the  manner  of  a  jet. 

UAIGH-THORCUIL,  cave  in  hill  above 
Dunrobin,  in  Golspie  parish,  Sutherland. 

UAISH,  ancient  forest  on  Benwyvis, 
Ross-shire. 

UAMH-A-CHOINNLEIR,  dark  cave,  about 
50  feet  high  and  nearly  100  feet  long,  in 
Duirinish  parish,  Isle  of  Skye. 

UAMH-AN-OIR,  cave,  presenting  minia- 
ture resemblance  to  the  great  cave  of  Staffa, 
on  north-east  coast  of  Isle  of  Skye. 

UAMOAR.    See  Uaighmoke. 

UCHTERMONSEY,  ancient  parish,  now 
called  Moonzie,  in  Fife. 

UDALE,  estate  in  Cromarty  parish, 
Cromartyshire. 

UDDINGSTON,  town  near  the  Clyde,  9 
miles  south-east  of  Glasgow.  It  rose 
recently  from  the  condition  of  a  village  ; 
carries  on  extensive  manufacture  of  agri- 
cultural implements  ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Glasgow,  a  railway  station, 
a  banking  office,  a  quoad  sacra  parochial 
church  of  1873,  a  Free  church  of  1876,  and 
United  Presbyterian  and  Evangelical  Union 
churches.  Pop.  of  town,  3542;  of  quoad 
sacra  parish,  4086. 

UDDINGTON,  village  in  Douglas  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

UDNY,  village  and  parish  in  Formartine 
district,  Aberdeenshire.  The  village  stands 
14^  miles  north-by-west  of  Aberdeen,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Aberdeen,  a  railway 
station,  a  banking  office,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  male  and  female  public 
schools. — The  parish  measures  about  6f 
miles  by  6,  and  comprises  11,548  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £14,528.  Pop. 
1638.  The  surface  is  partly  flat  and 
partly  undulating.  The  seats  are  Pittrichie 
and  Tillygreig ;  and  the  antiquities  are 
Dumbrake  Castle  on  Udny  estate,  and  two 
ruined  mansions  on  Pitmedden  estate. 
There  are  4  schools  with  accommodation  for 
344  scholars,  and  part  of  1  of  them  is  new. 

UDSTON,  quondam  seat  of  branch  of  the 
Hamilton  family  in  Hamilton  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 


UGI 


455 


ULV 


UGIE,  river,  formed  by  two  head-streams, 
and  running  about  20  miles,  chiefly  in 
south-easterly  direction,  to  the  sea  about 
a  mile  north  of  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire. 

UIDHAY,  islet  adjacent  to  north-east 
side  of  Barra,  Outer  Hebrides. 

UIE,  isthmus  and  quoad  sacra  parish 
in  east  of  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides.  The 
isthmus  connects  the  mainland  of  Stcrno- 
way  with  the  peninsula  of  Airds,  lies  low, 
and  partly  is  less  than  200  yards  broad.— 
The  parish  is  commonly  called  Knock,  and 
has  Established  and  Free  churches  at  about 
4  miles  from  Stornoway  town.   Pop.  2990. 

UIG,  parish  in  south-west  of  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.  It  contains  Carloway 
post  office  village,  and  Breasclet,  Caller- 
nish,  and  Valtos  villages ;  comprehends  a 
mainland  part  of  Lewis,  measuring  24 
miles  by  10 ;  includes  Bernera,  Mealista, 
Babay,  Yacsay,  and  Flannan  islands ;  and 
comprises  135,471  acres.  Keal  property  in 
1880-81,  £4627.  Pop.  3489.  The  main- 
land part  is  broadly  and  deeply  bisected 
by  Loch  Boag ;  includes  also  Shawbost, 
Carloway,  and  Uig  bays ;  and  is  bounded 
on  the  south  by  Loch  Keasort.  The  sea- 
board is  mostly  low,  and  extensively  arable ; 
and  the  interior  lies  aggregately  higher 
than  the  rest  of  Lewis,  and  consists  chiefly 
of  bleak  hills  arid  flat  moors.  A  chief 
object  of  interest  is  a  large  Caledonian 
stone  circle  on  a  mound  overlooking  Loch 
Boag.  The  churches  are  a  parochial  one 
with  1000  sittings,  and  2  Free  ;  and  there 
are  7  schools,  all  new,  with  accommodation 
for  699  scholars. 

UIG,  village  on  circular  bay  of  its  own 
name,  14  miles  north-north-west  of  Por- 
tree, Isle  of  Skye.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Portree,  and  an  inn. 

UILEVAY,  good  natural  harbour  on  east 
side  of  Barra  Island,  Outer  Hebrides. 

UISHGAVA,  large,  intricately-ramified 
sea-loch  on  east  side  of  Benbecula,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

UIST,  narrow  sound  between  Bernera 
and  North  Uist  islands,  Outer  Hebrides. 

UIST  (NORTH),  island  and  parish  in 
Inverness-shire  Outer  Hebrides.  The 
island  lies  opposite  the  northern  third  of 
Skye,  and  immediately  south  of  Harris 
Sound;  measures  16^  miles  from  east  to 
west,  and  13  from  north  to  south;  is  an 
intricate  assemblage  of  sea-lochs,  penin- 
sulas, fresh-water  lakes,  moors,  marshes, 
hills,  and  plains ;  contains,  on  its  east 
side,  the  seaport  village  and  head  post 
office  of  Lochmaddy ;  is  pierced,  on  its 
east  coast,  by  two  very  singular  and  grand 
caverns;  and  has  numerous  tumuli  and 
many  remains  of  Scandinavian  forts. 
Pop.  3358. — The  parish  contains  also 
Baleshare,  Illeray,  Boveray,  Grimisay, 
Heisker,  Hut,  Kirkibost,  Levera,  Mhor- 
gay,  Monach,  Bonay,  and  Vallay  islands, 
and  is  divided  quoad  sacra  into  North 
Uist-proper  and  Trumisgarry.  Beal  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £5380.     Pop.,  quoad 


civilia,  4264;  quoad  sacra,  3383.  The 
churches  are  3  Established  and  2  Free. 
There  are  14  schools  for  832  scholars,  and  5 
of  them  and  enlargements  for  467  are  new. 

UIST  (SOUTH),  island  and  parish  in 
Inverness-shire  Hebrides.  The  island  lies 
opposite  the  southern  half  of  Skye ; 
extends  southward  from  Benbecula  Sound; 
measures  8  miles  from  east  to  west,  and  21 
from  north  to  south ;  comprises,  on  its 
east  side,  three  mountain  groups,  two  of 
them  rising  to  altitudes  of  respectively 
1992  and  2038  feet,  and  all  separated  from 
one  another  by  long  sea-lochs;  consists, 
throughout  its  west  side,  of  a  mixture  of 
marshes,  plains,  fresh- water  lakes,  and 
pastoral  grounds  ;  has,  on  its  east  coast, 
a  cave  which  gave  shelter  to  Prince 
Charles  Edward  for  some  days  after  his 
defeat  at  Culloden.  Pop.  3810.— The 
parish  comprehends  also  Benbecula,  Eris- 
kay,  Fladda,  Grimisay,  and  Wiay  islands. 
Beal  property  in  1880-81,  £6726.  Pop. 
6063.  The  churches  are  3  Established, 
2  Free,  and  2  Boman  Catholic.  There  are 
10  schools  for  1051  scholars,  and  5  of  them 
and  enlargements  for  717  are  new. 

ULBSTER,  headland,  hamlet,  and  man- 
sion, 6  miles  south-south-east  of  Wick, 
Caithness. 

ULLAPOOL,  seaport  village  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  on  west  coast  of  Boss-shire. 
The  village  stands  on  north  side  of  Loch 
Broom,  45  miles  north -west-by- west  of 
Dingwall ;  was  founded  in  1788,  to  serve 
as  the  headquarters  of  a  fishery  district ; 
presents  a  neat  appearance,  amid  pleasant 
environs ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Boss-shire,  a  banking  office, 
a  hotel,  a  good  harbour,  Established  and 
Free  churches,  and  a  large  public  school 
of  1877.  Pop.  897.— The  parish  was 
constituted  ecclesiastically  in  1833,  and 
politically  after  1843,  and  measures  25 
miles  by  12.    Pop.  2573. 

ULLHOUSE,  seat  in  Delting  parish, 
Shetland. 

ULLINISH,  islet  in  Kilmuir  parish,  Isle 

of  Skye. 

ULSTA,  place  in  north  of  Shetland.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick. 

ULSTON,  village  in  Jedburgh  parish, 
Boxburghshire. 

ULVA,  village,  island,  and  quoad  sacra 
parish  in  north-west  of  Mull  district, 
Argyleshire.  The  village  stands  on  east 
end  of  the  island,  on  north  side  of  Loch- 
na-Keal ;  was  once  populous,  but  first 
declined  to  the  condition  of  a  hamlet,  and 
then  suffered  severely  by  fire  in  1880 ; 
furnishes  boats  for  visiting  Staffa  and 
Inchkenneth ;  and  has  a  ferry  station,  an 
inn,  a  church,  and  a  public  school. — The 
island  measures  4i  miles  by  nearly  2 ;  is 
very  nearly  united,  at  its  west  end,  with 
Gometra ;  consists  largely  of  basaltic 
cliffs  and  colonnades,  similar  to  those  of 
Staffa  and  Giant's  Causeway ;  rises  in  suc- 
cessive tiers  or  terraces  to  a  height  of 


ULV 


456 


IJRI 


about  1300  feet ;  includes  a  group  of 
columnar  rocks  resembling  fortalices,  and 
a  promontory  with  outline  like  well-formed 
bust  of  an  old  woman ;  and  contains  a 
large  modern  mansion,  the  old  residence 
of  the  Macquaries,  an  ancient  burying- 
ground,  a  ruined  Scandinavian  castle,  and 
several  large  ancient  standing-stones. 
Pop.  19. — The  parish  was  constituted 
ecclesiastically  in  1833,  and  politically  in 
1845,  and  comprehends  Ulva,  Gometra, 
Little  Colonsay,  and  Staffa  islands,  and 
part  of  Mull.    Pop.  164. 

ULVA,  place, with  public  school,  in  North 
Knapdale  parish,  Argyleshire. 

ULYSSES-HAVEN,  old  village,  now 
called  Usan,  in  Craig  parish,  Forfarshire. 

UNAPOOL,  place  with  inn  on  south  side 
of  Kyle-Skow,  on  south-west  coast  of 
Sutherland. 

UNDERCRAIG,  eminence  and  hamlet  in 
Erskine  parish,  Renfrewshire.  The  emi- 
nence commands  a  splendid  view,  and  the 
hamlet  has  a  public  school  with  about  77 

UNDERWOOD,  seat  to  the  south  of  Ric- 
carton,  Ayrshire. 

UNES,  river,  better  known  as  Fleet,  in 
south-east  of  Sutherland. 

UNICK,  mountain  rivulet,  running  6 
miles  eastward  to  Lee  Lake  in  Lochlee 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

UNICORN,  sunken  rock  outside  north 
entrance  of  Bressay  Sound,  in  Shetland. 

UNIMORE,  picturesque  mountain  vale, 
entered  from  Loch  Aline  and  Loch  Teagus, 
in  Morvern  parish,  Argyleshire. 

UNION  BRIDGE,  suspension  carriage 
bridge  on  the  Tweed,  1^  mile  south  of 
Paxton  village,  Berwickshire.  It  was 
erected  in  1820,  and  is  361  feet  long  and 
18  feet  wide. 

UNION  CANAL,  canal  from  western  part 
of  Edinburgh,  westward  to  Forth  and 
Clyde  Canal  at  lj  mile  west-south-west 
of  Falkirk.  It  measures  31|  miles  in 
length ;  goes  30  miles  on  level,  then  falls 
110  feet  by  11  locks ;  is  5  feet  deep,  and 
has  a  width  of  40  feet  at  top  and  20  feet 
at  bottom.  It  was  formed  in  1818-22 ; 
it  served  till  the  railway  times  for  pas- 
senger traffic  between  Edinburgh  and 
Glasgow ;  it  became  the  property  of 
the  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow  Railway  Com- 
pany in  1848,  and  passed  with  that  to  the 
North  British ;  and  it  now  serves  chiefly 
for  mineral  traffic. 

UNST,  island  and  parish  in  extreme 
north  of  Shetland.  The  island,  except  by 
sounds  in  the  south  and  south-west,  is 
surrounded  by  the  open  ocean  ;  it  extends 
11^2  miles  north-north-eastward,  and  is 
about  3£  miles  broad ;  it  exhibits,  all 
round,  a  series  of  promontories,  sea-lochs, 
headlands,  and  bays ;  it  presents,  espe- 
cially to  the  north  and  to  the  west,  rocky, 
mural,  cavernous, and  lofty  ranges  of  coast ; 
it  culminates,  at  north  end,  in  a  bold 
conspicuous  hill,  938  feet  high,  pierced 
through  the  base  by  a  grand  natural  sea- 


tunnel  ;  it  comprises,  throughout  the  in- 
terior, about  4000  acres  either  actually  in 
tillage  or  naturally  arable ;  it  exports 
chromate  of  iron,  and  abounds  in  other  rare 
or  valuable  minerals ;  and  it  contains  the 
post  office  villages  of  Baltasound  and 
Uyeasound,  Belmont  and  Bunness  man- 
sions, a  parochial  church  with  1224  sittings, 
a  Free  church,  a  Methodist  church,  4  pub- 
lic schools,  ruins  or  vestiges  of  more  than 
20  ancient  places  of  worship,  numerous 
tumuli,  and  a  chain  of  Scandinavian  dunes. 
Pop.  2173. — The  parish  comprehends  also 
Flugga,  Uyea,  and  Balta  islands,  and  a 
number  of  pastoral  islets.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £3445.    Pop.  2181. 

UNTHANK,  -place,  with  ruined  old  chapel, 
in  Ewes  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

UNTHANK,  burn  in  Avondale  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

UPHALL,  village  and  parish  in  Linlith- 
gowshire. The  village  stands  on  Broxburn 
rivulet,  13J  miles  west-by-south  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  department,  designated  of  Linlith- 
gowshire, a  railway  station,  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  155  scholars.  Pop.  591. — The 
parish  contains  also  Broxburn  town, 
measures  4f  miles  by  3,  and  comprises  4541 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £34,331. 
Pop.  4812.  Almond  river  traces  all  the 
eastern  boundary.  The  land  is  boldly  un- 
dulated, but  not  hilly.  Coal,  ironstone, 
limestone,  and  excellent  sandstone  are 
plentiful.  The  seats  are  Amondell,  Kirk- 
hill,  Houston,  and  Middleton.  United 
Presbyterian  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
and  a  large  public  school,  are  at  Brox- 
burn. 

UPLAWMOOR,  village,  3^  miles  south 
of  Neilston,  Renfrewshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  with  about  111  scholars. 

UPPAT,  estate  in  Clyne  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

UPPER  BARVAS,  etc.     See  Barvas, 

UPPER  KEITH,  village  in  Humbie 
parish,  Haddingtonshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  East  Lothian. 

UPSETLINGTON,  village  and  ancient 
parish  on  east  border  of  Berwickshire. 
The  village  stands  on  the  Tweed,  7  miles 
north-north-east  of  Coldstream,  and  the 
parish  is  now  united  to  Ladykirk. 

URAFIRTH,  bay  and  public  school  on 
west  side  of  Northmaven  parish,  Shet- 
land. 

URCHANY,  hill  in  Nairn  parish,  Nairn- 
shire. 

URCHAY.    See  Orchy. 

URE,  rivulet,  running  about  7  miles 
northward  to  the  Creran  in  Ardchattan 
parish,  Argyleshire. 

URE,  bay  in  Stornoway  parish,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

URE,  small  lake,  nearly  united  to  foot  of 
Loch  Dochart,  in  Glendochart,  Perthshire. 

URIE,  bay  with  pier  in  Fetlar  Island, 
Shetland. 


URl 


457 


URR 


URIE,  Aberdeenshire.    See  Ury. 

URIGILL,  picturesque  mountain  lake, 
2%  miles  long,  near  south-eastern  extremity 
of  Assynt  parish,  Sutherland. 

URISKIN.    See  Coir-nan-Uriskin. 

URQUHART,  village  and  parish  on  coast 
of  Elginshire.  The  village  stands  4|  miles 
east-by-south  of  Elgin,  and  has  Established 
and  Free  churches,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  136  scholars.  The  post  town 
is  Elgin. — The  parish  forms  nearly  an 
equilateral  triangle  of  5  miles  on  each 
side,  and  comprises  13,069  acres.  Real 
property  in  1880-81,  £8068.  Pop.,  quoad 
civilia,  2139;  quoad  sacra,  1187.  The 
coast  extends  from  the  Lossie  to  the  Spey, 
and  is  all  a  sandy  beach.  Part  of  the 
interior  is  almost  a  dead  level,  little  higher 
than  the  beach  ;  and  the  rest  is  diversified 
only  by  swells  and  gentle  eminences.  The 
seats  are  Innes  and  Leuchars ;  and  the 
chief  antiquities  are  remains  of  a  Cale- 
donian stone  circle  and  the  site  of  a  priory 
of  12th  century.  There  are  2  schools  with 
capacity  for  208  scholars. 

URQUHART,  parish,  chiefly  in  south- 
east of  Ross-shire,  but  comprehending 
also  Ferintosh  distiict  of  Nairnshire.  It 
contains  the  post  office  villages  of  Conan- 
Bridge,  Culbockie,  and  Newton-Ferintosh, 
and  measures  about  9|  miles  in  length  and 
3J  in  breadth.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81, 
£10,644.  Pop.  1087.  The  surface  is 
bounded  on  the  east  by  the  watershed  of 
the  Mullbuy,  and  descends  thence,  in 
pretty  regular  gradient,  to  Conan  river 
and  upper  part  of  Cromarty  Firth.  The 
seats  are  Conanside,  Findon,  and  Ferin- 
tosh. The  churches  are  Established  and 
Free.  There  are  4  schools  for  501  scholars, 
and  3  of  them  and  an  enlargement  for  402 
are  new. 

URQUHART,  parish,  containing  Glen- 
urquhart  and  Drumnadrochit  post  offices, 
on  north-west  side  of  Loch  Ness,  Inver- 
ness-shire. It  measures  about  30  miles  in 
length,  and  mostly  from  8  to  12  miles 
in  breadth.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£11,642.  Pop.  in  1871,  2780.  The  surface 
has  a  shore-line  of  about  15  miles  on  Loch 
Ness  ;  comprises  two  glens,  Urquhart  and 
Moriston,  nearly  parallel  to  each  other,  at 
mean  mutual  distance  of  about  7  miles,  and 
respectively  about  9  and  12  miles  long  ; 
includes,  in  the  north-west,  the  plateau  of 
Corriemony,  elevated  about  800  feet  above 
sea-level ;  and  consists  elsewhere  of  high 
moors  and  mountains,  culminating  between 
lower  part  of  the  glens  in  Mealfourvounie. 
Three  rivulets,  Enneric,  Coiltie,  and  Div- 
ach,  make  remarkable  falls ;  and  two 
smaller  streams  make  remarkable  cataracts. 
Chief  seats  are  Balmacaan,  In ver moriston, 
Polmaily,  Lochletter,  Hazlebrae,  Lakefield, 
and  Corriemony ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
Urquhart  Castle, — which  was  once  a  strong 
fortalice  besieged  by  troops  of  Edward  I. 
of  England,  and  is  now  mainly  a  turreted 
three-storey  keep, — a  small  vitrified  fort, 
numerous  cairns,  several  Caledonian  stone 


circles,  and  sites  or  vestiges  of  several  old 
churches.  The  present  churches  are  3 
Established,  2  Free,  and  1  Episcopalian. 
There  are  6  schools  for  559  scholars,  and  5 
of  them  for  508  are  new. 

URQUHART  (NORTH),  place,  with  sand- 
stone quarry  remarkable  for  fossils,  in 
Dunfermline  parish,  Fife. 

URR,  lake,  river,  and  parish  in  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. The  lake  lies  on  bound- 
ary with  Dumfriesshire,  4  miles  south  of 
Minniehive,  measures  about  3  miles  in 
circuit,  and  contains  an  islet  with  site  of 
ancient  Caledonian  town,  and  remains  of 
a  strong  ancient  baronial  fortalice. — The 
river  issues  from  the  lake,  traces  for  If 
mile  the  boundary  with  Dumfriesshire, 
and  then  runs  about  22  miles  southward 
to  Solway  Firth,  midway  between  Nith 
estuary  and  Kirkcudbright  Bay.  —  The 
parish  adjoins  the  left  side  of  a  long  reach 
of  the  river ;  contains  Dalbeattie  town, 
Haugh  of  Urr  and  Hardgate  villages, 
most  of  Springholm,  and  part  of  Crocket- 
ford  ;  measures  9  miles  by  3J ;  and  com- 
prises 15,426  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £26,137.  Pop.,  quoad  civilia, 
5490 ;  quoad  sacra,  1350.  The  north- 
eastern section  includes  hills  about  600 
feet  high,  but  the  rest  is  all  comparatively 
low,  and  only  about  one-thirteenth  of  the 
whole  is  not  in  tillage.  Chief  seats  are 
Munshes,  Spottes,  Redcastle,  and  Milton ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  several  moats 
and  fortified  camps.  The  Moat  of  Urr,  3 
miles  north  of  Dalbeattie,  is  probably  the 
largest  antiquity  of  its  kind  in  Scotland, 
and  was  formerly  surrounded  by  works 
supposed  to  have  been  constructed  by  the 
Romans.  The  churches,  inclusive  of  those 
in  Dalbeattie,  are  2  Established,  2  United 
Presbyterian,  and  4,  respectively  Free, 
Evangelical  Union,  Episcopalian,  and  Ro- 
man Catholic.  There  are  5  schools  for 
861  scholars,  and  2  of  them  for  570  are 
new. 

URRALL,  farm,  with  remarkable  rock- 
ing-stone,  in  Kirkcowan  parish,  Wigton- 
shire. 

URRARD,  seat,  contiguous  to  battlefield 
of  Killiecrankie,  near  Blair- Athole  village, 
Perthshire. 

URRAY,  hamlet  in  Ross-shire  and  par- 
ish partly  also  in  Inverness-shire.  The 
hamlet  lies  on  peninsula  at  conflux  of  the 
Conan  and  the  Orrin,  5  miles  south-south- 
west of  Dingwall,  and  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Ross-shire,  and  Established 
and  Free  churches. — The  parish  comprises 
a  main  body  7  miles  long  and  6  miles 
broad,  and  a  detached  section  in  Strath- 
conan,  18  miles  distant.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  of  the  Ross-shire  parts,  £15,536 ; 
of  the  Inverness-shire  part,  £793.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  2474;  quoad  sacra,  2427.  The 
main  body  is  low  plain  with  skirting  slopes, 
and  the  detached  section  lies  embosomed 
among  mountains.  A  medicinal  spring  simi- 
lar to  that  of  Strathpeffer  is  on  the  Conan's 
bank.    The  seats  are  Brahan,  Highfield, 


UER 


458 


YEN 


and  Ord ;  and  the  antiquities  are  Fair- 
burn  Tower  and  Kilchrist  burying-ground. 
An  Episcopalian  church  is  at  Highfield. 
There  are  3  schools  for  364  scholars,  and  1 
of  them  and  a  class-room  for  214  are  new. 

URR  (BRIDGE  OF),  hamlet  on  western 
verge  of  Kirkpatrick-Durham  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

URR  (HAUGH  OF),  village  in  Urr  par- 
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Dalbeattie.    Pop.  207. 

URY,  river  of  Aberdeenshire.  It  rises 
4  miles  south-east  of  Huntly,  and  runs 
sinuously  south-eastward  to  the  Don  at 
Inverury.  Its  length  of  course,  in  straight 
line,  is  14  miles ;  along  its  bed,  about  24 
miles. 

URY,  seat,  If  mile  north-west  of  Stone- 
haven, Kincardineshire. 

USAN,  fishing  village  and  seat,  3  miles 
south-south-east  of  Montrose,  Forfarshire. 

USE,  natural  harbour  at  head  of  Took- 
quoy  Bay,  in  Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

USHENISH,  headland,  projecting  from 
Mount  Heckla,  on  east  coast  of  South 
Uist,  Outer  Hebrides.  It  is  crowned  by  a 
lighthouse  with  fixed  red  light  visible  at 
the  distance  of  18  nautical  miles. 

USHINISH,  mountain  in  Park  section  of 
Lochs  parish,  Lewis,  Outer  Hebrides. 

USKEVAGH.    See  Uishgava. 

USSIE.    See  Ousie. 

UXELLUM,  main  chain  of  Southern 
Highlands  from  coast  of  Berwickshire,  as 
known  in  the  Middle  Ages. 

UY.    See  Uie. 

UYEA,  island,  about  1J  mile  long, 
between  Unst  and  Yell,  in  Shetland. 
Pop.  5. 

UYEA  (LITTLE),  islet  off  west  coast  of 
Northmaven,  Shetland. 

UYEASOUND,  channel  and  village  in 
north  of  Shetland.  The  channel  separates 
Uyea  Island  from  Unst,  forms  a  good  natural 
harbour,  and  is  a  rendezvous  of  craft  for 
deep-sea  fishing. — The  village  stands  on 
Unst  side  of  the  channel,  is  modern  and 
neat,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick, 
and  a  public  school. 


VAAKSAY,  or  VACSAY,  island  near 
north-eastern  extremity  of  North  Uist, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

VAGASTIE,  rivulet,  running  7  miles 
north  -  north  -  eastward  to  head  of  Loch 
Naver,  in  centre  of  Sutherland. 

VAILA,  island  and  sound  in  west  of 
Shetland.  The  island  belongs  to  Walls 
parish,  lies  about  5  miles  north-west  of 
Skeldaness,  measures  about  4  miles  in 
circuit,  and  contains  the  mansion  of  the 
chief  landowner  of  Walls.  Pop.  9. — The 
sound  is  a  narrow  belt  between  the  island 
and  the  southern  Mainland  coast  of  Walls, 
and  forms  an  excellent  natural  harbour. 

VAIN,  ruined  castle,  supposed  to  have 
been  built  by  Cardinal  Beaton,  in  Fearn 
parish,  Forfarshire. 


VALL AFIELD,  hill-ridge,  with  summit 
697  feet  high,  on  west  coast  of  Unst  Island, 
Shetland. 

VALLAY,  island,  1\  miles  long,  adjacent 
to  north-west  side  of  North  Uist,  Outer 
Hebrides.    Pop.  29. 

VALLEYFIELD,  extensive  paper-mills 
adjacent  to  Penicuick,  Edinburghshire. 

VALLEYFIELD,  seat  in  Culross  parish, 
Perthshire. 

VALLEYFIELD,  seat  in  Tongland  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

VALLEYFIELD  (LOW),  place  in  Culross 
parish,  Perthshire. 

VALLY,  islet  across  mouth  of  Loch 
Bowadill,  near  south-eastern  extremity  of 
Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

VALTOS,  village  in  Uig  parish,  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  332. 

VANDUARA,  quondam  Roman  station, 
now  covered  by  high  part  of  Paisley,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

VANNICH,  head-stream  of  the  Don  in 
Aberdeenshire. 

VARRICH,  small  promontory  and  ruined 
ancient  fortalice  on  Kyle-of-Tongue,  above 
Tongue  village,  in  Sutherland. 

VASA,  skerry  off  middle  of  west  coast  of 
Shapinshay  Island,  Orkney. 

VAT,  burn,  issuing  from  wild  chasm  in 
Culblean  Mountain,  traversing  a  vertical 
vat-shaped  cave  about  60  feet  deep,  and 
running  to  head  of  Kinnord  Loch,  in  Glen- 
muick  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

VATERNISH,  headland  and  peninsula  in 
north-west  of  Isle  of  Skye.  The  headland 
forms  a  point  6^  miles  north-north-east  of 
Dunvegan  Head ;  and  the  peninsula  ex- 
tends south-eastward  thence  between  Loch 
Snizort  and  Loch  Dunvegan,  measures  14 
miles  in  length  and  mostly  from  2  to  7 
miles  in  breadth,  is  indented  by  several  sea- 
inlets,  and  has  a  post  office  under  Portree. 

VATERSA,  or  WATERSAY,  island  near 
the  southern  extremity  of  Barra,  Outer 
Hebrides.  It  measures  about  3  miles  by 
1\,  but  is  deeply  cut  by  bays,  and  under- 
goes change  from  shifting  sands.  Pop. 
19. 

VATISKIR,  village  in  Stornoway  parish, 
Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  396. 

VAULT,  glen  in  Cumbernauld  parish, 
Dumbartonshire. 

VEAL,  picturesque  lake,  2  miles  long,  on 
east  side  of  Benclybric,  in  centre  of  Suther- 
land. 

VEMENTRY,  island,  about  5J  miles  in 
circuit,  on  south  side  of  St.  Magnus  Bay, 
in  Shetland. 

VENESS,  headland  in  south-east  of  Eday 
Island,  Orkney. 

VENLAW,  seat  on  site  of  ancient  chapel, 
adjacent  to  north  end  of  Peebles. 

VENNACHOIR,  lake,  from  1\  to  1\  miles 
west-south-west  of  Callander,  Perthshire. 
It  measures  from  3  to  10  furlongs  in  width ; 
has  a  sinuous  cincture,  fringed  with  wood  ; 
contains,  near  its  middle,  the  rocky  islet 
of  Ellan-a-vroin ;  and  includes  storage 
embankments  for  Glasgow  waterworks. 


VES 


459 


WAL 


VESTRAFIOLD,  hill  in  Sandwick  parish, 
Orkney. 

VEYATTIE,  lake,  3|  miles  long,  ter- 
minating at  5  miles  east  -  south  -  east  of 
Lochinver,  on  south-west  verge  of  Suther- 
land. 

VIA,  place,  with  cromlech,  in  Sandwick 
parish,  Orkney. 

VICARLAND,  section  of  Cambuslang 
town,  Lanarkshire. 

VICTORIA  (LOWER),  section  or  suburb 
of  Carnoustie,  Forfarshire. 

VIEWFIELD,  seat  in  Nairn  parish, 
Nairnshire. 

VIGEANS  (ST.),  village  and  parish  on 
east  coast  of  Forfarshire.  The  village 
stands  about  a  mile  north  of  Arbroath, 
and  is  ancient  but  small. — The  parish 
contains  also  Auchmithie,  Collistonmill, 
Marywell,  and  Gowanbank  villages,  and 
fully  one-half  of  Arbroath  burgh.  It 
includes  two  detached  districts  J  and  3 
miles  south  of  the  main  body,  measures  8 
miles  by  4|  in  the  main  body,  and  comprises 
altogether  12,731  acres.  Real  property  of 
landward  parts  in  1880-81,  £23,928.  Pop. 
of  the  whole,  quoad  civilia,  14,982 ;  quoad 
sacra,  1821.  The  coast,  from  the  northern 
boundary  to  within  a  mile  of  Arbroath, 
is  a  range  of  rocky,  precipitous,  cavernous 
cliffs  ;  and  the  interior  is  a  valley  enclosed 
by  three  reaches  of  declivity  in  different 
aspects.  Chief  seats  are  Letham,  Abbe- 
thune,  Seaton,  Newton,  Parkhill,  Spring- 
field, Almericlose,  Millbank,  Colliston, 
"Woodlands,  Beechwood,  and  Hospitalfield. 
The  parochial  church  was  erected  about 
1200,  underwent  restoration  at  a  cost  of 
fully  £3000  in  1872,  and  possesses  great 
antiquarian  and  architectural  interest.  A 
chapel-of-ease  is  in  Auchmithie,  and 
numerous  churches  are  in  Arbroath.  Four 
schools  for  427  scholars  are  under  a  joint 
board  for  the  landward  parts  of  St.  Vigeans 
and  Arbroath,  and  1  of  them  for  150 is  new. 

VIKISTILL,  harbour  in  south-east  of 
Coll  Island,  Ayrshire. 

VINAVORE,  small  island  in  southern 
part  of  Loch  Roag,  in  west  part  of  Lewis, 
Outer  Hebrides. 

VINAY,  small  island  in  Bracadale  parish, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

VINCENT  (ST.),  quoad  sacra  parish  in 
Glasgow.    Pop.  8085. 

VINNEY,  rivulet,  running  8  miles  east- 
north-eastward  to  the  Lunan  at  8  miles 
east  of  Forfar. 

VIRKIE,  hamlet  in  south  of  Shetland. 
It  has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick. 

VOE,  place,  19  miles  from  Lerwick,  Shet- 
land.   It  has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick. 

VOETER,  harbour  in  Delting  parish, 
Shetland. 

VOGRIE,  estate,  3  miles  south-east-by- 
south  of  Dalkeith,  Edinburghshire. 

VOIL,  lake,  about  3  miles  long,  in  Bal- 
quhidder  parish,  Perthshire. 

VORD.    See  Saxaforth. 

VOTTERSAY,  small  island  in  Harris 
Sound,  Outer  Hebrides. 


VRAE,  hill  in  north  of  Turriff  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

VRINE,  narrow  lake,  about  2 \  miles 
long,  and  streamlet  going  thence  3  miles 
north-eastward  to  the  Mashak  at  10  miles 
south-south-east  of  Ullapool,  in  west  of 
Ross-shire. 

VROGIE,  streamlet,  descending  from 
Buachail-Etive  Mountain,  and  proceeding 
to  Etive  river,  in  Ardchattan  parish, 
Argyleshire.  It  has  a  precipitous  course, 
and  it  makes  a  cascade  very  remarkable 
both  for  great  depth  and  for  wild  rocky 
environments. 


WACHENWAE,  spring,  emitting  Cadzow 
burn,  in  Glassford  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WADEHAVEN,  harbour  at  Elie,  on  south 
coast  of  Fife. 

WAIROWS,  lakelet  in  Wick  parish, 
Caithness. 

WAITH,  bridge  on  efflux  of  Loch  Sten 
ness,  in  south-west  of  Pomona,  Orkney. 

WALESAY,  farm,  traversed  by  Roman 
road,  in  Avondale  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WALKERBURN,  modern  manufacturing 
town  on  the  Tweed,  2  miles  east  of  Inner- 
leithen, Peeblesshire.  It  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Peeblesshire,  a  rail- 
way station,  an  Established  church  of  1876, 
and  a  public  school  with  about  144  scholars. 
Pop.  1026. 

WALKINGSHAW,  estate,  2f  miles  north 
of  Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

WALLACE  HALL,  large  endowed  clas- 
sical school  in  Closeburn  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

WALLACE-MEMORIALS,  either  objects 
associated  with  Sir  William  Wallace's 
history,  or  structures  erected  to  his 
memory.  Some  of  these  are  the  Barrel 
or  cave  in  Bothwell  parish ;  caves  in 
Lasswade,  Torphichen,  and  Lesmahagow 
parishes ;  chair  at  Bonniton  near  Lanark  ; 
cradle  on  hill,  2  miles  south-by-west  of 
Linlithgow ;  house  at  Elderslie  in  Ren- 
frewshire ;  larder  at  Ardrossan ;  leap  in 
Roseneath  parish  ;  knowe  in  Lochwinnoch 
parish  ;  monument  on  Abbeycraig  near 
Stirling ;  oaks  at  Elderslie  and  at  Tor- 
wood  ;  seats  in  Biggar,  Kilbarchan,  and 
Dumbarton  parishes ;  statues  at  Lanark 
and  adjacent  to  the  Tweed  near  Dryburgh  ; 
stone  in  Polmont  parish ;  towers  in  Ayr 
town,  Roxburgh  parish,  Auchterhouse 
parish,  and  Dumfriesshire  Kirkmichael 
parish  ;  trench  in  Kincardine-in-Monteith 
parish  ;  and  well  in  Biggar  parish. 

WALLACETOWN,  suburb  of  Ayr.  It 
compactly  adjoins  east  side  of  Newton, 
forms  part  of  Ayr  burgh,  is  separated  from 
Ayr-proper  by  only  Ayr  river,  was  nearly 
all  built  subsequent  to  1760,  and  contains 
8  places  of  worship  and  a  very  large  public 
school.    Pop.  5923.    See  Ayr. 

WALLACETOWN,  village  in  south  border 
of  Polmont  parish,  Stirlingshire.  Pop. 
with  Lawyett,  252. 


TVAL 


460 


WAR 


WALLACETOWN,  quoad  sacra  parish, 
with  Established  and  Free  churches,  in 
Dundee.    Pop.  3525. 

WALLHOUSE,  seat  in  Torphichen  parish, 
Linlithgowshire. 

WALLIFORD.    See  Wallyfoed. 

WALLPATH,  alpine  pass  in  Lowther 
Mountains,  on  mutual  border  of  Dumfries- 
shire and  Lanarkshire,  8  miles  north  of 
Thornhill.  It  was  traversed  by  a  Roman 
road,  and  it  contains  vestiges  of  a  Eoman 
camp. 

WALLS,  parish,  containing  Longhope 
post  office  and  harbour,  in  south-west  of 
Orkney.  It  comprehends  the  southern  or 
larger  section  of  Hoy  Island,  and  all  Flotta 
and  Pharay  islands,  and  measures,  within 
Hoy,  1\  miles  by  6J.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £2486.  Pop.  1506.  Chief  fea- 
tures are  noticed  in  our  articles  on  Hoy, 
Longhope,  Flotta,  and  Pharay.  The 
churches  are  2  Established  and  1  Free, 
and  the  latter  was  founded  in  1877.  There 
are  5  schools  for  289  scholars,  and  2  of 
them  for  127  are  new. 

WALLS,  hamlet  and  parish  in  west  of 
Shetland.  The  hamlet  lies  at  head  of  a 
bay  16  miles,  as  the  crow  flies,  west-north- 
west of  Lerwick,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Lerwick. — The  parish  comprehends 
a  portion  of  Mainland,  measuring  about  7^ 
miles  by  5,  and  the  islands  of  Papa-Stour, 
Vaila,  Linga,  and  Foula.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £2083.  Pop.  2262.  _  The 
Mainland  portion  comprises  the  districts 
of  Walls-proper  and  Sandness  ;  lies  be- 
tween St.  Magnus  Bay  on  the  north,  and 
Scalloway  Bay  on  the  south  ;  has  mostly  a 
rocky  coast,  much  indented  by  bays,  and 
rising  in  many  parts  to  a  height  of  100 
feet ;  and  is  much  diversified  by  a  con- 
siderable bisecting  hill-ridge  and  many 
small  eminences.  The  churches  are  4 
Established  and  3  respectively  Free,  Con- 
gregational, and  Methodist ;  and  public 
schools  are  at  Happyhansel  and  Papa. 

WALLSEND,  deep  and  very  productive 
colliery  in  Dunfermline  parish,  Fife. 

WALLSHOTHILL, section  of  Cambuslang, 
Lanarkshire.    Pop.  669. 

WALLYFORD,  collier  village,  \\  mile  east 
of  Musselburgh,  Edinburghshire.  Pop.  280. 

WALSTON,  parish  immediately  north- 
west of  Dolphinton,  and  averagely  5  miles 
north-north-east  of  Biggar,  Lanarkshire. 
Its  post  town  is  Biggar  ;  and  it  contains 
the  small  villages  of  Walston  and  Ells- 
rickle,  measures  3J  miles  by  3,  and  com- 
prises 4361  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£3518.  Pop.  340.  The  surface  ranges 
from  660  to  1600  feet  of  elevation  above 
sea-level,  and  is  variously  vale,  slope,  and 
hill.  The  churches  are  Established  and 
Free,  and  the  public  school  has  about  47 
scholars. 

WALTON,  hamlet,  hill,  and  remains  of 
ancient  camp  in  Cults  parish,  Fife. 

WALTON,  lake-like  reservoir  in  Neilston 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

WALTON,  one  of  three  spots  assigned  as  | 


site  of  eastern  termination  of  Antoninus' 
Wall,  in  Carriden  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

WAMPHERFLAT,  seat  near  Lanark. 

WAMPHRAY,  rivulet,  village,  and  par- 
ish in  Upper  Annandale,  Dumfriesshire. 
The  rivulet  rises  among  mountains  near 
boundary  with  Selkirkshire  ;  runs  9  miles 
southward  and  south-westward  to  the 
Annan  at  6^  miles  south  of  Moffat ;  and 
makes  three  cascades,  called  Pot,  Washing- 
Pan,  and  Dubbs-Cauldron. — The  village 
stands  on  lowmost  reach  of  the  rivulet, 
5  miles  south-by-east  of  Beafctock  ;  is  a 
scattered  but  pleasant  place  ;  includes  the 
site  of  an  ancient  fortalice  of  the  John- 
stones,  celebrated  in  the  ballad  of  the 
'  Lads  of  Wamphray ; '  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Moffat,  Established  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  pub- 
lic school  with  about  76  scholars. — The 
parish  measures  6|  miles  by  3J,  and  com- 
prises 13,133  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £7074.  Pop.  455.  The  Annan 
river  traces  all  the  western  boundary, 
and  Wamphray  rivulet  bisects  the  interior. 
Two  parallel  mountain-reaches  are  in  the 
north-east,  two  hill-ridges  are  in  the 
south-east,  and  hanging  plains  and  valley- 
grounds  occupy  the  rest  of  the  area. 
Chief  seats  are  Girth-head,  Stenrieshill, 
and  Millhouses  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are 
a  reach  of  Roman  road,  vestiges  of  several 
camps, and  site  of  a  Caledonian  stone  circle. 

WANDELL,  ancient  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  burn,  and 
vestiges  of  an  old  seat  of  its  own  name, 
and  is  now  annexed  to  Lamington. 

WANGIE,  wooded  hill  in  Dallas  parish, 
Elginshire. 

WANLOCK,  mountain-stream,  running 
4  J  miles  north-westward  to  confluence 
with  the  Spango  on  north-east  border  of 
Sanquhar  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WANLO  CKHE  AD,  mining  village  at 
head  of  Wanlock  stream,  8j  miles  east- 
north-east  of  Sanquhar,  Dumfriesshire. 
It  adjoins  the  mountain  boundary  with 
Lanarkshire ;  stands  amid  wild,  high 
moorlands  of  the  Southern  Highlands ; 
resembles  Leadhills,  1J  mile  to  the  north 
of  it ;  and  has  a  post  office  under  Abington, 
a  quoad  sacra  parochial  church,  and  a  Free 
church.  Pop.  of  village,  788  ;  of  quoad 
sacra  parish,  854. 

WARD,  fishing  village  in  Cruden  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

WARD,  hill  in  Canisbay  parish,  Caith- 

neWARD,  hill,  1559  feet  high,  in  north  of 
Hoy,  Orkney. 

WARD,  or  BEACON,  hill  in  Bressay 
Island,  Shetland. 

WARDHOUSE,  railway  station  and  seat, 
14f  miles  west-north-west  of  Inverury, 
Aberdeenshire. 

WARDIE,  eastern  suburb  of  Granton, 
2\  miles  north-north-west  of  Edinburgh. 
A  large  Free  church  bearing  its  name,  but 
standing  £  mile  south  of  it,  was  erected  in 
1880-81. 


WAR 


461 


WAU 


WARDLAW,  ancient  parish,  now  part  of 
Kirkhill,  Inverness-shire. 

WARDLAW,  hill  in  Kirkmahoe  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

WARDLAW,  mountain,  1950  feet  high, 
in  Ettrick  parish,  Selkirkshire. 

WARDLAWBANK,  hill,  with  Caledonian 
camp,  in  Colclingham  parish,  Berwickshire. 

WARDMILL,  hill  in  St.  Vigeans  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

WARDYKES,  place,  with  Roman  camp, 
in  position  to  command  the  Caledonian 
fort  of  Caterthun,  in  Menmuir  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

WARKLAW,  hill,  with  remains  of  Ro- 
man station,  in  Currie  parish,  Edinburgh- 
shire. 

WARMANBIE,  seat  near  Annan,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

WARNESS,  headland  in  south-west  of 
Eday  Island,  Orkney. 

WART,  hill,  with  extensive  view,  in 
Shapinshay  Island,  Orkney. 

WART,  hill,  with  extensive  view,  in 
Orphir  parish,  Orkney. 

WARTHILL,  or  WARTLE,  village  in 
Rayne  parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Aberdeen,  and  a  railway  station. 
"VVarthill  House  is  in  the  vicinity. 

WARWICKHILL,  village  and  seat  in 
Dreghorn  parish,  Ayrshire.  The  village 
has  a  public  school  with  about  130 
scholars. 

WASBISTER,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Rousay  parish,  Orkney. 

WASHING- PAN,  cascade  on  Wamphray 
rivulet,  Dumfriesshire. 

WASHINGTON,  village  in  Coupar- Angus 
parish,  Perthshire. 

WATCHMAN'S,  hill,  with  fine  view,  in 
Kirkmahoe  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WATCHMAN'S,    Inverness-shire.  See 

TOMNAHURICH. 

WATERBECK,  village  in  Middlebie  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Ecclefechan,  a  United  Presbyterian 
church,  and  a  public  school. 

WATERESK,  reach  of  South  Esk's 
valley  in  Cortachy  parish,  Forfarshire. 

WATERFOOT,  harbour  at  mouth  of 
Annan  river,  Dumfriesshire. 

WATERFOOT,  place  at  confluence  of 
Main  and  Cross  rivulets  in  New  Luce  par- 
ish, Wigtonshire. 

WATERHAUGHS,  place  in  Galston  par- 
ish, Ayrshire. 

WATERHEAD,  place  at  confluence  of 
two  head-streams  of  river  Nith,  in  New 
Cumnock  parish,  Ayrshire. 

WATERLOO,  -village  in  Auchtergaven 
parish,  Perthshire. 

WATERLOO,  village  in  Cambusnethan 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  855. 

WATERNISH.    See  Vaternish. 

WATER-OF-AYR.    See  Ayr. 

WATER-OF-LEITH.    See  Leith. 

WATERSAY.    See  Vatersay. 

WATERSIDE,  village  in  Fenwick  par- 
ish, Ayrshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Kilmarnock. 


WATERSIDE,  town,  with  railway  sta- 
tion, 11^  miles  south-west  of  Ayr.  It  was 
founded  in  1847  in  connection  with  Dal- 
mellington  ironworks.    Pop.  1473. 

WATERSIDE,  village  in  Kirkintilloch 
parish,  Dumbartonshire.    Pop.  420. 

WATERSIDE,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Edzell  parish,  Forfarshire. 

WATERTON,  hamlet  and  seat  in  New- 
hills  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

WATERTON,  hamlet  in  Echt  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

WATH,  sluggish  stream,  going  south- 
south-westward  to  the  Lochar  at  5  miles 
south-east  of  Dumfries. 

WATLING  STREET,  Roman  road  from 
England  to  east  end  of  Antoninus'  Wall  in 
Scotland.  It  enters  Scotland  near  the 
sources  of  Coquet  river ;  goes  north-west- 
ward to  the  Teviot  near  influx  of  the  Jed  ; 
proceeds  thence  north-north-westward  to 
the  Tweed  in  vicinity  of  Melrose ;  crosses 
the  Tweed  there  and  goes  thence  up 
Lauderdale  to  Soutra  Hill ;  proceeds  north- 
westward to  Firfch  of  Forth  at  Cramond ; 
crosses  the  Almond  there  and  goes  along 
the  coast  to  Carriden.  Considerable 
reaches  of  it  continue  to  be  distinct  in 
vicinity  of  Oxnam,  in  vicinity  of  Bonjed- 
ward,  and  in  upper  part  of  Lauderdale. 
Another  Roman  road,  sometimes  called 
Watling  Street,  went  up  Annandale, 
crossed  into  Crawford,  and  went  down  the 
valley  of  the  Clyde. 

WATLY,  lake  in  Unst  Island,  Shetland. 

WATSTON,  lake  in  Kilmadock  parish, 
Perthshire. 

WATSWICK,  bay  on  south-west  coast  of 
Unst,  Shetland. 

WATTEN,  hamlet  and  parish  in  Caith- 
ness. The  hamlet  lies  8  miles  west-by- 
north  of  "Wick,  and  has  a  post  office 
designated  of  Caithness-shire,  a  railway 
station,  Established  and  Free  churches, 
and  a  public  school. — The  parish  measures 
10  miles  by  8,  and  comprises  30,579 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £7598. 
Pop.  1406.  Part  of  the  surface  is  low, 
some  of  it  less  than  25  feet  above  sea- 
level  ;  part  is  undulating,  but  nowhere 
hilly  ;  part  is  deep  flow  moss  ;  and  part  is 
occupied  by  "Watten  and  Toftingall  lakes, 
respectively  about  8  and  about  5  miles  in 
circuit.  The  seats  are  Strath  and  Toftin- 
gall ;  and  the  chief  antiquities  are  remains 
of  many  Scandinavian  dunes.  There  are 
3  schools  for  284  scholars,  and  2  of  them 
for  182  are  new. 

WATTSTON,  village  in  New  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  324. 

WAUCHOPE,  rivulet,  ruined  castle,  and 
ancient  parish  in  Eskdale,  Dumfriesshire. 
The  rivulet  runs  about  7  miles  south-south- 
eastward and  east-north-eastward  to  the 
Esk  at  Langholm. — The  castle  crowns  a 
precipice  adjacent  to  the  rivulet,  and  was 
once  a  structure  of  great  strength. — The 
parish  is  now  annexed  to  Langholm. 

WAUCHOPE,  burn  and  vestiges  of  ancient 
camp  in  Hobkirk  parish,  Roxburghshire. 


WAU 


462 


WEM 


WAUGH,  summit  of  long  hill-ridge  in 
Keir  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WAUKMILL,  village  in  Glammis  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

WAWS,  small  lake  in  Lochwinnoch 
parish,  Renfrewshire. 

WAYGATESHAW,  seat  in  Carluke  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

WEATHERHOLM,  pastoral  islet  near 
Unst,  Shetland. 

WEATHERLAW,  hill  on  north  border  of 
Linton  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

WEATHERNESS,  headland  in  south-east 
of  Westray  Island,  Orkney. 

WEAVERS,  conspicuous  fragment  of 
ancient  castle  on  small  island  in  southern 
extremity  of  South  Uist  parish,  Outer 
Hebrides. 

WEDALE,  lower  part  or  whole  of  Gala 
river  vale  in  Edinburghshire.  The  name 
signifies  '  vale  of  woe,'  and  has  long  ceased 
to  be  used. 

WEDDERBURN,  seat  near  Dunse,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

WEDDERBURN,  vestige  of  ancient 
castle  in  Murroes  parish,  Forfarshire. 

WEDDERLIE,  decayed  mansion  and 
quondam  village  in  Westruther  parish, 
Berwickshire. 

WEEM,  village  and  parish  in  north- 
west of  Perthshire.  The  village  stands  on 
the  Tay,  about  a  mile  north-west  of 
Aberfeldy,  and  has  a  hotel,  a  parochial 
church  of  1835,  an  ancient  church  with 
curious  monument,  and  a  public  school 
with  about  61  scholars. — The  parish  con- 
tains also  six  other  small  villages,  com- 
prehends eleven  sections,  all  detached 
from  one  another,  lies  dispersed  over 
nearly  one-fourth  of  the  county,  and 
comprises  41,887  acres.  Eeal  property  in 
1880-81,  £6201.  Pop.  quoad  civilia,  474. 
"Weem-proper  is  much  the  more  populous 
section,  extends  about  If  mile  along  north 
bank  of  the  Tay,  and  forms  a  richly  em- 
bellished portion  of  the  Tay's  strath.  The 
other  ten  sections  share  almost  every 
feature  of  the  county,  but  have  aggregately 
a  predominance  of  mountain  and  waste ; 
and  only  three  of  them  are  included  in 
the  parish  quoad  sacra.  Chief  seats  are 
Castle  Menzies  and  Auchmore. 

WEEMS,  quondam  old  castle  in  Rescobie 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

WEEMS,  Fife.    See  Wemyss. 

WEEMS-HOLE,  large  artificial  ancient 
cave  on  Mearns  Hill,  in  Kirriemuir 
parish,  Forfarshire. 

WEESDALE,  bay,  hamlet,  and  ancient 
parish  in  Shetland.  The  bay  opens  near 
northern  extremity  of  Scalloway  Bay,  and 
strikes  4J  miles  to  the  north-north-east. — 
The  hamlet  lies  at  the  bay's  head,  12  miles 
north-west  of  Lerwick,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Lerwick,  and  a  Free  church. 
The  parish  is  now  united  to  Tingwall. 

WEIR,  sound  and  island  immediately 
south  of  Rousay,  in  Orkney.  The  sound 
is  from  §  mile  to  2  miles  wide ;  and  the 
island  flanks  its  south  side,  measures  2^ 


miles  in  length,  and  fully  1  in  breadth,  is 
low  and  fertile,  and  has  ruins  of  a  church 
and  vestiges  of  a  fort. 

WEIR,  rising-ground,  crowned  by  paro- 
chial church,  in  west  of  Melrose  parish, 
Roxburghshire. 

WEIR  (BRIDGE  OF).  See  Bridge-of- 
Weir. 

WELLBANK,  estate  in  Monifieth  parish, 
Forfarshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Dundee,  and  a  very  old  extensive  pave- 
ment-flag quarry. 

WELLBURN,  suburb  of  Lochee,  Forfar- 
shire. 

WELLFIELD,  seat  near  Strathmiglo,  in 
Fife. 

WELLMEADOW,  place,  with  printfield 
and  bleachfield,  in  Mearns  parish,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

WELL  PARK,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
Established  and  Free  churches,  in  north- 
east of  Glasgow.    Pop.  6362. 

WELL  PARK,  quoad  sacra  parish,  with 
church  of  1877,  in  east  of  Greenock,  Ren- 
frewshire. 

WELLS,  estate  in  Bedrule  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

WELLSBURNSPOUT,  cascade  of  about  56 
feet  in  Eskdalemuir  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WELLSHOT,  seat  and  extensive  early- 
worked  colliery  in  Cambuslang  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

WELLSHOT,  copious  pure  spring  in 
Kilsyth  parish,  Stirlingshire. 

WELL-TREE'S  SPOUT,  spring,  emitting 
a  powerful  stream,  in  Maybole  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

WELLWOOD,  village  and  colliery  in 
Dunfermline  parish,  Fife.    Pop.  617. 

WELLWOOD-ROW,  village  in  Muirkirk 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

WEMYSS,  parish,  containing  West 
Wemyss  and  Buckhaven  towns,  and  East 
Wemyss,  Methil,  Methilhill,  Kirkland, 
and  Coaltown  villages,  on  south  coast  of 
Fife.  Its  length  is  5  miles  ;  its  greatest 
breadth  2  miles ;  its  area  4732  acres. 
Real  property  in  1880-81,  £25,777.  Pop., 
quoad  civilia,  7307 ;  quoad  sacra,  380S. 
The  coast  is  all  very  rocky  and  partly 
cavernous.  The  interior  rises  with  gentle 
slope  to  the  north  and  the  west,  and 
presents  a  pleasant  appearance.  The  rocks 
are  carboniferous,  and  include  twelve 
workable  seams  of  coal.  The  land  was 
part  of  the  estate  of  Macduff,  belongs 
now  to  his  remote  descendant,  R.  G.  E. 
Wemyss,  Esq.,  and  gives  the  title  of 
baron  and  earl  to  the  family  of  Douglas. 
Wemyss  Castle,  the  chief  seat  of  the 
proprietor,  stands  on  a  sea-cliff  2^  miles 
north-east  of  Dysart,  and  is  a  splendid 
edifice,  partly  ancient,  partly  modern. 
Chief  antiquities  are  ruins  of  an  old  castle, 
commonly  called  Macduff's,  and  remains 
of  two  Romish  chapels.  The  churches  are 
3  Established,  2  Free,  and  1  United  Pres- 
byterian. There  are  9  schools  for  1404 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  an  enlargement 
for  374  are  new. 


WEM 


463 


WES 


WEMYSS-BAY,  recently-erected  coast 
town  on  Firth  of  Clyde,  at  terminus  of 
branch  railway,  8  miles  south-west  of 
Greenock,  Renfrewshire.  It  takes  its 
name  from  a  slightly  encurved  bay  ;  stands 
on  a  belt  of  old  raised  sea-beach,  in  front 
of  fissured  sandstone  cliffs ;  ranks  as  a 
select  watering-place  ;  consists  chiefly  of 
ornate  villas ;  includes  the  mansion  of 
Castle- Wemyss ;  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, designated  of  Renfrewshire,  a 
railway  station,  a  banking  office,  a  hotel, 
a  spacious  steamboat  pier,  and  a  United 
Presbyterian  church. 

WEMYSS  (EAST),  village  on  the  coast, 
1J  mile  east  of  West  Wemyss,  Fife.  It  con- 
tains Wemyss  parochial  church.    Pop.  895. 

WEMYSS  HALL,  seat,  l±  mile  south  of 
Cupar,  Fife. 

WEMYSS-SQUARE,  village  on  west 
border  of  Aberdour  parish,  Fife. 

WEMYSS  (WEST),  town  on  the  coast,  2 
miles  north-east  of  Dysart,  Fife.  It  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Dysart,  a  harbour  with 
recently-extended  wet  dock,  a  quoad  sacra 
parochial  church,  and  a  Free  church.  Pop. 
of  town,  1178  ;  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  1600. 

WEST  ARTHURLEE,  etc.  See  Arthur- 
lee,  etc. 

WESTBANK,  estate  in  Gladsmuir  parish, 
Haddin  gtonshire. 

WEST  BARNS,  etc.    See  Barns,  etc. 

WESTBURN,  village  in  Cambuslang 
parish,  Lanarkshire.    Pop.  372. 

WEST  COATES.    See  Coates  (West). 

WESTER,  rivulet  and  lake  in  north-east 
of  Caithness.  The  rivulet  runs  about  10 
miles  eastward  and  south-south-eastward 
to  Keiss  Bay  at  4f  miles  north  of  Wick  ; 
and  the  lake  is  an  expansion,  about  \\ 
mile  long,  of  the  rivulet's  lowmost  reach. 

WESTER,  head -stream  of  Water-of- 
Leith,  Edinburghshire. 

WESTER  ANSTRUTHER,  etc.  See 
Anstruther,  etc. 

WESTERDALE,  seat  and  Free  church 
in  Halkirk  parish,  Caithness. 

WESTERGATE,  suburb  of  North  Ber- 
wick, Haddingtonshire. 

WESTERHALL,  seat  of  Sir  Frederick 
J.  W.  Johnstone,  Bart.,  in  Westerkirk 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WESTERHOULL,  village  near  Scalloway, 
in  Tingwall  parish,  Shetland. 

WESTERKIRK,  parish,  with  church 
miles  north-west  of  Langholm,  Dum- 
friesshire. Its  length  is  9  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  6i  miles  ;  its  area  26,992 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £8187. 
Pop.  478.  The  Esk,  running  sinu- 
ously eastward,  bisects  the  southern  dis- 
trict. The  land,  along  the  Esk's  course, 
is  a  narrow  fertile  vale ;  and  nearly  all 
the  rest  of  the  surface  is  either  hill  or 
mountain.  Chief  residences  are  Wester- 
hall,  Burnfoot,  and  Hopesrigg  ;  and  chief 
antiquities  are  remains  of  Caledonian 
Btone  circle,  vestiges  of  many  Roman 


camps,  and  remains  of  two  Border  peels. 
There  are  2  schools  with  jointly  accommo- 
dation for  132  scholars. 

WESTERN  ISLANDS.    See  Hebrides. 

WESTERSIDE,  moorland  farm,  with 
numerous  small  cairns,  in  Rathven  parish, 
Banffshire. 

WESTERTON,  seat  near  Bridge-of- Allan. 

WESTERTON,  seat  near  Elgin. 

WESTERWOOD,  place,  with  vestige  of 
fort  on  Antoninus'  Wall,  in  Cumbernauld 
parish,  Dumbartonshire. 

WESTFIELD,  village  in  Clackmannan 
parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

WESTFIELD,  hamlet  in  Cathcart  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

WESTFIELD,  village  in  Rattray  parish, 
Perthshire.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Blairgowrie. 

WESTFIELD,  railway  station  between 
Bathgate  and  Blackston  Junction,  Linlith- 
gowshire. 

WESTFIELD,  seat  in  Cupar  parish,  Fife. 

WESTFIELD,  estate  in  New  Spynie 
parish,  Elginshire. 

WESTHALL,  village  and  estate  adjacent 
to  Oyne  railway  station,  Aberdeen. 

WESTHALL,  site  of  ancient  fortalice  in 
Dunsyre  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WESTHAVEN,  fishing  suburb  of  Car- 
noustie, Forfarshire. 

WESTHEAD,  headland  in  western 
vicinity  of  Portsoy,  Banffshire. 

WESTHILL,  place,  with  public  school,  in 
Skene  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

WESTHILL,  site  of  Border  peel  in 
Gretna  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WESTMAINS,  site  of  Roman  tumulus 
in  Stonehouse  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WESTMILL,  suburb  of  Lasswade, 
Edinburghshire. 

WESTMOIN,  section  of  Durness  parish, 
Sutherland. 

WESTMUIR,  village  in  Kirriemuir  par- 
ish, Forfarshire. 

WESTMUIR,  colliery  in  Cambuslang  par- 
ish, Lanarkshire. 

WESTNESS,  headland  and  seat  in  Bou- 
say  Island,  Orkney. 

WESTON,  village,  with  ruined  ancient 
church,  in  Errol  parish,  Perthshire. 

WESTON,  decayed  village  in  Dunsyre 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WESTPANS,  village,  1£  mile  east-north- 
east of  Musselburgh,  Edinburghshire.  Pop. 
244. 

WEST  PARK,  public  park  and  quoad 
sacra  parish  in  west  of  Glasgow.  See  Park 
and  Glasgow. 

WEST  PORT,  old  western  suburb  of  Old 
Town  of  Edinburgh. 

WESTPORT,  section  of  Arbroath  town, 
Forfarshire. 

WESTQUARTER ,  village,  2J  miles  north- 
east of  Strathaven,  Lanarkshire.   Pop.  389. 

WESTQUARTER, rivulet,  running  about  7 
miles  north-eastward  and  northward  to  the 
Carron,  near  Grangemouth,  Stirlingshire. 

WESTRAW,  a  seat  of  Sir  Windham  C.  J.  0. 
Anstruther,  Bart.,  formerly  chief  residence 


WES 


4G4 


WHI 


of  last  Earl  of  Hyndfoid,  near  the  Clyde, 
opposite  Carstairs  Junction,  Lanarkshire. 

WESTRAY,  firth,  island,  and  parish  in 
north-west  of  Orkney.  The  firth  is  a 
sound  11  miles  long  and  from  3^  to  7  miles 
wide,  and  separates  Westray  and  Eday 
on  the  north-east  from  Rousay  and  Egil- 
shay  on  the  south-west.  —  The  island 
extends  9^  miles  from  north-west  to  south- 
east ;  consists  of  a  central  part  measuring 
4  miles  by  3f .  a  narrow  peninsula  thence 
northward,  and  a  long  narrow  peninsula 
south-eastward ;  lies,  at  its  nearest  part, 
10^  miles  north-north-east  of  northern 
extremity  of  Pomona ;  has  mostly  rocky 
coasts,  partly  precipitous  and  cavernous  ; 
is  chiefly  level  in  the  south-east,  but  rises 
into  considerably  high  hills  in  the  north- 
west ;  and  contains  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  under  Kirkwall, 
Pierowall  village,  Cleat  House,  Nothland 
ruined  castle,  and  a  number  of  standing- 
stones  and  Picts'  houses.  Pop.  2195. — 
The  parish  comprehends  also  Papa- West- 
ray  Island  and  some  pastoral  isles.  Eeal 
property  in  1880-81,  £4921.  Pop.  2545. 
The  churches  are  Established,  United 
Presbyterian,  and  Baptist  in  Westray,  and 
Free  in  Papa- Westray.  Four  schools,  all 
new,  for  420  scholars  are  in  the  parish. 

WESTRUTHER,  village  and  parish  in 
west  of  Berwickshire.  The  village  stands 
7  miles  east-by-north  of  Lauder;  made 
some  figure  in  the  times  of  the  Border 
feuds ;  and  now  has  a  post  office  under 
Gordon,  Established  and  Free  churches,  and 
a  public  school  with  about  115  scholars. — 
The  parish  contains  also  Hounslow  village, 
measures  7  miles  by  5J,  and  comprises 
14,630  acres.  Eeal  property  in  1880-81, 
£9891.  _  Pop.  671.  The  south-western 
section  is  valley  ;  the  south-eastern  one  is 
low  hill-range,  with  sloping  sides  ;  and  the 
northern  one  is  part  of  the  Lammermoors, 
with  summits  from  1246  to  1466  feet  high. 
The  seats  are  Bassendean,  Spottiswoode, 
and  Wedderlie  ;  and  the  antiquities  are  two 
huge  cairns,  vestiges  of  a  Eoman  camp,  a 
peel-tower,  a  ruined  ancient  church,  and 
sites  of  several  other  peel  towers  and  two 
churches.  There  are  3  schools  for  205 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  for  75  is  new. 

WESTSHIEL,  mineral  field  in  Carnwath 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WESTSIDE,  seat  in  Rousay  Island, 
Orkney. 

WEST-THIRD,  section  of  Smailholm 
village,  Eoxburghshire. 

WEST  THORN,  seat  and  Roman  Catho- 
lic reformatory,  near  Parkhead,  in  eastern 
vicinity  of  Glasgow. 

WEST  WATER,  rivulet,  running  about 
16  miles  south-eastward  to  the  North  Esk 
at  4  miles  north-by-east  of  Brechin,  For- 
farshire. 

WEST  WATER,  affluent  of  the  Medwin 
in  Dunsyre  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WEYDALE,  hamlet,  3  miles  south-by- 
east  of  Thurso,  Caithness.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Thurso,  and  a  public  school. 


WHALEFIRTH,  sea-inlet  in  north-west 
of  Yell  Island,  Shetland.  It  is  about  2 
miles  wide  at  the  entrance,  and  it  goes 
nearly  4  miles  east-south-eastward. 

WHALSAY,  island,  16  miles  north-north- 
east of  Lerwick,  in  Shetland.  It  measures 
about  5  miles  by  2,  consists  of  uneven  but 
tolerably  fertile  land,  exhibits  a  well-cul- 
tivated appearance,  and  has  a  post  office 
under  Lerwick,  a  proprietorial  mansion 
built  at  a  cost  of  £20,000,  and  a  quoad 
sacra  parochial  church.  Pop.  of  island, 
870  ;  of  quoad  sacra  parish,  1018. 

WHANGIE,  chasm,  346  feet  long  and 
from  2J-  to  10j  feet  wide,  on  trap-rock 
hill,  6  miles  south-south-east  of  Drymen, 
Stirlingshire. 

WHAPLAW,  rivulet,  running  about  6 
miles  southward  to  the  Leader  at  2^ 
miles  north  of  Lauder,  Berwickshire. 

WHARE,  burn,  running  south-south- 
eastward to  the  Whitadder  near  Abbey 
St.  Bathans,  Berwickshire. 

WHAUK,  affluent  of  the  Lunan  in  Kin- 
nell  parish,  Forfarshire. 

WHAUPHILL,  place,  3f  miles  south  of 
Wigton.  It  has  a  post  office  designated  of 
Wigtonshire,  and  a  railway  station. 

WHIFFLET,  section  of  Rosehall  town, 
about  a  mile  south  of  Coatbridge,  Lan- 
arkshire. It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  department,  under  Coat- 
bridge, a  railway  station,  extensive  coal 
depots,  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church.  A 
branch  junction  railway,  4  miles  long,  from 
Whifflet  to  a  point  about  400  yards  north 
of  Bothwell  station,  was  opened  in  1879. 

WHIGHOLE,  artificial  trench,  a  hiding- 
place  of  the  persecuted  Covenanters,  on 
hill  in  Dairy  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

WHIM,  seat  on  north  border  of  Newlands 
parish,  Peeblesshire. 

WHINES,  hamlet  in  Ruthven  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

WHINION,  lake  in  Twynholm  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

WHINNY,  hill  in  Carnock  parish,  Fife. 

WHINNYFOLD,  village  in  Cruden  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

WHINNYLEGGATE,  place  in  Kirkcud- 
bright parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire.  It  has 
a  post  office,  with  money  order  depart- 
ment, under  Kirkcudbright,  and  a  public 
school. 

WHINNYRIG,  little  hiU  in  St.  Mungo 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WHINS-OF-MILTON,  village,  \  mile  west 
of  Bannockburn,  Stirlingshire.    Pop.  392. 

WHISGILLS,  farm,  with  vast  cairn, 
mostly  of  very  large  stones,  in  Castleton 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

WHISTLEBERRY,  remains  of  old  castle 
in  Kinneff  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

WHISTLEFIELD,  spot  at  crown  of  ridge 
between  Garelochhead  and  Loch  Long,  in 
Dumbartonshire.  It  commands  a  very 
striking  view. 

WHITADDER,  river,  running  about  35 
miles  curvingly  south-eastward  to  the 
Tweed  at  2^  miles  west-south-west  of 


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465 


WHI 


Berwick.  Nearly  half  of  its  course  is 
among  the  Lammermoors ;  nearly  another 
half  is  in  the  Merse  ;  and  the  last  2  miles 
are  within  England.  Its  aggregate  descent 
is  about  1000  feet,  but  is  effected  in  runs 
without  leaps  or  rapids. 

WHITBERRY,  small  promontory  at 
west  side  of  the  Tyne's  estuary,  miles 
north-west  of  Dunbar,  Haddington- 
shire. 

WHITBURGH,  seat  in  Humbie  parish, 
Haddingtonshire. 

WHITBURN,  town  and  parish  in  south- 
west of  Linlithgowshire.  The  town  stands 
3^  miles  south-west  of  Bathgate,  is  well- 
built,  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Linlithgowshire,  a  railway  station, 
a  banking  office,  Established,  Free,  and 
United  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  public 
school.  Pop.  1200. — The  parish  contains 
also  Crofthead  town,  Fauldhouse  and 
Longridge  villages,  and  part  of  Black- 
burn. Its  length  is  6£  miles ;  its  greatest 
breadth  fully  4  miles;  its  area  9775 
acres.  Heal  property  in  1880-81,  £27,918. 
Pop.,  quoad  civilia,  6326;  quoad  sacra, 
2393.  The  surface  is  comparatively  low 
and  level,  but  includes  a  considerable 
extent  of  moor  and  moss.  The  rocks  are 
carboniferous,  abound  in  coal  and  iron- 
stone, and  are  very  extensively  worked. 
Chief  seats  are  Polkemmet,  Berryhill, 
Mosshall,  Culthouse,  Fauldhouse,  Croft- 
head, Craighead,  and  Burnhead.  Estab- 
lished and  Boman  Catholic  churches  are 
at  Fauldhouse,  and  a  Free  church  is  at 
Crofthead. 

WHITEBRIDGE,  place,  with  post  office 
under  Inverness. 

WHITECAIRNS,  place,  with  post  office 
under  Aberdeen. 

WHITECAMP,  farm,  with  remains  of 
Boman  camp,  in  Crawford  parish,  Lanark- 
shire. 

WHITE  CART,    See  Caet. 

WHITECASTLE,  ruined  ancient  fort  at 
hill-pass  in  Garvald  parish,  Haddington- 
shire. 

WHITECASTLE,  knoll,  with  remains  of 
ancient  military  station,  in  Applegarth 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WHITECASTLE,  hill  in  Carmichael 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WHITECASTLE,  vestige  of  ancient  fort 
on  Muck  Island,  Inner  Hebrides. 

WHITE  CAVE,  curious  stalactitic  cave 
on  coast  of  Slains  parisb,  Aberdeenshire. 

WHITECLEUGH,  lands,  with  limework, 
in  Crawfordjohn  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WHITECOOM,  mountain  summit,  2^  miles 
north-east  of  Hartfell  summit,  and  7  miles 
north-east  of  Moffat,  Dumfriesshire.  It 
has  an  altitude  of  2695  feet,  and  com- 
mands a  very  extensive  view. 

WHITE  COVE,  lofty,  extensive,  echoing 
cavern  on  coast  of  Berrick  parish,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. 

WHITE  ESK.  SeeESK. 

WHITEFACE,  place  in  Criech  parish, 


Sutherland.  It  has  a  post  office  desig- 
nated of  Sutherlandshire. 

WHITEFARLAND,  place,  6£  miles  south 
of  Catacol,  on  west  coast  of  Arran  Island, 
Buteshire. 

WHITEFAUGH,  hamlet  in  Carrington 
parish,  Edinburghshire. 

WHITEFLAT,  rich  mineral  field  adjacent 
to  "VVhifflet,  Lanarkshire. 

WHITEFORD,  estate  in  Abbey-Paisley 
parish,  Benfrewshire. 

WHITEHALL,  village  in  north-west  of 
Stronsay  Island,  Orkney. 

WHITEHALL,  town  section  around  site 
of  ancient  royal  palace  in  Dundee. 

WHITEHALL,  fine  cascade  on  Duncow 
burn  in  Kirkmahoe  parish,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

WHITEHAUGH,  seat  on  the  Don  in 
Tullynessle  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

WHITEHAUGH,  burn  in  Muirkirk  parish, 
Ayrshire. 

WHITEHILL,  village  adjacent  to  col- 
liery, 2  miles  east-by-south  of  Dalkeith, 
Edinburghshire.    Pop.  236. 

WHITEHILL,  seat  and  lunatic  asylum,  4| 
miles  south-south-west  of  Dalkeith,  Edin- 
burghshire. The  asylum  was  projected 
in  1871,  and  is  a  district  one  for  Mid- 
Lothian  and  Peebles. 

WHITEHILL,  village  in  St.  Cyrus 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

WHITEHILL,  village  in  New  Deer 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  United 
Presbyterian  church  and  a  large  public 
school. 

WHITEHILL,  place,  with  remains  of 
Boman  camp,  and  ruins  of  ancient  fort,  in 
Lamington  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WHITEHILL,  place  on  north  border  of 
St.  Mungo  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WHITEHILLS,  fishing  village,  2£  miles 
west-north- west  of  Banff.  It  has  a  post 
office  under  Banff  and  a  large  public 
school.    Pop.  920. 

WHITEHILLS,  quondam  castle  on 
Lunan  rivulet,  in  Kinnell  parish,  Forfar- 
shire. 

WHITEHOLM,  farm,  with  remains  of 
Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Tundergarth 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WHITEHOPE,  mountain,  2038  feet  high, 
6  miles  north-east  of  Peebles. 

WHITEHOPE,  affluent  of  the  Hermitage 
in  Castleton  parish,  Boxburghshire. 

WHITEHOUSE,  place,  3  miles  east-by- 
south  of  Alford,  Aber-deenshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Aberdeen  and  a  railway 
station. 

WHITEHOUSE,  place  on  east  side  of 
Arran  Island,  Buteshire. 

WHITEHOUSE,  place  on  south-east  side 
of  "West  Loch  Tarbert,  Argyleshire.  It 
has  a  post  office  under  Greenock,  an  inn, 
and  a  public  school. 

WHITEINCH,  suburban  town  on  the 
Clyde,  3  miles  west  of  Boyal  Exchange, 
Glasgow.  It  is  all  quite  recent,  communi- 
cates by  tramway  with  Glasgow,  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
2g 


466 


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departments,  under  Glasgow,  a  quoad  sacra 
parochial  church,  Free  and  United  Presby- 
terian churches,  and  a  public  school.  Pop. 
of  quoad  sacra  parish,  4468. 

WHITEKIRK,  hamlet  and  parish  on 
north  coast  of  Haddingtonshire.  The 
hamlet  lies  8|  miles  north-north-east  of 
Haddington,  and  has  a  parochial  church 
and  a  public  school. — The  parish  contains 
also  Tynninghame  post  office  village,  mea- 
sures 5£  miles  by  4|,  and  comprises  6195 
acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81,  £12,456. 
Pop.  1051.  The  Tyne  crosses  the  north- 
eastern section,  and  its  estuary  forms 
thence  the  eastern  boundary.  The  coast 
extends  thence  about  4  miles  north-north- 
westward from  Whitberry  Head  to  Tan- 
tallon  Castle,  and  is  partly  sandy,  partly 
a  range  of  rugged  cliffs.  The  interior  is 
low,  and  mostly  level  or  sloping,  but  rises 
slowly  to  two  small  bordering  hills.  The 
mansions  are  Tynninghame  House,  New- 
byth,  and  Seacliff ;  the  first  the  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Haddington,  the  second  the  seat 
of  Sir  David  Baird,  Bart.  There  are  3 
public  schools  with  aggregately  about  235 

WHITEKNOW,  seat  in  Hutton  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

WHITELAW,  one  of  the  Cheviot  Hills 
in  Morebattle  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

WHITELETS,  village,  1%  mile  north- 
east of  Ayr.  It  has  a  post  office  under 
Ayr,  and  a  public  school  with  about  110 
scholars.    Pop.  588. 

WHITE  LOCH,  lake  in  Blairgowrie  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

WHITE  LOCH,  lake  in  Carnwath  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

WHITE  LOCH,  lake  in  Mearns  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

WHITE  LOCH,  lake  in  Mochrum  parish, 
Wigtonshire. 

WHITEMILL,  headland  in  north  of  San- 
day  Island,  Orkney. 

WHITEMIRE,  village  in  Dyke  parish, 
Elginshire. 

WHITEMOSS,  lake  in  Dunning  parish, 
Perthshire. 

WHITEMOSS,  residence  in  eastern 
vicinity  of  East  Kilbride,  Lanarkshire. 

WHITENESS,  hamlet  and  ancient 
parish  in  Shetland.  The  hamlet  lies  7 
miles  north-north-west  of  Lerwick,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Lerwick,  and  an 
Established  church.  The  parish  is  now 
united  to  Tingwall. 

WHITENHEAD,  promontorial  headland, 
1345  feet  high,  with  large  remarkable 
caverns  on  much  of  its  sea  front,  at  east 
side  of  mouth  of  Loch  Eriboll,  in  north  of 
Sutherland. 

WHITERASHES,  hamlet  in  Udny  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.  It  has  an  Episcopalian 
church,  and  a  public  school  with  about  69 
scholars. 

WHITERASHES,  hamlet  in  New  Machar 
parish,  Aberdeenshire.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Aberdeen,  and  a  public  school  with 
about  78  scholars. 


WHITERIGG,  place,  2\  miles  east  north- 
east of  Airdrie,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a 
post  office  under  Airdrie,  and  a  railway 
station. 

WHITERIGG,  estate  in  Ayton  parish, 

Berwickshire. 

WHITERIGGS,  seat,  4  miles  north-east 
of  Laurencekirk,  Kincardineshire. 

WHITESHAW,  estate  in  Carluke  parish, 
Lanarkshire. 

WHITESIDE,  hill,  with  vestiges  of  ancient 
camp,  in  Newlands  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

WHITESIDE,  farm,  with  remains  of 
ancient  Caledonian  stone  circle,  in  Tully- 
nessle  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

WHITESTRIPES,  place,  with  public 
school,  in  Old  Machar  parish,  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

WHITEVALE,  north-eastern  suburb  of 
Glasgow. 

WHITE  WATER,  head-stream  of  the 
South  Esk,  in  Forfarshire. 

WHITEWELL,  seat  in  Tannadice  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

WHITE  WOOLLEN,  lofty  verdant  hill, 
with  extensive  view,  adjacent  to  Lockerby, 
Dumfriesshire. 

WHITFIELD,  place,  with  limeworks,  in 
Linton  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

WHITHORN,  town  and  parish  in  Machers 
district,  "Wigtonshire.  The  town  stands 
11  miles  by  road,  but  12|  by  railway,  south 
of  Wigton ;  took  its  name  of  Whithorn 
or  Whithern,  formerly  Candida-Casa  or 
Leucophibia,  from  the  first '  white  church,' 
or  church  of  stone  and  lime,  ever  built  in 
Scotland ;  was  the  capital  of  the  Caledonian 
Novantes,  the  birth-place  of  St.  Ninian, 
the  seat  of  an  early  Culdee  establishment, 
the  place  of  a  famous  priory  of  12th  cen- 
tury, the  pristine  seat  of  the  bishopric  of 
Galloway,  and  a  crowded  resort  of  pilgrims 
throughout  the  Romish  times  ;  retains  a 
beautiful  fragment  of  its  priory,  with 
Saxon  arches  ;  is  a  royal  burgh,  uniting 
with  Wigton,  Stranraer,  and  New  Gallo- 
way in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ; 
comprises  a  main  street  about  §  mile  long, 
with  expansion  in  the  middle  ;  and  has  a 
post  office,  with  money  order  and  tele- 
graph departments,  designated  of  Wigton- 
shire, a  terminal  railway  station,  2  bank- 
ing offices,  a  hotel,  a  steepled  town-hall, 
Established,  Free,  United  Presbyterian, 
and  Reformed.  Presbyterian  churches,  and 
a  public  school.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£3374.  Pop.  1653.— The  parish  contains 
also  Isle  of  Whithorn  village,  measures  8 
miles  by  4,  and  comprises  11,891  acres. 
Real  property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£15,478.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  2929.  The 
coast  has  an  extent  of  6f  miles,  is  mostly 
rugged  and  partly  cliff,  and  includes  all 
Burrow  Head  promontory.  The  interior 
exhibits  profusion  and  diversity  of  knolls, 
yet  is  almost  level  and  mainly  arable. 
Chief  residences  are  Castlerigg  and  Ton- 
derghie  ;  and  chief  antiquities  are  remains 
of  a  Roman  camp  and  several  forts.  A 
Free  church  is  at  Isle  of  Whithorn. 


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467 


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WHITHORN  (ISLE  OF).  See  Isle  of 
Whithorn. 

WHITING-BAY,  bay  and  village  aver- 
agely  4  miles  south-south-east  of  Lamlash, 
in  Arran  Island,  Buteshire.  The  bay  has 
the,  form  of  a  crescent  on  a  chord  of  3 
miles ;  and  the  village  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  department,  designated 
of  Arran,  and  Established  and  Free 
churches. 

WHITINGNESS,  headland  about  a  mile 
north-east  of  Arbroath,  Forfarshire. 

WHITLETTS.    See  Whitelets. 

WHITSLAID,  estate  and  ancient  tower 
in  Legerwood  parish,  Berwickshire. 

WHITSOME,  village  and  parish  in  Merse 
district,  Berwickshire.  The  village  stands 
6^  miles  east-south-east  of  Dunse,  made 
some  figure  in  the  Border  wars,  and 
has  a  post  office  under  Chirnside,  a 
parochial  church,  and  a  public  school  with 
capacity  for  176  scholars. — The  parish 
measures  4£  miles  by  2|,  and  comprises 
4896  acres.  Real  property  in  1880-81, 
£9863.  Pop.  560.  The  surface  is  partly 
undulated,  mostly  flat,  and  all  richly  cul- 
tivated. The  only  seat  is  Laws  ;  and  the 
chief  antiquity  is  the  vestige  of  a  Roman 
camp. 

WHITTINGHAM,  village  and  parish  in 
Haddingtonshire.  The  village  stands  6 
miles  east  of  Haddington,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Prestonkirk,  a  parochial 
church,  and  a  public  school.— The  parish 
extends  southward  to  boundary  with 
Berwickshire,  measures  10J  miles  by  6, 
and  comprises  15,595  acres.  Eeal  property 
in  1880-81,  £9188.  Pop.  639.  The 
northern  section  is  uneven  and  diversified  ; 
the  southern  one  lies  wholly  among  the 
Lammermoors  ;  and  about  five-eighths  of 
the  entire  surface  are  moorish  upland. 
Whittingham  House  is  an  elegant  man- 
sion ;  Whittingham  Castle  is  a  very  ancient 
renovated  structure,  and  was  the  place 
where  Earl  Morton  and  his  associates 
plotted  the  murder  of  Darnley.  Ruchlaw 
House  is  ancient,  and  Stoneypath  and 
Penshiel  Castles  are  ruins. 

WHITTON,  ruined  Border  peel  in  More- 
battle  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

WHYNTIE,  wood,  with  ancient  judicial 
mound,  in  Boyndie  parish,  Banffshire. 

WHYTBANKLEE,  village,  better  known 
as  Clovenford,  in  north-east  of  Selkirk- 
shire. 

WIAY,  island,  2\  miles  long  and  1\  mile 
broad,  adjacent  to  south-east  corner  of 
Benbecula,  Outer  Hebrides.    Pop.  5. 

WIAY,  islet  in  Loch  Bracadale,  Isle  of 
Skye.    Pop.  4. 

WICK,  bay,  river,  town,  and  parish  in 
Caithness.  The  bay  opens  at  3J  miles 
south-south-west  of  Noss  Head,  is  about  a 
mile  wide  at  the  entrance,  and  goes  about 
1^  mile  to  the  west-north-west. — The 
river  issues  from  Loch  Watten,  flows  9£ 
miles  east-by -southward  to  the  bay's  head, 
has  a  sluggish  current,  and  is  mostly  about 
30  feet  wide. — The  town  stands  round  the 


bay's  head,  119|  miles  by  road,  but  158^ 
by  railway,  north-north-east  of  Inverness  ; 
is  encompassed  by  low  flat  country,  with 
interesting  objects  in  the  horizon ;  con- 
sists of  three  parts,  Wick-proper,  Louis- 
burgh,  and  Pulteney  town, — the  first  ancient 
and  irregular,  the  second  modern  and 
dingy,  the  third  modern,  large,  and  plea- 
sant; ranks  as  a  head  port,  the  head- 
quarters of  a  vast  herring  fishery,  a  royal 
and  parliamentary  burgh,  and  the  political 
capital  of  Caithness  ;  unites  with  Dornoch, 
Dingwall,  Tain,  Cromarty,  and  Kirkwall 
in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament ;  pub- 
lishes 2  weekly  newspapers ;  and  has  a 
head  post  office  with  all  departments,  a 
terminal  railway  station,  5  banking  offices, 
3  hotels,  town  and  county  halls,  2  news- 
rooms, 2  Established  churches,  3  Free 
churches,  United  Presbyterian,  Congrega- 
tional, Evangelical  Union,  Baptist,  Epis- 
copalian, and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
an  academy,  and  6  schools  with  accommo- 
dation for  1088  scholars.  The  harbour  is 
spacious,  was  constructed  at  great  cost, 
and  underwent  extension  subsequent  to 
1871 ;  the  breakwater  alone  cost  about 
£140,000,  and  was  severely  damaged  by  a 
great  storm  in  1880 ;  and  an  appeal  was 
made  to  Government  in  1882  to  remit  a 
debt  of  about  £60,000  in  order  to  enable 
the  local  authorities  to  renovate  the 
entire  harbour.  The  vessels  belonging 
to  the  port  at  end  of  1879  were  75  sailing 
vessels  of  6927  tons,  and  3  steam  vessels 
of  87  tons.  The  arrivals  in  that  year  were 
1234  British  vessels  of  144,260  tons,  and 
71  foreign  vessels  of  5310  tons ;  and  the 
departures  were  1180  British  vessels  of 
131,899  tons,  and  71  foreign  vessels  of  5339 
tons.  Real  property  of  parliamentary 
burgh  in  1880-81,  £20,944.  Pop.  8026.— 
The  parish  contains  also  the  villages  of 
Keiss,  Sarclet,  Saxigoe,  and  Ackergill, 
and  measures  14J  miles  in  length,  and 
from  If  mile  to  8  miles  in  breadth.  Real 
property  of  landward  part  in  1880-81, 
£23,696.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  quoad 
civilia,  12,822;  quoad  sacra,  6816.  The 
coast  curves  about  11  miles  round  Keiss 
Bay,  extends  thence  about  11  miles  to  the 
south-south-west,  consists  partly  of  slopes 
and  sand  but  chiefly  of  precipitous  rocks 
or  cliffs,  has  numerous  '  goes '  or  small 
deep  rock-flanked  creeks,  and  is  confronted 
by  many  '  stacks  '  or  lofty  insulated  rocky 
pyramids.  The  interior  is  mostly  low  and 
flat,  but  includes  gentle  slopes  and  two  or 
three  tame  hills,  and  comprises  a  large 
aggregate  of  bog  and  a  number  of  small 
lakes.  Chief  seats  are  Hempriggs,  Ulbster, 
Keiss,  Thrumster,  Stircoke,  Rosebank, 
Sibster,  Bilbster,  Tannach,  and  Harland ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  cairns,  Picts' 
houses,  two  standing  -  stones,  Ackergill 
Tower,  Castles  Girnigoe  and  Sinclair,  and 
Auldwick  Castle,  the  last  a  dismal  ruin  on 
lofty  peninsular  rock  at  mouth  of  Wick 
Bay,  serving  as  a  landmark  to  mariners, 
and  called  by  them  '  Auld  Man  o'  Wick. ' 


WIC 


468 


WIG 


Established  and  Free  churches  are  at 
Keiss.  Eight  schools  for  1180  scholars 
are  in  the  landward  parts,  and  6  of  them 
and  an  enlargement  for  985  are 
new. 

WICK,  bay,  ancient  burying-ground,  and 
ruins  of  old  church,  in  south-west  of  Unst, 
Shetland. 

WIDEFORD,  hill,  with  Picts'  house  and 
extensive  view,  2  miles  west  of  Kirkwall, 
Orkney. 

WIDE-OPEN,  large  camp  on  hill-ridge  in 
Marykirk  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

WIDEWALL,  bay  on  west  side  of  South 
Ronaldshay,  Orkney. 

WIESDALE.    See  Weesdale. 

WIG,  bay  on  south-west  side  of  Scar,  in 
Loch  Byan,  "Wigtonshire. 

WIGTON,  town  and  parish  on  east  bor- 
der of  "Wigtonshire,  and  bay  between  that 
county  and  Kirkcudbrightshire.  The 
town  stands  on  an  eminence  about  200 
feet  high,  adjacent  to  west  shore  of  the 
bay,  7  miles  south-by-east  of  Newton- 
Stewart  ;  commands  a  fine  view  over  the 
bay  to  the  hills  of  Kirkcudbrightshire, 
Cumberland,  and  Isle  of  Man  ;  includes 
the  site  of  a  monastery  of  13th  century, 
and  faint  vestiges  of  a  strong  castle  held 
for  some  time  by  Edward  I.  of  England ; 
is  noted  for  the  martyrdom,  by  drowning, 
of  two  female  Covenanters  in  1685;  has 
an  old  tomb  of  these  martyrs,  a  tomb  of 
three  other  Covenanter  martyrs,  and  the 
ruins  of  an  ancient  church  in  its  public 
burying-ground ;  has  also  an  obeliskal 
monument  to  the  two  female  martyrs  on 
the  summit  of  its  eminence ;  ranks  as  a 
royal  burgh,  a  head  port,  and  the  capital 
of  Wigtonshire ;  unites  with  Whithorn, 
Stranraer,  and  New  Galloway  in  sending 
a  member  to  Parliament ;  comprises  a 
large  central  enclosed  rectangle,  a  spacious 
principal  street,  and  other  well-built 
places ;  and  has  a  post  office,  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Wigtonshire,  a  railway  station,  3 
banking  offices,  2  hotels,  an  elegant  mar- 
ket cross,  county  buildings,  Established, 
Free,  United  Presbyterian,  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  a  handsome  academy, 
a  normal  school,  and  a  mechanics'  insti- 
tute. A  new  harbour  and  breastwork 
were  formed  subsequent  to  1818.  The 
shipping  belonging  to  the  port  at  end  of 
1879  consisted  of  34  sailing  vessels  of 
aggregately  1364  tons.  The  arrivals  in 
that  year  were  671  British  vessels  of  38,176 
tons,  and  2  foreign  vessels  of  281  tons  ;  and 
the  departures  were  669  British  vessels  of 
40,836  tons,  and  1  foreign  vessel  of  176 
tons.  Real  property  of  the  burgh  in 
1880-81,  £5787.  Pop.  1722.— The  parish 
contains  also  Bladenoch  village,  measures 
5  miles  by  4,  and  comprises  7805  acres. 
Real  property  of  landward  part  in  1880- 
81,  £6581.  Pop.  of  the  whole,  2198.  The 
north-eastern  section  is  low  and  level ;  the 
north-western  one  is  roughly  tumulated ; 
the  southern  one  is  variously  low,  broken, 


and  hillocky ;  and  a  considerable  aggre- 
gate is  either  moss  or  moor.  A  remark- 
able antiquity  is  the  standing-stones  of 
Torhouse. — The  bay  is  the  estuary  of  Cree 
river,  commences  If  mile  north-north-east 
of  the  northern  boundary  of  Wigton  par- 
ish, extends  15  miles  south-south-eastward, 
expands  to  a  middle  width  of  about  4  miles 
and  a  terminal  one  of  12  miles,  and  at  recess 
of  the  tide  is  nearly  all  bare  sand. 

WIGTONSHIRE,  county,  forming  western 
division  of  Galloway,  and  south-western 
extremity  of  Scotland.  It  marches  for 
17J  miles  on  the  north  with  Ayrshire,  and 
for  28  on  the  east  with  Kirkcudbrightshire, 
and  is  bounded  all  elsewhere  by  the  sea. 
Its  length  is  32  miles  ;  its  breadth  29  miles  ; 
its  area  512  square  miles.  It  is  bisected, 
to  within  6^  miles,  by  Loch  Ryan  from  the 
north-north-west  and  Luce  Bay  from  the 
south-south-east ;  and  it  includes  a  large 
peninsula  between  the  east  side  of  Luce 
Bay  and  the  west  side  of  Cree  river  and 
Wigton  Bay.  Its  western  division,  includ- 
ing the  two  peninsulas  between  Loch  Ryan 
and  Luce  Bay  on  the  east  and  the  North 
Channel  on  the  west,  is  called  the  Rhinns  ; 
its  south-eastern  division,  comprising  the 
large  peninsula  east  of  Luce  Bay,  is  called 
the  Machers  ;  and  all  the  rest  is  called  the 
Moors.  The  coast,  except  at  head  of  Loch 
Ryan,  at  head  of  Luce  Bay,  along  upper 
part  of  Wigton  Bay,  and  at  head  of  some 
small  bays  or  creeks,  is  almost  continuously 
bold  and  rocky,  and  in  many  parts 
cavernous.  Chief  headlands  are  Mull  of 
Galloway  at  southern  extremity  of  the 
Rhinns,  and  Burrowhead  at  southern 
extremity  of  the  Machers ;  and  minor 
headlands  are  very  numerous,  but  mostly 
very  small.  One  great  harbour  is  all  or 
most  of  Loch  Ryan ;  two  or  three  small 
harbours  are  creeks  of  Wigton  Bay ;  and 
a  number  of  small  harbours,  especially 
those  of  Portpatrick,  Port-Logan,  Port- 
William,  Isle  of  Whithorn,  and  Garlieston, 
indent  the  lines  of  rocky  coast.  The  in- 
terior exhibits  great  diversity,  but  lies 
aggregately  lower  than  perhaps  any  other 
county  of  Scotland,  and  possesses  small 
amount  of  striking  or  picturesque  land- 
scape. Most  of  the  Rhinns  and  the 
Machers  is  a  continuous  assemblage  of 
hillocks  and  hollows  in  all  varieties  of 
form,  feature,  and  arrangement ;  and  most 
of  the  Moors  is  bleak  plateau,  rising  north- 
ward into  heights  of  more  than  1000  feet 
above  sea-level.  A  low  plain,  measuring 
about  6j  miles  by  3,  forms  the  isthmus 
between  Loch  Ryan  and  Luce  Bay ;  and  a 
considerable  extent  of  low  level  land  lies 
along  the  upper  part  of  Wigton  Bay  and 
lower  part  of  Cree  river.  The  largest 
streams,  besides  the  Cree,  are  the  Bladenoch 
and  the  Luce ;  and  the  chief  lakes  are 
Castle-Kennedy,  Mochrum,  and  Dowalton. 
The  rocks  have  small  economical  value. 
Agriculture  on  the  low  lands  in  the  south- 
east has  high  celebrity ;  in  other  parts 
also  is  skilful ;  in  the  Moors  is  notable  for 


WIG 


4G9 


WIN 


breeds  of  black  cattle  and  sheep.  The 
manufactures  are  aggregately  trivial ;  and 
the  commerce  is  ruled  by  the  products  and 
wants  of  agriculture.  The  only  town  with 
more  than  5000  inhabitants  is  Stranraer; 
the  only  one  with  more  than  2000,  Newton- 
Stewart  ;  the  only  ones  with  more  than 
1000,  Wigton  and  Whithorn;  the  only 
villages  with  more  than  300,  Glenluce, 
Port-William,  Kirkcowan,  Garlieston, 
Portpatrick,  Drumore,  Isle  of  Whithorn, 
Kirkcolm,  and  New  Luce.  The  territory 
belonged  to  the  Caledonian  Novantes,  was 
included  by  the  Eomans  in  their  province 
of  Valentia,  became  part  of  the  Saxon 
Northumbria,  passed  to  the  Irish  Cruithne 
under  the  petty  kings  of  Galloway,  and 
was  constituted  a  county  by  either  David 
n.  or  Alexander  III.  ;  and  it  retains 
numerous  monuments  of  both  the  ancient 
and  the  mediaeval  times.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £268,434.  Pop.  in  1871, 
38,830 ;  in  1881,  38,602. 

WIGTONSHIRE  RAILWAY,  railway  from 
junction  with  the  Dumfries  and  Portpatrick 
at  Newton-Stewart,  19J  miles  southward 
to  Whithorn.  It  was  opened  to  Wigton 
in  1875,  and  formed  afterwards  to  Garlies- 
ton and  Whithorn. 

WILDSHAW,  place,  with  limework,  in 
Crawfordjohn  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WILKHOUSE,  place,  with  site  of 
Pictish  tower,  in  Loth  parish,  Suther- 
land. 

WILKIESTON,  village,  9  miles  west- 
south-west  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  post 
office  designated  of  Mid-Lothian,  and  a 
public  school  with  about  102  scholars. 

WILLIAMFIELD,  seat  in  Symington 
parish,  Ayrshire. 

WILLIAM  (FORT).    See  Fort- William. 

WILLIAMSBURGH,  eastern  suburb  of 
Paisley,  Renfrewshire. 

WILSONTOWN,  village,  3|  miles  west 
of  Auchengray  railway  station,  and  6 
south-east  of  Shotts  Ironworks,  Lanark- 
shire. It  was  founded  in  1779  to  be  a  seat 
of  iron  manufacture  ;  went  through  such 
changes  as  to  employ  upwards  of  2000 
persons  in  1807,  and  to  have  a  population 
of  only  113  in  1841 ;  experienced  again 
some  revival ;  and  now  has  a  branch  railway 
to  Auchengray  station,  and  a  Free  church. 
Pop.  692. 

WILTON,  town  and  parish  in  Teviotdale, 
Roxburghshire.  The  town  stands  on  left 
bank  of  the  Teviot,  forms  part  of  Hawick 
burgh,  communicates  with  Hawick-proper 
by  several  bridges,  is  mostly  all  modern, 
comprises  several  well-built  streets,  and 
has  several  woollen  factories,  a  parochial 
church,  and  a  large  public  school.  Pop. 
4848.  —  The  parish  contains  also  the 
villages  of  Wilton-Dean  and  Appletree- 
Hall,  measures  about  5f  miles  by  4,  and 
comprises  8760  acres.  Real  property  of 
landward  part  in  1880-81,  £10,376.  Pop. 
5782.  The  surface  adjacent  to  the 
Teviot  is  haugh  ;  elsewhere  is  irregular 
and  hilly  ;  and  most  of  it  is  under  cultiva- 


tion. The  seats  are  Wilton  Lodge,  Siller- 
bithall,  Briery  -  Yards,  Bucklands,  and 
Stirches.  Three  schools  for  182  scholars 
are  in  the  landward  part,  and  1  of  them 
for  50  is  new. 

WILTON-DEAN,  village  on  the  Teviot, 
about  a  mile  south-west  of  Wilton,  Rox- 
burghshire. It  is  believed  to  be  the  scene 
of  the  Cottagers  of  Glenburnie,  and 
it  has  a  public  school  with  about  43 

WINCHBURGH,  village,  llf  miles  west  of 
Edinburgh.  It  has  a  post  office  with  money 
order  and  telegraph  departments,  desig- 
nated of  Linlithgowshire,  and  a  railway 
station. 

WINDBRUGH,  hill,  1662  feet  high,  7| 
miles  south-by-east  of  Hawick,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

WINDFELL,  mountain,  2180  feet  high, 
on  north  -  west  border  of  Eskdalemuir 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WINDFORD,  summit-level  of  Forth  and 
Clyde  Canal,  2  miles  north-east  of  Cum- 
bernauld, Dumbartonshire. 

WINDGATE,  ruined  ancient  mansion  in 
Wandell  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WINDHEAD,  mountain  in  Castleton 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

WINDLESS,  lake  and  burn  in  Wick 
parish,  Caithness. 

WINDLESTRAW,  mountain,  2161  feet 
high,  4-g-  miles  north-north-east  of  Inner- 
leithen, Peeblesshire. 

WINDMILLHILL,  village  in  Dalziel 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WINDYEDGE,  hamlet  in  Sanquhar 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WINDYGATE,  hill  in  Morebattle  parish, 
Roxburghshire . 

WINDYGATES,  village  in  Markinch 
parish,  Fife.  It  has  a  post  office,  with 
money  order  and  telegraph  departments, 
designated  of  Fife. 

WINDYGOWLE,  steep  hollow,  with  re- 
peating echo,  on  top  of  Kinnoul  Hill,  in 
eastern  vicinity  of  Perth. 

WINDYHILLS,  section  of  Fyvie  parish, 
Aberdeenshire. 

WINDYRAW,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Cairnie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 

WINDY  STANDARD,  mountain,  2287 
feet  high,  7  miles  east  of  Dalmellington, 
Ayrshire. 

WINE,  old  tower,  surmounting  a  cave, 
on  Kinnaird  Head,  adjacent  to  Fraser- 
burgh, Aberdeenshire. 

WINGILLBANK,  mountain  -  summit  on 
south-east  border  of  Lamington  parish, 
L  <i  n  Eirks  ti  ir  © 

WINKSTONE,  place,  with  old  castle,  1£ 
mile  north  of  Peebles. 

WINLES.    See  Windless. 

WINNOCH.    See  Lochwinnoch. 

WINTER,  burn  in  Walston  parish, 
Xjii  n  firlvsh  ire 

WINTERHOPE,  hill  in  east  of  Middlebie 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WINTON,  station  on  Macmerry  Railway, 
estate,  and   ruined   noble   mansion  in 


470 


WOO 


Pencaitland  parish,  on  west  border  of 
Haddingtonshire.  The  estate  gave  the 
titles  of  baron  and  earl  from  respectively 
1449  and  1600  till  1716  to  the  family  of 
Seton. 

WIRAS,  affluent  of  Oruick  rivulet  in 
north  of  Forfarshire. 
WIRE.    See  Weir. 

WIRREN,  one  of  Benchinnan  Mountains 
in  Lethnot  parish,  Forfarshire. 

WISHAW,  town,  15|  miles  south-east  of 
Glasgow.  It  stands  in  northern  vicinity 
of  Caledonian  Eailway ;  is  crossed  by 
railway  from  Carfin  to  Law  Junction, 
formed  at  a  cost  of  about  £150,000,  and 
opened  in  1880  ;  spreads  over  an  extensive 
slope  into  connection  with  several  suburbs  ; 
acquired  numerous  fine  new  buildings, 
both  public  and  private,  in  years  from 
1873  till  1882;  carries  on  large  trade 
arising  from  rich  surrounding  mineral 
field  ;  publishes  a  weekly  newspaper ;  and 
has  a  head  post  office  with  money  order 
and  telegraph  departments,  2  railway 
stations,  4  banking  offices,  2  hotels,  a 
town  hall,  Established,  Free,  United 
Presbyterian,  Reformed  Presbyterian, 
Evangelical  Union,  Baptist,  Primitive 
Methodist,  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
an  academy  with  about  372  scholars,  a 
public  school  with  about  759  scholars,  and  a 
public  library.  Pop.  with  suburbs,  13,112. 
Wishaw  House,  in  north-western  vicinity 
of  the  town,  is  the  seat  of  Lord  Belhaven. 

WISP,  mountain,  1950  feet  high,  10| 
miles  north  of  Langholm,  Dumfriesshire. 

WISP,  one  of  the  Ochil  Hills  on  north 
border  of  Dollar  parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

WISTON,  village  and  parish  in  upper 
ward  of  Lanarkshire.  The  village  stands 
about  a  mile  west-north-west  of  Lam- 
ington  railway  station,  contains  a  mound 
believed  to  have  been  the  place  of  an 
ancient  great  wool  market,  and  has  a  post 
office  under  Biggar,  a  parochial  church, 
and  a  public  school. — The  parish  contains 
also  Roberton  village,  measures  6  miles  by 
4,  and  comprises  13,140  acres.  Real  pro- 
perty in  1880-81,  £8542.  Pop.  562. 
The  Clyde  traces  the  south-eastern  boun- 
dary, and  receives  two  burns,  draining  most 
of  the  area.  The  land  adjacent  to  the 
streams  is  variously  low,  undulating,  and 
tumulated ;  and  the  rest  consists  of  the 
bold,  craggy,  double-topped  hill  of  Dun- 
gavel,  and  the  southern  half  of  Tinto 
Mountain.  Chief  residences  are  Harding- 
ton  and  Eastfield.  A  United  Presbyterian 
church  is  at  Roberton. 

WITCHES'  BOG,  morass  in  the  Tros- 
sachs,  Perthshire. 

WITCH  KNOW,  rising-ground,  with 
vestiges  of  burning  of  alleged  witches,  in 
Cask  parish,  Perthshire. 

WITCH  KNOW,  eminence  in  Mordington 
parish,  Berwickshire. 

WITCH  POOL,  pond  in  western  vicinity 
of  Kirriemuir,  Forfarshire. 

WOLF  CLEUCH,  ravine  on  south  border 
of  Heriot  parish,  Edinburghshire. 


WOLFHILL,  village  in  Cargill  parish, 
Perthshire. 

WOLFLAW,  estate  in  Oathlaw  parish, 
Forfarshire. 

WOLFLEE,  place,  with  Free  church,  8 
miles  east-south-east  of  Hawick,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

WOLF'S  CRAIG,  place,  5  miles  south- 
south- west  of  Crieff,  Perthshire. 

WOLL,  burn  and  woodland  in  Ashkirk 
parish,  Roxburghshire. 

WOOD,  hill  on  north  side  of  Ae  river, 
7^  miles  north-west  of  Lochmaben, 
Dumfriesshire. 

WOODBURN,  seat  in  Newbattle  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

WOODBURN,  picturesque  ravine  in 
Garvock  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

WOODBURN,  place  in  southern  vicinity 
of  Dunoon,  Argyleshire. 

WOODCOCKAIR,  wooded  hill  in  Annan 
parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WOODCOT,  seat  near  north  base  of 
Soutra  Hill,  in  south-west  extremity  of 
Haddingtonshire. 

WOODEN,  seat  and  romantic  ravine  in 
south-eastern  vicinity  of  Kelso,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

WOODEN,  hill,  with  vestige  of  Roman 
camp,  in  Hounam  parish,  Roxburgh- 
shire. 

WOODEN,  quondam  strong  tower  in 
Eckford  parish,  Roxburghshire. 

WOODEND,  village  in  Newhills  parish, 
Aberdeenshire.    Pop.  529. 

WOODEND,  village  in  Torphichen  parish, 
Linlithgowshire.    Pop.  243. 

WOODEND,  village,  with  public  school, 
in  Abercorn  parish,  Linlithgowshire. 

WOODEND,  seat  in  Madderty  parish, 
Perthshire. 

WOODEND,  manufacturing  locality  in 
vicinity  of  Almondbank,  Perthshire. 

WOODEND,  estate  in  Banchory-Ternan 
parish,  Kincardineshire. 

WOODEND,  hill,  with  Caledonian  camp, 
in  "Wandell  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WOODEND,  lake  in  Old  Monkland 
parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WOODEND,  estate  in  Cathcart  parish, 
Renfrewshire. 

WOODHALL,  seat  in  Colinton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

WOODHALL,  collier  village  in  Old 
Monkland  parish,  Lanarkshire. 

WOODHALL,  seat  on  the  North  Calder 
near  Holytown,  Lanarkshire. 

WOODHALL,  lake  in  Balmaghie  parish, 
Kirkcudbrightshire. 

WOODHAVEN,  seaport  village  about  a 
mile  west-south-west  of  Newport,  Fife. 

WOODHEAD,  mining  village,  14  miles 
north-north-west  of  New  Galloway,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire. It  stands  amid  high 
uplands,  and  was  founded  in  1839  for 
working  lead-ore. 

WOODHEAD,  place,  2  miles  south-south- 
east of  Moffat,  Dumfriesshire. 

WOODHEAD,  place,  with  Episcopalian 
church,  in  Fyvie  parish,  Aberdeenshire. 


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471 


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WOODHEAD,  estate  in  Campsie  parish, 
Stirlingshire. 

WOODHILL,  seat  in  Kirkmichael  parish, 
Perthshire. 

WOODHILL,  one  of  the  Ochils  near 
Alva,  Stirlingshire. 

WOODHILL,  hill,  with  vestige  of  what 
is  called  Macbeth's  Castle,  in  Manor  par- 
ish, Peeblesshire. 

WOODHILL,  Dumfriesshire.  See  Wood. 

WOODHOUSE,  ruined  notable  old  tower 
on  Kirtle  rivulet,  near  Kirkpatrick-Flem- 
ing  village,  Dumfriesshire. 

WOODHOUSE,  place,  with  old  circular 
entrenchment  and  site  of  old  peel-house, 
in  Manor  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

WOODHOUSELEE,  seat  on  slope  of 
Pentland  Hills,  6|-  miles  south  of  Edin- 
burgh. Old  Woodhouselee,  the  scene  of 
tragical  event  commemorated  in  Sir  "Wal- 
ter Scott's  first  ballad  of  '  Cadzow  Castle,' 
stood  3  miles  to  the  south-east,  and  is  now 
represented  by  mere  vestiges. 

WOODHOUSELEES,  seat  and  quondam 
Border  tower  in  Canonbie  parish,  Dum- 
friesshire. 

WOODILEE,  place,  with  Barony  lunatic 
asylum,  7  miles  north-east  of  Glasgow. 

WOODLANDS,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans  par- 
ish, Forfarshire. 

WOODLANDS,  colliery  in  Tillicoultry 
parish,  Clackmannanshire. 

WOODLANE,  village  in  Kincardine  par- 
ish, Perthshire. 

WOODMUIR,  hill,  5  miles  south-south- 
east of  Whitburn,  Linlithgowshire. 

WOODSIDE,  suburban  town  on  the  Don, 
2  miles  north-west  of  Aberdeen.  It  is  a 
seat  of  manufacture,  and  has  a  post  office, 
with  money  order  and  telegraph  depart- 
ments, under  Aberdeen,  a  railway  station, 
a  banking  office,  a  town  hall,  a  quoad 
sacra  parochial  church,  Free,  United  Pres- 
byterian, and  Congregational  churches,  2 
public  schools  with  about  770  scholars,  and 
a  large  free  library  presented  by  Sir  John 
Anderson  in  1881.  Pop.  of  town,  5452 ;  of 
quoad  sacra  parish,  5928. 
_  WOODSIDE,  village,  with  railway  sta- 
tion and  public  school,  13£  miles  north-by- 
east  of  Perth.    See  Burrelton. 

WOODSIDE,  north-western  suburb  of 
Glasgow.  It  has  an  Established  church 
founded  in  1881,  and  estimated  to  cost 
about  £9000,  and  a  public  school  erected 
in  1882  at  a  cost  of  about  £11,000,  exclu- 
sive of  site,  and  containing  accommoda- 
tion for  1650  scholars. 

WOODSIDE,  village  on  north  border  of 
Largo  parish,  Fife. 

WOODSIDE,  hamlet  in  Mouswald  par- 
ish, Dumfriesshire. 

WOODSIDE,  place,  with  public  school, 
in  Penpont  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

WOODSIDE,  seat  in  Kelso  parish,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

WOODSIDE,  hill  in  Morebattle  parish, 
Roxburghshire . 

WOODSIDE,  seat  in  Abbey-Paisley  par- 
ish, Renfrewshire. 


WOODSLEE,  seat  in  Canonbie  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

WOODSTON,  estate  and  hill  in  St. 
Cyrus  parish,  Kincardineshire. 

WOODVILLE,  seat  in  Colinton  parish, 
Edinburghshire. 

WOODVILLE,  seat  in  St.  Vigeans  par- 
ish, Forfarshire. 

WOODWICK,  bay,  8  miles  north-north- 
west of  Kirkwall,  Orkney. 

WOODWICK,  bay  on  west  side  of  Unst 
Island,  Shetland. 

WOOLMET,  small  village  and  ancient 
parish  in  Edinburghshire.  The  village 
stands  1\  miles  north-north-west  of  Dal- 
keith, and  the  parish  is  now  united  to 
Newton. 

WORMISTON,  seat  in  Crail  parish, 
Fife. 

WORMISTON,  farm,  with  remains  of 
ancient  camp,  in  Eddlestone  parish, 
Peeblesshire. 

WORMIT,  small  bay  and  ravine,  2£  miles 
west-south-west  of  Newport,  Fife. 

WORMWELL,  lofty  hill  in  Glenholm 
section  of  Broughton  parish,  Peeblesshire. 

WORMYHILLS,  place,  with  bleachfield, 
in  Arbirlot  parish,  Forfarshire. 

WRATH.    See  Cape  Wrath. 

WREATHS,  remains  of  ancient  castle  in 
Kirkbean  parish,  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

WUDDY,  eminence,  with  large  tumulus, 
in  Kinnell  parish,  Forfarshire. 

WYESBIE,  seat,  hill,  and  medicinal 
spring  in  Kirkpatrick-Fleming  parish, 
Dumfriesshire. 

WYMET.    See  Woolmet. 

WYNNIE,  affluent  of  the  Ordie  in  Auch- 
tergaven  parish,  Perthshire. 


YAFFER,  bay,  5  miles  south-west  of 
Kirkwall,  Orkney. 

YAIKENBANK,  eminence  in  Gartly  par- 
ish, Banffshire. 

YAIR,  seat  and  bridge  on  the  Tweed,  2 
miles  south  of  Clovenford,  Selkirkshire. 
Yair  Trows  here  are  a  group  of  rocks  in 
the  river's  channel  throwing  its  current 
into  rapids. 

YARDSIDES,  farm,  with  site  of  seat  of 
Sir  William  Wallace's  uncle,  adjacent  to 
west  end  of  Riccarton  town,  Ayrshire. 

YARROW,  river,  hamlet,  and  parish  in 
Selkirkshire.  The  river  issues  from  St. 
Mary's  Loch ;  runs  11  miles  north-east- 
ward and  3  miles  south  -  eastward  to 
the  Ettrick,  at  2  miles  west-south-west 
of  Selkirk ;  traverses  from  head  to  foot 
a  very  lovely  pastoral  vale;  and,  with 
objects  and  scenery  on  its  banks,  has  been 
celebrated  in  more  poetry,  both  old  and 
recent,  than  any  other  stream  in  Scotland. 
— The  hamlet  lies  on  left  side  of  the  river, 
9  miles  west  of  Selkirk;  is  near  a  hill- 
slope,  formerly  with  more  than  20  large 
cairns,  but  now  with  no  other  antiquity 
than  two  massive  unhewn  stones,  the 
scene  of  the  famous  ancient  ballad,  '  The 
Dowie  Dens  of  Yarrow ; '  and  has  a  post 


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472 


YOK 


office  under  Selkirk,  Established  and  Free 
churches,  and  a  public  school  with  about 
70  scholars. — The  parish  contains  also  part 
of  Yarrowf  eus  hamlet  and  part  of  Yarrow- 
ford,  measures  16  miles  by  8,  and  comprises 
41,046  acres,  Eeal  property  in  1880-81, 
£13,141.  Pop.  562.  The  surface  in- 
cludes greater  part  of  St.  Mary's  Loch ; 
is  partly  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Tweed ;  contains  numerous  small  vales 
watered  by  burns  running  mostly  to  the 
Yarrow ;  consists  predominantly  of  moun- 
tains and  lofty  hills,  variously  in  ridges, 
in  groups,  and  in  isolated  masses;  and 
contains  at  least  17  summits  between 
1500  and  2169  feet  high.  The  seats  are 
Elibank,  Ashiestiel,  and  Hangingshaw ; 
and  chief  antiquities  are  Dryhope  and 
Blackhouse  towers,  Binram's  Cross,  St. 
Mary's  Kirk  burying-ground,  and  the  two 
stones  on  the  'Dowie  Dens.'  There  are 
3  schools  for  167  scholars,  and  1  of  them 
for  54  is  new. 

YARROW,  hill  and  lake  in  Wick  parish, 
Caithness.  Several  cairns  are  on  the 
hill. 

YARR OWFEUS ,  hamlet  on  Yarrow  river, 
11  miles  west-by-south  of  Selkirk. 

YARROWFORD,  hamlet  on  Yarrow  river, 
5  miles  west-north-west  of  Selkirk.  It 
has  a  public  school. 

YEILSHIELDS.    See  YiELDSHiELDS. 

YELL,  island  and  sound  in  north  of 
Shetland.  The  island  extends  northward 
to  within  miles  of  north-western  ex- 
tremity of  Unst ;  is  divided  by  only  a 
narrow  sound  from  south-western  part  of 
that  island  ;  extends  19  miles  southward, 
with  a  maximum  breadth  of  1\  miles ;  is 
swept  all  round  by  very  impetuous  tides  ; 
has  mostly  a  low  coast,  in  many  parts 
sandy,  in  the  east,  but  extensively  a  bold 
rocky  coast,  partly  precipitous,  on  the  west ; 
is  indented  by  seven  or  eight  bays  forming 
natural  harbours ;  rises  slowly,  in  tame 
moorish  surface,  to  elevations  of  from  200 
to  400  feet ;  presents  comparatively  little 
ground  for  farming,  but  very  rich  facilities 
for  fishing  ;  contains  the  post  offices  of 
East  Yell  and  Burravoe,  several  good 
residences,  six  places  of  worship,  eight 
Scandinavian  dunes,  and  ruins  or  vestiges 
of  twenty  ancient  chapels ;  and  was 
anciently  divided  into  the  parishes  of 
North  Yell,  Mid  Yell,  and  South  Yell,  the 
first  now  united  to  Fetlar,  the  second  and 
the  third  now  united  to  each  other.  Pop. 
2529. —The  sound  divides  Yell  from 
Mainland ;  extends  11  miles  southward, 
with  width  of  from  4J  to  6|  miles ;  con- 
tains numerous  isles  and  islets ;  and  has 
tidal  currents  often  at  rate  of  9  or  10  miles 
per  hour,  so  obstructed  and  tumultuous  as 
frequently,  for  good  portions  of  a  day,  to 
defy  all  boat  navigation. 

YELL  (EAST),  place  on  east  side  of 
Yell  Island,  Shetland.  It  has  a  post  office 
under  Lerwick,  and  a  public  school. 

YELL  (MID  and  SOUTH),  parish  com- 
prehending Hascussie  and  Samphray  isles, 


several  pastoral  islets,  and  the  middle  and 
southern  sections  of  Yell  Island,  Shetland. 
It  contains  East  Yell  and  Burravoe  post 
offices,  and  measures  \2>\  miles  by  nearly 
7.  Keal  property  in  1880-81,  £1982.  Pop. 
1708.  The  churches  are  2  Established, 
1  Free,  and  1  Episcopalian,  and  there  are 
6  schools,  all  new,  for  335  scholars. 

YELL  (NORTH).    See  Fetlab. 

YERROCH,  rivulet,  traversing  romantic 
ravine,  and  entering  Solway  Firth  at  9| 
miles  east-by-north  of  Kirkcudbright. 

YESKENABLY,  township,  with  ruined 
old  church,  in  Sandwick  parish,  Orkney. 

YESKER,  rocky  islet  off  Kilmuir  coast, 
Isle  of  Skye. 

YESTER,  parish,  containing  Gifford  post 
office  village,  and  Long-Yester  and  Long- 
Newton  hamlets,  in  Haddingtonshire.  Its 
length  is  6  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  4| 
miles  ;  its  area  8848  acres.  Real  property 
in  1880-81,  £9404.  Pop.  924.  The 
northern  section  is  a  beautiful  strath,  and 
the  southern  one  is  part  of  the  Lammer- 
moor  Hills.  Yester  House  is  the  seat  of 
the  Marquis  of  Tweeddale.  The  churches 
are  Established  and  Free.  Two  public 
schools  are  in  Gifford,  and  1  in  Long- 

YESTER  (LONG),  hamlet,  2  miles  south- 
south-east  of  Gifford,  Haddingtonshire. 

YETBYRE,  farm^  with  nearly  entire 
well-preserved  ancient  oval  camp,  in 
Eskdalemuir  parish,  Dumfriesshire. 

YETHOLM,  village  and  parish  on  north- 
east border  of  Roxburghshire.  The  village 
stands  on  Bowmont  river,  8  miles  south- 
east of  Kelso ;  consists  of  two  parts, 
Town-Yetholm  and  Kirk-Yetholm,  sepa- 
rated by  the  river;  was  the  rendezvous 
of  Douglas  on  his  way  to  Otterburn; 
became  a  settlement  of  gipsies  about  be- 
ginning of  18th  century;  furnished,  in 
one  of  these,  the  prototype  of  Sir  "Walter 
Scott's  '  Meg  Merrilees ; '  and  has  a  post 
office,  with  money  order  and  telegraph 
departments,  under  Kelso,  Established, 
Free,  and  United  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  2  public  schools  with  capacity  for 
202  scholars.  Pop.  746. —The  parish 
measures  5^  miles  by  nearly  3,  and  com- 
prises 5960  acres.  Real  property  in 
1880-81,  £8255.  Pop.  1045.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  rises  into  summits  from  1097  to 
1629  feet  high,  includes  several  charming 
vales,  is  cultivated  over  the  lower  hills, 
affords  excellent  sheep  pasture  in  the 
higher,  and  contains  part  of  a  lake  nearly 
\\  mile  in  circuit.  The  seats  are  Yetholm 
Hall  and  Cherrytrees  ;  and  the  antiquities 
are  remains  of  several  Caledonian  and 
Roman  camps,  and  sites  of  two  Border 
peel  towers. 

YETTS.    See  Muckart. 

YIELDSHIELDS,  village  in  Carluke 
parish,  Lanarkshire.  It  has  a  public 
school  of  1881  with  capacity  for  110 
scholars.    Pop.  with  Roadmeetings,  432. 

YOKER,  town  on  right  bank  of  the 
Clyde  nearly  opposite  lower  part  of  Ren- 


YON 


473 


ZET 


frew.  It  has  a  post  office  under  Glasgow, 
a  great  shipbuilding  yard,  and  a  large 
distillery.  Pop.  1256.  Yoker  House  and 
Yoker  Lodge  are  adjacent. 

YONBELL,  hill  on  north  boundary  of 
Sandwick  parish,  Orkney. 

YOOLFIELD,  place,  with  spinning-mill, 
in  Kemback  parish,  Fife. 

YTHAN,  river,  rising  65  miles  east-south- 
east of  Huntly,  and  running  deviously  to 
the  sea  at  12  miles  north-north-east  of 
Aberdeen.  Its  course  is  prevailingly  east- 
south-eastward  ;  and  its  length,  as  the 
crow  flies,  is  23  miles,  along  its  bed  nearly 
40  miles. 


YTHAN-WELLS,  quoad  sacra  parish 
around  source  of  Ythan  river,  Aberdeen- 
shire. It  consists  of  parts  of  Forgue  and 
Auchterless,  and  its  post  town  is  Huntly. 
Pop.  1315.  There  are  2  schools  for  260 
scholars,  and  1  of  them  and  an  enlarge- 
ment for  175  are  new. 


ZELL.    See  Yell. 

ZETLAND,  the  Shetland  archipelago. 
It  gives,  in  this  form  of  its  name,  the  title 
of  earl,  in  peerage  of  United  Kingdom,  to 
the  family  of  Dundas. 


PKINTKD  BY  W.  &  A.  K.  JOHNSTON,  EDINBURGH. 


NOTE. 

Since  thi,s  Work  went  to  press  the  spelling  of  the  town  of  "  Dunse  " 
(Berwickshire)  has  been  altered  by  the  Corporation  to  what  it  was 
originally — ' '  Dims . ' ' 


0 


r 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  LIBRARY 


DA  Wilson,  John  Marius 

869  The  gazetteer  of  Scotland 

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